WAFD Wafd Inc - 10-K

Item 1A.              Risk Factors

Ownership of our Common Stock involves risk. Investors should carefully consider, in addition to the other information

included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors. The risks described below may adversely affect our

business, financial condition and results of operations. These risks are not the only risks we face; additional risks and

uncertainties not currently known or that are currently considered to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect

our business.

Operational Risks

Fluctuating interest rates could adversely affect our business.

Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income, which is significantly affected by

interest rates. Interest rates are highly sensitive to factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions and policies

set by governmental and regulatory bodies.   We principally manage interest rate risk by managing our volume and mix of our

earning assets and funding liabilities. If we are unable to manage this risk effectively, our business, financial condition and

results of operations could be materially affected.   Rapid changes in interest rates make it difficult for the Bank to balance its

loan and deposit portfolios, which may adversely affect our results of operations by, for example, reducing asset yields or

spreads, or having other adverse impacts on our business. Higher than expected inflation could lead to higher interest rates,

which could, in turn, increase the borrowing costs of our customers, making it more difficult for them to repay their loans or

other obligations. High interest rates could also push down asset prices and weaken economic activity. Conversely, falling rates

can initially reduce our net interest income as our floating-rate assets tend to be more immediately responsive to changes in

market rates than most deposit liabilities. In addition, a decline in market interest rates could increase loan prepayments, leading

to reinvestment in lower-yielding assets, reducing income.

Our net interest income is the difference (or “spread”) between the interest earned on loans, securities and other

interest-earning assets and the interest paid on deposits, borrowings, and other interest-bearing liabilities. The level of net

interest income is a function of the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the spread

between the amounts of the yield on such assets and the cost of such liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing

and the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by such external factors as the

local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal

Reserve Board of Governors (the “FOMC”) and market interest rates. Furthermore, movements in interest rates, the pace at

which such movements occur and the volume and mix of our interest-bearing assets and liabilities influence the level of net

interest income. The cost of customer deposits is largely based on short-term interest rates, the level of which is driven by the

FOMC. However, the yields generated by long-term loans, such as single-family residential and multifamily mortgage loans,

and securities are typically driven by longer-term (10 year) interest rates, which are set by the market and vary from day to day.

Because of the differences in maturities and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing

liabilities, changes in interest rates do not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets and

interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Accordingly, fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect our interest rate

spread, and, in turn, our profitability. For example, if interest rates on interest-earning assets decline more quickly than the rates

on interest-bearing liabilities, as we saw in our recent fiscal year, the result is a reduction in our net interest income and with it,

a reduction in earnings.   The same could be true if the interest rates on interest-bearing liabilities increase at a faster pace than

the interest rates on interest-earning assets. In addition, changes in interest rates could affect the Bank's ability to originate loans

and attract and retain deposits; the fair values of its securities and other financial assets; the fair values of its liabilities; and the

average lives of its loan and securities portfolios. Decreases in interest rates could lead to increased loan refinancing activity,

which, in turn, would alter the balance of our interest-earning assets and impact net interest income. Increases in interest rates

could reduce loan refinancing activity, which could result in compression of the spread between loan yields and more quickly

rising funding rates. We may also be exposed to movements in market rates to a degree not experienced by other financial

institutions, as a result of our significant portfolio of fixed-rate single-family home loans, which are longer-term in nature than

the customer accounts and borrowed money that constitute our liabilities.

We are currently operating in an environment in which the Federal Reserve has shifted toward reducing interest rates,

although modestly, with cuts implemented in September and October 2025.   However, the inflationary outlook remains

uncertain and if the Federal Reserve were to reverse course and rapidly increase the target federal funds rate, the increase in

rates could continue to constrain our interest rate spread and may adversely affect our business forecasts. On the other hand,

further rapid decreases in interest rates, may result in a change in the mix of noninterest and interest-bearing accounts. New

appointments to the Board of Governors at the Federal Reserve could result in a change in monetary policy and interest rates.

We are unable to predict changes in interest rates, which are affected by factors beyond our control, including inflation,

deflation, recession, unemployment, money supply and other changes in financial markets.

We are exposed to risks related to fraud and cyber-attacks.

Cybersecurity, and the continued development and enhancement of controls, processes, and practices designed to

protect customer information, systems, computers, software, data, and networks from attack, damage, or unauthorized access

remain a priority for the Company. As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional

resources to continue to enhance, modify, and refine our protective measures against these evolving threats.

We are continuously enhancing and expanding our digital products and services to meet customer and business needs

with desired outcomes. These digital products and services often include storing, transmitting, and processing confidential

customer, employee, financial, and business information. Due to the nature of this information, and the value it has for internal

and external threat actors, we, and our third-party service providers, continue to be subject to cyber-attacks and fraud activity,

including through the use of rapidly evolving AI technologies, that attempts to gain unauthorized access, misuse information

and information systems, steal information, disrupt or degrade information systems, spread malicious software, and other illegal

activities.

We believe we have robust preventive, detective, and administrative safeguards and security controls to minimize the

probability and magnitude of a material event. However, if we are unable to maintain them, we may fall victim to a material

adverse cybersecurity event. Because the tactics and techniques used by threat actors to bypass safeguards and security controls

change frequently, and often are not recognized until after an event has occurred, we may be unable to anticipate future tactics

and techniques, or to implement adequate and timely protective measures. The use of AI technologies by cybercriminals

continues to be a major concern, as deep-fake technologies continue to improve, allowing bad actors to manipulate or fabricate

visual and audio content and convincingly fake identities.

We are subject to additional risk with respect to third-party vendors that process or handle personal and financial data

of our customers, partners, suppliers or employees.  These third-party vendors may themselves use other vendors to store or

process our data, which further elevates our risk exposure.  Our third-party vendors have been, and may in the future be, subject

to security incidents, including those caused by computer viruses, malware, ransomware, phishing attempts, social engineering,

hacking or other means of unauthorized access.  Control failures of security measures managed by our third-party service

providers could cause us to suffer damage to our reputation and could require us to incur substantial expenses, which could

have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

To date, we have no knowledge of a material cyber-attack or other material information security incident affecting the

systems we operate and control. However, our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other

things, the evolving nature of these threats, the continuation of a remote or hybrid work environment for our employees and

service providers, and our plans to continue to implement and expand digital banking services, expand operations, and use

third-party information systems that includes cloud-based infrastructure, platforms, and software. Recent instances of attacks

specifically targeting banks and financial services businesses indicate that the risk to our systems remains significant. We, and

our third-party providers, are regularly the subject of attempted attacks and the ability of the attackers and the method of their

attacks continues to grow in sophistication. Threat actors, including nation state attackers, could also use artificial intelligence

for malicious purposes, increasing the frequency and complexity of their attacks.  Potential threats to our technologies, systems,

networks, and other devices, as well as those of our employees, third party vendors, and other third parties with whom we

interact, include Distributed Denial of Service ("DDoS") attacks, computer viruses, hacking, malware, ransomware, credential

stuffing, phishing, and other forms of social engineering. Such cyber-attacks and other security incidents are designed to lead to

various harmful outcomes, such as unauthorized transactions against our customers’ accounts, unauthorized or unintended

access to confidential information, or the release, gathering, monitoring, disclosure, loss, destruction, corruption, disablement,

encryption, misuse, modification or other processing of confidential or sensitive information (including personal information),

intellectual property, software, methodologies or business secrets, disruption, sabotage or degradation of service, systems or

networks, or other damage. These threats may derive from, among other things, error, fraud or malice on the part of our

employees, insiders, or third parties or may result from accidental technological failure. Any of these parties may also attempt

to fraudulently induce employees, service providers, customers, partners or other third-party users of our systems or networks to

disclose confidential or sensitive information (including personal information) in order to gain access to our systems, networks

or data or that of our customers, partners, or third parties with whom we interact, or to unlawfully obtain monetary benefit

through misdirected or otherwise improper payments or through the creation of false identifies. A cyber-attack or other security

incident on the systems we operate and control could cause us to suffer damage to our reputation, result in productivity losses,

require us to incur substantial expenses, including response costs associated with investigation and resumption of services,

remediation expenses costs associated with customer notification and credit monitoring services, increased insurance premiums,

regulatory penalties and fines, and costs associated with civil litigation, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on

our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We also face additional costs when our customers become the victims of cyber-attacks. For example, various retailers

have reported that they have been the victims of a cyber-attack in which large amounts of their customers’ data, including debit

and credit card information, is obtained. Our customers may be the victims of phishing scams, providing cyber criminals access

to their accounts, or credit or debit card information. In these situations, we incur costs to replace compromised cards and

address fraudulent transaction activity affecting our customers, as well as potential increases to insurance premiums for policies

we may maintain to cover these losses.

Both internal and external fraud and theft are risks. If confidential customer, employee, monetary, or business

information were to be mishandled or misused, we could suffer significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage, and

financial loss. Such mishandling or misuse could include, for example, if such information were erroneously provided to parties

who are not permitted to have the information, either by fault of our systems, employees, or counterparties, or if such

information were to be intercepted or otherwise inappropriately taken by third parties, or if our own employees abused their

access to financial systems to commit fraud against our customers and the Company. These activities can occur in connection

with activities such as the origination of loans and lines of credit, ACH transactions, wire transactions, ATM transactions, and

checking transactions, and result in financial losses as well as reputational damage.

Operational errors can include information system misconfiguration, clerical or record-keeping errors, or disruptions

from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems. Because the nature of the financial services business involves

a high volume of transactions, certain errors, which may be automated or manual, may be repeated or compounded before they

are discovered and successfully rectified. Because of the Company’s large transaction volume and its necessary dependence

upon automated systems to record and process these transactions, there is a risk that technical flaws, tampering, or manipulation

of those automated systems, arising from events wholly or partially beyond its control, may give rise to disruption of service to

customers and to financial loss or liability.

The occurrence of any of these risks could result in a diminished ability for us to operate our business, additional costs

to correct defects, potential liability to customers, reputational damage, and regulatory intervention, any of which could

adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in our business operations and divestitures of lines of business may not be successful, resulting in a negative

impact on our operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to compete depends on various factors, including our ability to develop and successfully execute strategic

plans and initiatives. However, we may not achieve some or all of our strategic objectives. Expected cost savings and revenue

growth from these initiatives may not materialize, and the costs of implementation may be greater than anticipated.

Additionally, changes in economic conditions beyond our control, such as fluctuations in interest rates, may affect our ability to

achieve our objectives. Failure to execute or achieve the anticipated outcomes of our strategic initiatives could negatively

impact market perceptions of our company and impede our growth and profitability.

In January 2025, we made a significant shift in focus to our business model and announced that WaFd Bank would be

exiting the single-family mortgage lending market to focus on commercial loans, including small business and SBA loans. We

made this determination for several reasons: first because home loans are seen as a commodity, with the majority of

originations sold to US government sponsored enterprises like Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which has caused our profitability

to decrease and credit risk to increase, and second, because technology has made it easy for consumers to refinance, increasing

our interest rate risk.  While we have estimated annual expense savings of approximately $17 million from our exit from the

single-family mortgage business, this change involves a number of risks, including costs and expenses (including a $5.4 million

restructuring charge), the potential loss of customer relationships, community goodwill and revenues and earnings.  Exiting this

business could impact future earnings if we are unable to offset the loss of revenue associated with the single-family mortgage

business against the anticipated expense savings.  In addition, the shift in business focus to commercial loans will require

varying levels of management resources, which may divert our attention from other business operations.  If we are unable to

realize the expected benefits of these types of changes in our business operations, or execute on other strategic plans and

initiatives, our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted.

Current uncertain economic conditions pose challenges, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and

results of operations.

We are operating in an uncertain and rapidly changing economic environment.  Global trade tensions, AI impacts, and

inflation risks continue to affect the global economic environment. The recent U.S. government shutdown has negatively

impacted U.S. economic growth, and the suspension of government data collection and publication left policymakers without

access to the latest data on employment, inflation, and economic growth, increasing the risk that a wrong decision will be made.

An unpredictable or volatile political environment in the United States could negatively impact business and market conditions,

economic growth, financial stability, and business, consumer, investor, and regulatory sentiments, any one or more of which

could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.  Deterioration in the U.S. credit and

financial markets could result in losses or significant deterioration in the fair value of our U.S. government issued, sponsored or

guaranteed investments.  At September 30, 2025 , we had $3.5 billion invested in U.S. government and agency obligations, and

further downgrades could affect the stability of securities issued or guaranteed by the federal government and the valuation or

liquidity of our portfolio of such investment securities.

Economic uncertainty, or a recessionary or stagnant economy, could result in financial stress on the Bank's borrowers,

which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Deteriorating conditions in the regional

economies we serve, or in certain sectors of those economies, in excess of the reasonable and supportable forecasts we used to

estimate credit losses, could drive losses beyond those provided for in our allowance for loan losses. We could also face the

following risks in connection with the following events:

• Market developments and economic stagnation or slowdown may affect consumer confidence levels and may cause

adverse changes in payment patterns, resulting in increased delinquencies and default rates on loans and other credit

facilities.

• The processes we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses and other reserves may prove to be unreliable. Such

estimates rely upon complex modeling inputs and judgments, including forecasts of economic conditions, which may

be rendered inaccurate and/or no longer subject to accurate forecasting.

• Our ability to assess the creditworthiness of our borrowers may be impaired if the models and approaches we use to

select, manage, and underwrite loans become less predictive of future charge-offs.

• Regulatory scrutiny of the industry could increase, leading to increased regulation of the industry that could lead to a

higher cost of compliance, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities and increase our exposure to litigation or

fines.

• Ineffective monetary policy or other market conditions could cause rapid changes in interest rates and asset values that

would have a materially adverse impact on our profitability and overall financial condition.

• Further erosion in the fiscal condition of the U.S. Treasury could lead to new taxes that would limit our ability to

pursue growth and return profits to shareholders.

If these conditions or similar ones continue to exist or worsen, we could experience continuing or increased adverse

effects on our financial condition.

Changes to monetary policy by the Federal Reserve could adversely impact our results of operations.

The Federal Reserve is responsible for regulating the supply of money in the United States, including open market

operations used to stabilize prices in times of economic stress, as well as setting monetary policies. These activities strongly

influence our rate of return on certain investments, our hedge effectiveness for mortgage servicing and our mortgage origination

pipeline, as well as our costs of funds for lending and investing. New appointments to the Board of Governors at the Federal

Reserve, or increased political pressures on the Federal Reserve, could impact monetary policy, which will directly, impact our

liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and capital position.

Unstable global economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition, and

operations.

The global credit and financial markets have from time-to-time experienced extreme volatility and disruptions,

including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth,

increases in unemployment rates, high rates of inflation, and uncertainty about economic stability. Changes in trade policies by

the United States or other countries, such as tariffs or retaliatory tariffs, may cause inflation which could impact the prices of

products sold or purchased by our borrowers or the demand for their products, negatively impacting their profitability and

making it difficult for our borrowers to repay their loans.   The financial markets and the global economy may also be adversely

affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the

evolving conflict in the Middle East. These events have increased and are expected to continue to increase volatility in

commodity and energy prices, including oil, and continuing hostilities raise the possibility of supply disruptions.   Rising

tensions and global instability have the potential to affect consumer confidence in the U.S. and abroad, therefore having a

broader effect on financial markets. Changes in trade policies or sanctions imposed by the United States and other countries in

response to such conflict could further adversely impact the financial markets and the global economy, and any economic

countermeasures by the affected countries or others could exacerbate market and economic instability. Our general business

strategy may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, volatile business environment, hostile third-party action or

continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions.

Inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Inflation rates remained above the FOMC’s target rate in 2025 and were above the target of 2% as of September 30,

2025. Inflation has led to increased costs for our customers, making it more difficult for them to repay their loans or other

obligations and increasing our credit risk. The inflationary outlook in the United States points to the probability of continued,

somewhat elevated inflation, with continued uncertainty around the impact of tariffs. Further reductions in interest rates by the

FOMC could exacerbate inflationary pressures.   If heightened inflation continues, sustained higher interest rates by the FOMC

may be needed, which could push down asset prices and weaken economic activity. A deterioration in economic conditions in

the United States and our markets could result in a further increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases

in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for our products and services, all of which, could adversely affect our

business, financial condition and results of operations.

The development and use of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our

business.

The banking and financial services industry continually experiences technological changes, with frequent introductions

of new technology-driven products and services, including recent and rapid developments in AI, including with agentic AI. Our

future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our clients by using technology to provide products

and services that will satisfy client demands for convenience, as well as to assess the proper operation of AI models and

capabilities to create additional efficiencies in our operations. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-

driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our clients. In addition, the

implementation of technological changes and upgrades to maintain current systems and integrate new ones may also create

service interruptions, transaction processing errors, and system conversion delays and may cause us to fail to comply with

applicable laws. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage the risks associated with our increased

dependency on technology. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the banking and financial

services industry could negatively affect our revenue and profitability.

We or our third-party (or fourth party) vendors, customers or counterparties may develop or incorporate AI technology

in certain business processes, services, or products. The development and use of AI presents a number of risks and challenges to

our business. The legal and regulatory environment relating to AI is uncertain and rapidly evolving, both in the U.S. and

internationally, and includes regulatory schemes targeted specifically at AI as well as provisions in intellectual property,

privacy, consumer protection, employment, and other laws applicable to the use of AI. These evolving laws and regulations

could require changes in our implementation of AI technology and increase our compliance costs and the risks to us of non-

compliance. AI models, particularly generative or agentic AI models, may produce outputs or take action that is incorrect, that

reflects biases included in the data on which they are trained, that results in the release of private, confidential, or proprietary

information, that infringes on the intellectual property rights of others, or that is otherwise harmful. In addition, the complexity

of many AI models makes it difficult to understand why they are generating particular outputs. This limited transparency

increases the challenges associated with assessing the proper operation of AI models, understanding and monitoring the

capabilities of the AI models, reducing erroneous output, eliminating bias, and complying with regulations that require

documentation or explanation of the basis on which decisions are made. Further, we may rely on AI models developed by third

parties, and, to that extent, would be dependent in part on the manner in which those third parties develop and train their

models, including risks arising from the inclusion of any unauthorized material in the training data for their models and the

effectiveness of the steps these third parties have taken to limit the risks associated with the output of their models, matters over

which we may have limited visibility. Any of these risks could expose us to liability or adverse legal or regulatory

consequences and harm our reputation and the public perception of our business or the effectiveness of our security measures.

We are exposed to risks related to our operational, technological, and third-party provided technology infrastructure.

We rely extensively on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of information technology and

telecommunications systems to conduct our business. This includes internally developed systems, internally managed systems,

outsourced systems provided by third-party service providers, internet facing digital products and services, mobile technologies

and the on-going operational maintenance of each service. Any disruptions, failures, or inaccuracies of these systems, including

changes and improvements, could result in our inability to service customers, manage operations, manage risk, meet regulatory

obligations, or provide timely and accurate financial reporting which could damage our reputation, result in loss of customer

business, subject us to regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability.

In many instances, the Company’s products and services to customers are dependent upon third-party service

providers, who provide necessary, or critical, services and support. Any disruption of such services, or an unplanned

termination of a third-party license or service agreement related thereto, could adversely affect our ability to provide necessary

products and services for our customers.

In recent years, we have made a significant ongoing investment to enhance our technological capabilities with the

objectives of enhancing customer experience, growing revenue, and improving operating efficiency. There is a risk that these

investments may not provide the anticipated benefits and/or will prove significantly more costly and time consuming to

produce. If this occurs, we may see a loss of customers, and our financial results and ability to execute on our strategic plan

may be adversely impacted.

We are subject to complex state and federal laws, rules, regulations and standards regarding data privacy and

cybersecurity, which impact how we conduct our business.

We are subject to complex and evolving data privacy laws, rules, regulations, standards and contractual obligations

(collectively “data privacy laws”) that relate to the privacy and security of the personal information of customers, employees or

others.  These data privacy laws require, among other things, that we make certain privacy disclosures, maintain a robust

security program, require disclosures and notifications during a cyber or information security incident, and regulate our

collection, use, sharing, retention, and safeguarding of consumer or employee information.  State and federal regulators may

also hold us responsible for privacy and data protection obligations performed by our third-party service providers while

providing services to us, as well as disclosures and notifications during a cyber or information security incident.  Consumers

also have the option to direct banks and other financial institutions not to share information about transactions and experiences

with affiliated companies for the purpose of marketing products or services.

State regulators have also been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and

regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity

programs and provide detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. Many

states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification and data privacy requirements. We expect this

trend of state-level activity in those areas to continue and are continually monitoring developments in the states in which the

Company operates.  As the regulatory environment becomes more rigorous, we anticipate that compliance with these

requirements will result in additional costs and expenses, and may impact the way we conduct business.  Our failure to comply

with data privacy laws could result in potentially significant regulatory or governmental investigations, litigation, fines, or

sanctions, or cause damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or

results of operations.

Our allowance for credit losses ("ACL") may not be adequate to cover future loan losses, which could adversely affect

our financial condition and results of operations.

If our customers are unable to repay their loans according to the original terms, and the collateral securing the payment

of those loans is insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance, we will be required to characterize the loan as non-performing

or write it off as a loss. We maintain an ACL to provide for loan defaults and non-performance, however, losses may exceed the

value of the collateral securing the loans and the allowance may not fully cover any excess loss.

We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the

creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of

loans. Our ACL is based on these judgments, as well as historical loss experience and an evaluation of the other risks associated

with our loan portfolio, including but not limited to, economic trends and conditions, changes in underwriting standards,

management, competition, and trends in delinquencies, non-accrual and adversely classified loans, the size and composition of

the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and geographic concentrations within the portfolio. Banking regulatory

agencies, as part of their examination process, review our loans and ACL. If our assumptions and judgments used to determine

the ACL prove to be incorrect, if the value of the collateral securing the loans decreases substantially or if regulators disagree

with our judgments, we may need to increase the ACL in amounts that exceed our expectations. Material additions to the ACL,

or losses in excess of the ACL, would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risks and losses to us.

Our risk management framework is comprised of various processes, systems and strategies designed to manage the

types of risks to which we are subject, including, among others, credit, market, liquidity, interest rate, cybersecurity and

compliance. Our framework also includes financial or other modeling methodologies that involve management assumptions and

judgment. Because we rely on assumptions and judgment calls, our risk management framework may not be effective under all

circumstances and may not adequately mitigate any risk of loss to us. If our framework is not effective, we could suffer

unexpected losses and our financial condition, operations or business prospects could be materially and adversely affected. We

may also be subject to potentially adverse regulatory consequences.

If we are not able to retain or attract key employees, or if we were to suffer the loss of a significant number of

employees, we could experience a disruption in our business.

If a key employee or a substantial number of employees depart or become unable to perform their duties, it may

negatively impact our ability to conduct business as usual. Unanticipated departures, including in connection with acquisition

activity, such as our recent acquisition of Luther Burbank, might require us to divert resources from other areas of our

operations, which could create additional stress for other employees, including those in key positions. The loss of qualified and

key personnel, or an inability to continue to attract, retain and motivate key personnel could adversely affect our business and

consequently impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives may materially affect the Company’s business and

results of operations.

The effects of climate change continue to raise significant concerns about the state of the environment. However,

under the new administration, federal policy has shifted to reduce the emphasis on climate change initiatives and environmental

regulations. This includes scaling back federal participation in international agreements, and reducing regulatory pressures on

businesses, including banks, to address climate-related risks. Federal legislative and regulatory proposals aimed at combating

climate change have and may continue to face greater scrutiny or diminished priority.   However, state and local regulations or

guidance relating to climate change, as well as changes in consumers’ and businesses’ behaviors and business preferences,

continue to affect our business operations.

Regardless of changes in federal policy, the effects of climate change and their unknown long-term impacts could still

have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.   The physical effects of climate change, such

as more frequent and severe weather disasters or other catastrophic events, could directly affect our business and those of our

customers, damaging or destroying our property, or the real property and other assets securing loans in our portfolios.   Such

events may also interrupt the business operations of our customers, putting them in financial difficulty, and increasing the risk

of default. If our borrowers’ insurance is insufficient to cover these losses or if insurance becomes unavailable, the value of the

collateral securing our loans could be negatively affected, potentially impacting our financial condition and results of

operations. Moreover, climate change may adversely affect regional and local economic activity, harming our customers and

the communities in which we operate. In addition, our business, reputation and ability to attract and retain employees may also

be harmed if our response to climate change is perceived to be ineffective or insufficient.

Our business is subject to the risks of pandemics, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires and other natural catastrophic

events and other events beyond our control.

A major catastrophe, such as an earthquake, tsunami, flood, fire, or other natural disaster, including those caused or

exacerbated by climate change, public health issues such as the COVID-19 or other pandemics, or other events beyond our

control, could result in a prolonged interruption of our business. For example, our headquarters is located in Seattle,

Washington and we have operations throughout the western United States, a geographical region that has been or may be

affected by earthquakes, wildfires, tsunamis, and flooding activity. Because we primarily serve individuals and businesses in

our nine-state footprint, a natural disaster likely would have a greater impact on our business, operations, and financial

condition than if our business were more geographically diverse throughout the United States.   The occurrence of any of these

natural disasters could negatively impact our performance by disrupting our operations or the operations of our customers,

which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Regulatory and Litigation Risks

Our “Needs to Improve” rating under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) may restrict our operations and limit

our ability to pursue certain strategic opportunities.

On December 27, 2024, the Bank received an overall CRA rating from the FDIC of “Needs to Improve” for the period

covering June 3, 2020 to March 26, 2024.  Based on its performance on the individual components of the CRA tests, the Bank

received a “High Satisfactory” rating on both the Investment Test and the Service Test and a “Needs to Improve” rating on the

Lending Test, which resulted in the overall “Needs to Improve” rating.  The Bank disagrees with the overall CRA rating and

has appealed.  If our appeal is unsuccessful in changing the overall CRA rating, having a “Needs to Improve” rating will result

in restrictions on certain expansionary activity, including mergers and acquisitions and the establishment and relocation of bank

branches.  This rating will also result in a loss of expedited processing of applications to undertake certain activities.  It could

also have an impact on our relationships with certain states, counties, municipalities or other public agencies to the extent

applicable law, regulation or policy limits, restricts or influences whether such entity may do business with a company that has

a below “Satisfactory” rating and, in general, could negatively affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of

operations.  These restrictions, among others, will remain in place at least until the Bank’s next CRA rating is publicly released

by the FDIC following a subsequent CRA examination which is likely to occur in 2026.  As a result of these limitations and

conditions, we may be unable or may fail to pursue, evaluate or complete transactions that might have been strategically or

competitively significant.

Non-Compliance with banking rules and regulations could result in fines or sanctions, and curtail our expansion

opportunities.

Financial institutions are required under the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “Patriot Act”) and Bank Secrecy Act

("BSA") to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money-laundering and terrorist activities.

Financial institutions are also obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of

Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These rules also require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying

and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with applicable laws and

regulations can result in a range of sanctions and enforcement actions, including the imposition of civil money penalties, formal

agreements and cease and desist orders. The Bank has in the past been subject to a Consent Order from the Office of the

Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) for its BSA program, which required the Bank to incur significant expenses to implement

an effective AML/CFT Program, including payment of a $2,500,000 civil money penalty.  In addition, the Bank was previously

subject to two Consent Orders for violations of the reporting requirements under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

(“HMDA”) which included a total of $234,000 in civil  money penalties.  Our failure or our inability to comply with the Patriot

Act, BSA statutes and regulation, HMDA or other applicable regulations could have serious business, financial and reputational

consequences for the Bank, and could result in enforcement actions, additional fines or penalties, curtailment of expansion

opportunities, restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, intervention or sanctions by regulators and costly litigation or

expensive additional controls and systems.

We operate in a highly regulated industry, which limits the manner and scope of our business activities.

We are subject to extensive supervision, regulation and examination by the WDFI, the FDIC and the CFPB. In

addition, the Federal Reserve is responsible for regulating the holding company. This regulatory structure is designed primarily

for the protection of the deposit insurance funds and consumers and not to benefit our shareholders. This regulatory structure

also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and

examination policies to address not only compliance with applicable laws and regulations (including laws and regulations

governing consumer credit, CRA, and anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws), but also capital adequacy, asset quality

and risk, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity, data reporting and various other factors. As part of this

regulatory structure, we are subject to policies and other guidance developed by the regulatory agencies with respect to capital

levels, the timing and amount of dividend payments, the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss

reserves for regulatory purposes. Under this structure the WDFI, the FDIC, the CFPB and the Federal Reserve have broad

discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on our operations if they determine, among other things, that our operations are

unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law or are otherwise inconsistent with laws and regulations or with the

supervisory policies of these agencies. This supervisory framework could materially impact the conduct, growth and

profitability of our operations. In particular, the FDIC has specific authority to take “prompt corrective action,” if the Bank’s

capital falls below its current “well capitalized” level, including limiting the Bank’s ability to take brokered deposits, requiring

the Bank to raise additional capital and subject it to progressively more severe restrictions on its operations, management and

capital distributions, and replacement of senior executive officers and directors. If the Bank ever became “critically

undercapitalized,” it would also be subject to the appointment of a conservator or receiver.

Changes in laws, regulations, government policy, oversight or increased enforcement activities by regulatory agencies

may increase our costs and adversely affect our business and operations.

New or amended laws, rules, regulations and policies to which we are subject, including those resulting from changes

in U.S. Presidential administration, could impact our operations, increase our capital requirements or substantially restrict our

growth and adversely affect our ability to operate profitably by making compliance more difficult or expensive, restricting our

ability to originate or sell loans, or impacting the amount of interest or other charges or fees earned on loans or other products.

New appointments to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors could also affect monetary policy and interest rates. Future

legislation, regulation, and changes in trade and fiscal policy, including uncertainty surrounding the ongoing operations of the

CFPB, could affect the banking industry as a whole, including our business and results of operations.   It is difficult to predict

future changes in regulation or the competitive impact that any such changes would have on our business. Any new laws, rules

and regulations could make compliance more difficult, expensive, costly to implement or may otherwise adversely affect our

business, financial condition or growth prospects. Other changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including

changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable

ways including subjecting us to additional costs, limiting the types of financial services and products we may offer, and

increasing the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products.

Additionally, actions by regulatory agencies or significant litigation against us may lead to penalties that materially

affect us. These regulations, along with the current tax, accounting, securities, insurance, and monetary laws, regulations, rules,

standards, policies, and interpretations control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement

strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and govern financial reporting and disclosures. These laws, regulations, rules,

standards, policies, and interpretations are constantly evolving and may change significantly over time. Any new regulations or

legislation or change in existing regulations or oversight, whether a change in regulatory policy or a change in a regulator’s

interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a material impact on our operations, increase our costs of regulatory

compliance and of doing business and/or otherwise adversely affect us and our profitability. Further, changes in accounting

standards can be both difficult to predict and involve judgment and discretion in their interpretation by us and our independent

registered public accounting firm. Changes could materially impact, potentially even retroactively, how we report our financial

condition and results of our operations, as could our interpretation of those changes. We cannot predict what restrictions may be

imposed upon us with future legislation.

Our failure to comply with current, or adapt to new or changing, laws, regulations or policies could result in

enforcement actions and sanctions against us by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage, along

with corrective action plans required by regulatory agencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business,

financial condition and results of operations, and the value of our common stock.

Deposit insurance premiums could increase further in the future.

FDIC insurance premiums are risk based and, accordingly, higher premiums are charged to banks that have lower

capital ratios or higher risk profiles. As a result, a decrease in the Bank’s capital ratios, or a negative evaluation by the FDIC,

may increase the Bank’s net funding cost and reduce its earnings.

The deposits of the Bank are insured by the FDIC up to legal limits and, accordingly, subjected to the payment of

FDIC deposit insurance assessments, which are determined in accordance with a defined calculation. The FDIC imposed a

special assessment to recover the losses in connection with the receiverships of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.

Increases in assessment rates or further special assessments may occur in the future, especially if there are significant additional

financial institution failures. Any future special assessments, increases in assessment rates or required prepayments in FDIC

insurance premiums could reduce our profitability or limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities, which could have

a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to various claims and litigation, which could result in significant expenses, losses and damage to our

reputation.

We are, from time to time, subject to claims and proceedings related to our operations. These claims and legal actions

could include supervisory or enforcement actions by our regulators, criminal proceedings by prosecutorial authorities, or civil

claims by our customers, former customers, contractual counterparties, and current and former employees. We may also face

class action lawsuits for, among other things, alleged violations of employment, state wage and hour and consumer protection

laws. These claims could involve large monetary demands, including civil money penalties or fines imposed by government

authorities, and significant defense costs. If such claims and legal actions are brought, and are not resolved in a manner

favorable to the Company, they could result in financial liability and/or reputational harm, which could have a material adverse

effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Banking institutions are also increasingly the target of class action lawsuits, including claims alleging deceptive

practices or violations of account terms in connection with non-sufficient funds or overdraft charges and violations of the Fair

Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”).  In 2022, the Bank paid $495,000 plus claims administrative expenses to settle a class action

lawsuit related to allegations of improper assessments of overdraft and insufficient funds fees. In May 2024, we received court

approval for the settlement of a class action claim related to alleged violations of the FLSA associated with claims for allegedly

unpaid wages and overtime for certain of our non-exempt employees under which the Bank ultimately paid approximately $2.1

million. If another class action lawsuit is filed or determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement agreement in

connection with such a matter, we could be exposed to monetary damages, reputational harm, or subject to limits on our ability

to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, and operating results.

Our real estate lending also exposes us to the risk of environmental liabilities.

In the course of our business, it is necessary to foreclose and take title to real estate, which could subject us to

environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. Hazardous substances or waste, contaminants, pollutants or sources

thereof may be discovered on properties during our ownership or after a sale to a third party. We could be held liable to a

governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these

parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic

substances or chemical releases at such properties. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be

substantial and could substantially exceed the value of the real property. In addition, as the owner or former owner of a

contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from

environmental contamination emanating from the property. We may be unable to recover costs from any third party. These

occurrences may materially reduce the value of the affected property, and we may find it difficult or impossible to use or sell

the property prior to or following any environmental remediation. If we ever become subject to significant environmental

liabilities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Market and Industry Risks

Recent negative developments affecting the banking industry, and resulting media coverage, have eroded customer

confidence in the banking system.

The high-profile bank failures of 2023 generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding

companies and, in particular, regional banks like the Company. These market developments also negatively impacted customer

confidence in the safety and soundness of regional banks. While the Department of the Treasury, the FRB, and the FDIC took

steps to ensure that depositors of the failed banks would have access to their deposits, including uninsured deposit accounts,

there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful in restoring customer confidence in regional banks and the banking

system more broadly.   If other bank failures occur and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future

due to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, it could disrupt the financial services industry

and customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed

income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact the Company’s liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest

margin, capital and results of operations.

If additional bank failures were to occur, we could face increased regulation of our industry, including increased

compliance costs and limitations on our ability to pursue business opportunities; significantly higher FDIC premiums or

additional special assessments; adverse impacts on our stock price and volatility of our Common Stock; and increased

competition for deposits due to a lack of consumer confidence in regional banks. If these conditions or similar ones continue to

exist or worsen, we could experience continuing or increased adverse effects on our financial condition.

A downturn in the real estate market would hurt our business.

The Bank’s business activities and credit exposure are concentrated in real estate lending, in particular commercial real

estate loans which are generally viewed as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans or certain other types of

loans or investments. The market for real estate is cyclical and the outlook for this sector is uncertain. A downturn in the real

estate market, accompanied by falling values and increased foreclosures would hurt our business because a large majority of our

loans are secured by real estate.

If a significant decline in real estate market values occurs, the collateral for loans will provide decreasing levels of

security. As a result, our ability to recover the principal amount due on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate will

be diminished, and we will be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans.   Because our loan portfolio contains commercial

real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of these loans may cause a significant increase in our

nonperforming loans which could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses, or an

increase in loan charge-offs, any of which would have an adverse impact, which could be material, on our business, financial

condition, and results of operations.

We own real estate as a result of foreclosures resulting from non-performing loans. If other lenders or borrowers

liquidate significant amounts of real estate in a rapid or disorderly fashion, or if the FDIC elects to dispose of significant

amounts of real estate from failed financial institutions in a similar fashion, it could have an adverse effect on the values of the

properties owned by the Company by depressing the value of these real estate holdings. In such a case, we may incur further

write-downs and charge-offs, which could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in retail distribution strategies and consumer behavior may adversely impact our business, financial condition

and results of operations.

We have significant investments in bank premises and equipment for our branch network as well as our retail work

force and other branch banking assets. Advances in technology, as well as changing customer preferences for accessing our

products and services, are requiring us to change our retail distribution strategy. As a result of the current market environment

and customer behavior, we have undertaken a branch optimization strategy that has led to the closure, consolidation or sale of

certain branches in our network. These actions could lead to losses on these assets or could adversely impact the carrying value

of other long-lived assets and may lead to increased expenditures to renovate and reconfigure remaining branches or to

otherwise further reform our retail distribution channel. In addition, any changes in our branch network strategy could adversely

impact our business, financial condition or operations if it results in the loss of customers or deposits which we rely on as a low

cost and stable source of funds for our loans and operations.

We may suffer losses in our loan portfolio due to inadequate or faulty underwriting and loan collection practices.

There are risks inherent in any loan portfolio, which we attempt to address by adhering to specific underwriting and

loan collection practices. Underwriting practices often include analysis of a borrower's prior credit history; financial statements;

tax returns; cash flow projections; valuation of collateral; personal guarantees of loans to businesses; and verification of liquid

assets. If the underwriting process fails to capture accurate information or proves to be inadequate, we may incur losses on

loans that appeared to meet our underwriting criteria, and those losses may exceed the amounts set aside as reserves in the

allowance for credit losses. Loan collection resources may be expanded to meet increases in nonperforming loans resulting

from economic downturns or to service any loans acquired, resulting in higher loan administration costs. We are also exposed

to the risk of improper documentation of foreclosure proceedings that would also increase the cost of collection.

Our operations are focused in the western United States, subjecting us to the risks of general economic conditions in

these market areas.

Substantially all of the Bank's loans are to individuals, businesses and real estate developers in the Pacific Northwest,

California, Arizona, Utah, Texas, New Mexico and Nevada. As a result, our business depends significantly on general

economic conditions in these market areas. A substantial increase in unemployment rates, or severe declines in housing prices

and property values in any of these primary market areas could have a material adverse effect on our business due to a number

of factors, including:

• Loan delinquencies may increase.

• Problem assets and foreclosures may increase.

• Demand for the Bank's products and services may decline.

• Collateral for loans made by the Bank, especially real estate, may decline in value, in turn reducing a customer's

borrowing power and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with the loans.

• Natural disasters and catastrophic events such as wildfires, floods and earthquakes may damage or destroy collateral

for loans made by the Bank and negatively impact the collateral’s value and a customer’s ability to repay loans.

Impairment of goodwill may adversely impact future results of operations.

Accounting standards require that we account for acquisitions using a method that could result in goodwill.  If the

purchase price of the acquired company exceeds the fair value of the acquired net assets, the excess will be included in the

Company's Statement of Financial Condition as goodwill.  The Company has a significant goodwill balance and, in accordance

with GAAP, we evaluate it for impairment at least annually and more often if events or circumstances indicate the possibility of

impairment.  Evaluations may be based on many factors, some of which are the price of our Common Stock, discounted cash

flow projections and data from comparable market acquisitions. A significant and sustained decline in our stock price and

market capitalization, a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business

climate or slower growth rates could result in impairment of our goodwill. Future evaluations of goodwill may result in the

impairment and write-down of our goodwill balance which could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and adversely

affect our operating results.

Competitive Risks

The Bank faces strong competition from other financial institutions and new market participants, offering services

similar to those offered by the Bank.

Many competitors, including fintech companies, offer the same types of loan and deposit services that the Company

offers. These competitors include national and multinational banks, other regional banks, savings associations, community

banks, credit unions, fintechs, and other financial intermediaries. In particular, our competitors include national banks and

major financial companies whose greater resources may afford them a marketplace advantage by enabling them to maintain

numerous banking locations, launch new technologies and mount extensive promotional and advertising campaigns. The

effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs.

Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements than we do. Our future

success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and

services that will satisfy client demands for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. We may

not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products

and services to our customers. In addition, the implementation of technological changes and upgrades to maintain current

systems and integrate new ones may also cause service interruptions, transaction processing errors and system conversion

delays and may cause us to fail to comply with applicable laws. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully

manage the risks associated with our increased dependency on technology.  Additionally, recent technological breakthroughs

have made it possible for other non-traditional competitors to enter the marketplace and compete for traditional banking

services. Increased competition within our geographic market area may result in reduced loan originations and deposits.

Ultimately, competition from current and future competitors may affect our business materially and adversely.

We rely, in part, on external financing to fund our operations and the unavailability of such funding in the future could

adversely impact our growth and prospects.

We rely on customer deposits, advances from the FHLB and other borrowings to fund our operations.   Core deposits

are a low cost and generally stable source of funding and a significant source of funds for our lending activities. Management

has historically been able to replace maturing deposits, if desired; however, we may not be able to replace such funds at any

given point in time if our financial condition or market conditions change or if the cost of doing so might adversely affect our

business, financial condition and results of operations.   If we are forced to seek other sources of funds, such as additional

brokered deposits or borrowings from the FHLB, the interest expense associated with these other funding sources are now and

may be higher than the rates we are currently paying on our deposits, which would adversely impact our net income, and such

sources of funding may be more volatile and unavailable.

If we need additional funds for our liquidity needs, we may seek additional debt to achieve our long-term business

objectives. Such borrowings, if sought, may not be available to us or, if available, may not be on favorable terms. If additional

financing sources are unavailable or are not available on reasonable terms, our business, financial condition and results of

operations may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to continue to grow organically or through acquisitions.

Historically, we have expanded through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions. If market and regulatory

conditions change, we may be unable to grow organically or successfully compete for, complete, and integrate potential future

acquisitions at the same pace as we have achieved in recent years, or at all. We have historically used our strong stock currency

and capital resources to complete acquisitions. Downturns in the stock market and the market price of our stock, changes in our

capital position, and changes in our regulatory standing, including a “Needs to Improve” CRA rating, could each have a

negative impact on our ability to complete future acquisitions.

Our entry into California may present increased risk that may adversely impact our business, prospects and financial

condition.

The Merger with Luther Burbank resulted in the Bank’s initial entry into the state of California. We previously had no

operating experience in California, relied on the experience and expertise of Luther Burbank’s lending and business

development officers to help with our transition. The banking and financial services business in California is highly competitive

and we compete for loans, deposits and customers for financial services with other commercial banks, savings and loan

associations, securities and brokerage companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money

market funds, credit unions, fintechs, and other nonbank financial service providers. Many of these competitors are much larger

in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader array of financial services than the

Company. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively in California, and if we are unable

to compete effectively in California, the benefits we were anticipating from the Merger may not be fully achieved, and our

results of operations and financial conditions could be materially and adversely affected.

Security Ownership Risks

The Company’s business or the value of its common shares could be negatively affected as a result of actions by activist

shareholders.

The Company values constructive input from shareholders, and our Board of Directors and management team are

committed to acting in the best interests of all of the Company’s shareholders. Activist shareholders who disagree with the

composition of the Board of Directors, the Company’s strategic direction, or the way the Company is managed may seek to

effect change through various strategies that range from private engagement to public filings, proxy contests, efforts to force

transactions not supported by the Board of Directors, and litigation. In recent months, activist investors have increasingly

targeted regional banking institutions, like the Bank, including campaigns at Comerica Incorporated and Eastern Bancshares,

Inc.   Responding to some of these actions can be costly and time-consuming, may disrupt the Company’s operations and divert

the attention of the Board of Directors and management. Such activities could interfere with the Company’s ability to execute

its strategic plan and to attract and retain qualified executive leadership. The perceived uncertainty as to the Company’s future

direction resulting from activist strategies could also affect the market price and volatility of the Company’s common shares.

Our ability to pay dividends is subject to limitations that may affect our ability to continue to pay dividends to

shareholders.

The Company is a separate legal entity from the bank subsidiary and does not have significant operations of its own.

The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by the Bank's earnings and capital, as well as various federal and state

statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank and other factors, that the Bank may

not be able to pay dividends to the Company. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company, then we may not be able

to pay dividends on our preferred or Common Stock to our shareholders. If the Bank's earnings are not sufficient to make

dividend payments to us while maintaining adequate capital levels, then our liquidity may be affected and our stock price may

be negatively affected by our inability to pay dividends, which will have an adverse impact on both the Company and our

shareholders.

Our 4.875% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (“Series A Preferred Stock”) ranks senior

to our Common Stock, and we are prohibited from paying dividends on our Common Stock unless we have paid

dividends on our Series A Preferred.

Shares of our Series A Preferred Stock rank senior to our Common Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and

distributions of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive,

when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee of our Board of Directors), out of assets

legally available for the payment of dividends under Washington law, non-cumulative cash dividends based on the liquidation

preference of the Series A Preferred Stock at a rate equal to 4.875% per annum for each quarterly dividend period, beginning on

April 15, 2021. If we do not or are unable to pay quarterly dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock, we may not pay a

dividend to the holders of our Common Stock. Our stock price may be negatively affected by our inability to pay dividends,

which will have an adverse impact on both the Company and our shareholders.

In addition, if we fail to pay, or declare and set apart for payment, dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock for six

quarterly dividend periods, whether or not consecutive, the number of directors on our Board of Directors will automatically be

increased by two, and the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right to elect two additional members of

our Board of Directors (the “Preferred Stock Directors”) to fill such newly created directorships.

The market price for our Common Stock may be volatile.

The market price of our Common Stock could fluctuate substantially in the future in response to a number of factors,

including those discussed below. The market price of our Common Stock has in the past fluctuated significantly, including in

2023 as a result of the high-profile bank failures and in 2025 following the announcement of new tariff policies by the current

administration. We expect to see additional volatility in the financial markets due to the uncertainty caused by the continuing

global conflicts, U.S. trade policy, AI stock valuation corrections, interest rates and changing Federal Reserve policies. Some

additional factors that may cause the price of our Common Stock to fluctuate include:

• general conditions in the financial markets and real estate markets.

• macro-economic and political conditions in the U. S. and the financial markets generally.

• variations in the operating results of the Company and our competitors.

• events affecting other companies that the market deems comparable to the Company.

• changes in securities analysts' estimates of our future performance and the future performance of our competitors.

• announcements by the Company or our competitors of mergers, acquisitions and strategic partnerships.

• additions or departure of key personnel.

• the presence or absence of short selling of the Company's Common Stock.

• future sales by us of our Common Stock or debt securities.

The stock markets in general have experienced substantial price and trading fluctuations. These fluctuations have

resulted in volatility in the market prices of securities that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to changes in operating

performance. These broad market fluctuations are expected to continue for the near future, and may adversely affect the trading

price of our Common Stock.

There may be future sales or other dilution of the Company's equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our

Common Stock or depositary shares.

Our Board of Directors is authorized to cause the Company to issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock

junior to our Series A Preferred Stock from time to time without any action on the part of our shareholders, and our Board of

Directors also has the power, without shareholder approval, to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred stock that

may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, and preferences over the Common Stock with respect to dividends or

upon our dissolution, winding up and liquidation and other terms.

The issuance of any additional shares of common or of preferred stock or convertible securities or the exercise of such

securities could be substantially dilutive to existing shareholders. As we did for the Merger with Luther Burbank, we may also

elect to use Common Stock to fund new acquisitions, which will further dilute existing shareholders. Holders of our Common

Stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or

series and, therefore, such sales or offerings could result in increased dilution to our shareholders.

A person holding our Common Stock could have the voting power of their shares of Common Stock on all matters

significantly reduced under Washington's anti-takeover statutes, if the person acquires 10% or more of the voting stock

of the Company.

We are incorporated in the state of Washington and subject to Washington state law. Some provisions of Washington

state law could interfere with or restrict takeover bids or other change-in-control events affecting us. For example, Chapter

23B.19 of the Washington Business Corporation Act, with limited exceptions, prohibits a “target corporation” from engaging in

specified “significant business transactions” for a period of five years after the share acquisition by an acquiring person, without

complying with certain shareholder approval requirements. An acquiring person is defined as a person or group of persons that

beneficially own 10% or more of our voting securities. Such prohibited transactions include, among other things:

• certain mergers, or consolidations with, disposition of assets to, or issuances of stock to or redemption of stock from,

the acquiring person;

• termination of 5% or more of the employees of the target corporation as a result of the acquiring person's acquisition of

10% or more of the shares;

• allowing the acquiring person to receive any disproportionate benefit as a shareholder; and

• liquidating or dissolving the target corporation.

After the five-year period, certain “significant business transactions” are permitted, if they comply with certain “fair

price” provisions of the statute or are approved by a majority of the outstanding shares other than those of which the acquiring

person has beneficial ownership. As a Washington corporation, the Company is not permitted to “opt out” of this statute.

Item 7.                 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in “Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report. In the following discussion, unless otherwise noted, references to

increases or decreases in average balances in items of income and expense for a particular period and balances at a particular

date refer to the comparison with corresponding amounts for the period or date for the previous year.

In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that

involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-

looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual

Report on Form 10-K.  This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2025 and 2024 items and year-to-year comparisons

between 2025 and 2024 .  For management's review of the factors that affected our results of operations for the years ended

September 30, 2024 and 2023 , refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024 , which was

filed with the SEC on November 20, 2024.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to use judgment in

making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts within the consolidated financial statements. Actual results

may differ from these estimates.  While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note A to the

Consolidated Financial Statements, we believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical for understanding our

historical and future performance. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we consider the most important to

the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require our most difficult, subjective or complex

judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of the matters that are inherently uncertain.

Allowance for Credit Losses. Management’s determination of the amount of the ACL is a critical accounting estimate as it

requires significant reliance on the credit risk we ascribe to individual borrowers, the use of estimates and significant judgment

as to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on individually evaluated loans, significant reliance on historical loss

rates on homogeneous portfolios, consideration of our quantitative and qualitative evaluation of past events, current conditions,

and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts.

Going forward, the methodology used to calculate the ACL will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics

and quality of our loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these

and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility in

our reported earnings.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities

assumed. We have determined our goodwill balance is all related to a single reporting unit and perform an annual impairment

assessment on August 31st, or sooner if an impairment indicator exists. We perform a quantitative impairment assessment and,

upon performing the quantitative test, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is

recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

When performing the quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment, we estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using the

market capitalization approach, based on quoted market prices of our securities, adjusted for the effect of a control premium.

Based on the results of the annual quantitative evaluation for 2025 , the fair value of our single reporting unit exceeded its

respective carrying value and did not result in impairment for the reporting unit.

The Company continuously monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in

determining fair value. While the Company believes the judgments and assumptions used in the goodwill impairment test are

reasonable, different assumptions or changes in general industry, market and macro-economic conditions could change the

estimated fair values and, therefore, future impairment charges could be required, which could be material to the consolidated

financial statements.

Business Combinations. The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations.  Under the

acquisition method, the acquiring entity recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair

values. Management utilizes prevailing valuation techniques appropriate for the asset or liability being measured in determining

these fair values. This method often involves estimates based on third party valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses

or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective.  Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net

assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value if the fair value can be

determined during the measurement period. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are

expensed as incurred. Fair values are subject to refinement over the measurement period, not to exceed one year after the

closing date.

Management uses various valuation methodologies to estimate the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities which often

involve a significant degree of judgment. Changes in the assumptions utilized within these valuations, including downturns in

economic or business conditions, could have a significant adverse impact on the carrying value of assets which could result in

impairment losses affecting the Company's financial statements as a whole.

Select information regarding the ACL is under the "Allowance for Credit Losses" heading within this section below. For further

details on the ACL, business combinations or goodwill, see Notes A, B, and E to the Consolidated Financial Statements in

“Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The following table provides detail regarding the Company's allowance for credit losses.

Twelve Months Ended September 30,

(In thousands)

Beginning balance

Charge-offs:

Commercial loans

Multi-Family

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial & Industrial Loans

Construction

Land – Acquisition & Development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-Family Residential

Construction – Custom

Land – Consumer Lot Loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Recoveries:

Commercial loans

Multi-Family

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial & Industrial Loans

Construction

Land – Acquisition & Development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-Family Residential

Construction – Custom

Land – Consumer Lot Loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Net charge-offs (recoveries)

ASC 326 Adoption Impact

Provision (release) for loan losses and transfers

Ending balance (1)

Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to

average loans outstanding

(1) This does not include a reserve for unfunded commitments of $21,500,000 , $21,500,000 , $24,500,000 , $32,500,000 and

$27,500,000 as of September 30, 2025 , 2024 , 2023 , 2022 and 2021 respectively.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows changes in the Company's allowance for credit losses since the prior year.

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2024

$ Change

% Change

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Commercial loans

Multi-family

Commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Construction

Land - acquisition & development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-family residential

Construction - custom

Land - consumer lot loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Total allowance for loan losses

Reserve for unfunded commitments

Total allowance for credit losses

The allowance for loan losses decreased by $4,033,000 , or 1.98% , from $203,753,000 as of September 30, 2024 , to

$199,720,000 at September 30, 2025 . As of September 30, 2025 , the allowance of $199,720,000 is for loans that are evaluated

on a pooled basis, which was comprised of $131,652,000 related to the quantitative component and $68,068,000 related to

management's qualitative overlays.  The fluctuations that resulted in the overall decrease from the prior year can be seen in the

table above. The allowance for both commercial construction loans and land A&D loans decreased as projects were completed

and paid off or transitioned to CRE. Single-family, residential construction and lot loans decreased as a result of run-off after

the Bank's exit of the residential mortgage market..

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $7,750,000 in 2025 , compared to a provision of $17,500,000 for 2024 .

These amounts are net of provision and recapture related to the unfunded commitments reserve. In 2025, provisioning reflected

increasing trends in charge-offs and negative migration of delinquent and nonperforming loans combined with economic

concerns. In 2024, provisioning included the initial provision of $16,000,000 recorded on LBC loans acquired, as well as

adjustments resulting from qualitative considerations such as prolonged and intensified borrower sensitivity to high interest

rates and operating costs due to inflationary pressures. For the year ended September 30, 2025 , net charge-offs were

$11,783,000 , compared to charge-offs of $1,356,000 in the prior year. The ratio of the total ACL to total gross loans increased

to 1.04% as of  September 30, 2025 , as compared to 1.01% as of September 30, 2024 . A shift toward commercial loan

originations led to a modified mix of loan types combined with increased qualitative reserve adjustments resulted in this

increase.

The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $21,500,000 as of September 30, 2025 , unchanged compared to $21,500,000

as of September 30, 2024 .

Management believes the total ACL is sufficient to absorb estimated losses inherent in the portfolio of loans and unfunded

commitments.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth the amount of the Bank’s allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio and class.

September 30,

Allowance

Loans to

Total

Loans (1)

Coverage

Ratio

Allowance

Loans to

Total

Loans (1)

Coverage

Ratio

Allowance

Loans to

Total

Loans (1)

Coverage

Ratio (2)

Allowance

Loans to

Total

Loans (1)

Coverage

Ratio (2)

Allowance

Loans to

Total

Loans (1)

Coverage

Ratio (2)

($ in thousands)

Commercial loans

Multi-family

Commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Construction

Land – acquisition &

development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-family residential

Construction – custom

Land – consumer lot

loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Total allowance for loan

losses (3)

(1) Represents the loans receivable for each respective loan class as a % of total loans receivable.

(2) Represents the allowance for each respective loan class as a % of loans receivable for that same loan class. The underlying commercial & industrial loan balances for

September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 include PPP loans for which no allowance was recorded.  These PPP loan balances were  $1,000,000, $10,000,000 and $312,000,000 as of

September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

(3) This does not include a reserve for unfunded commitments of $21,500,000 , $21,500,000 , $24,500,000 , $32,500,000 and $27,500,000 as of September 30, 2025 , 2024 , 2023 ,

2022 and 2021 , respectively.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ASSET QUALITY

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty. Loans may be modified as the result of borrowers

experiencing financial difficulty needing relief from the contractual terms of their loan. Most loan modifications to borrowers

experiencing financial difficulty are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has approached the Bank about

modification due to temporary financial difficulties. Each request for modification is individually evaluated for merit and

likelihood of success. Often a term extension is needed in the short term in order to evaluate the need for further corrective

action. Payment delays and interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period. Principal forgiveness

is not an available option for restructured loans.

Non-Performing Assets. When a borrower violates a condition of a loan, the Bank attempts to cure the default by contacting

the borrower. In most cases, defaults are cured promptly. If the default is not cured within an appropriate time frame, typically

90 days, the Bank may institute appropriate action to collect the loan, such as making demand for payment or initiating

foreclosure proceedings on the collateral. If foreclosure occurs, the collateral will typically be sold at public auction and may be

purchased by the Bank.

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the probability of collecting interest or principal

is deemed to be insufficient to warrant further accrual. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but

unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. The Bank does not accrue interest on loans 90 days past due or more. See

Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 hereof for additional information.

For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are generally required prior to returning the

loan to accrual status. In some instances after the required six consecutive payments are made, a management assessment will

conclude that collection of the entire principal balance is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual.

Homogeneous loans may or may not be on accrual status at the time of restructuring, but all are placed on accrual status upon

the restructuring of the loan.

Real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof (“REO” or “Real Estate Owned”) is classified as real estate held for

sale. When property is acquired, it is recorded at the fair market value less estimated selling costs at the date of acquisition.

Interest accrual ceases on the date of acquisition and all costs incurred in maintaining the property from that date forward are

expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for the improvement or development of such property are capitalized. See Note A to the

Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 hereof for additional information.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth information regarding the Bank's non-performing assets.

September 30,

(In thousands)

Commercial loans

Multi-family

Commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Construction

Land – acquisition & development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-family residential

Construction – custom

Land – consumer lot loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Total non-accrual loans (1)

Real estate owned

Other property owned

Total non-performing assets

Total non-performing assets to total assets

(1)    For the year ended September 30, 2025 , the Bank recognized $3,304,802 in interest income on cash payments received from borrowers

on non-accrual loans. The Bank would have recognized interest income of $4,591,000 for the same period had these loans performed

according to their original contract terms. The recognized interest income may include more than twelve months of interest for some

of the non-accrual loans that were brought current or paid off.  In addition to the non-accrual loans reflected in the above table, the

Bank had $505,815,000 of loans that were less than 90 days delinquent at September 30, 2025 but were classified as substandard for

one or more reasons. If these loans were deemed non-performing, the Company's ratio of total non-performing assets and performing

restructured loans as a percent of total assets would have increased to 2.43% at September 30, 2025 . For a discussion of the Bank's

policy for placing loans on non-accrual status, see Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this report.

Non-performing assets increased 84.7% to $143,022,000 , or 0.54% of total assets, at September 30, 2025 , compared to

$77,418,000 , or 0.28% of total assets, at September 30, 2024 as a result of an increase of $59,087,000 in non-accrual loans

combined with a $6,517,000 increase in real estate owned. The increase in non-accrual loans is primarily the result of one

commercial real estate loan over 90 days past due. Although appropriately non-accrual based on policy, there was no charge-off

taken upon revaluation. Management is actively collaborating with the borrower. Other property owned of $3,310,000 as of

September 30, 2025 is comprised entirely of a government guarantee related to equipment obtained via a commercial loan

foreclosure.

As of September 30, 2025 , real estate owned totaled $11,084,000 , an increase of $6,517,000 , or 142.7% , from $4,567,000 as of

September 30, 2024 . During 2025 , the Bank sold real estate owned properties for total net proceeds of $2,865,000 . The majority

of REO properties are former bank premises that are expected to be sold.

The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans decreased to 155% as of September 30, 2025 , from 293% as of

September 30, 2024 .

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Cash and cash equivalents : Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $657,310,000 at September 30, 2025 , as compared to

$2,381,102,000 at September 30, 2024 . The prior year end balances reflected cash received from the Luther Burbank multi-

family and single-family residential loan portfolio sales. The decrease in the current year reflects cash used to reduce

borrowings and purchase investment securities during the year.

Available-for-sale (AFS) investment securities : Available-for-sale securities increased $960,492,000 , or 37.3% , during the year

ended September 30, 2025 , to $3,533,201,000 , as a result of securities purchases of $1,482,058,000 combined with unrealized

losses of $9,237,000 and a reclassification of gain into earnings from AFS securities hedging derivatives of $15,452,000

partially offset by principal repayments and maturities of $561,808,000 and sales of $797,000 . The net unrealized loss the year

ended September 30, 2025 is recorded net of tax within AOCI, and is decreased compared to unrealized losses of  $44,168,000

as of September 30, 2024 .

Substantially all of the Company’s AFS debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored

enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero

credit loss. The remaining securities are issued by highly-rated municipalities or corporate borrowers. The Company does not

believe that any of its AFS debt securities have credit loss impairment as of September 30, 2025 , therefore, no allowance was

recorded. The impact going forward will depend on the composition, characteristics, and credit quality of the securities

portfolios as well as the economic conditions at future reporting periods.

Held-to-maturity (HTM) investment securities : Held-to-maturity securities increased by $208,830,000 to $645,802,000 , or

47.8% , during the year ended September 30, 2025 , largely due to the purchase of $261,842,000 of HTM securities. These

purchases were offset by principal repayments and maturities of $53,030,000 during the period. There were no held-to-maturity

securities sold during the year ended September 30, 2025 . As of September 30, 2025 , the net unrealized loss on held-to-

maturity securities was $33,063,000 , compared to $35,926,000 the year prior.

Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored

enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero

credit loss, thus the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for HTM securities as of September 30, 2025 . The

impact going forward will depend on the composition, characteristics, and credit quality of the securities portfolios as well as

the economic conditions at future reporting periods.

The table below shows the available-for-sale and held-for-investment securities portfolios categorized by contractual maturity

band.

September 30, 2025

Amortized

Cost

Weighted Average

Yield

($ in thousands)

Due in less than 1 year

Due after 1 year through 5 years

Due after 5 years through 10 years

Due after 10 years

For further information on our investment portfolio, see Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial

Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.

Loans receivable: Loans receivable, net of related contra accounts, decreased $827,736,000 , or 4.0% , to $20,088,618,000 at

September 30, 2025 , from $20,916,354,000 one year earlier. The balance change reflects originations of $3,956,199,000 , a

decrease to loans-in-process of $236,192,000 and principal repayments of $5,145,176,000 during the year ended September 30,

2025 . Commercial loan originations accounted for 83.1% of total originations and consumer originations were 16.9% as the

Bank exited the residential mortgage market mid-year.  Management continues to focus on commercial lending, coupled with

growing economies in all major markets in which we operate.

The following table presents loan balances by category and the year-over-year change.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2024

Change

($ in thousands)

($ in thousands)

Gross loans by category

Commercial loans

Multi-family

Commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Construction

Land - acquisition & development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-family residential

Construction - custom

Land - consumer lot loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

Total gross loans

Less:

Allowance for loan losses

Loans in process

Net deferred fees, costs and discounts

Total loan contra accounts

Net loans

The following table summarizes the Bank’s loan portfolio balances, at amortized cost, due for the periods indicated based on

contractual terms to maturity or repricing.

September 30, 2025

Total

Less than

1 Year

Years

Years

After 15

Years

(In thousands)

Commercial loans

Multi-family

Commercial real estate

Commercial & industrial

Construction

Land - acquisition & development

Total commercial loans

Consumer loans

Single-family residential

Construction - custom

Land - consumer lot loans

HELOC

Consumer

Total consumer loans

The contractual loan payment period for residential mortgage loans originated by the Bank normally ranges from 15 to 30

years. Experience during recent years has indicated that, because of prepayments in connection with refinancing and sales of

property, residential loans typically have a weighted average life of approximately eight years.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables provide information regarding loans receivable by loan class and geography.

September 30,

Multi-

family

Commercial

Real Estate

Commercial

and Industrial

Construction

Land -

Single -

Family

Residential

Construction -

custom

Land -

Lot Loans

Consumer

HELOC

Total

(In thousands)

Washington

California

Oregon

Arizona

Texas

Utah

New Mexico

Idaho

Nevada

Other

Percentage by geographic area

September 30,

Multi-

family

Commercial

Real Estate

Commercial

and Industrial

Construction

Land -

Single -

Family

Residential

Construction -

custom

Land -

Lot Loans

Consumer

HELOC

Total

As % of total gross loans

Washington

California

Oregon

Arizona

Texas

Utah

New Mexico

Idaho

Nevada

Other

Percentage by geographic area as a % of each loan type

September 30,

Multi-

family

Commercial

Real Estate

Commercial

and Industrial

Construction

Land -

Single -

Family

Residential

Construction -

custom

Land -

Lot Loans

Consumer

HELOC

As % of total gross loans

Washington

California

Oregon

Arizona

Texas

Utah

New Mexico

Idaho

Nevada

Other

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows the change in the geographic distribution by state of the loan portfolio since the prior year.

September 30,

Change

Washington

California

Oregon

Arizona

Texas

Utah

New Mexico

Idaho

Nevada

Other (1)

(1) Includes loans from outside of our nine state footprint.

Allowance for credit losses : For details, see the “Allowance for Credit Losses" section above in this report.

Non-performing assets : For details, see the “Asset Quality" section above in this report.

Real estate owned : For details, see the “Asset Quality" section above in this report.

Interest receivable : Interest receivable was $98,589,000 as of September 30, 2025 , a decrease of $4,238,000 , or 4.1% , since

September 30, 2024 . The decrease was the result of a 4.0% decrease in loans receivable combined with the decrease in interest

rates.

Bank Owned Life Insurance : Bank-owned life insurance increased to $275,159,000 as of September 30, 2025 from

$267,633,000 as of September 30, 2024 , primarily as a result of increases in the cash surrender value of the policies. The

investments in bank-owned life insurance serve to assist in funding growing employee benefit costs.

Intangible assets : The Bank's intangible assets totaled $442,093,000 at September 30, 2025 compared to $448,425,000 as of

September 30, 2024 . The decrease is largely the result of the amortization of the core deposit intangible balance created in the

Merger. The balance at September 30, 2025 is comprised of $414,722,000 of goodwill and the unamortized balance of the core

deposit and other intangibles of $27,371,000 .

Customer accounts : As of September 30, 2025 , customer deposits totaled $21,437,636,000 compared with $21,373,970,000 at

September 30, 2024 , a $63,666,000 , or 0.3% , increase driven by transaction accounts. During 2025 , transaction accounts

increased by $489,347,000 or 4.1% while time deposits decreased by $425,681,000 or 4.5% .

The following table shows customer deposits by account type.

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2024

($ in thousands)

Deposit Account

Balance

Total Deposits

Weighted

Average Rate

Deposit Account

Balance

Total Deposits

Weighted

Average Rate

Non-interest checking

Interest checking

Savings

Money market

Time deposits

Total

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows the geographic distribution by state for customer deposits.

($ in thousands)

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2024

$ Change

% Change

Washington

California

Oregon

Arizona

New Mexico

Idaho

Utah

Nevada

Texas

The following table sets forth, by various interest rate categories, the amount of fixed-rate time deposits that mature during the

periods indicated.

Maturing in

September 30, 2025

Months

Months

Months

Months

Months

Months

Total

(In thousands)

Fixed-rate time deposits:

Under 1.00%

5.00% and higher

Total

Historically, a significant number of time deposit account holders roll over their balances into new time deposits of the same

term at the Bank’s then current rate. To ensure a continuity of this trend, the Bank expects to continue to offer market rates of

interest. The ability to retain maturing time deposits is difficult to project; however, the Bank believes that by competitively

pricing these certificates, roll-over levels deemed appropriate by management can be achieved on a continuing basis.

At September 30, 2025 , the Bank had $3,895,726,000 of time deposits in amounts of $250,000 or more outstanding, maturing

as follows: $1,355,645,000 within 3 months; $1,116,894,000 over 3 months through 6 months; $1,207,030,000 over 6 months

through 12 months; and $216,157,000 thereafter.

Time deposits with a maturity of one year or less have penalties for premature withdrawal equal to 90 days of interest. When

the maturity is greater than one year but less than four years, the penalty is 180 days of interest. When the maturity is greater

than four years, the penalty is 365 days of interest. Early withdrawal penalty fee income for the years ended 2025 , 2024 and

2023 amounted to $1,230,000 , $1,082,000 and $1,618,000 , respectively.

For additional details on customer accounts, including uninsured deposits, see Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements

in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.

Borrowings : Total borrowings decreased to $1,765,604,000 as of September 30, 2025 , as compared to $3,267,589,000 at

September 30, 2024 . The weighted average rate for borrowings was 2.50% as of September 30, 2025 , versus 3.93% at

September 30, 2024 . The decreases in balance and rate are primarily due to the pay-down of higher interest borrowings

combined with decreasing interest rates. The Bank has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk and convert

certain FHLB advances to fixed rate payments. Taking into account these hedges, the weighted average effective maturity of

FHLB advances at September 30, 2025 was 2.19 years .

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

COMPARISON OF 2025 RESULTS WITH 2024

Net Income : Net income increased $26,027,000 , or 13.0% , to $226,068,000 for the year ended September 30, 2025 , as

compared to $200,041,000 for the year ended September 30, 2024 . The change was due to the factors described below.

Net Interest Income : For the year ended September 30, 2025 , net interest income was $654,235,000 , a decrease of $6,597,000

or 1.0% from the year ended September 30, 2024 . Net interest margin was 2.58% for the year ended September 30, 2025

compared to 2.69% in the prior year. The decrease was the result of the greater decrease in the rate earned on assets compared

with the rate paid on liabilities. Rates on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 22 basis points compared to the 30 basis points

decrease in the average rate on interest-earning assets. This effect was partially offset by the greater increase in interest-earning

assets compared to interest bearing liabilities. Average interest-bearing liabilities grew by 2.9% while average interest-earning

assets grew by 3.2% .

Rate/Volume Analysis

The table below sets forth certain information regarding changes in interest income and interest expense of the Company for the

years indicated. For each category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, information is provided on changes

attributable to: (1) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (2) changes in rate (changes in rate

multiplied by old average volume). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume

and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Twelve Months Ended September 30,

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Volume

Rate

Total

Volume

Rate

Total

Volume

Rate

Total

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Interest income:

Loan portfolio

Mortgage-backed

securities

Investments (1)

All interest-earning

assets

Interest expense:

Customer accounts

Borrowings

All interest-bearing

liabilities

Change in net

interest income

(1) Includes interest on cash equivalents and dividends on stock of the FHLB of Des Moines, the FHLB of San Francisco and FRB of

San Francisco.

Provision for Credit Losses : The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $7,750,000 in 2025 , compared to a

provision of $17,500,000 for 2024 . In 2024 , the provision included the initial provision of $16,000,000 recorded on LBC loans

acquired, as well as adjustments resulting from qualitative considerations such as prolonged and intensified borrower sensitivity

to high interest rates and operating costs due to inflationary pressures. In 2025 , the provisioning reflected a shift toward higher

reserved commercial originations combined with increasing trends in charge-offs and negative migration of delinquent and

nonperforming loans combined with economic concerns. For the year ended September 30, 2025 , net charge-offs were

$11,783,000 , compared to  $1,356,000 in the prior year.

Non-interest Income : Non-interest income was $71,247,000 for the year ended September 30, 2025 , an increase of

$10,555,000 , or 17.4% , from $60,692,000 for the year ended September 30, 2024 . This increase was the result of increased

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

prepayment fees earned on loans plus increased commission income from WaFd Insurance, the Company's insurance

subsidiary.

Non-interest Expense : Total non-interest expense was $427,463,000 for the year ended September 30, 2025 , a decrease of

$20,809,000 , or 4.6% , from the $448,272,000 for the year ended September 30, 2024 . The 2024 results included $25,000,000 in

Merger-related costs. Compensation and benefits costs decreased $12,002,000 or 5.1% year-over-year as a result of Merger-

related retention, severance and change-in-control expenses booked in 2024 and $5,400,000 in restructuring costs arising from

the shift in strategy and exit from single family lending. Other non-interest expense also decreased as a result of Merger-related

professional and legal fees recorded in 2024. Additionally, FDIC premiums decreased $8,670,000 in 2025 compared to the

prior year resulting from several factors. The previous year's figures had included a special assessment and the decrease was

further influenced by both the contraction of the balance sheet and a lower assessment rate in 2025. Offsetting these decreases,

information technology costs increased by $6,795,000 in 2025 as compared to 2024 due to strategic investments in technology.

The Company’s efficiency ratio was 58.9% for 2025 as compared to 62.1% for the prior year. The number of staff, including

part-time employees on a full-time equivalent basis, was 1,979 and 2,208 at September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. Total

operating expense for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were 1.58% and 1.71% , respectively, of average assets.

Loss on Real Estate Owned : Loss on real estate owned, net was $627,000 for the year ended September 30, 2025 , compared to

a net gain of $304,000 for the year ended September 30, 2024 . This amount includes ongoing maintenance expense, periodic

valuation adjustments, and gains and losses on sales of REO.

Income Tax Expense : Income tax expense was $63,574,000 for the year ended September 30, 2025 , an increase of $7,559,000 ,

or 13.5% , from the $56,015,000 for the year ended September 30, 2024 . The increase is primarily due to a 13.1% increase in

pre-tax income. The effective tax rate for 2025 was 21.95% as compared to 21.88% for the year ended September 30, 2024 . The

Company's effective tax rate varies from the Federal statutory rate of 21% mainly due to state taxes, tax-exempt income and

tax-credit investments.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, officially designated as H.R. 1, was enacted into law. This legislation includes

significant changes to federal tax law and other regulatory provisions that may impact the Company. Key provisions include the

permanent extension of several business tax benefits originally introduced under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The

Company is currently evaluating the provisions of the new law and the potential effects on its financial position, results of

operations and cash flows. We believe the provisions of the new tax law will have no significant direct impact on our financial

position and results of operation.

COMPARISON OF 2024 RESULTS WITH 2023

For management's review of the factors that affected our results of operations for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024 , which was filed with the SEC on November

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The principal sources of funds for the Company's activities are loan repayments (including prepayments), net deposit inflows,

borrowings, repayments and sales of investments and retained earnings, if applicable. The Company's principal sources of

revenue are interest on loans and interest and dividends on investments. Additionally, the Company earns fee income for loan,

deposit, insurance and other services.

The Company's shareholders' equity at September 30, 2025 , was $3,039,575,000 , or 11.38% of total assets, as compared to

$3,000,300,000 , or 10.69% of total assets, at September 30, 2024 . Items affecting shareholders' equity were net income of

$226,068,000 , the payment of $84,639,000 in Common Stock dividends, the payment of $14,625,000 in preferred stock

dividends, $101,931,000 of treasury stock purchases, as well as other comprehensive income of $1,099,000 . The Company paid

out 40.7% of its 2025 earnings in cash dividends to common shareholders, compared with 41.2% last year. For the year ended

September 30, 2025 , the Company returned 82.5% of net income to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and share

repurchases as compared to 50.7% for the year ended September 30, 2024 . Management believes the Company's strong equity

position allows it to manage balance sheet risk and provide the capital support needed for controlled growth in a regulated

environment. The Company’s share repurchase program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time, and the timing

and amount of share repurchases is subject to market conditions and the market price of the Company’s Common Stock, as well

as other factors.

The Bank has a credit line with the FHLB - DM of up to 45% of total assets depending on specific collateral eligibility. This

line provides the Bank a substantial source of additional liquidity. The Bank has entered into borrowing agreements with the

FHLB - DM to borrow funds under a short-term floating rate cash management advance program and fixed-rate term loan

agreements. All borrowings are secured by stock of the FHLB - DM, deposits with the FHLB - DM, and a blanket pledge of

qualifying loans receivable. The Bank also has a credit line with the FHLB - SF in support of LBC borrowings from the FHLB -

SF, but the Bank is unable to take down new advances against this line. The FHLB - SF credit line is secured by a line-item

pledge of mortgage backed securities. Based on collateral pledged as of September 30, 2025 , the Bank had $6,647,214,000 of

additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB - DM.

To ensure ample contingent liquidity the Bank participates in the FRB of San Francisco Borrower-in-Custody program which

collateralizes primary credit borrowings and serves as a backstop for the FHLB - DM credit line. Due to differing program

requirements between the FHLB - DM and FRB of San Francisco, participating in both increases the amount of eligible

collateral that may be pledged in support of contingent liquidity needs. The Bank is also eligible to borrow under the Federal

Reserve Bank's primary credit program.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents were $657,310,000 at September 30, 2025 , which is a 72.4% decrease from the

balance of $2,381,102,000 as of September 30, 2024 . The prior year end balances reflected cash received from the Luther

Burbank multi-family and single-family residential loan portfolio sales. During the year, the Company utilized cash to reduce

borrowings and purchase investments. See “Changes in Financial Condition” above and the “Statement of Cash Flows”

included in the financial statements for additional details regarding this change.

The following table presents the Company's significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations, within the categories

described below, by contractual maturity or payment amount.

September 30, 2025

Total

Less than

1 Year

Years

Over 5

Years

(In thousands)

Customer accounts (1)

Debt obligations (2)

Operating lease obligations

(1) Includes non-maturing customer transaction accounts.

(2) Represents contractual maturities of FHLB advances and FRB borrowings. Taking into account cash flow hedges, the weighted

average effective maturity of FHLB advances at September 30, 2025 is 2.19 years .

These obligations are included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The payment amounts of the operating

lease obligations represent those amounts contractually due.