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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.02pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.04pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.00pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
decline+1
unpaid+1
Positive rising
No words rose this year.
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
7,175 words
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other documents we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material but are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties, such as overall U.S. and non-U.S. economic and industry conditions including a global economic , geopolitical events, changes in laws or accounting rules, fluctuations in interest and exchange rates, terrorism, international , major health including global pandemics, natural , or other of expected economic and business conditions, that affect many other companies. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may impact our business operations and liquidity.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
anomalies+1
defend+1
Positive rising
efficiency+2
benefited+2
benefit+1
beautiful+1
MD&A (Item 7)
4,434 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations
We generate substantially all of our revenues from contracts with the federal government. If the federal government significantly decreased or ceased doing business with us, our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
The federal government is our primary customer, with revenues from federal government contracts, either as a prime contractor or a subcontractor, accounting for 95.7% and 95.1% of our total revenues in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. Specifically, we generated 75.4% and 74.4% of our total revenues in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively, from contracts with agencies of the DoD. We expect that federal government contracts will continue to be the primary source of our revenues for the foreseeable future. If we were suspended or debarred from contracting with the federal government or any significant agency in the Intelligence Community (IC) or the DoD, if our reputation or relationship with government agencies was impaired, or if the government otherwise ceased doing business with us or significantly decreased the amount of business it does with us, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
Our business could be adversely affected by delays caused by our competitors protesting major contract awards received by us, resulting in the delay of the initiation of work.
The number of bid protests of contract awards by unsuccessful bidders is increasing and the U.S. government is taking longer to resolve such protests. Bid protests may result in an increase in expenses related to obtaining contract awards or an unfavorable modification or loss of an award. In the event a bid protest is unsuccessful, the resulting delay in the startup and funding of the work under these contracts may cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our business could be adversely affected by changes in spending levels or budgetary priorities of the federal government.
Because we derive substantially all of our revenues from contracts with the federal government, we believe that the success and development of our business will continue to depend on our successful participation in federal government contract programs. Changes in federal government budgetary priorities, such as for homeland security or to address global pandemics, or actions taken to address government budget deficits, the national debt, or prevailing economic conditions, could directly affect our financial performance. A significant decline in government expenditures, a shift of expenditures away from programs that we support or a change in federal government contracting policies could cause federal government agencies to reduce their purchases under contracts, to exercise their right to terminate contracts at any time without penalty or not to exercise options to renew contracts. For further discussion, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations” in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At times, we may continue to work without funding, and use our own internal funds in order to meet our customers' desired delivery dates for Expertise or Technology. It is uncertain at this time which of our programs’ funding could be reduced in future years or whether new legislation will be passed by Congress in the next fiscal year that could result in additional or alternative funding cuts.
Additionally, our business could be affected if we experience an increase in set-asides for small businesses that could result in our inability to compete directly for prime contracts.
Our federal government contracts may be terminated by the government at any time and may contain other provisions permitting the government not to continue with contract performance, and if lost contracts are not replaced, our operating results may differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We generate substantially all of our revenues from federal government contracts that typically include a base period and discrete option periods. The option periods typically cover more than half of the contract’s potential duration. Federal government agencies generally have the right not to exercise these option periods. In addition, our contracts typically also contain provisions permitting a government customer to terminate the contract for its convenience. A decision not to exercise option periods or to terminate contracts for convenience could result in significant revenue shortfalls from those anticipated.
Federal government contracts contain numerous provisions that are unfavorable to us.
Federal government contracts contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that give the government rights and remedies, some of which are not typically found in commercial contracts, including allowing the government to:
• cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable;
• claim rights in systems and software developed by us;
• suspend or debar us from doing business with the federal government or with a governmental agency;
• impose fines and penalties and subject us to criminalprosecution; and
• control or prohibit the export of our data and technology.
If the government terminates a contract for convenience, we may recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses, and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, we may be unable to recover even those amounts and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items and services from another source. Depending on the value of a contract, such termination could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated. Certain contracts also contain organizational conflict of interest (OCI) clauses that limit our ability to compete for or perform certain other contracts. OCIs arise any time we engage in activities that (i) make us unable or potentially unable to render impartial assistance or advice to the government; (ii) impair or might impair our objectivity in performing contract work; or (iii) provide us with an unfair competitive advantage. For example, when we work on the design of a particular system, we may be precluded from competing for the contract to develop and install that system. Depending upon the value of the matters affected, an OCI issue that precludes our participation in or performance of a program or contract could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
As is common with government contractors, we have experienced and continue to experience occasional performance issues under certain of our contracts. Depending upon the value of the matters affected, a performance problem that impacts our performance of a program or contract could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
If we fail to establish and maintain important relationships with government entities and agencies, our ability to successfully bid for new business may be adversely affected.
To facilitate our ability to prepare bids for new business, we rely in part on establishing and maintaining relationships with officials of various government entities and agencies. These relationships enable us to provide informal input and advice to government entities and agencies prior to the development of a formal bid. We may be unable to successfully maintain our relationships with government entities and agencies, and any failure to do so may adversely affect our ability to bid successfully for new business and could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We derive significant revenues from contracts and task orders awarded through a competitive bidding process. If we are unable to consistently win new awards over any extended period, our business and prospects will be adversely affected.
Our contracts and task orders with the federal government are typically awarded through a competitive bidding process. We expect that much of the business that we will seek in the foreseeable future will continue to be awarded through competitive bidding. Budgetary pressures and changes in the procurement process have caused many government customers to increasingly purchase goods and services through IDIQ contracts, GSA schedule contracts and other government-wide acquisition contracts. These contracts, some of which are awarded to multiple contractors, have increased competition and pricing pressure, requiring that we make sustained post-award efforts to realize revenues under each such contract. In addition, in consideration of the practice of agencies awarding work under such contracts that is arguably outside the intended scope of the contracts, both the GSA and the DoD have initiated programs aimed to ensure that all work fits properly within the scope of the contract under which it is awarded. The net effect of such programs may reduce the number of bidding opportunities available to us. Moreover, even if we are highly qualified to work on a particular new contract, we might not be awarded business because of the federal government’s policy and practice of maintaining a diverse contracting base.
This competitive bidding process presents a number of risks, including the following:
• we bid on programs before the completion of their design, which may result in unforeseen technological difficulties and cost overruns;
• we expend substantial cost and managerial time and effort to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that we may not win;
• we may be unable to estimate accurately the resources and cost structure that will be required to service any contract we win; and
• we may encounter expense and delay if our competitors protest or challenge awards of contracts to us in competitive bidding, and any such protest or challenge could result in the resubmission of bids on modified specifications, or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract.
If we are unable to win particular multi-year contracts, we may be prevented from providing to customers services that are purchased under those contracts for a number of years. If we are unable to consistently win new contract awards over any extended period, our business and prospects will be adversely affected and that could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated. In addition, upon the expiration of a contract, if the customer requires further services of the type provided by the contract, there is frequently a competitive rebidding process. There can be no assurance that we will win any particular bid, or that we will be able to replace business lost upon expiration or completion of a contract, and the termination or non-renewal of any of our significant contracts could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our business may suffer if we or our employees are unable to obtain the security clearances or other qualifications needed to perform services for our customers.
Many of our federal government contracts require us to have security clearances and employ personnel with specified levels of education, work experience, and security clearances. Depending on the level of clearance, security clearances can be difficult and time-consuming to obtain. If we or our employees lose or are unable to obtain necessary security clearances, we may not be able to win new business and our existing customers could terminate their contracts with us or decide not to renew them. To the extent we cannot obtain or maintain the required security clearances for our employees working on a particular contract, we may not generate the revenues anticipated from the contract which could cause our results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
If our subcontractors fail to perform their contractual obligations, our performance as a prime contractor and our ability to obtain future business could be materially and adversely impacted and our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our performance of government contracts may involve the issuance of subcontracts to other companies upon which we rely to perform all or a portion of the work we are obligated to deliver to our customers. A failure by one or more of our subcontractors to satisfactorily deliver on a timely basis the agreed-upon supplies, perform the agreed-upon services, or appropriately manage their vendors may materially and adversely impact our ability to perform our obligations as a prime contractor.
A subcontractor’s performance deficiency could result in the government terminating our contract for default. A defaulttermination could expose us to liability for excess costs of re-procurement by the government and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and task orders. Depending upon the level of problem experienced, such problems with subcontractors could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
The federal government’s appropriation process and other factors may delay the collection of our receivables, and our business may be adversely affected if we cannot collect our receivables in a timely manner.
We depend on the collection of our receivables to generate cash flow, provide working capital, pay debt, and continue our business operations. If the federal government, any of our other customers, or any prime contractor for whom we are a subcontractor fails to pay or delays the payment of their outstanding invoices for any reason, our business and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. The government may fail to pay outstanding invoices for a number of reasons, including lack of appropriated funds or lack of an approved budget. In addition, the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) may revoke our direct billing privileges, which would adversely affect our ability to collect our receivables in a timely manner. Contracting officers have the authority to impose contractual withholdings, which can also adversely affect our ability to collect timely. The Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations require DoD contracting officers to impose contractual withholdings at no less than certain minimum levels if a contracting officer determines that one or more of a contractor’s business systems have one or more significant deficiencies. Some prime contractors for whom we are a subcontractor have significantly fewer financial resources than we do, which may increase the risk that we may not be paid in full or payment may be delayed. If we experience difficulties collecting receivables, it could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
The federal government may change its procurement or other practices in a manner adverse to us.
The federal government may change its procurement practices, or adopt new contracting rules and regulations, such as those related to cost accounting standards. It could also adopt new contracting methods relating to GSA contracts or other government-wide contracts, adopt new socio-economic requirements, or change the basis upon which it reimburses our compensation and other expenses or otherwise limit such reimbursements. In all such cases, there is uncertainty surrounding the changes and what actual impacts they may have on contractors. These changes could impair our ability to obtain new contracts or win re-competed contracts or adversely affect our future profit margin. Any new contracting methods could be costly or administratively difficult for us to satisfy and, as a result, could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Restrictions on or other changes to the federal government’s use of service contracts may harm our operating results.
We derive a significant amount of revenues from service contracts with the federal government. The government may face restrictions from new legislation, regulations, or government union pressures, on the nature and amount of services the government may obtain from private contractors (i.e., insourcing versus outsourcing). Any reduction in the government’s use of private contractors to provide federal services could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our contracts and administrative processes and systems are subject to audits and cost adjustments by the federal government, which could reduce our revenues, disrupt our business, or otherwise adversely affect our operating results.
Federal government agencies, including the DCAA and the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), routinely audit and investigate government contracts and government contractors’ administrative processes and systems. These agencies review our performance on contracts, pricing practices, cost structure, and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. They also evaluate the adequacy of internal controls over our business systems, including our purchasing, accounting, estimating, earned value management, and government property systems. Any costs found to be improperly allocated or assigned to contracts will not be reimbursed, and any such costs already reimbursed must be refunded and certain penalties may be imposed. Moreover, if any of the administrative processes and systems are found not to comply with requirements, we may be subjected to increased government scrutiny and approval that could delay or otherwise adversely affect our ability to compete for or perform contracts or collect our revenues in a timely manner. Therefore, an unfavorable outcome of an audit by the DCAA or another government agency could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated. If a government investigationuncoversimproper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil and criminalpenalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeitures of profits, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from doing business with the federal government. In addition, we could sufferserious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us. Each of these results could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Failure to maintain strong relationships with other contractors could result in a decline in our revenues.
We derive substantial revenues from contracts in which we act as a subcontractor or from teaming arrangements in which we and other contractors bid on particular contracts or programs. As a subcontractor or teammate, we often lack control over fulfillment of a contract, and poor performance on the contract could impact our customer relationship, even when we perform as required. We expect to continue to depend on relationships with other contractors for a portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. Moreover, our revenues and operating results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated if any prime contractor or teammate chose to offer directly to the customer services of the type that we provide or if they team with other companies to provide those services.
We may not receive the full amounts authorized under the contracts included in our backlog, which could reduce our revenues in future periods below the levels anticipated.
Our total backlog consists of funded and unfunded amounts. Funded backlog represents contract value for which funding has been appropriated less revenues previously recognized on these contracts. Unfunded backlog represents estimated values that have the potential to be recognized into revenue from executed contracts for which funding has not been appropriated and unexercised contract options. Our backlog may not result in actual revenues in any particular period, or at all, which could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
The maximum contract value specified under a government contract or task order awarded to us is not necessarily indicative of the revenues that we will realize under that contract. For example, we generate a substantial portion of our revenues from government contracts in which we are not the sole provider, meaning that the government could turn to other companies to fulfill the contract. We also generate revenues from IDIQ contracts, which do not require the government to purchase a pre-determined amount of goods or services under the contract. Action by the government to obtain support from other contractors or failure of the government to order the quantity of work anticipated could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Without additional Congressional appropriations, some of the contracts included in our backlog will remain unfunded, which could materially and adversely affect our future operating results.
Many of our federal government contracts include multi-year performance periods in which Congress appropriates funds on an annual basis. As a result, a majority of our contracts are only partially funded at any point during their full performance period and unfunded contract work is subject to future appropriations by Congress. As a result of a lack of appropriated funds or efforts to reduce federal government spending, our backlog may not result in revenues or may be delayed. We calculate our unfunded backlog based on the aggregate contract revenues that we have the potential to realize. If our backlog estimate is inaccurate and we fail to realize those amounts as revenues, our future operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Employee misconduct, including security breaches, could result in the loss of customers and our suspension or debarment from contracting with the federal government.
We may be unable to prevent our employees from engaging in misconduct, fraud or other improper activities that could adversely affect our business and reputation. Misconduct could include the failure to comply with federal government procurement regulations, regulations regarding the protection of classified information, and legislation regarding the pricing of labor and other costs in government contracts. Many of the systems we develop involve managing and protecting information involved in national security and other sensitive government functions. A security breach in one of these systems could prevent us from having access to such critically sensitive systems. Other examples of employee misconduct could include timecard fraud and violations of the Anti-Kickback Act. The precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective, and we could face unknown risks or losses. As a result of employee misconduct, we could face fines and penalties, loss of security clearance, and suspension or debarment from contracting with the federal government, which could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our failure to attract and retain qualified employees, including our senior management team, could adversely affect our business.
Our continued success depends to a substantial degree on our ability to recruit and retain the technically skilled personnel we need to serve our customers effectively. Our business involves the development of tailored solutions for our customers, a process that relies heavily upon the expertise and services of our employees. Accordingly, our employees are our most valuable resource. Competition for skilled personnel is intense, and technology companies often experience high attrition among their skilled employees. There is a shortage of people capable of filling these positions and they are likely to remain a limited resource for the foreseeable future. Recruiting and training these personnel require substantial resources. Our failure to attract and retain technical personnel could increase our costs of performing our contractual obligations, reduce our ability to efficientlysatisfy our customers’ needs, limit our ability to win new business, and cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
In addition to attracting and retaining qualified technical personnel, we believe that our success will depend on the continued employment of our senior management team and its ability to generate new business and execute projects successfully. Our senior management team is very important to our business because personal reputations and individual business relationships are a critical element of obtaining and maintaining customer engagements in our industry, particularly with agencies performing classified operations. The loss of any of our senior executives could cause us to lose customer relationships or new business opportunities, which could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our markets are highly competitive, and many of the companies we compete against have substantially greater resources.
The markets in which we operate include a large number of participants and are highly competitive. Many of our competitors may compete more effectively than we can because they are larger, better financed, and better known companies than we are. In order to stay competitive in our industry, we must also keep pace with changing technologies and customer preferences. If we are unable to differentiate our services from those of our competitors, our revenues may decline. In addition, our competitors have established relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase their ability to address customer needs. As a result, new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and compete more effectively than we can. There is also a significant industry trend towards consolidation, which may result in the emergence of companies which are betterable to compete against us. The results of these competitive pressures could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our quarterly revenues and operating results could be volatile due to the unpredictability of the federal government’s budgeting process and policy priorities.
Our quarterly revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly and unpredictably in the future. In particular, if the federal government does not adopt, or delays adoption of, a budget for each fiscal year beginning on October 1, or fails to pass a CR, federal agencies may be forced to suspend our contracts and delay the award of new and follow-on contracts and orders due to a lack of funding. Further, the rate at which the federal government procures technology may be negatively affected following changes in presidential administrations and senior government officials. Therefore, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be a good indication of our future performance.
Our quarterly operating results may not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which in turn may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
An increase in the prices of goods and services could raise the costs associated with providing our services, diminish our ability to compete for new contracts or task orders and reduce customer buying power.
We may experience an increase in the costs in our supply and labor markets due to global inflationary pressures and other various geopolitical factors. We generate a portion of our revenues through various fixed-price and multi-year government contracts which anticipate moderate increases in costs over the term of the contract. With the current pace of inflation our standard approach to moderate annual price escalations in our bids for multi-year work may be insufficient to counter inflationary cost pressures. This could result in reduced profits, or even losses, as inflation increases, particularly for fixed-priced contracts and our longer-term multi-year contracts. In the competitive environment in which we operate as a government contractor, the lack of pricing leverage and ability to renegotiate long-term, multi-year contracts could reduce our profits, disrupt our business, or otherwise materially adversely affect our results of operations.
We may lose money or generate less than anticipated profits if we do not accurately estimate the cost of an engagement which is conducted on a fixed-price basis.
We generated 26.3% and 27.3% of our total revenues in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively, from fixed-price contracts. Fixed-price contracts require us to price our contracts by predicting our expenditures in advance. In addition, some of our engagements obligate us to provide ongoing maintenance and other supporting or ancillary services on a fixed-price basis or with limitations on our ability to increase prices. Many of our engagements are also on a time-and-materials basis. While these types of contracts are generally subject to less uncertainty than fixed-price contracts, to the extent that our actual labor costs are higher than the contract rates, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
When making proposals for engagements on a fixed-price basis, we rely on our estimates of costs and timing for completing the projects. These estimates reflect our best judgment regarding our capability to complete the task efficiently. Any increased or unexpected costs or unanticipateddelays in connection with the performance of fixed-price contracts, including delays caused by factors outside of our control, could make these contracts less profitable or unprofitable. From time to time, unexpected costs and unanticipateddelays have caused us to incur losses on fixed-price contracts, primarily in connection with state government customers. On rare occasions, these losses have been significant. In the event that we encounter such problems in the future, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our earnings and margins may vary based on the mix of our contracts and programs.
At June 30, 2025, our backlog included cost reimbursable, time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Cost reimbursable and time-and-materials contracts generally have lower profit margins than fixed-price contracts. Our earnings and margins may therefore vary materially and adversely depending on the relative mix of contract types, the costs incurred in their performance, the achievement of other performance objectives, and the stage of performance at which the right to receive fees, particularly under incentive and award fee contracts, is finally determined.
Risks Related to our Acquisitions
We may have difficulty identifying and executing acquisitions on favorable terms and therefore may grow at a slower rate than we historically have grown.
One of our key growth strategies has been to selectively pursue acquisitions. Through acquisitions, we have expanded our base of federal government customers, increased the range of solutions we offer to our customers and deepened our penetration of existing markets and customers. We may encounter difficulty identifying and executing suitable acquisitions. To the extent that management is involved in identifying acquisition opportunities or integrating new acquisitions into our business, our management may be diverted from operating our core business. Without acquisitions, we may not grow as rapidly as we historically have grown, which could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated. We may encounter other risks in executing our acquisition strategy, including:
• increased competition for acquisitions may increase the costs of our acquisitions;
• our failure to discover material liabilities during the due diligence process, including the failure of prior owners of any acquired businesses or their employees to comply with applicable laws or regulations, such as the Federal Acquisition Regulation and health, safety, and environmental laws, or their failure to fulfill their contractual obligations to the federal government or other customers; and
• acquisition financing may not be available on reasonable terms or at all.
Each of these types of risks could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We may have difficulty integrating the operations of any companies we acquire, which could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from what we anticipated.
The success of our acquisition strategy will depend upon our ability to continue to successfully integrate any businesses we may acquire in the future. The integration of these businesses into our operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties, absorb significant management attention and require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business. These integration difficulties include the integration of personnel with disparate business backgrounds, the transition to new information systems, coordination of geographically dispersed organizations, loss of key employees of acquired companies, and reconciliation of different corporate cultures. For these or other reasons, we may be unable to retain key customers of acquired companies. Moreover, any acquired business may fail to generate the revenues or net income we expected or produce the efficiencies or cost-savings we anticipated. Any of these outcomes could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We have substantial investments in goodwill as a result of prior acquisitions, and changes in future business conditions could cause these investments to become impaired, requiring substantial write-downs that would reduce our operating income.
As of June 30, 2025, goodwill accounts for $5.0 billion of our total assets. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill amounts annually or when evidence of potential impairment exists. The annual impairment test is based on several factors requiring judgment. Principally, a decrease in expected reporting unit cash flows or changes in market conditions may indicate potential impairment of goodwill. If there is an impairment, we would be required to write down the amount of goodwill, which would be reflected as a charge against operating income.
Risks Related to our Indebtedness
Our senior secured credit facility (the Credit Facility), senior secured term loan (Term Loan B Facility), and senior unsecured notes (2033 Notes) impose certain restrictions on our ability to take certain actions which may have an impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
The Credit Facility, Term Loan B Facility, and 2033 Notes impose certain operating and financial restrictions on us and requires us to meet certain financial covenants. These restrictions may significantly limit or prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions, and include the following:
• incurring or guaranteeing certain amounts of additional debt;
• paying dividends or other distributions to our stockholders or redeeming, repurchasing, or retiring our capital stock in excess of specific limits;
• making certain investments, loans, and advances;
• granting liens or other security interests to third parties, creating liens to secure indebtedness, and exceeding specific levels of liens on our assets;
• issuing or selling equity in our subsidiaries;
• transforming or selling certain assets currently held by us, including certain sale and lease-back transactions;
• prepaying certain subordinated indebtedness;
• amending or modifying certain agreements, including those related to indebtedness; and
• engaging in certain mergers, consolidations, or acquisitions.
The failure to comply with any of these covenants would cause a default under our debt instruments through cross-default provisions. A default, if not waived, could cause our debt to become immediately due and payable. In such situations, we may not be able to repay our debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it, and even if new financing is available, it may not contain terms that are acceptable to us.
We have been in compliance with all covenants since inception of the Credit Facility, Term Loan B Facility, and 2033 Notes.
Despite our outstanding debt, we may incur additional indebtedness.
The Credit Facility consists of a $1,975.0 million revolving credit facility (the Revolving Facility) and a $1,225.0 million term loan facility (the Term Loan). The Revolving Facility has sub-facilities of $100.0 million for same-day swing line loan borrowings and $25.0 million for stand-by letters of credit. The Credit Facility has an accordion feature that may provide additional borrowings. As of June 30, 2025, $124.5 million was outstanding under the Revolving Facility. The terms of our debt allow us to incur additional indebtedness from other sources so long as we satisfy the respective covenants. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the risks related to our ability to service that debt could increase.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.
Our business may not generate cash flow from operations sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt, or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive.
A change in control or fundamental change may adversely affect us.
The Credit Facility and Term Loan B Facility provide that certain change in control events will constitute a default. The 2033 Notes provide that upon the occurrence of certain change in control events accompanied by a ratings decline, the Company may be required to repurchase outstanding notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of 101% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.
Risks Related to our Operations
We must comply with a variety of laws and regulations, and our failure to comply could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated.
We must observe laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of federal government contracts which affect how we do business with our customers and may impose added costs on our business. For example, the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the industrial security regulations of the DoD and related laws include provisions that:
• allow our federal government customers to terminate or not renew our contracts if we come under foreign ownership, control, or influence;
• require us to divest work if an OCI related to such work cannot be mitigated to the government’s satisfaction;
• require us to disclose and certify cost and pricing data in connection with contract negotiations; and
• require us to prevent unauthorized access to classified information, covered defense information, and controlled unclassified information.
Our failure to comply with these or other laws and regulations could result in contract termination, loss of security clearances, suspension or debarment from contracting with the federal government, civil fines and damages and criminalprosecution, and penalties, any of which could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Systems failures may disrupt our business and have an adverse effect on our operating results.
Any systems failures, including network, software, or hardware failures, whether caused by us, a third party service provider, unauthorized intruders and hackers, computer viruses, natural disasters, power shortages, or terrorist attacks, could cause loss of data or interruptions or delays in our business or that of our customers. Like other global companies, we have experienced cyber security threats to our data and systems, our company sensitive information, and our IT infrastructure, including malware and computer virus attacks, unauthorized access, systems failures, and temporary disruptions. Prior cyber attacks directed at us have not had a material adverse impact on our business or our financial results, and we believe that our continuing commitment toward threat detection and mitigation processes and procedures will reduce such impact in the future. Due to the evolving nature of these security threats, however, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. In addition, the failure or disruption of our mail, communications or utilities could cause us to interrupt or suspend our operations or otherwise harm our business. Our property and business interruption insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all losses that may occur as a result of any system or operational failure or disruption and, as a result, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
The systems and networks that we maintain for our customers, although highly redundant in their design, could also fail. If a system or network we maintain were to fail or experience service interruptions, we might experience loss of revenues or face claims for damages or contract termination. Our errors and omissions liability insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all the damages that we might incur and, as a result, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Customer systems failures could damage our reputation and adversely affect our operating results.
Many of the systems that we develop, integrate, maintain, otherwise support or use involve managing and protecting intelligence, national security, and other sensitive government information. While we have programs designed to protect such information and comply with all relevant privacy and security requirements, the threats that our clients face have grown more frequent and sophisticated. A security breach or system failure in a system that we develop, integrate, maintain or otherwise support could result in a loss of revenues, remediation costs, claims for damages or contract termination and our errors and omissions liability insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all the damages that we might incur. Any such event could also cause seriousdamage to our reputation and prevent us from having access to or being eligible for further work on such sensitive systems for U.S. government customers.
In addition, in order to provide services to our customers, we often depend upon or use customer systems that are supported by the customer or third parties. Any security breach or system failure in such systems could result in an interruption of our customers' operations, significant delays under a contract, and a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our operations involve several risks and hazards, including potential dangers to our employees and to third parties that are inherent in aspects of our federal business (e.g., counterterrorism training services). If these risks and hazards are not adequately insured, it could adversely affect our operating results.
Our federal business includes the maintenance of global networks and the provision of special operations services (e.g., counterterrorism training) that require us to dispatch employees to various countries around the world. These countries may be experiencing political upheaval or unrest, and in some cases war or terrorism. It is possible that certain of our employees will sufferinjury or bodily harm, or be killed or kidnapped in the course of these deployments. We could also encounter unexpected costs for reasons beyond our control in connection with the repatriation of our employees. Any of these types of accidents or other incidents could involve significant potential claims of employees and third parties who are injured or killed or who may have wrongful death or similar claimsagainst us.
We maintain insurance policies that mitigate against risk and potential liabilities related to our operations. This insurance is maintained in amounts that we believe are reasonable. Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover those claims or liabilities, however, and we may be forced to bear significant costs from an accident or incident. Substantial claims in excess of our related insurance coverage could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Our failure to adequately protect our confidential information and proprietary rights may harm our competitive position.
Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to protect our proprietary information. Although our employees are subject to confidentiality obligations, this protection may be inadequate to determisappropriation of our proprietary information. In addition, we may be unable to detect unauthorized use of our proprietary information in order to take appropriate steps to enforce our rights. If we are unable to prevent third parties from infringing or misappropriating our proprietary information, our competitive position could be harmed and our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We face additional risks which could harm our business because we have International Operations.
We conduct the majority of our International Operations in the U.K. and the Netherlands. As a percentage of our total revenues, our International Operations generated 3.0% and 3.0% in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our International Operations are subject to risks associated with operating in a foreign country. These risks include fluctuations in the value of the British pound and the Euro, longer payment cycles, changes in foreign tax laws and regulations, and unexpected legislative, regulatory, economic or political changes.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is provided to enhance the understanding of, and should be read together with, our consolidated financial statements, and the Notes to those statements that appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Unless otherwise specifically noted, all years refer to our fiscal year which ends on June 30.
In this section, we discuss our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of our operations for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. For a discussion and analysis comparing our results for fiscal 2024 to fiscal 2023, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2024, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2024, under Part II, Item 7.
Overview
We are a leading provider of Expertise and Technology to customers in support of national security in the intelligence, defense, and federal civilian sectors, both domestically and internationally. The demand for our Expertise and Technology is largely driven by the evolving national security and geopolitical environment, the increasingly complex network, systems, and information environments in which governments and businesses operate, and the ongoing need to stay current with emerging technologies.
Some of our key initiatives include the following:
• Continue to grow organic revenues across our large, addressable market;
• Deliver strongprofitability and robust cash flow;
• Differentiate ourselves through our investments, including our strategic mergers and acquisition program, allowing us to enhance our current capabilities and create new customer access points;
• Recruit, hire, train, and retain a world class workforce to execute on our growing backlog; and
• Continue our unwavering commitment to our customers while supporting the communities in which we work and live.
Budgetary Environment
We carefully follow federal budget, legislative and contracting trends and activities and evolve our strategies to take these into consideration. While future levels of defense and non-defense spending may vary and are difficult to project, we believe that there continues to be bipartisan support for defense and national security-related spending, particularly given the heightened current global threat environment.
While we view the budget environment as constructive and believe there is bipartisan support for continued investment in the areas of defense and national security, it is uncertain when (and if) in any particular government fiscal year (GFY) that appropriations bills will be passed. During those periods of time when appropriations bills have not been passed and signed into law, government agencies operate under a CR, a temporary measure that typically allows the government to continue operations at prior year funding levels. On March 15, 2025, President Trump signed a CR that extended government funding through September 30, 2025, the remainder of GFY25 (a full-year CR). This is the first time that the Department of Defense (DoD) has been funded by a full-year CR, and this latest CR has some anomalies included that make it different than a typical CR, including (i) new appropriation levels were established rather than using the GFY24 levels (e.g., defense spending raised to $893 billion, which is just under the $895 billion President Biden requested for GFY25), (ii) DoD is allowed to start certain new programs, and (iii) DoD was given expanded transfer authority to reallocate funding between different accounts.
Depending on their scope, duration, and other factors, CRs can negatively impact our business due to delays in new program starts, delays in contract award decisions, and other factors. When a CR expires, unless appropriations bills have been passed by Congress and signed by the President, or a new CR is passed and signed into law, the government must cease operations, or shutdown, except in certain emergency situations or when the law authorizes continued activity. We continuously review our operations in an attempt to identify programs potentially at risk from CRs so that we can consider appropriate contingency plans.
On May 2, 2025, President Trump submitted the GFY26 Presidential Budget Request (PBR) to Congress, which held defense spending at the GFY25 enacted level (a full-year CR) of $893 billion. On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), which provides additional funding above and beyond the PBR. The OBBBA is a reconciliation bill, which is separate from the usual government funding legislation that Congress will still need to pass before October 1, 2025 or pass a CR. The OBBBA provides immediate funding for specified parts of the government, including approximately $156 billion in defense funding (including $25 billion for the Golden Dome initiative). When combined with the President’s GFY26 PBR, this represents growth of approximately 13% over GFY25 enacted levels for defense. In addition, the OBBBA provides approximately $170 billion for border security and immigration. Since this is direct funding authorized by reconciliation outside the normal budget process, these funds will be available in GFY26 and beyond whether normal appropriations or a CR is passed.
Market Environment
We provide Expertise and Technology to government customers. We believe that the total addressable market for our offerings is sufficient to support the Company's plans and is expected to continue to grow over the next several years. Approximately 75% of our revenue comes from defense-related customers, including those in the IC, with additional revenue coming from non-defense IC, homeland security, and other federal civilian customers.
We continue to align the Company’s capabilities with well-funded budget priorities and take steps to maintain a competitive cost structure in line with our expectations of future business opportunities. In light of these actions, as well as the budgetary environment discussed above, we believe we are well positioned to continue to win new business in our large addressable market. We believe that the following trends will influence the U.S. government's spending in our addressable market:
• A stable-to-higher U.S. government budget environment, particularly in national security-related areas (defense, intelligence, and border security);
• Increased focus on cyber, space, and the electromagnetic spectrum as key domains for national security;
• Increased spend on network and application modernization and enhancements to cyber security posture;
• Increasing focus on near-peer competitors and other nation state threats;
• Increasing focus on application of technologies to defend the homeland;
• Continued focus on counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and counter proliferation as key U.S. security concerns; and
• Increased demand for innovation and speed of delivery.
We believe that our customers’ use of lowest price/technically acceptable (LPTA) procurements, which contributed to pricing pressures in past years, has moderated, though price still remains an important factor in procurements. We also continue to see protests of major contract awards and delays in U.S. government procurement activities. In addition, many of our federal government contracts require us to employ personnel with security clearances, specific levels of education, and specific past work experience. Depending on the level of clearance, security clearances can be difficult and time-consuming to obtain and competition for skilled personnel in the industry is intense. Additional factors that could affect U.S. government spending in our addressable market include changes in set-asides for small businesses and budgetary priorities, including efficiency initiatives like the Department of Government Efficiency, limiting, delaying, or reducing federal government spending in general.
Results of Operations
Our results of operations were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended June 30,
Year to Year Change
Revenues
Costs of revenues:
Direct costs
Indirect costs and selling expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs of revenues
Income from operations
Interest expense and other, net
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Revenues . The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to organic growth of 7.2%, including new contract awards and growth on existing programs.
Revenues by customer type with related percentages of revenues were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended June 30,
DoD
Federal Civilian Agencies
Commercial and other
Total
• DoD revenues include Expertise and Technology provided to various DoD customers.
• Federal civilian agencies’ revenues primarily include Expertise and Technology provided to non-DoD agencies and departments of the U.S. government, including intelligence agencies and Departments of Justice, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, and State.
• Commercial and other revenues primarily include Expertise and Technology provided to U.S. state and local governments, commercial customers, and certain foreign governments and agencies through our international reportable segment.
Direct Costs . The increase in direct costs was primarily attributable to direct labor and subcontractor costs from organic growth on existing programs and higher materials costs. As a percentage of revenues, total direct costs were 67.6% and 67.2% for fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Indirect Costs and Selling Expenses . The increase in indirect costs and selling expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in fringe benefit expenses on a higher labor base. As a percentage of revenues, indirect costs and selling expenses decreased to 21.2% for fiscal 2025 from 22.5% for fiscal 2024, which was primarily attributable to the synergies from the acquisitions.
Depreciation and Amortization . Depreciation and amortization for fiscal 2025 increased compared to prior year due to the amortization of intangible assets obtained through acquisitions made in fiscal 2025.
Interest Expense and Other, Net . The increase in interest expense and other, net was primarily attributable to higher outstanding debt balances and costs incurred with debt issuances.
Income Taxes . The Company ’ s effective income tax rate was 17.4% and 22.9% for fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. Fiscal 2025 effective tax rate benefited from a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits following our resolution of a federal income tax audit. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2024 benefited from research and development tax credits partially offset by state income taxes . See “Note 16 – Income Taxes” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Contract Backlog
The Company’s backlog represents value on existing contracts that has the potential to be recognized into revenues as work is performed. The Company includes unexercised option years in its backlog and excludes the value of task orders that may be awarded under multiple award IDIQ vehicles until such task orders are issued.
The Company’s backlog as of period end is either funded or unfunded:
• Funded backlog represents contract value for which funding has been appropriated less revenues previously recognized on these contracts.
• Unfunded backlog represents estimated values that have the potential to be recognized into revenue from executed contracts for which funding has not been appropriated and unexercised contract options.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had total backlog of $31.4 billion, compared with $31.6 billion a year ago, a decrease of 0.6%. Funded backlog as of June 30, 2025 was $4.2 billion. The total backlog consists of remaining performance obligations plus unexercised options. See “Note 5 – Revenues” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to remaining performance obligations.
There is no assurance that all funded or potential contract value will result in revenues being recognized. The Company continues to monitor backlog as it is subject to change from execution of new contracts, contract modifications or extensions, government deobligations, early terminations, or other factors. Based on this analysis, an adjustment to the period end balance may be required.
Revenues by Contract Type
The Company generates revenues under three basic contract types:
• Cost-plus-fee contracts : This contract type provides for reimbursement of allowable direct expenses and allocable indirect expenses plus an additional negotiated fee. The fee component of the contract may include fixed fees, award fees, and incentive fees. Fixed fees are fees that are negotiated and fixed at the inception of the contract. In general, award fees are more subjective in performance criteria and are earned based on overall cost, schedule, and technical performance as measured against contractual requirements. Incentive fees have more objective cost or performance criteria and generally contain a formula based on the relationship of actual costs incurred to target costs.
• Fixed-price contracts : This contract type provides for a fixed-price for specified Expertise and Technology and is often used when there is more certainty regarding the estimated costs to complete the contractual statement of work. Since the contractor bears the risk of cost overruns, there is higher risk and generally potential profit associated with this contract type.
• Time-and-materials contracts: This contract type provides for a fixed hourly rate for defined contractual labor categories with reimbursement of billable material and other direct costs. For this contract type, the contractor bears the risk that its labor costs, and allocable indirect expenses are greater than the fixed hourly rate defined within the contract.
As discussed further within Item 1A, Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our earnings and margins may vary based on the mix of our contract types. We generated the following revenues by contract type for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended June 30,
Cost-plus-fee
Fixed-price
Time-and-materials
Total
Effects of Inflation
During fiscal 2025, 60.5% of our revenues were generated under cost-plus-fee contracts, which automatically adjust revenues to cover costs that are affected by inflation. 13.2% of our revenues were generated under time-and-materials contracts, where we adjust labor rates periodically, as permitted. The remaining portion of our business is fixed-price and may span multiple years. We generally have been able to price our time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts in a manner that accommodates the rates of inflation experienced in recent years.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Existing cash and cash equivalents and cash generated by operations are our primary sources of liquidity, as well as sales of receivables under our Master Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (MARPA) and available borrowings under our Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2025, we had $106.2 million in cash and cash equivalents.
The Company has a $3,200.0 million Credit Facility, which consists of a $1,975.0 million Revolving Facility and a $1,225.0 million Term Loan. The Revolving Facility is a secured facility that permits continuously renewable borrowings and has subfacilities of $100.0 million for same-day swing line borrowings and $25.0 million for stand-by letters of credit. As of June 30, 2025, $124.5 million was outstanding under the Revolving Facility and no borrowings on the swing line. The Company also has Term Loan B Facility and 2033 Notes, with a principal amount of $750.0 million and $1,000.0 million, respectively.
During fiscal year 2023, a provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) took effect, which eliminated the option to deduct domestic research and development costs in the year incurred and instead requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize such costs over five years. This provision decreased fiscal year 2025 cash flows from operations by $47.4 million and increased net deferred tax assets by a similar amount. The OBBBA enacted a provision that allows immediate deduction of domestic research and development costs in the year incurred. The Company’s cash tax payments will benefit materially as a result of this provision in fiscal 2026.
See “Note 6 – Sales of Receivables” and “Note 12 – Debt” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
A summary of cash flow information is presented below (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended June 30,
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $49.7 million primarily due to $162.7 million in higher net income, adjusted for non-cash items, and $48.0 million in lower income taxes payments, partially offset by timing of milestone billings and customer payments of $141.3 million, a decrease of $11.1 million in cash provided by the Company's MARPA, and other net unfavorable changes in other operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities increased $1,607.0 million primarily due to cash used in acquisitions.
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities increased $1,504.8 million primarily as a result of a $1,528.3 million of net proceeds under our debt instruments, including the impact of debt issuance costs for the Term Loan B Facility and 2033 Notes.
We believe that the combination of internally generated funds, available bank borrowings, and cash and cash equivalents on hand will provide the required liquidity and capital resources necessary to fund on-going operations, customary capital expenditures, debt service obligations, and other working capital requirements over the next twelve months. We may in the future seek to borrow additional amounts under existing debt instruments or new debt instruments. Over the longer term, our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations necessary to fulfill the obligations under the Credit Facility, Term Loan B Facility, 2033 Notes, and any other indebtedness we may incur will depend on our future financial performance which will be affected by many factors outside of our control, including current worldwide economic conditions and financial market conditions.
Contractual Obligations
For a description of the Company’s contractual obligations related to debt, leases, and retirement plans refer to “Note 10 – Leases”, “Note 12 – Debt”, and “Note 17 – Retirement Plans” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Commitments and Contingencies
We are subject to a number of reviews, investigations, claims, lawsuits, other uncertainties, and future obligations related to our business. For a discussion of these items, see “Note 19 – Commitments and Contingencies” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in those financial statements and accompanying notes. We consider the accounting policies and estimates addressed below to be the most important to our financial position and results of operations, either because of the significance of the financial statement item or because they require the exercise of significant judgment and/or use of significant estimates. Although we believe that the estimates are reasonable based on reasonably available facts, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results reported in future periods may differ.
We believe the following accounting policies require significant judgment due to the complex nature of the underlying transactions:
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates almost all of our revenues from three different types of contractual arrangements with the U.S. government: cost-plus-fee, fixed-price, and time-and-materials contracts. Our contracts with the U.S. government are generally subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and are competitively priced based on estimated costs of providing the contractual goods or services.
We account for a contract when the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform on it, the rights of each party and the payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability is probable. At contract inception, the Company determines whether the goods or services to be provided are to be accounted for as a single performance obligation or as multiple performance obligations. This evaluation requires professional judgment as it may affect the timing and pattern of revenue recognition. If multiple performance obligations are identified, we generally use the cost plus a margin approach to determine the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation.
When determining the total transaction price, the Company identifies both fixed and variable considerations within the contract. Variable consideration includes any amount within the transaction price that is not fixed such as award or incentive fees, performance penalties, unfunded contract value, or other similar items. For our contracts with award or incentive fees, the Company estimates the total amount of award or incentive fee expected to be recognized into revenue. Throughout the performance period, we recognize as revenue a constrained amount of variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized to date will not be required in a subsequent period. Our estimate of variable consideration is periodically adjusted based on significant changes in relevant facts and circumstances. In the period in which we can calculate the final amount of award or incentive fee earned based on the receipt of the customers' final performance score or the determination that more objective, contractually defined criteria have been fully satisfied, the Company will adjust our cumulative revenue recognized to date on the contract.
We generally recognize revenues over time throughout the performance period as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided on our services-type revenue arrangements. This continuous transfer of control for our U.S. government contracts is supported by the unilateral right of our customer to terminate the contract for a variety of reasons without having to provide justification for its decision. For our services-type revenue arrangements in which there are a repetitive amount of services that are substantially the same from one month to the next, the Company applies the series guidance. We use a variety of input and output methods that approximate the progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, including costs incurred, labor hours expended, and time-elapsed measures for our fixed-price stand ready obligations. For certain contracts, primarily our cost-plus-fee and time-and-materials services-type revenue arrangements, we apply the right-to-invoice practical expedient in which revenues are recognized in direct proportion to our present right to consideration for progress towards the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation.
When a performance obligation has a significant degree of interrelation or interdependence between one month’s activities and the next, when there is an award or incentive fee, or when there is a significant degree of customization or modification, the Company generally records revenue using a percentage of completion method. For these revenue arrangements, substantially all revenues are recognized over time using a cost-to-cost input method based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs at completion. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total revenues, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.
Contract modifications are reviewed to determine whether they should be accounted for as part of the original performance obligation or as a separate contract. Contract modifications that add distinct goods or services, resulting in an increase to the contract value that reflects the standalone selling price of those additions, are accounted for as separate contracts. When contract modifications include goods or services that are not distinct from those already provided, the Company records a cumulative adjustment to revenues based on a remeasurement of progress towards the complete satisfaction of the not yet fully delivered performance obligation.
Based on the critical nature of our contractual performance obligations, the Company may proceed with work based on customer direction prior to the completion and signing of formal contract documents. The Company has a formal review process for approving any such work that considers previous experiences with the customer, communications with the customer regarding funding status, and our knowledge of available funding for the contract or program.
Business Combinations
We record all tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at fair value as of the acquisition date, with any excess purchase consideration recorded as goodwill. For contingent purchase consideration, a liability is recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date with subsequent fair value adjustments recorded in operations. The Company uses various valuation methods, including the relief-from-royalty method of the income approach, to determine the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities assumed. The use of these methods requires management to make significant judgments about expected future cash flows, weighted average cost of capital, discount rates, royalty rates, and expected long-term growth rates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we may adjust provisional amounts recorded to reflect new information subsequently obtained regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date. We recognize purchased intangible assets in connection with our business acquisitions at fair value on the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets, net represent 70.7% and 68.1% of our total assets as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.
We evaluate goodwill for both of our reporting units for impairment at least annually on the first day of the fiscal fourth quarter, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The evaluation includes comparing the fair value of the relevant reporting unit to its respective carrying value, including goodwill, and utilizes both income and market approaches. The analysis relies on significant judgements and assumptions about expected future cash flows, weighted average cost of capital, discount rates, expected long-term growth rates, and financial measures derived from observable market data of comparable public companies. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, we completed our annual goodwill assessment and determined that each reporting unit’s fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is generally over periods ranging from one to twenty years. Intangible assets with finite lives are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable at the asset group level.
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See “Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
