insiderdeltaSEC filings, surfaced and scored

CoverageForm 410-K10-Q8-K13D13G13F

Gannett Co., Inc.

GCICIK 0001579684 · Every Form 4 filed by insiders at this issuer. See financials →

Annual report (10-K)

Latest 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026. Sentiment + YoY language diff vs prior year. Read sections →

Signal:Neutral

Risk Factors:tone -0.0341Δ-0.001486% similar+293/-358 ¶

MD&A:tone -0.0171Δ-0.002684% similar+1029/-1321 ¶

Sentiment via Loughran-McDonald lexicon · YoY diff via Jaccard similarity + paragraph set difference.

Recent 8-K announcements

Per-item disclosure feed. Item 2.02 is the earnings release.

Jun 1, 20265.07 · Submission May 12, 2026no items parsed Apr 30, 2026no items parsed Feb 26, 2026no items parsed Nov 18, 2025no items parsed

YoY shift: Lean -

Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.20pp more bearish than last year's.

Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.

Tone shift by section

The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.

Risk Factors

-0.14pp

Flat

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

MD&A

-0.26pp

Flat

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

Per-snippet highlights

Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.

Top insiders

Most active reporters at Gannett Co., Inc.

Name	Roles	Filings
Louis John Jeffry	Director	21
Horne Douglas Edward	Officer	14
Reed Michael	OfficerDirector	12
Reinhard Amy	Director	8
Tarica Laurence	Director	7

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94 Form 4 / 4-A filings, newest first

Filed	Insider	Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value
Apr 1, 2026	Louis John Jeffry Director	AGrant	4,255	$0.00	$0

Filed		Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the following risks and other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in evaluating

us and our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"). Any of the following risks could materially and

adversely affect our results of operations, our financial condition, and the market price of our Common Stock. Although the risk

factors are grouped by general category, many of the risks described in a given category relate to multiple categories.

Risk Factor Summary

The following is a summary of some of the risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business,

financial condition, and results of operations, which are discussed in more detail below:

• We operate in a highly competitive business environment, and our success depends on our ability to compete effectively,

including through the implementation of our strategic initiatives and development of new and enhanced products and

services.

• Our indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business or financial condition.

• Certain actions, including our ability to incur additional indebtedness, require the consent of our lenders and note holders

which, if not provided, would limit our ability to take advantage of future opportunities.

• The majority of our indebtedness is held by one creditor, who may have interests that diverge from our interests and the

interests of our stockholders.

• If we are unable to raise funds necessary to repurchase the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes upon a fundamental change as

described in the 2027 Notes Indenture and the 2031 Notes Indenture, there may be defaults under such indentures and

under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness. In addition, a change of control may constitute a default

under the 2029 Term Loan Facility, the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes.

• We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to execute our digital revenue strategy and optimize our revenue streams.

• Our LocaliQ segment utilizes online media acquired from third parties and our business could be materially adversely

affected if these companies take actions that are adverse to our interests or otherwise restrict our ability to do business.

• Any required changes in practices and techniques to enhance the customer experience, including for enhanced data privacy,

could materially and adversely impact our advertising revenues and business results, and impair our ability to acquire

consumers efficiently.

• Volatility in the U.S. and global economies, macroeconomic events, market disruptions, changes in the U.S. or

international political environment, and other events outside of our control, have had, and may in the future have, a

material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

• Our ability to generate revenues is highly sensitive to the strength of the local economies in which we operate and the

demographics of the local communities that we serve.

• The collectability of accounts receivable under adverse economic conditions could deteriorate to a greater extent than

provided for in our financial statements and in our projections of future results.

• If our reputation or brand is damaged, our ability to grow our user base, advertiser relationships, and partnerships may be

impaired, and our business may be harmed.

• Our financial results are subject to risks associated with our international operations.

• Foreign exchange variability could materially and adversely affect our consolidated operating results.

• Our possession and use of personal information and the use of payment cards by our customers and users present risks and

expenses that could harm our business. Unauthorized access to or disclosure or manipulation of such data, whether through

breach of our, or our third-party service providers', network security or otherwise, could expose us to liabilities and costly

litigation and damage our reputation.

• We regularly face risks related to cybersecurity incidents and threats, including attempts by malicious actors, which may be

external or internal threat actors, to breach our security and compromise our information technology systems.

• Privacy and security-related laws and other data security requirements are constantly evolving and may increase our

compliance costs and potential for liability, either of which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition,

and results of operations.

• We use AI and may use other new technologies in our business. Challenges with our ability to effectively manage, govern,

and scale their adoption and use may affect our competitive position, reputation, and could adversely affect our results of

operations.

• Defects, delays, or interruptions in the cloud-based hosting services we utilize, both directly and indirectly, could adversely

affect our systems, reputation and operating results.

• Our business is dependent on third-party technology platforms, search results, and algorithms to distribute our content, and

changes to these platforms, including the increased use of AI tools, could materially adversely affect our traffic,

engagement, and financial performance.

• Any significant increase in newsprint costs or disruptions in our newsprint supply chain , or the unavailability of the

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materials needed for printing , may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial

condition.

• The value of our goodwill and intangible assets may become impaired, which could materially and adversely affect future

reported results of operations.

• We could be subject to additional tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

• We may not be able to protect intellectual property rights upon which our business relies and, if we lose intellectual

property protection, our assets may lose value.

• We are subject to environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations that could cause us to incur

significant compliance expenditures and liabilities.

• We are required to use a portion of our cash flows to make contributions to our pension and postretirement plans, which

diverts cash flow from operations, and the amount of required future contributions may be difficult to estimate.

• The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, reduced staffing levels, or our inability to attract or retain skilled or

experienced personnel in the future may materially and adversely affect our ability to operate or grow our business

effectively.

• We rely on equity-based compensation to attract, retain, and motivate our key employees, which may result in price

pressures on our Common Stock, stockholder dilution and increased usage of shares under our equity incentive plan during

periods in which our stock price is depressed. Our ability to continue a competitive long-term equity-based incentive

program required to attract and retain talent may be hindered, and alternative incentive models may cause our cash flows to

be reduced.

• A number of our employees are unionized, and our business and results of operations could be materially adversely

affected if current or additional labor negotiations or contracts were to further restrict our ability to maximize the efficiency

of our operations.

• FIG LLC (the " Former Manager " ) is not liable to us for certain acts or omissions performed in accordance with, and prior

to the termination of, our former management agreement (the " Former Management Agreement ") , and for certain matters

in connection with the termination of our relationship with the Former Manager, and we may incur liability for such acts or

omissions.

• Our stock price is subject to volatility and there can be no assurance that the market for our stock will provide adequate

liquidity.

• Sales or issuances of shares of our Common Stock, including upon conversion of the 2027 Notes and/or the 2031 Notes,

could materially adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

• We presently have no intention to declare or pay a dividend, the terms of our indebtedness restrict our ability to pay

dividends, and we may not be able to pay dividends in the future or at all.

• The percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be diluted in the future, including upon conversion of the 2027

Notes and/or the 2031 Notes, and holders of the 2031 Notes may possess significant voting power following conversion of

the 2031 Notes.

• Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and of Delaware law

may prevent or delay an acquisition of the Company, which could decrease the trading price of our Common Stock.

• Our ability to compete may be materially and adversely affected if adequate capital is not available. In addition, future

offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our Common Stock upon our liquidation, and future offerings of

equity securities, which may be senior to our Common Stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions,

may be dilutive and materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Risks Related to Competition

We operate in a highly competitive business environment, and our success depends on our ability to compete effectively,

including through the implementation of our strategic initiatives and development of new and enhanced products and

services .

We face significant competition from other providers of news, information, and entertainment services, including both

traditional and other providers, some of which provide their products free of charge. This competition continues to intensify as

a result of changes in technologies, platforms and business models and corresponding changes in consumer and customer

behavior, and we may be adversely affected if consumers or customers migrate to other alternatives. In addition, to be

successful, we must provide the type and quality of content our consumers desire. The number of choices available to

consumers for content consumption has increased and may adversely impact demand for, and the price consumers are willing to

pay for our products and services. Consumption of our content on third-party delivery platforms may also lead to loss of

distribution and pricing control, loss of a direct relationship with consumers and lower engagement and subscription rates.

Further, news and subscription fatigue among consumers has become more widespread and could continue to grow. These

trends and developments have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our circulation and subscription

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revenue and advertisers' willingness to purchase advertising from us, as well as increase subscriber acquisition, retention, and

other costs.

Technological developments have in some cases also increased competition by lowering barriers to entry. Other digital

platforms and technologies, such as user-generated content platforms and self-publishing tools, have reduced the effort and

expense of producing and distributing certain types of content on a wide scale, allowing digital-only content providers,

customers, suppliers and other third parties to compete with us, often at a lower cost. Additional digital distribution channels,

such as digital marketplaces, have presented, and may continue to present, challenges to our business models, which could

adversely affect our sales volume and pricing.

In addition, the competitive landscape may shift if other industry players adopt AI more swiftly. The use of AI may also

affect the discoverability and presentation of our content and consequently our ability to monetize our digital audiences.

Furthermore, ethical concerns and public sentiment regarding AI could have reputational implications. See also the risk factor

below under the heading "We use AI and may use other new technologies in our business. Challenges with properly managing

their use by us or third parties could result in reputational harm, competitive harm, and legal liability, and adversely affect our

results of operations."

In order to compete effectively, we must differentiate and distinguish our brands and our products and services, respond to

and develop new technologies, distribution channels and platforms, products and services, and anticipate and consistently

respond to changes in consumer and customer needs, preferences and behaviors. For example, we rely on brand awareness,

reputation and acceptance of our content and other products and services in order to retain and grow our consumers and

subscribers. However, consumer preferences change frequently and are difficult to predict, and when faced with a multitude of

choices, consumers may place greater value on the convenience and price of products and services than they do on their source,

quality, or reliability. Online traffic and product and service purchases are also driven by internet search results, referrals from

social media and other platforms and visibility on digital marketplace platforms and in mobile app stores. Search engine results

and digital marketplace and mobile app store rankings are based on algorithms that are changed frequently, and social media

and other platforms may also vary their emphasis on what content to highlight for users. Use of AI tools by consumers could

result in decreased viewership and engagement with our media content and impact the monetization of our content .

Unauthorized use of our content for generative AI or to train AI models could reduce our ability to control how our content is

used or presented, diminish brand attribution, and decrease the commercial value of our intellectual property. Any failure to

successfully manage and adapt to these changes across our businesses, including those affecting how our content, apps,

products, and services are discovered, prioritized, displayed, and monetized, could impede our ability to compete effectively by

significantly decreasing traffic to our offerings, lowering advertiser interest in those offerings, increasing costs if free traffic is

replaced with paid traffic and lowering advertising revenue and subscriptions. A loss in the expected popularity or

discoverability of our content or other products and services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial

condition, or results of operations.

We expect to continue to pursue new strategic initiatives and develop new and enhanced products and services in order to

remain competitive. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs in order to implement our strategies

and develop new products and services, as well as other costs to acquire, develop, adopt, upgrade and exploit new and existing

technologies and attract and retain employees with the necessary knowledge and skills to support our priorities. There can be no

assurance that any of our strategic initiatives, products or services will be successful in the manner or time period or at the cost

we expect or that we will realize the anticipated benefits we expect to achieve. The failure to realize those benefits could have a

material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Some of our current and potential competitors may have fewer regulatory burdens, better competitive positions in certain

areas, greater access to sources of content, data, technology or other services or strategic relationships or easier access to

financing, which may allow them to respond more effectively to changes in technology, consumer and customer needs,

preferences and behavior and market conditions. Continued consolidation among competitors in certain industries in which we

operate may increase these advantages, including through greater scale, financial leverage, or access to content, data,

technology and other offerings. If we are unable to compete successfully against existing or future competitors, our business,

results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business or financial condition.

Our indebtedness, incurred from time to time, could have significant consequences on our future operations, including

making it more difficult for us to satisfy our debt obligations and our other ongoing business obligations, which may result in

defaults, and limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the

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industries in which we operate, and the overall economy. As of December 31, 2025 , our outstanding indebtedness included (i)

$729.5 million of term loans under a $900.0 million five-year first lien term loan facility (the "2029 Term Loan Facility"), (ii)

$24.1 million of 6.000% Senior Secured Convertible Notes due 2027 ("2027 Notes"), and (iii) $223.7 million of 6.000% Senior

Secured Convertible Notes due 2031 ("2031 Notes").

All obligations under the 2029 Term Loan Facility, the 2027 Notes and the 2031 Notes are secured by all or substantially

all of our assets and all or substantially all of the assets of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. We may incur additional

indebtedness in the future.

The 2029 Term Loan Facility matures on October 15, 2029 , and bears interest, at Gannett Holdings LLC's option, at either

the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") (which shall not be less than 1.50% per

annum) plus a margin equal to 5.00% per annum or an alternate base rate (which shall not be less than 2.50% per annum) plus a

margin equal to 4.00% per annum. The 2027 Notes and the 2031 Notes each bear interest at a rate of 6.00% per annum.

Accordingly, we are required to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to fund interest payments. The 2029

Term Loan Facility is amortized at a rate of $17.3 million per quarter. In addition, we are required to repay the 2029 Term Loan

Facility from time to time with (i) the proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events, (ii)

the proceeds of indebtedness that is not otherwise permitted under the 2029 Term Loan Facility and (iii) the aggregate amount

of cash and cash equivalents on hand at the Company and our restricted subsidiaries in excess of $100.0 million as of the last

day of any fiscal year of the Company (beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024). Our debt service obligations

reduce the amount of cash flow available to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, investments and potential

distributions to stockholders. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy

our debt service obligations. Our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations depends on our ability to generate cash flow from

operations, which is subject to a variety of risks, including general economic conditions and the strength of our competitors,

which are outside our control. Refer to Note 9 — Debt and Note 16 — Subsequent events in the notes to the Consolidated

financial statements for additional discussion regarding our debt.

The terms of our indebtedness impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. The 2029 Term Loan Facility

and the 2031 Notes require us to comply with numerous affirmative and negative covenants, including a requirement to

maintain minimum liquidity of $30.0 million at the end of each fiscal quarter, and restrictions limiting our ability to, among

other things, incur additional indebtedness, make investments and acquisitions, pay certain dividends, sell assets, merge, incur

certain liens, enter into agreements with our affiliates, change our business, engage in sale/leaseback transactions, and modify

our organizational documents. These requirements may make it impractical to declare and pay dividends at any time that the

requirements are in effect. See also "Risks Related to our Common Stock" below.

A failure to satisfy our debt service obligations on the 2029 Term Loan Facility, a breach of a covenant in the 2029 Term

Loan Facility, or a material breach of a representation or warranty in the 2029 Term Loan Facility, among other events

specified in the 2029 Term Loan Facility, could give rise to a default, which could give our lenders the right to declare our

indebtedness, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. A failure to satisfy our debt

service or conversion obligations on the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes, among other events specified in the indenture governing

the 2027 Notes (the "2027 Notes Indenture") or the indenture governing the 2031 Notes (the "2031 Notes Indenture"), could

also give rise to a default, which could give rise to the right of noteholders to declare the principal of the 2027 Notes and/or the

2031 Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be immediately due and payable. A default under the 2029 Term Loan

Facility or any of our indentures could also lead to a default under the other agreements governing our existing or future

indebtedness (including the 2029 Term Loan Facility or any of our indentures, as the case may be). An acceleration of our

indebtedness would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and

stock price.

Certain actions, including our ability to incur additional indebtedness, require the consent of our lenders and note

holders which, if not provided, would limit our ability to take advantage of future opportunities.

Our agreements relating to our indebtedness, including the 2029 Term Loan Facility and the 2031 Notes, contain

restrictions and covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions without requisite lender approval, approval of the holders

of a majority in principal amount of the 2031 Notes then outstanding, or modification of the loan agreements, as applicable.

These limitations include restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness or refinance our existing debt, make certain

investments and acquisitions, pay certain dividends, sell assets, merge, incur certain liens, enter into agreements with our

affiliates, change our business, engage in sale/leaseback transactions, and modify our organizational documents. There is no

assurance that our debtholders will approve or consent to our activities, even if the activities are in the best interests of our

stockholders. If we are unable to secure the required consent of our lenders or noteholders, our ability to take advantage of

future opportunities, including acquisition or financing opportunities, could be restricted.

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The majority of our indebtedness is held by one creditor, who may have interests that diverge from our interests and the

interests of our stockholders.

A majority of our outstanding indebtedness is held by entities controlled, managed or advised by a large financial sponsor.

We have historically relied on this financial sponsor with respect to a significant portion of our financing and credit needs. In

the event that this sponsor is unable or unwilling to extend us credit, we may not be able to obtain financing on terms as

favorable to us as those under current arrangements. As a result, we may face less available capital and be subject to more

stringent covenants and higher borrowing costs.

Additionally, this creditor may have interests that diverge from our interests or interests of our stockholders, and it may

exercise its rights as a creditor in a manner with which our stockholders may not agree or that may not be in the best interests of

the Company. In particular, this creditor’s ownership of the majority of our indebtedness could limit our ability to take certain

actions that are restricted under the agreements relating to our indebtedness. See "Risks Related to Our Indebtedness—Certain

actions, including our ability to incur additional indebtedness, require the consent of our lenders and note holders which, if not

provided, would limit our ability to take advantage of future opportunities."

To our knowledge, this creditor owns a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2031 Notes. In the event

that this creditor converts their 2031 Notes into Common Stock, they could possess significant voting power with respect to our

Common Stock and may have interests that are different from, or adverse to, the interests of our other stockholders. See "Risks

Related to Our Common Stock—The percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be diluted in the future, including

upon conversion of the 2027 Notes and/or the 2031 Notes, and holders of the 2031 Notes may possess significant voting power

following conversion of the 2031 Notes."

If we are unable to raise funds necessary to repurchase the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes upon a fundamental change

as described in the 2027 Notes Indenture and the 2031 Notes Indenture, there may be defaults under such indentures and

under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness. In addition, a change of control may constitute a default

under the 2029 Term Loan Facility, the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes .

If there is a fundamental change, as defined in the 2027 Notes Indenture and the 2031 Notes Indenture, we must, if certain

other conditions are met, make an offer to repurchase the 2027 Notes and the 2031 Notes at a price equal to 110% of the

principal amount thereof, together with any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of the repurchase. If

we become obligated to repurchase the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes upon a change of control, we may not have enough

available cash or may be unable to obtain financing at the time we are required to make purchases of the 2027 Notes or 2031

Notes being surrendered. In addition, our ability to repurchase the 2027 Notes and the 2031 Notes is limited by the agreements

governing our existing indebtedness (including the 2031 Notes and the 2029 Term Loan Facility) and may also be limited by

law or regulation, or by agreements that will govern our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the 2027 Notes or the

2031 Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the 2027 Notes Indenture or the 2031 Notes Indenture, respectively,

would constitute a default under the respective indenture. A default under the governing indenture or the change of control itself

could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness (including the 2029 Term Loan

Facility).

The 2029 Term Loan Facility provides, and future credit agreements or other agreements relating to indebtedness to which

we become a party may provide, that the occurrence of certain change of control events with respect to us would constitute a

default thereunder. If we experience a change of control event that triggers a default under our 2029 Term Loan Facility, we

may seek a waiver of such default or may attempt to refinance the 2029 Term Loan Facility. In the event we do not obtain such

a waiver or refinance the 2029 Term Loan Facility, such default could result in amounts outstanding under our 2029 Term Loan

Facility being declared due and payable.

The 2029 Term Loan Facility and the 2031 Notes contain, and future indebtedness that we may incur may contain,

prohibitions on the occurrence of certain events that would constitute a change of control or, in the case of the 2027 Notes and

the 2031 Notes, require the repurchase of such indebtedness upon a change of control. Moreover, the exercise by the holders of

their right to require us to repurchase their 2027 Notes or 2031 Notes could cause a default under such indebtedness, even if the

change of control itself does not, due to the financial effect of such repurchase on us. Finally, the ability to pay cash to the

holders of the 2027 Notes and/or the 2031 Notes following the occurrence of a change of control may be limited by our then

existing financial resources. There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any

required repurchases. In addition, the foregoing provisions of our existing and possible indebtedness may prevent or impede a

potential acquirer from engaging in a change of control transaction with us and, accordingly, our stockholders from receiving a

change of control premium.

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Risks Related to Digital Commerce and Media

We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to execute our digital revenue strategy and optimize our revenue streams.

Print-related revenue streams have continued to decline at a significant pace. We have focused on offsetting traditional

print advertising and circulation revenue declines in part by diversifying our sources of revenue through the development and

acquisition of complementary businesses with growth potential. For example, our business USA TODAY NETWORK

Ventures produces local events.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to grow revenue from these or other complementary businesses we may

develop internally or acquire, or that any revenue generated by new business lines will be adequate to offset revenue declines

from our legacy businesses. For example, technological developments could adversely affect the availability, applicability,

marketability and profitability of the suite of SMB services we offer. Technological developments and any changes we make to

our business strategy may require significant capital investments, and such investments may be restricted by the 2029 Term

Loan Facility.

These complementary businesses also face competition from various digital media providers, such as Google, which may

have more resources to invest in product development and marketing. Our sales force may not be able to utilize the

relationships we have throughout our local property network to effectively sell these products. If we are unable to diversify our

traditional revenues with revenues from complementary businesses, we may experience persistent declines in revenue which

could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our LocaliQ segment utilizes online media acquired from third parties and our business could be materially adversely

affected if these companies take actions that are adverse to our interests or otherwise restrict our ability to do business.

Our LocaliQ segment utilizes online media acquired from third parties, particularly Google, Facebook, and Microsoft,

which account for a large majority of all U.S. internet searches and traffic. These companies, and the other companies with

which we do business, have no obligation to conduct business with us, and may decide at any time and for any reason to

significantly curtail or inhibit our ability to do business with them. Additionally, any of these companies may make significant

changes to their respective business models, policies, systems, plans or ownership, and those changes could impair or inhibit the

manner in which they sell their advertising units or otherwise conduct their business with us. For example, new privacy controls

and tracking transparency frameworks that have been implemented or may be implemented in the future, by platforms such as

Facebook, Google, and Apple would limit our ability to access and use data from consumers through those platforms, which we

rely on for digital advertising and marketing. Any such controls or transparency frameworks may impair our ability to market to

consumers. Any new developments or rumors of developments regarding business practices at companies that affect the online

advertising industry may materially and adversely affect our products or services, or create perceptions with our clients that our

ability to compete in the online marketing industry has been impaired.

Any required changes in practices and techniques to enhance the customer experience, including for enhanced data

privacy, could materially and adversely impact our advertising revenues and business results, and impair our ability to

acquire consumers efficiently.

We use certain practices and techniques, such as utilizing third-party cookies, to enhance our customer’s online experience

by allowing us to customize and display relevant content and advertising. As a response to growing concern over data privacy,

third parties, including major browsers, are increasing user agency and increasing privacy controls. The industry-wide shift

towards increased user privacy presents a challenge as the advertising industry has yet to find a universally accepted solution to

address the impact on targeted advertising. If we are unable to find alternative strategies to address data privacy changes, our

ability to provide certain types of advertising may be compromised or may result in lower rates and revenues, and our business

results could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, privacy controls may result in difficulties delivering relevant

audience targeting and our customer acquisition strategies may become less efficient.

Risks Related to Macroeconomic Factors

Volatility in the U.S. and global economies, macroeconomic events, market disruptions, changes in the U.S. or

international political environment, and other events outside of our control, have had, and may in the future have, a

material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations .

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Current and future conditions in the economy are inherently uncertain and are impacted by political, market, health and

social events and conditions. As a result, it is difficult to estimate the level of growth or contraction for the economy as a whole.

It is even more difficult to estimate growth or contraction in various parts, sectors and regions of the economy, including the

markets in which we participate. We are currently operating in, and expect for the foreseeable future to continue to operate in, a

period of economic uncertainty and market volatility, including as a result of higher inflation, unpredictable interest rates,

supply chain disruptions, expanded or retaliatory tariffs, sanctions, quotas or other trade barriers (including tariffs imposed or

threatened to be imposed by the U.S. and any retaliatory actions taken by countries facing such tariffs), fluctuating foreign

currency exchange rates, changes in governmental administrations and policies, and other geopolitical events. These conditions

have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business, including the demand for advertising and advertising

revenues.

Advertisers have responded, and may in the future respond, to such economic uncertainty by reducing their budgets or

shifting priorities or spending patterns, which has had and could have a material adverse impact on our business. Continued

declines in market spend or advertisers' changing priorities in response to any further economic slowdown or decline could have

a material adverse impact on our business.

Challenging economic conditions, especially higher inflation and unpredictable interest rates, have had, and may continue

to have, an adverse impact on our consumers and consumer spending, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our

business. Discretionary purchases, including for our products and services, generally decline during periods of economic

uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence.

Higher interest rates, which may continue to fluctuate, could result in increased borrowing costs which may negatively

affect our operating results. We are exposed to potential increases in interest rates associated with our 2029 Term Loan Facility.

Further, if the equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain

in a timely manner, if at all, or on favorable terms, as well as more costly or dilutive. Further, rising interest rates may

negatively impact our ability to sell or dispose of our real estate and other assets which in turn may impact our ability to repay

debt.

Our operations in foreign jurisdictions have also been and may be affected by volatile markets, uncertain economies,

tariffs, and geopolitical and local events. We have been and will continue to be impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency

exchange rates, primarily related to our operations in the U.K.

We have been, and may continue to be, impacted by inflation, higher costs associated with labor, newsprint, ink, printing

plates, fuel, delivery costs and utilities, unpredictable interest rates, and supply chain disruptions, including as a result of tariffs

or retaliatory tariffs. Global or regional recessions, perceived or actual, higher unemployment and declines in income levels

may also materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Adverse changes may also occur as a result of other events outside of our control, including pandemics and other health

crises, political uncertainties, hostilities or social unrest, actual or threatened war, terrorism or other similar events, declining oil

prices, wavering customer confidence, volatility in stock markets, contraction of credit availability, declines in real estate

values, natural disasters, severe weather events (which may occur with increasing frequency and intensity), or other factors

affecting economic conditions in general. These changes may negatively affect the sales of our products, increase exposure to

losses from bad debts, increase the cost and decrease the availability of financing, or increase costs associated with publishing

and distributing our publications. Declining revenue may impair our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to service our

existing or any future debt obligations, including the 2029 Term Loan Facility, the 2031 Notes and the 2027 Notes. There can

be no assurance that cost constraint actions, if any, taken in response to any future crisis outside our control, will offset possible

future impacts of the crisis. Any measures taken to preserve cash flow and defer payments into future periods, such as the

deferral of pension obligations, could have a greater impact on cash flow in future periods as we also incur such payments in

the normal course of business. Moreover, such measures, and other measures we may implement in the future in response to a

crisis, may negatively impact our reputation and our ability to attract and retain employees. See "Risks Related to Pension

Obligations and Employees" below. Accordingly, future events outside of our control may have the effect of heightening

various risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC . Any sustained economic

downturn in the U.S. or any of the other countries in which we conduct significant business, other adverse macroeconomic

events, market disruptions, or other events outside of our control, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating

results, and financial condition.

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Our ability to generate revenues is highly sensitive to the strength of the local economies in which we operate and the

demographics of the local communities that we serve.

Our advertising revenues and, to a lesser extent, circulation revenues, depend upon a variety of factors specific to the

communities that our publications serve. These factors include, among others, the size and demographic characteristics of the

local population, local economic conditions in general and the economic condition of the retail segments of the communities

that our publications serve. Our local operations and the economies we serve are also susceptible to events outside of our

control, which can materially and adversely impact our revenues. For instance, weather-related events such as hurricanes or

other natural disasters can disrupt local businesses, reduce consumer activity, and displace populations, leading to a decline in

advertising and circulation revenues. These events can also cause temporary or long-term business closures in affected areas.

If the local economy, population or prevailing retail environment of a community we serve experiences a downturn, our

publications, revenues and profitability in that market could be materially and adversely affected. Our advertising revenues are

also susceptible to negative trends in the general economy that affect customer spending and is impacted by other external

factors such as competitors' pricing, and advertisers' decisions to increase or decrease their advertising expenditures in response

to anticipated consumer demand. The advertisers in our newspapers and other publications and related websites are primarily

retail businesses that can be significantly affected by regional or national economic downturns and other developments. For

example, many traditional retail companies continue to face greater competition from online retailers and face uncertainty in

their businesses, which has reduced and may continue to reduce their advertising spending. Declines in the U.S. economy could

also significantly affect key advertising revenue categories, including classified ads such as help wanted, real estate, and

automotive.

The collectability of accounts receivable under adverse economic conditions could deteriorate to a greater extent than

provided for in our financial statements and in our projections of future results.

Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and in other areas where we operate may increase our exposure to losses resulting

from financial distress, insolvency and the potential bankruptcy of our advertising customers. Our accounts receivable is stated

at net estimated realizable value, and our allowance for credit losses represents our best estimate of credit exposure and is

determined based on several factors, including the length of time the receivables are past due, historical payment trends and

current economic factors. If such collectability estimates prove inaccurate, adjustments to future operating results could occur.

If our reputation or brand is damaged, our ability to grow our user base, advertiser relationships, and partnerships may

be impaired, and our business may be harmed.

We have developed trusted brands comprised of our national publication, USA TODAY, and local media organizations

that provide audiences with essential journalism. We believe our reputation and the trust we have built with our audiences have

contributed to our success. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand and reputation is critical to growing our

user base, advertiser relationships, and partnerships. Maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand depends on many

factors, including factors that are beyond our control. If our products and services do not work as intended, are utilized in

methods not intended, violate the law, or harm individuals or businesses, we may be subject to government investigations,

enforcement actions, lawsuits, or other legal claims. These risks, if realized, may increase our costs, damage our reputation, or

adversely affect our results of operations. Further, changes in government policies, legislation, and scrutiny may result in

heightened compliance requirements and greater risks of litigation and reputational harm. In addition, defending a lawsuit,

regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management's attention and if our business liability insurance coverage is

inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our financial condition could be harmed. If we fail to

successfully promote and maintain our trusted brand or if we suffer damage to the public perception of our brand, our business,

operating results, and financial condition may be harmed.

Risks Related to International Operations

Our financial results are subject to risks associated with our international operations.

The Newsquest segment operates in the U.K., and the LocaliQ segment has international sales operations in the U.K.,

Australia, New Zealand and Canada, as well as campaign support services in India. Revenue from international operations

comprised 12% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 . Our ability to manage these international

operations successfully is subject to numerous risks inherent in foreign operations, including:

• Challenges or uncertainties arising from unexpected legal, political, economic, or systemic events;

• Difficulties or delays in developing a network of clients in international markets;

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• Restrictions on the ability of U.S. companies to do business in certain foreign countries;

• Compliance with legal or regulatory requirements, including with respect to internet services, privacy and data

protection, censorship, banking and money transfers, and sale transactions, which may limit or prevent the offering of

our products in some jurisdictions or otherwise harm our business;

• International intellectual property laws that may be insufficient to protect our intellectual property or permit us to

successfully defend our intellectual property in international lawsuits;

• Difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, as well as the existence of workers' councils and labor unions,

which could make it more difficult to terminate underperforming employees;

• Currency fluctuations and price controls or other restrictions on foreign currency; and

• Potential adverse tax and legislation consequences, including difficulties in repatriating earnings generated abroad.

Any of the foregoing factors could materially and adversely impact our international operations, which could harm our

overall business, operating results, and financial condition.

Foreign exchange variability could materially and adversely affect our consolidated operating results.

Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars; however, certain of our operations are conducted in currencies

other than our reporting currency because we conduct operations in foreign jurisdictions. For example, Newsquest operates in

the U.K., and its operations are conducted in foreign currency, primarily the British pound sterling. Weakening in the British

pound sterling to U.S. dollar exchange rate has in the past, and could in the future, diminish Newsquest's contributions to our

results of operations. If the value of currency in any of the jurisdictions where we conduct business weakens as compared with

the U.S. dollar, our operations in those jurisdictions similarly will contribute less to our results. Since our financial statements

are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have

had, and will continue to have, a currency translation impact on our earnings when the results of those operations that are

reported in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements, which

could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations in a given period or in specific markets.

Risks Related to Personal Information, Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence, and Other Technology

Our possession and use of personal information and the use of payment cards by our customers and users present risks

and expenses that could harm our business. Unauthorized access to or disclosure or manipulation of such data, whether

through breach of our, or our third-party service providers ' , network security or otherwise, could expose us to liabilities and

costly litigation and damage our reputation.

Our information systems, both online and on-premise, store and process large amounts of confidential employee data and

data of our subscribers , business customers, prospects, visitors to our websites, attendees at our events and other users , such as

names, email addresses, phone numbers, addresses, and other personal information. Therefore, maintaining our network and

identity security is critical.

In addition, we rely on the technology, systems, and services provided by third-party vendors and outsourced service

providers (including cloud-based service providers) to process the personal information of our employees and users, and for a

variety of other operations, including encryption and authentication technology, employee email, domain name registration,

content delivery to customers, administrative functions (including payroll processing and certain finance and accounting

functions), technology functions (including application development and technology support functions) and other operations.

Accordingly, we depend on the security of our third-party service providers and business partners to protect these functions and

associated data. Unauthorized use of or inappropriate access to our, or our third-party service providers' or business partners'

networks, computer systems and services could potentially jeopardize the security of personal information or other confidential

information of our employees, customers or users, including payment card (credit or debit) information.

A significant number of our customers authorize us to bill their payment card accounts directly for all amounts charged by

us. These customers provide payment card information and other personally identifiable information which, depending on the

particular payment plan, may be maintained to facilitate future payment card transactions. Under payment card rules and our

contracts with our card processors, if there is a breach of payment card information that we store, we could be liable to the

banks that issue the payment cards for their related expenses and penalties. In addition, if we fail to follow payment card

industry data security standards, even if there is no compromise of customer information, we could incur significant fines or

lose our ability to give our customers the option of using payment cards. If we were unable to accept payment cards, our

business would be seriously harmed.

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We regularly face risks related to cybersecurity incidents and threats, including attempts by malicious actors, which may

be external or internal threat actors, to breach our security and compromise our information technology systems .

In addition to the risks related to personal information discussed above, because we are a news reporting organization,

cybersecurity risks also include attempts by attackers to manipulate or misrepresent our news reporting. Attackers may use a

blend of technology and social engineering techniques (including denial of service attacks, phishing attempts intended to induce

our employees and users to disclose information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data, and other techniques) to

disrupt service or exfiltrate data. Cybersecurity incidents and threats are constantly evolving, increasing the difficulty of

detecting and successfully defending against them. We and the third parties with which we work may be more vulnerable to the

risk from activities of this nature as a result of operational changes such as significant increases in remote work. To date, no

cybersecurity incidents or threats have had, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business,

financial condition, or results of operations.

Our systems, and those of the third parties with which we work and on which we rely, also may be vulnerable to

interruption or damage that can result from the effects of natural disasters or climate change (such as increased storm severity

and flooding); fires; power, systems or internet outages; acts of terrorism; pandemics; or other similar events.

Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change

frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we or our third-party service providers or business

partners may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Non-technical means,

such as actions or omissions by an employee or contractor, can also result in a data breach or other cybersecurity incident. A

party that is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate our proprietary information or the information of

our employees, vendors, business partners, customers or users, cause interruption in our operations, or damage our computers or

those of our employees, vendors, business partners, customers or users. As a result of any such breaches or incidents, our

employees, vendors, business partners, customers, users or other third parties may assert claims of liability against us and these

activities may subject us to governmental fines or penalties, legal claims, adversely impact our reputation, and interfere with our

ability to provide our products and services, all of which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and

results of operations. The coverage and limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused

by security breaches or other cybersecurity incidents.

We have implemented controls and taken other preventative measures designed to strengthen our systems against such

cybersecurity incidents and threats, including measures designed to reduce the impact of a security breach at our third-party

vendors and outsourced service providers. Efforts to prevent hackers from disrupting our service or otherwise accessing our

systems are expensive to develop, implement and maintain. These efforts require ongoing monitoring and updating as

technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated and may limit the functionality of or

otherwise negatively impact our products, services, and systems. Although the costs of the controls and other measures we have

taken to date have not had a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, the costs and effort to

respond to a cybersecurity incident or threat and/or to mitigate any security vulnerabilities that may be identified in the future

could be significant.

There can be no assurance that any security measures we, or our third-party service providers, take will be effective in

preventing a cybersecurity incident that could have a material impact on us. We may need to expend significant resources to

protect against security incidents or to address problems caused by such incidents. If an actual or perceived incident or breach

of our security occurs, the perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose

customers or users. In addition, if hackers manipulate or misrepresent our news reporting, our reputation could be harmed.

Failure to protect confidential customer data or to provide customers with adequate notice of our privacy policies could also

subject us to liabilities imposed by international or United States federal and state regulatory agencies or courts. We could also

be subject to evolving international, federal and state laws that impose data breach notification requirements, specific data

security obligations, or other customer privacy-related requirements. Our failure to comply with any of these laws or

regulations may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Privacy and security-related laws and other data security requirements are constantly evolving and may increase our

compliance costs and potential for liability, either of which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition,

and results of operations.

Many jurisdictions have enacted or are considering enacting privacy or data protection laws and regulations that apply to

the processing or protection of personal information. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation adopted by the EU

and the Data Protection Act of 2018 in the U.K. impose stringent data protection requirements and significant penalties for

noncompliance; California's Consumer Privacy Act created data privacy rights, which other states have implemented as well. A

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large and increasing portion of the U.S. population is covered by state comprehensive privacy laws which include the ability for

users to opt-out of cookies. These privacy laws, opt-out mechanisms and general privacy awareness by consumers may limit

our access to user data, reducing advertising personalization and digital advertising revenue. See "Risks Related to Digital

Commerce and Media — Any required changes in practices and techniques to enhance the customer experience, including for

enhanced data privacy, could materially and adversely impact our advertising revenues and business results, and impair our

ability to acquire consumers efficiently." These laws and regulations may impose disclosure requirements, notice and consent

requirements and specific data security obligations, and may also provide for a private right of action or statutory damages. In

addition, all 50 U.S. states have data breach notification laws. The compliance costs and operational burdens imposed by these

laws and regulations could be significant. Failure to protect confidential personal data, provide individuals with adequate notice

of our privacy policies, our use of AI products or services, or obtain required valid consent, could subject us to liabilities

imposed by the jurisdictions where we operate. Further, because some of our products and services are available on the internet,

we may be subject to laws or regulations exposing us to liability or compliance obligations even in jurisdictions where we do

not have a substantial presence.

Existing privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and are subject to potentially differing interpretations.

Enforcement of state privacy laws has become more focused in 2025, with enhanced coordination among state attorneys general

and the California Privacy Protection Agency forming a Consortium of Privacy Regulators and conducting coordinated

investigative compliance efforts .

Various federal and state legislative and regulatory bodies, as well as foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, may expand

and amend current laws or enact new laws regarding privacy and data protection or increase enforcement efforts under existing

laws. For example, t he U.K. Information Commissioner's Office is actively auditing and increasing its enforcement of opt-in

consent, cookie compliance and other U.K. General Data Protection Regulation requirements . In addition, various regulatory

bodies have increased privacy-related enforcement efforts, such as the Federal Trade Commission's enforcement activities

relating to misleading privacy disclosures. Any failure or perceived failure by us, or the third-party service providers upon

which we rely, to comply with laws and regulations that govern our business operations, as well as any failure or perceived

failure by us, or the third-party service providers upon which we rely, to comply with our own posted policies, could result in

claims against us by governmental entities or others, negative publicity and a loss of confidence in us by our customers, users

and advertisers. Each of these potential consequences could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We use AI and may use other new technologies in our business. Challenges with our ability to effectively manage,

govern, and scale their adoption and use may affect our competitive position, reputation, and could adversely affect our

results of operations .

We have incorporated and will likely continue to incorporate AI solutions, products, and services including those both

developed in-house and third party AI products and services, as well as other new technologies into our platform, offerings,

services and features, and these applications have become important and may become more important in our operations over

time. Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or more successfully than us,

which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our results of operations. If our competitors and other

third parties adopt AI applications that use our content without end users visiting our network of websites, our digital

advertising and subscription revenues could be reduced and we could lose additional monetization opportunities.

We have strong cross-functional governance structures to evaluate and introduce AI tools, and while we have licensed

broad access to such tools, they are not yet universally available or adopted. Broad learning and skill development programs

have accompanied tools availability to upskill the workforce for an AI-powered world. In some cases, time constraints and

cultural experimentation practices prevent progress with these efforts. Should we fail to embed AI capability or to seize

automation opportunities, we may lose innovative talent or fail to change operating practices at pace with industry demand.

In addition, the introduction of AI applications into our business may disrupt our relationship with employees and/or result

in labor disputes if the AI tools are viewed as displacing work from newsrooms or other business functions, which could

adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI

applications assist in producing, or our descriptions of our AI use in contexts where we make AI disclosures, are or are alleged

to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely

affected.

The use of AI applications may result in cybersecurity incidents that implicate the personal data of end users of such

applications or other confidential data. Any such cybersecurity incidents related to our use of AI applications could adversely

affect our reputation and results of operations and expose us to civil litigation and/or regulatory actions. AI applications also

introduce risks to our ability to protect our intellectual property, to the extent large language models have used our content to

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train AI tools. Similarly, if we use open-source AI applications, we could be subject to claims of infringement of others’

intellectual property, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

AI also presents emerging ethical and legal issues and our use of AI may result in brand or reputational harm, competitive

harm, or legal liability. The EU and several U.S. states including California, Colorado, New York, Texas and Utah have

recently enacted AI-focused consumer protection laws. The rapid evolution of AI, including current and future regulation of AI,

could significantly impact our business and will require significant resources to develop, test and maintain our platform,

offerings, services, and features to help us implement AI ethically and in a compliant manner in order to minimize unintended,

harmful impacts.

Defects, delays, or interruptions in the cloud-based hosting services we utilize, both directly and indirectly, could

adversely affect our systems, reputation and operating results.

Third-party subscription-based software services as well as public cloud infrastructure services are utilized to provide

solutions for many of our computing and bandwidth needs. Any interruptions to these services generally could result in the

unavailability of our content sites, and interruptions in service to our subscribers and advertisers and/or our critical business

functions, notwithstanding any contractual service level commitments, business continuity or disaster recovery plans or

agreements that may currently be in place with some of these providers. This could result in unanticipated downtime and/or

harm to our operations, reputation, and operating results. A transition from these services to different cloud providers would be

difficult to implement and cause us to incur significant time and expense. In addition, if hosting costs increase over time and/or

if we require more computing or storage capacity as a result of subscriber growth or otherwise, our costs could increase

disproportionately.

Our business is dependent on third-party technology platforms, search results, and algorithms to distribute our content,

and changes to these platforms, including the increased use of AI tools, could materially adversely affect our traffic,

engagement, and financial performance.

A significant portion of the traffic to, and engagement with, our digital platforms is driven by third-party technology

platforms, including search engines, social media platforms, digital marketplaces, and mobile app stores. These platforms use

proprietary algorithms, ranking criteria, and recommendation systems to determine the visibility, prioritization, and presentation

of content, and we have limited ability to influence or control these systems. Changes to these algorithms, ranking

methodologies, content formats, or platform policies may occur frequently and without notice and may reduce the prominence

or discoverability of our content, resulting in declines in traffic, user engagement, advertising demand, and subscription growth.

In addition, evolving consumer behavior, including the increasing use of AI tools that provide AI-generated answers,

summaries, or content directly to users without directing them to publisher websites, may further reduce referrals to our

platforms and impair our ability to monetize our content. If we are unable to effectively adapt to changes in third-party platform

algorithms, distribution practices, or consumer discovery behaviors, or if these platforms reduce or limit the distribution of our

content, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Additional Risks Related to Our Business

Any significant increase in newsprint costs or disruptions in our newsprint supply chain, or the unavailability of the

materials needed for printing, may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial

condition.

Our ability to supply the needs of our print operations depends upon the continuing availability of materials needed for

printing, including newsprint, plates and ink, at acceptable prices, and our results of operations may be impacted significantly

by changes in prices or the availability of such materials. The price of newsprint has historically been volatile, and a number of

factors may cause prices to increase, including capacity reductions through the closure and consolidation of newsprint mills or

the conversion of newsprint mills to other products or grades of paper, which has reduced the number of newsprint suppliers

over the years. For example, in January 2026 we received notice that one of our newsprint suppliers was ceasing operations.

Consequentially, the price of newsprint in the marketplace has increased in the first quarter of 2026 and additional increases

may occur. We are actively working to mitigate the impact of this closure. In addition, our supply chain, both domestically and

internationally, is susceptible to disruptions and pricing volatility tied to economic and geopolitical factors, including tariffs and

retaliatory tariffs. We may not be able to secure alternative providers quickly and cost-effectively, which could disrupt our

printing and distribution operations or increase the cost of printing and distributing our newspapers. We generally maintain

approximately 20- to 55-days of newsprint inventory on hand. The timely procurement of necessary production materials is

critical and any significant increase in the cost of newsprint, or undersupply or other significant disruption in the newsprint

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supply chain that could not otherwise be mitigated, or the unavailability of materials needed for printing, could have a material

adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The value of our goodwill and intangible assets may become impaired, which could materially and adversely affect

future reported results of operations.

Our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which include mastheads, are subject to annual impairment testing, and

more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in our circumstances, to determine whether

the fair value of such assets is less than their carrying value. In such a case, a non-cash charge to earnings may be necessary in

the relevant period, which could materially and adversely affect future reported results of operations. At December 31, 2025 ,

the carrying value of our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and amortizable intangible assets was $518.8 million ,

$164.1 million and $173.7 million , respectively .

We performed goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment tests in the fourth quarter of 2025 with the assistance of

third-party valuation specialists and determined that there were no goodwill or intangible impairments.

Management assumptions used to calculate fair value are highly subjective and involve forecasts of future economic and

market conditions and their impact on operating performance. Changes in key assumptions impacting the analyses could result

in the recognition of additional impairment. There can be no assurance that we will not be required to take an impairment

charge in the future which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. While we believe our judgments

represent reasonably possible outcomes based on available facts and circumstances, adverse changes to the assumptions,

including those related to macroeconomic factors, comparable public company trading values and prevailing conditions in the

capital markets, could lead to future declines in the fair value of a reporting unit. If our future operating results are not in line

with the cash flow forecasts underlying our impairment analysis, we could have an impairment of our goodwill or intangible

assets in the future and such impairment could materially affect our operating results. We continually evaluate whether current

factors or indicators, such as prevailing conditions in the business environment, capital markets or the economy generally, and

actual or projected operating results, require the performance of an interim impairment assessment of goodwill, as well as other

long-lived assets. For example, any significant shortfall, now or in the future, in advertising revenues or subscribers and/or

consumer acceptance of our products could lead to a downward revision in the fair value of certain reporting units.

We could be subject to additional tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial

condition .

As a U.S.-based multinational business, we are subject to taxation in U.S. and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, including the

U.K. Our effective tax rate is impacted by the tax laws, regulations, practices and interpretations in the jurisdictions in which

we operate and may fluctuate from period to period depending on, among other things, the geographic mix of our profits and

losses, changes in tax laws and regulations or their application and interpretation, the outcome of tax audits and changes in

valuation allowances associated with our deferred tax assets. Changes to enacted tax laws could have an adverse impact on our

future tax rate and tax provision. We may be required to record additional valuation allowances if, among other things, changes

in tax laws or adverse economic conditions negatively impact our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. Evaluating and

estimating our tax provision, current and deferred tax assets and liabilities and other tax accruals requires significant

management judgment, and there are often transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.

Our tax returns are subject to review and audit by various tax authorities. Tax authorities may not agree with the treatment

of items reported in our tax returns or positions taken by us, and as a result, tax-related settlements or litigation may occur,

resulting in additional income tax liabilities against us. Although we believe we have appropriately accrued for the expected

outcome of tax reviews and examinations and any related litigation, the final outcomes of these matters could differ from the

amounts recorded in the financial statements. As a result, we may be required to recognize additional tax expense or make

payments related to current or prior periods, or our taxes in the future could increase, which could adversely affect our

operating results and financial condition.

We may not be able to protect intellectual property rights upon which our business relies and, if we lose intellectual

property protection, our assets may lose value.

Our business depends on our intellectual property, including, but not limited to, our titles, mastheads, content and

proprietary software, which we may attempt to protect through patents, copyrights, trade laws and contractual restrictions, such

as confidentiality agreements. Our proprietary and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and our

competitive position.

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Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and

use our content, services and other intellectual property, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent any

misappropriation or confusion among consumers and merchants, or unauthorized use of these rights. Our ability to protect our

own data and intellectual property against infringement may also be impacted by the rapidly evolving regulatory environment

for AI technologies. Any misuse of our intellectual property, including by sources that use AI to scrape data, including our own

content, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. If we are unable to procure, protect and enforce our

intellectual property rights, we may not realize the full value of these assets, and our business may suffer. If we must litigate to

enforce our intellectual property rights or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of third parties, such

litigation may be costly and divert the attention of our management from day-to-day operations.

We are subject to environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations that could cause us to incur

significant compliance expenditures and liabilities.

Our operations are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations pertaining to the environment, storage tanks and

the management and disposal of wastes at our facilities. Under various environmental laws, a current or previous owner or

operator of real property may be liable for contamination resulting from the release or threatened release of hazardous or toxic

substances or petroleum at that property. Such laws often impose liability on the owner or operator without regard to fault, and

the costs of any required investigation or cleanup can be substantial. Although in connection with certain of our acquisitions we

have rights to indemnification for certain environmental liabilities, these rights may not be sufficient to reimburse us for all

losses that we might incur if a property acquired by us has environmental contamination. In addition, although in connection

with certain of our acquisitions we have obtained insurance policies for coverage for certain potential environmental liabilities,

these policies have express exclusions to coverage as well as express limits on amounts of coverage and length of term.

Accordingly, these insurance policies may not be sufficient to provide coverage for us for all losses that we might incur if a

property acquired by us has environmental contamination.

Our operations are also subject to various employee safety and health laws and regulations, including those pertaining to

occupational injury and illness, employee exposure to hazardous materials and employee complaints. Environmental and

employee safety and health laws tend to be complex, comprehensive and frequently changing. As a result, we may be involved

from time to time in administrative and judicial proceedings and investigations related to environmental and employee safety

and health issues. These proceedings and investigations could result in substantial costs to us, divert our management's attention

and adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop our real property. Furthermore, if it is determined that we are not in

compliance with applicable laws and regulations, or if our properties are contaminated, it could result in significant liabilities,

fines or the suspension or interruption of the operations of specific printing facilities. Future events, such as changes in existing

laws and regulations, new laws or regulations or the discovery of conditions not currently known to us, may give rise to

additional compliance or remedial costs that could be material.

Risks Related to Pension Obligations and Employees

We are required to use a portion of our cash flows to make contributions to our pension and postretirement plans,

which diverts cash flow from operations, and the amount of required future contributions may be difficult to estimate.

We, along with our subsidiaries, sponsor various defined benefit retirement plans, including plans established under

collective bargaining agreements. Our retirement plans include (i) the Gannett Retirement Plan (the "GR Plan"), (ii) the Gannett

Retirement Plan for Certain Union Employees, (iii) the Newsquest Pension Scheme in the U.K., (iv) the Newspaper Guild of

Detroit Pension Plan, (v) the George W. Prescott Publishing Company Pension Plan and (vi) the Times Publishing Company

Defined Benefit Pension Plan.

We also participate in certain multiemployer pension plans and because of the nature of multiemployer pension plans, there

are risks to us associated with participation in these plans. For example, in the event of the termination of a multiemployer

pension plan, or a complete or partial withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan, under applicable law we could incur

material withdrawal liabilities.

Our pension plans invest in a variety of equity and debt securities. Future volatility and disruption in the equity and bond

markets could cause declines in the asset values of our pension plans. As of December 31, 2025 , the value of our pension assets

exceeded our pension benefit obligations and our retirement plans were overfunded by approximately $171.2 million on a U.S.

generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") basis.

Our ability to make contribution payments will depend on our future cash flows, which are subject to general economic,

financial, competitive, business, legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. Various factors, including future

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investment returns, interest rates, longevity, and potential pension legislative changes, may impact the timing and amount of

future pension contributions.

The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, reduced staffing levels, or our inability to attract or retain skilled or

experienced personnel in the future may materially and adversely affect our ability to operate or grow our business

effectively.

The success of our business depends heavily on our ability to attract, engage and retain knowledgeable, experienced

personnel that execute critical functions for us, any of whom may be difficult to replace. We may be constrained in hiring and

retaining sufficient qualified employees due to general labor shortages, shifts in workforce availability or interest in our sector,

hiring freezes, public health crises, or due to challenging macroeconomic market conditions. Additionally, the cost of retaining

or hiring such employees could exceed our expectations, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations,

and labor constraints may limit our profitability due to the impact of rising wages.

We must continually evaluate and upgrade our base of available qualified personnel through recruiting and training

programs to keep pace with changing needs and emerging technologies. This is especially acute for individuals with critical

information technology capabilities and other technology skills that are in high demand by many companies, as competition for

such individuals with proven professional skills is intense, and we expect demand for such individuals to remain strong for the

foreseeable future. Qualified personnel with relevant skills may not be available to us in sufficient numbers and on terms of

employment acceptable to us. A shortage of qualified employees, as well as increased turnover rates, could have an adverse

impact on our productivity and costs, our ability to expand, develop and distribute new products, our entry into new markets,

and our ability to achieve our business goals. In addition, a s we continue to implement our business strategy and transform the

organization, cost control initiatives have resulted in a reduced workforce, causing management to operate with reduced

capacity. Reduced staffing levels may materially and adversely affect our ability to conduct our operations and other functions

effectively and impact our profitability and cash flow, especially under economic pressures.

Further, if we are unable to have competitive compensation programs, the incentives provided by our securities or by other

compensation and benefits arrangements are ineffective, or there are perceived or actual limitations for growth opportunities,

we may experience increased turnover and loss of critical capabilities. While we have entered into letter agreements with

certain of our key personnel, these agreements do not ensure that such personnel will continue in their present capacity with us

for any particular period of time and we do not have agreements with all of our critical personnel. Further, we do not have key

employee insurance for any of our current management or other key personnel. The loss of any key personnel or critical

employee would require our remaining key personnel to divert immediate and substantial attention to seek a replacement. The

loss of the services of any of our existing key personnel, including senior officers and critical talent, as a result of competition

or for any other reason, or an inability to find a suitable replacement for any departing key employee on a timely basis could

materially and adversely affect our ability to operate or grow our business.

We rely on equity-based compensation to attract, retain, and motivate our key employees, which may result in price

pressures on our Common Stock, stockholder dilution and increased usage of shares under our equity incentive plan during

periods in which our stock price is depressed. Our ability to continue a competitive long-term equity-based incentive

program required to attract and retain talent may be hindered, and alternative incentive models may cause our cash flows to

be reduced.

We rely upon equity awards including restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and preferred stock units as a

component of our employee and director compensation programs to align our directors', officers' and employees' interests with

the interests of our stockholders, to attract and retain key talent and provide competitive compensation packages. During

periods in which our stock price declines, we may be required to issue equity awards under the terms of our existing incentive

plan covering a larger number of shares than anticipated to meet the current market level of compensation required to retain key

employees given the strong demand for talent. We also may be required to use a greater percentage of our cash flow for

incentive, retention and hiring payments, which would reduce the cash flow available for other purposes and could have a

material adverse effect on our ability to attract and retain talent necessary to run our business. Our stock price also may face

incremental downward pressure as employees sell more shares into the market than anticipated. In addition, stockholders may

experience additional dilution to the extent we are required to seek, and we obtain, stockholder approval to expand the size of

our employee equity incentive pool in order to maintain a competitive compensation position.

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A number of our employees are unionized, and our business and results of operations could be materially adversely

affected if current or additional labor negotiations or contracts were to further restrict our ability to maximize the efficiency

of our operations.

As of December 31, 2025 , we employed approximately 7,540 employees in the U.S., of whom approximately 1,200 (or

approximately 15% ) were represented by six unions. Of the unionized employees, approximately 47% are in five states. Ohio ,

New Jersey , Illinois , Michigan , and Florida represented 11% , 10% , 9% , 9% , and 8% of our union employees, respectively.

Although the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle engaged in a short-lived strike in 2024, our other newspapers have not

experienced a union strike in the recent past nor do we anticipate a union strike to occur, we cannot preclude the possibility that

a strike may occur at one or more of our newspapers at some point in the future. We believe that, in the event of a newspaper

strike, we would be able to continue to publish and deliver to subscribers, which is critical to retaining advertising and

circulation revenues, although there can be no assurance of this. Further, settlement of actual or threatened labor disputes or an

increase in the number of our employees covered by collective bargaining agreements can have unknown effects on our labor

costs, productivity and flexibility.

Risks Related to the Termination of our Relationship with our Former Manager

Our Former Manager is not liable to us for certain acts or omissions performed in accordance with, and prior to the

termination of, our Former Management Agreement, and for certain matters in connection with the termination of our

relationship with the Former Manager, and we may incur liability for such acts or omissions.

Pursuant to, and prior to the termination of, the Former Management Agreement, the Former Manager assumed no

responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder in good faith and was not responsible for any action of our

Board of Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. The Former Manager, its members,

managers, officers and employees are not liable to us or any of our subsidiaries, to our Board of Directors, or our or any

subsidiary's stockholders or partners for any acts or omissions by the Former Manager, its members, managers, officers or

employees, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the

Former Manager's duties under the Former Management Agreement that occurred prior to its termination. Pursuant to the

Termination Agreement, our indemnification obligations to the Former Manager and its affiliates under the Former

Management Agreement survived its termination. In addition, pursuant to the Termination Agreement, the Former Manager

will be held harmless with respect to certain acts and omissions performed in connection with the Termination Agreement

except by reason of acts or omissions constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the

Former Manager's performance under the Termination Agreement. As a result, we may incur liabilities as a result of certain acts

or omissions by the Former Manager, which could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Our stock price is subject to volatility and there can be no assurance that the market for our stock will provide adequate

liquidity.

The market price of our Common Stock may fluctuate widely, depending upon many factors, some of which may be

beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation:

• Risks and uncertainties associated with public health matters and other events outside of our control;

• Our business profile and market capitalization may not fit the investment objectives of any stockholder;

• A shift in our investor base;

• Our quarterly or annual earnings, or those of other comparable companies;

• Actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;

• Risks relating to our ability to meet long-term forecasts;

• Announcements by us or our competitors of significant investments, acquisitions or dispositions, strategic

developments and other material events;

• The failure of securities analysts to cover our Common Stock;

• Changes in earnings estimates by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates;

• The operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies;

• Negative public perception of us, our competitors, or industry;

• Overall market fluctuations or volatility, including, but not limited to, as a result of changes in political or other

conditions affecting the financial and capital markets;

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• Changes in accounting standards, policies guidance, interpretations or principles; and

• General economic conditions.

In addition, our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of our Common Stock (the "Stock

Repurchase Program"). The amount and timing of the purchases, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including, but not

limited to, the price and availability of the shares, trading volume, capital availability, Company performance and general

economic and market conditions. Further, future repurchases under our Stock Repurchase Program may be subject to various

conditions under the terms of our various debt instruments and agreements, unless an exception is available or we obtain a

waiver or similar relief. The Stock Repurchase Program will continue in effect until the approved dollar amount has been used

to repurchase shares or the program is terminated by further action of the Board of Directors. This repurchase program has no

termination date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The Stock Repurchase Program does not require us to

repurchase any specific number of shares of Common Stock or any shares of Common Stock at all. We cannot assure

stockholders that any specific number of shares of Common Stock, if any, will be repurchased under the Stock Repurchase

Program or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Our stock repurchases, if any, could affect the trading price of our

stock, the volatility of our stock price, reduce our cash reserves, and may be suspended or discontinued at any time, which may

result in a decrease in our stock price.

Further, stock markets in general and recently have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating

performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Common

Stock. Additionally, these and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market price and demand for

our Common Stock to fluctuate, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of Common Stock and

may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our Common Stock. Further, an unpredictable or volatile U.S. political

environment could negatively impact business and market conditions, economic growth, financial stability, and business,

consumer, investor, and regulatory sentiments, any one or more of which could have a material adverse impact on our stock

price, financial condition and results of operations.

Sales or issuances of shares of our Common Stock, including upon conversion of the 2027 Notes and/or the 2031 Notes,

could materially adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Sales or issuances of substantial amounts of shares of our Common Stock, or the perception that such sales or issuances

might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. The issuance of our Common Stock in connection

with property, portfolio or business acquisitions or the settlement of awards that may be granted under our Incentive Plans (as

defined below) or otherwise could also have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

In accordance with the Investor Agreement among the Company and the holders of the 2027 Notes (the "2027 Holders")

and the Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and holders of the 2031 Notes (together with the 2027 Holders, the

"Holders"), in each case establishing certain terms and conditions concerning the rights and restrictions on the respective

Holders with respect to the Holders' respective ownership of the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes, the Holders have certain

registration rights with respect to the shares of Common Stock to be issued upon conversion of the 2027 Notes or the 2031

Notes. In addition, Holders who receive Common Stock upon conversion of the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes may be able to

sell these shares of Common Stock pursuant to any applicable exemption under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the

rules promulgated thereunder, including Rule 144, if applicable. If significant quantities of the Common Stock are sold, or if it

is perceived that they may be sold, the trading price of the Common Stock could go down.

We presently have no intention to declare or pay a dividend, the terms of our indebtedness restrict our ability to pay

dividends, and we may not be able to pay dividends in the future or at all.

We presently have no intention to declare or pay a dividend, and there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in

the future. In addition, our 2029 Term Loan Facility contains terms that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other

distributions. Under the 2029 Term Loan Facility, we can only pay cash dividends up to an agreed-upon amount and provided

that the ratio of Total Indebtedness secured on an equal priority basis with the 2029 Term Loan Facility (net of Unrestricted

Cash) to Consolidated EBITDA (as such terms are defined in the 2029 Term Loan Facility) does not exceed a specified ratio.

The 2031 Notes Indenture contains similar dividend restrictions. The 2031 Notes Indenture also provides that, at any time our

Total Gross Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture) exceeds 1.50 to 1.00 and we approve the declaration of a

dividend, we must offer to purchase a principal amount of 2031 Notes equal to the proposed amount of the dividend. This

repurchase offer requirement may make it impractical to declare and pay dividends at any time that the requirement is in effect.

Stockholders also should be aware that they have no contractual or other legal right to dividends that have not been declared.

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Any determination by our Board of Directors regarding dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including our U.S.

GAAP net income, free cash flow generated from operations or other sources, liquidity position and potential alternative uses of

cash, such as acquisitions, as well as economic conditions and expected future financial results. There can be no guarantee

regarding the timing and amount of any dividends. Our ability to pay dividends in the future will depend on our future financial

performance, which, in turn, depends on the successful implementation of our strategy and on financial, competitive,

regulatory, technical and other factors, general economic conditions, demand and selling prices for our products, and other

factors specific to our industry or specific projects, many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, our ability to generate

free cash flow depends on the performance of our operations and could be limited by decreases in our profitability or increases

in costs, capital expenditures, or debt servicing requirements.

The percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be diluted in the future, including upon conversion of the

2027 Notes and/or the 2031 Notes, and holders of the 2031 Notes may possess significant voting power following conversion

of the 2031 Notes.

We have issued and may continue to issue equity in order to raise capital or in connection with future acquisitions and

strategic investments, which would dilute investors' percentage ownership in the Company. In addition, a stockholder's

percentage ownership may be diluted if we issue equity-linked instruments, such as our 2027 Notes and 2031 Notes. Further,

the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be diluted in the future as a result of any issuances of our shares

upon exercise of any outstanding options, or issuances of shares under our equity incentive plans.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, a stockholder's

ownership interest in the Company may be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other

preferences that adversely affect a stockholder's rights. Debt and equity financings, if available, may involve agreements that

include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as redeeming our shares, making investments,

incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends or placing limitations on our ability to acquire, sell

or license intellectual property rights.

The percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be diluted in the future as result of the issuance of Common

Stock due to conversion of the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes. Each 2027 Note and each 2031 Note may be converted into

shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion rate of 200 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes

(subject to adjustment as provided in the Indenture, the "Conversion Rate"). Based on the number of shares outstanding on

February 20, 2026 , conversion of all of the 2027 Notes and all of the 2031 Notes into Common Stock (assuming no adjustments

to the Conversion Rate) would result in the issuance of an aggregate of 49.6 million shares of the Common Stock representing

approximately 25% of the shares outstanding as of February 20, 2026 and conversion of all of the 2027 Notes and 2031 Notes

into Common Stock (assuming the maximum increase in the Conversion Rate as a result of certain events, including, subject to

exceptions as described in the Indenture, the acquisition of 50% or more of voting power of our securities by a person or group,

a stockholder-approved liquidation of us, the delisting of our Common Stock, or certain changes of control, but no other

adjustments to the Conversion Rate) would result in the issuance of an aggregate of 158.1 million shares of the Common Stock

representing approximately 52% of the shares outstanding as of February 20, 2026 . To our knowledge, a majority in aggregate

principal amount of the outstanding 2031 Notes are held by entities controlled, managed or advised by a large financial sponsor.

In the event that a holder of a majority or even a significant portion of the 2031 Notes were to convert their notes into Common

Stock, such a holder could possess significant voting power with respect to our Common Stock and may have interests that are

different from, or adverse to, the interests of our other stockholders. From time to time, investors (including holders of a

significant portion of the 2031 Notes) may acquire additional 2031 Notes or shares of Common Stock, and we are unable to

predict or monitor such ownership.

Any sales of the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our

Common Stock. In addition, the existence of the 2027 Notes and the 2031 Notes may encourage short selling by market

participants because the conversion of the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes could be used to satisfy short positions. Further, the

anticipated possibility of conversion of the 2027 Notes or the 2031 Notes into shares of our Common Stock could depress the

price of our Common Stock.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and of Delaware

law may prevent or delay an acquisition of the Company, which could decrease the trading price of our Common Stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law contain

provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids by making such practices or bids

unacceptably expensive to the raider and to encourage prospective acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors rather than

to attempt a hostile takeover. These provisions provide for:

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• Amendment of provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws

regarding the election of directors, the term of office of directors, the filling of director vacancies and the resignation

and removal of directors only upon the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the then issued and outstanding shares of

our capital stock entitled to vote thereon;

• Amendment of provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation regarding corporate opportunity

only upon the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the then issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to

vote thereon;

• Removal of directors only for cause and only with the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the voting interest of

stockholders entitled to vote in the election of directors;

• Our Board of Directors to determine the powers, preferences and rights of our preferred stock and to issue such

preferred stock without stockholder approval;

• Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws prevent

stockholders from calling special meetings of our stockholders;

• Advance notice requirements applicable to stockholders for director nominations and actions to be taken at annual

meetings;

• A prohibition, in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, stating that no holder of shares of our Common

Stock will have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors, which means that the holders of majority of the

issued and outstanding shares of our Common Stock can elect all the directors standing for election; and

• Action by our stockholders outside a meeting, in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our

amended and restated bylaws, only by unanimous written consent.

Stockholders who might desire to participate in these types of transactions may not have an opportunity to do so, even if

the transaction is considered favorable to stockholders. These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of

stockholders to benefit from a change in control or a change in our management and Board of Directors and, as a result, may

adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock and a stockholder's ability to realize any potential change of control

premium.

Our ability to compete may be materially and adversely affected if adequate capital is not available. In addition, future

offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our Common Stock upon our liquidation, and future offerings of

equity securities, which may be senior to our Common Stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may

be dilutive and materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Our ability to be competitive in the marketplace is dependent on the availability of adequate capital. We may raise

additional capital through the issuance of debt or equity securities (including preferred stock) from time to time. There is no

guarantee that we will file or have an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC, which could impact our ability

to engage in future offerings and could impair our ability to raise additional capital quickly in response to changing

requirements and market conditions.

In addition, upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities (including holders of our 2031 Notes and 2027 Notes) and

preferred stock, if any, and lenders with respect to other borrowings (including the lenders under the 2029 Term Loan Facility)

will be entitled to our available assets prior to the holders of our Common Stock. Preferred stock could have a preference on

liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our

Common Stock.

Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other

factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of

our Common Stock bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our Common Stock and diluting the value

of their holdings in our stock.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, " contains forward-looking statements

within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect our current

views regarding, among other things, our future or ongoing growth, results of operations, performance, business prospects and

opportunities, stock repurchases, our expectations, in terms of both amount and timing, with respect to debt repayment and our

capital structure, our foundation, and our environmental, social and governance goals, and are not statements of historical fact.

Words such as "anticipate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "focus," "goal," "project," "projection," "opportunity," "believe," "will,"

"aim," "strive," "commit," "would," "could," "can," "may," "seek," "estimate" and similar expressions are intended to identify

such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of

known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could lead to actual results materially different from those

described in the forward-looking statements. We can give no assurance our expectations will be attained. Our actual results,

liquidity, and financial condition may differ materially from the anticipated results, liquidity, and financial condition indicated

in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and

uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause our actual results to differ, possibly materially, from the

expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including, among others, the risks identified by us under

the heading "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this report, as well as other risks and factors identified from time to time in our other

filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-

looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not

possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor,

or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Except to the extent required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to any

forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or change in events,

conditions, or circumstances on which any statement is based.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

USA TODAY Co. is a diversified media company with expansive reach at the national and local level dedicated to

empowering and enriching communities. Our mission is to inspire, inform, and connect audiences. As a media and digital

marketing solutions company we are focused on sustainable growth. Through our trusted brands, including the USA TODAY

NETWORK, comprised of the national publication, USA TODAY, and our network of local properties , in the United States

(the "U.S."), and Newsquest, a wholly-owned subsidiary operating in the United Kingdom (the " U.K. "), we provide essential

journalism, local content, and digital experiences to audiences and businesses. We deliver trusted unbiased journalism when and

where consumers want it. LocaliQ, our digital marketing solutions brand, supports small and medium-sized businesses

("SMBs") with innovative digital marketing products and solutions.

In November 2025, we changed our corporate name from Gannett Co., Inc. to USA TODAY Co., Inc. and we revised the

names of two of our reportable segments: Domestic Gannett Media is now referred to as USA TODAY Media and Digital

Marketing Solutions is now referred to as LocaliQ . We do not distinguish between our prior and current corporate and

reportable segment names and refer to our current corporate and reportable segment names throughout this Annual Report on

Form 10-K. As such, unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms " USA TODAY Co. , " "Company,"

"we," "us," and "our" in this document refer to USA TODAY Co., Inc. , a Delaware corporation, and, where appropriate, its

subsidiaries.

We report in three segments: USA TODAY Media , Newsquest and LocaliQ . We also have a Corporate category that

includes activities not directly attributable to a specific reportable segment and includes broad corporate functions, such as

legal, human resources, accounting, analytics, finance, marketing and technology, as well as other general business costs. A full

description of our reportable segments is included in Note 15 — Segment reporting in the notes to the Consolidated financial

statements .

Growing digital revenue is a core strategic priority, and we employ a digital-first strategy, focused on audience growth and

engagement and on diversifying revenue streams. As a result, in 2025 , total Digital revenues, which includes Digital advertising

revenues, Digital marketing services revenues, Digital-only subscription revenues, and Other Digital revenues, including digital

content syndication, affiliate, content and artificial intelligence ("AI") partnerships, and licensing revenues, grew to 46% of our

total revenues, or $1.1 billion . In total, during 2025 we averaged 186 million (a)(b) unique visitors across both the USA TODAY

Media and Newsquest segments, and as of December 31, 2025 , we had approximately 1.5 million paid digital-only

subscriptions, which outnumbered our print subscriptions.

We believe that a number of factors and industry trends have, and will continue to, present risks and challenges to our

business. For a detailed discussion of certain factors that could materially affect our business, results of operations and financial

condition, see "Item 1A — Risk Factors."

Strategy

We are committed to inspiring, informing and connecting audiences as a sustainable, growth-focused media and digital

marketing solutions company. Our strategy is rooted in three operating pillars: (i) expanding our reach and engagement, (ii)

diversifying our digital revenues, and (iii) strengthening our capital structure, all supported by an increasingly integrated

operating foundation, including modernized technology systems, automated workflows, enhanced data capabilities, and

continued investment in our people and talent develop ment. Our strategy unifies trusted journalism and digital innovation under

one brand: USA TODAY Co. and is represented by our motto, "National voice . Local strength ."

Three operating pillars

Expand reach and engagement with our customer segments

We believe a scaled and engaged base is key to our ongoing growth - including audience in our USA TODAY Media and

Newsquest segments and clients in our LocaliQ segment.

As of December 31, 2025 , we have built one of the largest digital audiences in the U.S. media sector, both locally and

nationally. For both the USA TODAY Media and Newsquest segments, we seek to strengthen the connection with our audience

by providing relevant content and expanded offerings that resonate with our readers. We believe a scaled, engaged audience is

the catalyst for creating diversified, predictable, and repeatable digital revenues.

In our LocaliQ segment, we seek to expand our client base through enhancements in our customer acquisition and retention

and by broadening our product portfolio. By capitalizing on our domain expertise, we aim to grow our addressable market and

provide comprehensive solutions that meet the evolving needs of our clients.

Diversify digital revenues

We seek to accelerate digital revenue growth by developing a broad portfolio of monetization channels on our platforms,

maximizing yield across our platforms, and tailoring opportunities to individual consumer behavior.

Our strategy aims to allow us to more fully monetize the numerous visitors to our digital platforms, capitalizing on every

interaction. Given our extensive portfolio, we seek to deliver and optimize a wide range of offerings across advertising,

subscriptions, and commerce while increasingly leveraging our existing content to power syndication, affiliate, content and AI

partnerships, as well as licensing arrangements.

Likewise, we are also focused on enhancing and expanding our core digital marketing services products and solutions. This

includes continuing to develop software-based solutions, including AI-powered solutions, which are intended to increase our

addressable market, improve retention, and increase our Core platform revenues. Refer to "Key Performance Indicators" in

"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" below for further discussion of

Core platform revenues.

Strengthen our capital structure

We remain focused on reducing debt, generating consistent cash flow, and creating flexibility to reinvest in growth

initiatives. We believe this disciplined approach supports our ability to innovate and adapt while ensuring long-term financial

health.

Foundation for ongoing growth

We continue to modernize our infrastructure to support our transformation and long-term growth, including integrating

advanced, next generation technologies that enhance automation, AI, and scalability across our operations. We are

strengthening the interoperability of our platforms to enable faster execution, more efficient and automated decision-making,

and improved product development. These efforts are intended to increase our organization's agility, unlock operational

efficiencies, and position us to capture future digital growth opportunities. We also continue to invest in developing the skills

and capabilities required to support a more technology-forward, digitally oriented organization.

USA TODAY Media segment

Our USA TODAY Media segment includes the USA TODAY NETWORK, comprised of the national publication, USA

TODAY, and our network of local properties in the U.S., as well as USA TODAY NETWORK Ventures, our community

events business. This segment also includes operations which use existing assets, including employee expertise, equipment, and

distribution networks, to produce print products for USA TODAY Co. and third-party customers. As of December 31, 2025 , we

operated over 320 digital news and media brands across our portfolio, and USA TODAY NETWORK had daily and weekly

content brands in approximately 215 local communities across 43 states.

Our core offerings include:

• Digital: digital-only subscriptions for local brands, USA TODAY, sports, and games; and

• Print: home delivery offered on a subscription basis ("home delivery"), single copy, and non-daily publications (i.e.,

shoppers and niche publications).

Approximately 87% of our daily media brands have been published for more than 100 years. We believe the longevity of

our publications demonstrates the value and relevance of the local information we provide and has created a strong foundation

of reader loyalty in each community we serve. Our highly-recognized media brands, including USA TODAY, are powered by

an integrated and award-winning news organization, which as of December 31, 2025 , comprised approximately 2,500

journalists with deep roots in our local communities .

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The scale of our consumer audience across the USA TODAY Media segment makes us an attractive marketing partner to

various local and national businesses trying to reach consumers. We regularly adjust the number and type of products offered

within each publication and market as we identify opportunities to best serve consumer and advertiser needs.

During 2025 , the USA TODAY NETWORK averaged a total digital audience of approximately 132 million (a) monthly

unique visitors, and the combined average daily print readership was approximately 2.2 million on Sunday and 2.0 million daily

Monday through Saturday, primarily driven by our network of local properties and to a lesser extent, our national publication

USA TODAY. We reach nearly 1 in 2 adults (a) in the U.S., led by USA TODAY and amplified by local media brands within the

USA TODAY NETWORK. We are the leading news media publisher in the U.S. in terms of circulation and have the largest

digital audience in the News and Information category, excluding news aggregators, based on the December 2025 Comscore

Media Metrix® Desktop + Mobile. Per those metrics, our content reaches more people digitally than Fox News Media, CNN

Network, New York Times Digital, or WashingtonPost.com (a) .

The USA TODAY NETWORK also leverages a centralized infrastructure, which provides shared support for back-office

operations, such as content design and layout services, print and digital creative development, certain sales and service

platforms, technology, data, and accounting and finance. While we centrally manage production and distribution, and leverage a

single content management platform to maximize efficiency and enable content sharing across our portfolio of brands, we

believe that it is critically important that our U.S. local property network operate at the local level and utilize the centralized

infrastructure in a manner that maximizes each property's individual performance.

USA TODAY Media segment revenues

The USA TODAY Media segment generates revenue through subscriptions to our print and digital products, advertising

augmented by full funnel solutions including digital marketing services, and, to a lesser extent, commercial printing and

distribution, and the syndication and licensing of our content to third parties. The USA TODAY Media segment is focused on

monetizing its digital audience through multiple digital revenue touchpoints, including digital subscriptions, digital content

syndication, affiliate, content and AI partnerships, and digital advertising leveraging both first and third-party data. We are

focused on growing digital revenues by employing a holistic approach to monetization and maximizing the total digital revenue

of each unique visitor, while maintaining a robust print base.

Our advertising teams sell across a wide range of products, platforms, and locations . We operate local market teams,

national and centralized sales, and self-service options to maximize the scale of our network. We offer a comprehensive

portfolio of print and digital advertising, including digital marketing services, tailored to meet the unique needs of advertisers,

from small local businesses to complex national brands. We provide trusted expertise, access to wide ranging audiences, a

nationally scaled sales force, and targeted, integrated solutions. Our broad portfolio positions us to influence attitudes and

behavior at every stage of the purchase path.

Digital revenues

Digital revenues at the USA TODAY Media segment were $654.2 million in 2025 compared to $692.7 million in 2024 ,

which represented 38% of total USA TODAY Media segment revenues in 2025 , up from 36% in 2024 .

We track our Digital revenues in four main categories: digital advertising, digital marketing services, digital-only

subscription and digital other. Below are descriptions of these categories:

• Digital advertising offerings include direct sold display advertising and programmatic advertising that leverages both

first and third-party data delivered on either our digital products or off-platform as well as classified advertisements

such as auto, employment, real estate, legal, and obituary notifications, which may leverage third-party providers.

• Digital marketing services represent our integrated, proprietary marketing platform that helps local businesses build

their online presence through high conversion websites, drives awareness and leads through products such as search

engine marketing, manages and nurtures leads through our marketing automation platform, and measures which

activities are most effective. Our digital marketing services utilize digital inventory across a number of third-party

websites.

• Digital-only subscription offerings reflect the digital distribution of our publications.

• Digital other revenues are mainly derived from digital content syndication, affiliate, content and AI partnerships and

licensing revenues.

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Print and commercial revenues

Print and commercial revenues at the USA TODAY Media segment were $1.1 billion in 2025 , compared to $1.2 billion in

2024 , which represented 62% of total USA TODAY Media segment revenues in 2025 , down from 64% in 2024 , making it our

single largest revenue category in 2025 .

We track our Print and commercial revenues in three primary categories: print advertising, print circulation, and

commercial and other. Below are descriptions of the categories:

• Print advertising is mainly derived from local and national advertising runs in our print products, such as our daily or

non-daily publications, and are either display advertising or preprinted inserts.

• Print circulation reflects the sale of both home delivery and single copy sales of our publications.

• Commercial and other reflects revenues generated from commercial printing and distribution arrangements, and

revenues from our events business.

Our all access content subscription model in our local markets includes a home delivered print product along with access to

our content via multiple digital platforms, with subscription prices varying by market, frequency, and product, among other

variables. As of December 31, 2025 , we had approximately 0.8 million print subscribers.

In the U.S. local markets, Print circulation revenues are largely subscription based, with approximately 85% derived from

home delivery subscriptions in 2025 . In addition to the subscription model, single-copy print editions are sold at retail outlets

and accounted for approximately 9% of daily and 13% of Sunday net paid circulation volume in 2025 . In 2025 , a pproximately

44% of the net paid circulation volumes of USA TODAY were generated by single-copy sales at retail outlets, vending

machines, or hotels that provide copies to their guests. Net paid circulation volumes of USA TODAY also include home and

office delivery, mail, educational, and other sales.

Events

USA TODAY NETWORK Ventures, our events and promotions business, diversifies our media offerings by connecting

communities through impactful experiences. In 2025 , USA TODAY NETWORK Ventures hosted a variety of in-person and

virtual events, attracting approximately 430 thousand attendees. Our portfolio includes home and garden shows, food and wine

festivals, high school sports recognition programs, including the USA TODAY High School Sports Awards, and major events

such as the Hot Chocolate 15K/5K, RAGBRAI, and Detroit Free Press Marathon.

USA TODAY NETWORK Ventures revenues are generated primarily through sponsorship sales, race registrations, and

ticket sales, which are reported in other revenues, and print and digital advertising and marketing revenues.

Production and distribution

As of December 31, 2025 , the USA TODAY Media segment owned and/or operated 11 production facilities. We leverage

existing assets, including employee expertise, equipment, and distribution networks, to produce print products for USA

TODAY Co. and third-party customers. We seek to reduce the operating costs of our publications while enhancing the quality

of our small and mid-size market publications by clustering our production resources, utilizing excess capacity for commercial

work, and/or outsourcing where cost-beneficial.

We aim to continue to optimize our geographic footprint to efficiently produce and transport printed products, with daily

newspaper distribution made via the U.S. Postal Service in certain markets as well as outsourcing to independent third-party

distributors. In 2025 , we converted five publications to same-day mail delivery via the U.S. Postal Service in markets where it

was viable from a customer and financial perspective. Our goal is to provide reliable delivery to the consumer, and where

possible, at a lower cost and eliminate unprofitable distribution routes. We intend to continue to expand mail delivery in 2026 .

Competition

Our USA TODAY Media operations compete for advertising and marketing spend with a broad range of media and

technology companies , including social media platforms, advertising networks, traditional media outlets such as direct mail,

yellow pages, radio, outdoor advertising, broadcast and cable television, magazines, local, regional and national newspapers,

shoppers, and other programmatic buying channels . We also compete for circulation and readership against other news and

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information outlets as well as other content creators, some of which offer their content free of charge.

Competition has intensified as audiences increasingly consume news and information through digital channels, mobile

applications, social platforms, video services, and emerging technologies that aggregate, summarize, or redistribute content.

Barriers to entry remain low with limited capital requirements for new companies to enter the market with competitive digital

products. Additionally, there are times when we are not, and in the future we may not be, compensated for the use of our

original content by third-party digital products and social platforms, including AI-driven platforms.

We expect the USA TODAY Media segment to continue to protect its audience market share and to expand its audience

reach in the digital media industry through a focus on high quality content and journalism, internal audience development

efforts, content distribution programs, acquisitions, and partnerships. Additionally, we expect the USA TODAY Media segment

to continue to improve its suite of advertising and marketing services products through both internal development and

partnerships.

Joint Operating Agreement

One of our USA TODAY Media subsidiaries was a party to a partnership which was subject to and operated under a joint

operating agreement ("JOA"). Under the JOA, the partnership performed the production, sales, distribution, and back office

functions for our subsidiary, the Detroit Free Press, and The Detroit News, which was published by MediaNews Group.

Operating results for the Detroit JOA were fully consolidated along with a charge for the minority partners' share of profits.

During the second quarter of 2025, the parties agreed not to renew the JOA, and as a result the JOA ended in December

2025. On January 31, 2026 , we completed the transfer of The Detroit News from MediaNews Group. Refer to Note 16 —

Subsequent events in the notes to the Consolidated financial statements .

Newsquest segment

Our Newsquest segment in the U.K. is comprised of approximately 220 digital news and media brands across our portfolio,

including over 150 daily and weekly newspapers and over 60 magazines as of December 31, 2025 .

Our core offerings include:

• Digital: digital-only subscriptions for local brands, magazines, and sports verticals; and

• Print: single copy, home delivery, and non-daily publications (i.e., weekly news brands, shoppers and niche

publications).

Many of our publications are located in small and mid-size markets where we are often the primary provider of

comprehensive local community news and information. We reach a large, diverse audience through our print and digital daily

and non-daily publications throughout the U.K. As of December 31, 2025 , our journalism network is powered by an integrated

and award-winning news organization comprised of approximately 420 journalists.

The scale of our consumer audience across the Newsquest segment, combined with a full funnel suite of products, makes

us an attractive marketing partner to various local and national businesses trying to reach consumers. In 2025 , Newsquest had a

digital audience of approximately 54 million (b) monthly unique visitors, on average, with a total average print readership of

approximately 3.5 million every week.

Newsquest segment revenues

The Newsquest segment generates revenue primarily through advertising, single-copy sales and subscriptions to our print

and digital products, augmented by full funnel advertising solutions including digital marketing services, and, to a lesser extent,

commercial printing and distribution. The Newsquest segment is focused on monetizing its large organic audience through

multiple digital revenue touchpoints, such as digital subscriptions, affiliate and content partnerships, digital advertising

leveraging both first and third-party data, and new product offerings. We believe this strategic focus, coupled with our

unwavering commitment to delivering engaging and essential content, will enable us to better optimize our audience and

accelerate our digital revenue growth.

Our advertising operations leverage a multi-faceted approach across products, platforms, and locations. We operate sales

teams in local markets as well as a national sales agency, in conjunction with self-service options, to maximize the scale of our

network. Our advertising teams sell a full portfolio of print and digital advertising, including digital marketing services. This

diverse set of products can be specifically tailored to the individual needs of advertisers from small, locally owned merchants to

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large, complex national brands. As advertisers face the challenges of managing media budgets and engaging evolving

audiences, we provide trusted expertise, access to wide ranging audiences, a nationally scaled sales force, and integrated,

targeted solutions. This expansive portfolio enables us to drive influence and impact consumer behavior throughout the entire

purchase journey.

Digital revenues

Digital revenues at the Newsquest segment were $81.5 million in 2025 compared to $79.3 million in 2024 , which

represented 34% of total Newsquest segment revenues in 2025 , up from 33% in 2024 .

We track our Digital revenues in four main categories: digital advertising, digital marketing services, digital-only

subscription and digital other. Below are descriptions of these categories:

• Digital advertising offerings include direct sold display advertising and programmatic advertising that leverages both

first and third-party data delivered on either our digital products or off-platform as well as classified advertisements

such as auto, employment, real estate, legal, and obituary notifications, which may leverage third party providers.

• Digital marketing services represent our integrated, proprietary marketing platform that helps local businesses build

their online presence through high conversion websites, drives awareness and leads through products such as search

engine optimization and marketing, manages and nurtures leads through our marketing automation platform, and

measures which activities are most effective. Our digital marketing services utilize digital inventory across a number

of third-party websites.

• Digital-only subscription offerings reflect the digital distribution of our publications.

• Digital other revenues are mainly derived from digital content syndication.

Maximizing our digital revenues remains one of our top priorities as we aim to strike the optimal balance between digital

revenue categories. We continue to focus on expanding our content offerings and enhancing our product suite to meet the needs

of our consumers and leverage our expansive organic audience.

Print and commercial revenues

Print and commercial revenues at the Newsquest segment were $156.8 million in 2025 compared to $160.0 million in

2024 , which comprised 66% of total Newsquest segment revenues, down from 67% in 2024 .

We track our Print and commercial revenues in three primary categories: print advertising, print circulation, and

commercial and other. Below are descriptions of the categories:

• Print advertising is mainly derived from local and national advertising runs in our print products, such as our daily or

non-daily publications, and are either display and classified advertising or preprinted inserts.

• Print circulation reflects the sale of both home delivery and single copy sales of our publications.

• Commercial and other reflects revenues generated from commercial printing and distribution arrangements.

In the Newsquest markets, Print circulation revenues are largely single-copy based, with approximately 82% derived from

single-copy sales in 2025 .

Production and distribution

As of December 31, 2025 , the Newsquest segment owned and/or operated four production facilities. By clustering our

publication resources, utilizing excess capacity for commercial work, or outsourcing where cost-beneficial, we seek to reduce

the operating costs of our publications while increasing the quality of our small and mid-size market publications that would

typically not otherwise have access to high quality production facilities at competitive costs. We believe we are able to reduce

future capital expenditure needs by having fewer overall pressrooms and buildings.

The Newsquest segment operates its publishing activities in a similar manner to the USA TODAY Media segment, as

discussed above, through regional and central teams to maximize the use of management, finance, printing, and personnel

resources. This approach allows the business to leverage a variety of back-office and administrative activities to optimize

financial results and enables Newsquest to offer readers and advertisers a range of attractive products across the market.

Competition

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Our Newsquest segment operations and affiliated digital platforms compete for advertising and marketing spend with a

broad range of media and technology companies , including social media platforms, advertising networks, traditional media

outlets, such as direct mail, radio, outdoor advertising, broadcast and cable television, magazines, local, regional and national

newspapers, and other print and online media sources, including local blogs, as well as other programmatic buying channels .

We also compete for circulation and readership against other news and information outlets as well as other content creators,

some of which offer their content free of charge.

Development of opportunities in, and competition from, digital and social media, including websites, mobile applications,

and social products continues to increase. There is very little barrier to entry and often limited capital requirements for new

companies to enter the market with competitive digital products. Additionally, there are times when we are not, and in the

future we may not be, compensated for the use of our original content by third-party digital products and social platforms,

including AI-driven platforms.

The Newsquest segment operates with a focus on audience reach and engagement in the digital media industry through an

emphasis on high quality content and journalism, internal audience development efforts, content distribution programs,

acquisitions, and partnerships. Additionally, the Newsquest segment expects to continue to improve its suite of advertising and

marketing services products through both internal development and partnerships.

LocaliQ segment

Our LocaliQ segment provides digital advertising and marketing products and solutions to help local businesses reach

customers and grow their business. LocaliQ 's cloud-based platform offers a suite of integrated products and solutions for

marketing automation, AI-driven advertising optimization, and customizable reporting. LocaliQ helps businesses build online

presence, drive consumer awareness, manage leads, and measure marketing performance across multiple channels. The

platform is an all-in-one suite of products and solutions that delivers relevant marketing messages to local consumers, helps

optimize marketing budgets, and provides actionable insights to advertisers. The product suite also includes Customer Center

customer interaction activity feed with AI-generated insights.

We believe LocaliQ benefits from several strengths that differentiate it in the digital marketing solutions landscape. Our

scaled sales force, long-standing presence in the communities in which we operate, and vast data accumulated through decades

of campaign management enable us to understand local business needs and consumer behavior. These strengths support

efficient customer acquisition, targeted campaign optimization, and reliable performance - factors that are increasingly

important as digital marketing becomes more complex. We believe we offer a lower cost of acquisition for our customers based

on our extensive data and experience in optimizing campaigns. We also believe we have the technology, the experience, and the

relationships to provide best-in-class metrics.

We believe the LocaliQ segment provides a scalable business model due to its consistent customer budget retention rates,

averaging 95% in 2025 . In addition, we believe that ongoing investment in our core platform and in our product suite are

critical to growing the number of core platform customers. As of December 31, 2025 , our core platform average customer count

was approximately 13,300 at our LocaliQ segment. Refer to "Key Performance Indicators" in "Management's Discussion and

Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" below for further discussion of core platform average customer

count.

LocaliQ Digital marketing services revenues are subject to moderate seasonality due primarily to fluctuations in marketing

budgets for seasonal businesses. We believe the diversification of the product suite will, over time, reduce the impact from

seasonal fluctuations.

Products

Digital marketing requires a holistic view of how online presence, advertising and conversion efforts work together to

achieve results. Our products and solutions work across the USA TODAY NETWORK and major online platforms such as

Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Yelp, Snap, and others. Our products and solutions portfolio offers a simple all-in-one platform

powered by AI and service experts that grows and adapts with the needs of local business owners. LocaliQ identifies the biggest

opportunities across our product suite and provides solutions by recommending the right mix of product features on the

platform and by providing data-driven performance measurement and reporting .

Our products and solutions focus on three key categories local businesses need to manage in order to grow:

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• Get Found: Listings, websites and landing pages, search engine optimization and social media marketing.

• Scaling Their Business: Search engine marketing, display ads, video ads, social ads, targeted email marketing, and

custom promotions. Search engine marketing accounted for 66% of our LocaliQ segment's total revenues for the year

ended December 31, 2025 .

• Converting and Keeping Customers: Customer Center powered by Dash® and chat.

Distribution

We deliver our suite of products and solutions to local businesses through a combination of our proprietary technology

platform, our sales force, and select third-party agencies and resellers. Our LocaliQ segment has sales operations in the U.S.,

Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the U.K., as well as support services in India. During 2025 , approximately 94% of our

LocaliQ segment revenues were generated in North America and the remaining 6% from other international markets. All

LocaliQ segment revenues are digital revenues.

Competition

The market for local online advertising solutions is intensely competitive and rapidly changing. The market is highly

fragmented as there are several smaller companies which provide digital marketing services at highly competitive prices and,

increasingly, we compete with SMB marketing providers who offer solutions tailored for specific verticals. In addition, the

online publishers that we utilize for clients, such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft, generally offer their products and

services through self-service platforms. Many traditional offline media companies also offer online advertising solutions and

have large, direct sales forces and digital publishing properties. Further, a proliferation of marketing automation tools continues

to commoditize the LocaliQ environment while actions from major technology companies have caused challenges to

advertising agencies.

Government regulation

We are subject to a variety of laws, rules, and regulations in numerous jurisdictions within the U.S. and in each of the

countries where we conduct business. These laws, rules, and regulations cover several diverse areas, including environmental

matters, employee health and safety, data and privacy protection, consumer protection and anti-trust provisions. These U.S.

federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to

government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. For example, many jurisdictions have

enacted or are considering enacting privacy or data protection laws and regulations that apply to the processing or protection of

personal information as well as laws and regulations governing the use of AI. Data and privacy protection laws, rules and

regulations are applicable to our businesses and the compliance costs and operational burdens imposed by these laws and

regulations could be significant. As a result of the often rapidly evolving changes, the application, interpretation, and

enforcement of these and other applicable laws and regulations are often uncertain and may be interpreted and applied

inconsistently from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. We are committed to

conducting our business in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations.

Environmental regulation

Our production and distribution facilities are subject to various federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws. Our

operations use inks, solvents, and fuels, for which the use, management, and disposal of certain of these substances are

regulated by environmental agencies. We retain a corporate environmental legal consultant who, along with internal and outside

counsel, provides advice on regulatory compliance and preventive measures. We believe we are in substantial compliance with

all applicable laws and regulations for the protection of the environment and the health and safety of our employees based upon

existing facts presently known to us. Compliance with applicable federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and

regulations relating to the discharge of substances into the environment, the disposal of hazardous wastes, and other related

activities has had, and will continue to have, an impact on our operations but has been accomplished to date without having a

material adverse effect on our operations. While it is difficult to estimate the timing and ultimate costs to be incurred due to

uncertainties about the status of laws, regulations, and technology, based on information currently known to us and insurance

procured with respect to certain environmental matters, we do not expect environmental costs or contingencies to be material or

to have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. Our operations involve risks in these areas, however, and we

cannot provide assurance that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in the future which could adversely affect us. See

also "Item 1A — Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Raw materials

Newsprint, which is one of the raw materials used in our print publications, has been and may continue to be subject to

significant price changes from time to time. During 2025 , we purchased newsprint as well as other specialty paper grades from

13 domestic and global suppliers with three of the mills in the United States. Additionally, during 2025 , 8% of our domestic

newsprint purchases contained recycled content. Our total consumption was approximately 78,000 metric tons in 2025 , a

decrease of 18% from 2024 , which included consumption by our owned and operated print sites, third-party printing sites, and

Newsquest, and includes consumption for USA TODAY Co. products as well as products printed commercially for third-

parties. Newsprint capacity, including the number of newsprint suppliers, has been impacted by the closure and consolidation of

newsprint mills and the conversion of newsprint mills to other products or grades of paper. North American suppliers are

becoming a larger share of the global market. The domestic supply of newsprint is susceptible to supply chain disruptions and

pricing volatility tied to economic and geopolitical factors, including tariffs and retaliatory tariffs. In addition, the availability

and price of newsprint is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, which are described more fully under "Item 1A — Risk

Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Macroeconomic environment

We are exposed to certain risks and uncertainties caused by factors beyond our control, including, among other things,

trade policy, inflation, interest rates, housing demand, employment levels, and consumer confidence, as well as economic and

political instability and other geopolitical events. We believe that these uncertain economic conditions have adversely impacted

and may continue to have an adverse impact on our revenues, and the occurrence of these factors has resulted in a reduction in

demand for our print and digital advertising, reduced the rates for our advertising, and caused marketers to shift, reduce or stop

spend.

We are exposed to potential increases in interest rates associated with our $900.0 million five-year first lien term loan

facility, which as of December 31, 2025 , accounted for approximately 75% of our outstanding debt, as well as fluctuations in

foreign currency exchange rates, primarily related to our operations in the U.K. We expect continued uncertainty and volatility

in the U.S. and global economies which will continue to impact our business. See "Item 1A — Risk Factors" in this Annual

Report on Form 10-K.

Seasonality

We experience seasonality in our revenues. The USA TODAY Media segment typically witnesses the greatest impact from

seasonality in the third quarter, primarily attributed to reduced population in seasonal markets and decreased holiday related

spending. The LocaliQ segment generally experiences the greatest impact from seasonality in the first half of the fiscal year,

which can be attributed to the advertising needs of specific verticals, which are generally lower in the first half of the year.

Human capital resources

We believe our employees represent our greatest asset and the foundation of our business, making day-to-day operations

possible while driving future success. Nurturing a broad range of experiences, opinions, perspectives and capabilities aligned to

our shared values, our people enable our organization to deliver value to our customers and communities.

Enabling a positive experience for all employees remains a top priority at USA TODAY Co. Aligned to our purpose, we

endeavor to provide engaging work and to foster a learning culture that supports our employees' ability to reach their goals and

continue to develop new skills and capabilities. We invest in leadership development to enable managers to build strong team-

based connections and to support effective manager and employee dialogue. Culture building is a priority on a local, divisional

and enterprise level. Our efforts include encouraging volunteer participation in our employee-led employee resource groups

("ERGs"), with thirteen active ERGs operating in the Company as of December 31, 2025 . ERG leaders set annual goals to

nurture our "Career, Culture, Company, and Community" objectives that help guide topics for programming and live

discussions. Our programming and consistent communication across our entire workforce includes intersectional ERG events,

monthly town hall meetings with our Chief Executive Officer and senior leadership, and many communication channels,

including, for example, our bi-monthly "Focused Leader" guide, and our monthly "Together" employee newsletter, which

shares strategies on topics such as hybrid working, staying socially and professionally connected, and highlighting individual

employee career progression stories.

Throughout the year we engage employees through lifecycle milestones to maintain a clear pulse on their experience,

including their challenges, aspirations and accomplishments. Annually, the performance management process begins with goal

setting and includes structure for regular manager feedback and coaching. We incorporate individual development plans to

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assist with the career growth and learning plans for employees. During 2025, we continued to focus on enabling management

effectiveness by sharing specific programs, tools, forums, and communications for managers. We also implemented tailored

mentoring programs to further enable the career elevation progress.

As of December 31, 2025 , we employed approximately 7,500 employees in the U.S., of which approximately 15% were

represented by labor unions, most of which were affiliated with one of six unions. As of December 31, 2025 , there were

approximately 2,000 employees outside of the U.S., including approximately 1,800 employed by Newsquest in the U.K. Our

U.K. subsidiaries bargain with two unions over working practices, wages, and health and safety issues. Most of our unionized

employees work under collective bargaining agreements. As of December 31, 2025 , there were approximately 78 existing

collective bargaining agreements and one bargaining unit negotiating an initial contract. While we have experienced isolated

work stoppages from time to time, we believe relations with our employees are generally good.

Sustainability initiatives

As a leading media organization, our longstanding corporate social responsibility position is driven by our deep

commitment to the communities we serve. We are focused on maintaining ethical and responsible business practices that

positively impact the world. Essential to USA TODAY Co. 's mission of empowering communities to thrive are the pillars of

our corporate social responsibility platform. We strive to minimize our environmental impact through sustainable business

practices for sourcing, consumption, and waste. We have implemented several initiatives to reduce our use of water, recover

and recycle electricity and fossil fuels when possible, and pursue green energy options where available and we strive to

incorporate sustainability throughout our supply usage and supply chain. In addition, we continue to reduce the number of

printing presses in operation by consolidating print operations, and we are also focused on reducing the square footage of our

office space through the consolidation of offices, in many cases, to more energy efficient spaces. We have implemented best-in-

class carbon accounting software, which has enhanced our ability to collect emissions data across a broader range of assets and

scopes. We recognize that establishing a comprehensive carbon footprint baseline is essential to identifying and implementing

effective emissions-reduction strategies.

We continue to harness employee enthusiasm through Sustainability Forward, an employee resource group focused on

bringing together a community of employees who are passionate about sustainability topics. The group aims to align initiatives

and efforts that support our commitment to sustainability, climate, people, and communities. In 2025 , the group hosted monthly

meetings, community initiatives, and company-wide events and training focused on education and climate change solutions.

Corporate governance and public information

The address of USA TODAY Co. 's website is www.usatodayco.com. Stockholders can access a wide variety of

information on USA TODAY Co. ' s website, under the "Investor Relations" tab, including corporate governance information,

news releases, Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings, and information USA TODAY Co. is required to post

online pursuant to applicable SEC and New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") rules. USA TODAY Co. makes available via its

website all filings it makes under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K, as

well as any related amendments as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. All such

filings are available free of charge. The content of, or information available on, USA TODAY Co. 's website and any other

website referred to in this report are not a part of, and are not incorporated by reference into, this report unless expressly noted

otherwise.

Use of website to distribute material company information

The Company's website address is www.usatodayco.com. The Company uses its website as a channel of distribution for

important company information and we use the investors.usatodayco.com website as a means of disclosing information that

may be deemed to be material to investors and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Important

information, including press releases, analyst and other presentations, transcripts, and financial information regarding the

Company, is routinely posted on and accessible on the Investor Relations and News and Events subpages of its website, which

are accessible by clicking on the tabs labeled "Investor Relations" and "News and Events," respectively, on the website home

page. The Company also uses its website to expedite public access to time-critical information regarding the Company in

advance of or in lieu of distributing a press release or a filing with the SEC disclosing the same information. Therefore,

investors should look to the Investor Relations, and News and Events subpages of the Company's website for important and

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time-critical information. Visitors to the Company's website can also register to receive automatic e-mail and other notifications

alerting them when new information is made available on the Company's website.

The contents of our website are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in

any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual

references only.

References

(b) Newsquest used Adobe Analytics to identify unique visitors between January 2025 and December 2025