Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following risks and uncertainties, together with the other information set forth in this report, should be carefully considered by those who invest in our securities. Any of the following material risk factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results and could decrease the value of our common or preferred stock or other outstanding securities. These are not all of the risks we face, and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business materially if they occur.
Financial Risks
We have experienced losses in recent years and may continue to incur losses.
We have experienced a loss from operations in all but one of the prior seven fiscal years. We may continue to experience losses in the future. Many of the factors affecting our operating results are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the volatility of metals prices; ore supply; smelter terms; rock and soil conditions; seismic events; natural disasters; availability of hydroelectric power; diesel fuel prices; interest rates; foreign exchange rates; global or regional political or economic policies; inflation; availability and cost of labor; economic developments and crises; governmental regulations; continuity of orebodies; ore grades; recoveries; performance of equipment; pandemics; global conflicts; price speculation by certain investors; and purchases and sales by central banks and other holders and producers of gold and silver in response to these factors. We cannot assure you that we will not experience net losses in the future. Continued losses may have an adverse effect on our cash and cash equivalents balance and liquidity, require us to curtail certain activities and investments, or may require us to raise additional capital or sell assets.
Macroeconomic factors, including inflation, high interest rates, recession risks, unemployment rates, rising labor and utility costs, fiscal policy, tariffs, geopolitical events and risks, climate-related and other environmental, social, and governance related risks, and the effects of the health pandemics, have caused downturns in key markets and created other commercial disruptions, which have and could further adversely impact our businesses.
Many macroeconomic factors affect our business and the industries and companies that purchase our products. As a result, these macroeconomic factors have and could cause further changes to demand for our products. These factors include, among others: (i) inflation; (ii) high interest rates; (iii) recession risks; (iv) rising labor and utility costs; (v) disruptions to supply chains; (vi) fiscal policy risks, including tariffs, import duties, and other similar charges, (vii) geopolitical events and risks, (viii) interruptions of international and regional commerce; (ix) climate-related and other environmental, social, and governance related risks; and (x) the effects of health pandemics. Tariffs imposed on imports into the United States from Canada, Mexico, or other countries, and reciprocal tariffs, could significantly increase the cost of our products, which could significantly lower our sales if our customers are unable or unwilling to purchase our products at a higher price, which could have a material adverse impact on our results and financial condition. Also, price erosion may occur as competitors become more aggressive in pricing practices. To the extent that these and other factors increase our costs and/or reduce demand for our products and/or increase competition, which effects our relationship with our customers and vendors, our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be materially impacted.
Changes in United States trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Potential tariffs and trade restrictions may, among other things, cause the prices of ore and our product upon import into the U.S. to increase, which could reduce demand for such products given the increased cost, and have a material adverse impact on our revenues, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, to the extent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on
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us or on the markets in which we operate our business, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future.
We may seek or require additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We may seek to source additional financing by way of private or public offerings of equity or debt or the sale of project or property interests in order to have sufficient capital to engage in acquisitions, investments and for general working capital. We can give no assurance that financing will be available or, if it is available, that it will be offered on acceptable terms. If additional financing is raised by the issuance of our equity securities, control of our company may change, security holders will suffer additional dilution and the price of our common stock may decrease. If additional financing is raised through the issuance of indebtedness, we will require additional financing in order to repay such indebtedness. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of further acquisitions, investments, exploration and development, curtailment of business activities or even a loss of property interests.
We have broad discretion in the use of our cash and cash equivalents, including the net proceeds we receive from stock offerings, and may not use them effectively.
Our management has broad discretion to use our cash and cash equivalents, including proceeds received from stock offerings, to fund our operations and could spend these funds in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline. Pending their use to fund our operations, we may invest our cash and cash equivalents in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.
Metal market prices are volatile, including the antimony metal ingot market price. A substantial and/or extended decline in metals prices, and specifically the antimony market price, would have a material adverse effect on us, especially during the time period that the antimony market price was declining.
Our revenue is derived primarily from the sale of antimony and zeolite products, and to a lesser extent silver and gold products, and, as a result, our earnings are directly related to the prices of these metals and products. Antimony, zeolite, silver and gold prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors, including:
speculative activities;
relative exchange rates of the U.S. dollar;
global and regional demand and production;
political instability;
inflation, recession or increased or reduced economic activity; and
other political, regulatory and economic conditions.
These factors are beyond our control and are difficult to predict. If the market prices for these metals and products fall below our production, exploration or development costs for a sustained period of time, we may experience significant losses and may have to discontinue exploration, development, and/or operations, and may incur asset write-downs at one or more of our properties.
An extended decline in metals prices, an increase in operating or capital costs, mine accidents or closures, increasing regulatory obligations, or our inability to convert resources or exploration targets to reserves may cause us to record write-downs, which could negatively impact our results of operations.
When events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable, we review the recoverability of the carrying value by estimating the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual salvage values related to the disposition of the assets. Impairment must be recognized when the carrying value of the asset exceeds these cash flows. Recognizing impairment write-downs could negatively impact our results of operations. Metals price estimates are a key component used in the evaluation of the carrying values of our assets, as the evaluation involves comparing carrying values to the
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average estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from operating plans using various metals price scenarios. Our estimates of undiscounted cash flows for our long-lived assets also include an estimate of the market value of the resources and exploration targets beyond the current operating plans.
If the prices of antimony or zeolite decline for an extended period of time, if we fail to control production or capital costs, if regulatory issues increase costs or decrease production, if the commercial value of fixed assets declines, or if we do not realize the mineable ore reserves, resources or exploration targets at our mining properties, we may be required to recognize asset write-downs in the future. In addition, the perceived market value of the resources and exploration targets of our properties is dependent upon prevailing metals prices as well as our ability to discover economic ore. A decline in metals prices for an extended period of time or our inability to convert resources or exploration targets to reserves could significantly reduce our estimates of the value of the resources or exploration targets at our properties and result in asset write-downs.
Our profitability could be affected by the prices of other commodities.
Our profitability is sensitive to the costs of commodities, such as fuel, coal, and sodium carbonate, which have experienced price volatility historically. Material increases in these and other commodity costs could have a significant effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to the risk of fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S., ,Canadian Dollar, Mexican Peso, and Australian Dollar.
We may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. Certain of our assets are located in Mexico. Our expenses relative to our Mexico assets, and, in certain cases, those assets themselves may be denominated in Mexican Pesos. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Mexican Peso may therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results. Mexico has experienced periods of significant inflation. If Mexico experiences substantial inflation in the future, the Company’s costs in pesos will increase significantly, subject to movements in applicable exchange rates. Also, we sell zeolite to customers in Canada in Canadian dollars. Significant fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Canadian Dollar may therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results and cash flow.
Volatility in market prices related to the Company’s investment in equity securities could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
The Company accounts for its equity investment in Larvotto Resources Limited at fair value. The fair value of this investment is subject to significant fluctuations driven by market price volatility and foreign currency exchange rates, which may result in substantial variability in our reported net income. Since this investment is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, all resulting gains or losses are recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. Because Larvotto is a publicly traded company on the Australian Securities Exchange, its share price is susceptible to sharp movements characteristic of the mining and exploration sector, including changes in commodity pricing and exploration results. Any decline in the quoted market price of Larvotto’s common stock will necessitate a non-cash charge to our earnings, regardless of our underlying operational performance.
Furthermore, as these shares are denominated in Australian Dollars, their U.S. Dollar value fluctuates in response to changes in the AUD/USD exchange rate. These currency movements are inherently reflected in the fair value measurement, meaning that a weakening of the Australian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar will negatively impact the investment’s carrying value and our net income. Our risk is further compounded by a lack of operational influence, as our approximately 10% ownership interest does not grant us board representation or governance rights to affect Larvotto’s corporate decisions. Given that this investment represents a significant portion of our consolidated assets, any material adverse development at Larvotto or unfavorable shift in currency markets could have a disproportionately negative effect on our financial position, potentially impacting our stock price and our ability to meet specific financial objectives.
Our liabilities for environmental reclamation and retirement and safety may exceed the amounts accrued on our financial statements.
Our research, development, manufacturing and production processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, and we are subject to various environmental and occupational safety laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials and some waste products. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from hazardous materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any liability could exceed our financial resources. We also have ongoing reclamation and retirement projects at our facilities. Adequate financial resources may not be available to ultimately finish the reclamation and retirement activities if changes in environmental laws and regulations occur, and these changes could adversely affect our cash flow and profitability. We do not have environmental liability insurance now,
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and we do not expect to be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost. The range of reasonably possible losses from our exposure to environmental liabilities in excess of amounts accrued to date cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. If we incur liabilities for environmental damages while we are uninsured, it could have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and results of our operations.
Our accounting and other estimates may be imprecise.
Preparing consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosure of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reporting periods. The more significant areas requiring the use of management assumptions and estimates relate to:
mineral reserves, resources, and exploration targets that are the basis for future income and cash flow estimates and units-of- production depreciation, depletion and amortization calculations;
environmental reclamation and asset retirement obligations;
permitting and other regulatory considerations;
asset impairments;
value of mineral claims;
asset valuations;
future foreign exchange rates, inflation rates and applicable tax rates;
reserves for contingencies and litigation; and
deferred tax asset and liability valuation allowances.
Future estimates and actual results may differ materially from these estimates as a result of using different assumptions or conditions. For additional information, see Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Operational and Mining Industry Risks
Mining exploration, development, and production may not be economically viable.
On July 24, 2025, the Company published its technical report summary (“TRS”) in accordance with the mining property disclosure rules specified in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K (“SK 1300”) on its zeolite mineral deposit located in Preston, Idaho. This TRS is an exhibit to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 25, 2025. However, the Company has not completed a TRS for any of its other properties. Until a TRS is completed for the Company’s properties in accordance with SK 1300, there can be no guarantee or assurance of the contents, quantity, or grade of mineral resources or reserves at the location. Any indication of the contents, quantity, or grade of minerals at these properties can be materially inaccurate. See “Cautionary Note Concerning Disclosure of Mineral Resources,” above. In addition, we have not established proven or probable reserves, as defined under SK 1300 or NI 43-101, through the completion of a feasibility study for these mining claims and leases. As a result, there is increased uncertainty and risk that may result in economic and technical failure which may materially adversely impact our future profitability, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are substantially dependent on one supplier in Canada that currently supplies the majority of the ore we process and sell to our antimony customers. A decrease in the supply or an increase in the cost of this supplier’s ore could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
While we have sourced ore from various international suppliers, we have historically received most of our ore supply for antimony from one supplier in Canada. Because of this concentration of supply with one supplier, a decrease in ore from this supplier or an increase in the cost of this supplier’s ore could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and cash flow.
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We are substantially dependent on a lease agreement related to the property that we mine, process, and sell zeolite. Changes to this lease agreement could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We have renewed this lease agreement related to our BRZ business periodically with minor changes to the terms and conditions in the past. This lease was recently extended through December 31, 2034. Any future changes to this lease agreement or the inability to renew it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and cash flow.
We are substantially dependent on a few significant customers, and we face significant risks associated with changes in our relationship with these significant customers.
Some of the markets we serve have a limited number of customers. As a result, most of our revenues are concentrated with a limited number of customers. In 2025, our three largest customers accounted for 80% of our consolidated revenues. Additionally, not all our customers make purchases every year. Because of this variability, we believe that comparisons of our operating results in any quarterly period may not be a reliable indicator of future performance.
Additionally, if our relationships with our significant customers should change materially, it could be difficult for us to immediately and profitably replace lost sales in a market with such concentration, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating and financial results. We could be adversely impacted by decreased customer demand for our products due to (i) the impact of current or future economic conditions on our customers, (ii) our customers’ loss of market share to their competitors that do not use our products, and (iii) our loss of market share with our customers. We could lose market share with our customers to our competitors or to our customers themselves, should they decide to become more vertically integrated and produce the products that we currently provide.
In addition, even if our customers continue to do business with us, we could be adversely affected by a number of other potential developments with our customers. For example:
The inability or failure of our customers to meet their contractual obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
If we are unable to deliver products to our customers in accordance within the timeframe outlined in the order, the revenue associated with that order as well as future orders from that customer may not occur, which could have an adverse effect on the results of our operations and financial condition.
A material change in payment terms with a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our short-term cash flows.
The concentration of our customer base may enable our customers to demand certain pricing and other terms unfavorable to us and make us more vulnerable to changes in demand by or issues with a given customer.
The Company’s sales contracts, including its sole-source contract with the DLA for antimony metal ingots, expose it to a variety of risks that could adversely impact performance and financial results.
The Company’s sales contracts, including its sole-source contract with the DLA for antimony metal ingots and its five-year sales agreement with a new industrial customer for the sale of antimony trioxide, expose it to a variety of risks that could adversely impact performance and financial results. These risks include non-performance by the Company or its suppliers; cost increases for materials, energy, transportation, and labor; and volatility in market pricing of antimony that may affect profitability under fixed-price or long-term contracts. The Company may also experience increased working capital requirements associated with inventory purchases, production timing, and customer payment terms. Operational challenges such as equipment downtime, supply chain disruptions, or securing adequate quantities of compliant materials could delay deliveries or increase costs. Additionally, the Company is subject to regulatory, compliance, and quality control requirements that may impose additional costs or potential penalties if not met. Broader geopolitical and national security factors, including trade restrictions, sanctions, or changes in government procurement policies, could further impact the Company’s ability to perform under existing or future contracts. Any combination of these factors could materially and affect the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
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Processing and selling ore from new suppliers and internal sources may not be economically viable.
Ore sourced from new suppliers as well as from our mine sites may not be processed profitably, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Additional risk associated with non-domestic supply of antimony ore.
The Company purchases ore from non-domestic suppliers, each purchase of which is typically for a material amount. There are many risks associated with purchasing ore from non-domestic suppliers including, but not limited to, shipping disruptions, such as extended delays at intermediary ports. Due diligence is performed on each supplier, however, there can be no assurance that the information obtained is credible or accurate. In addition, there is no guarantee that the suppliers’ product will be delivered to the Company, even after payment is made by the Company. Also, there can be no assurance that the product content, quantity, or grade will be as expected. As a result, there is increased uncertainty and risk related to purchasing product from non-domestic suppliers that could have a material adverse impact on our future profitability, financial condition, and results of operations.
The $2.5 million loan made to an international supplier exposes us to credit and liquidity risks, and any default could disrupt our ore supply chain.
In October 2025, the Company extended a promissory note of approximately $2.5 million to an international antimony supplier to fund their purchase of concentrate and equipment. Although the note is secured by the borrower’s assets and a personal guarantee, our ability to recover these funds depends on the financial viability of the supplier and the enforceability of security interests in a foreign jurisdiction. Any failure by the supplier to meet the monthly repayment schedule beginning in March 2026 could result in a significant financial loss and negatively impact our cash flows.
In addition, this loan is tied to a 36-month supply agreement. If the supplier encounters operational difficulties or fails to utilize the loan proceeds effectively to secure quality antimony, we may face a shortage of feedstock for our smelting operations. A default on the note or a breach of the supply agreement would force us to seek alternative, potentially more expensive ore sources, which could materially and adversely affect our production costs and results of operations.
The Company is subject to significant operational and performance risks as the managing member of a joint venture entered into in February 2026.
On February 10, 2026, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Americas Gold and Silver Corporation (“Americas”) to construct and operate a new, state-of-the-art hydrometallurgical processing facility. The joint venture will be owned 51% by Americas and 49% by the Company, with the Company serving as managing member.
As the managing member, we are responsible for construction oversight, project execution, regulatory compliance, technical performance, and day-to-day management of the refining facility. Construction delays, cost overruns, budget variances, permitting deficiencies, environmental compliance issues, or technical failures in the hydrometallurgical processing operations could adversely affect the JV’s financial performance and may be attributed to our management. Such matters could expose us to liability under the operating agreement, including potential claims of gross negligence or willful misconduct, and could result in reputational harm or the loss of our management rights.
The JV’s anticipated operations depend significantly on ore supplied by our majority partner from its current mining operations. If the Americas experiences production interruptions, operational setbacks, permitting issues, financial constraints, changes in business strategy, or declines in ore quality, the refining facility may not receive sufficient feedstock to operate at expected capacity levels. Reduced throughput or processing complications could materially impair the economic viability of the JV and reduce the return on our capital investment.
If any of these operational or other risks materialize, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to continue serving as operator could be materially adversely affected.
Our minority ownership position and capital funding obligations in the JV expose us to dilution, financing, and governance risks.
Although we serve as managing member, we hold a 49% minority interest in the JV and are required to fund 49% of all JV costs, including capital expenditures. The construction and operation of a refining facility are capital-intensive activities, and additional capital
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contributions may be required. If we are unable or unwilling to meet a capital call, the operating agreement permits our majority partner to treat any funding shortfall as a deficit loan bearing interest at 18% per annum or to convert such indebtedness into equity at a discounted conversion price. These provisions could result in substantial dilution of our ownership interest and reduction of our voting rights.
The operating agreement also provides for certain major decisions to require member approval and includes mechanisms that may be triggered in the event of a deadlock, including buy/sell provisions after a specified period. In such circumstances, we could be required either to sell our interest or to purchase our partner’s interest at a price determined under the agreement. Because our majority partner may have greater financial resources, we may be at a disadvantage in funding such a transaction and could be forced to divest our interest at an unfavorable time or valuation.
Any of these governance or funding risks could materially and adversely affect our ownership position, influence over the JV, financial condition, and results of operations.
Natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control may materially and adversely affect our business or financial results.
If any of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers, third-party service providers, or customers is affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, power shortages or outages, public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), political crises (such as terrorism, war, political instability or other conflict), or other events outside of our control, our operations or financial results could suffer. Any of these events could materially and adversely impact us in a number of ways, including through decreased production, increased costs, decreased demand for our products due to reduced economic activity or other factors, or the failure by counterparties to perform under contracts or similar arrangements.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to a pandemic or other health crisis. A significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect our planned operations. Such events could result in the complete or partial closure of our operations, as well as the domestic and global economies and financial markets, resulting in an economic downturn that could impact our ability to raise capital.
Increases in energy costs may adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
Energy costs, including electrical power costs, propane costs, and natural gas costs, represent one of the larger components of our cost of goods sold. As a result, the availability of electricity and other energy costs at competitive prices is critical to the profitability of our operations.
In the U.S., our facilities receive all their electricity requirements under market-based electricity contracts. These market-based contracts expose us to price volatility and fluctuations due to factors beyond our control and without any direct relationship to the price of our products. For example, extreme weather events over the past several years across the United States resulted in increases to power prices. More recently, market disruptions in global energy markets related to the war in Ukraine caused significant increases in market- based power prices. Market-based electricity contracts expose us to market price volatility and fluctuations driven by, among other things, coal and natural gas prices, renewable energy production, regulatory changes and weather events, in each case, without any direct relationship to the price of our products. There can be no assurance that our market-based power supply arrangements will result in favorable electricity costs. Any increase in our electricity and other energy prices not tied to corresponding increases in the prices for the commodities we sell could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
Mining accidents or other adverse events at an operation could decrease our anticipated production or otherwise adversely affect our operations.
Production may be reduced below our historical or estimated levels for many reasons, including, but not limited to, mining accidents; unfavorable ground or shaft conditions; work stoppages or slow-downs; lower than expected ore grades; unexpected regulatory actions; if the metallurgical characteristics of ore are less economic than anticipated; or because our equipment or facilities fail to operate properly or as expected. Our operations are subject to risks relating to ground instability, including, but not limited to, pit wall failure, crown pillar collapse, seismic events, backfill and stope failure or the breach or failure of a tailings impoundment. The occurrence of an event such as those described above could result in loss of life or temporary or permanent cessation of operations, any of which could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Other or impacts on operations or production may occur at any of our mines at any time, whether related to , changes in conditions, changes to regulatory policy, or as precautionary measures.
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In addition, our operations are typically in remote locations, where conditions can be inhospitable, including with respect to weather, surface conditions, interactions with wildlife or otherwise in or near dangerous conditions. In the past we have had employees, contractors, or employees of contractors get injured, sometimes fatally, while working in such challenging locations. An accident or injury to a person at or near one of our operations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to maintain the infrastructure necessary to conduct mining activities.
Our mining activities depend upon adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important factors which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect our mining activities and financial condition.
Our mining activities may be adversely affected by the local climate, especially in Alaska and Montana due to harsh winters.
The local climate sometimes affects our mining activities on our properties. Earthquakes, heavy rains, snowstorms, and floods could result in serious damage to or the destruction of facilities, equipment or means of access to our property, or could occasionally prevent us temporarily from conducting mining activities on our property. Because of their rural location and the lack of developed infrastructure in the area, our mineral properties in Montana and Idaho are occasionally impassable during the winter season. During this time, it may be difficult for us to access our property, maintain production rates, make repairs, or otherwise conduct mining activities on them.
In addition, the mining and exploration seasons in Alaska and Montana are inherently limited by seasonal weather conditions. Exploration, development, and extraction activities in these regions are often constrained to late spring, summer, and early fall months when ground conditions, daylight, and transportation access are most favorable. During the winter months, frozen ground, heavy snowfall, and limited daylight hours may significantly restrict or delay fieldwork, transportation of equipment and materials, and the movement of personnel to and from the properties. As a result, delays or interruptions during the limited operating season could materially impact the timing of exploration programs, development activities, and production schedules, which may increase operating costs or defer anticipated revenues.
Certain operations are in Mexico and may be subject to geo-political risk.
Certain operations are in Mexico. Any political or social disruptions unique to Mexico would have a material impact on our operations, financial performance and stability. Additionally, our properties and projects are subject to the laws of Mexico, and we may be negatively impacted by the existing laws and regulations of that country, as they apply to mineral exploration, land ownership, royalty interests and taxation, and by any potential changes of such laws and regulations.
Any changes in regulations or shifts in political conditions are beyond our control or influence and may adversely affect our business, or if significant enough, may result in the impairment or loss of mineral concessions or other mineral rights.
Our operations are subject to hazards and risks normally associated with the exploration and development of mineral properties.
Our operations are subject to hazards and risks normally associated with the exploration and development of mineral properties, any of which could cause delays in the progress of our exploration and development plans, damage or destruction of property, loss of life and/or environmental damage. Some of these risks include, but are not limited to, unexpected or unusual geological formations, rock bursts, cave-ins, flooding, fires, earthquakes; unanticipated changes in metallurgical characteristics and mineral recovery; unanticipated ground or water conditions; changes in the regulatory environment; industrial or labor disputes; hazardous weather conditions; cost overruns; land claims; and other unforeseen events. A combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be to these risks.
The nature of these risks is such that liabilities may exceed any insurance policy coverages; the liabilities and hazards might not be insurable, or the Company might not elect to insure itself against such liabilities due to excess premium costs or other factors. Such liabilities may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations and could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in increased costs and a decline in the value of our securities.
Our non-extractive properties may not be brought into the state of commercial production.
Development of mineral properties involves a high degree of risk and few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit depends on factors beyond our control, including the deposit’s attributes,
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commodity prices, government policies and regulation and environmental protection. Fluctuations in the market prices of minerals may render reserves and deposits containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic. The development of our non-extractive properties will require obtaining land use consents, permits and the construction and operation of mines, processing plants and related infrastructure. We are subject to all the risks associated with establishing new mining operations, including:
the timing and cost, which can be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities and related infrastructure;
the availability and cost of skilled labor and mining equipment;
the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements;
the need to obtain and maintain necessary environmental and other governmental approvals and permits, and the timing of those approvals and permits;
in the event that the required permits are not obtained in a timely manner, mine construction and ramp-up will be delayed and the risks of government environmental authorities issuing directives or commencing enforcement proceedings to cease operations or administrative, civil and criminal sanctions being imposed on our company, directors and employees;
delays in obtaining, or a failure to obtain, access to surface rights required for current or future operations;
the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities;
potential opposition from non-governmental organizations, environmental groups or local community groups which may delay or prevent development activities; and
potential increases in construction and operating costs due to changes in the cost of fuel, power, materials and supplies and foreign exchange rates.
It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected costs, problems and delays during development, construction and mine ramp-up. Accordingly, there are no assurances that our non-extractive properties will be brought into a state of commercial production.
Actual capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those we have anticipated and there are no assurances that any future development activities will result in profitable mining operations.
The capital costs to take projects into commercial production may be significantly higher than anticipated. Capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns and other estimates may prove to differ significantly from those used by us to decide to commence extraction, and there can be no assurance that our actual capital and operating costs will not be higher than currently anticipated. Due to higher capital and operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those we anticipated.
We may face equipment shortages, access restrictions and lack of infrastructure.
Natural resource exploration, development and mining activities are dependent on the availability of mining, drilling and related equipment in the areas where such activities are conducted. A limited supply of such equipment or access restrictions may affect the availability of such equipment to us and may delay exploration, development or extraction activities. Certain equipment may not be immediately available or may require long lead-time orders. A delay in obtaining necessary equipment for mineral exploration, including drill rigs, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.
Mining, processing, development and exploration activities also depend, to one degree or another, on the availability of adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources, fuel and water supply and the availability of skilled labor and other infrastructure are important determinants that affect capital and operating costs. The establishment and maintenance of infrastructure, and services are subject to several risks, including risks related to the availability of equipment and materials, inflation, cost overruns and delays, political or community opposition and reliance upon third parties, many of which are outside our control. The lack of availability of acceptable terms or the delay in the availability of any one or more of these items could prevent or delay the development or ongoing operation of our projects.
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Exploration of mineral properties is less intrusive and requires fewer surface and access rights than properties developed for mining. No assurances can be provided that we will be able to secure required surface rights on favorable terms, or at all. Any failure by us to secure surface rights could prevent or delay the development of our projects.
Insurance may not be available to us.
Mineral exploration and processing is subject to risks of human injury, environmental and legal liability and loss of assets. We may elect not to have insurance for certain risks because of the high premiums associated with insuring those risks or, in some cases, insurance may not be available for certain risks. The occurrence of events for which we are not insured could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Our business depends on the availability of skilled personnel and good relations with employees.
We are dependent upon the ability and experience of our executive officers, managers, employees, contractors and their employees, and other personnel, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain such employees or contractors. We may at times have insufficient executive or operational personnel, or personnel whose skills require improvement. We compete with other companies both in and outside the mining industry in recruiting and retaining qualified employees and contractors knowledgeable about the mining business. From time to time, we have encountered, and may in the future encounter, difficulty recruiting skilled mining personnel at acceptable wage and benefit levels in a competitive labor market, and may be required to utilize contractors, which can be more costly. For example, in Thompson Falls, Montana, the limited availability of local residential housing creates a significant barrier to attracting and retaining the skilled labor required for our smelting expansion. As a result, the Company purchased a housing development in 2025 to provide a dedicated housing solution for our workforce in that area, but there is no guarantee that such an investment will be sufficient to help our staffing requirements or offset the of recruiting in a remote location. Temporary or extended lay-offs due to mine may such issues and result in vacancies or the need to hire less skilled or employees or contractors. The of skilled employees or contractors or our to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees and contractors could have an effect on our business and future operations.
A significant disruption to our information technology could adversely affect our business, operating result and financial position.
We rely on a variety of information technology and automated systems to manage and support our operations. For example, we depend on our information technology systems for financial reporting, database management, operational and investment management and internal communications. These systems contain our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our employees. The proper functioning of these systems and the security of this data is critical to the efficient operation and management of our business. In addition, these systems could require upgrades as a result of technological changes or growth in our business. These changes could be costly and disruptive to our operations and could impose substantial demands on management time. Our systems and those of third-party providers, could be vulnerable to damage or disruption caused by catastrophic events, power outages, natural disasters, computer system or network failures, viruses, ransomware or malware, physical or electronic -ins, access, or cyber-attacks.
We have experienced cybersecurity incidents, primarily related to phishing emails, and may in the future experience, whether directly or indirectly, cybersecurity incidents. While prior incidents have not materially affected our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, there is no guarantee that a future cyber incident would not materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
To manage these risks and oversee our evolving technological requirements, we hired a Managing Director of Information Technology in 2025. This role is responsible for the strategic oversight of our digital infrastructure and the implementation of enhanced security protocols; however, the appointment of dedicated leadership does not eliminate the inherent risks of system failure or unauthorized access.
Any security breach could compromise our network, and the information contained therein could be improperly accessed, disclosed, lost or stolen. Because techniques used to sabotage, obtain unauthorized access to systems or prohibit authorized access to systems change frequently and generally are not detected until successfully launched against a target, we may not be able to anticipate these attacks nor prevent them from harming our business or network. Any unauthorized activities could disrupt our operations and be costly to fix, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
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Competition from other mining companies may harm our business.
We compete with other mining companies, some of which have greater financial resources than we do or other advantages, in various areas which include:
attracting and retaining key executives, skilled labor, and other employees;
for the services of other skilled personnel and contractors and their specialized equipment, components and supplies, such as drill rigs, necessary for exploration and development;
for contractors that perform mining and other activities and milling facilities which we lease or toll mill through; and
for rights to mine properties.
Organizational and Common Stock Risks
Our Articles of Incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.
Our board of directors (the “Board”) has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board also has the authority to issue preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of our common stock. In addition, our Board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.
If we lose any of our key personnel, we may encounter difficulty replacing their expertise, which could impair our ability to implement our business plan successfully.
We believe that our ability to implement our business strategy and our future success depends on the continued employment of our management team. The loss of the technical knowledge and mining industry expertise of these key employees could make it difficult for us to execute our business plan effectively and could cause a diversion of resources while we seek replacements.
In addition, our operations require employees, consultants, advisors and contractors with a high degree of specialized technical, management and professional skills, such as engineers, trades people, geologists and equipment operators. We compete both locally and internationally for such professionals. We may be unsuccessful in attracting and maintaining key employees. If we are unable to acquire the talents we seek, we could experience higher operating costs, poorer results, and an overall lack of success in implementing our business plans.
The price of our common stock has a history of volatility and could decline in the future.
Shares of our common stock are listed on NYSE and NYSE Texas. The market price for our common stock has historically been volatile, and has been impacted at times by:
changes in metals prices, particularly antimony;
our results of operations and financial condition as reflected in our public news releases or periodic filings with the SEC;
factors unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, such as global economic developments, market perceptions of the attractiveness of industries, or the reliability of metals markets;
political and regulatory risk;
the success of our exploration, pre-development, and capital programs;
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ability to meet production estimates;
government grants and contracts;
environmental, safety and legal risk;
the extent and nature of analytical coverage concerning our business;
the trading volume and general market interest in our securities; and
delayed financial filings with the SEC.
The market price of our stock at any given point in time may not accurately reflect our value, and may prevent stockholders from realizing a profit on, or recovering, their investment.
If we were liquidated, our common stockholders could lose part, or all, of their investment.
In the event of our dissolution, the proceeds, if any, realized from the liquidation of our assets will be distributed to our stockholders only after the satisfaction of the claims of our creditors and preferred stockholders. The ability of a purchaser of shares to recover all, or any portion, of the purchase price for the shares, in that event, will depend on the amount of funds realized and the claims to be satisfied by those funds.
Our Series B preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $1.00 per share or $750,000 plus accumulated dividends.
If we were liquidated, holders of our preferred stock would be entitled to receive $750,000 plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends from any liquidation proceeds before holders of our common stock would be entitled to receive any proceeds.
Our Series C preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $0.55 per share or $97,847.
If we were liquidated, holders of our preferred stock would be entitled to receive $97,847 from any liquidation proceeds before holders of our common stock would be entitled to receive any proceeds.
The issuance of additional equity securities in the future could adversely affect holders of our common stock.
The market price of our common stock may be affected by the issuance, exercise, or conversion of preferred stock, options, restricted stock, warrants, convertible debt or other rights to acquire any preferred or common stock. Our Board is authorized to issue additional classes or series of preferred stock without any action on the part of our stockholders. This includes the power to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market price of the common stock could be adversely affected. Our Board is also authorized to issue additional shares of common stock and rights to acquire common stock.
We cannot predict the number of additional equity securities that will be issued or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of these securities will have on the market price of the common stock. Any transaction involving the issuance of previously authorized but unissued equity securities would result in dilution, possibly substantial, to stockholders. Based on the need for additional capital to fund expected expenditures and growth, it is likely that we will issue securities to provide such capital. Such additional issuances may involve the issuance of a significant number of equity securities at prices less than the current market price. Sales of substantial amounts of securities, or the availability of the securities for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for the securities and dilute investors’ earnings per share. A decline in the market prices of the securities could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of additional securities should we desire to do so.
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The provisions in our certificate of incorporation, our by-laws and Texas law could delay or deter tender offers or takeover attempts.
Certain provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation, our by-laws and Texas law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that transaction could be beneficial to stockholders. These impediments include:
the classification of our Board into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, which makes it more difficult to quickly replace board members;
the ability of our Board to issue shares of preferred stock with rights as it deems appropriate without stockholder approval;
a provision that special meetings of our board of directors may be called only by our chief executive officer or a majority of our Board;
a provision that special meetings of stockholders may only be called (i) pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of our Board or (ii) by the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary of the Company upon the written request or requests of one or more persons that own shares representing at least 25% of the voting power of the stock entitled to vote on the matter or matters to be brought before the proposed special meeting;
a prohibition against action by written consent of our stockholders;
a provision that our directors may only be removed for cause and by an affirmative vote of at least 80% of the outstanding voting stock;
a provision that our stockholders comply with advance-notice provisions to bring director nominations or other matters before meetings of our stockholders;
a prohibition against certain business combinations with an acquirer of 15% or more of our common stock for three years after such acquisition unless the stock acquisition or the business combination is approved by our Board prior to the acquisition of the 15% interest, or after such acquisition our Board and the holders of two-thirds of the other common stock approve the business combination; and
a prohibition against our entering into certain business combinations with interested stockholders without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of voting stock.
In addition, amendment of most of the provisions described above requires approval of at least 80% of the outstanding voting stock.
Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Risks
As a public company, we are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements and other required disclosures and to comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired. Also, if deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting are not properly remediated, it could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the listing requirements of NYSE and NYSE Texas, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations may be difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and compliance may increase demand on processes, systems, and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Management reviews the Company’s internal control over financial reporting to determine if it is effective. A control deficiency exists when the design, operation, or lack of a control does not allow management or employees to prevent, or detect, and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of , in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As described in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was as of December 31, 2025 due to material in our
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internal control over financial reporting. We intend to take the necessary steps to remediate these material weaknesses. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing effective internal control over financial reporting or that, once successful, such controls will remain effective.
It may require significant resources and management oversight to effectively comply with our regulatory obligations and to avoid future violations. In addition, significant resources and management oversight may also be required to maintain and, if necessary, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. As a result of our efforts to comply with the above rules and regulations, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. To comply with these requirements, we may need to hire more employees in the future or engage outside consultants, which would increase our costs and expenses. We may be unable to comply despite such efforts. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations could adversely affect our stock price and our ability to make accurate and timely financial and other disclosures to investors, attract and maintain key personnel and investors, and use our funds for intended purposes. It may also subject us to the risk of or regulatory enforcement actions us. In connection with our remediation efforts, we have engaged a third-party advisor to assist management in evaluating and our internal control over financial reporting and our processes designed to support compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. While the involvement of a third-party advisor may assist us in these efforts, there can be no assurance that our remediation efforts will be or that our internal control over financial reporting will be in future periods.
We have been informed by our transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company (the “Transfer Agent”), that there is a discrepancy between the number of outstanding shares of our common stock as determined by the Transfer Agent and the number of outstanding shares of our common stock as determined by the Depositary Trust Company. We, together with the Transfer Agent, are working diligently to determine the reason for this discrepancy. If, following the conclusion of our review, we determine that the discrepancy constitutes a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal controls, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial reporting processes, regulatory compliance, corporate actions, investor confidence, and the market price of our common stock.
We may be unable to comply with NYSE continued listing standards and our common stock may be delisted from the NYSE, which would likely cause the liquidity and market price of the common stock to decline.
Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE. We are subject to the continued listing standards of the NYSE and such exchange will consider suspending dealings in, or delisting, securities of an issuer that does not meet its continued listing standards. To maintain our NYSE listing, we must maintain certain standards, such as various corporate governance standards as well as minimum levels or values related to share price, shareholders’ equity balance, market capitalization value, and various share distribution levels. In addition to objective standards, the NYSE may delist the securities of an issuer if it determines that the securities are unsuitable for continued trading, which could be the result if the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets, ceases to be an operating company, or discontinues a substantial portion of its operations or business. We may not be able to satisfy these standards and remain listed on the NYSE, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds through the sale of our common stock, which could affect our liquidity.
We face substantial governmental regulations, including the Mine Safety and Health Act, various environmental laws and regulations and the 1872 Mining Law.
Our business is subject to extensive U.S. and foreign federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection, natural resources, prospecting, development, production, post-closure reclamation, taxes, labor standards and occupational health and safety laws and regulations, including mine safety, toxic substances and other matters. The costs associated with compliance with such laws and regulations are substantial. Possible future laws and regulations, or more restrictive interpretations of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of operations and delays in the development of new properties.
U.S. surface and underground mines like those at our Preston Operations are inspected periodically by MSHA, which inspections often lead to notices of violation under the Mine Safety and Health Act. Our facility or mine at Preston Idaho could be subject to a temporary or extended shutdown due to a violation alleged by MSHA. For more information on the status of inspections by MSHA, see Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Some mining laws prevent mining companies that have been found to (i) have engaged in environmentally harmful conduct or (ii) be responsible for environmentally harmful conduct engaged in by affiliates or other third parties, including in other jurisdictions, from maintaining current or obtaining future permits until remediation or restitution has occurred. If we are found to be responsible for any such conduct, our ability to operate existing projects or develop new projects might be impaired until we satisfy costly conditions.
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We cannot assure you that we will always be in compliance with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in lawsuits or regulatory actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, which may require corrective measures including capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. Any one or more of these liabilities could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition.
In addition to existing regulatory requirements, legislation and regulations may be adopted, regulatory procedures modified, or permit limits reduced at any time, any of which could result in additional exposure to liability, operating expense, capital expenditures or restrictions and delays in the mining, production or development of our properties. Mining accidents and fatalities or toxic waste releases, whether at our mines or related to metals mining, may increase the likelihood of additional regulation or changes in law or enhanced regulatory scrutiny. Enforcement or regulatory tools and methods available to regulatory bodies, such as MSHA or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), could be used against us or the industry in general and materially adversely affect our financial condition.
From time to time, the U.S. Congress considers proposed amendments to the 1872 Mining Law, which governs mining claims and related activities on federal lands. The extent of any future changes is not known and the potential impact on us because of U.S. Congressional action is difficult to predict. Changes to the 1872 Mining Law, if adopted, could adversely affect our ability to economically develop mineral reserves on federal lands, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition.
Our operations are subject to complex, evolving and increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations. Compliance with environmental regulations, and litigation based on such regulations, involves significant costs and can threaten existing operations or constrain expansion opportunities.
Our operations, both in the United States and internationally, are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations governing wastewater discharges; remediation, restoration and reclamation of environmental contamination; the generation, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances; solid waste disposal; air emissions; protection of endangered and protected species and designation of critical habitats; mine closures and reclamation; and other related matters. In addition, we must obtain regulatory permits and approvals to start, continue and expand operations. New or revised environmental regulatory requirements are frequently proposed, many of which result in substantially increased costs for our business.
Our U.S. operations are subject to the Clean Water Act, which requires permits for certain discharges into waters of the United States. Such permitting has been a frequent subject of litigation and enforcement activity by environmental advocacy groups and the EPA, respectively, which has resulted in declines in such permits or extensive delays in receiving them, as well as the imposition of penalties for permit violations. In 2015, the regulatory definition of “waters of the United States” that are protected by the Clean Water Act was expanded by the EPA, thereby imposing significant additional restrictions on waterway discharges and land uses. However, in 2018, implementation of the relevant rule was suspended for two years, and in December 2019 a revised definition that narrows the 2015 version was implemented. In late 2021, the EPA and US Army Corps of Engineers proposed to revise the definition again, moving it back to its more inclusive, pre-2018 definition. If this rule change were to take effect or states take action to address a perceived fall-off in protection under the Clean Water Act, litigation involving water discharge permits could increase, which may result in in, or in some instances , the commencement or continuation of development or production operations. Enforcement actions by the EPA or other federal or state agencies could also result. outcomes in lawsuits permits or to comply with applicable regulations or permits could result in the , , or of required permits, or the imposition of , any of which could have a material impact on our cash flows, results of operations, or financial condition.
Some of the mining wastes from our U.S. mines currently are exempt to a limited extent from the extensive set of EPA regulations governing hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”). If the EPA were to repeal this exemption, and designate these mining wastes as hazardous under RCRA, we would be required to expend additional amounts on the handling of such wastes and to make significant expenditures to construct hazardous waste storage or disposal facilities. In addition, if any of these wastes or other substances we release or cause to be released into the environment cause or has caused contamination in or damage to the environment at a U.S. mining facility, that facility could be designated as a “Superfund” site under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”). Under CERCLA, any present owner or operator of a Superfund site or the owner or operator at the time of contamination may be held jointly and severally liable regardless of fault and may be forced to undertake extensive remedial cleanup action or to pay for the cleanup efforts. The owner or operator also may be liable to federal, state and tribal governmental entities for the cost of to natural resources, which could be substantial. Additional regulations or requirements also are imposed on our tailings and waste disposal areas under the federal Clean Water Act.
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Legislative and regulatory measures to address climate change and greenhouse gas emissions are in various phases of consideration. If adopted, such measures could increase our cost of environmental compliance and also delay or otherwise negatively affect efforts to obtain permits and other regulatory approvals with regard to existing and new facilities. Proposed measures could also result in increased cost of fuel and other consumables used at our operations.
Adoption of these or similar new environmental regulations or more stringent application of existing regulations may materially increase our costs, threaten certain operating activities and constrain our expansion opportunities.
Some of our facilities are located in or near environmentally sensitive areas such as salmon fisheries, endangered species habitats, wilderness areas, national monuments and national forests, and we may incur additional costs to mitigate potential environmental harm in such areas.
Laws in the U.S. such as CERCLA and similar state laws may expose us to joint and several liability or claims for contribution made by the government (state or federal) or private parties. Moreover, exposure to these liabilities arises not only from our existing but also from closed operations, operations sold to third parties, or operations in which we had a leasehold, joint venture, or other interest. Because liability under CERCLA is often alleged on a joint and several basis against any property owner or operator or arranger for the transport of hazardous waste, and because we have been in operation since around 1968, our exposure to environmental claims may be greater because of the bankruptcy or dissolution of other mining companies which may have engaged in more significant activities at a mining site than we but which are no longer available for governmental agencies or other claimants to make claims or obtain judgments from. Similarly, there is also the potential for us based on agreements entered into by certain affiliates and predecessor companies relating to the transfer of businesses or properties, which contained indemnification provisions relating to environmental matters. In each of the types of cases described in this paragraph, the government (federal or state) or private parties could seek to hold the Company liable for the actions of their subsidiaries or predecessors.
The laws and regulations, changes in such laws and regulations, and lawsuits and enforcement actions described in this risk factor could lead to the imposition of substantial fines, remediation costs, penalties and other civil and criminal sanctions against us. Further, substantial costs and liabilities, including for restoring the environment after the closure of mines, are inherent in our operations. There is no assurance that any such law, regulation, enforcement or private claim, or reclamation activity, would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We are required by U.S. federal and state laws and regulations and by laws and regulations in the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate to reclaim our mining properties. The specific requirements may change and vary among jurisdictions, but they are similar in that they aim to minimize long term effects of exploration and mining and processing disturbance by requiring the control of possible deleterious effluents and re-establishment to some degree of pre-disturbance landforms and vegetation. In some cases, we are required to provide financial assurances as security for reclamation costs, which may exceed our estimates for such costs. Conversely, our reclamation costs may exceed the financial assurances in place and those assurances may ultimately be unavailable to us.
The EPA and other state, provincial or federal agencies may also require financial assurance for investigation and remediation actions that are required under settlements of enforcement actions under CERCLA or equivalent state regulations. Currently there are no financial assurance requirements for active mining operations under CERCLA, and a lawsuit filed by several environmental organizations which sought to require the EPA to adopt financial assurance rules for mining companies with active mining operations was dismissed by a federal court. In the future, financial assurance rules under CERCLA, if adopted, could be financially material and adverse to us.
We are required to obtain governmental permits and other approvals in order to conduct mining operations.
In the ordinary course of business, mining companies are required to seek governmental permits and other approvals for continuation or expansion of existing operations or for the commencement of new operations. Obtaining the necessary governmental permits is a complex, time-consuming and costly process. The duration and success of our efforts to obtain permits are contingent upon many variables not within our control. Obtaining environmental permits, including the approval of reclamation plans, may increase costs and cause delays or halt the continuation of mining operations depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted and the interpretation of applicable requirements established by the permitting authority. Interested parties, including governmental agencies and non- governmental organizations or civic groups, may seek to prevent issuance of permits and intervene in the process or pursue extensive appeal rights. Past or ongoing violations of laws or regulations involving obtaining or complying with permits could provide a basis to revoke existing permits, deny the issuance of additional permits, or commence a regulatory enforcement action, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition. In addition, evolving reclamation or environmental may our ability to renew existing permits or obtain new permits in connection with future development, expansions and
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operations. We cannot assure you that all necessary approvals and permits will be obtained and, if obtained, that the costs involved will not exceed those that we previously estimated. It is possible that the costs and delays associated with the compliance with evolving standards and regulations could become such that we would not proceed with a particular development or operation.
We are often required to post surety bonds or cash collateral to secure our reclamation obligations and we may be unable to obtain the required surety bonds or may not have the resources to provide cash collateral, and the bonds or collateral may not fully cover the cost of reclamation and any such shortfall could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition. Further, when we use the services of a surety company to provide the required bond for reclamation, the surety companies often require us to post collateral with them, including letters of credit. In the event that we are unable to obtain necessary bonds or to post sufficient collateral, we may experience a material adverse effect on our operations or financial results.
New federal and state laws, regulations and initiatives could impact our operations.
There have been proposed or implemented ballot initiatives that sought to directly or indirectly curtail or eliminate mining in certain states including Montana. Future initiatives to curtail or eliminate mining could be on the ballot in states or jurisdictions (including local or international) in which we currently or may in the future operate. To the extent any such initiative was passed and became law, there could be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We cannot guarantee title to all of our properties.
We cannot guarantee title to all our properties as the properties may be subject to prior mineral rights applications with priority, prior unregistered agreements or transfers or indigenous peoples’ land claims, and title may be affected by undetected defects. Certain of the mineral rights held by us are held under applications for mineral rights or are subject to renewal applications and, until final approval of such applications is received, our rights to such mineral rights may not materialize and the exact boundaries of the Company’s properties may be subject to adjustment. For our operations in Mexico, we hold mining claims, mineral concession titles and mining leases that are obtained and held in accordance with the laws of the country, which provide the Company the right to exploit and explore the properties. The validity of the claims, concessions and leases could be uncertain and may be contested. Although we have conducted title reviews of our property holdings, title review does not necessarily preclude third parties (including governments) from challenging our title. In accordance with mining industry practice, we do not generally obtain title opinions until we decide to develop a property. Therefore, while we have attempted to acquire title to our undeveloped properties, some titles may be . We do not maintain title insurance on our properties.
Mining Claims may not be feasible or economical.
The Company owns mining claims, however, the mineral resources and reserves contained in these mining claims may not be feasible or economical for mining, development, and production. If not feasible or economical, the Company would have no return on its investment and no owned ore supply from these mining claims, which could have a material adverse effect on the results of its operations and its financial condition.
Artificial intelligence may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The advances and increased adoption of artificial intelligence could have significant and far-reaching effects on our business and our industry, which could adversely impact our mining and processing of minerals, the selling of our products, the demand for our products, the pricing of our products, the cost structure of our Company, and our ability to adequately compete in our industry, among other things. As a result, the impact of artificial intelligence could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations and our financial condition.
There is uncertainty as to the termination and renewal of our mining concessions.
Under the laws of Mexico, mineral resources belong to the state, and therefore, concessions are required to explore or exploit mineral reserves. In Mexico, mineral rights derive from concessions granted, on a discretionary basis, by the Ministry of Economy, pursuant to Mexican mining law and regulations thereunder.
Mining concessions in Mexico may be terminated if the obligations of the concessioner are not satisfied. In Mexico, we are obligated, among other things, to explore or exploit the relevant concession, to pay any relevant fees, to comply with all environmental and safety standards, to provide information to the Ministry of Economy and to allow inspections by the Ministry of Economy. Any termination or
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unfavorable modification of the terms of one or more of our concessions, or failure to obtain renewals of such concessions subject to renewal or extensions, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and prospects.
Mexican economic and political conditions, as well as drug-related violence, may have an adverse impact on our business.
The Mexican economy is highly sensitive to economic developments in the United States, mainly because of its high level of exports to this market. Other risks in Mexico are increases in taxes on the mining sector, higher royalties, and increased government regulations, requirements, and restrictions on Value Added Tax (“VAT” or “IVA”) refunds. As has occurred in other metal producing countries, the mining industry may be perceived as a source of additional fiscal revenue.
In addition, public safety organizations in Mexico are under significant stress, because of drug-related violence. This situation creates potential risks, particularly for transportation of minerals and finished products, which may affect a small portion of our production. Drug-related violence has had a limited impact on our operations, as it has tended to concentrate outside of our areas of production. The potential risks to our operations might increase if the violence spreads to our areas of production. We cannot provide any assurance that political developments and economic conditions in Mexico, including any changes to economic policies, changes to government regulations, requirements, and restrictions on VAT refunds, the adoption of other reforms proposed by existing or future administrations in Mexico, or the advent of drug-related violence in the country, will not have a material adverse effect on the price of our securities, our ability to obtain financing, and our results of operations or financial condition.
Mexican inflation, restrictive exchange control policies and fluctuations in the peso exchange rate may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Although all our Mexican operations’ sales of metals are priced and invoiced in U.S. dollars, a substantial portion of its costs are denominated in pesos. Accordingly, when inflation in Mexico increases without a corresponding depreciation of the peso, the net income generated by our Mexican operations is adversely affected. The peso has been subject in the past to significant volatility, which may not have been proportionate to the inflation rate and may not be proportionate to the inflation rate in the future.
Currently, the Mexican government does not restrict the ability of Mexican companies or individuals to convert pesos into dollars or other currencies. While we do not expect the Mexican government to impose any restrictions or exchange control policies in the future, it is an area we closely monitor. We cannot assure you the Mexican government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso or that the peso’s value will not fluctuate significantly in the future. The imposition of exchange control policies could impair our ability to obtain imported goods and to meet its U.S. dollar-denominated obligations and could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
