Item 1A. Risk Factors
Risk Factor Summary
Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that you should understand before making an investment decision. These include:
If we are unable to develop and introduce new solutions and improve existing solutions in a cost-effective and timely manner, then our competitive position would be negatively impacted and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We invest significantly in research and development, and to the extent our research and development efforts are unsuccessful, our competitive position would be negatively impacted and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We operate in a highly competitive market.
We have previously experienced constraints in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs as the result of the global semiconductor shortage during 2021 and 2022, and future shortages in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs or other critical parts would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We face additional supply chain risks and risks of interruption of requisite services, including, as a result of our reliance on a single supplier or limited suppliers and vendors, for certain components, equipment, and services.
Increases in costs of the materials and other components that we use in our solutions would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Our business may suffer from claims, or incur losses, relating to, among other things, actual or alleged defects in our solutions, or if our solutions actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected, and publicity related to these claims could harm our reputation and decrease demand for our solutions or increase regulatory scrutiny of our solutions.
We are subject to risks related to trade policies, sanctions, and import and export controls.
We invest significant effort and money seeking OEM selection of our solutions, and there can be no assurance that these efforts will result in the selection of our solutions for use in production models. If we fail to achieve a design win after incurring substantial expenditures in these efforts, our future business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
There is no guarantee that our customers will purchase our solutions in any certain quantity or at any certain price even after we achieve design wins, and there may be significant delays between the time we achieve a design win until we realize revenue from the vehicle model.
We depend on a limited number of Tier 1 customers and OEMs for a substantial portion of our revenue, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in sales to, one or more of our major Tier 1 customers and/or the discontinued incorporation of our solutions by one or more major OEMs in their vehicle models would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may face increased competition surrounding the development of our next generation chips from OEMs and emerging chip manufacturers entering the market.
We are highly dependent on the services of Professor Amnon Shashua, our President and Chief Executive Officer.
If we are unable to attract, retain, and motivate key employees, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We face regulatory and integration risks and costs associated with companies, assets, employees, products, and technologies that we have or that we may acquire, including our acquisition of Mentee Robotics.
Interruptions to our information technology systems and networks and cybersecurity incidents could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Security breaches and other disruptions of our in-vehicle systems and related data could impact the safety of our end users and reduce confidence in us and our solutions.
An uncertain economic environment and inflationary conditions may adversely affect global vehicle production and demand for our solutions.
If OEMs are unable to maintain and increase consumer acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving technology, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive regulations that could increase our costs or delay or halt adoption of our solutions.
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with Intel, and Intel beneficially owns 50,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock and all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 79.5% of our outstanding common stock and approximately 97.3% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock as of December 27, 2025. This will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.
We may have conflicts of interest with Intel, and because of (i) certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation relating to related person transactions and corporate opportunities, (ii) agreements we entered into with Intel in
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connection with the Mobileye IPO, and (iii) Intel’s controlling beneficial ownership interest in our company, we may not be able to resolve such conflicts on terms favorable to us.
Conditions in Israel and in the surrounding region affect our operations and may limit our ability to produce and sell our solutions.
Our operations may be disrupted by the obligations of personnel to perform military service as a result of current or future military actions involving Israel.
In addition to the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC, the following risk factors should be considered in evaluating our business and future prospects. These risk factors represent what we believe to be the known material risk factors with respect to us and our business. Our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition are subject to these risks and uncertainties, any of which could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. Additional risks or uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects, results of operations, or cash flows. We cannot assure you that any of the events discussed in the risk factors below will not occur.
Risks Related to Our Business
If we are unable to develop and introduce new solutions and improve existing solutions in a cost-effective and timely manner, then our competitive position would be negatively impacted and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Our business, results of operations, and financial condition depend on our ability to complete development of our existing ADAS and autonomous driving programs and to develop and introduce new and enhanced solutions that incorporate and integrate the latest technological advancements in sensing and perception technologies, software and hardware, and camera, radar, lidar, mapping, and AI technologies to satisfy evolving customer, regulatory, and safety rating requirements. For example, we will need to complete the development and achieve cost efficient production at scale of new generations of our EyeQ™ SoCs and our software-defined imaging radar, and, in the case of AMaaS, source lidar cost effectively, all of which are important components of our planned approach to address the AMaaS and consumer AV markets. This report may contain descriptions of our current expectations regarding the years by which we expect to obtain engineering samples, commence production, or release our anticipated future solutions. These time periods are subject to significant uncertainty. We may encounter significant unexpected technical and production challenges, or delays in completing the development of these and other solutions and ramping production in a cost- manner particularly as our products become increasingly complex. The development of these and other new and solutions requires us to invest resources in research and development and also requires that we:
design innovative, accurate, and safety- and comfort-enhancing functions that differentiate our solutions from those of our competitors;
continuously improve the reliability of, and reduce and ultimately remove the requirement for human intervention with, our autonomous driving technology;
cooperate effectively on new designs and development with our customers, suppliers and partners;
respond effectively to technological changes and product announcements by our competitors; and
adjust to changing customer requirements, market conditions, and regulatory and rating standards quickly and cost-effectively.
If there are delays in, or if we fail to complete when expected or at all, our existing and new development programs, we may not be able to satisfy our customers’ requirements, achieve additional design wins with existing or new customers, or achieve broader market acceptance of our solutions, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. In addition, the price of our solutions depends on the bundle included in the specific product. Our solutions have different margin profiles. As we develop, bundle, and sell full systems that include third-party hardware beyond EyeQ™, we expect that our gross margin will decrease on a percentage basis because of the greater third-party hardware content.
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We invest significantly in research and development, and to the extent our research and development efforts are unsuccessful, our competitive position would be negatively impacted and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
To compete successfully, we must maintain successful research and development efforts (including the design and development of next-generation EyeQ™ SoCs), develop and commercialize new solutions, and improve our existing solutions, all ahead of competitors. We are focusing our research and development efforts across several key emerging technologies, including computer vision, Compound AI and other AI technologies, the development of next-generation EyeQ™ SoCs, software-defined imaging radar, the True Redundancy™ sensor fusion architecture, the REM™ mapping technology and our RSS model, and our Mobileye Surround ADAS™, Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™ and Mobileye Drive™ systems. Further, with the acquisition of Mentee Robotics, we will also focus our research and development efforts on the development of humanoid robotics, including AI technologies in connection therewith. These are ambitious initiatives, and we cannot guarantee that all of these efforts will deliver the benefits we anticipate or be homologated as expected. We must make research and development investments based on our views of the most promising approaches to address future customer needs in rapidly evolving markets, and we cannot be certain that we will target our research and development investments appropriately or correctly anticipate the manner in which these markets will evolve. To the extent our research and development efforts do not produce timely improvements in utility, accuracy, safety, cost and operational (for example, our ability to deploy Mobileye Drive™ in vehicles without safety drivers in accordance with our expected schedule), our competitive position will be . We do not expect all of our research and development investments to be . Some of our efforts to develop and market new solutions may , and the solutions we invest in and develop may be by regulators or may not be well received by customers, who may adopt competing technologies. We make significant investments in research and development, and our investments at times may not contribute to our future operating results for several years, if at all, and such contributions at times may not meet our expectations or even cover the costs of such investments, which would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We operate in a highly competitive market.
The ADAS and autonomous driving industries as well as the emergent humanoid robotics industry, are highly competitive, and we expect they will become even more competitive in the future. Our future success will depend on, among other things, our ability to continue developing superior advanced technology to remain competitive with our existing and any new competitors. Competition is based on, among other things, cost efficiency, reliability, the ability to develop and deploy increasingly complex technologies that provide for vehicle, passenger, and pedestrian safety in compliance with existing and future regulations, the ability to gather or access large validation datasets in order to train the required software and to continuously harvest new data in real-time, the ability to cost-effectively deploy hardware, the ability to integrate technologies and hardware with overall vehicle design and production, adoption by OEMs, and the ability to develop and maintain strategic relationships with other participants in the automotive industry.
A significant and growing number of established and new technology companies and automobile manufacturers have entered, or are reported to have plans to enter, the market for ADAS and autonomous driving solutions as well as the market for humanoid robotics. For example, certain of our competitors have announced that they are operating or developing autonomous robotaxis and/or humanoid robots. Some of our competitors have significantly greater or better-established resources than we do to devote to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale, and support of their products. Automakers who seek to develop their own in-house solutions may also become indirect competitors. Some OEMs that have incorporated our solutions in the past have decided, and some OEMs that currently incorporate our solutions may decide to design in-house solutions to replace our solutions that they currently implement. For example, Tesla had previously incorporated our ADAS solutions in their vehicles but transitioned to their own in-house ADAS solutions in 2017. Further, in the third quarter of 2024, Zeekr announced their decision to utilize their in-house system instead of SuperVision™ for at least a major portion of production for their 001 model going forward. Mercedes-Benz is also employing its own in-house solutions, with others such as NIO, Volvo Cars, and Xpeng Motors also pursuing in-house solutions for portions of the ADAS software stack. In addition, our Tier 1 customers may be developing or may in the future develop competing solutions.
Tier 1 automotive supplier competitors include Bosch, Continental, and Denso. Our competitors in the silicon provider category include Ambarella, Advanced Micro Devices, Arriver / Qualcomm, Black Sesame Technologies, Horizon Robotics, Huawei, NVIDIA, NXP, Renesas Electronics, and Texas Instruments. Our competitors in the software-only category include StradVision, Autobrains and Wayve.
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Additional competitors that could emerge include large technology companies that are resource rich and able to deploy such resources to compete, as well as companies that are able to develop products that may not require the massive datasets upon which our technologies currently rely while still achieving the same effectiveness of algorithms.
In the autonomous driving market, including AMaaS and consumer AV, we face competition from technology companies, internal development teams from the automakers themselves, sometimes in combination with investments in early-stage autonomous vehicle technology companies, Tier 1 automotive suppliers, and robotaxi providers. AMaaS competitors include Cruise, Tesla, Motional, Waymo, NVIDIA, Yandex and Zoox in the United States and Europe and Auto X, Baidu, Deeproute.ai, Didi Chuxing, Momenta, Pony.ai and WeRide in China. Consumer AV competitors include Sony, and Tesla, who are developing self-driving vehicles for consumers. Further, we face competition regarding the development of our Next Generation EyeQ™ chips from emerging chip manufacturers in markets such as China and our OEMs entering into the chip manufacturing space.
Competition in the humanoid and Physical AI robotics market is intense and rapidly evolving, with a growing number of well-capitalized companies developing general-purpose bipedal robots and related autonomy stacks for industrial and warehouse use. Mobileye and Mentee face competition from other humanoid robotics developers such as Tesla, Figure AI, Sanctuary AI, PAL Robotics, Agility Robotics and Boston Dynamics (of which HKMC holds an 80% beneficial ownership interest), as well as additional emerging players (including a number of Chinese robotics companies) seeking to commercialize similar capabilities.
Moovit competes against urban mobility applications and MaaS solutions, which provide transportation services and navigation data to consumers. Moovit’s free and subscription-based application competition includes Alphabet, Apple, Citymapper and Transit. Moovit’s application also competes with local urban and inter-city ticketing service providers that provide purchase and ticketing of public transit and mobility services on their own platform. See “Item 1.Business — Our Competition.”
We have previously experienced constraints in the supply of our EyeQ ™ SoCs as the result of the global semiconductor shortage during 2021 and 2022, and future shortages in the supply of our EyeQ ™ SoCs or other critical parts would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In 2021 and 2022, the semiconductor industry experienced widespread shortages of substrates and other components and available foundry manufacturing capacity. These factors, combined with the long lead times associated with wafer production, contributed to a shortage of semiconductors. During 2021 and 2022, STMicroelectronics, our sole supplier of EyeQ™ SoCs, was not able to meet our demand for EyeQ™ SoCs, causing a significant reduction in our inventory level, and we entered 2022 with significantly lower inventories of our EyeQ™ SoCs as a result of the limited supply during 2021. Starting in late 2022 and early 2023, such supply chain disruptions, raw material shortages and manufacturing limitations abated and during 2023, we successfully increased levels of EyeQ™ SoC inventory on hand, mitigating the potential for future supply constraints to cause a shortfall. However, in the event of a reoccurrence of supply chain constraints, and subject to the duration and severity thereof, we may be required to operate with minimal or no inventory of EyeQ™ SoCs or ECUs (including for Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™, and Mobileye Drive™) on hand. As a result, we are substantially reliant on timely shipments of EyeQ™ SoCs from STMicroelectronics (or other suppliers) and ECUs from Quanta Computer (or other suppliers) to fulfill customer orders and if such a of chips or ECUs were to occur, we may be to offset future supply constraints through the use of inventory on hand. Since our EyeQ™ SoC is the core of our ADAS and autonomous driving solutions, continued, acute in the supply of sufficient EyeQ™ SoCs to meet our production needs would our ability to meet our customers’ requirements in a timely manner, and would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition potentially in an manner.
Moreover, the reoccurrence of global semiconductor shortages could constrain production and cause production delays by automakers, which could then result in reduced or delayed demand for our solutions. In addition, any event, including for example the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 through 2022, causing, or leading to, port congestion, intermittent supplier shutdowns, and/or delays in the delivery of critical components, could result in additional expenses to expedite delivery of critical parts. Sustaining the proliferation of our solutions will require the readiness and solvency of our suppliers and vendors, a stable and motivated workforce, and ongoing government cooperation, including for travel and visa allowances, which many governments previously restricted in connection with efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate supply chain constraints, we monitor inventory levels on an on-going basis and may further build up inventories of EyeQ™ SoCs. Accumulating such additional inventories could require substantial amounts of capital and may us to risks regarding the of such chips.
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We depend on STMicroelectronics to manufacture our EyeQ ™ SoCs.
We currently purchase all of our EyeQ™ SoCs from STMicroelectronics. Because of the complex proprietary nature of our EyeQ™ SoCs, any transition from STMicroelectronics to a new supplier or, if there were a disaster at any of STMicroelectronics’ facilities involved in manufacturing our EyeQ™ SoCs, bringing new facilities online, would take a significant period of time to complete and would likely result in our having insufficient inventory and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, our contractual relationship with STMicroelectronics does not provide us with long-term pricing or quantity guarantees, and both we and STMicroelectronics are free to terminate the arrangement at any time. Further, we are vulnerable to the risk that STMicroelectronics may be unable to meet demand for our EyeQ™ SoCs or cease operations altogether. Moreover, certain critical manufacturing steps for EyeQ™ SoCs, including wafer fabrication and advanced packaging, are performed by a limited number of suppliers, including TSMC. Any interruptions or in these manufacturing steps due to capacity constraints, equipment or geopolitical issues could significantly affect STMicroelectronics’s ability to manufacture and deliver EyeQ™ SoCs on time, impacting our operations and customer relationships. STMicroelectronics depends on TSMC as its subcontractor to manufacture our EyeQ™ SoCs, particularly our EyeQ™5 and EyeQ™ 6 SoCs, and as a result, we are also to the risk that TSMC may be to meet demand or operations altogether. In addition, we may be affected by supply constraints and increased costs involving STMicroelectronics and TSMC resulting from any reoccurrence of the global semiconductor . See “— We have previously experienced constraints in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs as the result of the global semiconductor during 2021 and 2022, and future in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs or other parts would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.”
TSMC is located in Taiwan, and our ability to receive sufficient supplies of our EyeQ™ SoCs could be adversely affected by events in Taiwan, China and the broader region, such as natural disasters in Taiwan, including earthquakes, drought and typhoons, escalations of tensions between the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan, including resulting from the People’s Republic of China’s step up of military exercises around Taiwan, political unrest, trade restrictions, war, or other geopolitical issues. These same factors may also adversely affect the global supply of microchips and cause additional constraints on global automotive production.
We face additional supply chain risks and risks of interruption of requisite services, including, as a result of our reliance on a single supplier or limited suppliers and vendors, for certain components, equipment, and services.
A large number of direct and indirect suppliers and vendors provide materials, equipment, and services that are used in the production of our solutions and other aspects of our business. Where possible, we seek to have several sources of supply, and to ensure our suppliers and vendors have multiple sources of supply as well. However, for certain materials, equipment, and services, we, and/or our suppliers and vendors, rely on a single or a limited number of direct and indirect suppliers and vendors, or upon direct and indirect suppliers and vendors in a single location, for example STMicroelectronics and TSMC. In addition, direct and indirect supplier and vendor consolidation, financial health or business failures can impact the nature, quality, availability, and pricing of the products and services available to us. For example, we currently depend on Amazon Web Services for cloud services in connection with our REM™ mapping system, Roadbook™, and AMaaS solutions including the Moovit platform, and a failure of such cloud services would result in interruptions to our services. In addition, the semiconductor industry has previously experienced widespread shortages of substrates. See “— We have previously experienced constraints in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs as the result of the global semiconductor shortage during 2021 and 2022, and future in the supply of our EyeQ™ SoCs or other parts would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition” and “— We depend on STMicroelectronics to manufacture our EyeQ™ SoCs.” Further, in 2025 and in 2026 the global AI industry has generated increased demand for semiconductor components across multiple industries, including components necessary for the production of our solutions, such as EyeQ™ SoCs and ECUs for Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™ and Mobileye Drive™. This new demand has resulted in and may continue to result in of components necessary for our solutions, substantial increases in prices for such components and suppliers requiring us to increase lead times and purchase quantities of such components in advance in order to secure sufficient supply. Such of components, as well as the increases in pricing, order requirements and lead times, has and may continue to impact our ability to supply solutions to our customers in order to meet demand as well as impact OEMs’ ability to purchase our solutions.
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Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers and vendors is often a lengthy process and can lead to production delays, interruptions to our services, or additional costs, and such alternatives are sometimes not available at all. The inability of suppliers or vendors to deliver necessary production materials, equipment, or services can disrupt the production processes of our solutions and make it more difficult for us to implement our business strategy. Suppliers and vendors periodically extend lead times, face capacity constraints, limit supplies, increase prices, experience quality issues, face equipment failures, experience financial instability or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can interrupt or increase the cost of our supply and services. Production of our solutions can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases, and other materials. The unavailability or reduced availability of materials or resources would require us to reduce production or incur additional costs, which would our business and results of operations.
We also rely on third-party providers to manufacture, assemble, and test certain components and products. From time to time, these third parties are unable to perform these services on a timely or cost-effective basis, in sufficient volumes, or at all. In some cases, there are limited or no readily available satisfactory alternate providers. In any of these circumstances, we can encounter supply delays or disruptions or incur additional costs that could prevent us from meeting customer demand and/or adversely affect our business and financial results. We typically have less control over delivery schedules, design and manufacturing co-optimization, manufacturing yields, quality, product quantities, and costs for components and products that are manufactured or supplied by third parties. Delays or quality issues with one component could limit our ability to manufacture the entire completed product.
Moreover, increased regulation or stakeholder expectations regarding responsible sourcing practices could cause our compliance costs to increase, or result in publicity that negatively affects our reputation. Moreover, given that we use several materials and services and rely on several suppliers and vendors, but do not directly control the procurement or employment practices of such suppliers and vendors, we could be subject to financial or reputational risks as a result of our suppliers’ and vendors’ conduct. To the extent we are unable to manage these risks, our ability to timely supply competitive solutions will be harmed, our costs will increase, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Increases in costs of the materials and other components that we use in our solutions would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Significant changes in the markets in which we purchase materials, components, and supplies for the production of our solutions may adversely affect our profitability. Our contractual relationship with STMicroelectronics, our sole supplier of EyeQ™ SoCs, and with other suppliers does not provide us with long-term pricing or quantity guarantees. As a result of the global semiconductor shortage in 2021 and 2022 as well as inflationary pressures, we have experienced and may experience in the future increases in the cost of our EyeQ™ SoCs. For example, the AI industry has generated significant demand for components necessary for the production of our solutions and has resulted in shortages, excess lead times and increases in the prices of components. See “— We face additional supply chain risks and risks of interruption of requisite services, including, as a result of our reliance on a single supplier or limited suppliers and vendors, for certain components, equipment, and services.” We have adjusted, and continue to seek to adjust, the prices charged to our customers to offset these cost increases, but anticipate that, despite such price increases, our percentage gross margin may decrease, at least in the short term, as a result of these cost increases. Competitive and market pressures limit our ability to recover increases in costs through increases in prices we charge to our customers, and, even where we are to price increases that would offset such increased costs, in some cases there may be a before we are to do so. The to pass on price increases to our customers when raw material or component prices increase rapidly or are significantly higher than historic levels would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, the prices of our solutions depend on the bundle of applications that are included in the specific product, and our prices vary significantly across our solutions. Our solutions have different margin profiles, which vary between solutions depending on the amount, number, and type of components that we deliver. If we fail to maintain our solutions mix or maintain our gross margin and operating margin, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
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Our business may suffer from claims or incur losses relating to, among other things, actual or alleged defects in our solutions, or if our solutions actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected, and publicity related to these claims could harm our reputation and decrease demand for our solutions or increase regulatory scrutiny of our solutions.
Our software and hardware, including our EyeQ™ SoCs, AI technologies and Mentee Robotics’s humanoid robot systems, are complex and, from time to time, have had, and could have or could be alleged to have, defects in design or manufacturing, inadequate, inaccurate, biased or otherwise flawed data or algorithms used to train certain AI technologies, security vulnerabilities or other errors, failures, or other issues of not functioning in accordance with their specifications or as expected. Some errors or defects in our solutions have been, and could be, initially undetected and only discovered after they have been tested, commercialized, and deployed by customers. Alleged or actual defects in any of our solutions could result in adverse publicity for us, warranty , us, legal expenses and , our customers never being to commercialize technology incorporating our solutions, publicity for our customers, and other consequences. , , or security could result in to or death of the end users of vehicles incorporating our solutions, or those in the surrounding area, including as a result of traffic and . If that is the case, we would incur significant additional development costs and product , repair, or replacement costs.
If any of our solutions are or are alleged to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall involving such solutions. Each vehicle manufacturer has its own practices regarding product recalls and other product liability actions relating to its suppliers. However, as suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process, OEMs may look to their direct and indirect suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. OEMs also require their suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties.
Depending on the terms under which we supply products to a Tier 1 customer or an OEM, vehicle manufacturers have held and may attempt to hold us responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of defective products under new vehicle warranties when the OEM asserts that the solution supplied did not perform as warranted. Our potential liability may increase to the extent that OEMs increasingly purchase our products directly, as opposed to incorporating our solutions through indirect purchases from our Tier 1 customers. Although we regularly evaluate the level of our reserves for warranty claims and adjust them when appropriate, final amounts determined to be due in respect of warranty claims could differ materially from our recorded estimates. Product liability, warranty, and recall costs would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, product liability claims present the risk of protracted litigation, legal fees, and diversion of management’s attention from the operation of our business, even if our defense of these is ultimately .
While STMicroelectronics is responsible for quality control and procedures for testing and manufacturing our EyeQ™ SoCs to our specifications, we retain liability for failure in production caused by defective EyeQ™ SoC design or error. Further, although we use disclaimers, limitations of liability, and similar provisions in our agreements, there is no assurance that any or all of these provisions will prove to be effective barriers to product liability claims with respect to our products.
In addition, although we currently maintain casualty insurance, there is no assurance that such insurance will be adequate to cover any or all of our potential losses, including due to large deductibles and broad exclusions. Our insurers may also discontinue our insurance coverage or be unable or unwilling to pay a claim, and we may be unable to find replacement insurance on acceptable terms, or at all. In respect of the commercialization of our solutions, including Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™ and Mobileye Drive™, adequate insurance coverage may be partially or entirely unavailable to cover the associated risks, for which specialized insurance may be required. Losses not covered by insurance may be large, which could harm our results of operations and financial condition.
Furthermore, the automotive industry in general is subject to significant litigation claims due to the potentially severe consequences of traffic collisions or other accidents. As a provider of solutions related to, among other things, preventing traffic collisions and other accidents, we could be subject to litigation for traffic collisions or other accidents, even if our solutions or their features or the failure thereof did not cause any particular traffic collision or accident. Our technology has been involved, and we expect in the future will be involved, in accidents resulting in death or personal injury, and such where our solutions or their features are involved may be the subject of significant public attention. There also remains significant uncertainty in the legal implications to providers of emerging ADAS and autonomous driving technologies of traffic or other involving such technologies, particularly given variations in legal and regulatory regimes that are emerging in different jurisdictions, and we may become liable for that exceed the current industry norms as the regulatory and legal landscape develops. In addition, because ADAS and autonomous driving technologies rely on products and services provided by third parties, there is the potential that the of such third-party products or
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services that affect the performance of EyeQ™ SoCs, notwithstanding the absence of any defect in design or manufacture or other failure in EyeQ™ SoCs themselves, could result in additional claims being made against us.
In addition, humanoid robotics is an emerging industry and the types of legal claims brought against us, if any, may be complex and unprecedented. We may be required to incur significant costs and resources related to any litigation related to the use of humanoid robot systems as we continue the development and deployment of technologies.
Publicity regarding claims involving our solutions can also have an adverse effect on our reputation and the reputation for ADAS and autonomous driving solutions, which could decrease consumer demand for vehicles incorporating these technologies. Further, enhanced publicity surrounding such claims may also increase the regulatory scrutiny of our platforms, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete our business plans.
We invest significant effort and money seeking OEM selection of our ADAS and autonomous driving solutions, and there can be no assurance that these efforts will result in the selection of our solutions for use in production models. If we fail to achieve a design win after incurring substantial expenditures in these efforts, our future business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We invest significant effort and money from the time of our initial contact with an OEM to the time when the OEM chooses our technology for ADAS or autonomous driving applications to be incorporated into one or more specific vehicle models to be produced by the OEM. This selection process is known as a “design win.” We could expend significant resources pursuing, but fail to achieve, a design win. After a design win, it is typically difficult for a product or technology that did not receive the design win to displace the winner until the OEM issues a new request for quotation because an OEM will generally not change complex technology already integrated in its systems until a vehicle model is revamped. In addition, the firm with the winning design may have an advantage with the OEM going forward because of the established relationship between the winning firm and the OEM, which would make it more for that firm’s competitors to the designs for other production models. If we to a significant number of OEM design competitions in the future, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be affected. We typically sell our products to Tier 1 suppliers, but increasingly engage directly with OEMs, particularly with respect to our advanced product portfolio, which adds complexity to the sourcing and contracting process for us, and could our resources.
There is no guarantee that our customers will purchase our solutions in any certain quantity or at any certain price even after we achieve design wins, and there may be significant delays between the time we achieve a design win until we realize revenue from the vehicle model.
We generally do not have contracts with customers that require them to purchase our solutions in any certain quantity or at any certain price, and our sales could be less than we forecast if a vehicle model for which we achieved a design win is unsuccessful, including for reasons unrelated to our solutions, if an OEM decides to discontinue or reduce production of a vehicle model or of the use of our solutions in a vehicle model, or if we face downward pricing pressure. As a result, achieving design wins is not a guarantee of revenue, and our sales may not correlate with the achievement of additional design wins. For example, in the third quarter of 2024, Zeekr announced their decision to utilize their in-house system instead of SuperVision™ for at least a major portion of production for their 001 model going forward. Moreover, pricing estimates are made at the time of a request for quotation by an OEM, so that worsening market or other conditions between the time of a request for quotation and an order for our solutions may require us to sell our solutions for a lower price than we initially expected. Due to the global material in 2021 and 2022, we worked with our customers to ensure they commit to certain volumes on an annual basis in order to secure quantities. In 2023, we returned to our pre-global material practice of having customers commit to certain volumes on a quarterly or shorter basis. However, we have not committed to supply such volumes and the volumes we supply will depend upon market conditions. We may also face pricing pressures from our customers as a result of their , consolidation, and cost-cutting initiatives or as a result of increased competition. As a particular solution matures and unit volumes increase, we also generally expect its average selling price (“ASP”) to . In addition, there are generally step-downs in pricing over periods of production as volumes ramp up. If we are to generate sufficient production cost savings or introduce solutions with additional features and functionality at higher price points to offset price reductions, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be affected.
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Furthermore, our solutions are technologically complex, incorporate many technological innovations, and are typically subject to significant safety testing, and OEMs generally must make significant commitments of resources to test and validate our solutions before including them in any particular vehicle model. The integration cycles of our solutions with new OEMs are approximately one to three years after a design win, depending on the OEM and the complexity of the solution. These integration cycles result in our investment of resources prior to realizing any revenue from a vehicle model. An OEM may choose to cancel production of the vehicle model for which we achieved the design win or cancel or postpone the vehicle model. Our ADAS and autonomous driving solutions control various vehicle functions including engine, transmission, safety, steering, navigation, acceleration, and braking and therefore must be integrated effectively with the other systems of the vehicle developed by the OEM, our Tier 1 customers, and other suppliers, and we may be unable to achieve the requisite level of interoperability in a vehicle model for our solutions to be implemented even after a design .
In connection with our design wins, we typically receive preliminary estimates from OEMs of their anticipated production volumes for the models relating to those design wins. Those estimates may be revised significantly by the OEMs, potentially multiple times, and may not be representative of future production volumes associated with those design wins, which could be significantly higher or lower than estimated. For example, several automakers decreased their initial 2023 vehicle production projections, and we had to adjust our forecasts accordingly. Furthermore, long development cycles or vehicle model cancellations or postponements would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, in prior periods, including during the global semi-conductor shortage in 2021 and 2022, certain Tier 1 customers increased their orders for components and parts, including our solutions, to counteract the impact of supply chain shortages for auto parts, and we expect following the abatement of such shortages, these Tier 1 customers in turn will utilize such accrued inventory on hand before placing new orders to meet the demand of OEMs in current or future periods. As a result, some demand for our solutions and the corresponding revenue from these customers were shifted to earlier time periods than otherwise would have occurred absent a general supply chain and inflationary environment during prior periods. For example, as a result of our standard planning process for 2024, we became aware in 2023 that our Tier 1 customers accrued significant excess inventory during 2021 and 2022 in a desire to avoid parts , and in 2023 as a result of lower-than-expected production at certain OEMs. We estimate that our customers used the vast majority of this excess, accrued inventory in 2024 in accordance with our expectations, but there is no guarantee that orders will remain normalized or that our customers won’t build up excess inventory in the future. In addition, the AI industry has generated significant demand for components necessary for the production of our solutions. Such component and resulting price increases may cause our Tier 1 customers and OEM customers to increase their orders for our solutions to counteract any impact such component may have on our ability to meet demand. As a result, some demand for our solutions and the corresponding revenue from these customers may be shifted to earlier time periods than otherwise would have occurred absent such . See “— We face additional supply chain risks and risks of of requisite services, including, as a result of our reliance on a single supplier or limited suppliers and vendors, for certain components, equipment, and services.”
We depend on a limited number of Tier 1 customers and OEMs for a substantial portion of our revenue, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in sales to, one or more of our major Tier 1 customers and/or the discontinued incorporation of our solutions by one or more major OEMs in their vehicle models would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We supply OEMs with the EyeQ™ platform directly or through our arrangements with automotive system integrators, known as Tier 1 automotive suppliers, which are direct suppliers to OEMs. In 2025, our three largest Tier 1 customers, which were ZF, Valeo, and Aptiv, accounted for 30%, 17%, and 15%, respectively, of our revenue, compared to 27%, 20%, and 14%, respectively, in 2024. Moreover, in 2025, 17%, 12%, 11%, and 11% of our revenue was derived from the incorporation of our solutions into the vehicle models of four OEMs and a total of 82% of our revenue was derived from the incorporation of our solutions into the vehicle models of eight OEMs (including those four) through our Tier 1 customers. We have not executed written agreements with these Tier 1 customers but rather provide our solutions to such customers pursuant to standard purchase orders under our general terms and conditions, pursuant to which they are generally not obligated to purchase our solutions in any certain quantity or at any certain price. See “— There is no guarantee that our customers will purchase our solutions in any certain quantity or at any certain price even after we achieve design wins, and there may be significant delays between the time we achieve a design win until we realize revenue from the vehicle model.” Notwithstanding the foregoing, as a result of global shortages, some of our customers, including our top three Tier 1 customers, committed to purchasing minimum quantities of certain solutions in 2023. However, with the abatement of global , our customers have generally reverted to our customary practice of committing to purchase quantities of our solutions on a quarterly or shorter basis.
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We believe our business, results of operations, and financial condition for the foreseeable future will likely continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of Tier 1 customers and the incorporation of our solutions by a relatively small number of OEMs in their vehicle models. In the future, our current Tier 1 customers may decide not to purchase our solutions, may purchase fewer of our solutions than they did in the past, or may alter their purchasing patterns, and OEMs may discontinue incorporation of our solutions in their vehicle models, including as a result of a transition to in-house solutions or solutions provided by our competitors, or their individual or aggregate production levels may decline due to a number of factors, including supply chain challenges and macroeconomic conditions. Further, the amount of revenue attributable to any single Tier 1 customer, or our Tier 1 customer concentration generally, may fluctuate in any given period. Our customers and the OEMs that incorporate our solutions may not perform as well as the automotive market as a whole, which in turn could impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition relative to the industry. The loss of one or more key Tier 1 customers, a reduction in sales to any key Tier 1 customer, the discontinued or decreased incorporation of our solutions by a key OEM, or our to attract new significant Tier 1 customers and OEMs would impact our revenue and affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The success of our AMaaS and robotaxi solutions will depend on their effective deployment and operation by third parties, and may be adversely affected by regulatory developments, safety incidents, negative media coverage or public perception.
Our AMaaS and robotaxi strategy is primarily focused on enabling third parties, such as vehicle manufacturers, fleet operators, transportation network companies and other mobility service providers to deploy and operate autonomous vehicles using our technology, including Mobileye Drive™. As a result, the success of our AMaaS directed solutions will depend significantly on the ability and willingness of these third parties to integrate our technology into their vehicles and platforms, make substantial upfront and ongoing investments, obtain and maintain regulatory approvals, deploy and operate fleets safely and reliably, and achieve sufficient utilization and consumer acceptance. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and any failure, delay or change in strategy by our partners could limit the scale, timing or commercial viability of robotaxi deployments and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are collaborating with various business-to-business and business-to-consumer channels for the purpose of deploying Mobileye Drive™. As part of our business-to-business go-to-market strategy, we expect to sell and integrate Mobileye Drive™ to a range of shuttle network operators and vehicle OEMs that intend to operate consumer-facing AMaaS, transportation on demand, and delivery services. Additionally, as part of our business-to-customer go-to-market strategy, we expect to deploy Mobileye Drive™- AMaaS offerings by integrating them with our self-driving vehicles in partnership with transportation network companies. Such third parties may also our partnerships with them. Any by third parties to effectively deploy and operate our AMaaS solutions, or the of our relationships with any such third parties, would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our reliance on third-party partners for robotaxi deployments exposes us to risks associated with complex and evolving commercial relationships, including disagreements regarding deployment schedules, operational responsibilities, economics, branding, data access and use, liability allocation, and the allocation of costs associated with vehicle hardware, software updates, maintenance and fleet operations. Our partners may also face their own operational, financial or strategic challenges, may decide to delay, reduce or discontinue their autonomous mobility programs, may pursue competing technologies or in-house solutions, or may exit certain markets or geographies, any of which could adversely affect demand for our technology and our ability to achieve anticipated benefits from our AMaaS and robotaxi initiatives.
Robotaxi services represent a particularly demanding application of autonomous driving technology and are subject to heightened technological, safety, regulatory and operational risks compared to driver-assistance or consumer autonomous driving applications. Autonomous vehicles intended for driverless commercial operation must function reliably across diverse and complex real-world conditions, including dense urban environments, variable weather, unpredictable behavior by other road users and rare or novel edge cases. Any real or perceived failure of vehicles incorporating our technology to operate safely could result in accidents, injuries or fatalities, increased regulatory scrutiny, litigation, reputational harm, reduced consumer acceptance and reluctance by partners or regulators to approve or expand robotaxi deployments.
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In addition, the success of our robotaxi platform and future autonomous mobility products may be significantly influenced by media coverage, public commentary and public perception regarding autonomous driving technologies generally, and robotaxi services in particular. Media coverage of accidents, system failures, regulatory actions or other events involving autonomous vehicles, whether or not such events involve our technology or accurately reflect its performance, may disproportionately influence public opinion, regulatory attitudes and the willingness of consumers, fleet operators and transportation network companies and other mobility service providers to adopt or expand robotaxi services. Negative or inaccurate media coverage, heightened scrutiny by regulators or policymakers, or shifts in public sentiment regarding the safety or reliability of autonomous vehicles could adversely affect demand for our products, delay commercialization efforts and impair the long-term adoption of our autonomous mobility solutions.
Robotaxi services are also subject to evolving, fragmented and jurisdiction-specific regulatory regimes governing autonomous vehicle testing and deployment, commercial transportation services, data privacy, cybersecurity, insurance and ongoing reporting obligations. Regulatory requirements may change over time, differ materially across jurisdictions and impose conditions that limit operational flexibility, increase costs or delay or prevent large-scale deployment. There can be no assurance that the regulatory approvals required for the widespread commercialization of robotaxi services will be obtained on a timely basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Developing RoadBook ™ depends on continued cooperation by OEMs.
The success of our Cloud-Enhanced ADAS TM , Mobileye Surround ADAS™, Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™ and Mobileye Drive™ systems requires significant amounts of fresh mapping data from series production vehicles around the world in order to develop RoadBook™. We currently have agreements in place that provide OEMs with economic benefits or technological advantages to provide us with data arriving from OEM series production vehicles, but there is no guarantee that we can keep such agreements in place or that OEMs will continue to cooperate with us. If we are not able to obtain mapping data for RoadBook™, our Cloud-Enhanced ADAS™, Mobileye Surround ADAS™, Mobileye SuperVision™, Mobileye Chauffeur™ and Mobileye Drive™ systems will not perform as expected, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are highly dependent on the services of Professor Amnon Shashua, our President and Chief Executive Officer.
We are highly dependent on Professor Shashua, our President and Chief Executive Officer. While Professor Shashua is highly active in our management and allocates a significant amount of time to our company, he does not devote his full time and attention to our company. For example, Professor Shashua is also the Chairman and co-founder of AI21 Labs, which works to use AI to understand and create natural language, the Co-Chairman and co-founder of OrCam, which harnesses computer vision and AI to assist the visually and hearing impaired, the Founder of One Zero Digital Bank, an entirely digital independent bank being developed in Israel, the Chairman and co-founder of Mentee Robotics, which Mobileye acquired on February 3, 2026, a co-founder, CEO and director of AA-I Technologies, which is developing AI super intelligence for scientific and research applications, and the Sachs Chair in Computer Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he teaches and supervises graduate students. Professor Shashua may also become involved in additional ventures from time to time. The loss of Professor Shashua, or a significant diminution in his contribution to us, would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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If we are unable to attract, retain, and motivate key employees, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Hiring and retaining qualified executives, developers, engineers, technical staff, and sales representatives are critical to our business. The competition for highly skilled employees in our industry is increasingly intense. Competitors for technical talent increasingly seek to hire our employees. Changes in the interpretation and application of employment-related laws to our workforce practices may also result in increased operating costs and less flexibility in how we meet our changing workforce needs. To help attract, retain, and motivate qualified employees, we have previously used and intend to continue to use employee incentives such as share-based awards. Our employee hiring and retention also depend on our ability to build and maintain a diverse and inclusive workplace culture and be viewed as an employer of choice. If our share-based or other compensation programs and workplace culture cease to be viewed as competitive, our ability to attract, retain, and motivate employees would be weakened, which would harm our results of operations. Equity compensation has been, and will continue to be, an important part of our future compensation strategy and a significant component of our future expenses, which we expect to increase over time. Moreover, sustained declines in our stock price can reduce the retention value of our share-based awards. Further, with our acquisition of the Mentee business in the first quarter of 2026, we approximately 87 new employees, including employees important to the ongoing integration of the business and technologies. We may have to spend additional resources to integrate and retain such employees. If we do not effectively hire, onboard, retain, and motivate key employees, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be affected.
Changes in our management team can also disrupt our business. Our management and senior leadership team has significant industry experience, and their knowledge and relationships would be difficult to replace. Further, Professor Amnon Shashua, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Professor Shai Shalev-Shwartz, our Chief Technology Officer, are both prominent in the computer science, AI and technology communities, especially in Israel. Their service at Mobileye is an important contribution to our ability to attract, retain and motivate key talent. Leadership changes may occur from time to time, and we cannot predict whether significant resignations will occur or whether we will be able to recruit qualified personnel. In addition, the relationships and reputation that members of our management and key leadership have established and maintain with our Tier 1 customers and OEMs contribute to our ability to maintain strong relationships with key partners and to identify new business opportunities.
We face integration risks and costs associated with companies, assets, employees, products, and technologies that we have or that we may acquire, including in respect of our acquisition of Mentee Robotics Ltd.
We have in the past and, if we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may in the future acquire or make investments in complementary companies, assets, employees, products, and technologies. We face risks, uncertainties, and disruptions associated with the integration process of any such acquisitions or investments, including difficulties in the integration of the operations of an acquired company, integration of acquired technology with our solutions, diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns, the potential loss of key employees or customers of the acquired business, and our inability to achieve the strategic goals of such acquisitions and investments. Any failure to successfully integrate other companies, assets, employees, products, or technologies that we have or may acquire will adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Furthermore, we may have to incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any future acquisitions or investments, the issuance of which could be dilutive to our existing stockholders.
On February 3, 2026, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding stock of Mentee Robotics Ltd., a privately held Israeli company focused on humanoid robotics, in exchange for a purchase price consisting of cash and shares of Class A common stock. We face risks, uncertainties and potential disruptions with the integration of Mentee Robotics and its personnel, technology and operations. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. Humanoid robotics represents a nascent and rapidly evolving market characterized by significant technological complexity, long development timelines, potentially high capital requirements, uncertain customer demand, and evolving regulatory and safety frameworks. The commercialization of humanoid robotics remains subject to significant uncertainties, including regulatory approval across jurisdictions, public acceptance, safety performance, scalability and economic viability.
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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
A majority of our operating expenses are for research and development activities. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:
technological advancements;
market acceptance of our solutions and solution enhancements, and the overall level of sales of our solutions;
research and development expenses;
our relationships with our customers and suppliers;
our ability to control costs;
sales and marketing expenses;
enhancements to our infrastructure and systems and any capital improvements to our facilities;
potential acquisitions of businesses and product lines; and
general economic conditions, inflation, rising interest rates, and international conflicts and their impact on the automotive industry in particular.
If our capital requirements are materially different from those currently planned, we may need additional capital sooner than anticipated. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, our stockholders may be diluted. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, on a timely basis, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to continue our operations as planned, develop or enhance our solutions, expand our sales and marketing programs, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures.
We are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, including those in connection with prior inflationary trends in the United States.
We are exposed to adverse as well as beneficial movements in currency exchange rates. Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, and we incur financial expenses in connection with fluctuations in value due to foreign exchange differences between our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in New Israeli Shekels and, to a much lesser extent, the Euro, the Chinese Yuan and the Japanese Yen. Although most of our sales occur in U.S. dollars, and our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, the payroll and other operating expenses that are denominated in New Israeli Shekels are well above half of these expenses. An increase in the value of the dollar will increase the real cost to our customers of our solutions in those markets outside the U.S. where we sell in dollars. A decrease in the value of the dollar will increase the dollar value of operating expenses denominated in New Israeli Shekels, including for example the majority of our payroll expenses, as well as some of our utilities and capital expenditures. In 2024, the Company initiated a foreign currency cash flow hedging program, designed to hedge the Company’s foreign exchange rate risk resulting from its ILS payroll expenses, but there is no guarantee that volatility in exchange rates will not adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are a holding company.
We are a holding company. Accordingly, our ability to conduct our operations, service any debt that we may incur, and pay dividends, if any, is dependent upon the earnings from the business conducted by our subsidiaries. The distribution of those earnings or advances or other distributions of funds by our subsidiaries to us, as well as our receipt of such funds, are contingent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and are subject to various business considerations and applicable law, including the laws of Israel. If our subsidiaries are unable to make sufficient distributions or advances to us, or if there are limitations on our ability to receive such distributions or advances, we may not have the cash resources necessary to conduct our corporate operations, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Risks Related to Privacy, Data, and Cybersecurity
Interruptions to our information technology systems and networks and cybersecurity incidents could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We collect and maintain information in digital form that is necessary to conduct our business, and we rely on information technology systems and networks (“IT systems”) to process, transmit, and store electronic information, and to manage or support our business and consumer facing activities. Our operations routinely involve receiving, storing, processing, and transmitting confidential or sensitive information pertaining to our business, customers, suppliers, employees, and other sensitive matters, including trade secrets, other proprietary business information, and personal information. Although we have established physical, logical, electronic, and organizational measures designed to safeguard and secure our systems to prevent a data breach or compromise, and to prevent damage to or downtime of our systems, and although we rely on commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for our IT systems and the processing, transmission, and storage of digital information, we cannot guarantee that such measures will be adequate to detect, prevent, or mitigate cyber incidents. The implementation, maintenance, and improvement of these measures requires significant management time, support, and cost. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding, and updating current systems, including the of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain, and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory, procure parts or supplies, or produce, sell, deliver, and service our solutions, protect our intellectual property, or and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations, and contracts.
As third party and supply chain cybersecurity risks have become a heightened focus, we cannot be sure that the IT systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained, or expanded as planned. While cyberattacks against our third-party vendors or suppliers have not materially adversely affected us to date, future cyberattacks on such third parties may cause significant disruptions and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additionally, any contractual protections with such third parties, including our right to indemnification, if any at all, may be limited or insufficient to prevent a negative impact on our business from such cyberattacks. Despite the implementation of preventative and detective security controls, our and such third parties’ IT systems are vulnerable to damage, , or from a variety of sources, including telecommunications or network or , system , natural , cyber-, terrorism, and war. Additionally, our IT systems and products may be to acts by hackers, including through the use of AI and automation, which may increase the speed and effectiveness of attacks, and through the use of computer viruses, malware (including ransomware), phishing attacks, or of service attacks.
We regularly face attempts by others to gain unauthorized access, or to introduce malicious software, to our IT systems. Individuals or organizations, including malicious hackers, state-sponsored organizations, insider threats, including employees and third-party service providers, or intruders into our physical facilities, at times may attempt to gain unauthorized access to or corrupt our IT systems, products, or services. Due to the widespread use of our solutions, we are a target for computer hackers and organizations that intend to sabotage, take control of, or otherwise corrupt our processes, solutions, and services. We are also a target for malicious attackers who attempt to gain access to our network or data centers or those of our suppliers, customers, partners, or end users, steal proprietary information related to our business, products, employees, suppliers, and customers, our infrastructure, systems, and services or those of our suppliers, customers, or others, or demand ransom to return control of such systems and services. Such attempts are increasing in number and in technical sophistication, may see effectiveness through the use of AI, and if , may us and the affected parties to risk of or of confidential or other proprietary or commercially sensitive information, compromise personal information regarding users or employees, our business operations, and the security of our facilities. Our IT infrastructure also includes products and services provided by third parties, and these providers may experience of their systems and products that impact the security of our systems and our proprietary or confidential information.
We have experienced data breaches, cyberattacks, attempts to breach our systems, and other similar incidents, none of which have resulted in a material adverse impact to our business or operations, but there can be no guarantee we will not experience an incident that would have such an impact. Such incidents, whether or not successful, could result in our incurring significant costs related to, for example, rebuilding internal systems, writing down inventory value, implementing additional threat protection measures, providing modifications to our solutions, defending against litigation, responding to regulatory inquiries or actions, paying damages, providing customers with incentives to maintain the business relationship, or taking other remedial steps with respect to third parties, as well as reputational . Recent regulatory developments cybersecurity disclosure and reporting requirements, and may increase the likelihood that cybersecurity result in regulatory inquiries, reporting obligations, or enforcement actions. In addition, cybersecurity are constantly evolving, including through the use of AI, thereby increasing the of
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defending against them or implementing adequate preventative measures. As a result of and following the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work and remote access to our network and systems have increased significantly, which also increases our cybersecurity attack surface. There has also been an increase in cyberattack volume, frequency, and sophistication driven by the global enablement of remote workforces. We seek to detect and investigate unauthorized attempts and attacks against our network and solutions and to prevent their recurrence where practicable through changes to our internal processes and tools and changes or updates to our solutions. However, despite the implementation of preventative and detective security controls, we, and the third parties upon which we rely, remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown cybersecurity threats. In some instances, we, our suppliers, our customers, and end users, can be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. Even when a security is detected, the full extent of the may not be determined, and even if determined, a full may require time and resources. Any actual or perceived security could result in, among other things, publicity, governmental or regulatory and oversight, in marketing our services, by our customers that we have not performed our contractual obligations, by affected parties, including our customers, and possible financial obligations for related to the theft or of such information or inventory, any of which would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Security breaches and other disruptions of our in-vehicle systems and related data could impact the safety of our end users and reduce confidence in us and our solutions.
Our ADAS and autonomous driving systems contain complex information technology. These systems may affect the control of various vehicle functions including engine, transmission, safety, steering, navigation, acceleration, and braking. We have designed, implemented, and tested security and safety measures intended to prevent unauthorized access to these systems. However, hackers may attempt in the future to gain unauthorized access to modify, alter, and use such systems to gain control of, or to change, the functionality, user interface and performance characteristics of vehicles incorporating our solutions, or to gain access to data stored in or generated by the vehicle. In addition, as we transition to offering solutions that involve cloud-based solutions, including increased car connectivity and over-the-air updates, our solutions may increasingly be subject to cyber threats.
We also transmit and store RoadBook™ data on the cloud and operate MaaS connectivity infrastructure with Amazon Web Services, and we depend on Amazon Web Services for securing their underlying infrastructure for the data stored on it. Hackers may attempt to infiltrate, steal, corrupt, or manipulate such data on the cloud, which could also result in our in-vehicle systems malfunctioning.
Malicious cybersecurity attacks against our in-vehicle systems that relate to automotive safety and related data, such as the data described in the preceding sentence, could potentially lead to bodily injury or death of end users, passengers, and others. Any unauthorized access to or control of vehicles incorporating our solutions or their systems could adversely impact the safety of those vehicles or outside such vehicles, or result in legal or regulatory claims or proceedings, liability, or regulatory penalties. Moreover, existing as well as future laws and regulations that require or permit third-party access to vehicle data and related systems, such as the Massachusetts data access law and proposed federal “right to repair” legislation, including the U.S. Repair Act, could expose our vehicle systems and vehicles incorporating our systems to third-party access without appropriate security measures in place, leading to new safety and security risks, and reducing trust and confidence in our solutions. In addition, regardless of their accuracy, reports of access to our solutions, their systems, or data, as well as other factors that may result in the perception that our solutions, their systems, or data are capable of being hacked, could our reputation, and affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Failures or perceived failures to comply with privacy, data protection, and information security requirements, or theft, loss, or misuse of personal information about our employees, customers, end users, or other third parties, or other information, could increase our expenses, damage our reputation, or result in legal or regulatory proceedings.
The theft, loss, or misuse of personal information collected, used, stored, or transferred by us to run our business could result in significantly increased business and security costs or costs related to defending legal claims. For example, data collected by the camera of our solutions during the development cycle of a project may include personal information such as license plate numbers of other vehicles, facial features of pedestrians, appearance of individuals, GPS data, and geolocation data. We anticipate that our collection of such personal information may increase as a result of the future introduction of our MaaS solutions, including any integration of Moovit, which may provide us with access to personal information of its users, and it may increase as we enter into new or adjacent businesses. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect the security and integrity of our customers’ personal information, we may be required to expend significant resources to comply with data breach requirements if, for example, third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our customers, or we otherwise experience a data loss with respect to customers’ personal information. We may also be required to expend significant resources to a potential data . A major data or a major of our network
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security and systems may result in fines, penalties, and damages, harm our reputation, and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Data privacy is subject to frequently changing rules and regulations, which sometimes conflict among the various jurisdictions and countries in which we provide services. We are subject to a variety of local, state, national and international laws, directives, and regulations that apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, security, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data in the different jurisdictions in which we operate (“Data Protection Laws”). Any failure by us or our vendors or other business partners to comply with our public privacy notice or with U.S. federal, state, local, Israeli, Chinese, EU, or other foreign or international Data Protection Laws could result in regulatory or litigation-related actions against us, legal liability, fines, damages, ongoing audit requirements, and other significant costs. Global privacy legislation, enforcement, and policy activity in this area are rapidly expanding and creating a complex regulatory compliance environment. Because many Data Protection Laws are new or subject to recent revisions or updates, there is often little clarity as to their interpretation or best practices for compliance, as well as a lack of precedent for the scope of enforcement. In addition, as the EU AI Act phased application may classify certain AI systems used in the context of autonomous driving, mobility, and large-scale monitoring of public spaces as high-risk AI systems, the AI Act may trigger additional obligations related to data governance, , human oversight, risk management, and post-market monitoring.
Costs to comply with Data Protection Laws and implement appropriate privacy and data protection measures are significant, and may require us to change our business practices and compliance manners. Any noncompliance could adversely affect our ability to collect, analyze, and store data, expose us to significant monetary penalties, damage to our reputation, result in suspension of online services or sites in certain countries, and even result in criminal sanctions. Even our inadvertent failure to comply with Data Protection Laws could result in audits, regulatory inquiries, or proceedings against us by governmental entities or other third parties. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or data protection, or other information security-related concerns, including in each case in respect of our use of AI technologies (which are subject to increasing regulatory and, in certain jurisdictions, new compliance frameworks applicable to high-risk or large-scale AI deployments), even if , to negotiate privacy, data protection, or information security-related contractual terms with customers, or to comply and demonstrate compliance with Data Protection Laws, could result in additional cost and liability to us, our reputation and brand, and could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property Rights
We may not be able to adequately protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property rights, and our efforts to do so may be costly.
The success of our solutions and business depends in part on our ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights and to maintain adequate legal protection for our solutions in the United States and other international jurisdictions. If we are not able to adequately protect or enforce the proprietary aspects of our technology, competitors could be able to access our proprietary technology and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. We currently attempt to protect our technology through a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and similar means, all of which provide only limited protection. We have filed for patent and trademark registration in the United States, Israel and in certain other international jurisdictions. However, effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable in some countries where we operate or seek to enforce our intellectual property rights or more limited in foreign jurisdictions relative to those protections available in the United States, or may not be applied for in one or more relevant jurisdictions. Even if foreign patents are granted, enforcement in foreign countries may not be available.
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Our issued patents and trademarks and any pending or future patent and trademark applications that may result in issuances or registrations may not provide sufficiently broad protection or may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming, and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection. Failure to timely seek patent protection on products or technologies generally precludes us from seeking future patent protection on these products or technologies. Even if we do timely seek patent protection, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before a patent is issued, and its scope can be reinterpreted after issuance. As a result, we may not be able to protect our proprietary rights in the United States, Israel or elsewhere. to protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar products or services, potentially resulting in the of some of our competitive and a decrease in our revenue, which would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Despite our efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy, reverse engineer, disclose, obtain, or use our technologies or systems. Our competitors may also be able to independently develop similar products or services that are competitive to ours or design around our issued patents. If third parties obtain patent protection with respect to such technologies, they may assert that our technology infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates their patents and seek to charge us a licensing fee or otherwise preclude or make costlier the use of our technology. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to prevent unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our solutions, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to block the importation of infringing products into the United States or other countries. We have been, and in the future may be, a party to and as a result of , or other by third parties of our intellectual property. Even when we other parties for such , that suit may have consequences for our business. Any such suit is likely to be time-consuming and expensive to and may our management’s time and attention from our business, which could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, and legal fees related to such will increase our operating expenses and may reduce our net income (). Any we assert perceived infringers could these parties to assert us, that we , or otherwise their intellectual property or that our intellectual property is or unenforceable. Furthermore, any initiated by us could result in a court or governmental agency or rendering unenforceable our patents or other intellectual property rights upon which the suit is based, which could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, we depend on licenses for certain technologies from third parties and, as a result, are dependent on these third parties to protect, defend and enforce the intellectual property rights related to those technologies. This includes an agreement with Intel in which Intel grants to us a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, and worldwide license, sublicense, or other right, as applicable, under certain patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries and certain third parties, and further includes agreements we entered into with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO pursuant to which we are granted limited licenses from Intel for sensitive core technology relating to radar. See “— We depend on licenses for certain technologies from third parties, some of which require us to pay royalties, and our inability to use such technologies in the future would harm our ability to remain competitive” and “Risks Related to Our Relationship with Intel and Our Dual Class Structure — We may have conflicts of interest with Intel and, because of (i) certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation relating to related person transactions and corporate opportunities, (ii) agreements we have with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO, and (iii) Intel’s controlling ownership interest in our company, we may not be to such on terms to us.”
We have previously faced claims and may in the future become subject to additional claims and litigation brought by third parties alleging infringement. misappropriation or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights.
The industry in which our business operates is characterized by a large number of patents, some of which may be of questionable scope, validity, or enforceability, and some of which may appear to overlap with other issued patents. As a result, there is a significant amount of uncertainty in the industry regarding patent protection and infringement. In addition to these patents, participants in this industry typically also protect their technology, especially embedded software, through copyrights and trade secrets. In recent years, there has been significant litigation globally involving patents and other intellectual property rights.
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We have previously faced claims and may in the future be subject to additional claims and litigation alleging our infringement, misappropriation or other violation of third-party patent rights, trade secret rights or other intellectual property rights, including in respect of our use of certain AI technologies, particularly as a public company with an increased profile and visibility, and as we expand our presence in the market and to new use cases and face increasing competition. In addition, in the event that we recruit employees from other technology companies, including certain potential competitors, and these employees are used in the development of solutions that are similar to the solutions they were involved in developing for their former employers, we may become subject to claims that such employees have improperly used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information. We may also in the future be subject to claims by our suppliers, employees, consultants, or contractors asserting an ownership right in our patents or patent applications, as a result of the work they performed on our behalf. These and any resulting lawsuits, if resolved to us, could subject us to significant liability for , impose temporary or permanent our solutions or business operations or or render unenforceable our intellectual property. In addition, because patent applications can take many years until the patents issue, there may be applications now pending of which we are , which may later result in issued patents that our solutions may . If any of our solutions , or otherwise a third party’s patent rights, or if we wish to avoid potential intellectual property on any , or other relating to our solutions, we could be prevented from selling, or we could elect not to sell, such solutions unless we obtain additional intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty or other payments and may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Alternatively, we could be to redesign one or more of our solutions to avoid any or thereof. Procuring or developing substitute solutions that do not could require significant effort and expense, and we may not be in any attempt to redesign our solutions to avoid any .
A successful claim of infringement, misappropriation or other violation against us, or our failure or inability to develop and implement non-infringing technology, or license the infringed intellectual property rights, on acceptable terms and on a timely basis, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. A party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or obtain an injunction. An adverse determination also could invalidate our intellectual property rights and adversely affect our ability to offer our solutions to our customers. Additionally, we may face liability to our customers, business partners or third parties for indemnification or other remedies in the event that they are for , or other in connection with their use of our solutions. We currently have a number of agreements in effect pursuant to which we have agreed to , indemnify, and hold harmless our customers, suppliers and other business partners from and costs which may arise from the , or other by our solutions of third-party patents or other intellectual property rights. The scope of these indemnity obligations varies, but may, in some instances, include indemnification for and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. Furthermore, our defense of intellectual property rights brought us or our customers, business partners or other related third parties, regardless of our , would likely be time-consuming and expensive to and would management’s time and attention from our business, which could our business. A claim that our solutions , or otherwise a third party’s intellectual property rights, even if untrue, could affect our relationships with our customers or suppliers, may future customers from purchasing our solutions and could our reputation with our customers or suppliers, as well as our reputation in the industry at large.
We depend on licenses for certain technologies from third parties, some of which require us to pay royalties, and our inability to use such technologies in the future would harm our ability to remain competitive.
We integrate certain technologies developed and owned by third parties into our solutions, including the central processing unit cores of our EyeQ™ SoCs, through license and technology transfer agreements. Under these agreements, we are obligated to pay royalties for each unit of our solutions that we sell that incorporates such third-party technology. If we are unable to maintain our contractual relationships with the third-party licensors on which we depend, then we may not be able to find replacement technology to integrate into our solutions on a timely basis or for a similar royalty fee, in which case our business, results of operations, and financial condition would also be adversely affected.
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We also are party to an agreement with Intel in which (i) we grant to Intel a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, perpetual, irrevocable, sublicensable under certain circumstances, and worldwide license under patents and patent applications owned or controlled by us, and (ii) Intel grants to us a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, and worldwide license, sublicense, or other right, as applicable, under certain patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries and certain third parties, and we entered into agreements with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO in which we will have a limited license from Intel for sensitive core technology relating to radar. See “— Risks Related to Our Relationship with Intel and Our Dual Class Structure — We may have conflicts of interest with Intel and, because of (i) certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation relating to related person transactions and corporate opportunities, (ii) agreements we have with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO, and (iii) Intel’s controlling beneficial ownership interest in our company, we may not be able to resolve such conflicts on terms favorable to us.”
If we are unable to continue to use or license these technologies on reasonable terms, or if these technologies fail to operate properly, we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner or at all, and our ability to remain competitive would be harmed. In addition, if we are unable to successfully license technology from third parties to develop future solutions, we may not be able to develop such solutions in a timely manner or at all. The operation or security of our solutions could be impaired if errors or other defects occur in the third-party technologies we use, and it may be more difficult for us to correct any such errors and defects in a timely manner, if at all, because the development and maintenance of these technologies is not within our control. Any of the technologies or of our relationship with these third parties would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees that result in litigation, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
A significant portion of our intellectual property has been developed by our employees in the course of their employment for us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 5727-1967 (the “Patent Law”), inventions conceived by an employee in the course and as a result of his or her employment with a company are regarded as “service inventions” that belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer providing otherwise. The Patent Law also provides that, in the absence of an agreement to the contrary between an employer and an employee, the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee (the “Committee”), a body constituted under the Patent Law, will determine whether the employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her inventions. Further, the Committee has not yet determined one specific formula for calculating this remuneration but rather uses the criteria specified in the Patent Law. Although we enter into assignment-of-invention agreements with our employees and service providers pursuant to which such individuals waive their right to remuneration for service inventions, we may face claims demanding remuneration in consideration for assigned . As a consequence of such , we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current and/or former employees and service providers, or be to such , which would affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes, and know-how.
We rely on proprietary information (such as trade secrets, know-how, and confidential information) to protect intellectual property that may not be patentable and may not be subject to copyright, trademark, trade dress or service mark protection, or that we believe is best protected by means that do not require public disclosure. Such proprietary information may be owned by us or disclosed to us by our licensors, suppliers or other third parties. We generally seek to protect this proprietary information by entering into confidentiality agreements, or consulting, services or employment agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-use provisions with our employees, consultants, contractors, scientific advisors and other third parties. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement, misappropriation or other violation of our proprietary information, may be limited as to their term, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. We have limited control over the protection of trade secrets used by our third-party manufacturers and suppliers and could future trade secret protection if any disclosure of such information occurs. In addition, our proprietary information may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors or other third parties. To the extent that our employees, consultants, contractors, scientific advisors and other third parties use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, may arise as to the rights in or to related or resulting know-how and . and time-consuming could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and to obtain or maintain protection for our proprietary information could affect our competitive business position. Furthermore, laws regarding trade secret rights in certain markets where we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets.
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We also rely on physical and electronic security measures to protect our proprietary information, but we cannot provide assurance that these security measures will not be breached or provide adequate protection for our property. There is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary information to our competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to detect or prevent the unauthorized use of such information or take appropriate and timely steps to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. The theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident would affect our competitive position and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We use certain software and data governed by open-source licenses, which under certain circumstances could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Certain of our software and data, as well as that of our customers and vendors, may be derived from or otherwise incorporate so-called “open source” software and data that is generally made available to the public by its authors and/or other third parties. Some open-source software is made available under licenses that impose certain obligations on us regarding modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open-source software. These obligations may require us to make source code for the derivative works available to the public and/or license such derivative works under a particular type of license, rather than the forms of license we customarily use to protect our intellectual property. Additionally, if we combine our proprietary software with open-source software in certain manners we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software or to make our proprietary software available under open-source licenses to third parties at little or no cost or on unfavorable license terms. In the event that the copyright holder of, or other third party that distributes, open-source software alleges that we have not complied with the terms of an open-source license, we could incur significant legal costs defending ourselves against such allegations. If such are , we could be subject to significant , required to release the source code that we developed using that open-source software to the public, from distributing our software and/or required to take other actions that could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
While we take steps to monitor the use of open-source software in our solutions, processes and technology and try to ensure that no open-source software is used in such a way as to require us to disclose the source code to the related product, processes, or technology when we do not wish to do so, such use could inadvertently occur. Additionally, if a third-party software provider has incorporated certain types of open-source software into software we license from such third party for our solutions, processes, or technology, we could, under certain circumstances, be required to disclose the source code to our solutions, processes, or technology. This could harm our intellectual property position and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Further, the use of open-source software can lead to vulnerabilities that may make our software susceptible to attack, and although some open-source vendors provide warranty and support agreements, it is common for such software to be available “as is” with no warranty, indemnity, or support. Although we monitor our use of such open-source code to avoid subjecting our solutions to unintended conditions, such use, under certain circumstances, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results and cash flow, including if we are required to take remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts.
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Risks Related to Our Industry
An uncertain economic environment and inflationary conditions may adversely affect global vehicle production and demand for our solutions.
Our business depends on, and is directly affected by, the global automobile industry. Economic conditions in North America, Europe and Asia can have a large impact on the production volume of new vehicles, and, accordingly, have an impact on our revenue. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rate levels and credit availability, consumer confidence and purchasing power, energy and fuel costs, fuel availability, environmental impact, governmental incentives, regulatory requirements, and political volatility, especially in energy-producing countries and growth markets. In addition, automotive production and sales can be affected by our customers’ ability to continue operating in response to challenging economic conditions and in response to labor relations issues and shortages, supply chain disruptions, regulatory requirements, trade agreements and other factors. Furthermore, uncertain economic conditions and inflation may contribute to a reduction in consumer demand, which may reduce vehicle production over at least the next several quarters. In addition to these general economic factors, uncertainties in specific markets may further contribute to lower vehicle production. For example, the disruption by Russia of gas supplies to Western Europe could significantly impact industrial production, including vehicle production, in significant markets such as Germany. We cannot predict when the impact of these factors on global vehicle production will substantially . More generally, the volume of automotive production in North America, Europe, China, and the rest of the world has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year, for many reasons, and such fluctuations give rise to fluctuations in the demand for our solutions. For example, towards the end of the first half of 2024, global automotive production forecasts , which impacted our core customers, primarily due to their continued market share in China. We cannot be certain of the and length of the continued in the global automotive market, including macro-factors impacting our sales to OEMs in China, and the extent of the effect that such could have on our results of operations, financial condition and business in the long term. As a result, in addition to the impact of the current uncertainties that we anticipate to impact automotive production in the near term, changes in economic or market conditions or other factors, including, but not limited to, general economic conditions, the of any of our customers or the of OEM manufacturing facilities may result in a reduction in automotive sales and production, and could have an effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
If OEMs are unable to maintain and increase consumer acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving technology, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Our future operating results will depend on the ability of OEMs to maintain and increase consumer acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving. There is no assurance that OEMs can achieve these objectives. Market acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving depends upon many factors, including regulatory requirements, evolving safety standards, costs, and driver preferences. Market acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving may also be adversely affected by safety incidents involving ADAS and autonomous driving solutions, even if the incidents do not involve our solutions. We cannot be sure that ADAS and autonomous driving will achieve market acceptance on a timeline that is consistent with our expectations or development and production plans. Market acceptance of our solutions also depends on the ability of market participants, including Mobileye, to resolve technical challenges for increasingly complex ADAS and autonomous driving technology in a timely and cost-effective manner. Consumers will also need to be made aware of the advantages of our solutions, such as the of our offerings compared to competing technologies, specifically those that rely solely on either cameras or lidar and radar. If consumer acceptance of ADAS and autonomous driving technology does not increase, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be affected.
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Regulatory and Compliance Risks
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that affect our operations and that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are subject to laws and regulations worldwide that affect our operations and that differ among jurisdictions, including automotive safety regulations, regulations governing autonomous driving technology, AI technologies, intellectual property ownership and infringement laws, tax laws, import and export regulations, anti-corruption laws, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, data privacy laws, competition laws, advertising regulations, employment laws, product regulations, environmental laws, health and safety requirements, consumer laws and national security laws. Compliance with such requirements can be onerous and expensive, and may otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, autonomous driving and AI technologies are the subject of evolving review by various federal, state and foreign governmental and regulatory agencies, including the SEC and U.S. Federal Trade Commission. For example, in Europe, the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which establishes, among other things, a risk-based governance framework for regulating AI systems operating in the European Union, entered into force on August 1, 2024. Various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions also are applying, or are considering applying, their cybersecurity and data protection laws to AI technologies. As a result of the complexity and rapid development of autonomous vehicles (including the use of AI technologies in connection with their development), it is not possible to predict all of the legal, operational or technological risks related to our development of these technologies or our use of certain tools in connection therewith. Changes in laws and regulations governing autonomous vehicles and the use of certain technologies, such as AI, may affect the ability of our business to develop and use such technologies in the future.
Although we have policies, controls, and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with applicable laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, or agents will not violate such laws or our policies. There may also be laws and regulations that limit the functionality of our solutions or require us to adapt our solutions to retain functionality. For example, the regulatory environment in China creates challenges for the proliferation of our solutions in that market. Due to regulations there, we also depend on our partners in China in order to collect, analyze and transmit data, and such partners may choose to cease, or be unable to, continue cooperating with us. Other countries have, or may implement, similar restrictions. Violations of these laws and regulations can result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. The automotive and technology industries are subject to intense media, political, and regulatory , which can increase our exposure to government , legal actions, and .
Our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive regulations that increase our costs or delay or halt adoption of our solutions.
There are a variety of international, foreign, federal, and state regulations that apply to vehicle safety that could affect the marketability of our solutions. Regulations relating to autonomous driving include many existing vehicle standards that were not originally intended to apply to vehicles that may not have a human driver, and autonomous driving may never be globally approved. The expected launch of our AMaaS solutions in many jurisdictions remains subject to regulatory review and approvals, and the regulatory standards relating to AMaaS are still developing and remain subject to substantial uncertainty. There has been relatively little mandatory government regulation of the self-driving industry to date. Currently, there are no Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards that relate to the performance of self-driving technology and no widely accepted uniform standards to certify self-driving technology and its commercial use on public roads. It is also possible that future self-driving regulations are not standardized, and our technology could become subject to differing regulations across jurisdictions. For example, in Europe, certain vehicle safety regulations apply to automated braking and steering systems, and certain treaties also restrict the legality of certain higher levels of automation, while certain U.S. states have legal restrictions on automation that many other states are also considering. Such regulations continue to rapidly change, which increases the likelihood of varying complex or conflicting regulations or may limit global adoption, impede our strategy, or impact our long-term expectations for our investments in these areas.
Government safety regulations are subject to change based on a number of factors that are not within our control, including new scientific or technological data, adverse publicity regarding the industry, recalls, concerns regarding safety risks of autonomous driving and ADAS, accidents involving our solutions or those of our competitors, domestic and foreign political developments or considerations and litigation relating to our solutions and our competitors’ products. Changes in government regulations, especially those relating to ADAS and autonomous driving, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Regulations governing the automotive industry impose stringent compliance and reporting requirements in response to product recalls and safety issues in the automotive industry, including a duty to report, subject to strict timing requirements, safety defects with, or reports of injuries relating to, our solutions and requirements that a manufacturer recall and repair vehicles that contain safety defects or fail to comply with applicable safety standards. If we do not rapidly address any safety concerns or defects involving our solutions, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
We are subject to risks related to trade policies, sanctions, and import and export controls.
Trade policies and international disputes at times result in increased tariffs, trade barriers and other restrictions, which can increase our manufacturing costs, make our solutions less competitive, reduce demand for our solutions, limit our ability to sell to certain customers, limit our ability to procure components or raw materials or impede or slow the movement of our goods across borders. Increasing protectionism and economic nationalism may lead to further changes in trade policies and regulations, domestic sourcing initiatives, or other formal and informal measures.
Likewise, national security and foreign policy concerns may prompt governments to impose trade or other restrictions, which could make it more difficult to sell our solutions in, or restrict our access to, certain markets. In this regard, our business activities are subject to various trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s sanctions programs and the Export Administration Regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce. These rules may prohibit or restrict our ability to, directly or indirectly, conduct activities or dealings in or with certain countries or involving certain persons, or otherwise affect our business. New measures imposed by the United States, the European Union, or others could restrict certain of our operations and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Although we take steps to comply with applicable laws and regulations, our failure to successfully comply with applicable sanctions or export control rules may expose us to negative legal and business consequences, including civil or and government .
In particular, in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States, the European Union, and several other countries have imposed far-reaching sanctions and export control restrictions on Russian entities and individuals. See “— The current conflict between Ukraine and Russia has exacerbated market instability and disrupted the global economy.”
Additionally, tensions between the United States and China have led to increased tariffs and trade restrictions, including tariffs applicable to some of our solutions, and have affected customer ordering patterns. In addition to imposing economic sanctions on certain Chinese individuals and entities, the United States has imposed restrictions on the export of U.S.-regulated products and technology to certain Chinese technology companies. For example, the United States has enacted, and subsequently updated, controls on certain transactions involving items for semiconductor manufacturing end uses and advanced computing integrated circuits destined for China. BIS adopted final rules in January 2025 prohibiting certain transactions involving the sale or import of connected vehicles integrating specific hardware or software with a sufficient nexus to China or Russia. In response to expanding U.S. export controls, the People’s Republic of China has increasingly adopted retaliatory and defensive trade measures. These measures have included export controls on critical rare-earth materials and related to certain advanced semiconductors. In addition, the People’s Republic of China has implemented a series of industrial policies and other measures, including its “15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030)” and “Artificial Intelligence Plus (AI+) Initiative” policy, to incentivize the development and growth of key industries domestically, such as robotics, aerospace and semiconductors, and to reduce reliance on foreign technology. These policies have also extended to ADAS and autonomous vehicle technologies, which has led to Chinese OEMs and other businesses choosing solutions from our Chinese competitors rather than our products, any competitive our products may have in respect of price and/or performance. Although we do not believe that these recent controls and industrial policies and other measures will materially our ability to conduct our business, there can be no assurance that these or future restrictions would not materially affect our financial performance. We derive significant revenue from China. In 2025 and 2024, we derived approximately 23% and 26% respectively, of our revenue from shipments of products to China. It is to predict what further trade-related actions governments may take, which may include trade restrictions and additional or increased tariffs and export controls imposed on short notice, and we may be to quickly and effectively react to or mitigate such actions.
Changes in global tariff policies, import/export controls, or related trade restrictions could increase our costs or disrupt the supply of components used in our products. Our reliance on a global semiconductor and electronics supply chain means that new or expanded tariffs, retaliatory measures, or shifts in trade policy may lead to higher procurement expenses, longer lead times, or the need to qualify alternative suppliers. These factors could adversely affect our production schedules, margins, and our customers’ demand for products incorporating our technology.
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Trade disputes and protectionist measures, or continued uncertainty about such matters, could result in declining consumer confidence and slowing economic growth or recession, and could cause our customers to reduce, cancel, or alter the timing of their purchases with us. Such changes in global tariff policies, import/export controls or related trade restrictions could increase our costs or disrupt the supply of components used in our solutions or in our customers’ products. Our reliance on a global semiconductor and electronics supply chain means that new or expanded tariffs, retaliatory measures or shits in trade policy may lead to higher procurement expenses, longer lead times or the need to qualify alternative suppliers. These factors could adversely affect our production schedules, margins and our customers’ demand for products incorporating our technology. Additionally, sustained geopolitical tensions could lead to long-term changes in global trade and technology supply chains, and decoupling of global trade networks, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Given our international supply chain and distribution, we are subject to import and export laws of multiple countries. Failure to comply with the requirements of such laws may lead to the imposition of additional taxes or duties on imports or exports, fines, or penalties.
The current conflict between Ukraine and Russia has exacerbated market instability and disrupted the global economy.
The current conflict between Ukraine and Russia has caused uncertainty about economic and political stability, increasing volatility in the credit and financial markets and disrupting the global economy. The United States, the European Union, and several other countries have imposed far-reaching sanctions and export control restrictions on Russian entities and individuals, including for example recent additional sanctions imposed by the European Union under Article 12g of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014. These measures could constrain our ability to work with Russian companies or individuals in connection with the development of our solutions in the future. These sanctions and export controls may also contribute to higher oil and gas prices and inflation, which could reduce demand in the global automotive sector and therefore reduce demand for our solutions. Additional consequences of the conflict may include diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, and various shortages and supply chain disruptions. While we do not currently directly rely on goods or services sourced in Russia or Ukraine and thus have not experienced any direct , we may experience indirect in our supply chain. Any of the foregoing factors, including developments or effects that we cannot yet predict, may affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Risks Related to Operations in Israel
Conditions in Israel affect our operations and may limit our ability to produce and sell our solutions.
Although we are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, our headquarters and research and development center are located in the State of Israel, and as of December 27, 2025, substantially all of our equipment and tangible long-lived assets were located in Israel. Many of our employees, including certain members of our management, operate from our offices that are located in Jerusalem, Israel. In addition, a number of our officers and directors are residents of Israel. Accordingly, political, economic, and military conditions in Israel and the surrounding region may directly affect our business and operations. In recent years, Israel has been engaged in sporadic armed conflicts with Hamas, an Islamist terrorist group that controls the Gaza Strip, with Hezbollah, an Islamist terrorist group that controls large portions of southern Lebanon, and with Iranian-backed military forces in Syria. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and may be developing nuclear weapons. On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched a series of attacks on civilian and military targets in Southern Israel and Central Israel, to which the Israel Defense Forces responded. In addition, both Hezbollah and the Houthi movement attacked military and civilian targets in Israel, to which Israel responded, including through increased air and ground operations in Lebanon. In addition, the Houthi movement attacked international shipping lanes in the Red Sea, to which both Israel and the United States responded. Further, on April 13, 2024 and October 1, 2024, Iran launched a series of drone and missile strikes Israel, to which Israel responded. Most recently, on June 13, 2025 Israel launched a preemptive attack on Iran to which Iran responded with ballistic missile and drone attacks. On June 23, 2025, Israel and Iran agreed to a ceasefire, although there is no assurance that the ceasefire will continue. On October 9, 2025, Israel, Hamas, the United States and other countries in the region agreed to a framework for a ceasefire in Gaza between Israel and Hamas. How long and how the current in Gaza, Northern Israel, Lebanon, Iran or the broader region last and become is unknown at this time and any continued clash among Israel, Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran or other countries or militant groups in the region may in the future into a regional . To date our operations have not been materially affected, although as of February 3, 2026 approximately 3.3% of our employees have been called to reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces. However, any hostilities involving Israel, regional geopolitical or the or of trade or diplomatic relations between Israel and its trading partners as a result thereof could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Our commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of events associated with war and terrorism in Israel. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement value of certain direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, such coverage would likely be limited, may not be applicable to our business and may not reinstate our loss of revenue or economic losses more generally. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or that it will sufficiently cover our potential damages. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any armed conflicts or political instability in the region would likely negatively affect business conditions and could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Furthermore, depending on developments in the region, it may become , or , to renew or purchase appropriate policies pursuant to reasonable commercial terms, or insurers may condition coverage on our acceptance of certain or exclusions.
Further, in the past, the State of Israel and Israeli companies have been subjected to economic boycotts. Several countries still restrict doing business with the State of Israel and with Israeli companies. These restrictive laws and policies may have an adverse impact on our operating results, financial condition, or the expansion of our business. A campaign of boycotts, divestment and sanctions has been undertaken against Israel, which could also adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our operations may be disrupted by the obligations of personnel to perform military service as a result of current or future military actions involving Israel.
Some of our employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israeli military for several days, and in some cases more, of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older, for reservists who are military officers or who have certain occupations) and are subject to being called for additional active duty under emergency circumstances. In response to increased tension and hostilities, there have been occasional call-ups of military reservists, and it is possible that there will be additional call-ups in the future. For example, as a result of the conflicts in the Gaza Strip, Northern Israel, Lebanon, Iran and the broader region, as of February 3, 2026 approximately 3.3% of our employees have been called to reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces. To date, our operations have not been materially affected. See “ Conditions in Israel affect our operations and may limit our ability to produce and sell our solutions.” We cannot predict the full impact of these conditions on us in the future, particularly if emergency circumstances or an escalation in the political situation occurs. If many of our employees are called for active duty, our operations in Israel and our business may not be able to function at full capacity, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes.
We believe that our Israeli subsidiary is eligible for certain tax benefits provided to a “Special Preferred Technology Enterprise” under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, and its regulations, as amended (the “Investment Law”), including, inter alia, a reduced corporate tax rate of 6% on Israeli preferred technology taxable income, as defined in the Investment Law. In order to remain eligible for the tax benefits for a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise, our Israeli subsidiary must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations, as amended. For example, a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise must be part of a group of companies with aggregate annual revenue of at least 10 billion New Israeli Shekels. If Intel does not maintain sufficient holdings in us so that we are a consolidated group with Intel, and if we do not otherwise meet the revenue requirement as a standalone company, we would no longer meet the consolidated group income requirement to maintain our status as a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise and would instead be considered a Preferred Technology Enterprise, resulting in a higher effective corporate tax rate in Israel. If we fail to meet certain additional conditions stipulated in the Investment Law, including a minimal amount or ratio of annual research and development expenditures and research and development employees, as well as having at least 25% of our annual income derived from exports, we would also our status as a Preferred Technology Enterprise, resulting in an even higher corporate tax rate in Israel. Additionally, if our Israeli subsidiary increases its activities outside of Israel through acquisitions, then its expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in future Israeli tax programs.
It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against our officers and directors, or to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel or serve process on our non-U.S. officers and directors.
Not all of our directors or officers are residents of the United States, and most of their and our assets are located outside the United States. Service of process upon our non-U.S. resident directors and officers and enforcement of judgments obtained in the United States against us or our non-U.S. our directors and officers may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Additionally, we have been informed by our legal counsel in Israel that it may be difficult to assert claims under U.S. securities laws in original actions instituted in
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Israel or obtain a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws against us or our non-U.S. officers and directors because Israel may not be the most appropriate forum to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, then the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel addressing the matters described above. Additionally, Israeli courts might not enforce judgments rendered outside Israel, which may make it difficult to collect on judgments rendered against us or our non-U.S. officers and directors.
Moreover, an Israeli court will not enforce a non-Israeli judgment if it was given in a state whose laws do not provide for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts (subject to exceptional cases), if its enforcement is likely to prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel, if it was obtained by fraud or in the absence of due process, if it is at variance with another valid judgment that was given in the same matter between the same parties, or if a suit in the same matter between the same parties was pending before a court or tribunal in Israel at the time the foreign action was brought.
Risks Related to our Relationship with Intel and our Dual Class Structure
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with Intel, and Intel beneficially owns shares of our Class A and Class B common stock, representing a majority of the shares of our common stock and approximately 97.3% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock as of December 27, 2025. This will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Because of the 10-to-1 voting ratio between our Class B common stock and our Class A common stock, Intel, which is the beneficial holder of 50,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 597,768,015 shares of Class B common stock, beneficially owns approximately 97.3% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock as of December 27, 2025. Due to the issuance of shares of Class A common stock in connection with the acquisition of Mentee Robotics, Intel beneficially owns approximately 77.0% of our outstanding common stock and 96.9% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock as of February 3, 2026. Because Intel beneficially holds significantly more than a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock, it is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval.
As a result, for the foreseeable future, Intel will have significant influence over the management and affairs of our company and over the outcome of all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger, consolidation, or sale of substantially all of our assets, even if its stock holdings will be significantly diluted to represent less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. In addition, this may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders. Intel may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree, and which may be adverse to your interests. This control, including any negative perception by shareholders of Intel or its actions, may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common stock.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq. As a result, we qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance standards. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
So long as more than 50% of the voting power for the election of our directors is held by an individual, a group or another company, we will qualify as a “controlled company” under listing requirements of Nasdaq. Intel beneficially holds a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” under the Nasdaq rules. As a controlled company, we will be exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, and we intend to continue to rely on such exemptions, including those that would otherwise require our Board of Directors to have a majority of independent directors and require that we establish a compensation committee and nominating committee comprised entirely of independent directors, or otherwise ensure that the compensation of our executive officers and nominees for directors are determined or recommended to our Board of Directors by the independent members of our Board. To the extent we continue to rely on one or more of these exemptions, holders of our Class A common stock will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
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Our dual class structure may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.
We cannot predict whether our dual class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500. These changes exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to these indices. In addition, several stockholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our common stock may prevent the inclusion of our Class A common stock in these indices and may cause stockholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A common stock.
Any actions or publications by stockholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock.
We may have conflicts of interest with Intel and, because of (i) certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation relating to related person transactions and corporate opportunities, (ii) agreements we entered into with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO, and (iii) Intel’s controlling beneficial ownership interest in our company, we may not be able to resolve such conflicts on terms favorable to us.
Conflicts of interest may arise between Intel and us in a number of areas relating to our ongoing relationship. Potential conflicts of interest that we have identified include, but are not limited to, the following:
● Certain of our directors may have conflicts of interest . Each of Patrick Bombach, Naga Chandrasekaran, and David Zinsner serves both on our Board of Directors and in a senior management role at Intel. Such directors owe fiduciary duties to our company pursuant to Delaware law, but these relationships could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when these persons are faced with decisions with potentially different implications for Intel and us.
● Sale of shares of our common stock . Intel may decide to sell all or a portion of our shares that it holds to a third party, including to one of our competitors, thereby giving that third-party substantial influence over our business and our affairs and possibly depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock. Such a sale could be in conflict with your interests. Prior to any such time as our Class B common stock is distributed to security holders of Intel in a transaction (including any distribution in exchange for shares of Intel’s or its successor-in-interest’s common stock or other securities) intended to qualify as a distribution under Section 355 of the Code, or any corresponding provision of any successor statute, shares of our Class B common stock will automatically be converted into shares of Class A common stock upon the transfer of such shares of Class B common stock by Intel other than to any of Intel’s successors.
● Developing business relationships with Intel’s competitors . We may, from time to time, partner with, purchase from, and sell to a number of companies that compete with Intel. These companies may be less willing or unwilling to develop and maintain relationships with us, and may favor our competitors or may view us as competitors, because of our relationship with Intel.
● Allocation of business opportunities . Business opportunities may arise that both we and Intel find attractive, and which would complement our businesses. We may be prevented from taking advantage of new business opportunities that Intel has entered into. Furthermore, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, until the later of (i) the first date on which Intel ceases to beneficially own 20% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock and (ii) the date upon which none of our officers and/or directors are also officers and/or directors of Intel, (x) we will waive any interest or expectancy in potential transactions presented to our directors and officers who are also directors and/or officers of Intel unless expressly offered to such person in his or her capacity as our director and/or officer, as applicable, and (y) Intel shall have the right to, and shall have no duty not to, engage in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as we do, do business with any of our clients or customers, and employ or otherwise engage any of our officers or employees.
● Sale of our products on favorable terms . Under the terms of the Master Transaction Agreement we entered into with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO, so long as Intel holds at least 20% of our common stock, we will sell Intel our commercially available products, including EyeQ™ SoCs, for internal use, but not for resale on a standalone or bundled basis. We and Intel also agree pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement to hold the other in most favored status with respect to products purchased or sold for internal use,
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meaning that the product prices, terms, warranties, and benefits provided between us and Intel shall be comparable to or better than the equivalent terms being offered by the party providing the products to any single, present customer of such party.
● Worldwide and perpetual license to patents . We are party to an agreement with Intel under which (i) we grant to Intel a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, perpetual, irrevocable, sublicensable under certain circumstances, and worldwide license under patents and patent applications owned or controlled by us, and (ii) Intel grants to us a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, and worldwide license, sublicense, or other right, as applicable, under certain patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries and certain third parties. Any license, sublicense, or other right granted by Intel to us with respect to third-party patents and patent applications (or specific claims thereof) included in the grant in clause (ii) may be revoked (effective as of the date specified by Intel) by Intel, in whole or in part, at any time (and automatically terminates once Intel can no longer extend such rights to us under the applicable third-party license agreement), and all licenses, sublicenses or other rights from Intel with respect to patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries included in the grant by Intel to us in clause (ii) automatically terminate once Intel’s ownership of our common stock falls below 50%. The license granted by us to Intel in clause (i) survives even if Intel’s ownership of our common stock falls below 50%, but solely with respect to patents and patent applications owned or controlled by us as of or prior to such time. The agreement will continue until the expiration of the last to expire of the patents and patent applications included in the grants in clauses (i) and (ii), unless earlier by Intel at any time for its convenience. If any of our licenses from, sublicenses or other rights Intel were to for any reason, we may be to replace such licenses, sublicenses or other rights at prices or on terms as as those Intel provides, if at all, and that could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
● Limited license from Intel for certain technology related to radar. Intel has granted us a limited license for sensitive core technology relating to radar pursuant to a Technology and Services Agreement. The license is limited to the development of a specific type of radar for specific applications. Any radar products which do not comply with this definition will require a separate license from Intel, at Intel’s discretion. Intellectual property developed under the agreement, either solely or jointly with Intel, regarding the radar technology, except for certain rights to specifically identified radar technology which is developed solely by us following the Mobileye IPO, will be assigned by us to Intel. As a result, we will not own most new radar intellectual property, even if it is developed solely by us. If we are unable to continue to use or license sensitive core technology related to radar from Intel, we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner, or at all, and our ability to remain competitive would be harmed, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — If we are unable to develop and introduce new solutions and improve existing solutions in a cost- and timely manner, then our competitive position would be impacted and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be affected” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Intellectual Property Rights — We depend on licenses for certain technologies from third parties, some of which require us to pay royalties, and our to use such technologies in the future would our ability to remain competitive.”
We are licensed to sell the radar products only for ADAS and AV solutions for automobiles and to certain types of customers (Tier 1s, OEMs, MaaS). The Technology and Services Agreement has a term of two years and will automatically renew for one-year renewal periods, unless the agreement is terminated for a party’s material breach, a party’s bankruptcy or insolvency, or advance notice of nonrenewal is given, however, termination of the agreement does not affect certain licenses granted to us by Intel in respect of the radar product. In addition, the agreement includes limitations on our ability (except after review and approval by Intel) to file a patent application based on or using the radar intellectual property licensed to us under the agreement, or information in Intel’s radar patents during the term of the agreement and for five years after the completion of the development of the last Mobileye sensor product.
We expect Intel will continue to beneficially hold a majority of the voting power of our common stock and we and Intel expect to continue as strategic partners, collaborating on projects to pursue the growth of computing in the automotive sector. Intel may from time to time make strategic decisions that it believes are in the best interests of its business as a whole, including our company. These decisions may be different from the decisions that we would have made on our own. Intel’s decisions with respect to us or our business, including any related party transactions between Intel and us, may be resolved in ways that favor Intel and its stockholders, which may not coincide with the interests of our other stockholders.
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Although we entered into the Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement with Intel under which our tax liabilities effectively will be determined based upon, subject to certain assumptions, our and/or our subsidiaries’ assets and activities, we nonetheless could be held liable for the tax liabilities of other members of any consolidated, combined or unitary tax group of Intel and/or its subsidiaries for periods prior to July 12, 2025.
We were historically included in Intel’s consolidated group (the “Consolidated Group”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as well as in certain consolidated, combined, or unitary groups that include Intel and/or certain of its subsidiaries for state and local income tax purposes (each, a “Combined Group”). In connection with the Mobileye IPO, we entered into a tax sharing agreement with Intel, which was amended and restated on August 14, 2024 (the “Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement, we generally were required to make payments to Intel such that, with respect to tax returns for any taxable period in which we or any of our subsidiaries were included in the Consolidated Group or any Combined Group, the amount of taxes to be paid by us would be determined by computing the excess (if any) of any taxes due on any such return over the amount that would otherwise be due if such return were recomputed by excluding us and/or our included subsidiaries.
As a result of changes in Intel’s ownership of our outstanding common stock due to the Secondary Offering, Share Repurchase and Conversion (each as defined in the MD&A), we were deconsolidated from Intel’s U.S. domestic consolidated income tax return effective July 11, 2025 (the “Tax Deconsolidation”). As a result of the Tax Deconsolidation, starting on July 12, 2025, the computation of cash payable between the Company and Intel, under the Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement, is no longer applicable with respect to U.S. federal and applicable state income taxes. However, other obligations of the parties under the Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement remain in effect. We were previously included in the Consolidated Group for periods prior to July 12, 2025 and thereafter no longer will be included in the Consolidated Group going forward. Each member of a consolidated group during any part of a consolidated return year is jointly and severally liable for tax on the consolidated return of such year and for any subsequently determined deficiency thereon. Similarly, in some jurisdictions, each member of a consolidated, combined or unitary group for state, local, or foreign income tax purposes is jointly and severally liable for the state, local, or foreign income tax liability of each other member of the consolidated, combined or unitary group. Accordingly, for any period in which we are included in the Consolidated Group or any Combined Group, we could be liable in the event that any income tax liability was incurred, but not discharged, by any other member of any such group.
As a result of the Tax Deconsolidation, we are now solely responsible for the preparation, filing and payment of our U.S. federal and applicable state income taxes on a standalone basis. This transition may increase the complexity of our tax compliance and reporting obligations and require additional internal controls, systems, personnel and external advisory support.
In order to preserve the ability for Intel to distribute its shares of our Class B common stock pursuant to a tax-free spin-off under U.S. federal income tax law, we may be prevented from pursuing opportunities to raise capital, effectuate acquisitions, or provide equity incentives to our employees, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Under current U.S. federal income tax law, in order to consummate a tax-free spin-off of our stock, Intel would need to have beneficial ownership of our stock representing at least 80% of the total voting power and 80% of each class of non-voting capital stock. Nevertheless, if Intel were to decide to pursue a possible spin-off, we have agreed to cooperate with Intel and to take any and all actions reasonably requested by Intel in connection with such a transaction. Our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to any possible spin-off are set forth in the Master Transaction Agreement and Amended and Restated Tax Sharing Agreement. For example, in the event Intel completes a spin-off, we have agreed not to take certain actions, such as certain asset sales or contributions, mergers, stock issuances, or stock sales within the two years following the spin-off without first obtaining the opinion of tax counsel or an IRS ruling to the effect that such actions will not result in the spin-off failing to qualify as a tax-free spin-off. Additionally, under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, until the first date on which Intel ceases to beneficially own 20% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the prior affirmative vote or written consent of Intel, as the holder of the Class B common stock, is required in order to authorize us to issue any stock or other equity securities except to our subsidiaries or pursuant to our employee plans limited to a share reserve of 5% of the outstanding number of shares of our common stock on the immediately preceding December 31. Intel’s intention to retain its ability to effectuate a tax-free spin-off of our stock may cause Intel to decide not to consent to such issuances. See “— Certain corporate actions by us would require the prior consent of Intel, and there can be no guarantee that Intel will consent to such matters, even if they are in our interests.” These requirements could prevent us from pursuing to raise capital, effectuate acquisitions, or provide equity incentives to our employees, which could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Certain corporate actions by us would require the prior consent of Intel, and there can be no guarantee that Intel will consent to such actions, even if they are in our best interests.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, in addition to any other vote required by law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, until the first date on which Intel ceases to beneficially own 20% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the prior affirmative vote or written consent of Intel as the holder of the Class B common stock is required in order to authorize us to take certain corporate actions. There can be no guarantee that Intel will consent to such actions, even if they are in our best interests.
We have historically utilized and plan to continue to utilize various administrative services and licenses, sublicenses and other rights provided by Intel, and if we are unable to continue utilizing such services and/or licenses, sublicenses or other rights we may fail to replace them at prices or on terms as favorable as those Intel provides. In addition, we have granted Intel a worldwide and perpetual license to our patents and patent applications.
We have historically utilized various administrative, financial, and other services provided by Intel. In addition, we are party to an agreement with Intel under which (i) we grant to Intel a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, perpetual, irrevocable, sublicensable under certain circumstances, and worldwide license under patents and patent applications owned or controlled by us, and (ii) Intel grants to us a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, and worldwide license, sublicense, or other right, as applicable, under certain patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries and certain third parties. Any license, sublicense, or other right granted by Intel to us with respect to third-party patents and patent applications (or specific claims thereof) included in the grant in clause (ii) may be revoked (effective as of the date specified by Intel) by Intel, in whole or in part, at any time (and automatically terminates once Intel can no longer extend such rights to us under the applicable third-party license agreement), and all licenses, sublicenses or other rights from Intel with respect to patents and patent applications of other Intel subsidiaries included in the grant by Intel to us in clause (ii) automatically terminate once Intel’s ownership of our common stock falls below 50%. The license granted by us to Intel in clause (i) survives even if Intel’s ownership of our common stock falls below 50%, but solely with respect to patents and patent applications owned or controlled by us as of or prior to such time. The agreement will continue until the expiration of the last to expire of the patents and patent applications included in the grants in clauses (i) and (ii), unless earlier by Intel at any time for its convenience. If any of our licenses, sublicenses or other rights from Intel were to for any reason, we may be to replace such licenses, sublicenses or other rights at prices or on terms as as those Intel provides, if at all, and that could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Intel provides us with administrative, financial, legal, tax, and other services pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement and certain technologies and products that may be used in the development, manufacture, and commercialization of our solutions pursuant to the Technology and Services Agreement. If we are unable to maintain these contractual relationships with Intel, we may fail to replace such services and/or licenses, sublicenses or other rights at prices or on terms as favorable as those Intel provides, and that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The stock market in general has been, and the market price of our Class A common stock specifically is, subject to fluctuation, whether due to, or irrespective of, our operating results and financial condition. The market price of our Class A common stock on Nasdaq may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:
announcements by regulators and other safety organizations regarding ADAS, autonomous driving and related technology;
publicized accidents involving ADAS and autonomous driving technology, whether developed by us or our competitors;
market acceptance of our solutions;
fluctuations in supply and demand for our products;
announcements of the results of research and development projects by us or our competitors;
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announcements by others relating to autonomous driving technology and its adoption by OEMs;
development of new competitive systems and products by others;
changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
developments concerning our intellectual property rights;
loss of key personnel, particularly Professor Shashua;
changes in the cost of satisfying our warranty obligations;
loss of key customers;
disruptions to our and the global supply chain;
macroeconomic irregularities such as worsening inflationary trends, volatile interest rates and labor shortages;
delays between our expenditures to develop and market new or enhanced products and the generation of sales from those products;
changes in the amount that we spend to develop, acquire, or license new products, technologies, or businesses;
changes in our research and development and operating expenditures;
variations in our and our competitors’ results of operations and financial condition;
our sale or proposed sale or the sale or proposed sale by Intel (or other actions taken by Intel) or other significant stockholders of our common stock or other securities in the future; and
general market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance.
These factors and any corresponding price fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of our shares of Class A common stock and result in substantial losses being incurred by our investors. Market prices for securities of technology companies historically have been very volatile. The market for these securities has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to the operating performance of any one company. In the past, following periods of market volatility, public company stockholders have often instituted securities class action litigation in the United States. If we were involved in securities litigation, then it could impose a substantial cost upon us and divert the resources and attention of our management from our business.
We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Other than in connection with the Reorganization, we have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends for the foreseeable future.
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The ongoing compliance requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and stock exchange rules promulgated in response to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The requirements of these rules and regulations have and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. As a public company, we are obligated to file with the SEC annual and quarterly information and other reports that are specified in the Exchange Act, and therefore need to have the ability to prepare financial statements that are compliant with all SEC reporting requirements on a timely basis. In addition, we continue to be subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, including certain requirements of Nasdaq and certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which impose significant compliance obligations upon us. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required, and management’s attention may be from other business .
Failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
As a public company, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, to which our auditors need to attest in accordance with guidelines set forth by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. We may in the future identify material weaknesses when evaluating our internal control over financial reporting that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the applicable deadline imposed upon us for compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Testing and maintaining our internal control over financial reporting may also divert management’s attention from other matters that are important to the operation of our business. In addition, if we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented, or amended from time to time, then we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations.
Moreover, any material weakness or other deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting may impede our ability to file timely and accurate reports with the SEC. Any of the above could cause a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.
In addition, we may be required to incur costs in improving our internal control system and the hiring of additional personnel. Any such action could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
If securities and industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, then the stock price and trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities and industry analysts publish about us and our business. If securities and industry analysts do not commence or maintain coverage of our company, then the stock price of our Class A common stock would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, then the stock price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, then demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause the stock price and trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.
The issuance by us of additional equity securities may dilute your ownership and adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue shares of Class A common stock and rights relating to Class A common stock for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our board of directors in its sole discretion, whether in connection with acquisitions or otherwise. In addition, under the terms of the Master Transaction Agreement we entered into with Intel in connection with the Mobileye IPO, we granted Intel a continuing right to purchase from us such number of shares of Class
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A common stock or Class B common stock as is necessary for Intel to maintain an aggregate ownership of our common stock representing at least 80.1% of our common stock outstanding following the Mobileye IPO. Any common stock that we issue, including under our equity incentive plan or in connection with the Master Transaction Agreement, would dilute the percentage ownership of existing stockholders prior to such issuance.
In the future, we may attempt to obtain financing or to further increase our capital resources by issuing additional shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock or by offering debt or other securities. We could also issue shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into our Class A common stock or debt or other securities in connection with acquisitions or other strategic transactions, including for example our acquisition of Mentee Robotics. Issuing additional shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock or debt or other securities may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders and would likely reduce the market price of our Class A common stock.
Upon liquidation, holders of debt securities and preferred shares, if issued, and lenders with respect to other borrowings would receive a distribution of our distributable assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Debt securities convertible into equity securities could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distribution or preferences with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing, and nature of our future offerings. As a result, holders of our Class A common stock bear the risk that our future offerings may reduce the market price of our Class A common stock and dilute their stockholdings in us.
Delaware law and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby adversely affecting the market price of our common stock.
Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we opted out of the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). If Intel’s holdings in our stock are reduced so that Intel no longer maintains at least 15% of the combined voting power of our common stock, then we will no longer opt out of Section 203 of the DGCL, which could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following:
our dual class common stock structure, which provides Intel, as the holder of our Class B common stock, with the ability to significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding common stock;
if Intel’s holdings in our stock are reduced so that it no longer maintains a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock, our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and not by written consent;
vacancies on our board of directors will be able to be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders, provided, however, that vacancies on our board of directors caused by an action of stockholders may only be filled by a vote of the stockholders until Intel’s holdings in our stock are reduced so that it no longer maintains a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock;
beginning at the first annual meeting of stockholders following any such time that Intel’s holdings in our stock no longer represent at least 20% of the aggregate number of shares of our outstanding common stock, our board of directors will be classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms;
beginning at the first annual meeting of stockholders following any such time that Intel’s holdings in our stock no longer represent at least 20% of the aggregate number of shares of our outstanding common stock, directors will only be able to be removed from office for cause;
so long as Intel’s holdings in our stock represent at least 20% of the aggregate number of shares of our outstanding common stock, consent by holders of a majority of our Class B common stock will be required for consolidations or mergers;
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no provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws provides for cumulative voting, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
only the Chairman of our Board of Directors, our Chief Executive Officer, or our Secretary upon written request by a majority of our Board of Directors are authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;
our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware unless we otherwise consent;
nothing in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation precludes future issuances without approval by holders of shares of our Class A common stock of the authorized but unissued shares of our common stock, though approval by holders of a majority of our Class B common stock will be required for such issuances for so long as Intel’s holdings in our stock represent at least 20% of the aggregate number of shares of outstanding common stock, subject to certain exclusions;
our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued, without the approval of the holders of our capital stock; and
advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.
These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains exclusive forum provisions for certain claims, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty (including any fiduciary duty) owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents arising out of or relating to any provision of the DGCL or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (4) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware. As described below, this provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or Exchange Act, or rules and regulations thereunder.
Moreover, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the United States will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our decision to adopt such a federal forum provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law. While there can be no assurance that federal or state courts will follow the holding of the Delaware Supreme Court or determine that our federal forum provision should be enforced in a particular case, application of our federal forum provision means that suits brought by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court.
Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that neither the exclusive forum provision nor our federal forum provision applies to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act.
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Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal court. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to our exclusive forum provisions, including the federal forum provision. Additionally, our stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. These provisions may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees and agents. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.
General Risks
Changes in our effective tax rates may reduce our net income (loss).
A number of factors can increase our effective tax rates, which could reduce our net income (loss), including:
changes in the volume and mix of profits earned and location of assets across jurisdictions with varying tax rates and the associated impacts of legislative actions affecting multi-national enterprises;
changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and in associated deferred tax asset valuation allowance;
adjustments to income taxes upon finalization of tax returns;
increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including equity-based compensation or impairments of goodwill;
changes in available tax credits;
changes in our ability to secure new, or renew existing, tax holidays and incentives;
changes in U.S. federal, state, or foreign tax laws or their interpretation, including changes in the U.S. to the taxation of non-U.S. income and expenses;
changes resulting from the adoption by countries of OECD recommendations, including adoption of tax legislation to comply with Pillar Two Model Rules, or other legislative actions. The regulations of Pillar Two Model Rules will become effective in Israel for tax years beginning after January 1, 2026;
resolution of issues arising from tax audits, including payment of interest and penalties;
changes in our business or legal entity operating model;
changes in accounting standards; and
those described under “Risks Related to Operations in Israel — The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes.”
Global or regional conditions can adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We and our suppliers have manufacturing, assembly and testing, research and development, sales and other operations in Israel and several other countries, and some of our business activities are concentrated in one or more geographic areas. Moreover, 78% of our total revenue in 2025 was derived outside of the United States, with China, Germany, and South Korea making up 23%, 16%, and 10% of total revenue respectively, based on the location of the customer to which the product was shipped. As a result, our business, operating results, and financial condition, including our ability to produce, assemble, test, design, develop, or sell products, and the demand for our solutions, are at times adversely affected by a number of global and regional factors outside of our control.
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Adverse changes in global or regional economic conditions periodically occur, including recession or slowing growth, changes, or uncertainty in fiscal, monetary, or trade policy, higher interest rates, tighter credit, inflation, lower capital expenditures by businesses including on IT infrastructure, increases in unemployment and lower consumer confidence and spending. Adverse changes in economic conditions can significantly harm demand for our solutions and make it more challenging to forecast our operating results and make business decisions, including regarding prioritization of investments in our business. An economic downturn or increased uncertainty may also lead to increased credit and collectability risks, higher borrowing costs or reduced availability of capital markets, reduced liquidity, adverse impacts on our suppliers, failures of counterparties including financial institutions and insurers, asset impairments and declines in the value of our financial instruments.
We can be adversely affected by other global and regional factors that periodically occur, including:
geopolitical and security issues, such as armed conflict and civil or military unrest, political instability, human rights concerns and terrorist activity;
natural disasters, public health issues (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and other catastrophic events;
inefficient infrastructure and other disruptions, such as supply chain interruptions and large-scale outages or unreliable provision of services from utilities, transportation, data hosting or telecommunications providers;
formal or informal imposition of new or revised export, import or doing-business regulations, including trade sanctions, tariffs, and changes in the ability to obtain export licenses, which could be changed without notice;
government restrictions on, or nationalization of, our operations in any country, or restrictions on our ability to repatriate earnings from a particular country;
adverse changes relating to government grants, tax credits or other government incentives, including more favorable incentives provided to competitors;
differing employment practices and labor issues;
ineffective legal protection of our intellectual property rights in certain countries;
local business and cultural factors that differ from our current standards and practices;
continuing uncertainty regarding social, political, immigration and tax and trade policies; and
fluctuations in the market values of any of our investments, which can be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration or losses, interest rate changes, financial results, political risk, sovereign risk, or other factors.
If we determine that our goodwill has become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.
We perform an annual impairment assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. The analysis may include both qualitative and quantitative factors to assess the likelihood of impairment. Indicators that are considered include industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit, including rising interest rates, or a significant decline in our stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time, and we consider both the income approach and the market approach to estimate a reporting unit’s fair value. Significant estimates include business projections, terminal growth rate, and discount rate based on the reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital. The estimated fair value using a market approach is based on a number of assumptions, including current market capitalization as corroboration of fair value.
We have in the past and may in the future be required to record a significant impairment charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill is determined, due to, among other things, a decline in the market capitalization of the Company. Any such charge could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
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Catastrophic events can adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our operations and business, and those of our customers and direct and indirect vendors and suppliers of OEMs, can be disrupted by natural disasters, industrial accidents, public health issues, cybersecurity incidents, interruptions of service from utilities, transportation, telecommunications or IT systems providers, production equipment failures or other catastrophic events.
For example, we have at times experienced disruptions in our production processes as a result of power outages, improperly functioning equipment, and disruptions in supply of raw materials or components, including due to cybersecurity incidents affecting our suppliers. Global climate change can result in certain natural disasters occurring more frequently or with greater intensity, such as drought, wildfires, storms, sea-level rise, and flooding. The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and the IT industry in particular are unclear, but could be severe.
Catastrophic events could make it difficult or impossible to produce or deliver products to our customers, receive production materials from our suppliers or perform critical functions, which could adversely affect our revenue and require significant recovery time and expenditures to resume operations. While we maintain business recovery plans, some of our systems are not fully redundant and we cannot be sure that our plans will fully protect us from such disruptions. Furthermore, even if our operations are unaffected or recover quickly, if our customers or suppliers cannot timely resume their own operations due to a catastrophic event, we may experience reduced or cancelled orders or disruptions to our supply chain that would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Even though we maintain insurance coverage for a variety of property, casualty, and other risks, not all possible risks are or can be fully covered and therefore any insurance payments to the Company may not necessarily cover the entire scope of the damage and/or all possible losses. We may also decide not to purchase certain policies and/or to self-insure against certain risks. The types and amounts of our insurance coverage vary depending on availability, cost, and decisions with respect to risk retention. We may decided to not purchase certain policies at all for various reasons, including due to the costs of such policy outweighing any economic benefit, and there is no certainty that it will be possible to purchase or renew suitable insurance policies in the future pursuant to reasonable commercial terms, if at all. Some of the policies under which we are covered may have large deductibles and broad exclusions. In addition, one or more insurance providers may be unable or unwilling to pay a claim. Our insurers may also discontinue our insurance coverage and we may be unable to find replacement insurance on acceptable terms or at all, or where we share our limits with Intel by Intel under these policies may exhaust the available policy limits. Certain of our commercial agreements require us to arrange or maintain specified insurance policies. If such insurance becomes in whole or in part, prohibitively expensive, or cannot be procured or maintained through reasonable commercial efforts, we may be to comply with these contractual undertakings, which could us to of , , or other contractual remedies.
Losses not covered by insurance may be large, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
