GPRO Gopro, Inc. - 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before making an investment decision. We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control, that have in the past and could in the future materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risk factors below do not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. In that event, the trading price of our shares may decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.

Risks related to our business and industry

We have incurred substantial operating losses in the last several years, and we may not be able to achieve revenue growth or profitability in the future, and if revenue growth or profitability is achieved, we may not be able to sustain it.

In 2025, we incurred an operating loss of $83.3 million due to the combination of delayed product launches, competition, and the effect of macroeconomic conditions on our business, including tariff volatility, inflation, market volatility, economic recession concerns, and a temporary U.S. government shutdown. We cannot be certain that we will be able to return to profitability through a combination of revenue growth, gross margin improvement, and actions we have taken and will continue to take to reduce our operating expenses. For example, our annual revenue decreased from $801.5 million in 2024 to $651.5 million in 2025. In addition, we incurred an operating loss of $135.0 million in 2024.

Looking ahead, we may experience lower levels of revenue, or lower gross margin for a variety of reasons, including, among other factors: ineffective or untimely investments in product innovation and development; product cost overruns; any delays or issues with our new product launches, such as the delayed launch of MAX2; increased component costs, including both the cost and supply of memory and other semiconductors; lower levels of marketing and advertising spend and its effectiveness thereof; increasing freight rates; shipping delays; increased supply chain costs; lower average sales pricing for our cameras; or a recession or other sustained adverse market events such as volatility of tariff rates that materially impacts consumer purchases of discretionary items, such as our products. For example, recently, prices for critical memory components have increased by more than 80% and price increases are expected to continue in 2026. Currency exchange rate fluctuations may also negatively impact revenue and gross margin. While we have taken and will continue to take actions to moderate operating expenses, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to return to profitability through a combination of revenue growth, significant gross margin improvement, and operating expense reductions.

We may continue to experience fluctuating revenue, expenses, and profitability for a number of reasons, including other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that impact our revenue growth or profitability.

We are taking a multi-pronged approach to regaining profitability with a focus on continued innovation and new product introductions while effectively managing and implementing cost-saving measures where appropriate, which may not be effective to restore profitability in our business.

In order to become profitable, and manage our margin, we must continue to innovate, develop and introduce new products on schedule, enhance our current product offerings, grow our customer base, and stimulate customer demand for new and next-generation products and services. Our product and service offerings are at the core of our business model.

In order to manage our profitability, we will need to effectively manage our existing resources and may also have to continue to reduce costs. We previously implemented company-wide restructurings of our business, including in March 2024, August 2024 and October 2024, resulting in a reduction in our global workforce, the elimination of certain open positions and reduction of certain office space, as well as the elimination of several high-cost initiatives, to optimize our cost structure and focus our resources on cameras, accessories, subscription and service, and tech-enabled helmets. In 2025, we reduced our spending on research and development by 32% and decreased our spending on marketing by 37%.

Reductions in force may result in unintended consequences and costs, such as the loss of institutional knowledge and expertise, attrition beyond the intended number of employees, decreased morale among our remaining employees, difficulty in recruiting employees in the future, and the risk that we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the reduction in force. In addition, while positions have been eliminated, certain functions necessary to our operations remain, and we may be unsuccessful in distributing the responsibilities of departed employees among our remaining employees.

Furthermore, all of our employees, including our executive officers, are free to terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry may be difficult to replace. If

key employees leave, we may not be able to fully integrate new personnel or replicate the prior working relationships, and our operations could suffer as a result.

Job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Fluctuations in the price of our Class A common stock may make it more difficult or costly to use equity compensation to motivate, incentivize and retain our employees. For example, since 2023, our closing stock price ranged from a high of $6.46 in the first quarter of 2023 to a low of $0.48 in the second quarter of 2025. If we are unable to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, we may not be able to achieve our strategic objectives, and our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

The reduction in workforce could also make it difficult for us to pursue, or prevent us from pursuing, new opportunities and initiatives due to insufficient personnel, or require us to incur additional and unanticipated costs to hire new personnel to pursue such opportunities or initiatives. If we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the reductions in force, or if we experience significant adverse consequences from the reductions in force, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. We may undertake further similar cost-saving initiatives, which may include additional restructuring or workforce reductions.

Our products are highly dependent on the availability and cost of key components, including memory, microprocessors, and other semiconductors, and recent price volatility, limited availability, and anticipated cost increases may put further downward pressure on our gross margins and impair our ability to become profitable.

Key components of our products include memory, microprocessors, and other semiconductors. There has been a worldwide, unprecedented shortage of available semiconductor components due to the increase of demand by artificial intelligence data centers, which require substantially higher processing bandwidth and memory capacity, competition from other consumer products that use similar components as our cameras, and manufacturing capacity constraints, including back-end assembly and test. Memory component prices have recently increased significantly year-over-year, as much as 80%. The significant industry-wide shortages and volatility in selling prices could continue to adversely affect our business as we compete for these components in the marketplace. If the price of semiconductors and other critical components increase and the lack of availability continues, we may need to increase prices to offset these significant component costs or we may not be able to manufacture enough products to meet forecasted demand. An increase in our product prices could lead to reduced consumer demand, which would adversely affect our business, revenue, and results of operations.

To remain competitive and stimulate consumer demand, we must effectively manage product introductions, product transitions, and product pricing.

We believe that we must continually develop and introduce new products on schedule and within budget, enhance our existing products, anticipate consumer preferences, and effectively stimulate consumer demand for new and upgraded products and services to maintain or increase our revenue. Our products and services are subject to changing consumer preferences that cannot be predicted with certainty and development lead times may make it more difficult for us to respond rapidly to new or changing consumer preferences. The markets for our products and services are characterized by intense competition, evolving distribution models, disruptive technology developments, short product life cycles, customer price sensitivity and frequent product introductions.

The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to, timely and successful research and development of next generation system-on-chips, pricing, market and consumer acceptance, the ability to successfully identify and originate product trends, effective forecasting and management of product demand, purchase commitments and inventory levels, availability of products in appropriate quantities to meet anticipated demand, ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our new products from third-party suppliers, management of any changes in major component suppliers, management of manufacturing and supply costs, management of risks and delays associated with new product design and production ramp-up issues, logistics, and the risk that new products may have quality issues or other defects or bugs in the early stages of introduction including testing of new parts and features.

Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial expenses to support the development of our next generation cameras, tech-enabled helmets, software applications, and other products

and services. In particular, our flagship camera designs incorporate custom system-on-chip (SoC), image sensors, lens, batteries, and memory solutions that critically impact the performance of our products. Our research and development expenses were $126.8 million, $185.9 million, and $165.7 million for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. While we expect our research and development expenses to continue to reduce in 2026 from 2025, we expect research and development expenses will be substantial in 2026 as we develop innovative technologies. Unanticipated problems in developing products could divert substantial resources, which may impair our ability to develop new products and enhancements of existing products and could further increase our costs. We may not be able to achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts, and our business may be adversely affected. As we continually seek to enhance our products, we will incur additional costs to incorporate new or revised features. We might not be able to, or determine that it is not in our interests to, raise prices to compensate for any additional costs which may impact our expected return on research and development efforts and profitability.

In addition, the introduction or announcement of new products or product enhancements may shorten the life cycle of our existing products or reduce demand for our current products, thereby offsetting any benefits of successful product introductions and potentially lead to challenges in managing inventory of existing products.

We may not be able to acquire and retain subscribers at all or at historical rates and may decrease which could adversely impact our results of operations and our ability to be profitable.

We have experienced high subscriber growth in past years, but we may not be able to sustain such growth in the future or our subscriber count could decrease. In 2022 and 2023, the number of subscribers grew 43% and 12%, respectively, year-over-year. However, in 2025, our subscriber base declined 7% year-over-year to 2.36 million. Our subscription service is the highest gross margin product we offer. Our revenue growth and profitability are dependent on our ability to continuously attract and retain subscribers, and we cannot be certain that efforts to do so will be successful. Any changes to our subscription offerings, or increases to the offering costs, could have an adverse effect on the success and profitability of our subscription service, attracting new subscribers and retaining existing subscribers. There are many factors that could lead to slowing subscriber growth or a decline in subscribers, including a decline in camera sales, attach rates or retention rates, our failure to introduce new features, benefits, products, or services that customers desire, delay of product launches, changes to existing products, services, and pricing that are not favorably received by our customers, or changes in the perceived value of our offerings. If the attach rate is less than what we forecasted, this could have a negative impact on our overall subscriber growth plans. A decline in subscribers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Adverse changes to trade agreements, trade policies, tariffs and import/export regulations may continue to have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.

There is significant uncertainty about the future of trade relationships around the world, including potential changes to trade laws and regulations, trade policies, and tariffs, including uncertainty surrounding proposed tariffs. The United States and other countries in which our products are produced or sold have imposed and may impose additional quotas, duties, tariffs, or other restrictions or regulations, or may adversely adjust prevailing quota, duty, tariff levels, or export or other licensing requirements. Countries, including those where our contract manufacturers are located, may impose retaliatory tariffs or modify and remove tariffs and other trade restrictions in response to a diverse array of factors, including global and national economic and political conditions, which make it impossible for us to predict future developments regarding tariffs and other trade restrictions.

We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and rely on several contract manufacturers, including component vendors, located in China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the U.S., and in other countries to manufacture our products. Our contract manufacturer and component vendor locations expose us to risks associated with doing business globally, including risks related to changes in tariffs or other export and import restrictions, and increased security costs. Recent changes in U.S. trade policy have led to significant volatility in tariffs for imported goods, including GoPro products, among other possible changes. In August 2025, tariffs were increased from 10% to 19% for U.S.-bound cameras made in Thailand and Malaysia. Despite subsequent modifications and delays to the various tariffs, there is heightened uncertainty with respect to trade and tariff policies and regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries, which could continue to alter the global trade environment. If tariffs continue to increase, we would need to increase prices to offset the

tariff costs which could impact demand, absorb the increased cost could impact profitability, or have our products produced in non-tariffed countries which could take significant time and expense. Any increased pricing could lead to reduced demand which would impact our operating results and financial condition. An increase of price could also reduce the competitiveness of our products and enable foreign competitors to offer a lower-priced alternative and gain a larger market share, which would adversely affect our financial condition.

We continue to explore additional manufacturing capabilities outside of China and currently manufacture certain cameras and camera subassemblies in Thailand and Malaysia to mitigate risks of additional tariffs, duties or other restrictions on our products destined for the United States and may choose to transition more manufacturing to other countries. Sales of our products in China are material to our business and represent a significant portion of our revenue. This revenue stream from China is at risk in the event China imposes retaliatory tariffs impacting in-bound sales of our products or imposes any other export restrictions on our products. While we have proactively moved our U.S.-bound camera production outside of China, tariffs have been imposed on those countries, which has an impact on our U.S.-bound production costs. We could make further investments in relocating manufacturing to lower tariff countries, which may not be successful in reducing costs for U.S.-bound production. Any such relocation may require us to incur significant costs, including costs related to country-specific regulatory compliance, facility buildout, supply chain restructuring, workforce training, and potential loss of institutional knowledge, and could result in production delays or shortages that adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to be profitable relies, in part, on development of effective sales channels and marketing efforts. We depend upon maintaining and developing effective sales channels between our retailers and distributors, as well as direct-to-consumer via GoPro.com, and to develop and implement effective marketing strategies .

Any reduction in sales by our retail and distribution channels could adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and financial condition. We depend on retailers to provide adequate and attractive space for our products and point-of-purchase (POP) displays in their stores and acquiesce to our policies. Some retailers have carried and displayed less inventory, as a result of macroeconomic factors, theft, or lack of available inventory at certain price points or in certain product categories, which has impacted sales. We further depend on our retailers to employ, educate, and motivate their sales personnel to effectively sell our products. If our retailers do not adequately display our products, choose to reduce the space for our products and POP displays in their stores or locate them in less than premium positioning, or choose not to carry some or all of our products or promote competitors’ products over ours or do not effectively explain to customers the advantages of our products, our sales could decrease and our business could be harmed. Increasing retail and distributor sales requires significant investment and resources. For example, we expect continued investment in new POP displays and updating existing POP displays for both existing stores and new retailers which we believe will attract, inform consumers, and assist sales personnel to effectively sell our products; however, there can be no assurance that this investment will lead to increased revenue and profit.

Our ten largest third-party customers, measured by the revenue we derive from them, accounted for 49%, 44% and 44% of our revenue in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. One retailer accounted for 12%, 9% and 9.98% of our revenue for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The loss of a small number of our large customers, or the reduction in business with one or more of our large customers, could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results. In addition, we may choose to temporarily or permanently stop shipping product to customers who do not follow the policies and guidelines in our sales agreements, which could have a material negative effect on our revenues and operating results. Our sales agreements with these large customers do not require them to purchase any contractual amount of our products annually and we grant limited rights to return product to some of these large customers.

Additionally, our brand and product marketing efforts are critical to stimulating consumer demand. We market our products globally through a range of advertising and promotional programs and campaigns, including social media. If we do not successfully market our products or invest sufficient resources in marketing our products, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer as a result.

Our future growth also relies, in part, on our continued ability to attract consumers to our GoPro.com sales channel, which has and will require significant expenditures in marketing, software development and infrastructure. There can be no assurance that this investment will be successful in driving revenue growth.

The digital imaging market is highly competitive. Further, competition has intensified in digital imaging as new market entrants and existing competitors have introduced new, innovative product offerings into our markets. Increased competition could continue to erode our market share and decrease our revenue and profitability.

We compete against established, well-known camera manufacturers such as Canon Inc. and Nikon Corporation, as well as large, diversified electronics companies such as Samsung Electronics Co. and Sony Corporation, and specialty companies such as Arashi Vision Inc. (Insta360), SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd, Garmin Ltd., and the Ricoh Company, Ltd. Many of our competitors have substantial market share, diversified product lines, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research and development and other resources than we do. Additionally, many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as longer operating histories, the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products, broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners or vertically integrated business units, access to larger established customer bases, greater resources to make acquisitions, larger intellectual property portfolios, the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services, the ability to maintain or lower selling prices despite tariffs or other margin pressures, and faster product launches. Further, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products directly in our category. Certain companies have developed cameras designed and packaged to appear similar to our products, which may confuse consumers or distract consumers from purchasing GoPro products.

Moreover, smartphones and tablets with photo and video functionality have significantly displaced the market for traditional cameras, and the makers of those devices also have mobile and other content editing applications and storage for content captured with those d evices. Our mobile app and subscription offerings may not be as compelling as those offered by other companies, such as Apple, Adobe, or Google, although the mobile application supports content from other platforms including content from iOS and Android. Manufacturers of smartphones and tablets, such as Apple, Google, and Samsung, may continue to design their products for use in a range of conditions similar to our products, including in challenging physical environments and with waterproof capabilities, or develop products with features similar to ours. We rely in part on application marketplaces, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play, to distribute our mobile app. Apple and Google may raise commissions, change or modify rules or functionality for apps on the marketplaces, or make access to our apps more difficult, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Future profitability depends on our ability to develop new products for new markets with the goal to expand our core community of customers, and we may not be successful in doing so.

Historically, the majority of our profitability has been fueled by the adoption of our HERO and 360-camera products (such as MAX2), extensive mount and accessory ecosystem, and subscription products by people looking to self-capture images of themselves and helping those people create and share compelling and meaningful content with friends, family and followers. We believe that our future profitability depends on continuing to add versatility to our products through timely development, develop new capture perspectives and reach and expand our core community of customers of our products and services, followers, and fans, and then utilizing that energized community as brand ambassadors to an extended community. Despite this, we may not be successful in further maintaining or expanding our existing market.

We may not be able to expand our subscription and service offerings and cannot be certain that these efforts will be successful, and as a result, we may not be able to increase our total addressable market, revenue, or operating profit. We may not be able to maintain or expand our market, revenue and gross margin through this strategy on a timely basis, or at all, or recognize the benefits of our investments in this strategy, and we may not be successful in providing tools that our users adopt or believe are easy to use, which will negatively affect our future growth.

Our profitability also depends on expanding into new markets with new capture perspectives, including with tech-enabled helmets currently in development. We cannot be assured that we will be successful in expanding into markets with new capture perspectives. New markets that we attempt to enter may be highly competitive, and we may have limited experience in those emerging markets. If we are not successful in expanding into additional markets, and enabling new capture perspectives, we might not be able to achieve profitability and we may not recognize benefits from our investment in new areas.

We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet any future capital needs, and any future equity raises may dilute our existing shareholders.

In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances and may seek to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. We may not be able to timely secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, due to among other things, general macroeconomic conditions, including changes in interest rates, market volatility, and inflation.

Additionally, our current credit facilities contain restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, and any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve modified or further restrictive covenants, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Further, even if we are able to obtain additional financing, we may use such proceeds to repay a portion of our debt.

We may need to raise additional equity capital to provide us with liquidity and capital resources to help fund our operations. Any such capital raise involving the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities could impact our existing stockholders who could suffer significant dilution and may have an adverse impact on our stock price.

If we are unable to obtain adequate financing under our credit facility, or alternative sources, such as the issuance of equity, when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In the event additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all, which could require us to delay or limit our operations.

Due to the nature of our business, we are heavily reliant on third parties outside of our control both in terms of our suppliers and for our operations.

We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and instead rely on several contract manufacturers, including component vendors, located in China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the U.S., and in other countries, to manufacture our products. Our ability to meet customer demand depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into the manufacturing of our hardware products and accessories are sourced from third-party suppliers. We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers, including their cost of components, capacity, bandwidth, or costs of their labor, environmental or other practices.

Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply, or from a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. For our camera designs, we incorporate system-on-chips, sensors, lens, batteries and memory solutions that critically impact the performance of our products. These components have unique design and performance profiles, and as a result, it is not commercially practical to support multiple sources for these components for our products. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules, and such lead times could increase as a result of shipping disruptions, global conflicts, including any escalations or expansions of those conflicts, or other factors.

If we lose access to components from a particular supplier, experience increased competition for components, or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a current supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers or submit orders directly through supplier’s vendors of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of

supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to meet our development requirements or to fill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner.

Although we have policies and procedures in place requiring our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with applicable federal, state, local and international requirements, we cannot confirm with certainty that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws (or their interpretation) or if new similar laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. Any re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs to us or disrupt our operations or logistics. Additionally, we rely on third parties such as Amazon Web Services to provide software and enterprise services.

We face substantial risks related to inventory, purchase commitments, and long-lived assets, and we could incur material charges related to these items that adversely affect our operating results.

Our business requires us to coordinate the manufacture and distribution of our products, including our ability to properly stock inventory adequate for our demand. If we do not successfully coordinate with our service providers, we may have insufficient supply of products to meet customer demand or face increased or additional costs, and as a result, we could lose sales, and our financial performance may be adversely affected.

To ensure adequate inventory supply and meet the demands of our retailers and distributors, we must forecast inventory needs and place orders with our contract manufacturers and component suppliers based on our estimates of future demand for particular products as well as accurately track the level of product inventory in the channel to ensure we are not in an over or under supply situation. To the extent we discontinue the manufacturing and sales of any products or services, we must manage the inventory liquidation, supplier commitments and customer expectations.

No assurance can be given that we will not incur charges in future periods related to our inventory management or that we will accurately forecast sales in a future period. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products is affected by many factors, including product introductions by us and our competitors, channel inventory levels, unanticipated changes in general market demand, macroeconomic conditions, including inflation or recession, and consumer confidence. If we do not accurately forecast customer demand for our products, we may in future periods be unable to meet consumer, retailer, or distributor demand for our products, or may be required to incur higher costs to secure the necessary production capacity and components, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Due to seasonal consumer shopping patterns for our products, if sales fall short of projections, our overall financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Seasonal consumer shopping patterns significantly affect our business. We have traditionally experienced greater revenue in the fourth quarter of each year due to demand related to the holiday season, and in some years, greater demand associated with the launch of new products heading into the holiday season. Fourth quarter revenue comprised 31%, 25%, and 29% of our 2025, 2024, and 2023 revenue, respectively. Given the strong seasonal nature of our sales, appropriate forecasting is critical to our operations. We anticipate that this seasonal impact is likely to continue and any shortfalls in expected fourth quarter revenue due to macroeconomic conditions, the inflationary impact on consumers’ share of wallet, product release patterns or delays, declines in the effectiveness of our promotional activities, changes in product mix, charges incurred against new products to support promotional activities for such new products, pricing pressures, supply chain disruptions, shipping delays, or for any other reason, could cause our annual results of operations to suffer significantly. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2025, our revenue and sell-in fell short of our projections partially due to competition, weaker consumer demand and retailer inventory timing.

Generally, we have experienced lower revenue in the first half of the year as a percentage of total revenue for the year, as compared to second half revenue, though this trend is subject to change based on consumer spending patterns and our product release cycle. First half revenue comprised 44%, 43%, and 41% of our annual 2025, 2024, and 2023 revenue, respectively.

Security, data breaches and cyber-attacks could disrupt our web platform, products, services, internal operations, information technology systems, or those of our strategic partners, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation, and cause our stock price to decline significantly.

We are dependent on information systems to develop our products and services, process transactions, manage our supply chain and inventory, ship goods on a timely basis, maintain cost-efficient operations, complete timely and accurate financial reporting, operate GoPro.com, and respond to customer inquiries. In the ordinary course of our business, we electronically collect, use and store sensitive data, including our intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers and suppliers, and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees. Moreover, many of our employees, service providers and third parties work more frequently on a remote or hybrid arrangement basis, which may also result in heightened risks related to consumer privacy, network security and fraud. Cyber-attacks may threaten our information systems and are increasing in their frequency, sophistication, and maleficence, and have become increasingly difficult to detect. As artificial intelligence capabilities improve and are increasingly adopted, we may see cyber-attacks utilizing or exploiting artificial intelligence. Despite the implementation of security measures designed to protect against such threats, our information technology systems, and those of our strategic partners and third parties on whom we rely, are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, security breaches, computer viruses damage, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, theft or exposure of confidential data, war and other acts of foreign governments, and failures of telecommunication, electrical and other critical systems.

If malicious actors compromise our products and services, including without limitation hacking or breach of such products and services, our business and our reputation will be harmed. While we maintain industry standard cybersecurity insurance, our insurance may be insufficient for a particular incident or may not cover all liabilities incurred by any such attacks.

Our international operations account for a significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses and are subject to challenges and risks. Adverse developments in global economic or geopolitical conditions, or the occurrence of other world events, could materially adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

Revenue from outside the United States comprised 52%, 64%, and 61% of our revenue in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and we expect international revenue to continue to be significant in the future. As a result, we have been and may again be negatively impacted by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could have a material negative effect on our future operating results. Further, we currently have foreign operations in Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Romania, the United Kingdom (U.K.) and a number of other countries in Europe and Asia. Operating in foreign countries requires significant resources and considerable management attention, and we may enter new geographic markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and deploying our products. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant funds and other resources and we cannot be assured our efforts will be successful. Our focus on international operations may expose us to a number of risks in addition to domestic operations, including but not limited to:

• burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws and regulations or risk of non-compliance, including environmental, packaging and labeling laws or regulations, which can change based on new political conditions;

• delays or disruptions in our supply chain;

• adverse tax effects and foreign exchange controls making it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash;

• the effect of foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including any fluctuations caused by inflation, recessionary concerns, or the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currencies in which we conduct business, including relative to the Eurozone;

• political conditions, economic instability, geopolitical turmoil, civil disturbances, or social unrest in a specific country or region in which we operate, which could have an adverse impact on our operations in that location, for example, the effects of China-Taiwan relations or conflict in the Middle East;

• pandemics; wars and global conflicts, including the ongoing conflicts around the world;

• trade restrictions;

• the imposition of government controls;

• lesser degrees of intellectual property protection;

• tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies;

• a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption; and

• a business culture in which illegal sales practices may be prevalent.

The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our gross margin can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.

Our gross margin can vary due to consumer demand, competition, product pricing, promotional activities, product lifecycle, product mix, new product introductions, GoPro.com sales mix, subscription activation, renewals, cancellations, costs relating to commodities, supply chain, logistics, shipping, and components, currency exchange rates, trade policy and tariffs, and the complexity and functionality of new product innovations and other factors. For example, our gross margin was 33.6%, 33.8%, and 32.2% for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. In particular, if we are not able to introduce new products in a timely manner at the product cost we expect and within our budgetary constraints, if consumer demand for our products is less than we anticipate, if cancellation rates for our subscription offerings are higher than expected or if there are product pricing, marketing and other initiatives by our competitors to which we need to react or that are initiated by us to drive sales that lower our margins, then our overall gross margin will be less than we project.

As we innovate with new products, we may have lower gross margins that do not deliver a sufficient return on investment. In addition, depending on competition or consumer preferences, we may face higher up-front investments in development to compete or market our products, and increased inventory write-offs. If we are unable to offset these potentially lower margins by enhancing the margins in our product categories, our profitability may be adversely affected.

The impact of these factors on gross margin can create unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results, which may cause volatility in the price of our shares and as a result, harm our liquidity, limit our ability to grow our business, pursue acquisitions, limit our ability to meet our debt obligations, and restrict our ability to compete in our markets.

Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brand.

Our success depends on the value and reputation of our brand, including our primary trademarks “GOPRO,” “HERO,” and the GoPro logos. The GoPro brand is integral to the growth of our business and expansion into new markets. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brand will largely depend on the success of our marketing and merchandising efforts, including through establishing relationships with high profile sporting and entertainment events, venues, sports leagues and sports associations, athletes and celebrity personalities, our ability to provide consistent, high quality products and services, and our consumers’ satisfaction with the technical support and software updates we provide, each of which requires significant expenditures. Failure to grow and maintain our brand, launch new products on schedule and free of defects or negative publicity related to our products, our consumers’ user-generated content, the athletes we sponsor, the celebrities we are associated with, or the labor policies of any of our suppliers or manufacturers could adversely affect our brand, business and operating results. Maintaining and enhancing our brand also requires substantial financial investments, although there is no guarantee that these investments will increase sales of our products or positively affect our operating results.

Consumers may be injured while engaging in activities with our products, and we may be exposed to claims, or regulations could be imposed, which could adversely affect our brand, operating results, and financial condition.

Consumers use our cameras, mounts, and accessories to self-capture their participation in a wide variety of physical activities, including extreme sports, which in many cases carry the risk of significant injury or death. We may be subject to claims that users have been injured or harmed while using our products, including false claims or erroneous reports relating to safety, security, property damage or privacy issues. Although we maintain insurance to help protect us from the risk of such claims, such insurance may not be sufficient or may not apply to all situations. Similarly, governing sports bodies or proprietors of establishments at which consumers engage in challenging physical activities could seek to ban the use of our products in their events or facilities. For example, in some jurisdictions the mounting of our products on helmets is banned during competitive motorcycle events.

We may be subject to warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers and customers than expected, which could harm our business and operating results.

We generally provide a 12-month warranty on all of our cameras, except in the European Union (the EU), where we provide a two-year warranty. For certain mounts and accessories, where permitted, we provide a lifetime or limited lifetime warranty. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could make us liable for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality and safety of our products could affect our brand image, decrease retailer, distributor and consumer confidence and demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, if defects are not discovered until after consumers purchase our products, they could lose confidence in the technical attributes of our products and our business could be harmed. Also, while our warranty is limited to repairs or returns and replacement, warranty claims may result in litigation, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. Based on our historical experience with our camera products, we have an established methodology for estimating warranty liabilities with respect to cameras and accessories; however, this methodology may not accurately predict future rates of warranty claims.

We use artificial intelligence in our business, and its improper use or unintended consequences could adversely affect our reputation and our results of operations.

We have in the past, and will in the future, integrate new and evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), into our products, services and platforms. For example, in the third quarter of 2025, we launched an opt-in AI Training program that enables U.S. subscribers to monetize their GoPro cloud-based content by making it available to help train AI models. We plan to continue to invest in the program and may further expand the program geographically for new subscriber opt-ins. Our investment in the opt-in AI training program and incorporating AI into our products may not be successful over time, which could adversely affect our business, our financial condition, operating results, or cash flow. We also utilize general-purpose artificial intelligence tools in our business and these use cases may become important in our operations over time. As with many new and emerging technologies, AI presents numerous risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business. AI development, adoption, and use is in its early stages, and ineffective or inadequate AI or generative AI development or deployment practices by us or third parties could result in unintended consequences.

Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, AI may give rise to litigation risk, including potential intellectual property, privacy, or cybersecurity liability. AI also presents emerging ethical issues and if our use of AI becomes controversial, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, or legal liability.

Given the complex nature of AI, our use and future plans on implementing AI into our business may be subject to an evolving regulatory landscape. We continue to monitor AI regulatory developments which may reduce the efficiencies we believe to be gained from AI or require further investment.

Risks related to our Intellectual Property and technology licenses

Our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products and services, and our business may suffer if third parties infringe our rights.

We own patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property (collectively, intellectual property) related to aspects of our products, software, services, and designs. Our commercial success may depend in part on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect these rights in the United States and abroad.

We regularly file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research, development, and design as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies, or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We may not have sufficient intellectual property rights in all countries where unauthorized third-party copying or use of our proprietary technology occurs, and the scope of our intellectual property might be more limited in certain countries. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies, or designs and/or may not prevent others from developing competing products, services, technologies or designs. We cannot predict the validity and enforceability of our patents and other intellectual property with certainty.

We have registered, applied to register, and/or used certain of our trademarks in several jurisdictions worldwide. In some of those jurisdictions, third-party registrations, filings, or common law use exist for the same, similar or otherwise related products or services, which could block the registration of or ability to use our marks. Even if we are able to register our marks, competitors may adopt or file similar marks to ours, seek to cancel our trademark registrations, register domain names that mimic or incorporate our marks, or otherwise infringe upon or harm our trademark rights. Although we police our trademark rights carefully, there can be no assurance that we are aware of all third-party uses or that we will prevail in enforcing our rights in all such instances. Any of these negative outcomes could affect the strength, value and effectiveness of our brand, as well as our ability to market our products.

We have also registered domain names for websites that we use in our business, such as GoPro.com, as well as social media handles. If we are unable to protect our domain names or social media handles, our brand, business, and operating results could be adversely affected. Domain names or social media handles similar to ours have already been registered in the United States and elsewhere, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names or social media handles that infringe, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of, our trademarks. In addition, we might not be able to, or may choose not to, acquire, or maintain trademark registrations, domain names, social media handles or other related rights in certain jurisdictions.

Unauthorized third parties may try to copy or reverse engineer our products, infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property, or otherwise gain access to our technology. We may discover unauthorized products in the marketplace that are knock-offs, infringements, or counterfeit reproductions of our products. If we are unable to stop producers or sellers of infringing or counterfeit products, sales of these products could adversely impact our brand and business.

Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. We have initiated legal proceedings to protect our intellectual property rights, and we may file additional actions in the future. For example, on March 29, 2024, we filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission and a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against Arashi Vision Inc. and Arashi Vision (U.S.) LLC, both d/b/a Insta360 (Insta360) , alleging patent infringement of certain GoPro patents related to our cameras and digital imaging technology. Insta360 has filed IPR petitions seeking to challenge the validity of the GoPro patents asserted against Insta360 at the Patent Office’s Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). Initiating infringement proceedings against third parties, as well as defending against IPRs, can be expensive, may take significant time, and may divert management’s attention from other business concerns. The cost of protecting our intellectual property has been and may in the future be substantial, and there is no assurance we will be successful. Our business could be adversely affected because of any such legal actions, or a finding that any patents-in-suit are invalid or unenforceable. For example, the ITC determined that certain GoPro patent claims were invalid and certain claims were not infringed. Additionally, while the PTAB found that Insta360 had failed to establish unpatentability of most of GoPro’s patent claims, the PTAB found partial unpatentability on two patents. GoPro is considering its options for appeal of any adverse findings from the ITC and PTAB. These legal actions may in the future lead to additional counterclaims or countersuits against us, which are expensive to defend against and for which there can be no assurance of a favorable outcome. For example, Insta360 has filed three patent infringement actions against us in China (Jiangsu High Court, Changsha Intermediate Court IP Tribunal, and Shenzhen Intermediate People’s

Court). Further, parties we bring legal action against could retaliate through non-litigious means, which could harm our business or operations.

We have been, and in the future may be, subject to intellectual property and proprietary rights claims from third parties and may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement.

Third parties, including competitors and non-practicing entities, have made allegations of and brought intellectual property infringement, misappropriation, and other intellectual property rights claims against us, including the matter described in Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we will defend ourselves vigorously against any such existing and future legal proceedings, the effort and expense to support such disputes and litigation is considerable and we may not prevail or obtain favorable outcomes against all such allegations, including in the matter described in Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

If we are unable to maintain, license, or acquire rights to include intellectual property owned by others in the products, services or content distributed by us, our marketing, sales or future business strategy could be affected, or we could be subject to lawsuits relating to our use of this content.

The distribution of GoPro content helps to market our brand, products, and subscription and service. If we cannot continue to acquire rights to distribute user-generated content or to use and distribute music, athlete and celebrity names and likenesses or other content for our original productions or third-party entertainment distribution channels or for our mobile app, our marketing efforts could be diminished, our sales could be harmed and our future content strategy could be adversely affected. In addition, third-party content providers or owners may allege that we have violated their intellectual property rights. If we are unable to obtain sufficient rights, successfully defend our use of or otherwise alter our business practices on a timely basis in response to claims of infringement, misappropriation, misuse or other violation of third-party intellectual property rights, our business may be adversely affected. As a user and distributor of content, we face potential liability for rights of publicity and privacy, as well as copyright, or trademark infringement or other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we distribute. If we are found to violate such third-party rights, then our business may suffer.

We may seek licenses from third parties where appropriate, but they could refuse to grant us a license or demand commercially unreasonable terms. Further, an adverse ruling in an infringement proceeding could force us to suspend or permanently cease the production or sale of products/services, face a temporary or permanent injunction, redesign or rebrand our products/services, pay significant settlement costs, pay third-party license fees or damage awards or give up some of our intellectual property. The occurrence of any of these events may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, or cash flows.

We use open-source software in our platform that may subject our technology to general release or require us to re-engineer our solutions, which may harm our business.

We use open-source software in connection with our products and services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open-source software into their products or services have faced claims challenging the ownership of open-source software and/or compliance with open-source license terms. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open-source software or noncompliance with open-source licensing terms. Some open-source software licenses require users who distribute or make available open-source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of our proprietary source code to such software or make available any derivative works of the open-source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor our use of open-source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open-source agreement, such use could nevertheless occur despite policies and controls that we have in place, and we may be required to publicly release our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our applications, discontinue sales in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of open-source software can involve greater risks than those associated with use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide

warranties, assurances of title, performance, non-infringement, or controls on the origin of the software. There is typically no support available for open-source software, and we cannot assure you that the authors of such open-source software will not abandon further development and maintenance. Open-source software may contain security vulnerabilities, and we may be subject to additional security risk by using open-source software. Many of the risks associated with the use of open-source software cannot be eliminated, and could, if not properly addressed, negatively affect our business. We have established processes to help alleviate these risks, including a review process for screening requests from our development organizations for the use of open-source software, but we cannot be sure that all open-source software is identified or submitted for approval prior to use in our solution.

Risks related to regulatory compliance

We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Personal privacy, data protection and information security are significant issues in the United States and the other jurisdictions where we offer our products and services. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and various state, local and foreign regulators, and agencies. Our agreements with certain customers and business partners may also subject us to certain requirements related to our processing of personal information, including obligations to use industry-standard or reasonable security measures to safeguard personal information.

The United States and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals, including end-customers and employees. In the United States, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws to the online collection, use, processing, storage, deletion, and dissemination of personal information. Further, all states have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving personal information.

We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, the EU and other jurisdictions, and we cannot always predict the impact of such future laws, regulations, and standards may have on our business. We expect that existing laws, regulations, and standards may even be interpreted differently or inconsistently relative to each other in the future. California initiated the first wave of state consumer privacy laws by enacting the California Consumer Privacy Act (the CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (the CPRA). Following California's lead, several other states have enacted privacy laws. Failure to comply with these new state regulations may result in significant civil penalties, injunctive relief, or statutory or actual damages. Complying with this new privacy legislation may result in additional costs and expenses.

Additionally, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including Australia, the EU, the U.K., India, Japan, and numerous other jurisdictions in which we operate or conduct our business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection, use, processing, storage, and deletion of personal information obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the United States.

For example, in the EU and the U.K., the respective EU or U.K. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes more stringent data protection requirements, provides an enforcement authority, and imposes large penalties for noncompliance. If we fail to comply with the respective GDPR or if regulators assert that we have failed to comply with the GDPR, we may be subject to fines of up to 4% of our worldwide annual revenue under EU GDPR requirements and up to 4% of our worldwide annual turnover under the UK’s implementation of GDPR.

Among other requirements, both the EU and U.K. GDPR regulate transfers of personal data outside of the EU and U.K., respectively, to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to personal data, including the United States, requiring that certain steps are taken to legitimize those transfers. We have undertaken certain efforts to conform transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area or the U.K. to

the United States and other jurisdictions based on our understanding of current regulatory obligations and the guidance of regulators and data protection authorities. Despite this, we may be unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining conforming means of transferring such data from the European Economic Area or the U.K. particularly as a result of continued legal and legislative activity that has challenged or called into question the legal basis for existing means of data transfers to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection for personal data. We continue to monitor these regulatory and legal developments.

In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards. These and other industry standards may legally or contractually apply to us, or we may elect to comply with such standards. It is possible that if our practices are not consistent, or are viewed as not consistent, with legal and regulatory requirements, including changes in laws, regulations and standards or new interpretations or applications of existing laws, regulations and standards, we may become subject to audits, inquiries, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, fines, awards, penalties, injunctions, judgments, or criminal or civil sanctions, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation, and financial condition.

Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, as well as changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use or disclose information relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our products, require us to restrict our business operations, increase our costs, and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the United Kingdom Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

The global nature of our business and the significance of our international revenue create various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010 (the U.K. Bribery Act), and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit United States based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-United States officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to another, or securing a competitive advantage. In addition, United States public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, United States companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by their directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As such, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results, and financial condition.

We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from several countries, which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot be assured that our directors, officers, employees, agents or other strategic or local partners or representatives will not engage in prohibited conduct and render us responsible under the FCPA or the U.K. Bribery Act. While we have compliance programs in place, they may not be effective to prevent violations from occurring and our directors, officers, employees, or agents may engage in prohibited conduct, nonetheless. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act or other anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws (either due to the acts or inadvertence of our employees or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements, and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies and products. The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s

Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection administer regulations that restrict U.S. persons in conducting certain export and import activities, as well as conducting business with or in certain countries, governments, entities, and individuals. Our activities and products are consequently subject to United States import, economic sanctions and export control laws, and exports and imports of our products must be made in compliance with such laws, which are complex and continuously changing. Furthermore, United States export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons, and for specified end uses, that are targeted by United States economic sanctions and export control laws. Even though we have established procedures designed to enable our compliance with United States sanctions and export control laws, and it is our policy not to do business with any countries or customers located in countries targeted by comprehensive U.S. economic sanctions, our products, including our firmware updates, could inadvertently be provided to targets of U.S. economic sanctions and export control laws, or could be provided by our customers to those targets. Any such provision, as well as any other activity or transaction contrary to U.S. economic sanctions and export control laws, could have negative consequences, including government investigations, denial of export privileges, penalties and reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products or activities could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our business, revenue and results of operations.

We could also become subject to future enforcement action with respect to compliance with governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that result in penalties, costs, and restrictions on export privileges that could have a material effect on our business and operating results.

Risks related to ownership of our Class A common stock

Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile.

Since 2023, our closing stock price ranged from a high of $6.46 in the first quarter of 2023 to a low of $0.48 in the second quarter of 2025. Our stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly operating results, changes in our financial projections provided to the public or our failure to meet those projections, the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC, significant transactions, or new features, products or services offered by us or our competitors, changes in our business lines and product lineup, changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts, media coverage of our business and financial performance, the operating and stock price performance of, or other developments involving, other companies that investors may deem comparable to us, trends in our industry, trade regulation, any significant change in our management, and general economic conditions. Our existing liquidity and capital resources may not be sufficient to sustain our business conditions and debt obligations, we may need to raise additional capital through the issuance of additional shares which may have an adverse impact on our stock price. These factors, as well as the volatility of our Class A common stock, could also affect our ability to recruit and retain employees.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for companies in our industry, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to operating performance. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance. Price volatility over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our own stock to exceed the stock’s price at a given point in time. In addition, some companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We have been subject to past shareholder class action lawsuits as well as derivative lawsuits and may continue to be a target for such litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and liability and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business. See Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees, in the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion on legal proceedings .

If we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, or other market expectations, our stock price may decline significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on investor confidence and employee retention. A sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization could lead to impairment charges.

We review goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment arise, and should market conditions or macroeconomic conditions continue to deteriorate, including a rise in inflationary pressures and inte rest rates, a sustained decline in our share price, or a decline in our results of operations, the result of such review may indicate a decline in the fair value of goodwill resulting in an impairment charge. In the event we are required to record a non-cash impairment charge to our goodwill, other intangibles, and/or long-lived assets, such non-cash charge could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in the reporting period in which we record the charge. For example, in the first quarter of 2025 , we conducted a quantitative impairment test and concluded that the carrying value of our single reporting unit exceeded our fair value, resulting in the recognition of an $18.6 million goodwill impairment charge. Additional goodwill impairment charges may be necessary in the future quarters.

Our stock price has been, and may in the future be, affected by atypical retailer investor interest.

In the third quarter of 2025, we experienced high price volatility in our Class A common stock, including atypical retail investor interest caused largely by social media. The coordinated trading activity, amplified by individuals on online forums and social media, may have contributed to a rapid increase in the market price of our Class A common stock. Such trading activity may be unrelated to our financial results, and as a result, may cause a situation where our results of operations were not tied to our performance. Because of the volatility in the price of our Class A common stock, investors may have purchased shares at artificially inflated prices and could incur substantial losses. Additionally, anomalous trading activity caused by atypical retailer investor interest or other reasons may occur in the future, resulting in increased or extremely high trading volume and high volatility.

Our Class A common stock may cease to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

On March 6, 2026, our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Global Select Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (Bid Price Requirement). Should our Class A common stock trade below the minimum Bid Price Requirement for 30 consecutive business days, the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq) will send a notice to us that, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we will be provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days from receipt of such notice, to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price for the Class A common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days prior to the end of the 180-day period. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance or that Nasdaq will extend the compliance period.

If we do not regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement by the end of the 180-day period, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period, either by submitting an application to transfer the listing of the Class A common stock to The Nasdaq Capital Market, or we can apply directly to Nasdaq, without transferring to The Nasdaq Capital Market, for an additional 180-day extension, which we may not be successful at obtaining. In that case, we would also need to pay an application fee to Nasdaq and provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the additional compliance period. As part of its review process, Nasdaq will make a determination of whether it believes we will be able to cure this deficiency.

If we do not regain compliance within the applicable compliance period(s), Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that the Class A common stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, we may appeal the delisting determination to a hearings panel.

We intend to monitor the closing bid price of the Class A common stock and may, if appropriate, consider taking actions to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement, including, subject to approval of our Board of Directors and our Class A and Class B stockholders, implementing a reverse stock split. However, there can be no assurance that, if we were to engage in a reverse stock split, it would not create an additional deficiency with Nasdaq listing standards.

Similar declines below the Bid Price Requirement have occurred in the past and we have previously received notices of non-compliance from Nasdaq. For example, on March 25, 2025, we received a letter from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that, for thirty consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below the Bid Price Requirement. However, on August 5, 2025, we received a letter from Nasdaq confirming that we had regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and that the matter had been closed.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement as we have done in the past or will otherwise be in compliance with other applicable Nasdaq listing rules within the applicable compliance period(s), that we will be able to successfully implement a reverse stock split, or, if we receive a delisting determination and decide to appeal the delisting determination, that such appeal would be successful.

Currently, there is no immediate effect on the listing of the Class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, and the Class A common stock will continue to trade on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GPRO,” subject to our compliance with the other continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Select Market. If our Class A common stock were to be delisted from The Nasdaq Global Select Market, we might or might not be eligible to list our shares on another market. Such a delisting could negatively impact us by, among other things, reducing the liquidity and market price of our Class A common stock. Additionally, if our Class A common stock were to be delisted, we would be subject to an event of default under the 2025 Credit Agreement or the 2025 Term Loan.

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our CEO, and we cannot predict the effect our dual class structure may have on our stock price or our business.

Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock hold approximately 65.9% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of December 31, 2025, with Mr. Woodman, our Chairman and CEO, holding approximately 63.3% of the outstanding voting power. Mr. Woodman is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction. This concentrated control could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets that our other stockholders support, or conversely this concentrated control could result in the consummation of such a transaction that our other stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could also discourage a potential investor from acquiring our Class A common stock due to the limited voting power of such stock relative to the Class B common stock and might harm the trading price of our Class A common stock.

In addition, we cannot predict whether our dual class structure, combined with the concentrated control by Mr. Woodman, will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers, including FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones, previously announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes that were then reversed. Because of our dual class structure, we may be excluded from these indexes in the future if new restrictions are announced, and we cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

Issuances of Class A common stock pursuant to our securities purchase agreement with YA II PN, Ltd., or other future equity financings or strategic transactions, will dilute the percentage of outstanding shares represented by our Class B common stock and could trigger an automatic conversion pursuant to the provisions of our corporate governance documents. An automatic conversion of our Class B common stock will be triggered when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than ten percent 10% of the aggregate number of our shares of common stock then outstanding. Each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock upon such triggering event, which would eliminate the dual class structure and the concentrated voting control described above.

Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a

period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders and could prevent the Class A common stock holders from receiving a takeover premium.

Risks related to our indebtedness

We have indebtedness in the form of convertible senior notes and credit agreements.

On August 4, 2025, we entered into a second lien credit agreement pursuant to which we borrowed $50.0 million. On November 5, 2025, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the credit agreement and on February 27, 2026 we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the credit agreement (collectively, the 2025 Term Loan), in each case to modify certain financial covenants. The 2025 Term Loan is separate from our outstanding credit agreement which provides for a revolving credit facility, as amended from time to time (2021 Credit Facility, and together with the 2025 Term Loan, the Credit Facilities) and under which we have borrowed an additional $50.0 million.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to repay our indebtedness when due, or that we will be able to finance our indebtedness, all or in part, on acceptable terms. In addition, our indebtedness could, among other things:

• heighten our vulnerability to adverse general economic conditions and heightened competitive pressures;

• require us to dedicate a larger portion of our cash flow from operations to interest payments, limiting the availability of cash for other purposes;

• limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry;

• place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged; and

• impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate purposes, or other purposes.

We may be required to seek a waiver of compliance or seek negotiations to further amend the 2025 Term Loan. The lenders may not provide any additional waiver(s) of compliance with the 2025 Term Loan or further amend the 2025 Term Loan.

Any of our future indebtedness may contain similar restrictions. A default under the indentures or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness, including our Credit Facilities. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay our indebtedness.

Our credit agreements impose restrictions on us that may adversely affect our ability to operate our business.

Both the 2025 Term Loan and the 2021 Credit Facility contain restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions, or otherwise impact our liquidity. Specifically, the 2025 Term Loan, as amended, revised the financial covenants to adjust the minimum EBITDA, minimum liquidity amount, and asset coverage ratio requirements. Our ability to comply with any particular financial covenant under the Credit Facilities depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control (including, but not limited to, tariffs and component cost increases), and could result in material adverse consequences that negatively impact our business.

If we anticipate non-compliance with the restrictive covenants of either of the Credit Facilities, we may seek further covenant waivers or amendments from our lenders. We may also seek additional sources of financing to avoid a default under either of the Credit Facilities. We may not be able to obtain the necessary waiver or amendments or secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all.

Failure to comply with any particular covenant could result in default. In addition, each of the Credit Facilities and the convertible debentures (the Convertible Debentures) issued to YA II PN, Ltd. contain a cross-default provision whereby a default under one agreement would result in default under the agreements covering other borrowings

and vice versa. The occurrence of a default under any of these borrowing arrangements would permit the lenders under the Credit Facilities and Convertible Debentures to declare all amounts outstanding under those borrowing arrangements to be immediately due and payable. If our lenders accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to repay those borrowings.

Exercise of our outstanding warrants or Convertible Debentures will dilute the ownership interest of our existing stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.

Exercise of our outstanding warrants or Convertible Debentures will dilute the ownership interest of our existing stockholders. In the future, we may issue additional securities to raise capital. We may also acquire interests in other companies by using a combination of cash and our common stock or just our common stock. Any of these events may dilute a stockholder’s ownership interest in GoPro and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

On August 4, 2025, in connection with entry into the 2025 Term Loan, we issued and sold warrants to purchase up to 11,076,968 shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable, in whole or in part, at an exercise price of $0.75 per share (either through cash or cashless settlement) and may be exercised at any time until the ten-year anniversary of the issuance date. The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the holder into Class A common stock equal to the principal amount requested to be converted plus all accrued and unpaid interest on the Convertible Debentures as of such conversion divided by the lower of (i) $1.1453, or (ii) 98% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Class A common stock during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date of conversion or other date of determination, but which shall not be lower than $0.1736. Any portion of the Convertible Debentures may be converted at any time and from time to time, subject to the limitations on share issuance under the Nasdaq listing rules.

Any sales in the public market of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon such exercise of such warrants, or the anticipation of such exercises and sales, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices of our Class A common stock. Additionally, the existence of such warrants may encourage short selling by market participants because the exercise of such warrants could be used to satisfy short positions, or because the anticipated exercise of such warrants for shares of Class A common stock could depress the price of our Class A common stock. These warrants, if exercised, would dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders in future periods.

General Risk Factors

Our effective tax rate and the intended tax benefits of our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how we operate our business, and such tax rates and tax benefits may change in the future.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various jurisdictions outside the United States. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in, or our interpretation of, tax law changes and related new or revised guidance and regulations, changes in our geographical earnings mix, unfavorable government reviews of our tax returns, material differences between our forecasted and actual annual effective tax rates, or by evolving enforcement practices.

We are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the United States Internal Revenue Service and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and other taxes and have reserved for adjustments that may result from the current examinations. The final determination of tax audits and any related legal proceedings could materially differ from amounts reflected in our income tax provisions and accruals. In such case, our income tax provision and cash flows in the period or periods in which that determination is made could be negatively affected.

We may grow our business in part through acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, and partnerships, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results.

We have completed several acquisitions in the past, and in February 2024 we acquired Forcite Helmet Systems, an Australian-based company that offers tech-enabled helmets. We may evaluate additional acquisitions, partnerships, or joint ventures with, or strategic investments in, other companies, products or technologies that we believe are complementary to our business. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to third-party or government approvals, which are beyond our control. Consequently, we can make no assurance that these transactions, once undertaken and announced, will close, and even if they close, we can make no assurances that our integration of any such acquired company will be successful.

Our aspirations and disclosures related to broader social and ethical initiatives, as well as increased scrutiny and expectations from investors and others regarding non-financial performance factors, could result in additional costs and/or risks, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and stock price performance.

Some investors may use non-financial performance factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our related policies and actions are inadequate. The investor demand for measurement of non-financial performance is addressed by third-party providers of assessments and ratings on companies. The criteria by which our practices are assessed may change due to the constant evolution of the landscape, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. If we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria, investors and other stakeholders may conclude that our related policies and/or actions are inadequate. There have also been increasing allegations of misleading claims against companies making significant non-financial commitments due to a variety of perceived deficiencies in performance. As stakeholder perceptions of these matters continue to evolve, we may face reputational damage and potential stakeholder engagement and/or litigation in the event that we do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. In addition, there exists certain opposition among some individuals and government departments to use non-financial performance factors, and we may also face scrutiny, reputational risk, lawsuits, or market access restrictions from these parties regarding our initiatives.

In June 2024, we published a summary highlighting our ongoing efforts to reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions in our U.S. locations and our commitment to legal and ethical business practices. These statements are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them. Our ability to achieve any objectives is subject to numerous risks, many of which are outside of our control. Examples of such risks include the availability and cost of renewable energy sources, evolving consumer protection and other regulatory laws applicable to these matters, and the availability of funds to invest in related initiatives in times where we are seeking to reduce costs. As a result, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope, target, and timelines of previously announced initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, regulators, customers, employees, and other stakeholders, if our initiatives are not executed as planned, or if we fail to implement sufficient oversight or accurately capture and disclose related matters, our reputation and business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Catastrophic events or political instability could disrupt and cause harm to our business.

Our headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, an area susceptible to earthquakes. A major earthquake or other natural disaster, fire, threat of fire, act of terrorism, public health issues or other catastrophic event in California or elsewhere that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business operations or information technology systems could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our future operating results could be harmed. Our key manufacturing, supply and distribution partners have global operations in, among other countries, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United States. Political instability, global conflicts, public health issues, crises, pandemics, or other catastrophic events in any of those countries, including as a result of climate change, could adversely affect our business in the future, our financial condition and operating results.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including but not limited to, those discussed in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This MD&A is organized as follows:

• Overview. Discussion of our business, overall analysis of our financial performance and other highlights affecting the business in order to provide context for the remainder of the MD&A.

• Components of our Results of Operations. Description of the items contained in each revenue, cost of revenue and operating expense caption in the consolidated statements of operations.

• Results of Operations. Analysis of our financial results comparing 2025 to 2024 is presented below.

• Liquidity and Capital Resources. Analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows, and discussion of our financial condition and potential sources of liquidity.

• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. Accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results and forecasts.

• Non-GAAP Financial Measures. A reconciliation and discussion of our GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures.

Overview

GoPro helps the world capture and share itself in immersive and exciting ways. We are committed to developing solutions that create an easy, seamless experience for consumers to capture, create and share engaging personal content. When consumers use our cameras, accessories, and subscription and services, they often generate and share content that organically increases awareness for GoPro, driving a virtuous cycle and a self-reinforcing demand for our cameras, accessories, and subscription and services. We believe revenue growth may be driven by the introduction of new cameras, accessories, lifestyle gear, and software and subscription offerings. We believe new camera features drive a replacement cycle among existing users and attract new users, expanding our total addressable market. Our investments in image stabilization, mobile app editing and sharing solutions, modular accessories including lens mods, auto-upload capabilities, local language user-interfaces and voice recognition in more than 11 languages with 6 accents are designed to drive the expansion of our global market.

In September 2025, we began shipping our MAX2 waterproof 360-camera featuring True 8K video, 10-bit color video in 8K at 30 frames per second (FPS), 29-megapixel resolution for 360-degree photos, and easily replaceable lenses made from water-repelling optical glass. In addition, MAX2 includes in-camera POV and Selfie Video Modes, six built-in microphones that provide 360 audio and wireless Bluetooth functionality, built-in GPS, MAX HyperSmooth image stabilization, 360-degree MAX TimeWarp Video, and MAX SuperView. MAX HyperSmooth provides high performance video stabilization, while MAX SuperView provides a wide field of view. Our MAX2 camera also includes a MAX Enduro battery which increases recording time and improves cold-weather performance. The Quik app includes editing tools for our MAX2 camera such as AI Object Tracking and MotionFrame editing.

Also in September 2025, we began shipping our compact lifestyle camera, LIT HERO, which can shoot videos in 4K at 60 FPS, capture photos with 12-megapixel resolution, record in a slow-motion setting of up to 4K at 60 FPS. LIT HERO includes a built-in light, is waterproof up to 16 feet, and weighs 93 grams. It captures content with a wide field of view lens so that HyperSmooth image stabilization can be applied in the Quik app.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In September 2024, we began shipping our HERO13 Black flagship camera that includes our GP2 processor, HyperSmooth 6.0 image stabilization, hybrid-log gamma (HLG) high dynamic range (HDR) photos and videos in 5.3K at 60 FPS and 4K at 60 FPS, and a higher capacity battery resulting in longer runtimes and improved thermal performance. HyperSmooth 6.0 image stabilization features AutoBoost, which analyzes up to 4x more data compared to HyperSmooth 5.0 while supporting 360-degree Horizon Lock. The HERO13 Black also includes 10-bit color video at up to 5.3K video at 60 FPS, 27-megapixel photo resolution, 8:7 aspect ratio video for a larger vertical field of view, and HyperView, which allows for a 16:9 field of view, SuperView and Horizon Leveling. The HERO13 Black also includes a front-facing and rear touch display, TimeWarp 3.0, a Timecode Sync feature, and a Night Effects Time Lapse feature. In March 2025, we shipped a limited edition HERO13 Black in a Polar White colorway, and in June 2025, we shipped another limited edition HERO13 Black in a Forest Green colorway, both of which included all of the features of our flagship camera. We also offer our Ultra Wide Lens Mod, Macro Lens Mod, Anamorphic Lens Mod and a ND Filter 4-Pack for HERO13 Black. The Ultra Wide Lens Mod allows for an ultra wide-angle digital lens for 4K video at 60 FPS, the Macro Lens Mod allows the HERO13 Black to focus on objects 4x closer than prior generation cameras, and the Anamorphic Lens Mod captures ultra wide-angle footage with reduced distortion and lets anyone tell their stories using the 21:9 aspect ratio used in feature films. The ND Filter 4-Pack allows the HERO13 Black to create motion blur. Additionally, we offer our HERO13 Black Creator Edition, which combines the HERO13 Black, Volta, Enduro Battery, Media Mod, and Light Mod to create professional-quality videos.

Our HERO13 Black, HERO13 Black Creator Edition, LIT HERO, HERO, HERO12 Black, HERO12 Black Creator Edition, MAX2, and MAX cameras are compatible with our ecosystem of mountable and wearable accessories.

We offer our Premium subscription, which includes unlimited cloud storage of GoPro content supporting source video and photo quality, damaged camera replacement, cloud storage up to 100 gigabytes (GB) of non-GoPro content, the delivery of highlight videos automatically via our mobile app when GoPro camera footage is uploaded to the user’s GoPro cloud account using Auto Upload or when GoPro camera footage is uploaded to the user’s GoPro cloud account via the user’s mobile phone. Our Premium subscription also provides access to a high-quality live streaming service on GoPro.com, as well as discounts on GoPro cameras, lifestyle gear, mounts and accessories. In February 2024, we launched our Premium+ subscription which includes cloud storage up to 500 GB of non-GoPro content, HyperSmooth Pro and all of the same features included in the Premium subscription.

In addition to the Premium+ and Premium subscriptions, we offer our Quik subscription which makes it easy for users to get the most out of their favorite photos and videos, captured on any phone or camera, using our Quik mobile app’s editing tools. These editing tools include features such as trim, color, crop, filtering, auto-sync of edits to music, and the ability to change video speed. We also offer our GoPro Reframe plugin for Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe After Effects, and DaVinci Resolve which provides users with creative control over footage and enabling reframing, animated movements, motion blur transitions, and adjustments to lens curvature.

In August 2025, we launched an AI Training program which enables U.S. subscribers who opted in to monetize their GoPro cloud-based content for AI model training. As of the first week of March 2026, subscribers have opted-in more than 500,000 hours of video content.

We continue to monitor the current evolving macroeconomic landscape. Inflation, fluctuating interest rates, tariffs and recession concerns places increasing pressure on many areas of our business, including hardware and software product pricing, operating expenses, component pricing and consumer spending. In the past, the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies largely impacted our revenue and gross margin. Revenue from the U.S. was 47.6% and 36.3% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. If the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to other foreign currencies in the future, our financial results will be negatively impacted. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion of the possible impact of evolving macroeconomic conditions on our business.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a summary of measures presented in our consolidated financial statements and key metrics used to evaluate our business, measure our performance, develop financial forecasts, and make strategic decisions.

(units and dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

% Change

% Change

Total revenue

Camera units shipped (1)

Gross margin (2)

bps

bps

Operating expenses

Net loss

Diluted net loss per share

Cash provided by (used in) operations

Other financial information:

Adjusted EBITDA (3)

Non-GAAP net loss (4)

Non-GAAP diluted net loss per share (5)

(1)      Represents the number of camera units that are shipped during a reporting period, net of any returns.

(2)     One basis point (bps) is equal to 1/100th of 1%.

(3)      We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude the impact of income tax expense (benefit), interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, point of purchase (POP) display amortization, stock-based compensation, (gain) loss on insurance proceeds, (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges (if applicable), (gain) loss on the revaluation of warrants, and goodwill impairment charges.

(4)     We define non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, acquisition-related costs, restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges (if applicable), (gain) loss on insurance proceeds, (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, gain on sale and/or license of intellectual property, (gain) loss on the revaluation of warrants, goodwill impairment charges, and income tax adjustments. Acquisition-related costs include the amortization of acquired intangible assets and impairment charges (if applicable), as well as third-party transaction costs for legal and other professional services.

(5)     We define non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share as non-GAAP net income (loss) divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, which includes the potentially dilutive effect of our stock options, RSUs, PSUs, warrants, and convertible notes.

Reconciliations of GAAP measures to the most directly comparable non-GAAP adjusted measures and explanations for why we consider non-GAAP measures to be helpful for investors are presented under Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Full Year and Fourth Quarter 2025 financial performance

Revenue for the full year of 2025 was $651.5 million, of which, $545.3 million was from hardware sales and $106.3 million was from subscription and services. Hardware revenue decreased 21.5% from the prior year period, primarily due to the timing and mix of product launches in the full years of 2025 and 2024, consumer-related macroeconomic issues resulting in a softer global consumer market, and an increasingly global competitive landscape which has resulted in market share loss. As a result, camera units shipped in the full year of 2025 decreased 24.9% year-over-year to 1.8 million. For the full year of 2025, camera revenue mix from cameras with an MSRP equal to or greater than $400 was 75%, compared to 76% for the same period in 2024. Subscription and services revenue was flat year-over-year at $106.3 million . For the full year of 2025, our average selling price increased 8.2% year-over-year to $357. Average selling price is defined as total reported revenue divided by camera units shipped. Retail revenue was $481.9 million for the full year of 2025 and represented 74.0% of total revenue, compared to 75.0% of total revenue for the same period in 2024. GoPro.com revenue, which includes subscription and service revenue, was $169.6 million for the full year of 2025 and represented 26.0% of total revenue, compared to 25.0% of total revenue in the prior year period. Our gross margin percentage for the full year of 2025 was 33.6%, compared to 33.8% for the full year of 2024. Net loss for the full year of 2025 was $93.5 million, compared to a net loss of $432.3 million in 2024, which included the establishment of a net valuation allowance of $294.9 million on United States federal and state deferred tax assets in the first quarter of

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

2024. Adjusted EBITDA for the full year of 2025 was negative $28.5 million, compared to negative $71.6 million in 2024.

Revenue for the fourth quarter of 2025 was $201.7 million, of which, $175.1 million was from hardware sales and $26.6 million was from subscription and services. Hardware revenue increased 0.9% in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to our camera revenue mix favoring our higher-end products, like MAX2, which has a MSRP starting at $500, partially offset by a 1.2% decrease in camera units shipped year-over-year to 574 thousand. Our fourth quarter of 2025 camera revenue mix from cameras with an MSRP equal to or greater than $400 was 79% compared to 84% for the same period in 2024. Subscription and services revenue decreased 3% from the prior year period, primarily due to a 6.7% decrease in subscribers as camera unit shipped decreased year-over-year, partially offset by an increase in the average revenue per user. In the fourth quarter of 2025, our average selling price increased 1.6% year-over-year to $351. Retail revenue was $153.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and represented 76.2% of total revenue, compared to 74.4% of total revenue for the same period in 2024. GoPro.com revenue, which includes subscription and service revenue, was $48.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and represented 23.8% of total revenue, compared to 25.6% of total revenue for the same period in 2024. Our overall subscription attach rate from both sales on GoPro.com and from post-camera purchases at retail was 43% in the fourth quarter of 2025, up from 34% in the prior year quarter. Our aggregate retention rate for annual subscribers was 68% in the fourth quarter of 2025, compared to 69% in the same period in 2024. Our gross margin percentage for the fourth quarter of 2025 was 31.8%, compared to 34.7% in the same period in 2024. Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2025 was $9.1 million, compared to a net loss of $37.2 million for the same period in 2024. Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter of 2025 was positive $0.8 million, compared to negative $14.4 million in the same period in 2024.

Our overall subscription attach rate from camera purchases through both GoPro.com and at retail represents the number of new GoPro subscribers in the period over the corresponding number of estimated camera units sold through both GoPro.com and retail channels. Our aggregate retention rate for annual subscribers represents the percent of annual subscribers that renewed their subscription in the period, over the total corresponding renewal events.

Factors affecting performance

We believe that our future success will be dependent on many factors, including those further discussed below. While these areas represent opportunities for us, they also represent challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to operate our business and improve our results of operations.

Driving profitability through improved efficiency, lower costs, and better execution. We incurred operating losses in 2025 and 2024 and may incur losses in the future. While our prior restructuring actions have reduced our operating costs compared to our historical levels, w e continue to make strategic decisions to drive volume, growth, and profitability in our business. We are implementing our 2026 operational plan and changing our approach to operate in a leaner, more focused manner that we believe is sustainable and strategic for long-term success and improved financial performance. This includes pursuing a hardware and software product roadmap we believe will drive innovation, differentiation, and growth. In the longer term, this includes increasing our total addressable market by introducing new, innovative hardware and software products, increasing unit sales volume of our new and existing products, and increasing our subscriber base. Our expectation is that sales from our retail channel will continue to increase relative to sales on GoPro.com . While growth in subscribers and subscription and service revenue has slowed, we continue to make strategic decisions to enhance our subscription offerings to grow subscribers and increase subscriber retention that results in an increase in subscription and service revenue.

Investing in research and development and enhancing our customer experience. Our performance is significantly dependent on the investments we make in research and development, including our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and experienced research and development personnel. As part of our strategic focus on operational efficiency and implementation of our 2026 operational plan, we have adjusted certain investments in research and development while continuing to prioritize projects that support long-term growth of our company, including the expected launch of our new system-on-chip GP3-based cameras beginning in the second quarter of 2026. We expect the timing of new hardware product releases to continue to have a significant impact on our revenue and we must continually develop and introduce innovative new cameras, software, and other new offerings. We plan

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

to further build upon our integrated mobile and cloud-based storytelling solutions, as well as our subscription offerings. Our investments, including those for marketing and advertising, and those related to development efforts associated with our acquisition in 2024, may not successfully drive increased revenue and our customers may not accept our new offerings. Further, we have and will continue to incur substantial research and development expenses and if our efforts are not successful, we may not recover the value of these investments.

Improving profitability. We believe that our continued focus on growing our total addressable market from our retail and GoPro.com channels, including subscription and service revenue, and broadening our range of hardware products will support our ability to return to profitability on an annual basis due to timely and effective product launches, increases in unit volume, subscribers and related revenue, and continued operating expense control. While the total market for digital imagery has seen an increase in competition, we believe that our consumers’ differentiated use of GoPro cameras, our mobile app and cloud solutions, our continued innovation of product features desired by our users, and our brand, all help support our competitiveness within the market for digital cameras. However, we expect that the markets in which we conduct our business will remain highly competitive as we face new or improved product introductions from competitors such as enhanced phone capabilities and technology-enabled glasses. Sales in international locations subject us to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and regional macroeconomic conditions that may cause us to adjust pricing, which may make our hardware and software products more or less attractive to the consumer. Continued fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and regional macroeconomic conditions could have a continued impact on our future operating results. Our profitability also depends on the continued success of our subscription and service offerings.

Marketing the improved GoPro experience. We intend to focus our marketing resources on highlighting our camera features, subscription and service benefits, and further improve brand recognition. Historically, our growth has largely been fueled by the adoption of our hardware products by people looking to self-capture images of themselves participating in exciting physical activities. Our goal of returning to profitability depends on continuing to reach, expand and re-engage with this core user base in alignment with our strategic priorities. Sales and marketing investments will often occur in advance of any sales benefits from these activities, and it may be difficult for us to determine if we are efficiently allocating our resources in this area.

Seasonality. Historically, we have experienced the highest levels of total revenue and channel inventory sell-through in the fourth quarter of the year, coinciding with the holiday shopping season, particularly in the United States and Europe. While we have implemented operational changes aimed at reducing the impact of fourth quarter seasonality on full year performance, timely and effective product introductions, whether just prior to the holiday season or otherwise, and forecasting, are critical to our operations and financial performance.

Macroeconomic risks. Macroeconomic conditions affecting the level of consumer spending include market volatility and fluctuations in tariffs, foreign exchange rates, inflation, and interest rates. Some hardware product costs have become subject to inflationary pressure, and we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases.

Components of our Results of Ope rations

Revenue. Our revenue is primarily comprised of hardware product sales, and subscription and service offerings, net of returns and sales incentives. Hardware revenue is derived from the sale of our cameras and accessories directly to retailers, through our network of domestic and international distributors, and on GoPro.com. Subscription and service revenue is primarily derived from the sale of our Premium+, Premium and Quik subscriptions on GoPro.com, and the Quik mobile app. See Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding revenue recognition.

Cost of revenue. Our hardware cost of revenue primarily consists of product costs, including costs of contract manufacturing for production, third-party logistics and procurement costs, warranty repair costs, tooling and equipment depreciation, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, license fees, tariffs and certain allocated costs related to our manufacturing team, facilities, including right-of-use asset impairment charges and personnel-

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

related expenses. Subscription and service cost of revenue primarily consists of third-party hosting fees, cloud storage costs, personnel-related expenses, and other subscription costs.

Operating expenses. We classify our operating expenses into three categories: research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative.

• Research and development . Our research and development expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, and employee benefits. Research and development expense also includes consulting and outside professional services costs, materials, and allocated facilities, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, restructuring, depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses associated with the development of our hardware and software product offerings.

• Sales and marketing . Our sales and marketing expense consists primarily of advertising and marketing promotions of our hardware products and subscription and services, and personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, and employee benefits. Sales and marketing expense also includes point of purchase (POP) display expenses and related amortization, sales commissions, GoPro.com and subscription provider fees, trade show and event costs, sponsorship costs, consulting and contractor expenses, and allocated facilities, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, restructuring, depreciation, and other supporting overhead expenses.

• General and administrative. Our general and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits for our finance, legal, human resources, information technology and administrative personnel. General and administrative expense also includes professional service costs related to accounting, tax, and legal services, and allocated facilities, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, restructuring, depreciation, and other supporting overhead expenses.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the components of our consolidated statements of operations for each of the periods presented, and each component as a percentage of total revenue:

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Revenue

Hardware

Subscription and services

Total revenue

Cost of revenue

Hardware

Subscription and services

Total cost of revenue

Gross profit

Operating expenses:

Research and development

Sales and marketing

General and administrative

Goodwill impairment

Total operating expenses

Operating loss

Other income (expense):

Interest expense

Other income, net

Total other income (expense), net

Loss before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

Net loss

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Revenue

(camera units and dollars in thousands, except average selling price)

Year ended December 31,

% Change

% Change

Camera units shipped

Average selling price

Hardware

Percentage of total revenue

Subscription and services

Percentage of total revenue

Total revenue

Retail

Percentage of total revenue

GoPro.com

Percentage of total revenue

Total revenue

Americas

Percentage of total revenue

Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)

Percentage of total revenue

Asia and Pacific (APAC)

Percentage of total revenue

Total revenue

2025 Compared to 2024. Total revenue for the full year of 2025 was $651.5 million, of which, $545.3 million was from hardware sales and $106.3 million was from subscription and services. Hardware revenue decreased 21.5% from the prior year period primarily due to the timing and mix of product launches in the full year of 2025 and 2024, consumer-related macroeconomic issues resulting in a softer global consumer market, and an increasingly global competitive landscape which has resulted in market share loss. As a result, camera units shipped in the full year of 2025 decreased 24.9% year-over-year to 1.8 million. For the full year of 2025, camera revenue mix from cameras with an MSRP equal to or greater than $400 was 75% compared to 76% for the same period in 2024. Subscription and services revenue was flat year-over-year at $106.3 million. For the full year of 2025, our average selling price increased 8.2% year-over-year to $357. Retail revenue was $481.9 million for the full year of 2025 and represented 74.0% of total revenue, compared to 75.0% of total revenue for the same period in 2024. GoPro.com revenue, which includes subscription and service revenue, was $169.6 million for the full year of 2025 and represented 26.0% of total revenue, compared to 25.0% of total revenue in the prior year period.

2024 Compared to 2023. Total revenue for the full year of 2024 was $801.5 million, of which, $694.5 million was from hardware sales and $107.0 million was from subscription and services. Hardware revenue decreased 23.5% from 2023 primarily due to a decrease in units shipped of 2.4 million from 3.0 million in 2023, or a decrease of 18.5%, primarily due to consumer-related macroeconomic issues resulting in a softer global consumer market, an increasingly global competitive landscape and the delay of our MAX2 camera, which launched in September 2025. For the full year of 2024, camera revenue mix from cameras with an MSRP equal to or greater than $400 was 76% compared to 77% for the same period in 2023. Subscription and services revenue increased 9.7% from 2023 primarily due to improving aggregate retention rates. In the full year of 2024, our average selling price decreased 2.2% year-over-year to $330, primarily due to a shift in camera revenue mix with the introduction of our

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

$199 HERO entry level product and an increase in promotional activity during 2024. Retail revenue was $600.9 million for the full year of 2024 and represented 75.0% of total revenue, compared to 70.0% of total revenue for the same period in 2023. GoPro.com revenue, which includes subscription and service revenue, was $200.6 million for the full year of 2024 and represented 25.0% of total revenue, compared to 30.0% of total revenue for the same period in 2023.

Cost of revenue and gross margin

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Hardware

Subscription and services

Total cost of revenue

Gross margin

bps

bps

2025 Compared to 2024. Gross margin of 33.6% in the full year of 2025 decreased from 33.8% in the same period of 2024, or 20 bps, primarily driven by higher product costs related to product mix (260 bps) and higher operational and tariff costs (240 bps), partially offset by a higher average selling price (350 bps), and subscription and service revenue (130 bps).

2024 Compared to 2023. Gross margin of 33.8% in the full year of 2024 increased from 32.2% in the same period of 2023, or 160 bps, primarily due to an increased margin contribution from subscription and services (200 bps) and lower operational costs related to warranty, tariff and freight savings (70 bps), partially offset by higher promotional activity (70 bps) and the effect of foreign currency fluctuations (40 bps).

Research and development

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Research and development

Stock-based compensation

Acquisition-related costs

Restructuring costs

Total research and development

Percentage of total revenue

2025 Compared to 2024. The year-over-year decrease of $59.1 million, or 31.8%, in total research and development expense in the full year of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was primarily driven by a $19.6 million decrease in consulting and professional services primarily due to our next generation system-on-chip, GP3, a $19.5 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs, a $15.2 million decrease in restructuring costs, a $4.0 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, and a $0.8 million decrease in travel related expenses.

Sales and marketing

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Sales and marketing

Stock-based compensation

Restructuring costs

Total sales and marketing

Percentage of total revenue

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024. The year-over-year decrease of $59.9 million, or 37.3%, in total sales and marketing expense in the full year of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was primarily driven by a $33.6 million decrease in advertising and marketing expenses, primarily attributable to online campaigns, activation events and sponsorships, an $8.3 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs, a $6.8 million decrease in consulting and professional services, a $4.8 million decrease in restructuring costs, a $2.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, a $1.7 million decrease in allocated facilities, depreciation, and supporting overhead expenses, a $1.0 million decrease in travel related expenses, and a $1.0 million decrease in credit card fees from sales on GoPro.com.

General and administrative

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

General and administrative

Stock-based compensation

Acquisition-related costs

Restructuring costs

Total general and administrative

Percentage of total revenue

2025 Compared to 2024. The year-over-year decrease of $3.4 million, or 5.8%, in total general and administrative expense for the full year of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was primarily driven by a $4.3 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs and a $2.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a $4.2 million increase in consulting and professional services.

Restructuring costs

Third quarter 2024 restructuring. In August 2024, we approved a restructuring plan (the Original Restructuring Plan) and in October 2024, we approved an amended restructuring plan (the Updated Restructuring Plan). In connection with the Original Restructuring Plan and Updated Restructuring Plan, we reduced our global workforce by 25% compared to our headcount ending Q2 2024, and we recorded restructuring charges of $18.7 million, including $12.7 million related to severance and $6.0 million of project cancellation costs.

First quarter 2024 restructuring. In March 2024, we approved a restructuring plan to reduce operating costs and drive stronger operating leverage by reducing our global workforce by approximately 4% and closing certain office space. Under the first quarter 2024 restructuring plan, we recorded restructuring charges of $2.3 million related to severance, $3.3 million related to a right-of-use asset impairment upon ceasing the use of part of our headquarters campus and $0.6 million related to office space charges. The right-of-use asset impairment charge was recorded as a restructuring expense, primarily in the operating expense financial statement line items in the consolidated statements of operations. The unused portion of our headquarters campus has its own identifiable expenses and is not dependent on other parts of our business, and thus was considered its own asset group. As a result, we impaired the carrying value of the related right-of-use asset to its estimated fair value using the discounted cash flows method. The discounted future cash flows were based on a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. As of March 31, 2025, all restructuring charges related to the first quarter 2024 restructuring plan have been paid.

See Note 13 Restructuring charges, to the Notes to consolidated financial statements.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Other income (expense)

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Interest expense

Other income, net

Total other income (expense), net

2025 Compared to 2024. Total other income (expense), net was expense of $8.1 million for the full year of 2025 compared to income of $1.9 million in the same period of 2024. The year-over-year change of $10.1 million was primarily due to a $5.1 million increase in cash interest expense primarily related to the 2025 Credit Agreement and draws on our 2021 Credit Agreement, a $3.0 million charge on the 2025 revaluation of the warrants issued in connection with the 2025 Credit Agreement as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements, a $1.0 million gain on the sale of intellectual property in 2024 that did not reoccur in 2025 and a $0.9 million decrease in a gain on insurance proceeds in 2025.

Income taxes

Year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Income tax expense (benefit)

2025 Compared to 2024. We recorded an income tax expense of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 on a pre-tax net loss of $91.4 million. Our income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily resulted from a change in the valuation allowance on the United States federal and state net deferred tax assets, nondeductible equity tax expense from employee stock-based compensation, and tax expense from goodwill impairment, partially offset by a tax benefit on a pre-tax net loss, and the federal and California research and development credits.

Our 2024 income tax expense of $299.2 million primarily resulted from the establishment and the change in the 2024 valuation allowance on the United States federal and state net deferred tax assets, partially offset by a tax benefit on a pre-tax net loss, and the release of a portion of our uncertain tax positions as a result of a lapse in the statute of limitations in certain jurisdictions.

Each quarter, we assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets under ASC Topic 740. We assess available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize our deferred tax assets. In the assessment for the period ended December 31, 2025, we concluded that it remains more likely than not that our United States federal and state deferred tax assets would not be realizable. We will continue to monitor our financial results and future projections to assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets. In the event there is a need to release the valuation allowance, a corresponding tax benefit would be recognized. Our foreign deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction are supported by taxable income or in the case of acquired companies, by the future reversal of deferred tax liabilities. It is more likely than not that our foreign deferred tax assets will be realized and thus, a valuation allowance is not required on our foreign deferred tax assets.

See Note 9 Income taxes, to the Notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Quarterly results of operations

The following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations for each of the eight quarterly periods in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025.

Three months ended

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Dec. 31,

Sept. 30,

Jun. 30,

Mar. 31,

Dec. 31,

Sept. 30,

Jun. 30,

Mar. 31,

Total revenue

Gross profit

Operating expenses

Net loss

Net loss per share - basic and diluted

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents selected financial information as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

Cash and cash equivalents

Marketable securities

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

Percentage of total assets

Our primary source of cash is receipts from sales of our hardware products, and subscription and service. Other sources of cash are from proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, borrowings under our credit facility and credit agreement, the sale of Class A common stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, and facility subleases. Our primary uses of cash are for inventory procurement, payroll-related expenses, general operating expenses, including advertising, marketing, office rent, purchases of property and equipment, other costs of revenue including components, such as memory, share repurchases, acquisitions, interest, and taxes. In 2025, we also used $94.3 million in cash to repay the remaining aggregate principal of the 2025 Notes in November 2025.

Our liquidity position has been historically impacted by seasonality, which is primarily driven by higher revenues during the second half of the year as compared to the first half. For example, net cash provided by operating activities during the second half of 2025 was $27.8 million, compared to cash used in operating activities of $48.4 million during the first half of 2025.

As of December 31, 2025, our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaled $49.7 million. The overall cash used in operating activities of $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to a net loss of $93.5 million, partially offset by net cash inflows from other non-cash expenses of $31.7 million, an $18.6 million goodwill impairment charge, and changes in our working capital of $22.5 million. Working capital changes for the year ended December 31, 2025 of $22.5 million were the result of a decrease in inventory of $42.3 million and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $11.1 million, an increase in accounts receivables of $7.3 million, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $4.1 million. As of December 31, 2025, $3.1 million of cash was held by our foreign subsidiaries.

2021 Credit Facility

In January 2021, we entered into a Credit Agreement which provides for a revolving credit facility (2021 Credit Facility) under which we may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $35.0 million from the February 2026 amendment to the Borrowing Base Conversion Date, which is considered when we complete an appraisal and

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

other collateral diligence measures in order to implement a borrowing base to tie usage of the 2021 Credit Facility to our collateral value, and up to $50.0 million thereafter. In March 2023, August 2025 and February 2026, we amended the 2021 Credit Agreement (collectively, the 2021 Credit Agreement). The February 2026 amendment extended the maturity of the 2021 Credit Agreement to June 2027, changed the interest rate borrowed funds accrued interest and changed the liquidity minimums, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements. Upon termination of the 2021 Credit Agreement in June 2027, any outstanding borrowings will become due and payable.

Prior to the Borrowing Base Conversion Date, the amount that may be borrowed under the 2021 Credit Agreement is $35.0 million, unless our Asset Coverage Ratio is less than 1.50, which would subject the amount that may be borrowed to a customary borrowing base calculation. The Asset Coverage Ratio is defined as the ratio of (i) the sum of (a) our cash and cash equivalents in the United States plus specified percentages of other qualified debt investments (Qualified Cash) plus (b) specified percentages of the net book values of our accounts receivable and certain inventory to (ii) $50.0 million. After the Borrowing Base Conversion Date, the amount that may be borrowed under the 2021 Credit Agreement is based on a customary borrowing base calculation.

Borrowed funds accrue interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either (i) a per annum rate equal to the base rate plus a margin of 2.50% or (ii) a per annum rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a 10 basis point premium and a margin of 3.50%. We are required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the 2021 Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum. Amounts owed under the 2021 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our United States subsidiaries and secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets and certain of our subsidiaries (including intellectual property registrations and applications, which is subject to an intercreditor agreement).

The 2021 Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default. We are required to maintain Liquidity (the sum of unused availability under the credit facility and our Qualified Cash) of at least (i) $25.0 million during the period from the date we entered into the 2021 Credit Agreement amendment in February 2026 as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements through June 30, 2026, (ii) $30.0 million during the period from July 1, 2026 through July 31, 2026, (iii) $35.0 million during the period from August 1, 2026 through August 31, 2026, and (iv) $40.0 million from September 1, 2026 through the maturity date (of which at least $10.0 million shall be attributable to Qualified Cash during all periods), and maintain a minimum unused availability under the credit facility of at least $10.0 million after the Borrowing Base Conversion Date.

For the period ended December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the liquidity and asset coverage ratio financial covenants contained in the 2021 Credit Agreement; however, the 2021 Credit Agreement also required us to be in compliance with the financial covenants within the 2025 Credit Agreement. We were not in compliance with the 2025 Credit Agreement asset coverage ratio of 1.25x or minimum EBITDA covenant of not less than $10.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025 within the 2025 Credit Agreement for the period ended December 31, 2025 and we subsequently cured the non-compliance by entering into an amendment on February 27, 2026 that amended these covenant requirements, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements. There are outstanding letters of credit under the 2021 Credit Agreement which total $9.2 million for certain duty-related requirements which was not collateralized by any cash on hand.

2025 Credit Agreement

On August 4, 2025, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Farallon Capital Management, L.L.C., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the Agent), and Mateo Financing, LLC (the Lender). In November 2025 and February 2026, we amended the Credit Agreement (collectively, the 2025 Credit Agreement). The 2025 Credit Agreement provides for a second lien credit facility up to $50.0 million (the 2025 Term Loan). The 2025 Credit Agreement will mature, and any outstanding borrowings become due and payable on January 22, 2028. The February 2026 amendment revised the (i) minimum liquidity for the remaining term of the 2025 Credit Agreement, (ii) removed the EBITDA minimums for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025 and for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2026, (iii) revised the EBITDA minimum for the remainder of the 2025 Credit Agreement, and (iv) revised the minimum asset coverage ratio for periods prior to March 31, 2026, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Borrowed funds accrue interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either (i) the applicable one or three-month SOFR, plus a 10 basis point premium for one-month SOFR or 15 basis point premium for three-month SOFR, plus 7.5%, or (ii) the Base Rate plus 6.50%. The base rate is defined as the greatest of (i) the Wall Street Journal prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or (iii) a per annum rate equal to the SOFR plus 1.00%. During an event of default, the applicable interest rates are increased by 2.0% per annum. For Base Rate loans, we will pay interest on a quarterly basis and at the maturity date. For SOFR rate loans, we will pay interest at least quarterly, or more frequently, as defined in the 2025 Credit Agreement, and at the maturity date. We will make quarterly principal payments on the 2025 Term Loan, with the remaining principal due on the maturity date. Under the 2025 Credit Agreement, we may be obligated to pay additional amounts which would allow for a minimum return, as defined by the 2025 Credit Agreement. The 2025 Term Loan is subject to mandatory prepayment in certain cases involving asset dispositions, debt issuances, certain receipts of cash proceeds from insurance and other extraordinary receipts, and change in control. We are required to apply 25% of excess cash flow to repay the 2025 Term Loan. Prepayments of the 2025 Term Loan, whether optional, mandatory, before, on or after January 22, 2028, or as a result of any acceleration of the 2025 Term Loan as a result of an event of default, require a prepayment premium in an amount set forth in the 2025 Credit Agreement. Amounts owed under the 2025 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries, and are secured by a second lien security interest in substantially all of our assets and certain of our subsidiaries.

The 2025 Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, certain investments, dividends, stock repurchases and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. The financial covenants require (a) us to maintain liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and availability under the 2021 Credit Agreement) of at least (i) $25.0 million during the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2026, (ii) $30.0 million during the fiscal month ending July 31, 2026, (iii) $35.0 million during the fiscal month ending August 31, 2026 and (iv) $40.0 million during any fiscal month thereafter; (b) us not to have EBITDA (as defined in the 2025 Credit Agreement) of (i) less than $5.0 million, subject to adjustment, for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026, (ii) less than zero, subject to adjustment, for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026, (iii) less than zero for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2026, (iv) less than $20.0 million for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2027, (v) less than $30.0 million for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending June 30, 2027, (vi) less than $35.0 million for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2027, and (vii) less than $40.0 million for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2027 and thereafter; and (c) us not to permit an asset coverage ratio (defined as the ratio of (x) the sum of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and certain accounts and inventory, divided by (y) the sum of accounts payable and total debt (as defined in the 2025 Credit Agreement) of less than (i) 1.05:1.00 on or prior to March 31, 2026 or (ii) 1.15:1.00 thereafter. The EBITDA thresholds for fiscal quarters ending June 30, 2026 and September 30, 2026 are subject to potential adjustments in the event of a reduction in tariff amounts in Malaysia or Thailand (or both) to a level that is 10% or lower, as described in further detail in the 2025 Credit Agreement. To the extent there are adjustments to the tariff rates of only one of the countries, the corresponding adjustments will be apportioned accordingly.

The 2025 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default that include, among other things, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, violation of certain covenants, cross default to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments, change of control and certain material ERISA events. An event of default would also occur in the event we fail to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq stock market for a period of 30 consecutive days. The occurrence of an event of default could result in the acceleration of the obligations under the 2025 Credit Agreement and 2021 Credit Agreement.

As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal under the 2025 Term Loan was $49.8 million. For the period ended December 31, 2025, we were not in compliance with the asset coverage ratio of 1.25x or minimum EBITDA covenant of not less than $10.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025 within the 2025 Credit Agreement for the period ended December 31, 2025, and we subsequently cured the non-compliance by entering into an amendment on February 27, 2026 that amended these covenant requirements, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

On August 4, 2025, in connection with the 2025 Credit Agreement, and as subsequently amended on November 5, 2025, we issued an aggregate of 11,076,968 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, which can be exercised at a price of $0.75. The warrants may be exercised at any time prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time, on August 1, 2035. Exercise of the warrants will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Any warrants not exercised prior to such time will expire.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations related to the 2025 Term Loan as of December 31, 2025 and the expected timing of those payments:

(in thousands)

Total

Next 12 Months

Beyond 12 Months

Long-term debt (1)

(1)     Our 2025 Term Loan is due in January 2028. The balances include accrued and unpaid interest as of December 31, 2025 . Refer to Note 5 Financing arrangements in the Notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Securities Purchase Agreement

In February 2026, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (Securities Purchase Agreement) with YA II PN, Ltd. (YA II PN), a fund of Yorkville Advisors Global, LP in connection with the issuance and sale by us of convertible debentures (the Convertible Debentures) issuable in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million , which Convertible Debentures will be convertible into shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the Common Stock) (as converted, the Conversion Shares). Conversion of the Convertible Debentures will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, YA II PN purchased $25.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures on the signing of the Securities Purchase Agreement. At our discretion, YA II PN may purchase and we may issue an additional $5.0 million on the day prior to the filing of a registration statement with the SEC. At our discretion, YA II PN may purchase and we may issue an additional $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures on or about the second business day following the satisfaction of certain closing conditions.

The Convertible Debentures accrue interest at 0% per annum, unless (i) certain interest rate adjustment events occur, upon which the Convertible Debentures will bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% until such interest rate adjustment event is no longer continuing, or (ii) we have issued Conversion Shares that reaches a capped level within the first six months or an event of default occurs and remains uncured, upon which the Convertible Debentures will bear interest at an annual rate of 18.00%. The Convertible Debentures will mature in August 2027, unless previously redeemed. The Convertible Debentures may be redeemed prior to maturity so long as our stock price is above $1.1453, with a redemption premium of 7% of the principal amount being paid. The Convertible Debentures will be issued at an original issue discount of 3.00%.

The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the holder into Common Stock equal to the applicable Conversion Amount divided by the Conversion Price. The conversion price for the Convertible Debentures will be the lower of (i) $1.1453, or (ii) 98% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date of conversion or other date of determination, but which shall not be lower than $0.1736, (the Conversion Price). Any portion of the Convertible Debentures may be converted at any time and from time to time, subject to the Exchange Cap. The Conversion Amount with respect to any requested conversion will equal the principal amount requested to be converted plus all accrued and unpaid interest on the Convertible Debentures as of such conversion, with fractional shares rounded up (the Conversion Amount). In addition, no conversion will be permitted to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, the holder together with the certain related parties would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion, subject to certain adjustments.

We shall not issue any Common Stock upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures held by YA II PN if the issuance of such Common Stock underlying the Convertible Debentures would exceed the aggregate number of Common Stock that we may issue upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures in compliance with our obligations under the rules or regulations of Nasdaq Stock Market (the Exchange Cap). The Exchange Cap will not apply under certain circumstances, including if we obtain the approval of our stockholders as required by the applicable rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market for issuances of Common Stock in excess of such amount, or if we

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

obtain a written opinion from outside counsel to us that such stockholder approval is not required. In addition, for the first six months following the date of the Securities Purchase Agreement we shall not issue any Conversion Shares to the extent that the aggregate number of Conversion Shares that we have issued would exceed 47,650,000 Common Shares.

Convertible Notes

In November 2020, we issued $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes (2025 Notes) in a private placement to purchasers for resale to qualified institutional buyers. In November 2023, we repurchased $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes, reducing the principal amount owed to $93.8 million. We repaid the remaining $93.8 million in aggregate principal at maturity on November 15, 2025 with restricted cash on hand.

In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions (Capped Calls). We used $10.2 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Notes to purchase the Capped Calls and $56.2 million of the net proceeds to repurchase $50.0 million of the $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes, which we issued in April 2017. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. The Capped Calls expired on November 15, 2025.

Other Contractual Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into multi-year agreements to purchase sponsorships with event organizers, resorts, and athletes as part of our marketing efforts, software licenses related to our financial and IT systems, operating lease arrangements to support our operations in the U.S. and international locations, and various other contractual commitments. The following table summarizes our other contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025, and the expected timing of those payments:

(in thousands)

Total

Next 12 Months

Beyond 12 Months

Operating lease obligations (1)

Other contractual commitments (2)

Total contractual cash obligations

(1)     Operating lease obligations exclude cash inflows from existing contractual facility subleases through the end of 2026.

(2)     Includes a $55.7 million contractual commitment related to cloud infrastructure and storage, of which, $39.5 million is due within the next 12 months.

See Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees, for a discussion regarding facility leases and other contractual commitments in the Notes to consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity

The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the continuity of operations, realization of assets, and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. In the year ended December 31, 2025, our performance continued to be impacted by consumer-related macroeconomic issues resulting in a softer global consumer market, an increasingly global competitive landscape, tariffs and the sales volume of our 360-camera MAX2, which had a delayed introduction in September 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, total revenue was $651.5 million and $801.5 million, respectively, representing an 18.7% decline year-over-year. As a result, we incurred operating losses of $83.3 million and operating cash outflows of $20.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $49.7 million and $102.8 million, respectively, and an accumulated deficit of $775.1 million and $681.6 million, respectively. For the period ended December 31, 2025, we were not in compliance with the asset coverage ratio or minimum EBITDA covenant within the 2025 Credit Agreement, and we subsequently cured the non-compliance by entering into an amendment on February 27, 2026 that amended the covenant requirements, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements.

We have considered and assessed our ability to continue as a going concern for at least 12 months from the issuance of these audited consolidated financial statements. Our assessment included the preparation of a cash flow forecast using a 2026 operational plan which incorporates the $25.0 million of proceeds received in February

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

2026 pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, as discussed in Note 14 Subsequent events, and amendments to the 2021 Credit Agreement, that extended the maturity date, and 2025 Credit Agreement, which was amended to reduce or remove the current and future minimum liquidity, asset coverage ratio and EBITDA covenants, as discussed in Note 5 Financing arrangements. The 2026 operational plan is structured to: (i) realize board approved cost savings to further reduce operating expenses in the second half of 2026; (ii) increase revenue generated from new product launches beginning in the second quarter of 2026; and (iii) ensure effective production planning and inventory management. We considered additional actions within our control that we would implement, if necessary, to maintain liquidity and operations in the ordinary course of business. Additional actions considered include further reducing discretionary spending in all areas of the business, further headcount restructuring actions, and at our discretion, the issuance an additional $5.0 million and $20.0 million in aggregate principal of Convertible Debentures as discussed in Note 14 Subsequent events.

We estimate such actions will be sufficient to allow us to maintain liquidity and operations in the ordinary course of business for at least 12 months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. While we estimate such actions will be sufficient to allow us to maintain liquidity and operations in the ordinary course for at least 12 months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements, there can be no assurance we will generate sufficient future cash from operations. Factors that can impact our future cash generation include, but are not limited to, underperformance of our product launches, inability to successfully manage production planning, inventory and working capital, further inflation impacting consumer demand and cost of components, rising interest rates, tariffs, increased component costs, component shortages or limited availability, ongoing recessionary conditions and continued competition. If we are not successful in maintaining demand for our products, or if macroeconomic conditions further constrain consumer demand, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to revenue and profitability. In addition, we may need additional financing to execute on our current or future business strategy, and additional financing may not be available or on terms favorable to us.

Summary of Cash Flow

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

% Change

% Change

Net cash provided by (used in):

Operating activities

Investing activities

Financing activities

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operating activities of $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to a net loss of $93.5 million, partially offset by net cash inflows from other non-cash expenses of $31.7 million, an $18.6 million goodwill impairment charge, and changes in our working capital of $22.5 million. Working capital changes for the year ended December 31, 2025 of $22.5 million were the result of a decrease in inventory of $42.3 million and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $11.1 million, an increase in accounts receivables of $7.3 million, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $4.1 million.

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash used in investing activities of $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to net purchases of property and equipment of $3.4 million.

Cash flows from financing activities

Cash used in financing activities of $30.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to the full repayment of the 2025 Convertible Notes for $93.8 million , repayments of $48.0 million on our 2021 Credit Facility, payment of debt issuance costs of $2.3 million related to our 2025 Credit Agreement, and $1.9 million in tax payments for net restricted stock unit settlements, partially offset by net proceeds of $113.2 million

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

from our 2021 Credit Facility and 2025 Credit Agreement, a $2.0 million purchase of our Class A common stock shares by Nicholas Woodman, our Chief Executive Officer, as discussed in Note 10 Related party transactions and $0.7 million of cash inflows from stock purchases made through our employee stock purchase plan.

Indemnifications

The information set forth under Note 11 Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees in the Notes to consolidated financial statements under the caption Indemnifications is incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, and expenses and the related disclosures. Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to the Notes to consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Our senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our board of directors.

Revenue recognition

We derive substantially all of our revenue from the sale of cameras, mounts, accessories, subscription and service, and implied post contract support to customers. We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The transaction price we expect to be entitled to is primarily comprised of hardware revenue, net of returns and variable consideration, which includes sales incentives provided to customers.

Our camera sales contain multiple performance obligations that can include the following four separate obligations: (i) a camera hardware component (which may be bundled with hardware accessories) and the embedded firmware essential to the functionality of the camera component delivered at the time of sale, (ii) a subscription and service, (iii) the implied right for the customer to receive post contract support after the initial sale (PCS), and (iv) the implicit right to our downloadable free apps and software solutions. PCS includes the right to receive, on a when and if available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features as well as bug fixes, and email, chat, and telephone support. Judgment is required to properly identify the units of accounting for our camera sales arrangements.

For the sales of our hardware products, including related firmware and free software solutions, revenue is recognized when transfer of control occurs at a point in time, which generally is at the time the hardware product is shipped and when collection is considered probable. For customers who purchase hardware products directly from GoPro.com, we retain a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit, which are accounted for as fulfillment costs. Subscription and service revenue is recognized primarily from our Premium+, Premium and Quik subscription offerings sold on GoPro.com and the Quik mobile app, and is recognized ratably over the subscription term, with any payments received in advance of services being rendered recorded in deferred revenue.

For our camera sale arrangements with multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which we separately sell our hardware products, and subscription and service. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, then we estimate the standalone selling prices considering market conditions and entity-specific factors. For example, the standalone selling price for PCS is determined

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

based on a cost-plus approach, which incorporates the level of support provided to customers, estimated costs to provide our support, and the amount of time and cost that is allocated to our efforts to develop the undelivered elements. While changes in the allocation of the transaction price among the performance obligations will not affect the amount of total revenue ultimately recognized for a particular camera sale arrangement, any significant change in these allocations could impact the timing of revenue recognition, which could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our standard terms and conditions for non-web-based sales do not allow for product returns other than under warranty. However, we grant limited rights to return product for certain large retailers. Estimates of expected future product returns are recognized at the time of sale based on analyses of historical return trends by customer class and other factors. An estimated return liability along with a right to recover assets are recorded for future product returns. Return trends are influenced by product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality, and other factors. Return rates may fluctuate over time, but are sufficiently predictable to allow us to estimate expected future product returns. Actual returns in any future period could differ from our estimates, which could impact the revenue that we report.

We provide our customers with sales incentives through various programs, including cooperative advertising, price protection, marketing development funds and other incentives. Sales incentives are considered to be variable consideration, which we estimate and record as a reduction to revenue at the date of sale. Sales incentives are influenced by historical experience, product sell-through and other factors. Actual sales incentives and their impact on reported revenue could differ from our estimates.

Inventory valuation

Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis. Our inventory balances were $78.4 million and $120.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of our inventory balances, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventory. We determine excess or obsolete inventory based on multiple factors, including market conditions, estimated future demand for our hardware products within a specified time horizon (generally 12 months), hardware product life cycle status, hardware product development plans and current sales levels.

Income taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rates differ from the United States federal statutory rate, primarily due to changes in our valuation allowance, the effect of non-United States operations, deductible and non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, state taxes, federal and state research and development tax credits and other adjustments. Our effective tax rate was negative 2.2%, negative 224.8%, and positive 21.5% in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The calculation of our provision for income taxes involves the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments while taking into account current tax laws, our interpretation of current tax laws and possible outcomes of future tax audits. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust the balances as new information becomes available.

Each quarter, we assess the realizability of our existing deferred tax assets under ASC Topic 740. We assess available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize our deferred tax assets. In the assessment for the period ended December 31, 2025, we concluded that it remains more likely than not that we will not be able to realize our deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2025, the total valuation allowance on United States federal and state net deferred tax assets was $344.6 million. We will continue to monitor our future financial results, expected projections and their potential impact on our assessment regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax asset balances and in the event there is a need to release the valuation allowance, a tax benefit would be recorded. Our foreign deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction are supported by taxable income or in the case of acquired companies, by the future reversal of deferred tax liabilities. It is more likely than not that our foreign deferred tax assets will be realized and thus, a valuation allowance is not required on our foreign deferred tax assets.

Uncertain tax positions. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. We file annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world and a number of

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited by the relevant tax authorities and finally resolved. We have established reserves to address potential exposures related to tax positions that could be challenged by tax authorities. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position and we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different, we believe that we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions.

Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected if actual earnings are different than our estimates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, outcomes resulting from income tax examinations, or by changes or interpretations in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets

We perform an annual assessment of our goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, such as an adverse change in business climate, declines in market capitalization or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than the carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we measure the amount of impairment as the amount the carrying value of our single reporting unit exceeds the fair value, up to the carrying value of goodwill, by using a discounted cash flow method and market approach method.

In the first quarter of 2025, our market capitalization declined 38% from December 31, 2024, in part due to tariff and geopolitical events, resulting in our market capitalization no longer exceeding the carrying value of our single reporting unit as of March 31, 2025. As a result, we performed a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis and estimated the fair value of our single reporting unit utilizing the income approach using a discounted future cash flow model and a market approach. The analysis required estimates which required significant judgment related to the estimation of future cash flow and discount rates. The analysis was dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term revenue growth rates, terminal growth rates, profitability measures and determination of the discount rate. As a result of the quantitative impairment test, we concluded that the carrying value of our single reporting unit exceeded its fair value, resulting in the recognition of an $18.6 million goodwill impairment charge in the first quarter of 2025.

We completed our annual impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2025 using a qualitative assessment and concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit was less than the carrying value. Additionally, as of December 31, 2025, the market capitalization exceeded the carrying value of our single reporting unit by 67%, which was not adjusted for an acquisition control premium which would further increase the percentage the fair value exceeded the carrying value. Using the market capitalization approach, the fair value of our single reporting unit is estimated based on the trading price of our stock at the test date, which is further adjusted by an acquisition control premium representing the synergies a market participant would obtain when obtaining control of the business.

The estimated fair value of our single reporting unit is affected by the volatility in our stock price. For example, a 5% decrease in our December 31, 2025 stock price would result in our market capitalization exceeding the carrying value of our single reporting unit by 65%, which is not adjusted for an acquisition control premium. If our market capitalization declines or future performance falls below our current expectations, assumptions, or estimates, including assumptions related to current macroeconomic uncertainties, this may trigger a future material non-cash goodwill impairment charge, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in the reporting period in which a charge would be necessary. We will continue to monitor developments, including updates to our forecasts and market capitalization. An update of our assessment and related estimates may be required in the future.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report net income (loss) and diluted net income (loss) per share in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and on a non-GAAP basis. We additionally report non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA. We use non-GAAP financial measures to help us understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget, and to develop short-term and long-term operational plans. Our management uses and believes that investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, the measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, and are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that these non-GAAP measures, when read in conjunction with our GAAP financials, provide useful information to investors by facilitating:

• the comparability of our on-going operating results over the periods presented;

• the ability to identify trends in our underlying business; and

• the comparison of our operating results against analyst financial models and operating results of other public companies that supplement their GAAP results with non-GAAP financial measures.

These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income tax expense (benefit), which may change cash available to us;

• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest income (expense), which may reduce cash available to us;

• adjusted EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization and, although these are non-cash charges, the property and equipment being depreciated and amortized often will have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements;

• adjusted EBITDA excludes the amortization of point of purchase (POP) display assets because it is a non-cash charge, and is treated similarly to depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of acquired intangible assets;

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude restructuring and other related costs which primarily include severance-related costs, stock-based compensation expenses, manufacturing consolidation charges, facilities consolidation charges recorded in connection with restructuring actions, including right-of-use asset impairment charges (if applicable), and the related ongoing operating lease cost of those facilities recorded under ASC 842, Leases . These expenses do not reflect expected future operating expenses and do not contribute to a meaningful evaluation of current operating performance or comparisons to the operating performance in other periods;

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude stock-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted primarily to our workforce. We exclude stock-based compensation expense because we believe that the non-GAAP financial measures excluding this item provide meaningful supplemental information regarding operational performance. In particular, we note that companies calculate stock-based compensation expense for the variety of award types that they employ using different valuation methodologies and subjective assumptions. These non-cash charges are not factored into our internal evaluation of non-GAAP net income (loss) as we believe their inclusion would hinder our ability to assess core operational performance;

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes a gain (loss) on insurance proceeds because it is not reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such gains and losses vary;

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes any gain or loss on the extinguishment of debt because it is not reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such gains and losses vary;

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes a gain (loss) on the revaluation of warrants because it is not reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and hinders our ability to assess core operational performance;

• adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes goodwill impairment charges as they do not reflect ongoing operating results in the period and hinders our ability to assess core operational performance;

• non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes acquisition-related costs including the amortization of acquired intangible assets (primarily consisting of acquired technology), the impairment of acquired intangible assets (if applicable), as well as third-party transaction costs incurred for legal and other professional services. These costs are not factored into our evaluation of potential acquisitions, or of our performance after completion of the acquisitions because these costs are not related to our core operating performance or reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such costs vary significantly based on the timing and magnitude of our acquisition transactions and the maturities of the businesses being acquired. Although we exclude the amortization of acquired intangible assets from our non-GAAP net income (loss), management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets were recorded as part of purchase accounting and can contribute to revenue generation;

• non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes a gain on the sale and/or license of intellectual property. This gain is not related to our core operating performance or reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such gains are inconsistent;

• non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude non-cash interest expense. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 in fiscal year 2022, we were required to recognize non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of a debt discount associated with our 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes in accordance with the prior authoritative accounting guidance for convertible debt that may be settled in cash. From fiscal year 2022 and onwards, this debt discount accounting requirement was removed, and as a result, non-cash interest expense will no longer be a reconciling item between GAAP and non-GAAP net income (loss);

• non-GAAP net income (loss) includes income tax adjustments. In the first quarter of 2024, we revised our income tax adjustments to reflect the current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) and the effect of non-GAAP adjustments to better align with SEC guidance. For comparative purposes, we have revised the prior year income tax adjustments to reflect current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) and the effect of non-GAAP adjustments. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2024, we revised the first quarter of 2024 income tax adjustment to exclude the establishment of a valuation allowance on the United States federal and state deferred tax assets;

• GAAP and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share includes the dilutive, tax effected cash interest expense associated with our 2025 Notes in periods of net income, as if converted at the beginning of the period; and

• other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA:

Three months ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Net loss

Income tax expense

Interest expense, net

Depreciation and amortization

POP display amortization

Stock-based compensation

(Gain) loss on insurance recovery

(Gain) loss on revaluation of warrants

Restructuring and other costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Net income (loss)

Income tax expense (benefit)

Interest (income) expense, net

Depreciation and amortization

POP display amortization

Stock-based compensation

(Gain) loss on insurance recovery

(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt

(Gain) loss on revaluation of warrants

Goodwill impairment

Restructuring and other costs

Adjusted EBITDA

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income (loss):

Three months ended December 31,

(in thousands, except per share data)

Net loss

Stock-based compensation

Acquisition-related costs

Restructuring and other costs

(Gain) loss on insurance recovery

(Gain) loss on revaluation of warrants

Income tax adjustments

Non-GAAP net loss

GAAP diluted net loss per share

Non-GAAP diluted net loss per share

GAAP and non-GAAP shares for diluted net loss per share

GoPro, Inc.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Net income (loss)

Stock-based compensation

Acquisition-related costs

Restructuring and other costs

Non-cash interest expense

(Gain) loss on sale and/or license of intellectual property

(Gain) loss on insurance recovery

(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt

(Gain) loss on revaluation of warrants

Goodwill impairment

Income tax adjustments (1)

Non-GAAP net income (loss)

GAAP net income (loss) - basic

Add: Interest on convertible notes, tax effected*

GAAP net (income) loss - diluted

Non-GAAP net income (loss) - basic

Add: Interest on convertible notes, tax effected*

Non-GAAP net income (loss) - diluted

GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share

Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share

GAAP shares for basic net income (loss) per share

Add: Effect of dilutive securities

GAAP shares for diluted net income (loss) per share

Add: Effect of non-GAAP dilutive securities

Non-GAAP shares for diluted net income (loss) per share

* Reflects the use of the if-converted method for our convertible notes, effective January 1, 2022 due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06.

(1)     In the first quarter of 2024, we revised the non-GAAP income tax adjustments to reflect current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) and the effect of non-GAAP adjustments to better align with SEC guidance. For comparative purposes, we have revised our prior period income tax adjustments to reflect current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) and the effect of non-GAAP adjustments. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2024, we revised the first quarter of 2024 income tax adjustment to exclude the establishment of a valuation allowance on United States federal and state deferred tax assets.