BSVN Bank7 Corp. - 10-K

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

We believe the risks described below are the risks that are material to us. Any of the following risks, as well as risks that we do not know or currently deem immaterial, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Market

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which could, if not remediated, result in material misstatements of our financial statements and adversely affect our stock price.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. As disclosed in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective and we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to the material weaknesses identified in Item 9A of this Annual Report. The material weaknesses (more fully described in Item 9A of this Annual Report) relate to the failure to maintain effectively designed internal control over financial reporting in the following areas:

Deposit operations;

Related party transactions;

Reconciliations;

Financial statement disclosures;

Segregation of duties;

Completeness and Accuracy of Information produced by the Company;

Information technology general controls; and

Control activities component of internal control.

While we have not identified any material misstatements in our financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2025 as a result of these material weaknesses, these weaknesses create a reasonable possibility that a future material misstatement would not be prevented or detected.

We are taking specific steps to remediate these material weaknesses, including  enhancements to policies, procedures, oversight activities, and information technology controls supporting financial reporting

There can be no assurance as to when the remediation will be completed or that it will be determined to be effective. If we are unsuccessful in remediating these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately and timely, which could result in a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow, restrict our ability to  access the capital markets, require significant resources to correct, result in a loss of investor confidence and/or a decline in our stock price, and subject us to fines, potential litigation or regulatory action.

Our business is concentrated in, and largely dependent upon, the continued growth and welfare of our markets, and adverse economic conditions in these markets could negatively impact our operations and customers.

Our business is primarily affected by the economies of Oklahoma, Texas and to a smaller degree the state of Kansas. Our success depends to a significant extent upon the business activity, population, income levels, employment trends, deposits and real estate activity in these markets.

As of December 31, 2025, the substantial majority of the loans in our loan portfolio were made to borrowers who live and/or conduct business in our markets and the substantial majority of our secured loans were secured by collateral located in our markets.  Accordingly, we are exposed to risks associated with a lack of geographic diversification as any regional or local economic downturn that affects our markets, our existing or prospective borrowers, or property values in our markets may affect us and our profitability more significantly and more adversely than our competitors whose operations are less geographically focused.

In addition, market developments may affect consumer confidence levels and may cause adverse changes in payment patterns, causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which could impact our charge-offs and provision for credit losses. Adverse changes in economic conditions in these markets could reduce our growth in loans and deposits, impair our ability to collect our loans, increase our problem loans and charge-offs and otherwise negatively affect our performance and financial condition.

We have credit exposure to the energy industry.

The energy industry is a significant sector in our Oklahoma market, and to a lesser extent, Kansas and the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area. A downturn or lack of growth in the energy industry and energy-related business, including sustained low oil or gas prices or the failure of oil or gas prices to rise in the future, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2025, our energy loans, which include loans to exploration and production companies, midstream companies, purchasers of mineral and royalty interests and service providers totaled $156.8 million, or 9.7% of total loans, as compared to $133.3 million, or 9.5% of total loans as of December 31, 2024. In addition to our direct exposure to energy loans, we also have indirect exposure to energy prices, as some of our non-energy customers’ businesses are directly affected by volatility with the oil and gas industry and energy prices and otherwise are dependent on energy-related businesses. As of December 31, 2025, we had $72.4 million in unfunded commitments to borrowers in the oil and gas industry.

Table of Contents

We have credit exposure to the hospitality industry.

The Company has loan exposure to the hospitality industry, primarily through loans made to construct or finance the operation of hotels. At December 31, 2025, this exposure was approximately $310.6 million, or 19.3%, of the total loan portfolio, along with an additional $17.8 million in unfunded debt, as compared to $259.1 million, or 18.5%, of the total loan portfolio, along with an additional $2.9 million in unfunded debt as of December 31, 2024. The hospitality industry is subject to changes in the travel patterns of business and leisure travelers, both of which are affected by the strength of the economy, as well as other factors. The performance of the hospitality industry has traditionally been closely linked with the performance of the general economy and, specifically, growth in gross domestic product. Changes in travel patterns of both business and leisure travelers, particularly during periods of economic contraction or low levels of economic growth, may create difficulties for the industry over the long-term. Although we have made a large portion of our hospitality loans to long-term, well-established hotel operators in strategic locations, a general downturn in the supply growth of such markets or hotel occupancy or room rates could negatively impact the borrowers’ ability to repay. A significant loss in this portfolio could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

We have a concentration in commercial real estate lending that could cause our regulators to restrict our ability to grow.

As a part of their regulatory oversight, the federal regulators have issued guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices, or the CRE Concentration Guidance, with respect to a financial institution’s concentrations in CRE lending activities. The CRE Concentration Guidance identifies certain concentration levels that, if exceeded, will expose the institution to additional supervisory analysis with regard to the institution’s CRE concentration risk. The CRE Concentration Guidance is designed to promote appropriate levels of capital and sound loan and risk management practices for institutions with a concentration of CRE loans. In general, the CRE Concentration Guidance establishes the following supervisory criteria as preliminary indications of possible CRE concentration risk: (1) the institution’s total construction, land development and other land loans represent 100% or more of total capital; or (2) total CRE loans as defined in this guidance, or Regulatory CRE, represent 300% or more of total capital, and the institution’s Regulatory CRE has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36-month period. Pursuant to the CRE Concentration Guidance, loans secured by owner occupied CRE are not included for purposes of the CRE concentration calculation. As of December 31, 2025, our Regulatory CRE represented 261.89% of our total Bank capital and our construction, land development and other land loans represented 85.91% of our total Bank capital, as compared to 254.04% and 74.82% as of December 31, 2024, respectively. During the prior 36-month period, our Regulatory CRE has decreased 42.83%. We are actively working to manage our Regulatory CRE concentration, and we believe that our underwriting policies, management information systems, independent credit administration process, and monitoring of real estate loan concentrations are currently sufficient to address the CRE Concentration Guidance. We utilize enhanced CRE monitoring techniques as expected by banking regulators as our concentrations have approached or exceeded the regulatory guidance. Nevertheless, the Federal Reserve could become concerned about our CRE loan concentrations, and it could limit our ability to grow by restricting its approvals for the establishment or acquisition of branches, or approvals of mergers or other acquisition opportunities, or by requiring us to raise additional capital, reduce our loan concentrations or undertake other remedial actions.

Because a portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of real estate loans, negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity could impair the value of collateral securing our real estate loans and result in loan and other losses.

Adverse developments affecting real estate values, particularly in Oklahoma City and the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area, could increase the credit risk associated with our real estate loan portfolio. Real estate values may experience periods of fluctuation, and the market value of real estate can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time. Adverse changes affecting real estate values and the liquidity of real estate in one or more of our markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio, and could result in losses that adversely affect credit quality, financial condition and results of operation. Negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity in our market areas could significantly impair the value of property pledged as collateral on loans and affect our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure without a loss or additional losses. Collateral may have to be sold for less than the outstanding balance of the loan, which could result in losses on such loans. Such declines and losses could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and growth prospects. If real estate values decline, it is also more likely that we would be required to increase our allowance, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of our loans are to commercial borrowers, which have a higher degree of risk than other types of loans.

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $1.60 billion of commercial purpose loans, which include general commercial, energy, agricultural, and CRE loans, representing approximately 99.2% of our gross loan portfolio. Commercial purpose loans are often larger and involve greater risks than other types of lending. Because payments on these loans are often dependent on the successful operation or development of the property or business involved, their repayment is more sensitive than other types of loans to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy.

Table of Contents

Accordingly, a downturn in the real estate market or the general economy could heighten our risk related to commercial purpose loans, particularly energy and CRE loans. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from their employment and other income and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial purpose loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the commercial venture. If the cash flow from business operations is reduced, the borrowers’ ability to repay the loan may be impaired. As a result of the larger average size of each commercial purpose loan as compared with other loans such as residential loans, as well as the collateral which is generally less readily marketable, losses incurred on a small number of commercial purpose loans could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our largest loan relationships make up a material percentage of our total loan portfolio .

As of December 31, 2025, our 20 largest borrowing relationships ranged from approximately $21.9 million to $56.9 million (including unfunded commitments) and totaled approximately $659.9 million in total commitments (representing, in the aggregate, 33.8% of our total outstanding commitments as of December 31, 2025). Each of the loans associated with these relationships has been underwritten in accordance with our underwriting policies and limits. Along with other risks inherent in these loans, such as the deterioration of the underlying businesses or property securing these loans, this concentration of borrowers presents a risk that, if one or more of these relationships were to become delinquent or suffer default, we could be exposed to material losses. The allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover losses associated with any of these relationships, and any loss or increase in the allowance would negatively affect our earnings and capital. Even if these loans are adequately collateralized, an increase in classified assets could harm our reputation with our regulators and inhibit our ability to execute our business plan.

Our largest deposit relationships currently make up a material percentage of our deposits and the withdrawal of deposits by our largest depositors could force us to fund our business through more expensive and less stable sources.

At December 31, 2025, our 20 largest deposit relationships accounted for 28.5% of our total deposits. Withdrawals of deposits by any one of our largest depositors or by one of our related customer groups could force us to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding for our business and withdrawal demands, adversely affecting our net interest margin and results of operations. We may also be forced, as a result of withdrawals of deposits, to rely more heavily on other, potentially more expensive and less stable funding sources. Additionally, such circumstances could require us to raise deposit rates in an attempt to attract new deposits, which would adversely affect our results of operations. Under applicable regulations, if the Bank were no longer “well capitalized,” the Bank would not be able to accept brokered deposits without the approval of the FDIC.

A substantial portion of our loan portfolio consists of loans maturing within one year, and there is no guarantee that these loans will be replaced upon maturity or renewed on the same terms or at all.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately 37% of our gross loans were maturing within one year, compared to approximately 40.3% of our gross loans that were maturing within one year as of December 31, 2024. As a result, we will either need to renew or replace these loans during the course of the year. There is no guarantee that these loans will be originated or renewed by borrowers on the same terms or at all, as demand for such loans may decrease. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that borrowers will qualify for new loans or that existing loans will be renewed by us on the same terms or at all, as collateral values may be insufficient or the borrowers’ cash flow may be materially less than when the loan was initially originated. This could result in a significant decline in the size of our loan portfolio.

Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover our actual credit losses, which could adversely affect our earnings.

We maintain an allowance for credit losses in an amount that we believe is appropriate to provide for losses inherent in the portfolio.  While we strive to carefully monitor credit quality and to identify loans that may become nonperforming, at any time there are loans included in the portfolio that will result in losses but that have not been identified as nonperforming or potential problem loans.  We cannot be sure that we will be able to identify deteriorating loans before they become nonperforming assets or that we will be able to limit losses on those loans that are identified.  As a result, future additions to the allowance may be necessary.  Additionally, future additions may be required based on changes in the loans comprising the portfolio and changes in the financial condition of borrowers, such as may result from changes in economic conditions or as a result of incorrect assumptions by management in determining the allowance.  Federal banking regulators, as an integral part of their supervisory function, periodically review our allowance for credit losses.  These regulatory agencies may require us to increase our provision for credit losses or to recognize further loan charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may be different from ours.  Any increase in the allowance for credit losses could have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  Commercial and commercial real estate loans comprise a significant portion of our total loan portfolio.  These types of loans typically are larger than residential real estate loans and other consumer loans.  Because our loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans may cause a significant increase in nonperforming assets.  An increase in nonperforming loans could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the allowance for credit losses, or an increase in loan charge-offs, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Table of Contents

Our profitability depends on interest rates generally, and we may be adversely affected by changes in market interest rates.

Our profitability depends in substantial part on our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between the amounts received by us on our interest-earning assets and the interest paid by us on our interest-bearing liabilities. Our net interest income depends on many factors that are partly or completely outside of our control, including competition, federal economic, monetary and fiscal policies and economic conditions generally. Our net interest income will be adversely affected if market interest rates change so that the interest we pay on deposits and borrowings increases faster than the interest we earn on loans and investments.

Changes in interest rates could affect our ability to originate loans and deposits. Historically, there has been an inverse correlation between the demand for loans and interest rates. Loan origination volume usually declines during periods of rising or high interest rates and increases during periods of declining or low interest rates. Changes in interest rates also have a significant impact on the carrying value of certain of our assets, including loans and other assets, on our balance sheet.

Interest rate increases often result in larger payment requirements for our borrowers, which increase the potential for default. At the same time, the marketability of any underlying property that serves as collateral for such loans may be adversely affected by any reduced demand resulting from higher interest rates. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans may lead to an increase in nonperforming assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. Subsequently, we continue to have a cost to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the amount of nonaccrual loans would have an adverse impact on net interest income.

Elevated interest rates in prior periods increased interest expense, which in turn adversely affected net interest income throughout 2025. While the Federal Reserve commenced a series of rate reductions in the latter half of 2025, the interest rate environment remains high relative to historical averages, which may continue to impact net interest income if funding costs remain elevated. In this environment, competition for cost-effective deposits remains intense, making it more costly to fund loan growth. In addition, the interest rate environment has contributed to a decline in overall mortgage-related lending volumes. Any rapid and unexpected volatility in interest rates, or uncertainty regarding the pace of future monetary easing, creates potential for unexpected material adverse effects. The Company actively monitors and manages the balances of maturing and repricing assets and liabilities to reduce the adverse impact of changes in interest rates, but there can be no assurances that the Company can avoid all material adverse effects that such interest rate changes may have on the Company’s net interest margin and overall financial condition.

The ratio of variable- to fixed-rate loans in our loan portfolio, the ratio of short-term (maturing at a given time within 12 months) to long-term loans, and the ratio of our demand, money market and savings deposits to certificates of deposit (and their time periods), are the primary factors affecting the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. The composition of our rate-sensitive assets or liabilities is subject to change and could result in a more unbalanced position that would cause market rate changes to have a greater impact on our earnings. Fluctuations in market rates and other market disruptions are neither predictable nor controllable and may adversely affect our financial condition and earnings.

We rely on short-term funding, which can be adversely affected by local and general economic conditions.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately $1.46 billion, or 85.7%, of our deposits consisted of demand, savings, money market and negotiable order of withdrawal, or NOW, accounts. Approximately $243.5 million of the remaining balance of deposits consists of certificates of deposit, of which approximately $219.2 million, or 90.0% of remaining deposits, was due to mature within one year. Based on our experience, we believe that our savings, money market and non-interest-bearing accounts are relatively stable sources of funds. Historically, a majority of non-brokered certificates of deposit are renewed upon maturity as long as we pay competitive interest rates. Many of these customers are, however, interest-rate conscious and may be willing to move funds into higher-yielding investment alternatives. Our ability to attract and maintain deposits, as well as our cost of funds, has been, and will continue to be significantly affected by general economic conditions. In addition, as market interest rates rise, we will have competitive pressure to increase the rates we pay on deposits. If we increase interest rates paid to retain deposits, our earnings may be adversely affected.

Table of Contents

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and could jeopardize our financial condition.

Liquidity is essential to our business. Liquidity risk is the potential that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they come due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding. The Bank’s primary funding source is customer deposits. In addition, the Bank has historically had access to advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka, or the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, or the FRB, discount window and other wholesale sources, such as internet-sourced deposits to fund operations. We participate in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service, or CDARS, where customer funds are placed into multiple certificates of deposit, each in an amount under the standard FDIC insurance maximum of $250,000, and placed at a network of banks across the United States. Although the Bank has historically been able to replace maturing deposits and advances as necessary, it might not be able to replace such funds in the future. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on liquidity.

Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on acceptable terms could be impaired by factors that affect our organization specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans are concentrated or adverse regulatory actions against us. The Bank’s ability to borrow or attract and retain deposits in the future could be adversely affected by the Bank’s financial condition or regulatory restrictions, or impaired by factors that are not specific to it, such as FDIC insurance changes, disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the banking industry. Borrowing capacity from the FHLB or FRB may fluctuate based upon the condition of the Bank or the acceptability and risk rating of loan collateral and counterparties could adjust discount rates applied to such collateral at the lender’s discretion.

The FRB or FHLB could restrict or limit the Bank’s access to secured borrowings. Correspondent banks can withdraw unsecured lines of credit or require collateralization for the purchase of fed funds. Liquidity also may be affected by the Bank’s routine commitments to extend credit. Market conditions or other events could also negatively affect the level or cost of funding, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations and fund asset growth and new business transactions at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse consequences.

Any substantial, unexpected or prolonged change in the level or cost of liquidity could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, and could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and could jeopardize our financial condition.

We are exposed to cybersecurity risks associated with our internet-based systems and online commerce security, including “hacking” and “identify theft.”

We conduct a portion of our business over the internet. We rely heavily upon data processing, including loan servicing and deposit processing, software, communications and information systems from a number of third parties to conduct our business.  As a bank, we are more likely to be targeted by cyber-attacks in an effort to unlawfully access customer funds or customer personally identifiable information.

Third-party or internal systems and networks may fail to operate properly or become disabled due to deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Our operations are vulnerable to disruptions from human error, natural disasters, power loss, computer viruses, spam attacks, denial of service attacks, unauthorized access and other unforeseen events. Undiscovered data corruption could render our customer information inaccurate. These events may obstruct our ability to provide services and process transactions. While we believe we are in compliance with all applicable privacy and data security laws, an incident could put our customer confidential information at risk.

Although we have not experienced a cyber-incident which has been successful in compromising our data or systems, we can never be certain that all of our systems are entirely free from vulnerability to breaches of security or other technological difficulties or failures. We monitor and modify, as necessary, our protective measures in response to the perpetual evolution of known cyber-threats.

A breach in the security of any of our information systems, or other cyber-incident, could have an adverse impact on, among other things, our revenue, ability to attract and maintain customers and our reputation. In addition, as a result of any breach, we could incur higher costs to conduct our business, to increase protection, or related to remediation. Furthermore, our customers could incorrectly blame us and terminate their account with us for a cyber-incident which occurred on their own system or with that of an unrelated third party. In addition, a security breach could also subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability.

Table of Contents

Our operations could be interrupted if our third-party service providers experience difficulty, terminate their services or fail to comply with banking regulations.

We depend to a significant extent on a number of relationships with third-party service providers. Specifically, we receive core systems processing, essential web hosting and other internet systems, loan and deposit processing and other processing services from third-party service providers. If these third-party service providers experience financial, operational or technological difficulties or terminate their services and we are unable to replace them with other service providers, our operations could be interrupted. If an interruption were to continue for a significant period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Even if we are able to replace our service providers, it may be at a higher cost to us, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be exposed to risk of environmental liabilities with respect to properties to which we take title.

In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate, and we could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or we may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, if we are the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition.

While inflationary pressures have moderated from recent peaks, they remained “sticky” and slightly above the Federal Reserve’s target throughout 2025. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the 12-month percent change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (not seasonally adjusted) was 2.7% for the period ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.9% and 3.4% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Although inflation has eased, persistent costs in key categories such as shelter and services continued to impact the economic environment in 2025. Current economic forecasts suggest a gradual descent toward the Federal Reserve’s target in 2026, though uncertainty remains regarding the pace of future easing and its potential impact on our funding costs and borrower health.

Small to medium -sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation as they are not able to leverage economics of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses.  Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.  When the rate of inflation accelerates, there is an erosion of consumer and customer purchasing power. Accordingly, this could impact our business by reducing our tolerance for extending credit, and our customer’s desire to obtain credit, or causing us to incur additional provisions for credit losses resulting from a possible increased default rate.  Inflation may lead to lower loan re-financings.  Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs to further increase which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Sustained higher interest rates by the Federal Reserve may be needed to tame persistent inflationary price pressures, which could push down asset prices and weaken economic activity.  A deterioration in economic conditions in the United States and our markets could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for our products and services, all of which, in turn, would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Table of Contents

A natural disaster affecting our market areas could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is concentrated in Oklahoma, the Dallas/Ft. Worth and to a lesser extent Kansas.   Almost all of our credit exposure is in that area.  This geographic region has been subject to tornadoes and severe hail storms with occasional flooding.  Natural disasters could harm our operations directly through interference with communications, which would prevent us from gathering deposits, originating loans, and processing and controlling our flow of business, as well as through the destruction of facilities and our operational, financial and management information systems.  A natural disaster or recurring power outages may also impair the value of our loan portfolio, as uninsured or underinsured losses, including losses from business disruption, may reduce our borrowers’ ability to repay their loans.  Disasters may also reduce the value of the real estate securing our loans, impairing our ability to recover on defaulted loans through foreclosure and making it more likely that we would suffer losses on defaulted loans.  The occurrence of natural disasters in our market areas could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Regulatory Environment

We are subject to extensive regulation, which increases the cost and expense of compliance and could limit or restrict our activities, which in turn may adversely impact our earnings and ability to grow.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by a number of governmental regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve, the OBD, and the FDIC. Regulations adopted by these agencies, which are generally intended to provide protection for depositors, customers and the DIF, rather than for the benefit of shareholders, govern a comprehensive range of matters relating to ownership and control of our shares, our acquisition of other companies and businesses, permissible activities for us to engage in, maintenance of adequate capital levels, dividend payments and other aspects of our operations. These bank regulators possess broad authority to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law. Following examinations, we may be required, among other things, to change our asset valuations or the amounts of required credit loss allowances or to restrict our operations, as well as increase our capital levels, which could adversely affect our results of operations. The laws and regulations applicable to the banking industry could change at any time and we cannot predict the effects of these changes on our business, profitability or growth strategy. Increased regulation could increase our cost of compliance and adversely affect profitability. Moreover, certain of these regulations contain significant punitive sanctions for violations, including monetary penalties and limitations on a bank’s ability to implement components of its business plan, such as expansion through mergers and acquisitions or the opening of new branch offices. In addition, changes in regulatory requirements may add costs associated with compliance efforts. Furthermore, government policy and regulation, particularly as implemented through the Federal Reserve, significantly affect credit conditions. Negative developments in the financial industry and the impact of new legislation and regulation in response to those developments could negatively impact our business operations and adversely impact our financial performance.

Monetary policy and other economic factors could affect our profitability adversely.

In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the instruments used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market purchases and sales of U.S. government securities, adjustments of the discount rate and changes in banks’ reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.

The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The effects of such policies upon our business, financial condition and results of operations cannot be predicted.

Table of Contents

Regulations relating to privacy, information security and data protection could increase our costs, affect or limit how we collect and use personal information and adversely affect our business opportunities.

We are subject to various privacy, information security and data protection laws, including requirements concerning security breach notification, and we could be negatively impacted by these laws. For example, our business is subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act which, among other things: (i) imposes certain limitations on our ability to share non-public personal information about our customers with non-affiliated third parties; (ii) requires that we provide certain disclosures to customers about our information collection, sharing and security practices and afford customers the right to “opt out” of any information sharing by us with non-affiliated third parties (with certain exceptions) and (iii) requires we develop, implement and maintain a written comprehensive information security program containing safeguards appropriate based on our size and complexity, the nature and scope of our activities and the sensitivity of customer information we process, as well as plans for responding to data security breaches. Various state and federal banking regulators and states have also enacted data security breach notification requirements with varying levels of individual, consumer, regulatory or law enforcement notification in certain circumstances in the event of a security breach. Moreover, legislators and regulators in the United States are increasingly adopting or revising privacy, information security and data protection laws that potentially could have a significant impact on our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices, our collection, use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of consumer or employee information, and some of our current or planned business activities. Bank are required to notify their regulators within 36 hours of a “computer-security incident” that rises to the level of a “notification incident.” This could increase our costs of compliance and business operations and could reduce income from certain business initiatives. This includes increased privacy-related enforcement activity at the federal level by the Federal Trade Commission, as well as at the state level.

We rely on third parties, and in some cases subcontractors, to provide information technology and data services. Although we provide for appropriate protections through our contracts and perform information security risk assessments of its third-party service providers and business associates, we still have limited control over their actions and practices. In addition, despite the security measures that we have in place to ensure compliance with applicable laws and rules, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism or theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. In such cases, notification to affected individuals, state and federal regulators, state attorneys general and media may be required, depending upon the number of affected individuals and whether personal information including financial data was subject to unauthorized access.

Compliance with current or future privacy, data protection and information security laws (including those regarding security breach notification) affecting customer or employee data to which we are subject could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or results of operations. Our failure to comply with privacy, data protection and information security laws could result in potentially significant regulatory or governmental investigations or actions, litigation, fines, sanctions and damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Table of Contents

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Shares of certain shareholders may be sold into the public market. This could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly.

Our principal shareholders (collectively, the “Haines Family Trusts”) have the benefit of certain registration rights covering all of their shares of our common stock pursuant to the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the Haines Family Trusts in connection with our initial public offering. Sales of a substantial number of these shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or to be lower than it might otherwise be. In addition, as of December 31, 2025, approximately 55.4% of our outstanding common stock is beneficially owned by our principal shareholders, executive officers and directors. The substantial amount of common stock that is owned by and issuable to our principal shareholders, executive officers and directors may adversely affect our share price, our share price volatility and the development and persistence of an active and liquid trading market. The sale of these shares could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.

We are controlled by insiders, whose interests may not coincide with our other shareholders.

As of December 31, 2025, the Haines Family Trusts, management, and the board of directors control approximately 55.4% of our common stock. So long as insiders continue to control more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, they will have the ability, if they vote in the same manner, to determine the outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, the approval of mergers, material acquisitions and dispositions and other extraordinary transactions, and amendments to our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and other corporate governance documents. In addition, this concentration of ownership may delay or prevent a change in control of our Company and make some transactions more difficult or impossible without the support of the Haines Family Trusts. The Haines Family Trusts also have certain rights, such as registration rights, that our other shareholders do not have. In any of these matters, the interests of the Haines Family Trusts may differ from or conflict with our interests as a company or the interests of other shareholders. Accordingly, the Haines Family Trusts could influence us to enter into transactions or agreements that other shareholders would not approve or make decisions with which other shareholders may disagree.

We are a bank holding company and our only source of cash, other than further issuances of securities, is distributions from the Bank.

We are a bank holding company with no material activities other than activities incidental to holding the common stock of the Bank. Our principal source of funds to pay distributions on our common stock and service any of our obligations, other than further issuances of securities, would be dividends received from the Bank. Furthermore, the Bank is not obligated to pay dividends to us, and any dividends paid to us would depend on the earnings or financial condition of the Bank and various business considerations. As is the case with all financial institutions, the profitability of the Bank is subject to the fluctuating cost and availability of money, changes in interest rates and in economic conditions in general. In addition, various federal and state statutes limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to the Company without regulatory approval.

Table of Contents

Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this management’s discussion and analysis to “we”, “our”, and “us,” refer to Bank7 Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  All references to “the Bank” refer to Bank7, our wholly owned subsidiary.

General

We are Bank7 Corp., a bank holding company headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank7, we operate twelve full-service branches in Oklahoma, the Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas metropolitan area and Kansas. We are focused on serving business owners and entrepreneurs by delivering fast, consistent and well-designed loan and deposit products to meet their financing needs. We intend to grow organically by selectively opening additional branches in our target markets and we will also pursue strategic acquisitions.

As a bank holding company, we generate most of our revenue from interest income on loans and from short-term investments.  The primary source of funding for our loans and short-term investments are deposits held by our subsidiary, Bank7.  We measure our performance by our return on average assets, return on average equity, earnings per share, capital ratios, and efficiency ratio, which is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and noninterest income.

As of December 31, 2025, we had total assets of $1.96 billion, total loans of $1.61 billion, total deposits of $1.70 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $251.0 million.

The Federal Reserve aggressively raised the federal funds target rate throughout 2022 and 2023 to combat elevated inflation, reaching a peak range of 5.25% to 5.50% by December 31, 2023. In 2024, the Federal Reserve began to adjust monetary policy, ultimately lowering the federal funds rate three times to end that year with a target range of 4.25% to 4.50%. This easing cycle continued into 2025, with the Federal Reserve implementing three additional 25-basis-point reductions in the second half of the year. As of December 31, 2025, the federal funds target range stood at 3.50% to 3.75%. These monetary policy actions, along with the impact of the transition from a peak-rate environment, compressed our net interest margin while generally supporting stable credit quality throughout 2025.

2025 Overview

We reported total loans of $1.61 billion as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $209.0 million, or 15.0%, from December 31, 2024. Total deposits were $1.70 billion as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $185.4 million, or 12.2%, from December 31, 2024.

Income before taxes was $56.8 million, a decrease of $3.6 million, or 6.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to income before taxes of $60.4 million for the same period in 2024.

Pre-tax return on average assets and return on average equity was 3.12% and 24.39%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to 3.50% and 31.41%, respectively, for the same period in 2024. Tax-adjusted return on average assets and return on average equity was 2.37% and 18.51%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to 2.65% and 23.78%, respectively, for the same period in 2024. Our efficiency ratio for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 40.24% as compared to 37.90% for the same period in 2024.

The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $700,000, an increase of 100% compared to a $0 provision for the year ended December 31, 2024. This provision was primarily attributable to the 15% year-over-year loan growth realized during the period, as total loans increased by $209.0 million to $1.61 billion at December 31, 2025. The 2025 provisioning reflects management’s ongoing assessment of the allowance for credit losses required to support the expanded loan portfolio and incorporates updated economic assumptions relevant to the current environment. We continue to monitor credit metrics and economic indicators to ensure the allowance for credit losses remains at an appropriate level to address potential credit risks within the portfolio. See Note 5 of the financial statements for further disclosure and discussion.

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, information about: (i) weighted average balances, the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets, and the resultant average yields; (ii) average balances, the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, and the resultant average rates; (iii) net interest income; and (iv) the net interest margin.

Net Interest Margin

For the Year Ended December 31,

Average

Balance

Interest

Income/

Expense

Average

Yield/

Rate

Average

Balance

Interest

Income/

Expense

Average

Yield/

Rate

Average

Balance

Interest

Income/

Expense

Average

Yield/

Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Short-term investments

Debt securities, taxable

Debt securities, tax exempt (1)

Loans held for sale

Total loans (2)

Total interest-earning assets

Noninterest-earning assets

Total assets

Funding sources:

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Deposits:

Transaction accounts

Time deposits

Total interest-bearing deposits

Total interest-bearing liabilities

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:

Noninterest-bearing deposits

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

Total noninterest-bearing liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Net interest income

Net interest spread

Net interest margin

Taxable-equivalent yield of 2.69% as of December 31, 2025, applying a 24.1% effective tax rate

Average loan balances include monthly average nonaccrual loans of $5.97 million, $12.4 million and $18.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024:

Total interest income on loans decreased $1.9 million, or 1.6%, to $117.5 million, due to decreased loan yields as discussed below;

Yields on our interest-earning assets totaled 7.24%, a decrease of 55 basis points which was attributable to lower loan yields of 64 basis points, a decrease in yield on short term investments of 83 basis points, and a decrease in yield on taxable debt securities of 47 basis points; and

Net interest margin for the years ended 2025 and 2024 was 4.94% and 5.11%, respectively.

Table of Contents

For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

Total interest income on loans increased $9.6 million, or 8.7%, to $119.4 million, which was attributable to a $76.0 million increase in the average balance of loans to $1.39 billion during the year ended 2024 as compared with the average balance of loans of $1.32 billion for the year ended 2023, and increased loan yields as discussed below;

Yields on our interest-earning assets totaled 7.79%, an increase of 48 basis points which was attributable to higher loan yields of 21 basis points, an increase in yield on short term investments of 13 basis points, and an increase in yield on taxable debt securities of 96 basis points; and

Net interest margin for the years ended 2024 and 2023 was 5.11% and 4.97%, respectively.

The Federal Reserve (“FED”) influences the general market rates of interest, including the deposit and loan rates offered by many financial institutions. Our loan portfolio is significantly affected by changes in the prime interest rate. For the three-year period between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2025, the prime rate fluctuated between a high of 8.50%, and a low of 6.75%.

Interest income on short-term investments increased $594,000, or 6.4%, to $9.9 million for year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2024, due to an increase in the average balances of $50.9 million, or 27.6% and a yield decrease of 83 basis points.  Interest income on short-term investments increased $740,000, or 8.6%, to $9.3 million for year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, due to an increase in the average balances of $9.7 million, or 5.6% and a yield increase of 13 basis points.

Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits totaled $40.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $45.3 million for 2024, a decrease of $4.5 million, or 9.8%. The decrease was related to the cost of interest-bearing deposits decreasing to 3.25% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 3.98% for the year ended December 31, 2024.  Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits totaled $45.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $39.0 million for 2023, an increase of $6.3 million, or 16.3%. The increase was related to the cost of interest-bearing deposits increasing to 3.98% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 3.60% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Net interest margin for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was 4.94%, 5.11% and 4.97%, respectively.

The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income during the period shown. Information is provided with respect to (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior rate) and (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume).

Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Expenses

For the Year Ended

For the Year Ended

December 31, 2025 vs 2024

December 31, 2024 vs 2023

Change due to:

Change due to:

Volume (1)

Rate (1)

Interest

Volume (1)

Rate (1)

Interest

Variance

Variance

(Dollars in thousands)

(Dollars in thousands)

Increase (decrease) in interest income:

Short-term investments

Debt securities

Total loans

Total increase (decrease) in interest income

Increase (decrease) in interest expense:

Deposits:

Transaction accounts

Time deposits

Total interest-bearing deposits

Total increase (decrease) in interest expense

Increase (Decrease) in net interest income

Variances attributable to both volume and rate are allocated on a consistent basis between rate and volume based on the absolute value of the variances in each category.

Table of Contents

Weighted Average Yield of Debt Securities

The following table summarizes the maturity distribution schedule with corresponding weighted average taxable equivalent yields of the debt securities portfolio at December 31, 2025. The following table presents securities at their expected maturities, which may differ from contractual maturities. The Company manages its debt securities portfolio for liquidity, as a tool to execute its asset/liability management strategy, and for pledging requirements for public funds:

As of December 31, 2025

After One Year But

After Five Years But

Within One Year

Within Five Years

Within Ten Years

After Ten Years

Total

Amount

Yield *

Amount

Yield *

Amount

Yield *

Amount

Yield *

Amount

Yield *

Available-for-sale

(Dollars in thousands)

U.S. federal agencies

Mortgage-backed securities

State and political subdivisions

U.S. treasuries

Corporate debt securities

Total

Percentage of total

*Yield is on a taxable-equivalent basis using 21% tax rate

Provision for Credit Losses

For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024:

The provision for credit losses increased from $0 to $700,000, reflecting routine adjustments within our allowance for credit losses estimation methodology; and

The allowance as a percentage of loans decreased by 7 basis points to 1.21%.

For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

The provision for credit losses decreased from $21.1 million to $0; and

The allowance as a percentage of loans decreased by 16 basis points to 1.28%.

The decrease in the provision was primarily due to the impact of a single loan customer that filed for bankruptcy in 2023, resulting in a $16.5 million charge-off recorded during that period.

Income Taxes

We file a consolidated income tax return and recognize deferred taxes based upon the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The process of determining the accruals for income taxes involves the exercise of considerable judgment regarding tax rates, laws, and the implementation of tax planning strategies.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, all of our income before income taxes was generated from domestic operations. We do not currently have exposure to foreign tax jurisdictions; as such, our jurisdictional tax mix remains concentrated within the United States and specific state jurisdictions, primarily Oklahoma.

Our provision for income taxes was $13.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $14.7 million for 2024. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 24.13% in 2025, compared to 24.28% in 2024. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes (net of federal benefit) and nondeductible expenses. The year-over-year rate change was primarily driven by the impact of Oklahoma state taxes and certain nondeductible reconciling items. Cash taxes paid during 2025 totaled $13.7 million, compared to $15.1 million in 2024, reflecting our domestic jurisdictional profile and the timing of estimated tax payments.

Noninterest Income

The following table sets forth the major components of our noninterest income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Table of Contents

For the Years Ended

For the Years Ended

December 31,

December 31,

$ Increase

% Increase

$ Increase

% Increase

(Decrease)

(Decrease)

(Decrease)

(Decrease)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Dollars in thousands)

Noninterest income:

Mortgage lending income

Gain (Loss) on sales, prepayments, and calls of available-for-sale debt securities

Service charges on deposit accounts

Other

Total noninterest income

For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024:

Other noninterest income was $6.2 million compared to $9.9 million, a decrease of $3.7 million, or 37.0%.  The decrease was primarily attributable to income related to the operation of oil and gas assets acquired during the fourth quarter of 2023, see Note 2 of the financial statements.

For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

Other noninterest income was $9.9 million compared to $8.1 million, an increase of $1.9 million, or 23.1%.  The increase was primarily attributable to income related to the operation of oil and gas assets acquired during the fourth quarter of 2023, see Note 2 of the financial statements.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $38.9 million compared to $37.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.8 million or 4.9%. Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $37.1 million compared to $33.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $3.7 million or 11.0%. The following table sets forth the major components of our noninterest expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

For the Years Ended

For the Years Ended

December 31,

December 31,

$ Increase

(Decrease)

% Increase

(Decrease)

$ Increase

(Decrease)

% Increase

(Decrease)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Dollars in thousands)

Noninterest expense:

Salaries and employee benefits

Furniture and equipment

Occupancy

Data and item processing

Accounting, marketing, and legal fees

Regulatory assessments

Advertising and public relations

Travel, lodging and entertainment

Other expense

Total noninterest expense

For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024:

Salaries and employee benefits expense was $22.6 million compared to $20.8 million, an increase of $1.9 million, or 8.9%. The increase was primarily attributable to overall increases in compensation due to the performance of the Company and to remain competitive.

For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

Salaries and employee benefits expense was $20.8 million compared to $17.4 million, an increase of $3.4 million, or 19.6%. The increase was primarily attributable to overall increases in compensation due to the performance of the Company and to remain competitive.

Table of Contents

Financial Condition

The following discussion of our financial condition compares December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

Total Assets

Total assets increased $223.8 million, or 12.9%, to $1.96 billion as of December 31, 2025, as compared to $1.74 billion as of December 31, 2024 and $1.77 billion as of December 31, 2023.

Loan Portfolio

Our loans represent the largest portion of our earning assets. The quality and diversification of the loan portfolio is an important consideration when reviewing our financial condition. As of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, our gross loans were $1.61 billion, $1.40 billion and $1.36 billion, respectively.

The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major category in our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

As of December 31,

Amount

% of Total

Amount

% of Total

Amount

% of Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Total commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Gross loans

Less: unearned income, net

Total Loans, net of unearned income

Less: Allowance for credit losses

Net loans

We have established internal concentration limits in the loan portfolio for CRE loans, hospitality loans, energy loans, and construction loans, among others. All loan types are within our established limits. We use underwriting guidelines to assess each borrower’s historical cash flow to determine debt service, and we further stress test the debt service under higher interest rate scenarios. Financial and performance covenants are used in commercial lending to allow us to react to a borrower’s deteriorating financial condition, should that occur. Discussion of credit risk as it relates to commercial lending, which is primarily comprised of hospitality and energy loans, is discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Table of Contents

The following tables show the contractual maturities of our gross loans as of the periods below:

As of December 31, 2025

Due after One Year

Due after Five Years

Due in One Year or Less

Through Five Years

Through Fifteen Years

Due after Fifteen Years

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Total

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Total commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Gross loans

As of December 31, 2024

Due after One Year

Due after Five Years

Due in One Year or Less

Through Five Years

Through Fifteen Years

Due after Fifteen Years

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Total

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Total commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Gross loans

As of December 31, 2023

Due after One Year

Due after Five Years

Due in One Year or Less

Through Five Years

Through Fifteen Years

Due after Fifteen Years

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Fixed

Adjustable

Total

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Total real estate

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Gross loans

Table of Contents

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance is based on management’s estimate of probable losses in the loan portfolio. In the opinion of management, the allowance is adequate to absorb estimated losses in the portfolio as of each balance sheet date. While management uses available information to analyze losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance. In analyzing the adequacy of the allowance, a comprehensive loan grading system to determine risk potential in loans is utilized together with the results of internal credit reviews.

To determine the adequacy of the allowance, the loan portfolio is broken into segments based on loan type. Historical loss experience factors by segment, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions, are used to determine an indicated allowance for each portfolio segment. These factors are evaluated and updated based on the composition of the specific loan segment. Other considerations include volumes and trends of delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, levels of bankruptcies, criticized and classified loan trends, expected losses on real estate secured loans, new credit products and policies, economic conditions, concentrations of credit risk and the experience and abilities of our lending personnel. In addition to the segment evaluations, substandard loans with a balance of $250,000 or more are individually evaluated based on facts and circumstances of the loan to determine if a specific allowance amount may be necessary. Specific allowances may also be established for loans whose outstanding balances are below the $250,000 threshold when it is determined that the risk associated with the loan differs significantly from the risk factor amounts established for its loan segment.

The allowance was $19.4 million at December 31, 2025, $17.9 million at December 31, 2024 and $19.7 million at December 31, 2023.  See the 2025 Overview for further discussion regarding management’s ongoing assessment of the adequacy of the allowance.

The following table provides an analysis of the activity in our allowance for the periods indicated:

As of December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at beginning of the period

Impact of CECL adoption

Provision for credit losses for loans

Charge-offs:

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total charge-offs

Recoveries:

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total recoveries

Net recoveries (charge-offs)

Balance at end of the period

Net recoveries (charge-offs) to average loans

Table of Contents

While the entire allowance is available to absorb losses from any and all loans, the following table represents management’s allocation of the allowance by loan category, and the percentage of allowance in each category, for the periods indicated:

As of December 31,

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

Table of Contents

Nonaccrual Loans and Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered delinquent when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more. Delinquent loans may remain on accrual status between 30 days and 90 days past due. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Typically, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability of the obligation. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Income on a nonaccrual loan is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Loans are restored to accrual status when loans become well-secured and management believes full collectability of principal and interest is probable.

Loans are evaluated for expected credit losses over their contractual term, reflecting management’s current estimate.  Loans placed on nonaccrual status and loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are considered to have elevated credit risk and are carefully considered within our current expected credit loss methodology.  Depending on a particular loan’s risk characteristics, we estimate expected credit losses using methods such as present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, observable market prices for similar assets if available, or the fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell for collateral-dependent loans. A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the expected source of repayment is primarily the liquidation of the collateral. Fair value, where utilized, is determined by independent appraisals, typically on an annual basis. Between appraisal periods, the estimated fair value may be adjusted based on specific events, such as identified deterioration of collateral quality through our credit risk monitoring, or discussions with the borrower indicating the appraised value may no longer reflect current market conditions. The estimated credit losses are recognized as an allowance for credit losses, which is a valuation account. Changes in the allowance for credit losses, whether increases or decreases, are recorded in current period earnings as provision for credit losses.

Real estate we acquire as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned, or OREO, until sold, and is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.

Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest. Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans plus OREO. Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis were $6.5 million as of December 31, 2025, $7.2 million as of December 31, 2024, and $18.9 million as of December 31, 2023. OREO was $461,000, $321,000, and $0 as of December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:

As of December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Nonaccrual loans (1)

Accruing loans 90 or more days past due

Total nonperforming assets (2)

Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans

Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans

Ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans

Ratio of allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans

Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets

(1) There are no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty included in nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) Excludes OREO of $461,000, $321,000, and $0 as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, as the balances are not considered material for separate disclosure.

Table of Contents

The following tables present an aging analysis of loans as of the dates indicated.

As of December 31, 2025

Loans 30-59

days past

due

Loans 60-89

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due and

accruing

Total past due

loans

Current

Gross loans

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

As of December 31, 2024

Loans 30-59

days past

due

Loans 60-89

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due and

accruing

Total Past

Due Loans

Current

Gross loans

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

As of December 31, 2023

Loans 30-59

days past

due

Loans 60-89

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due

Loans 90+

days past

due and

accruing

Total Past

Due Loans

Current

Gross loans

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family commercial

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

In addition to the past due and nonaccrual criteria, the Company also evaluates loans according to its internal risk grading system. Loans are segregated between pass, watch, special mention, and substandard categories. The definitions of those categories are as follows:

Pass : These loans generally conform to Bank policies, are characterized by policy-conforming advance rates on collateral, and have well-defined repayment sources. In addition, these credits are extended to borrowers and guarantors with a strong balance sheet and either substantial liquidity or a reliable income history.

Watch : These loans are still considered “Pass” credits; however, various factors such as industry stress, material changes in cash flow or financial conditions, or deficiencies in loan documentation, or other risk issues determined by the lending officer, Commercial Loan Committee or Credit Quality Committee warrant a heightened sense and frequency of monitoring.

Special mention : These loans have observable weaknesses or evidence imprudent handling or structural issues. The weaknesses require close attention, and the remediation of those weaknesses is necessary. No risk of probable loss exists. Credits in this category are expected to quickly migrate to “Watch” or “Substandard” as this is viewed as a transitory loan grade.

Substandard : These loans are not adequately protected by the sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower, but may be well-secured. The loans have defined weaknesses relative to cash flow, collateral, financial condition or other factors that might jeopardize repayment of all of the principal and interest on a timely basis. There is the possibility that a future loss will occur if weaknesses are not remediated.

Table of Contents

Substandard loans totaled $7.9 million as of December 31, 2025, a decrease of $7.3 million compared to December 31, 2024. Substandard loans totaled $15.2 million as of December 31, 2024, a decrease of $15.9 million compared to December 31, 2023. The total net decrease in substandard loans in 2025 as compared to 2024, is comprised of a net decrease in commercial and industrial substandard loans primarily related to one note totaling $3.9 million with no specific reserve, and a net decrease in commercial real estate primarily related to one note totaling $3.0 million with a $0.2 million specific reserve.

Outstanding loan balances categorized by internal risk grades as of the periods indicated are summarized as follows:

As of December 31, 2025

Pass

Watch

Special

mention

Substandard

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

As of December 31, 2024

Pass

Watch

Special

mention

Substandard

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

As of December 31, 2023

Pass

Watch

Special

mention

Substandard

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Construction & development

1-4 family real estate

Commercial real estate - other

Commercial & industrial

Agricultural

Consumer

Total

Table of Contents

Deposits

We gather deposits primarily through our twelve branch locations and online through our website. We offer a variety of deposit products including demand deposit accounts and interest-bearing products, such as savings accounts and certificates of deposit. We put continued effort into gathering noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts through loan production cross-selling, customer referrals, marketing efforts and various involvement with community networks. Some of our interest-bearing deposits were obtained through brokered transactions. We participate in the CDARS program, where customer funds are placed into multiple certificates of deposit, each in an amount under the standard FDIC insurance maximum of $250,000, and placed at a network of banks across the United States.  We also participate in the One-Way Buy Insured Cash Sweep service and similar services, which provide for one-way buy transactions among banks for the purpose of purchasing cost-effective floating-rate funding without collateralization or stock purchase requirements.

Of our interest-bearing deposits, some were obtained through brokered transactions. As of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, brokered deposits were $205.6 million, $225.5 million, and $50.1 million, respectively. To manage liquidity and provide insurance for customer funds, the Company participates in reciprocal deposit programs, such as CDARS and ICS. At December 31, 2025, reciprocal deposits totaled $576.5 million.

Uninsured deposits are defined as the portion of deposit accounts in U.S. offices that exceed the FDIC insurance limit and amounts in any other uninsured investment or deposit account that are classified as deposits and are not subject to any federal or state deposit insurance regimes. Total uninsured deposits were $391.7 million and $354.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, as calculated per regulatory guidance. This was approximately 23.2% and 23.4% of deposits as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Total deposits as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were $1.70 billion, $1.52 billion and $1.59 billion, respectively. The following table sets forth deposit balances by certain categories as of the dates indicated and the percentage of each deposit category to total deposits.

For the Year Ended December 31,

Amount

Percentage of

Total

Amount

Percentage of

Total

Amount

Percentage of

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Noninterest-bearing demand

Interest-bearing transaction deposits

Savings deposits

Time deposits (less than $250,000)

Time deposits ($250,000 or more)

Total interest-bearing deposits

Total deposits

The following table summarizes our average deposit balances and weighted average rates for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

For the Year Ended December 31,

Average

Balance

Weighted

Average Rate

Average

Balance

Weighted

Average Rate

Average

Balance

Weighted

Average Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Noninterest-bearing demand

Interest-bearing transaction deposits

Savings deposits

Time deposits

Total interest-bearing deposits

Total deposits

Table of Contents

The following tables set forth the maturity of time deposits as of the dates indicated below:

As of December 31, 2025 Maturity Within:

Three Months

Three to Six

Months

Six to 12

Months

After 12

Months

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Time deposits (less than $250,000)

Time deposits ($250,000 or more)

Total time deposits

As of December 31, 2024 Maturity Within:

Three Months

Three to Six

Months

Six to 12

Months

After 12

Months

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Time deposits (less than $250,000)

Time deposits ($250,000 or more)

Total time deposits

Liquidity

Liquidity refers to the measure of our ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting our operating, capital and strategic cash flow needs, all at a reasonable cost. We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all short-term and long-term cash requirements. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders.

Our liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and access to alternative sources of funds. Our liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits in correspondent banks and fed funds sold. Other available sources of liquidity include wholesale deposits and borrowings from correspondent banks and FHLB advances.

Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily met through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in our loan portfolios, and increases in customer deposits. Other alternative sources of funds will supplement these primary sources to the extent necessary to meet additional liquidity requirements on either a short-term or long-term basis.

As of December 31, 2025, we had no unsecured fed funds lines with correspondent depository institutions with no amounts advanced. In addition, based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had borrowing availability with the FHLB of $213.8 million as of December 31, 2025 and $190.9 million as of December 31, 2024, and we had access to approximately $288.6 million in liquidity with the Federal Reserve Bank as of December 31, 2025 and $336.1 million as of December 31, 2024.

Table of Contents

Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking regulators. Failure to meet regulatory capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for “prompt corrective action” (described below), the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. The capital amounts and classifications are subject to qualitative judgments by the federal banking regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Qualitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy required the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1, or CET1, capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets, referred to as the “leverage ratio.” For further information, see “Supervision and Regulation – Regulatory Capital Requirements” and “Supervision and Regulation – Prompt Corrective Action Framework.”

In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, the role of capital has become fundamentally more important, as banking regulators have concluded that the amount and quality of capital held by banking organizations was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severely distressed economic conditions. The Dodd-Frank Act and banking regulations promulgated by the U.S. federal banking regulators to implement Basel III have established strengthened capital standards for banks and bank holding companies and require more capital to be held in the form of common stock. In addition, the Basel III regulations implement a concept known as the “capital conservation buffer.” In general, banks, bank holding companies with more than $3.0 billion in assets and bank holding companies with publicly-traded equity are required to hold a buffer of CET1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets over each minimum capital ratio in order to avoid being subject to limits on capital distributions (e.g., dividends, stock buybacks, etc.) and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

As of December 31, 2025, the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well-capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework. There have been no conditions or events since December 31, 2025 that management believes would change this classification.

Table of Contents

The table below also summarizes the capital requirements applicable to the Bank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as the Bank’s capital ratios as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. The Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements under Basel III and the Bank was considered to be “well-capitalized” as of the dates reflected in the tables below.

Actual

With Capital

Conservation Buffer

Minimum to be “Well-

Capitalized” Under Prompt

Corrective Action

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2025

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

CET 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Company

Bank

Actual

With Capital

Conservation Buffer

Minimum to be “Well-

Capitalized” Under Prompt

Corrective Action

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2024

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

CET 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Company

Bank

Actual

With Capital

Conservation Buffer

Minimum to be “Well-

Capitalized” Under Prompt

Corrective Action

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2023

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

CET 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Company

Bank

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Company

Bank

Table of Contents

Shareholders’ equity provides a source of permanent funding, allows for future growth and provides a cushion to withstand unforeseen adverse developments. Total shareholders’ equity increased to $251.0 million as of December 31, 2025, compared to $213.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and $170.3 million as of December 31, 2023. The increases were driven by retained capital from net income during the periods.

Contractual Obligations

The following tables contain supplemental information regarding our total contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Payments Due as of December 31, 2025

Within One

Year

One to Three

Years

Three to Five

Years

After Five

Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Deposits without a stated maturity

Time deposits

Operating lease commitments

Total contractual obligations

Payments Due as of December 31, 2024

Within One

Year

One to Three

Years

Three to Five

Years

After Five

Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Deposits without a stated maturity

Time deposits

Operating lease commitments

Total contractual obligations

We believe that we will be able to meet our contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. We expect to maintain adequate cash levels through profitability, loan repayment and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. We have in place various borrowing mechanisms for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheet. The contractual or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement we have in particular classes of financial instruments.  To control this credit risk, the Company uses the same underwriting standards as it uses for loans recorded on the balance sheet.

Loan commitments are agreements to lend to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of the customer to a third party. They are intended to be disbursed, subject to certain conditions, upon request of the borrower.

The following table summarizes commitments as of the dates presented:

As of December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Commitments to extend credit

Standby letters of credit

Total

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and conform to general practices within the industry in which we operate. To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates, assumptions and judgments based on available information. These estimates, assumptions and judgments affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and, as this information changes, actual results could differ from the estimates, assumptions and judgments reflected in the financial statement. In particular, management has identified several accounting policies that, due to the estimates, assumptions and judgments inherent in those policies, are critical in understanding our financial statements.

The following is a discussion of the critical accounting policies and significant estimates that we believe require us to make the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments. Additional information about these policies can be found in Note 1 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on the Form 10-K.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance is based on management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. In the opinion of management, the allowance is adequate to absorb estimated losses in the portfolio as of each balance sheet date. While management uses available information to analyze losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions and changes in the composition of the loan portfolio. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance. In analyzing the adequacy of the allowance, a comprehensive loan grading system to determine risk potential in loans is utilized together with the results of internal credit reviews.

To estimate the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio is segmented based on shared risk characteristics, primarily by loan type.  Historical credit loss experience for each segment, adjusted for relevant current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, is a significant input in determining the expected credit losses for each portfolio segment under the current expected credit loss methodology. These historical loss factors and adjustments are regularly evaluated and updated based on the evolving composition of each loan segment.  Other considerations in our current expected credit loss estimation process include current volumes and trends of delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, levels of bankruptcies, trends in criticized and classified loans, expected losses on real estate secured loans, impact of new credit products and policies, current and forecasted economic conditions, concentrations of credit risk, and the experience and abilities of our lending personnel in the current environment.  In addition to these segment-level estimations, loans with larger balances or unique risk profiles may be further analyzed based on specific facts and circumstances to refine the overall expected credit loss estimate.  This individual analysis helps ensure the allowance for credit losses appropriately reflects the expected losses inherent in the portfolio.  Adjustments to the segment-level or portfolio-level expected credit loss estimates may be necessary when specific loan characteristics warrant a different loss expectation than indicated by the segment risk factors.

Table of Contents