Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before making an investment decision. We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control, that have in the past and could in the future materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risk factors below do not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. In that event, the trading price of our shares may decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Risks related to our business and industry
We have incurred substantial operating losses in the last several years, and we may not be able to achieve revenue growth or profitability in the future, and if revenue growth or profitability is achieved, we may not be able to sustain it.
In 2025, we incurred an operating loss of $83.3 million due to the combination of delayed product launches, competition, and the effect of macroeconomic conditions on our business, including tariff volatility, inflation, market volatility, economic recession concerns, and a temporary U.S. government shutdown. We cannot be certain that we will be able to return to profitability through a combination of revenue growth, gross margin improvement, and actions we have taken and will continue to take to reduce our operating expenses. For example, our annual revenue decreased from $801.5 million in 2024 to $651.5 million in 2025. In addition, we incurred an operating loss of $135.0 million in 2024.
Looking ahead, we may experience lower levels of revenue, or lower gross margin for a variety of reasons, including, among other factors: ineffective or untimely investments in product innovation and development; product cost overruns; any delays or issues with our new product launches, such as the delayed launch of MAX2; increased component costs, including both the cost and supply of memory and other semiconductors; lower levels of marketing and advertising spend and its effectiveness thereof; increasing freight rates; shipping delays; increased supply chain costs; lower average sales pricing for our cameras; or a recession or other sustained adverse market events such as volatility of tariff rates that materially impacts consumer purchases of discretionary items, such as our products. For example, recently, prices for critical memory components have increased by more than 80% and price increases are expected to continue in 2026. Currency exchange rate fluctuations may also impact revenue and gross margin. While we have taken and will continue to take actions to moderate operating expenses, we cannot guarantee that we will be to return to through a combination of revenue growth, significant gross margin , and operating expense reductions.
We may continue to experience fluctuating revenue, expenses, and profitability for a number of reasons, including other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that impact our revenue growth or profitability.
We are taking a multi-pronged approach to regaining profitability with a focus on continued innovation and new product introductions while effectively managing and implementing cost-saving measures where appropriate, which may not be effective to restore profitability in our business.
In order to become profitable, and manage our margin, we must continue to innovate, develop and introduce new products on schedule, enhance our current product offerings, grow our customer base, and stimulate customer demand for new and next-generation products and services. Our product and service offerings are at the core of our business model.
In order to manage our profitability, we will need to effectively manage our existing resources and may also have to continue to reduce costs. We previously implemented company-wide restructurings of our business, including in March 2024, August 2024 and October 2024, resulting in a reduction in our global workforce, the elimination of certain open positions and reduction of certain office space, as well as the elimination of several high-cost initiatives, to optimize our cost structure and focus our resources on cameras, accessories, subscription and service, and tech-enabled helmets. In 2025, we reduced our spending on research and development by 32% and decreased our spending on marketing by 37%.
Reductions in force may result in unintended consequences and costs, such as the loss of institutional knowledge and expertise, attrition beyond the intended number of employees, decreased morale among our remaining employees, difficulty in recruiting employees in the future, and the risk that we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the reduction in force. In addition, while positions have been eliminated, certain functions necessary to our operations remain, and we may be unsuccessful in distributing the responsibilities of departed employees among our remaining employees.
Furthermore, all of our employees, including our executive officers, are free to terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry may be difficult to replace. If
key employees leave, we may not be able to fully integrate new personnel or replicate the prior working relationships, and our operations could suffer as a result.
Job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Fluctuations in the price of our Class A common stock may make it more difficult or costly to use equity compensation to motivate, incentivize and retain our employees. For example, since 2023, our closing stock price ranged from a high of $6.46 in the first quarter of 2023 to a low of $0.48 in the second quarter of 2025. If we are unable to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, we may not be able to achieve our strategic objectives, and our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
The reduction in workforce could also make it difficult for us to pursue, or prevent us from pursuing, new opportunities and initiatives due to insufficient personnel, or require us to incur additional and unanticipated costs to hire new personnel to pursue such opportunities or initiatives. If we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the reductions in force, or if we experience significant adverse consequences from the reductions in force, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. We may undertake further similar cost-saving initiatives, which may include additional restructuring or workforce reductions.
Our products are highly dependent on the availability and cost of key components, including memory, microprocessors, and other semiconductors, and recent price volatility, limited availability, and anticipated cost increases may put further downward pressure on our gross margins and impair our ability to become profitable.
Key components of our products include memory, microprocessors, and other semiconductors. There has been a worldwide, unprecedented shortage of available semiconductor components due to the increase of demand by artificial intelligence data centers, which require substantially higher processing bandwidth and memory capacity, competition from other consumer products that use similar components as our cameras, and manufacturing capacity constraints, including back-end assembly and test. Memory component prices have recently increased significantly year-over-year, as much as 80%. The significant industry-wide shortages and volatility in selling prices could continue to adversely affect our business as we compete for these components in the marketplace. If the price of semiconductors and other critical components increase and the lack of availability continues, we may need to increase prices to offset these significant component costs or we may not be able to manufacture enough products to meet forecasted demand. An increase in our product prices could lead to reduced consumer demand, which would adversely affect our business, revenue, and results of operations.
To remain competitive and stimulate consumer demand, we must effectively manage product introductions, product transitions, and product pricing.
We believe that we must continually develop and introduce new products on schedule and within budget, enhance our existing products, anticipate consumer preferences, and effectively stimulate consumer demand for new and upgraded products and services to maintain or increase our revenue. Our products and services are subject to changing consumer preferences that cannot be predicted with certainty and development lead times may make it more difficult for us to respond rapidly to new or changing consumer preferences. The markets for our products and services are characterized by intense competition, evolving distribution models, disruptive technology developments, short product life cycles, customer price sensitivity and frequent product introductions.
The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to, timely and successful research and development of next generation system-on-chips, pricing, market and consumer acceptance, the ability to successfully identify and originate product trends, effective forecasting and management of product demand, purchase commitments and inventory levels, availability of products in appropriate quantities to meet anticipated demand, ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our new products from third-party suppliers, management of any changes in major component suppliers, management of manufacturing and supply costs, management of risks and delays associated with new product design and production ramp-up issues, logistics, and the risk that new products may have quality issues or other defects or bugs in the early stages of introduction including testing of new parts and features.
Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial expenses to support the development of our next generation cameras, tech-enabled helmets, software applications, and other products
and services. In particular, our flagship camera designs incorporate custom system-on-chip (SoC), image sensors, lens, batteries, and memory solutions that critically impact the performance of our products. Our research and development expenses were $126.8 million, $185.9 million, and $165.7 million for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. While we expect our research and development expenses to continue to reduce in 2026 from 2025, we expect research and development expenses will be substantial in 2026 as we develop innovative technologies. Unanticipated problems in developing products could divert substantial resources, which may impair our ability to develop new products and enhancements of existing products and could further increase our costs. We may not be able to achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts, and our business may be adversely affected. As we continually seek to enhance our products, we will incur additional costs to incorporate new or revised features. We might not be to, or determine that it is not in our interests to, raise prices to compensate for any additional costs which may impact our expected return on research and development efforts and .
In addition, the introduction or announcement of new products or product enhancements may shorten the life cycle of our existing products or reduce demand for our current products, thereby offsetting any benefits of successful product introductions and potentially lead to challenges in managing inventory of existing products.
We may not be able to acquire and retain subscribers at all or at historical rates and may decrease which could adversely impact our results of operations and our ability to be profitable.
We have experienced high subscriber growth in past years, but we may not be able to sustain such growth in the future or our subscriber count could decrease. In 2022 and 2023, the number of subscribers grew 43% and 12%, respectively, year-over-year. However, in 2025, our subscriber base declined 7% year-over-year to 2.36 million. Our subscription service is the highest gross margin product we offer. Our revenue growth and profitability are dependent on our ability to continuously attract and retain subscribers, and we cannot be certain that efforts to do so will be successful. Any changes to our subscription offerings, or increases to the offering costs, could have an adverse effect on the success and profitability of our subscription service, attracting new subscribers and retaining existing subscribers. There are many factors that could lead to slowing subscriber growth or a decline in subscribers, including a decline in camera sales, attach rates or retention rates, our to introduce new features, benefits, products, or services that customers desire, of product launches, changes to existing products, services, and pricing that are not received by our customers, or changes in the perceived value of our offerings. If the attach rate is less than what we forecasted, this could have a impact on our overall subscriber growth plans. A in subscribers could have an effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Adverse changes to trade agreements, trade policies, tariffs and import/export regulations may continue to have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.
There is significant uncertainty about the future of trade relationships around the world, including potential changes to trade laws and regulations, trade policies, and tariffs, including uncertainty surrounding proposed tariffs. The United States and other countries in which our products are produced or sold have imposed and may impose additional quotas, duties, tariffs, or other restrictions or regulations, or may adversely adjust prevailing quota, duty, tariff levels, or export or other licensing requirements. Countries, including those where our contract manufacturers are located, may impose retaliatory tariffs or modify and remove tariffs and other trade restrictions in response to a diverse array of factors, including global and national economic and political conditions, which make it impossible for us to predict future developments regarding tariffs and other trade restrictions.
We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and rely on several contract manufacturers, including component vendors, located in China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the U.S., and in other countries to manufacture our products. Our contract manufacturer and component vendor locations expose us to risks associated with doing business globally, including risks related to changes in tariffs or other export and import restrictions, and increased security costs. Recent changes in U.S. trade policy have led to significant volatility in tariffs for imported goods, including GoPro products, among other possible changes. In August 2025, tariffs were increased from 10% to 19% for U.S.-bound cameras made in Thailand and Malaysia. Despite subsequent modifications and delays to the various tariffs, there is heightened uncertainty with respect to trade and tariff policies and regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries, which could continue to alter the global trade environment. If tariffs continue to increase, we would need to increase prices to offset the
tariff costs which could impact demand, absorb the increased cost could impact profitability, or have our products produced in non-tariffed countries which could take significant time and expense. Any increased pricing could lead to reduced demand which would impact our operating results and financial condition. An increase of price could also reduce the competitiveness of our products and enable foreign competitors to offer a lower-priced alternative and gain a larger market share, which would adversely affect our financial condition.
We continue to explore additional manufacturing capabilities outside of China and currently manufacture certain cameras and camera subassemblies in Thailand and Malaysia to mitigate risks of additional tariffs, duties or other restrictions on our products destined for the United States and may choose to transition more manufacturing to other countries. Sales of our products in China are material to our business and represent a significant portion of our revenue. This revenue stream from China is at risk in the event China imposes retaliatory tariffs impacting in-bound sales of our products or imposes any other export restrictions on our products. While we have proactively moved our U.S.-bound camera production outside of China, tariffs have been imposed on those countries, which has an impact on our U.S.-bound production costs. We could make further investments in relocating manufacturing to lower tariff countries, which may not be successful in reducing costs for U.S.-bound production. Any such relocation may require us to incur significant costs, including costs related to country-specific regulatory compliance, facility buildout, supply chain restructuring, workforce training, and potential loss of institutional knowledge, and could result in production or that affect our operating results and financial condition.
Our ability to be profitable relies, in part, on development of effective sales channels and marketing efforts. We depend upon maintaining and developing effective sales channels between our retailers and distributors, as well as direct-to-consumer via GoPro.com, and to develop and implement effective marketing strategies .
Any reduction in sales by our retail and distribution channels could adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and financial condition. We depend on retailers to provide adequate and attractive space for our products and point-of-purchase (POP) displays in their stores and acquiesce to our policies. Some retailers have carried and displayed less inventory, as a result of macroeconomic factors, theft, or lack of available inventory at certain price points or in certain product categories, which has impacted sales. We further depend on our retailers to employ, educate, and motivate their sales personnel to effectively sell our products. If our retailers do not adequately display our products, choose to reduce the space for our products and POP displays in their stores or locate them in less than premium positioning, or choose not to carry some or all of our products or promote competitors’ products over ours or do not effectively explain to customers the advantages of our products, our sales could decrease and our business could be harmed. Increasing retail and distributor sales requires significant investment and resources. For example, we expect continued investment in new POP displays and updating existing POP displays for both existing stores and new retailers which we believe will attract, inform consumers, and assist sales personnel to effectively sell our products; however, there can be no assurance that this investment will lead to increased revenue and profit.
Our ten largest third-party customers, measured by the revenue we derive from them, accounted for 49%, 44% and 44% of our revenue in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. One retailer accounted for 12%, 9% and 9.98% of our revenue for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The loss of a small number of our large customers, or the reduction in business with one or more of our large customers, could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results. In addition, we may choose to temporarily or permanently stop shipping product to customers who do not follow the policies and guidelines in our sales agreements, which could have a material negative effect on our revenues and operating results. Our sales agreements with these large customers do not require them to purchase any contractual amount of our products annually and we grant limited rights to return product to some of these large customers.
Additionally, our brand and product marketing efforts are critical to stimulating consumer demand. We market our products globally through a range of advertising and promotional programs and campaigns, including social media. If we do not successfully market our products or invest sufficient resources in marketing our products, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer as a result.
Our future growth also relies, in part, on our continued ability to attract consumers to our GoPro.com sales channel, which has and will require significant expenditures in marketing, software development and infrastructure. There can be no assurance that this investment will be successful in driving revenue growth.
The digital imaging market is highly competitive. Further, competition has intensified in digital imaging as new market entrants and existing competitors have introduced new, innovative product offerings into our markets. Increased competition could continue to erode our market share and decrease our revenue and profitability.
We compete against established, well-known camera manufacturers such as Canon Inc. and Nikon Corporation, as well as large, diversified electronics companies such as Samsung Electronics Co. and Sony Corporation, and specialty companies such as Arashi Vision Inc. (Insta360), SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd, Garmin Ltd., and the Ricoh Company, Ltd. Many of our competitors have substantial market share, diversified product lines, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research and development and other resources than we do. Additionally, many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as longer operating histories, the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products, broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners or vertically integrated business units, access to larger established customer bases, greater resources to make acquisitions, larger intellectual property portfolios, the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services, the ability to maintain or lower selling prices despite tariffs or other margin pressures, and faster product launches. Further, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products directly in our category. Certain companies have developed cameras designed and packaged to appear similar to our products, which may consumers or consumers from purchasing GoPro products.
Moreover, smartphones and tablets with photo and video functionality have significantly displaced the market for traditional cameras, and the makers of those devices also have mobile and other content editing applications and storage for content captured with those d evices. Our mobile app and subscription offerings may not be as compelling as those offered by other companies, such as Apple, Adobe, or Google, although the mobile application supports content from other platforms including content from iOS and Android. Manufacturers of smartphones and tablets, such as Apple, Google, and Samsung, may continue to design their products for use in a range of conditions similar to our products, including in challenging physical environments and with waterproof capabilities, or develop products with features similar to ours. We rely in part on application marketplaces, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play, to distribute our mobile app. Apple and Google may raise commissions, change or modify rules or functionality for apps on the marketplaces, or make access to our apps more difficult, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
Future profitability depends on our ability to develop new products for new markets with the goal to expand our core community of customers, and we may not be successful in doing so.
Historically, the majority of our profitability has been fueled by the adoption of our HERO and 360-camera products (such as MAX2), extensive mount and accessory ecosystem, and subscription products by people looking to self-capture images of themselves and helping those people create and share compelling and meaningful content with friends, family and followers. We believe that our future profitability depends on continuing to add versatility to our products through timely development, develop new capture perspectives and reach and expand our core community of customers of our products and services, followers, and fans, and then utilizing that energized community as brand ambassadors to an extended community. Despite this, we may not be successful in further maintaining or expanding our existing market.
We may not be able to expand our subscription and service offerings and cannot be certain that these efforts will be successful, and as a result, we may not be able to increase our total addressable market, revenue, or operating profit. We may not be able to maintain or expand our market, revenue and gross margin through this strategy on a timely basis, or at all, or recognize the benefits of our investments in this strategy, and we may not be successful in providing tools that our users adopt or believe are easy to use, which will negatively affect our future growth.
Our profitability also depends on expanding into new markets with new capture perspectives, including with tech-enabled helmets currently in development. We cannot be assured that we will be successful in expanding into markets with new capture perspectives. New markets that we attempt to enter may be highly competitive, and we may have limited experience in those emerging markets. If we are not successful in expanding into additional markets, and enabling new capture perspectives, we might not be able to achieve profitability and we may not recognize benefits from our investment in new areas.
We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet any future capital needs, and any future equity raises may dilute our existing shareholders.
In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances and may seek to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. We may not be able to timely secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, due to among other things, general macroeconomic conditions, including changes in interest rates, market volatility, and inflation.
Additionally, our current credit facilities contain restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, and any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve modified or further restrictive covenants, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Further, even if we are able to obtain additional financing, we may use such proceeds to repay a portion of our debt.
We may need to raise additional equity capital to provide us with liquidity and capital resources to help fund our operations. Any such capital raise involving the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities could impact our existing stockholders who could suffer significant dilution and may have an adverse impact on our stock price.
If we are unable to obtain adequate financing under our credit facility, or alternative sources, such as the issuance of equity, when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In the event additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all, which could require us to delay or limit our operations.
Due to the nature of our business, we are heavily reliant on third parties outside of our control both in terms of our suppliers and for our operations.
We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and instead rely on several contract manufacturers, including component vendors, located in China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the U.S., and in other countries, to manufacture our products. Our ability to meet customer demand depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into the manufacturing of our hardware products and accessories are sourced from third-party suppliers. We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers, including their cost of components, capacity, bandwidth, or costs of their labor, environmental or other practices.
Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply, or from a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. For our camera designs, we incorporate system-on-chips, sensors, lens, batteries and memory solutions that critically impact the performance of our products. These components have unique design and performance profiles, and as a result, it is not commercially practical to support multiple sources for these components for our products. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules, and such lead times could increase as a result of shipping disruptions, global conflicts, including any escalations or expansions of those conflicts, or other factors.
If we lose access to components from a particular supplier, experience increased competition for components, or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a current supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers or submit orders directly through supplier’s vendors of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of
supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to meet our development requirements or to fill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner.
Although we have policies and procedures in place requiring our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with applicable federal, state, local and international requirements, we cannot confirm with certainty that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws (or their interpretation) or if new similar laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. Any re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs to us or disrupt our operations or logistics. Additionally, we rely on third parties such as Amazon Web Services to provide software and enterprise services.
We face substantial risks related to inventory, purchase commitments, and long-lived assets, and we could incur material charges related to these items that adversely affect our operating results.
Our business requires us to coordinate the manufacture and distribution of our products, including our ability to properly stock inventory adequate for our demand. If we do not successfully coordinate with our service providers, we may have insufficient supply of products to meet customer demand or face increased or additional costs, and as a result, we could lose sales, and our financial performance may be adversely affected.
To ensure adequate inventory supply and meet the demands of our retailers and distributors, we must forecast inventory needs and place orders with our contract manufacturers and component suppliers based on our estimates of future demand for particular products as well as accurately track the level of product inventory in the channel to ensure we are not in an over or under supply situation. To the extent we discontinue the manufacturing and sales of any products or services, we must manage the inventory liquidation, supplier commitments and customer expectations.
No assurance can be given that we will not incur charges in future periods related to our inventory management or that we will accurately forecast sales in a future period. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products is affected by many factors, including product introductions by us and our competitors, channel inventory levels, unanticipated changes in general market demand, macroeconomic conditions, including inflation or recession, and consumer confidence. If we do not accurately forecast customer demand for our products, we may in future periods be unable to meet consumer, retailer, or distributor demand for our products, or may be required to incur higher costs to secure the necessary production capacity and components, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Due to seasonal consumer shopping patterns for our products, if sales fall short of projections, our overall financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Seasonal consumer shopping patterns significantly affect our business. We have traditionally experienced greater revenue in the fourth quarter of each year due to demand related to the holiday season, and in some years, greater demand associated with the launch of new products heading into the holiday season. Fourth quarter revenue comprised 31%, 25%, and 29% of our 2025, 2024, and 2023 revenue, respectively. Given the strong seasonal nature of our sales, appropriate forecasting is critical to our operations. We anticipate that this seasonal impact is likely to continue and any shortfalls in expected fourth quarter revenue due to macroeconomic conditions, the inflationary impact on consumers’ share of wallet, product release patterns or delays, declines in the effectiveness of our promotional activities, changes in product mix, charges incurred against new products to support promotional activities for such new products, pricing pressures, supply chain disruptions, shipping delays, or for any other reason, could cause our annual results of operations to significantly. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2025, our revenue and sell-in fell short of our projections partially due to competition, consumer demand and retailer inventory timing.
Generally, we have experienced lower revenue in the first half of the year as a percentage of total revenue for the year, as compared to second half revenue, though this trend is subject to change based on consumer spending patterns and our product release cycle. First half revenue comprised 44%, 43%, and 41% of our annual 2025, 2024, and 2023 revenue, respectively.
Security, data breaches and cyber-attacks could disrupt our web platform, products, services, internal operations, information technology systems, or those of our strategic partners, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation, and cause our stock price to decline significantly.
We are dependent on information systems to develop our products and services, process transactions, manage our supply chain and inventory, ship goods on a timely basis, maintain cost-efficient operations, complete timely and accurate financial reporting, operate GoPro.com, and respond to customer inquiries. In the ordinary course of our business, we electronically collect, use and store sensitive data, including our intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers and suppliers, and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees. Moreover, many of our employees, service providers and third parties work more frequently on a remote or hybrid arrangement basis, which may also result in heightened risks related to consumer privacy, network security and fraud. Cyber-attacks may threaten our information systems and are increasing in their frequency, sophistication, and maleficence, and have become increasingly difficult to detect. As artificial intelligence capabilities improve and are increasingly adopted, we may see cyber-attacks utilizing or exploiting artificial intelligence. Despite the implementation of security measures designed to protect against such , our information technology systems, and those of our strategic partners and third parties on whom we rely, are to cyber-attacks, security , computer viruses , access, natural , terrorism, theft or exposure of confidential data, war and other acts of foreign governments, and of telecommunication, electrical and other systems.
If malicious actors compromise our products and services, including without limitation hacking or breach of such products and services, our business and our reputation will be harmed. While we maintain industry standard cybersecurity insurance, our insurance may be insufficient for a particular incident or may not cover all liabilities incurred by any such attacks.
Our international operations account for a significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses and are subject to challenges and risks. Adverse developments in global economic or geopolitical conditions, or the occurrence of other world events, could materially adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.
Revenue from outside the United States comprised 52%, 64%, and 61% of our revenue in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and we expect international revenue to continue to be significant in the future. As a result, we have been and may again be negatively impacted by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could have a material negative effect on our future operating results. Further, we currently have foreign operations in Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Romania, the United Kingdom (U.K.) and a number of other countries in Europe and Asia. Operating in foreign countries requires significant resources and considerable management attention, and we may enter new geographic markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and deploying our products. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant funds and other resources and we cannot be assured our efforts will be successful. Our focus on international operations may expose us to a number of risks in addition to domestic operations, including but not limited to:
• burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws and regulations or risk of non-compliance, including environmental, packaging and labeling laws or regulations, which can change based on new political conditions;
• delays or disruptions in our supply chain;
• adverse tax effects and foreign exchange controls making it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash;
• the effect of foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including any fluctuations caused by inflation, recessionary concerns, or the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currencies in which we conduct business, including relative to the Eurozone;
• political conditions, economic instability, geopolitical turmoil, civil disturbances, or social unrest in a specific country or region in which we operate, which could have an adverse impact on our operations in that location, for example, the effects of China-Taiwan relations or conflict in the Middle East;
• pandemics; wars and global conflicts, including the ongoing conflicts around the world;
• trade restrictions;
• the imposition of government controls;
• lesser degrees of intellectual property protection;
• tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies;
• a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption; and
• a business culture in which illegal sales practices may be prevalent.
The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Our gross margin can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.
Our gross margin can vary due to consumer demand, competition, product pricing, promotional activities, product lifecycle, product mix, new product introductions, GoPro.com sales mix, subscription activation, renewals, cancellations, costs relating to commodities, supply chain, logistics, shipping, and components, currency exchange rates, trade policy and tariffs, and the complexity and functionality of new product innovations and other factors. For example, our gross margin was 33.6%, 33.8%, and 32.2% for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. In particular, if we are not able to introduce new products in a timely manner at the product cost we expect and within our budgetary constraints, if consumer demand for our products is less than we anticipate, if cancellation rates for our subscription offerings are higher than expected or if there are product pricing, marketing and other initiatives by our competitors to which we need to react or that are initiated by us to drive sales that lower our margins, then our overall gross margin will be less than we project.
As we innovate with new products, we may have lower gross margins that do not deliver a sufficient return on investment. In addition, depending on competition or consumer preferences, we may face higher up-front investments in development to compete or market our products, and increased inventory write-offs. If we are unable to offset these potentially lower margins by enhancing the margins in our product categories, our profitability may be adversely affected.
The impact of these factors on gross margin can create unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results, which may cause volatility in the price of our shares and as a result, harm our liquidity, limit our ability to grow our business, pursue acquisitions, limit our ability to meet our debt obligations, and restrict our ability to compete in our markets.
Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brand.
Our success depends on the value and reputation of our brand, including our primary trademarks “GOPRO,” “HERO,” and the GoPro logos. The GoPro brand is integral to the growth of our business and expansion into new markets. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brand will largely depend on the success of our marketing and merchandising efforts, including through establishing relationships with high profile sporting and entertainment events, venues, sports leagues and sports associations, athletes and celebrity personalities, our ability to provide consistent, high quality products and services, and our consumers’ satisfaction with the technical support and software updates we provide, each of which requires significant expenditures. Failure to grow and maintain our brand, launch new products on schedule and free of defects or negative publicity related to our products, our consumers’ user-generated content, the athletes we sponsor, the celebrities we are associated with, or the labor policies of any of our suppliers or manufacturers could adversely affect our brand, business and operating results. Maintaining and enhancing our brand also requires substantial financial investments, although there is no guarantee that these investments will increase sales of our products or affect our operating results.
Consumers may be injured while engaging in activities with our products, and we may be exposed to claims, or regulations could be imposed, which could adversely affect our brand, operating results, and financial condition.
Consumers use our cameras, mounts, and accessories to self-capture their participation in a wide variety of physical activities, including extreme sports, which in many cases carry the risk of significant injury or death. We may be subject to claims that users have been injured or harmed while using our products, including false claims or erroneous reports relating to safety, security, property damage or privacy issues. Although we maintain insurance to help protect us from the risk of such claims, such insurance may not be sufficient or may not apply to all situations. Similarly, governing sports bodies or proprietors of establishments at which consumers engage in challenging physical activities could seek to ban the use of our products in their events or facilities. For example, in some jurisdictions the mounting of our products on helmets is banned during competitive motorcycle events.
We may be subject to warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers and customers than expected, which could harm our business and operating results.
We generally provide a 12-month warranty on all of our cameras, except in the European Union (the EU), where we provide a two-year warranty. For certain mounts and accessories, where permitted, we provide a lifetime or limited lifetime warranty. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could make us liable for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality and safety of our products could affect our brand image, decrease retailer, distributor and consumer confidence and demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, if defects are not discovered until after consumers purchase our products, they could lose confidence in the technical attributes of our products and our business could be . Also, while our warranty is limited to repairs or returns and replacement, warranty may result in , the occurrence of which could affect our business and operating results. Based on our historical experience with our camera products, we have an established methodology for estimating warranty liabilities with respect to cameras and accessories; however, this methodology may not accurately predict future rates of warranty .
We use artificial intelligence in our business, and its improper use or unintended consequences could adversely affect our reputation and our results of operations.
We have in the past, and will in the future, integrate new and evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), into our products, services and platforms. For example, in the third quarter of 2025, we launched an opt-in AI Training program that enables U.S. subscribers to monetize their GoPro cloud-based content by making it available to help train AI models. We plan to continue to invest in the program and may further expand the program geographically for new subscriber opt-ins. Our investment in the opt-in AI training program and incorporating AI into our products may not be successful over time, which could adversely affect our business, our financial condition, operating results, or cash flow. We also utilize general-purpose artificial intelligence tools in our business and these use cases may become important in our operations over time. As with many new and emerging technologies, AI presents numerous risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business. AI development, adoption, and use is in its early stages, and ineffective or inadequate AI or generative AI development or deployment practices by us or third parties could result in consequences.
Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, AI may give rise to litigation risk, including potential intellectual property, privacy, or cybersecurity liability. AI also presents emerging ethical issues and if our use of AI becomes controversial, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, or legal liability.
Given the complex nature of AI, our use and future plans on implementing AI into our business may be subject to an evolving regulatory landscape. We continue to monitor AI regulatory developments which may reduce the efficiencies we believe to be gained from AI or require further investment.
Risks related to our Intellectual Property and technology licenses
Our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products and services, and our business may suffer if third parties infringe our rights.
We own patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property (collectively, intellectual property) related to aspects of our products, software, services, and designs. Our commercial success may depend in part on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect these rights in the United States and abroad.
We regularly file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research, development, and design as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies, or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We may not have sufficient intellectual property rights in all countries where unauthorized third-party copying or use of our proprietary technology occurs, and the scope of our intellectual property might be more limited in certain countries. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies, or designs and/or may not prevent others from developing competing products, services, technologies or designs. We cannot predict the validity and enforceability of our patents and other intellectual property with certainty.
We have registered, applied to register, and/or used certain of our trademarks in several jurisdictions worldwide. In some of those jurisdictions, third-party registrations, filings, or common law use exist for the same, similar or otherwise related products or services, which could block the registration of or ability to use our marks. Even if we are able to register our marks, competitors may adopt or file similar marks to ours, seek to cancel our trademark registrations, register domain names that mimic or incorporate our marks, or otherwise infringe upon or harm our trademark rights. Although we police our trademark rights carefully, there can be no assurance that we are aware of all third-party uses or that we will prevail in enforcing our rights in all such instances. Any of these negative outcomes could affect the strength, value and effectiveness of our brand, as well as our ability to market our products.
We have also registered domain names for websites that we use in our business, such as GoPro.com, as well as social media handles. If we are unable to protect our domain names or social media handles, our brand, business, and operating results could be adversely affected. Domain names or social media handles similar to ours have already been registered in the United States and elsewhere, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names or social media handles that infringe, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of, our trademarks. In addition, we might not be able to, or may choose not to, acquire, or maintain trademark registrations, domain names, social media handles or other related rights in certain jurisdictions.
Unauthorized third parties may try to copy or reverse engineer our products, infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property, or otherwise gain access to our technology. We may discover unauthorized products in the marketplace that are knock-offs, infringements, or counterfeit reproductions of our products. If we are unable to stop producers or sellers of infringing or counterfeit products, sales of these products could adversely impact our brand and business.
Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. We have initiated legal proceedings to protect our intellectual property rights, and we may file additional actions in the future. For example, on March 29, 2024, we filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission and a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against Arashi Vision Inc. and Arashi Vision (U.S.) LLC, both d/b/a Insta360 (Insta360) , alleging patent infringement of certain GoPro patents related to our cameras and digital imaging technology. Insta360 has filed IPR petitions seeking to challenge the validity of the GoPro patents asserted against Insta360 at the Patent Office’s Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). Initiating infringement proceedings against third parties, as well as defending against IPRs, can be expensive, may take significant time, and may divert management’s attention from other business . The cost of protecting our intellectual property has been and may in the future be substantial, and there is no assurance we will be . Our business could be affected because of any such legal actions, or a finding that any patents-in-suit are or unenforceable. For example, the ITC determined that certain GoPro patent were and certain were not . Additionally, while the PTAB found that Insta360 had to establish unpatentability of most of GoPro’s patent , the PTAB found partial unpatentability on two patents. GoPro is considering its options for appeal of any findings from the ITC and PTAB. These legal actions may in the future lead to additional or countersuits us, which are expensive to and for which there can be no assurance of a outcome. For example, Insta360 has filed three patent actions us in China (Jiangsu High Court, Changsha Intermediate Court IP Tribunal, and Shenzhen Intermediate People’s
Court). Further, parties we bring legal action against could retaliate through non-litigious means, which could harm our business or operations.
We have been, and in the future may be, subject to intellectual property and proprietary rights claims from third parties and may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement.
Third parties, including competitors and non-practicing entities, have made allegations of and brought intellectual property infringement, misappropriation, and other intellectual property rights claims against us, including the matter described in Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we will defend ourselves vigorously against any such existing and future legal proceedings, the effort and expense to support such disputes and litigation is considerable and we may not prevail or obtain favorable outcomes against all such allegations, including in the matter described in Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
If we are unable to maintain, license, or acquire rights to include intellectual property owned by others in the products, services or content distributed by us, our marketing, sales or future business strategy could be affected, or we could be subject to lawsuits relating to our use of this content.
The distribution of GoPro content helps to market our brand, products, and subscription and service. If we cannot continue to acquire rights to distribute user-generated content or to use and distribute music, athlete and celebrity names and likenesses or other content for our original productions or third-party entertainment distribution channels or for our mobile app, our marketing efforts could be diminished, our sales could be harmed and our future content strategy could be adversely affected. In addition, third-party content providers or owners may allege that we have violated their intellectual property rights. If we are unable to obtain sufficient rights, successfully defend our use of or otherwise alter our business practices on a timely basis in response to claims of infringement, misappropriation, misuse or other violation of third-party intellectual property rights, our business may be affected. As a user and distributor of content, we face potential liability for rights of publicity and privacy, as well as copyright, or trademark or other based on the nature and content of materials that we distribute. If we are found to such third-party rights, then our business may .
We may seek licenses from third parties where appropriate, but they could refuse to grant us a license or demand commercially unreasonable terms. Further, an adverse ruling in an infringement proceeding could force us to suspend or permanently cease the production or sale of products/services, face a temporary or permanent injunction, redesign or rebrand our products/services, pay significant settlement costs, pay third-party license fees or damage awards or give up some of our intellectual property. The occurrence of any of these events may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, or cash flows.
We use open-source software in our platform that may subject our technology to general release or require us to re-engineer our solutions, which may harm our business.
We use open-source software in connection with our products and services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open-source software into their products or services have faced claims challenging the ownership of open-source software and/or compliance with open-source license terms. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open-source software or noncompliance with open-source licensing terms. Some open-source software licenses require users who distribute or make available open-source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of our proprietary source code to such software or make available any derivative works of the open-source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor our use of open-source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open-source agreement, such use could nevertheless occur despite policies and controls that we have in place, and we may be required to publicly release our proprietary source code, pay for of contract, re-engineer our applications, sales in the event re-engineering cannot be on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may resources away from our development efforts, any of which could affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of open-source software can involve greater risks than those associated with use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide
warranties, assurances of title, performance, non-infringement, or controls on the origin of the software. There is typically no support available for open-source software, and we cannot assure you that the authors of such open-source software will not abandon further development and maintenance. Open-source software may contain security vulnerabilities, and we may be subject to additional security risk by using open-source software. Many of the risks associated with the use of open-source software cannot be eliminated, and could, if not properly addressed, negatively affect our business. We have established processes to help alleviate these risks, including a review process for screening requests from our development organizations for the use of open-source software, but we cannot be sure that all open-source software is identified or submitted for approval prior to use in our solution.
Risks related to regulatory compliance
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Personal privacy, data protection and information security are significant issues in the United States and the other jurisdictions where we offer our products and services. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and various state, local and foreign regulators, and agencies. Our agreements with certain customers and business partners may also subject us to certain requirements related to our processing of personal information, including obligations to use industry-standard or reasonable security measures to safeguard personal information.
The United States and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals, including end-customers and employees. In the United States, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws to the online collection, use, processing, storage, deletion, and dissemination of personal information. Further, all states have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving personal information.
We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, the EU and other jurisdictions, and we cannot always predict the impact of such future laws, regulations, and standards may have on our business. We expect that existing laws, regulations, and standards may even be interpreted differently or inconsistently relative to each other in the future. California initiated the first wave of state consumer privacy laws by enacting the California Consumer Privacy Act (the CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (the CPRA). Following California's lead, several other states have enacted privacy laws. Failure to comply with these new state regulations may result in significant civil penalties, injunctive relief, or statutory or actual damages. Complying with this new privacy legislation may result in additional costs and expenses.
Additionally, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including Australia, the EU, the U.K., India, Japan, and numerous other jurisdictions in which we operate or conduct our business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection, use, processing, storage, and deletion of personal information obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the United States.
For example, in the EU and the U.K., the respective EU or U.K. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes more stringent data protection requirements, provides an enforcement authority, and imposes large penalties for noncompliance. If we fail to comply with the respective GDPR or if regulators assert that we have failed to comply with the GDPR, we may be subject to fines of up to 4% of our worldwide annual revenue under EU GDPR requirements and up to 4% of our worldwide annual turnover under the UK’s implementation of GDPR.
Among other requirements, both the EU and U.K. GDPR regulate transfers of personal data outside of the EU and U.K., respectively, to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to personal data, including the United States, requiring that certain steps are taken to legitimize those transfers. We have undertaken certain efforts to conform transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area or the U.K. to
the United States and other jurisdictions based on our understanding of current regulatory obligations and the guidance of regulators and data protection authorities. Despite this, we may be unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining conforming means of transferring such data from the European Economic Area or the U.K. particularly as a result of continued legal and legislative activity that has challenged or called into question the legal basis for existing means of data transfers to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection for personal data. We continue to monitor these regulatory and legal developments.
In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards. These and other industry standards may legally or contractually apply to us, or we may elect to comply with such standards. It is possible that if our practices are not consistent, or are viewed as not consistent, with legal and regulatory requirements, including changes in laws, regulations and standards or new interpretations or applications of existing laws, regulations and standards, we may become subject to audits, inquiries, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, fines, awards, penalties, injunctions, judgments, or criminal or civil sanctions, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation, and financial condition.
Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, as well as changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use or disclose information relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our products, require us to restrict our business operations, increase our costs, and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.
We could be adversely affected by violations of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the United Kingdom Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.
The global nature of our business and the significance of our international revenue create various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010 (the U.K. Bribery Act), and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit United States based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-United States officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to another, or securing a competitive advantage. In addition, United States public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, United States companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by their directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As such, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or and , which could have a material effect on our business, reputation, operating results, and financial condition.
We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from several countries, which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot be assured that our directors, officers, employees, agents or other strategic or local partners or representatives will not engage in prohibited conduct and render us responsible under the FCPA or the U.K. Bribery Act. While we have compliance programs in place, they may not be effective to prevent violations from occurring and our directors, officers, employees, or agents may engage in prohibited conduct, nonetheless. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the U.K. Act or other anti- or anti- laws (either due to the acts or inadvertence of our employees or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could or civil or other sanctions, which could have a material effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.
The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements, and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies and products. The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s
Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection administer regulations that restrict U.S. persons in conducting certain export and import activities, as well as conducting business with or in certain countries, governments, entities, and individuals. Our activities and products are consequently subject to United States import, economic sanctions and export control laws, and exports and imports of our products must be made in compliance with such laws, which are complex and continuously changing. Furthermore, United States export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons, and for specified end uses, that are targeted by United States economic sanctions and export control laws. Even though we have established procedures designed to enable our compliance with United States sanctions and export control laws, and it is our policy not to do business with any countries or customers located in countries targeted by comprehensive U.S. economic sanctions, our products, including our firmware updates, could inadvertently be provided to targets of U.S. economic sanctions and export control laws, or could be provided by our customers to those targets. Any such provision, as well as any other activity or transaction contrary to U.S. economic sanctions and export control laws, could have negative consequences, including government , of export privileges, and reputational . Our to obtain required import or export approval for our products or activities could our international and domestic sales and affect our business, revenue and results of operations.
We could also become subject to future enforcement action with respect to compliance with governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that result in penalties, costs, and restrictions on export privileges that could have a material effect on our business and operating results.
Risks related to ownership of our Class A common stock
Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile.
Since 2023, our closing stock price ranged from a high of $6.46 in the first quarter of 2023 to a low of $0.48 in the second quarter of 2025. Our stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly operating results, changes in our financial projections provided to the public or our failure to meet those projections, the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC, significant transactions, or new features, products or services offered by us or our competitors, changes in our business lines and product lineup, changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts, media coverage of our business and financial performance, the operating and stock price performance of, or other developments involving, other companies that investors may deem comparable to us, trends in our industry, trade regulation, any significant change in our management, and general economic conditions. Our existing liquidity and capital resources may not be sufficient to sustain our business conditions and debt obligations, we may need to raise additional capital through the issuance of additional shares which may have an adverse impact on our stock price. These factors, as well as the volatility of our Class A common stock, could also affect our ability to recruit and retain employees.
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for companies in our industry, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to operating performance. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance. Price volatility over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our own stock to exceed the stock’s price at a given point in time. In addition, some companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We have been subject to past shareholder class action lawsuits as well as derivative lawsuits and may continue to be a target for such litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and liability and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business. See Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees, in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion on legal proceedings .
If we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, or other market expectations, our stock price may decline significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on investor confidence and employee retention. A sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization could lead to impairment charges.
We review goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment arise, and should market conditions or macroeconomic conditions continue to deteriorate, including a rise in inflationary pressures and inte rest rates, a sustained decline in our share price, or a decline in our results of operations, the result of such review may indicate a decline in the fair value of goodwill resulting in an impairment charge. In the event we are required to record a non-cash impairment charge to our goodwill, other intangibles, and/or long-lived assets, such non-cash charge could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in the reporting period in which we record the charge. For example, in the first quarter of 2025 , we conducted a quantitative impairment test and concluded that the carrying value of our single reporting unit exceeded our fair value, resulting in the recognition of an $18.6 million goodwill charge. Additional goodwill charges may be necessary in the future quarters.
Our stock price has been, and may in the future be, affected by atypical retailer investor interest.
In the third quarter of 2025, we experienced high price volatility in our Class A common stock, including atypical retail investor interest caused largely by social media. The coordinated trading activity, amplified by individuals on online forums and social media, may have contributed to a rapid increase in the market price of our Class A common stock. Such trading activity may be unrelated to our financial results, and as a result, may cause a situation where our results of operations were not tied to our performance. Because of the volatility in the price of our Class A common stock, investors may have purchased shares at artificially inflated prices and could incur substantial losses. Additionally, anomalous trading activity caused by atypical retailer investor interest or other reasons may occur in the future, resulting in increased or extremely high trading volume and high volatility.
Our Class A common stock may cease to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
On March 6, 2026, our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Global Select Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (Bid Price Requirement). Should our Class A common stock trade below the minimum Bid Price Requirement for 30 consecutive business days, the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq) will send a notice to us that, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we will be provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days from receipt of such notice, to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price for the Class A common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days prior to the end of the 180-day period. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance or that Nasdaq will extend the compliance period.
If we do not regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement by the end of the 180-day period, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period, either by submitting an application to transfer the listing of the Class A common stock to The Nasdaq Capital Market, or we can apply directly to Nasdaq, without transferring to The Nasdaq Capital Market, for an additional 180-day extension, which we may not be successful at obtaining. In that case, we would also need to pay an application fee to Nasdaq and provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the additional compliance period. As part of its review process, Nasdaq will make a determination of whether it believes we will be able to cure this deficiency.
If we do not regain compliance within the applicable compliance period(s), Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that the Class A common stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, we may appeal the delisting determination to a hearings panel.
We intend to monitor the closing bid price of the Class A common stock and may, if appropriate, consider taking actions to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement, including, subject to approval of our Board of Directors and our Class A and Class B stockholders, implementing a reverse stock split. However, there can be no assurance that, if we were to engage in a reverse stock split, it would not create an additional deficiency with Nasdaq listing standards.
Similar declines below the Bid Price Requirement have occurred in the past and we have previously received notices of non-compliance from Nasdaq. For example, on March 25, 2025, we received a letter from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that, for thirty consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below the Bid Price Requirement. However, on August 5, 2025, we received a letter from Nasdaq confirming that we had regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and that the matter had been closed.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement as we have done in the past or will otherwise be in compliance with other applicable Nasdaq listing rules within the applicable compliance period(s), that we will be able to successfully implement a reverse stock split, or, if we receive a delisting determination and decide to appeal the delisting determination, that such appeal would be successful.
Currently, there is no immediate effect on the listing of the Class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, and the Class A common stock will continue to trade on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GPRO,” subject to our compliance with the other continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Select Market. If our Class A common stock were to be delisted from The Nasdaq Global Select Market, we might or might not be eligible to list our shares on another market. Such a delisting could negatively impact us by, among other things, reducing the liquidity and market price of our Class A common stock. Additionally, if our Class A common stock were to be delisted, we would be subject to an event of default under the 2025 Credit Agreement or the 2025 Term Loan.
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our CEO, and we cannot predict the effect our dual class structure may have on our stock price or our business.
Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock hold approximately 65.9% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of December 31, 2025, with Mr. Woodman, our Chairman and CEO, holding approximately 63.3% of the outstanding voting power. Mr. Woodman is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction. This concentrated control could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets that our other stockholders support, or conversely this concentrated control could result in the consummation of such a transaction that our other stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could also discourage a potential investor from acquiring our Class A common stock due to the limited voting power of such stock relative to the Class B common stock and might harm the trading price of our Class A common stock.
In addition, we cannot predict whether our dual class structure, combined with the concentrated control by Mr. Woodman, will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers, including FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones, previously announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes that were then reversed. Because of our dual class structure, we may be excluded from these indexes in the future if new restrictions are announced, and we cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
Issuances of Class A common stock pursuant to our securities purchase agreement with YA II PN, Ltd., or other future equity financings or strategic transactions, will dilute the percentage of outstanding shares represented by our Class B common stock and could trigger an automatic conversion pursuant to the provisions of our corporate governance documents. An automatic conversion of our Class B common stock will be triggered when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than ten percent 10% of the aggregate number of our shares of common stock then outstanding. Each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock upon such triggering event, which would eliminate the dual class structure and the concentrated voting control described above.
Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a
period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders and could prevent the Class A common stock holders from receiving a takeover premium.
Risks related to our indebtedness
We have indebtedness in the form of convertible senior notes and credit agreements.
On August 4, 2025, we entered into a second lien credit agreement pursuant to which we borrowed $50.0 million. On November 5, 2025, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the credit agreement and on February 27, 2026 we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the credit agreement (collectively, the 2025 Term Loan), in each case to modify certain financial covenants. The 2025 Term Loan is separate from our outstanding credit agreement which provides for a revolving credit facility, as amended from time to time (2021 Credit Facility, and together with the 2025 Term Loan, the Credit Facilities) and under which we have borrowed an additional $50.0 million.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to repay our indebtedness when due, or that we will be able to finance our indebtedness, all or in part, on acceptable terms. In addition, our indebtedness could, among other things:
• heighten our vulnerability to adverse general economic conditions and heightened competitive pressures;
• require us to dedicate a larger portion of our cash flow from operations to interest payments, limiting the availability of cash for other purposes;
• limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry;
• place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged; and
• impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate purposes, or other purposes.
We may be required to seek a waiver of compliance or seek negotiations to further amend the 2025 Term Loan. The lenders may not provide any additional waiver(s) of compliance with the 2025 Term Loan or further amend the 2025 Term Loan.
Any of our future indebtedness may contain similar restrictions. A default under the indentures or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness, including our Credit Facilities. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay our indebtedness.
Our credit agreements impose restrictions on us that may adversely affect our ability to operate our business.
Both the 2025 Term Loan and the 2021 Credit Facility contain restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions, or otherwise impact our liquidity. Specifically, the 2025 Term Loan, as amended, revised the financial covenants to adjust the minimum EBITDA, minimum liquidity amount, and asset coverage ratio requirements. Our ability to comply with any particular financial covenant under the Credit Facilities depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control (including, but not limited to, tariffs and component cost increases), and could result in material adverse consequences that negatively impact our business.
If we anticipate non-compliance with the restrictive covenants of either of the Credit Facilities, we may seek further covenant waivers or amendments from our lenders. We may also seek additional sources of financing to avoid a default under either of the Credit Facilities. We may not be able to obtain the necessary waiver or amendments or secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all.
Failure to comply with any particular covenant could result in default. In addition, each of the Credit Facilities and the convertible debentures (the Convertible Debentures) issued to YA II PN, Ltd. contain a cross-default provision whereby a default under one agreement would result in default under the agreements covering other borrowings
and vice versa. The occurrence of a default under any of these borrowing arrangements would permit the lenders under the Credit Facilities and Convertible Debentures to declare all amounts outstanding under those borrowing arrangements to be immediately due and payable. If our lenders accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to repay those borrowings.
Exercise of our outstanding warrants or Convertible Debentures will dilute the ownership interest of our existing stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.
Exercise of our outstanding warrants or Convertible Debentures will dilute the ownership interest of our existing stockholders. In the future, we may issue additional securities to raise capital. We may also acquire interests in other companies by using a combination of cash and our common stock or just our common stock. Any of these events may dilute a stockholder’s ownership interest in GoPro and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
On August 4, 2025, in connection with entry into the 2025 Term Loan, we issued and sold warrants to purchase up to 11,076,968 shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable, in whole or in part, at an exercise price of $0.75 per share (either through cash or cashless settlement) and may be exercised at any time until the ten-year anniversary of the issuance date. The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the holder into Class A common stock equal to the principal amount requested to be converted plus all accrued and unpaid interest on the Convertible Debentures as of such conversion divided by the lower of (i) $1.1453, or (ii) 98% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Class A common stock during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date of conversion or other date of determination, but which shall not be lower than $0.1736. Any portion of the Convertible Debentures may be converted at any time and from time to time, subject to the limitations on share issuance under the Nasdaq listing rules.
Any sales in the public market of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon such exercise of such warrants, or the anticipation of such exercises and sales, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices of our Class A common stock. Additionally, the existence of such warrants may encourage short selling by market participants because the exercise of such warrants could be used to satisfy short positions, or because the anticipated exercise of such warrants for shares of Class A common stock could depress the price of our Class A common stock. These warrants, if exercised, would dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders in future periods.
General Risk Factors
Our effective tax rate and the intended tax benefits of our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how we operate our business, and such tax rates and tax benefits may change in the future.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various jurisdictions outside the United States. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in, or our interpretation of, tax law changes and related new or revised guidance and regulations, changes in our geographical earnings mix, unfavorable government reviews of our tax returns, material differences between our forecasted and actual annual effective tax rates, or by evolving enforcement practices.
We are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the United States Internal Revenue Service and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and other taxes and have reserved for adjustments that may result from the current examinations. The final determination of tax audits and any related legal proceedings could materially differ from amounts reflected in our income tax provisions and accruals. In such case, our income tax provision and cash flows in the period or periods in which that determination is made could be negatively affected.
We may grow our business in part through acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, and partnerships, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results.
We have completed several acquisitions in the past, and in February 2024 we acquired Forcite Helmet Systems, an Australian-based company that offers tech-enabled helmets. We may evaluate additional acquisitions, partnerships, or joint ventures with, or strategic investments in, other companies, products or technologies that we believe are complementary to our business. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to third-party or government approvals, which are beyond our control. Consequently, we can make no assurance that these transactions, once undertaken and announced, will close, and even if they close, we can make no assurances that our integration of any such acquired company will be successful.
Our aspirations and disclosures related to broader social and ethical initiatives, as well as increased scrutiny and expectations from investors and others regarding non-financial performance factors, could result in additional costs and/or risks, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and stock price performance.
Some investors may use non-financial performance factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our related policies and actions are inadequate. The investor demand for measurement of non-financial performance is addressed by third-party providers of assessments and ratings on companies. The criteria by which our practices are assessed may change due to the constant evolution of the landscape, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. If we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria, investors and other stakeholders may conclude that our related policies and/or actions are inadequate. There have also been increasing allegations of misleading claims against companies making significant non-financial commitments due to a variety of perceived in performance. As stakeholder perceptions of these matters continue to evolve, we may face reputational and potential stakeholder engagement and/or in the event that we do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. In addition, there exists certain among some individuals and government departments to use non-financial performance factors, and we may also face , reputational risk, lawsuits, or market access restrictions from these parties regarding our initiatives.
In June 2024, we published a summary highlighting our ongoing efforts to reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions in our U.S. locations and our commitment to legal and ethical business practices. These statements are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them. Our ability to achieve any objectives is subject to numerous risks, many of which are outside of our control. Examples of such risks include the availability and cost of renewable energy sources, evolving consumer protection and other regulatory laws applicable to these matters, and the availability of funds to invest in related initiatives in times where we are seeking to reduce costs. As a result, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope, target, and timelines of previously announced initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, regulators, customers, employees, and other stakeholders, if our initiatives are not executed as planned, or if we to implement sufficient oversight or accurately capture and related matters, our reputation and business, operating results, and financial condition could be impacted.
Catastrophic events or political instability could disrupt and cause harm to our business.
Our headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, an area susceptible to earthquakes. A major earthquake or other natural disaster, fire, threat of fire, act of terrorism, public health issues or other catastrophic event in California or elsewhere that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business operations or information technology systems could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our future operating results could be harmed. Our key manufacturing, supply and distribution partners have global operations in, among other countries, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United States. Political instability, global conflicts, public health issues, crises, pandemics, or other catastrophic events in any of those countries, including as a result of climate change, could affect our business in the future, our financial condition and operating results.
