ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information and Factors That May Affect Future Results
This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This annual report on Form 10-K and other written and oral statements that we make from time to time contain such forward-looking statements that set out anticipated results based on management’s plans and assumptions regarding future events or performance. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify such statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will” and similar expressions in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, future performance or results of current and anticipated sales efforts, expenses, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, and financial results. Factors that could cause our actual results of operations and financial condition to differ materially are set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this annual report on Form 10-K.
We caution that these factors could cause our actual results of operations and financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements we make and that investors should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of such factors. Further, we cannot assess the impact of each such factor on our results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.
Overview
Zoned Properties, Inc. (“Zoned Properties” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 25, 2003. In October 2013, the Company changed its name to Zoned Properties, Inc. and in April 2014, the Company shifted its business model to address commercial real estate in the regulated cannabis industry. Zoned Properties is a technology-driven property investment company focused on acquiring value-add real estate within the regulated cannabis industry in the United States. Headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona, Zoned Properties is redefining the approach to commercial real estate investment through its standardized investment model backed by its proprietary property technology. Zoned Properties has developed a national ecosystem of real estate services to support its real estate development model, including a commercial real estate brokerage and a real estate advisory practice.
The Company operates in two organized segments; (1) the operations, leasing and management of its commercial properties, herein known as the “Property Investment Portfolio” segment, and (2) the advisory, brokerage and technology services related to commercial properties, herein known as the “Real Estate Services” segment. The Company targets commercial properties that face unique zoning or development challenges, identifies solutions that can potentially have a major impact on their commercial value, and then works to acquire the properties while securing long-term, absolute-net leases. The Company does not grow, harvest, sell or distribute cannabis or any substances regulated under United States law such as the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, as amended.
The core of our business operations involves identifying, securing, acquiring, and leasing commercial properties that intend to operate within highly regulated industries, including the legalized cannabis industry. Within highly regulated industries, local municipalities typically develop strict regulations, including zoning and permitting requirements related to commercial real estate, that dictate the specific locations and parameters under which regulated properties can operate, including cannabis properties. We often refer to these requirements as cannabis approvals. These regulations often include complex permitting processes that require longer development timelines than traditional commercial real estate and can include non-standard codes governing each location; for example, restricting a regulated property or facility from operating within a certain distance of any parks, schools, churches, or residential districts, or restricting a regulated property from operating outside a defined set of hours of operation. When an organization can collaborate with local representatives, a proactive set of rules and regulations can be established and followed to meet the needs of both the regulated operators and the local community.
Due to the complex nature of the Company’s core business operations and target investment properties, the Company may secure dozens of potential property candidates for acquisition and prospective tenant candidates for leasing at any given time, all in the normal course of business. The process of securing a potential property candidate may include completing contractual agreements such as an option agreement or a purchase agreement, which may include various contingencies and conditions precedent related to the ultimate consummation of the acquisition, investment, or transaction. Simultaneously with the securing of potential property candidates, the Company will advertise and market a property to prospective tenant candidates for a long-term, absolute-net lease agreement, which may include various contingencies and conditions precedent related to the ultimate commencement of the lease and tenancy. In order to deliver a successful investment property transaction, the Company must collectively receive all cannabis approvals from state and local governing authorities that may be required at a given property, secure a qualified tenant to lease and operate the property, and complete the acquisition of the property.
The Company’s current investment properties are located in Arizona, Illinois, and Michigan with 100% occupancy and a weighted average lease term over 10 years. Each of the Company’s leased properties is occupied by a commercial cannabis tenant.
Zoned Properties maintains a portfolio of properties that it owns, develops and leases. As of April 1, 2026, the Company leases land and/or building space at the seven properties in its portfolio to licensed and regulated cannabis tenants in areas with established cannabis regulations and zoning procedures. Four of the leased properties are zoned and permitted as regulated cannabis retail dispensaries, two of the leased properties are zoned and permitted as regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facilities, and one property is leased for the future development of a licensed medical and adult use marijuana retail dispensary.
As of December 31, 2025, a summary of rental properties owned by us consisted of the following:
Location
Tempe,
Chino Valley,
Green Valley,
Kingman,
Pleasant
Ridge, MI
Chicago,
Surprise,
Description
Industrial
/Office
Greenhouse/
Nursery
Retail
(special use)
Retail
(special use)
Retail
(special use)
Land
Retail
(special use)
Current Use
Cannabis
Facility
Cannabis
Facility
Cannabis
Dispensary
Cannabis
Dispensary
Cannabis
Dispensary
Cannabis
Dispensary
Property
Investment
Portfolio Total
Date Acquired
March 2014
August 2015
Oct 2014
May 2014
Dec 22/Feb 23
January 2024
July 2024
Lease Start Date
May 2018
May 2018
May 2018
May 2018
December 2022
January 2024
July 2024
Lease End Date
April 2040
April 2040
April 2040
April 2040
March 2037
January 2039
June 2040
No. of Tenants
Land Area: (Acres)
Land Area: (Sq. Feet)
Undeveloped Land Area (Sq. Feet)
Developed Land Area (Sq. Feet)
Total Rentable Building Sq. Ft.
Vacant Rentable (Sq. Ft.)
Sq. Ft. rented as of December 31, 2025
Annual Base Rent (*,**)
Thereafter
Total
Annual base rent represents amount of cash payments due from tenants.
For Tempe, AZ, table includes rental income generated from the lease of parking lot space used by a third party as an antenna location.
Annualized $ per Rented Sq. Ft. (Base Rent)
Year
Tempe,
Chino Valley,
Green Valley,
Kingman,
Pleasant Ridge,
Chicago,
Surprise,
On December 31, 2025, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries Chino Valley, Green Valley, and Kingman (collectively, the “Landlords”), entered into Amended and Restated Absolute Net Lease Agreements (the “A&R Leases”) with the respective tenant entities Broken Arrow Herbal Center, Inc. (Chino Valley and Green Valley) and CJK, Inc. (Kingman) (each, a “Tenant”), each with an effective date of January 1, 2026. Each A&R Lease provides for an initial term of 14 years commencing January 1, 2026 and ending December 31, 2039, unless earlier terminated pursuant to its terms. The A&R Leases were contingent upon, among other conditions, the consummation of a change of control transaction involving the Tenant(s), including the transfer of majority ownership and control of the applicable Tenant to A&R Consultants, LLC (or its designee) and the transfer of the applicable cannabis license to A&R Consultants, LLC (or its designee). These contingencies were resolved on March 31, 2026. Pursuant to the A&R Leases, A&R Consultants, LLC provided a guaranty of payment and performance in favor of each Landlord. Base rent under the A&R Leases varies by property and is set forth in the respective rent schedules (including, for example, monthly base rent of $3,500 for the Green Valley property and $4,000 for the Kingman property, and a step-up schedule for the Chino Valley property). The A&R Leases include, among other provisions, (i) a right of first with a right of first period of up to 60 days and (ii) a short-term option that permits the Tenant to purchase, on an all-or-none basis, the three leased properties (Chino Valley, Green Valley and Kingman) for an aggregate purchase price of $9.0 million (the “Purchase Option”). The Purchase Option originally stated that the Purchase Option may be exercised during an option period ending March 30, 2026; however, the parties have subsequently agreed that optionee will have until April 10, 2026 to exercise the Purchase Option, and if exercised, requires a no later than June 30, 2026. The Purchase Option contemplates (a) a $400,000 non-refundable earnest money deposit to be applied toward the down payment, (b) a $4.0 million cash down payment at , and (c) $5.0 million of seller financing. The seller financing would bear interest at 7% per annum over a 36-month term with payments calculated on a 15-year amortization schedule and a balloon payment at maturity, and would be secured by loan documentation (including a loan agreement, promissory note and deeds of trust) all three properties. The properties would be conveyed on an as-is/where-is basis without representations or warranties from the applicable landlord/seller. In connection with the anticipated change of control transaction for the Chino Valley Tenant, on December 30, 2025, the Company, through Chino Valley Properties, LLC, entered into a Consent of Landlord and Agreement Regarding Lease (the “Consent Agreement”) with Arrow Herbal Center, Inc., AC Management Group, LLC (the existing guarantor), A&R Consultants, LLC (the new guarantor) and Elevate Holdings, Group, LLC. The Consent Agreement provided, among other things, that the Landlord’s consent to the sale transaction is conditioned on the payment to Landlord at of (i) $389,984 for past due rent, additional rent and charges and (ii) $965,000 as compensation for rent concessions reflected in the A&R Lease, both of which were received by the Company on March 31, 2026. Upon receipt of such amounts, the Consent Agreement provided for the release of the existing guarantor from liability for periods after and A&R Consultants, LLC executed a new guaranty of the A&R Lease.
Management Buyout Asset Purchase Agreement
On January 15, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “MBO APA”) by and among the Company, Zoned Arizona, ZP Dysart, ZPRE Holdings and collectively with Zoned Arizona and ZP Dysart, the “Real Property Sellers” and, together with the Company, the “Seller Parties” and each, a “Seller Party”, and BPB Partners, LLC (the “Buyer”). The Buyer is owned by Bryan McLaren, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer; Berekk Blackwell, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer; and Patrick Moroney.
The Company formed a Special Transactions Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”), consisting of its three independent directors, that has reviewed, negotiated and overseen the MBO APA and the other transaction documents and the transactions contemplated by the MBO APA (the “MBO”). The Committee approved the MBO APA, the other transaction documents and the MBO, prior to its execution. The MBO APA and the other transaction documents and the MBO were also approved by the full Board of Directors prior to its execution.
Pursuant to the terms of the MBO APA, the Seller Parties agreed to sell to the Buyer, and the Buyer agreed to purchase from the Seller Parties, subject to the terms of the MBO APA, all of the Seller Parties’ rights, title and interest in and to the Company’s business (the “Business”), and the assets, properties and rights of the Seller Parties, subject to modification as set forth in the MBO APA, and other than the Excluded Assets (as defined in the MBO APA) (the “Assets”). The Assets include, among other things, (i) the real property located at 410 S. Madison Drive, Tempe, AZ; (ii) the real property located at 13150 W. Bell Road, Surprise, AZ; (iii) the real property located at 3455 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL; (iv) the Company’s membership interests in ZPRE Holdings, Arizona Brokerage, Florida Brokerage, ZP Data 2, ZP Ohio B, LLC, and Zoneomics Green; (v) all rights under all contracts to which any Seller Party is a party or is bound as of the closing date that is related to the Business; (vi) all intellectual property of the Seller Parties; (vii) all prepaid expenses, security deposits, and certain other operational assets; and (vii) potentially certain additional assets that may be acquired by the Seller Parties prior to the closing of the MBO, as discussed below.
Subject to adjustment as set forth in the MBO APA, the purchase price for the Assets will be $7,000,000, less the Assumed Indebtedness (as defined in the MBO APA) (the “Purchase Price”).
The parties to the MBO APA acknowledged and agreed that between January 15, 2026 and the date of the closing of the MBO, the Company or one or more affiliates of the Company may acquire or invest in additional real estate assets (“Additional Assets”). Upon acquisition of or investment in the Additional Assets, (i) such Additional Assets shall be deemed included in the “Assets” for purposes of the MBO APA, (ii) the Purchase Price will be increased by the amount of the cash purchase price paid therefor by the Company or its affiliate, (iii) the Purchase Price will be decreased by the amount of any cash and/or debt instruments issued by the Company or its affiliate to the seller of such Additional Assets (the “Additional Asset Acquisition Indebtedness”), and (iv) such Additional Asset Acquisition Indebtedness will be deemed included in the assumed liabilities pursuant to the MBO APA.
The parties to the MBO APA also acknowledged and agreed that between January 15, 2026 and the closing of the MBO, the Company may sell the real estate assets located at 23622-23634 Woodward Avenue, Pleasant Ridge, MI (the “Pleasant Ridge Assets”) to a third party for a purchase price to be determined. The Pleasant Ridge Assets are not currently included in the “Assets” for purposes of the MBO APA. In the event that the sale of the Pleasant Ridge Assets is not consummated prior to the closing, then the Pleasant Ridge Assets will be deemed included in the “Assets” and the Purchase Price will be increased by the amount of the appraisal value of the Pleasant Ridge Assets, as determined as set forth in the MBO APA.
The parties to the MBO APA further acknowledged and agreed that between January 15, 2026 and the closing, the Company may sell the real estate assets located at 2144 N. Road 1 East, Chino Valley, AZ; 2095 Northern Avenue, Kingman, AZ; and 1732 W. Commerce Point Place, Green Valley, AZ (collectively, the “CKG Properties”) to a third party for a total purchase price of $9,000,000 (the “CKG Purchase Price”), of which $4,000,000 is expected to be paid in cash and $5,000,000 is expected to be paid via a promissory note payable to the Company (the “CKG Note”). In the event that the sale of the CKG Properties is not consummated prior to the closing, then the CKG Properties will be deemed included in the “Assets” and the Purchase Price will be increased by the amount of the CKG Purchase Price.
If the sale of the CKG Properties is consummated prior to the closing, then the CKG Properties will not be included in the “Assets,” but the CKG Note will be included in the “Assets” for purposes of the MBO APA, and the Purchase Price will be increased by the principal amount of the CKG Note.
Pursuant to the terms of the MBO APA, the MBO APA may be terminated at any time prior to the closing by:
(a) The mutual agreement of the parties, each in their sole discretion;
(b) The Company or by Buyer if there shall be in effect a final non-appealable order, judgment, injunction or decree entered by or with a governmental entity restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the MBO;
(c) The Buyer if there shall have been a breach in any material respect of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of any Seller Party, which breach has not been cured within 10 days after receipt of notice of such breach by the Company;
(d) The Company if there shall have been a breach in any material respect of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Buyer, which breach has not been cured within 10 days after receipt of notice of such breach by Buyer;
(e) Any party in the event that the closing has not occurred by September 30, 2026, which date may be extended by 90 days as set forth in the MBO APA;
(f) Written notice by Buyer to the Company, if there shall have been a “Seller Material Adverse Effect” (as defined in the MBO APA) following the Effective Date which is uncured for at least 20 business days after written notice by the Buyer;
(g) The Buyer, during the 180-day period following the Effective Date, if the Buyer determines that its due diligence review is not satisfactory for any reason in its sole discretion; or
(h) The Company, in the event it receives a proposal on terms more favorable to the Company’s stockholders than those set forth in the MBO APA, subject to the terms of the MBO APA, prior to the date that is the later of (i) the date on which the Company receives stockholder approval as set forth in the MBO APA, and July 14, 2026 (the date on which the Buyer’s due diligence period expires).
The closing of the MBO is subject to certain closing conditions, including, but not limited to, (i) the Company and the Committee having received an opinion as to the fairness of the transactions, from a financial point of view, to the shareholders of the Company, and such opinion remaining valid and in full force and effect as of the closing; (ii) MBO APA and the transactions set forth therein being approved by both (1) the shareholders of the Company holding a majority of the voting power of the Company, as required by Nevada law, and (2) shareholders of the Company holding a majority of the voting power of the Company, but excluding for such purposes any such shareholder, and shares or stock of the Company, held by any persons who own, control or have any interest in the Buyer (i.e., a ‘majority of the minority’ uninterested shareholders); (iii) receipt of any required regulatory approvals; (iv) raising by the Buyer of the capital required, in its sole discretion, to fund the Purchase Price; and (v) other customary closing conditions. The MBO APA contains customary representations, warranties and covenants.
If the MBO APA is approved by the Company’s stockholders, as required, the Company expects that the closing of the MBO will take place by the end of 2026. Assuming that the MBO APA is approved by the Company’s stockholders, as required, and the Company can successfully sell and liquidate 100% of the Company’s assets and operations, the Company expects (i) to pay off any remaining debt, settle any remaining accounts and agreements, liquidate the Company’s outstanding preferred shares, and then distribute the net available balance of cash to stockholders as a return of capital through a special dividend, and (ii) to subsequently complete a reverse merger or other transaction involving the public company.
Going concern consideration
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in our consolidated financial statements, the Company had a net loss of $2,854,415 and had cash provided by operations of $781,476 for the year ended December 31, 2025. Additionally, as of December 31, 2025, the Company had cash of $837,767 and stockholders’ equity of $3,067,626. On December 31, 2025 and effective January 1, 2026, the Company entered into Amended and Restated Absolute Net Lease Agreements with certain tenants (See Note 14 – Subsequent Events). The Amended and Restated Absolute Net Lease Agreements include, among other provisions, (i) a right of first refusal with a right of first refusal period of up to 60 days and (ii) a short-term exclusive option that permits the tenant to purchase, on an all-or-none basis, three leased properties (Chino Valley, Green Valley and Kingman). The Purchase Option originally stated that the Purchase Option may be exercised during an option period ending March 30, 2026; however, the parties have subsequently agreed that optionee will have until April 10, 2026 to exercise the Purchase Option, and if exercised, requires a no later than June 30, 2026. Additionally, on January 15, 2026, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into the MBO APA with the Buyer to sell substantially all of its properties to the Buyer, a company owned by management (See Note 14 – Subsequent Events). The of the MBO is subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, approval by the Company’s stockholders and the Buyer obtaining financing. If the Company sells some or all of its properties, it will have minimal or no operations. These factors raise substantial about the Company’s ability to continue as a going for a period of twelve months from the issuance date of this Annual Report. There can be no assurance that the Company will sell its properties. If the Company sells its properties, the Company’s cash flow provided by operating activities would decrease substantially and the Company may need to raise capital through debt and/or equity financings to fund any ongoing operations, may need to its operations, or may decide the the Company. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be to continue as a going .
Results of Operations
The following comparative analysis on results of operations was based primarily on the comparative financial statements, footnotes and related information for the periods identified below and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which are included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. The results discussed below are for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Revenues
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, revenues by reportable business segments were as follows:
Years Ended
December 31,
Revenues:
Property investment portfolio
Real estate services
Total revenues
For the years ended December 31, 2025, total revenues amounted to $4,140,458, including property investment portfolio revenues of $3,080,654, which consists of rental revenues, as compared to total revenues of $3,793,289, including property investment portfolio revenues of $2,884,286, which consists of rental revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an overall increase of $347,169, or 9.2%. This increase was attributable to an increase in rental revenues of $196,368, or 6.8%, primarily attributable to an increase in rental revenue from our recently acquired properties in Chicago, IL and Surprise, AZ, and a net increase in real estate services revenues of $150,801, or 16.6%, attributable to an increase in commissions and assignment fees earned on real estate listings, offset by a decrease in advisory fees.
The increase in property investment portfolio revenues was primarily due to the signing of a new lease with new tenants at our recently acquired properties located in Chicago, Illinois which began in January 2024 and Surprise, AZ which began in July 2024. All of the Company’s real estate properties are leased under absolute-net or triple-net leases with our tenants.
Operating expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2025, operating expenses amounted to $3,926,000 as compared to $2,690,119 for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of $1,235,881, or 45.9%. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, operating expenses consisted of the following:
Years Ended
December 31,
Compensation and benefits
Professional fees
Brokerage fees
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Real estate taxes
Business development costs
Impairment loss
Total
For the year ended December 31, 2025, compensation and benefit expense increased by $110,754, or 8.6%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was attributable to an increase in executive and staff compensation and related benefits of $53,501, primarily attributable to the payment of bonus splits on project fees generated by transactions to team members, an increase in stock-based compensation of $33,502 related to accretion of stock option expense, and an increase in health insurance expense of $23,751.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, professional fees decreased by $98,790, or 28.1%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in consulting fees of $100,000, offset by an increase in other professional fees of $1,210.
For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded brokerage fees amounting to $131,236 and $158,871, respectively, representing a decrease of $27,635, or 17.4%. Brokerage fees occur as the result of various percentage-based commission splits we pay to our licensed brokerage team members who participate in various real estate listing transactions.
General and administrative expenses consist of expenses such as rent expense, debt expense, insurance expense, travel expenses, office expenses, telephone and internet expenses, advertising and marketing expense, and other general operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2025, general and administrative expenses decreased by $23,346, or 7.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in advertising and marketing expenses of $40,239, offset by an increase in other general and administrative fees of $6,900 and an increase in bad debt expense of $56,685.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, depreciation expense increased by $2,957, or 0.8%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 due to an increase in depreciable rental properties.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, real estate taxes increased by $6,560, or 4.4%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 related to our Michigan property.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, property portfolio business development costs increased by $246,665, or 457.9%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Property portfolio business development costs are costs related to forfeited escrow deposits and the write off of development costs related to projects which we decided not to pursue.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, impairment loss from rental properties increased by $3,118,716, or 100.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. In 2025, (1) we were notified that a vehicle crashed into our Chicago building, causing significant structural damage. The City of Chicago declared the building unsafe and ordered its demolition. As such, as of December 31, 2025, the Chicago property is a vacant lot of land. In connection with the damage and demolition of the building, during the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded an impairment loss of $1,018,716, and (2) in an effort to avoid litigation related to the defaults under the lease, the Company is currently in negotiations to sell the Woodward Property to the New Tenant for approximately $600,000 in cash plus the assumption of the notes payable outstanding on the Woodward Property. If the Company sells the Woodward Property for $600,000, the net carrying value of the Woodward Property of approximately $2,700,000 would exceed the $600,000 sale price by $2,100,000. While the Company believes the sale is likely to occur, there is a possibility that the sale will to occur, in which case there is a likelihood that the New Tenant will be to continue paying rent, causing an ongoing under the lease. Based on these conditions, our projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, and market conditions have changed. Accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded an of $2,100,000.
(Loss) Income from operations
As a result of the factors described above, for the year ended December 31, 2025, loss from operations amounted to $(1,885,542) as compared to income from operations of $1,103,170 for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $2,988,712, or 270.9%.
Other (expenses) income, net
Other (expense) income, net primarily includes interest expense incurred on debt with third parties and also includes other income (expense). For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, total other expenses, net amounted to $965,521 and $529,212, respectively, representing an increase of $436,309, or 82.4%. This increase was attributable to an increase in interest expense of $100,440, primarily related to an increase in notes payable, an increase in impairment loss on equity securities of $50,000, and a negative change in gain or loss in fair value from an interest rate swap of $289,369, offset by an increase in other income of $3,500.
Equity method loss
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we incurred an equity method loss of $3,352 and $0, respectively, representing an increase of $3,352, or 100.0%. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded a loss from unconsolidated joint ventures of $3,352.
Net (loss) income
As a result of the foregoing, for the years ended December 31, 2025, net loss amounted to $(2,854,415), or $(0.24) per common share (basic and diluted), and for the year ended December 31, 2024, net income amounted to $573,958, or $0.05 per common share (basic) and $0.06 per common share (diluted).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability of an enterprise to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs for cash requirements. We had cash of $837,767 and $1,019,980 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Our primary uses of cash have been for the acquisition of new property investments, compensation and benefits, fees paid to third parties for professional services, real estate taxes, general and administrative expenses, and the development of rental properties and other lines of business. All funds received have been expended in the furtherance of growing the business. We receive funds from the collection of rental income, and real estate services, which primarily includes advisory fees and brokerage fees. The following trends are reasonably likely to result in changes in our liquidity over the near term to long term:
An increase in working capital requirements to finance our current business,
Addition of administrative and sales personnel as the business grows,
The cost of being a public company,
An increase in investments in joint ventures and other projects, and
An increase in investments in rental properties.
We may need to raise additional funds, particularly if we are unable to continue to generate positive cash flows from our operations. We estimate that based on current plans and assumptions, that our available cash will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements under our present operating expectations for the next 12 months from the date of this annual report on Form 10-K. Other than revenue received from the lease of our rental properties and real estate services, and from a bank note and other notes payable, we presently have no other significant alternative source of working capital.
We have used these funds to fund our operating expenses, pay our obligations, acquire and develop rental properties, invest in joint ventures, and to grow our company. We may need to raise significant additional capital or debt financing to acquire new properties, to develop existing properties, to assure we have sufficient working capital for our ongoing operations and debt obligations, and to invest in new joint venture and other projects.
See also “Item 1. Business—Our Business—Management Buyout Asset Purchase Agreement.”
Recent Property Acquisitions and Related Note Payables
On July 8, 2024, ZP Dysart acquired a property in Surprise AZ (the “Surprise Property”) from NWC Dysart & Bell LLC (“NWC”). Surprise Property is a tract or parcel of land containing approximately 1.114 acres, together with all improvements, buildings, leases, rights, easements, and appurtenances pertaining thereto. The Surprise Property was acquired for an aggregate purchase price of $1,712,541, which included (i) $1,100,000, representing the Purchase Price, (ii) reimbursement to NWC for onsite and offsite improvements of $492,022, and (iii) closing costs, commissions, and fees customary to the acquisition of real estate of $120,519.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company paid $1,000,000 to Sunday Goods as a tenant improvement allowance. The $1,000,000 payment to the tenant was used by the tenant to construct a building on the land as well as for the buildout of the property. Since ZP Dysart will own the building and related improvements at the end of the lease, the $1,000,000 tenant improvement allowance was capitalized to rental properties and is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the building and related improvements beginning when the building and related improvements was placed in service, beginning in September 2025. In September 2025, Sunday Goods completed the construction of a new retail dispensary building on the Surprise Property and opened for business.
In connection with the Surprise Property, ZP Dysart entered into the Construction Loan Agreement (the “PMF Loan Agreement”), dated as of July 8, 2024, by and between ZP Dysart and Private Money Funding, LLC (“PMF”). Pursuant to the terms of the PMF Loan Agreement, PMF agreed to loan up to $1,620,000 to ZP Dysart, which loan is evidenced by a promissory note (the “PMF Note”). ZP Dysart’s obligations under the PMF Note and the PMF Loan Agreement are secured by a Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing (the “PMF Deed”). The PMF Loan Agreement, the PMF Note, any guaranties, and all other related documents executed and delivered concurrently with the PMF Loan Agreement are referred to herein as the “PMF Loan Documents.” Pursuant to the terms of the PMF Loan Agreement, on July 8, 2024, ZP Dysart issued the PMF Note with the maximum principal amount of $1,620,000 to PMF (the “Maximum Amount”). Interest accrues at the rate of 12% per annum, with ZP Dysart paying interest only in arrears, in monthly installment payments, beginning on August 1, 2024 through July 1, 2029 (the “Maturity Date”). ZP Dysart may prepay the PMF Loan in full or in part at any time. However, during the first 48 months of the term of the loan, if ZP Dysart pays any principal payment, ZP Dysart will pay to PMF a prepayment premium equal to (i) 5% of the amount of principal prepaid in months 1-24; (ii) 2% of the amount of principal prepaid in months 25-36; and (iii) 1% of the amount of principal prepaid in months 36-48, which amount will be due and payable at the time ZP Dysart pays the principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company borrowed $1,020,000 of the Maximum Amount and received net proceeds of $983,940, net of origination fees and costs of $36,060. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company borrowed an additional $600,000 of the Maximum Amount and received net proceeds of $600,000. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the principal amount of the loan was $1,620,000 and $1,020,000, respectively, and accrued interest payable amounted to $16,200 and $0, respectively.
During the existence of any event of default, PMF may, at its option, exercise any one or more of the remedies described in the PMF Loan Documents or otherwise available, including declaring all unpaid indebtedness then evidenced by the Note (including any late charges that are then due and payable, any advances thereafter made from the loan and any accruing costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees which are the obligation of ZP Dysart under the PMF Loan Documents) to become immediately due and payable. Unless PMF otherwise elects, such acceleration will occur automatically upon the occurrence of any event of default described in PMF Loan Agreement or PMF Deed.
After maturity or during the existence of any event of default, or at any time that ZP Dysart is more than 10 days delinquent in the payment of money as required by the Note or the other Loan Documents (whether or not Holder has given any notice of default or any cure period has expired), then all amounts outstanding thereunder will thereafter bear interest at the default rate of 18% per annum from the date such payment became due until paid, but in no event to exceed the highest rate lawfully collectible under applicable law.
Pursuant to the terms of the PMF Loan Agreement, following ZP Dysart’s satisfaction of the conditions to funding the PMF Loan and recordation of the PMF Deed, the loan proceeds will be disbursed in multiple advances through escrow, first in the form of an initial advance in the amount of $1,020,000 for the purpose of contributing funding towards acquiring the Surprise Property (the “Acquisition Advance”). The remaining loan proceeds will be used for the purpose of financing for the completion of Sunday Goods’ Work (as hereinafter defined) (the “Construction Advances”). Following the Acquisition Advance, subject to satisfying the conditions set forth in the PMF Loan Agreement, ZP Dysart will be entitled to request the Construction Advances from the remaining loan proceeds at the following stages of completion of the construction of Sunday Goods’ Work: (i) first advance in the amount of $300,000 at 50% completion, which was received during the year ended December 31, 2025, and (ii) final advance in the amount of $300,000 at 100% completion and issuance of certificate of occupancy which was received in October 2025.
The PMF Loan Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants customary for a transaction of this type.
Pursuant to the terms of the Unconditional Repayment Guaranty (the “PMF Guaranty”), dated as of July 8, 2024, by Zoned Properties, Inc. in favor of PMF, the Company guaranteed to PMF the full and prompt payment of the principal sum of the PMF Note or so much thereof that may be outstanding at any one time or from time to time in accordance with its terms when due, by acceleration or otherwise, together with all interest accrued thereon, and the full and prompt payment of all other sums, together with all interest accrued thereon, when due under the terms of the PMF Loan Agreement, the PMF Note, and in any deed of trust, security agreement, lease assignment and other assignment or agreement referred to in the PMF Loan Agreement or the PMF Note and/or now or hereafter securing the PMF Note or setting forth any obligations of ZP Dysart in connection with the loan.
We may secure additional financing to acquire and develop additional and existing properties. Financing transactions may include the issuance of equity or debt securities, obtaining credit facilities, or other financing mechanisms. Even if we are able to raise the funds required, it is possible that we could incur unexpected costs and expenses or experience unexpected cash requirements that would force us to seek alternative financing. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity or debt securities, stockholders may experience additional dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. The inability to obtain additional capital may restrict our ability to grow our business operations.
Cash Flow
For the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Net cash flow provided by operating activities was $781,476 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to net cash flow provided by operating activities of $578,218 for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of $203,258, or 35.2%.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily reflected a net loss of $2,854,415, adjusted for the add-back of non-cash items consisting of depreciation of $360,903, amortization of debt discount of $25,671, accretion of stock-based stock option expense of $88,385, loss of forfeited escrow deposits and development costs of $300,540, bad debt expense of $76,685, an impairment loss from equity securities of $50,000, an impairment loss from buildings of $3,118,716, and loss from the changes in fair value from an interest rate swap of $121,909, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of $159,449, an increase in deferred rent of $336,909 attributable to rent abatement on our new tenant leases at our Chicago, Illinois and Surprise, AZ properties, a decrease in lease incentive receivable of $27,523, an increase in prepaid expenses of $18,028, an increase in accounts payable of $13,016, an increase in accrued expenses of $1,902, a decrease in contract liabilities of $16,669, and a decrease in security deposits payable of $22,206.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily reflected net income of $573,958, adjusted for the add-back of non-cash items consisting of depreciation of $357,946, amortization of debt discount of $22,066 accretion of stock-based stock option expense of $54,833, a loss on forfeited escrow deposit of $22,875, an increase in bad debt expense of $20,000, and gain from the changes in fair value from an interest rate swap of $167,460, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of an increase in accounts receivable of $253,538, an increase in deferred rent of $376,032 attributable to rent abatement on our new tenant leases at our Chicago, Illinois and Surprise, AZ properties, an increase in accrued expenses of $256,951, a decrease in contract liabilities of $27,225, and an increase in security deposits payable of $71,217.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash flow used in investing activities amounted to $1,439,613, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $3,527,929 for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $2,088,316. For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was attributable to the purchase of rental properties and improvements of $1,000,000, an increase in investments in cost method investee of $84,110, an increase in escrow deposits of $154,394 and an increase in capitalized project costs of $202,680, offset by cash received from investment in unconsolidated joint venture of $1,571. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was attributable to the purchase of rental properties of $3,336,763, primarily in connection with the acquisition of properties in Chicago, IL and Surprise, AZ, a purchase of property and equipment of $6,480, an increase in capitalized project costs of $168,984, and an increase in escrow deposits of $15,702.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $475,924 and $869,896, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of net proceeds from a note payable of $600,000, offset by cash used for the repayment of notes payable of $97,218 and cash used for the purchase of treasury shares of $26,858. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of net proceeds from a note payable of $983,940 used to acquire our Surprise, AZ property, offset by cash used for the repayment of notes payable of $106,034 and the purchase of treasury stock of $8,010.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations
We have certain fixed contractual obligations and commitments that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellation provisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timing and amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables, in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
Payments Due by Period
Contractual obligations:
Total
Less than
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5 + years
Convertible notes
Interest on convertible notes
Notes payable
Total
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than discussed herein, we have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us. Our off-balance sheet arrangement includes the notional amount of our interest rate swaps which we use to hedge a portion of our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Currently, our interest rate swap fixes the variable rate interest on our bank swap note payable. We intend to fund our interest rate swap payments utilizing cash flows from operations. As of December 31, 2025, the notional amount of our interest rate swaps was $4,372,231. In interest rate swaps, the notional amount is the specified value upon which interest rate payments will be exchanged. The notional amount in interest rate swaps is used to come up with the amount of interest due.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We continually evaluate our estimates, including the critical ones related to an interest rate swap, the allowance for accounts receivable, impairment of rental properties, and the valuation of equity transactions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Any future changes to these estimates and assumptions could cause a material change to our reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting estimates affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements.
Interest rate swap
In connection with a bank loan executed in 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to manage interest rate risk related to debt that accrues interest at variable rates. The Company accounts for its interest rate swap agreement in accordance with the guidance related to derivatives and hedging activities. The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. The Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. Interest payments receivable and payable under the terms of the interest rate swap agreement are accrued over the period to which the payment relates and the net difference is treated as an adjustment of interest expense related to the underlying liability. Because the variable interest rates used to calculate payments under the terms of the swap agreement are calculated using different benchmarks than those included in the Company’s variable rate debt agreement, the swap agreement is not considered an effective cash flow hedge.
Accordingly, changes in the underlying market value of the remaining swap payments are recognized into income as an increase or decrease to other income (expense) each reporting period. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , the Company believes values provided by its counterparty represent the fair value of its swap agreement. The Company believes that the quality of the counterparty to its swap agreement mitigates the counterparty credit risk.
The estimated fair value of the interest rate swap agreement is reflected as a derivative liability on the accompanying balance sheets with changes in the fair value reflected in income (loss) from derivative - interest rate swap on the accompanying statements of operations. The Company uses derivative financial instruments only to manage interest rate risks and not as investment vehicles.
Information regarding the interest rate swap is as follows:
Description
Notional
Amount on
December 31,
Interest
Rate
Maturity
Fair Value of
Liability on
December 31,
Fair Value of
Asset on
December 31,
December 7, 2022 interest rate swap
December 10, 2032
Accounts receivable
We recognize an allowance for losses on accounts receivable in an amount equal to the estimated probable losses net of recoveries under the current expected credit loss method. The allowance is based on an analysis of historical bad debt experience, current receivables aging and expected future write-offs, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable customer accounts receivable considered at risk or uncollectible. In accordance with ASC 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”, an allowance is maintained for estimated forward-looking losses resulting from the possible inability of customers to make required payments (current expected losses). The amount of the allowance is determined principally on the basis of past collection experience and known financial factors regarding specific customers. The expense associated with the allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable is recognized in general and administrative expenses.
Rental properties
Rental properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Betterments, major renovations and certain costs directly related to the improvement of rental properties are capitalized. Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 5 to 39 years. Tenant improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the assets.
Upon the acquisition of real estate, we assess the fair value of acquired assets (including land, buildings and improvements, identified intangibles, such as acquired above-market leases and acquired in-place leases) and acquired liabilities (such as acquired below-market leases) and allocate the purchase price based on these assessments. The Company assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions.
Our properties are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based on our current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. If our estimates of the projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or market conditions change, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results.
Impairment occurs when the carrying amount of our rental properties exceeds its recoverable amount. For our rental property, we considered the recoverable amount to be the respective properties fair value less costs to sell (FVLCS) plus its value in use (VIU). The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell (FVLCS) and its value in use (VIU). FVLCS and VIU as defined as follows:
Fair Value Less Costs to Sell (FVLCS):
Fair value is typically determined by market prices or appraisals or tax value.
Subtract any costs that would be incurred to sell the asset (like commissions).
Value in Use (VIU):
This is the present value of the future cash flows the asset is expected to generate.
Cash flows should be based on leases in place.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded an impairment loss of $3,118,716 due (1) to the damage and demolition of its building located in Chicago, IL, where a vehicle crashed into the building, causing significant structural damage, and the City of Chicago declared the building unsafe and ordered its demolition, and (2) to the write down of our Michigan property to net realizable value. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not record any impairment losses.
We have capitalized land, which is not subject to depreciation.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of ASC 718 – “Compensation –Stock Compensation ”, which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee, director, and non-employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee, director, or non-employee is required to perform the services in exchange for the award (presumptively, the vesting period). The ASC also requires measurement of the cost of employee, director, and non-employee services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur as permitted under FASB’s Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09 Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . Assumptions used in the estimation of stock-based grants may include the volatility of our common stock, expected term of exercise, our discount rate and our dividend rate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
