ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. The risk factors described below include the considerable risks associated with the current economic environment and the related potential adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations. You should read these risk factors in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report generally because we do not currently perceive them to be material. Those factors could cause results to differ materially from our expectations.
Summary of Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which you should evaluate before making a decision to invest in our common shares. This summary does not address all of the risks related to our business. Additional discussion of the risk summaries may be found under the “ Risk Factors ” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and should be carefully considered before making a decision to invest in our common shares. These risks include, among others:
Some of our current and planned business activities, while compliant with applicable U.S. state and local law, are illegal under U.S. federal law.
We are dependent on regulatory approvals and licenses to conduct our business, and there is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority.
The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry, which industry is subject to change at both the state and federal level.
Our growth and development may be hindered by applicable limitations on ownership of licenses.
We are subject to those risks inherent in an agricultural business.
Due to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, third parties may fail to establish or maintain business relationships with us, which could have a material adverse effect on us, and banks and other financial institutions which service the cannabis industry are at risk of violating certain financial laws, including anti-money laundering statutes, and if we do not have access to any banking system in the jurisdiction in which we operate, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
If our operations were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under federal statutes noted or any other applicable legislation, which could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada, and subject us to civil and/or criminal penalties.
Reclassification of cannabis in the U.S. could adversely impact our business and growth strategy.
We may be subject to federal and state forfeiture laws which, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
The results of future clinical research may be unfavorable to cannabis which may have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products.
Our operations in the U.S. and any future operations or investments may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada.
Regulatory changes may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to cease operations entirely.
We may incur significant tax liabilities due to limitations on tax deductions and credits under the applicable sections of the Internal Revenue Code.
We may not be able to accurately forecast our operating results and plan our operations due to uncertainties in the cannabis industry.
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If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would materially adversely affect our prospects and the rights of our lenders and securityholders.
Public opinion and perception may significantly influence government policy and regulation of the cannabis industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and prospects.
We face risks due to industry immaturity or limited comparable, competitive or established industry best practices.
We may face opposition from other industries, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
We face intense competition from other companies and increasing legalization of cannabis and rapid growth and consolidation in the cannabis industry may further intensify competition.
There remains doubt and uncertainty that we will be able to legally enforce contracts we enter into.
We are subject to changes in laws, regulations and guidelines which could adversely affect our future business, financial conditions and operations.
Any failure on our part to comply with applicable regulations could prevent us from being able to carry on our business.
A drop in the wholesale or retail price of cannabis products in the geographic areas in which we operate would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The future growth of the Company depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of its advertising and promotional expenditures to attract and retain customers.
The Company depends on the popularity and acceptance of its brand portfolio.
Future research may lead to findings that vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products are not safe for their intended use.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and holders of our common shares could suffer a total loss of their investment. If we are unable to achieve our financial projections, we may need to raise additional capital to continue our operations. Such capital may not be available to us or may not be available at terms we deem acceptable, either of which could reduce our ability to compete and could negatively affect our business.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment.
Our business is dependent on skilled labor, equipment, parts, components and key inputs and any interruption or disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our reliance on third-party suppliers and loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
We have incurred substantial indebtedness that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and we may not be able to refinance, extend or repay this indebtedness on a timely basis or at all.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit management’s discretion in the operation of our business and any default under our debt agreements could have a material adverse impact on our business and operations .
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service requirements and repayment requirements and if our lenders exercise their rights in the event of a default it would have material adverse effect on our business, capital, financial condition and prospects and we would likely be forced to seek bankruptcy protection.
Mark Scatterday has significant influence over the Company and may have interests that conflict with those of our other shareholders.
We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations.
There is no assurance that we will be able to develop our products, which could prevent us from ever becoming profitable.
There is no assurance that our cash flows and debt or other financing will be sufficient to fund our operations.
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We are a holding company and are dependent on the earnings and distributions by our subsidiaries.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity.
We have been or may become subject to litigation, including for possible product liability claims, which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results from operations and financial condition.
We may encounter unknown environmental risks.
We are highly dependent on certain key personnel and if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, we may not be able to compete effectively in the cannabis market.
The market price of our securities may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.
The Company has a history of losses and may continue to incur losses in the future.
Product recalls could result in a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities which could result in a conflict of interest.
Management may not be able to successfully implement and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting.
Increased prices and inflation could negatively impact our margin performance and our financial results.
We may be subject to risks related to the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights and may become subject to allegations that we are in violation of intellectual property rights of third parties.
We are reliant on information technology systems and may be subject to damaging cyber-attacks or security breaches.
We are subject to data privacy laws, rules and regulations and any non-compliance with such laws, rules and regulations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We may not be able to successfully identify and execute future acquisitions or dispositions, or to successfully manage the impacts of such transactions on our operations.
We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Regulation and the Cannabis Industry
Some of our current and planned business activities, while compliant with applicable U.S. state and local law, are illegal under U.S. federal law.
We are engaged in the manufacturing, management, packaging/labeling, advertising, sale, transportation, storage and disposal of cannabis and are subject to laws and regulations relating to drugs, controlled substances, health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Because the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal under U.S. federal law, and any such acts are criminal acts under federal law under any and all circumstances under the CSA, an investor’s contribution to and involvement in such activities may result in federal civil and/or criminal prosecution, including forfeiture of the investors’ entire investment. We may also be deemed to be aiding and abetting illegal activities through the contracts we have entered into and the products that we intend to provide. As a result, U.S. law enforcement authorities, in their attempt to regulate the illegal use of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia, may seek to bring an action or actions against us, including, but not limited to, aiding and abetting another’s criminal activities. The U.S. federal aiding and abetting statute provides that anyone who “commits an offense against the U.S. or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.” As a result of such an action, we may be forced to cease operations and be restricted from operating in the U.S., and our investors could lose their entire investment. Such an action would have a material negative effect on our business and operations.
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Because the cannabis industry remains illegal under U.S. federal law, any property owned by participants in the cannabis industry which are either used in the course of conducting such business, or are the proceeds of such business, could be subject to seizure by law enforcement and subsequent civil asset forfeiture. Even if the owner of the property was never charged with a crime, the property in question could still be seized and subject to an administrative proceeding by which, with minimal due process, it could be subject to forfeiture.
In addition, companies providing goods and/or services to companies like us that are engaged in cannabis- related activities may, under threat of federal civil and/or criminal prosecution, suspend or withdraw their services. Any suspension of service and inability to procure goods or services from an alternative source, even on a temporary basis, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on regulatory approvals and licenses to conduct our business, and there is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority.
Our ability to grow, store and sell cannabis in the U.S. is dependent on our ability to obtain licenses in the relevant state and local jurisdictions to do so. We will be required to obtain or renew further government permits and licenses for our contemplated operations. Obtaining, amending or renewing the necessary governmental permits and licenses can be a time-consuming process potentially involving numerous regulatory agencies, public hearings and costly undertakings on our part. The duration and success of our efforts to obtain, amend and renew permits and licenses will be contingent upon many variables outside our control, including the interpretation of applicable requirements implemented by the relevant permitting or licensing authority. We may not be able to obtain, amend or renew permits or licenses that are necessary to our operations. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the permitting and licensing process could impede our ongoing or proposed operations. To the extent permits or licenses are not obtained, amended or renewed, or are subsequently suspended or revoked, we may be curtailed or prohibited from proceeding with our ongoing operations or planned development and commercialization activities. Such curtailment or prohibition may result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
There is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority, or, if issued, extended or renewed on terms that are favorable to us. There is also no assurance that our licenses will be renewed by each applicable regulatory authority in the future in a timely manner. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the licensing renewal process for any of the licenses held by us could impede our ongoing or planned operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry, which industry is subject to change at both the state and federal level.
The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry. The political environment surrounding the cannabis industry in general can be volatile and the regulatory framework remains in flux. To our knowledge, there are to date a total of forty states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam that have legalized a form of comprehensive commercial medical or adult-use cannabis reform; however, the risk remains that a shift in the regulatory or political realm could occur and have a drastic impact on the industry as a whole, adversely impacting our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Delays in enactment of new state or federal regulations could restrict our ability to reach strategic growth targets and lower return on investor capital. Our strategic growth strategy is reliant upon certain federal and state regulations being enacted to facilitate the legalization of medical and adult-use cannabis. If such regulations are not enacted, or enacted but subsequently repealed or amended, or enacted with prolonged phase-in periods, our ability to reach our growth targets could be diminished, and thus, the effect on the return of investor capital, could be detrimental. We are unable to predict with certainty when and how the outcome of these complex regulatory and legislative actions will affect our business and growth.
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Further, there is no guarantee that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of cannabis will not be repealed or overturned or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions. If the federal government begins to enforce federal laws relating to cannabis in states where the sale and use of cannabis is currently legal, or if existing applicable state laws are repealed or curtailed, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be materially adversely affected. It is also important to note that local and city ordinances may strictly limit and/or restrict the disbursement of cannabis in a manner that will make it extremely difficult or impossible to transact business that is necessary for the continued operation of the cannabis industry. Federal actions against individuals or entities engaged in the cannabis industry or a repeal of applicable cannabis-related legislation could adversely affect us and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We are aware that multiple states are considering special taxes or fees on businesses in the cannabis industry. It is a potential yet unknown risk at this time that other states are in the process of reviewing such additional fees and taxation. This could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
The commercial, medical and adult-use cannabis industries’ regulations may be subject to change. We have put in place a detailed compliance program which we will oversee, maintain and implement. In addition to our legal and compliance departments, we also have local regulatory/compliance counsel engaged in every jurisdiction in which we operate. Our compliance program emphasizes security and inventory control to ensure strict monitoring of cannabis and inventory from delivery by a licensed distributor to sale or disposal. Additionally, we have created comprehensive standard operating procedures that include detailed descriptions and instructions for monitoring inventory at all stages of development and distribution. We will continue to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis in accordance with our compliance program and standard operating procedures and adapt to any changes to regulation in the cannabis industry.
Overall, the medical and adult-use cannabis industry is subject to significant regulatory change at both the state and federal level. Our inability to respond to the changing regulatory landscape may cause us to not be successful in capturing significant market share and could otherwise harm our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
FDA regulation of medical cannabis may cause novel regulatory compliance and registration requirements.
FDA regulation of medical cannabis and the possible registration of facilities where medical cannabis is grown could negatively affect the medical cannabis industry, which would directly affect our financial condition. Should the federal government legalize cannabis for medical use by reclassifying cannabis as a Schedule III controlled substance, it is possible that FDA would seek to regulate it under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938. Additionally, FDA may issue rules and regulations including certified good manufacturing practices, related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of medical cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify efficacy and safety. It is also possible that FDA would require that facilities where medical cannabis is grown register with FDA and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations. In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, it is unknown what the impact would be on the medical cannabis industry, including what costs, requirements and possible prohibitions may be enforced. If we are unable to comply with the regulations or registration as prescribed by FDA it may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our growth and development may be hindered by applicable limitations on ownership of licenses.
In certain states, the cannabis laws and regulations limit not only the number of cannabis licenses issued, but also the number of cannabis licenses that one person may own. For example, in Massachusetts, no person or entity having “direct or indirect control,” which includes a direct or indirect ownership interest of 10% or greater, may hold more than three licenses in a particular class, except as specified in the regulations. Such limitations on the acquisition or ownership of additional licenses within certain states or enforcement by regulators in certain states against such services arrangements may limit our ability to grow organically or to increase our market share in such states.
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We are subject to those risks inherent in an agricultural business.
Adult-use and medical marijuana are agricultural products. There are risks inherent in the agricultural business, such as insects, plant diseases and other similar agricultural risks. Although our products are usually grown indoors under climate-controlled conditions, with conditions monitored, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not have a material adverse effect on the production of our products.
We may be adversely impacted by rising or volatile energy costs.
Our cannabis growing and manufacturing operations consume considerable energy, which makes us vulnerable to rising energy costs. Accordingly, rising or volatile energy costs may adversely affect our business and our ability to operate profitably.
Due to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, third parties may fail to establish or maintain business relationships with us, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The parties with which we do business may perceive that they are exposed to reputational risk as a result of our cannabis business activities. We may in the future have difficulty establishing or maintaining bank accounts or other business relationships. Failure to establish or maintain business relationships could have a material adverse effect on us.
Due to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, banks and other financial institutions which service the cannabis industry are at risk of violating certain financial laws, including anti-money laundering statutes, and if we do not have access to traditional banking and financial services in the jurisdictions in which we operate, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations domestically and in the U.S. that involve money laundering, financial recordkeeping and proceeds of crime, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), the Proceeds of Crime Act (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada), as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder, the Criminal Code (Canada) and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the U.S. and Canada. Since the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of cannabis remains illegal under the CSA, banks and other financial institutions providing services to cannabis- related businesses risk violation of federal anti-money laundering statutes (18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 and 1957), the unlicensed money-remitter statute (18 U.S.C. § 1960) and the Bank Secrecy Act, among other applicable federal statutes. Banks or other financial institutions that provide cannabis businesses with financial services, such as a checking account in violation of the Bank Secrecy Act, could be criminally prosecuted for willful violations of money laundering statutes, in addition to being subject to other criminal, civil and regulatory enforcement actions. Banks often refuse to provide depository and lending services to businesses involved in the cannabis industry due to the present state of the laws and regulations governing financial institutions in the U.S. The lack of banking and financial services presents unique and significant challenges to businesses in the cannabis industry. The potential lack of a secure place in which to deposit and store proceeds, the inability to pay creditors through the issuance of checks and the inability to secure traditional forms of operational financing, such as lines of credit, are some of the many challenges presented by the unavailability of traditional banking and financial services. These statutes can impose criminal liability for engaging in certain financial and monetary transactions with the proceeds of a “specified unlawful activity” such as distributing controlled substances which are illegal under federal law, including cannabis, and for failing to identify or report financial transactions that involve the proceeds of cannabis-related violations of the CSA. We may also be exposed to the foregoing risks.
In February 2014, the United States Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued the FinCEN Memorandum providing instructions to banks seeking to provide services to cannabis-related businesses. The FinCEN Memorandum states that in some circumstances, it is permissible for banks to provide services
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to cannabis-related businesses without risking prosecution for violation of the Bank Secrecy Act. It refers to supplementary guidance that former Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued to federal prosecutors relating to the prosecution of money laundering offenses predicated on cannabis-related violations of the CSA. Although the FinCEN Memorandum remains in effect today, overall, the DOJ continues to have the right and power to prosecute crimes committed by banks and financial institutions, such as money laundering and violations of the Bank Secrecy Act, that occur in any state, including in states that have legalized the applicable conduct and the DOJ’s current enforcement priorities could change for any number of reasons. A change in the DOJ’s enforcement priorities could result in the DOJ prosecuting banks and financial institutions for crimes that previously were not prosecuted. If we do not have access to traditional banking and financial services in the jurisdictions in which we operate, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
If our operations were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under federal statutes noted or any other applicable legislation, which could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada, and subject us to civil and/or criminal penalties .
Potential violations of federal law resulting from cannabis-related activities include the U.S. Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”). RICO is a federal statute providing criminal penalties in addition to a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization. Under RICO, it is unlawful for any person who has received income derived from a pattern of racketeering activity (which includes most felonious violations of the CSA), to use or invest any of that income in the acquisition of any interest, or the establishment or operation of any enterprise which is engaged in interstate commerce. RICO also authorizes private parties whose properties or businesses are harmed by such patterns of racketeering activity to initiate a civil action against the individuals involved. Although RICO suits against the cannabis industry are rare, a few cannabis businesses have been subject to a civil RICO action. Defending such a case has proven extremely costly, and potentially fatal to a business’ operations.
In the event that any of our operations, or any proceeds thereof, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenues accruing from such operations in the U.S. were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under one or more of the statutes noted above or any other applicable legislation. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada, and subject us to civil and/or criminal penalties. Furthermore, while there are no current intentions to declare or pay dividends on the common shares in the foreseeable future, in the event that a determination was made that our proceeds from operations (or any future operations or investments in the U.S.) could reasonably be shown to constitute proceeds of crime, we may decide or be required to suspend declaring or paying dividends without advance notice and for an indefinite period of time. We could likewise be required to suspend or cease operations entirely.
Reclassification of cannabis in the U.S. could adversely impact our business and growth strategy.
If marijuana is re-categorized as a Schedule II or lower controlled substance, the ability to conduct research on the medical benefits of cannabis would most likely be improved; however, if cannabis is re- categorized as a Schedule II or other controlled substance, and the resulting re-classification would result in the requirement for FDA approval if medical claims are made for our products such as medical use cannabis, then as a result, such products may be subject to a significant degree of regulation by the FDA and U.S. DEA. In that case, we may be required to be registered (licensed) to perform these activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Obtaining the necessary registrations may result in delay of the cultivation, manufacturing or distribution of our anticipated products. The DEA conducts periodic inspections of certain registered establishments that handle controlled substances. Failure to maintain compliance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The DEA may seek civil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations or initiate proceedings to restrict, suspend or revoke those registrations. In certain circumstances, violations could lead to criminal proceedings. Furthermore, if the FDA, DEA, or any other regulatory authority determines that our products may have potential for abuse, it may require us to generate more clinical or other data than we currently
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anticipate in order to establish whether or to what extent the substance has an abuse potential, which could increase the cost and/or delay the launch of that product.
If the federal government reclassifies cannabis from a Schedule I controlled substance, it is possible that FDA would seek to regulate cannabis under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938. Additionally, FDA may issue rules and regulations, including good manufacturing practices related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of medical use cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify the efficacy and safety of cannabis. It is also possible that FDA would require facilities where medical use cannabis is grown to register with FDA and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations. In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, the impact they would have on the cannabis industry is unknown, including the costs, requirements and possible prohibitions that may be enforced.
It is also possible that the federal government could seek to regulate cannabis under the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives may issue rules and regulations related to the use, transporting, sale and advertising of cannabis or cannabis products, including smokeless cannabis products . If we are unable to comply with the potential regulations or registration requirements prescribed by FDA or the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, revenue, results of operation and financial condition.
We may be subject to federal and state forfeiture laws which, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
Violations of any federal laws and regulations could result in significant fines, penalties, administrative sanctions, convictions or settlements arising from civil proceedings conducted by either the federal government or private citizens, or criminal charges, including, but not limited to, seizure of assets, disgorgement of profits, cessation of business activities or divestiture. As an entity that conducts business in the cannabis industry in the U.S., we will be potentially subject to federal and state forfeiture laws (criminal and civil) that permit the government to seize the proceeds of criminal activity. Civil forfeiture laws could provide an alternative for the federal government or any state or local police force that wants to discourage residents from conducting transactions with cannabis-related businesses but believes criminal liability is too difficult to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Also, an individual can be required to forfeit property considered to be the proceeds of a crime even if the individual is not convicted of the crime, and the standard of proof in a civil forfeiture matter is lower than the standard in a criminal matter. Depending on the applicable law, whether federal or state, rather than having to establish liability beyond a reasonable doubt, the federal government or the state, as applicable, may be required to prove that the money or property at issue is proceeds of a crime only by either clear and convincing evidence or a mere preponderance of the evidence.
Employees of our company located in states where cannabis remains illegal may be at risk of prosecution under federal and/or state conspiracy, aiding and abetting and money laundering statutes and be at further risk of losing their investments or proceeds under forfeiture statutes. Many states remain fully able to take action to prevent the proceeds of cannabis businesses from entering their state. While jurisdictions in which entities are allowed to conduct business in the cannabis industry have not yet meaningfully utilized forfeiture statutes in this manner, it remains an open question as to whether these states would take such action and whether a court would approve it. Forfeiture laws, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
The results of future clinical research may be unfavorable to cannabis which may have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products.
Research regarding the medical and/or therapeutic benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and dosing of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC) remains in early stages. There have been relatively few clinical trials on the benefits of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC). Future research and clinical trials could raise concerns regarding cannabis. Further, the cannabis industry is highly dependent upon consumer perception regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of the cannabis produced. Consumer perception can be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings regarding the consumption of cannabis products. There can be no assurance that future scientific
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research or findings will be favorable to the cannabis market or any particular product, or consistent with earlier research or findings. Future research studies and clinical trials may draw opposing conclusions to those stated in current research or reach negative conclusions regarding the medical and/or therapeutic benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, dosing or other facts related to cannabis, which could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products, and therefore on our business, prospects, revenue, results of operation and financial condition.
Our operations in the U.S. and any future operations or investments may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada.
Currently, our common shares are traded on the Cboe Canada and quoted on the OTCQB in the U.S. Our operations in the U.S. and any future operations or investments may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada. As a result, we may be subject to significant direct and indirect interaction with public officials. There can be no assurance that this heightened scrutiny will not in turn lead to the imposition of certain restrictions on our ability to operate or invest in the U.S. or any other jurisdiction, in addition to those described herein.
The CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc. (“CDS”), Canada’s central securities depository for clearing and settling trades in the Canadian equity, fixed income and money markets, has indicated that it would refuse to settle trades for cannabis issuers that have investments in the U.S. The TMX Group, the owner and operator of CDS, issued a statement in August 2017 reaffirming that there is no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S., despite media reports to the contrary and that the TMX Group was working with regulators to arrive at a solution that will clarify this matter, which would be communicated at a later time. In February 2018, following discussions with the Canadian Securities Administrators and recognized Canadian securities exchanges, the TMX Group announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with The Aequitas NEO Exchange Inc., the CSE, the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the TSX Venture Exchange. The MOU outlines the parties’ understanding of Canada’s regulatory framework applicable to the rules, procedures and regulatory oversight of the exchanges and CDS as it relates to issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. The MOU confirms, with respect to the clearing of listed securities, that CDS relies on the exchanges to review the conduct of listed issuers. As a result, there is currently no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. However, there can be no guarantee that this approach to regulation will continue in the future. If such a ban were to be implemented, it would have a material adverse effect on the ability of holders of common shares to make and settle trades. In particular, we would become highly illiquid until an alternative was implemented, as investors would have no ability to effect a trade of securities through the facilities of the applicable stock exchange.
In addition, in the U.S., many clearing houses for major broker-dealer firms have refused to handle securities or settle transactions of companies engaged in cannabis-related business. This means that certain broker-dealers cannot accept for deposit or settle transactions in our securities, which may inhibit the ability of investors to trade in our securities and could negatively affect the liquidity of our securities.
Any restrictions imposed by the Cboe Canada, OTCQB or other applicable exchange or quotation system on our business of and/or the potential delisting of the common shares from the Cboe Canada, OTCQB or other applicable exchange or regulatory agency would have a material adverse effect on us and on the ability of holders of common shares to make trades.
Regulatory changes may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to cease operations entirely.
Our business activities will rely on newly established and/or developing laws and regulations in multiple jurisdictions. These laws and regulations are rapidly evolving and subject to change with minimal notice. Regulatory changes may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to cease operations entirely. The cannabis industry may come under the scrutiny or further scrutiny by the FDA, SEC, DOJ, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or other applicable federal, state or non-governmental regulatory authorities or self- regulatory organizations that supervise or regulate the production, distribution, sale or use of cannabis for medical or non-medical purposes in the U.S. It is
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impossible to determine the extent of the impact of any new laws, regulations or initiatives that may be proposed, or whether any proposals will become law. The regulatory uncertainty surrounding our industry may adversely affect our business and operations, including without limitation, the costs to remain compliant with applicable laws and the impairment of our ability to raise additional capital, create a public trading market in the U.S. for our securities or to find a suitable acquirer, which could reduce, delay or eliminate any return on investment.
State regulatory agencies may require us to post bonds or significant fees, which may be economically prohibitive.
There is a risk that a greater number of state regulatory agencies will begin requiring entities engaged in certain aspects of the cannabis business or industry of legal marijuana to post a bond or significant fees when applying, for example, for a dispensary license or renewal as a guarantee of payment of sales and franchise tax. We are not able to quantify at this time the potential scope for such bonds or fees in the states in which we currently or may in the future operate. Any bonds or fees of material amounts could have a negative impact on the ultimate success of our business.
We may incur significant tax liabilities due to limitations on tax deductions and credits under the applicable sections of the Internal Revenue Code.
Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “IRC”), prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA). Section 280E drastically increases federal taxes for cannabis businesses operating under state-sanctioned regulatory programs because they are generally not permitted to deduct their operating expenses and are barred from taking standard deductions available to most other businesses. As a result, an otherwise profitable business may in fact operate at a loss after taking into account its income tax expenses. The IRS has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly, and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permitted to be deducted. We will be precluded from claiming certain deductions otherwise available to non-marijuana businesses and may incur significant tax liabilities due to the application of Section 280E of the IRC. While there are currently several pending cases before various administrative and federal courts challenging these restrictions, there is no guarantee that these courts will issue an interpretation of Section 280E favorable to cannabis businesses. Consequently, there is no certainty that we will not be subject to Section 280E in the future, and accordingly, there is no certainty that the impact that Section 280E has on our margins will ever be reduced.
We, as a Canadian corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, generally would be classified as a non-U.S. Corporation under general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. Section 7874 of the IRC, however, contains rules that can cause a non-U.S. Corporation to be taxed as a U.S. corporation (“U.S. Corporation”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under section 7874 of the IRC, a corporation created or organized outside the U.S. (i.e., a non-U.S. Corporation) will nevertheless be treated as a U.S. Corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (such treatment is referred to as an “Inversion”) if each of the following three conditions are met: (i) the non-U.S. Corporation acquires, directly or indirectly, or is treated as acquiring under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations, substantially all of the assets held, directly or indirectly, by a U.S. Corporation, (ii) after the acquisition, the former shareholders of the acquired U.S. Corporation hold at least 80% (by vote or value) of the shares of the non-U.S. Corporation by reason of holding shares of the acquired U.S. Corporation (taking into account the receipt of the non-U.S. Corporation’s shares in exchange for the U.S. Corporation’s shares), and (iii) after the acquisition, the non-U.S. Corporation’s expanded affiliated group does not have substantial business activities in the non-U.S. Corporation’s country of organization or incorporation when compared to the expanded affiliated group’s total business activities. For this purpose, “expanded affiliated group” means a group of corporations where (i) the non-U.S. corporation owns stock representing more than 50% of the vote and value of at least one member of the expanded affiliated group, and (ii) stock representing more than 50% of the vote and value of each member is owned by other members of the group. The definition of an “expanded affiliated group” includes partnerships where one or more members of the expanded affiliated group own more than 50% (by vote and value) of the interests of the partnership. We intend to be treated as a U.S. Corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes under section 7874 of the IRC and expect to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our worldwide income. However, for Canadian tax purposes, we are expected, regardless of any application of section 7874 of the IRC, to be treated as a Canadian resident company (as defined in the Income Tax Act) for Canadian income tax purposes. As a result, we will be subject to taxation both in Canada and the U.S., which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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We may not be able to accurately forecast our operating results and plan our operations due to uncertainties in the cannabis industry.
We have a limited operating history and a history of net losses that make it difficult to make accurate predictions and forecasts about our business, operations and financial conditions. This difficulty is only compounded by the fact that the cannabis industry is continuously evolving. As a result of recent and ongoing regulatory and policy changes in the medical and adult-use marijuana industry, the market data available is limited and unreliable. Federal and state laws prevent widespread participation and hinder market research. Therefore, we must rely largely on our own market research to forecast sales as detailed forecasts are not generally obtainable from other sources. Market research and our projections of estimated total retail sales, demographics, demand, and similar consumer research are based on assumptions from limited and unreliable market data, and generally represent the personal opinions of our management team. A failure in the demand for our products to materialize as a result of competition, technological change or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would materially adversely affect our prospects and the rights of our lenders and securityholders.
Because the use of cannabis is illegal under federal law, many courts have denied cannabis businesses bankruptcy protections, thus making it very difficult for lenders to recoup their investments in the cannabis industry in the event of a bankruptcy. If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would have a material adverse effect on us, our lenders and other stakeholders.
Additionally, there is no guarantee that we will be able to effectively enforce any interests that we may have in our other subsidiaries and investments. A bankruptcy or other similar event related to an entity in which we hold an interest that precludes such entity from performing its obligations under an agreement may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, should an entity in which we hold an interest have insufficient assets to pay its liabilities, it is possible that other liabilities will be satisfied prior to the liabilities or equity owed to us. In addition, bankruptcy or other similar proceedings are often a complex and lengthy process, the outcome of which may be uncertain and could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Public opinion and perception may significantly influence government policy and regulation of the cannabis industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and prospects.
Changes in public opinion or perception may also result in a significant influence over the regulation of the cannabis industry in the U.S., Canada or elsewhere. Public opinion and support for medical and adult- use marijuana has traditionally been inconsistent and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
While public opinion and support appears to be rising for legalizing medical and adult-use marijuana, it remains a controversial issue subject to differing opinions surrounding the level of legalization (for example, legalization of medical-use marijuana as opposed to adult-use marijuana). Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of marijuana in general, or associating the consumption of adult-use and medical marijuana with illness or other negative effects or events, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. There is no assurance that such adverse publicity reports or other media attention will not arise. A negative shift in the public’s perception of cannabis, including vaping or other forms of cannabis administration, in the U.S., Canada or any other applicable jurisdiction could affect future legislation or regulation. Among other things, such a shift could cause state jurisdictions to abandon initiatives or proposals to legalize medical and/or adult-use cannabis, thereby limiting the number of new state jurisdictions into which we could expand. Also, the perception of negative health effects from the use of vaporizers to consume cannabis could result in state and local prohibitions on the sale of vaping products for an indefinite period of time. Any inability to fully implement our expansion strategy may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. Among other things, such a shift could also cause states that have already legalized medical and/or adult-use cannabis to reevaluate the extent of, and introduce new
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restrictions on, the permitted activities and permitted cannabis products within their jurisdictions, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. Medical alerts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health agencies on vaping related illness and other issues directly related to cannabis consumption could potentially create an inability to fully implement our expansion strategy or could restrict the products which we sell at our existing operations, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects.
We face risks due to industry immaturity or limited comparable, competitive or established industry best practices.
No single established operator in the medical and adult-use cannabis industries has yet achieved sustained success with a business model we can follow or build upon. Similarly, there is limited information about comparable companies available for potential investors to review in making a decision about whether to invest in us.
Shareholders and investors should consider, among other factors, our prospects for success in light of the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies that, like us, are in their early stages. For example, unanticipated expenses and problems or technical difficulties may occur, which may result in material delays in the operation of our business. We may fail to successfully address these risks and uncertainties or successfully implement our operating strategies. If we fail to do so, it could materially harm our business to the point of having to cease operations and could influence investors’ abilities to recover their investments.
We may face opposition from other industries, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
The cannabis industry (both adult-use and medical, together or individually) could face a material threat from other industries. For instance, should cannabis displace other drugs or health products, or otherwise encroach upon the pharmaceutical industry’s products, the pharmaceutical industry may utilize its well-funded, strong and experienced lobby to eclipse the funding of the movement in support of the adult-use and medical cannabis industries. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry may attempt to dominate the marijuana industry through the development and distribution of synthetic products which emulate the effects and treatment of organic marijuana. Similarly, other industries such as alcoholic beverage purveyors may attempt to influence or co-opt the adult-use and medical cannabis industry. If they are successful, the widespread popularity of such synthetic products could change the demand, volume and profitability of the marijuana industry. This could adversely affect our ability to secure long-term profitability and success through the sustainable and profitable operation of our business. There may be unknown additional regulatory fees and taxes that may be assessed in the future. Any inroads other industries could make in halting or impeding the cannabis industry could have an adverse impact on our business.
We face intense competition from other companies and increasing legalization of cannabis and rapid growth and consolidation in the cannabis industry may further intensify competition.
The cannabis industry is undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, and the legal landscape for medical and recreational cannabis is rapidly changing internationally. An increasing number of jurisdictions globally are passing legislation allowing for the production and distribution of medical and/or recreational cannabis in some form or another. Entry into the cannabis market by international competitors might lower the demand for our products.
The foregoing legalization and growth trends in the cannabis industry have resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Such acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm us in a number of ways, including by losing strategic partners if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, losing customers, revenue and market share or forcing us to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm our operating results. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in the cannabis industry may intensify and place downward pressure on retail prices for products and services, which could negatively impact profitability.
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We face and expect to continue to face intense competition from other companies, some of which can be expected to have longer operating histories, stronger brand recognition, and significantly greater financial resources, manufacturing and marketing experience than we have. This may enable them to adapt to changing market conditions and take advantage of new market opportunities more quickly than we are able to. Increased competition is likely to result in price compression, reduced gross margins and loss of market share. In addition, consolidation in the cannabis industry may create larger companies with financial resources, manufacturing and marketing capabilities and product offerings that are greater than ours. As a result of this competition, we may be unable to maintain our operations or develop them as currently proposed on terms that are considered acceptable. Increased competition by larger, better-financed competitors with geographic advantages could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operations.
We may face risks associated with competitive illicit enterprises dealing in cannabis.
Our operations may be a source of competition with current criminal enterprises dealing in cannabis, including drug cartels. As a result, our operations may be an ongoing target of attacks specifically designed to impede the continuation of our operations or the success of our products, and it may be exposed to various levels of criminal interference and other risks and uncertainties including terrorism, violence, hostage taking and other drug gang activities. The nature of our operations may also make us subject to greater risks of theft and greater risks as to property security. These conditions could lead to lower productivity and higher costs, which would adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow.
We face competition from illegal market operators that are unlicensed and unregulated, and that are selling cannabis and cannabis products, including products with higher concentrations of active ingredients, using flavors or other additives or engaging in advertising and promotion activities that we are not permitted to. As these illegal market participants do not comply with the regulations governing the cannabis industry, their operations may also have significantly lower costs and they may be able to sell products with significantly higher cannabinoid potencies or which include ingredients that are prohibited by law. The perpetuation of the illegal market for cannabis may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the public perception of cannabis use.
There remains doubt and uncertainty that we will be able to legally enforce contracts we enter into.
There remains doubt and uncertainty that the Company will be able to legally enforce contracts it enters into. It is a fundamental principle of law that a contract will not be enforced if it involves a violation of law or public policy. Due to the nature of our business and the fact that our contracts involve cannabis and other activities that are not legal under U.S. federal law and in some jurisdictions, we may face difficulties in enforcing our contracts in federal and certain state courts. For instance, there have been a number of occasions in which state courts have refused to enforce contracts for the repayment of money when the loan was used in connection with activities that violate U.S. federal law, even if there is no violation of state law. The inability to enforce any of our contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects.
The Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment may not be renewed, potentially resulting in DOJ enforcement activities against entities in the cannabis industry.
An appropriations rider contained in various federal appropriations and spending bills since 2014 (formerly known as the “Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment”); now known as the Joyce Amendment (the “Joyce Amendment”) provides budgetary constraints on the federal government’s ability to interfere with the implementation of state-based medical cannabis laws. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and other courts have interpreted the language to mean that the DOJ cannot prosecute medical cannabis operators complying strictly with state medical cannabis laws. The Joyce Amendment does not protect state adult-use businesses, and the DOJ maintains that it can still prosecute violations of the federal cannabis ban and continue cases already in the courts. If the Joyce Amendment expires and is not renewed, federal prosecutors could prosecute even compliant medical cannabis operators for conduct within the five-year statute of limitations. On March 15, 2025, the Joyce Amendment was most recently renewed through September 30, 2025 via a “continuing resolution” that funds the federal government through the end of the government’s fiscal year. While the Joyce Amendment only applies to jurisdictions authorizing medical cannabis-related activities, supportive legislators continue their efforts to amend future appropriations bills to extend the prohibition on the use of federal enforcement funds against the implementation of state cannabis programs regulating cannabis for either medical or adult-use purposes.
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Pursuant to the Joyce Amendment, through September 30, 2025, the DOJ is prohibited from expending any funds to prevent states from implementing their own medical cannabis laws.
Although unlikely, there is a possibility that procedural rules in the House of Representatives and the Senate may ban all amendments from federal omnibus spending bills, and if this occurs and the substantive provisions of the Joyce Amendment are not included in the base federal omnibus spending bill or other law, these protections would lapse. If the Joyce Amendment or an equivalent thereof is not successfully included in the next or any subsequent federal omnibus spending bill, the protection which has been afforded thereby to U.S. medical cannabis businesses in the past would lapse, and such businesses would be subject to a higher risk of prosecution under federal law.
We could be materially adversely impacted due to restrictions under U.S. border entry laws.
In the past, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (the “U.S. CBP”) was given the discretion to question Canadians entering the U.S. about their marijuana use and determine whether to use their response as a barrier to entry. The U.S. CBP has previously focused on the whole cannabis industry, including investors. Several highly publicized instances of U.S. CBP detaining and even banning Canadian investors from the U.S. have occurred. The restriction of travel to the U.S. of individuals affiliated with us, as well as our investors, would materially impair our ability to conduct business and could materially impact our results of operations.
Uncertainty in regulatory changes in relation to vaporization devices could result in an impact to our interstate commerce, registration and revenue reporting requirements, and potential excise tax liability.
On December 27, 2020, the U.S. government passed the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act. Part of this legislation modified the existing language of the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act (“PACT Act”) and expanded the definition of “cigarette” to include “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” The newly added term “electronic nicotine delivery system” (“ENDS”), defined as a device intended to “deliver nicotine, flavor, or any other substance to the user inhaling from a device,” has extended the requirements of tobacco and tobacco products to electronic vaping devices that contain neither nicotine nor tobacco.
Under the amended PACT Act, ENDS are subject to the same federal and state registration mandates, monthly reporting requirements, and delivery restrictions as traditional cigarettes, including the prohibition on the use of the U.S. Postal Service (“USPS”) to deliver products directly to consumers.
The USPS has historically maintained an exception to this ban for tobacco products “mailed only … for business purposes between legally operating businesses that have all applicable State and Federal Government licenses or permits and are engaged in tobacco product manufacturing, distribution, wholesale, export, import, testing, investigation, or research …” (the “B2B Exception”) See 18 U.S.C. § 1716E(b)(3)(A)(i). In a proposed rule published on February 19, 2021, the USPS stated its intention to maintain this “business purposes exception” for ENDS. In advance of the final rule, on April 19, 2021, the USPS published guidance detailing the information required in an application for exception from the non-mailability provisions of the PACT Act for ENDS products. On October 21, 2021, the USPS released its Final Rule confirming the applicability of the B2B Exception for the mailing of ENDS between eligible businesses.
The effect of this change to the PACT Act could prevent the USPS from handling any package that contains ENDS shipped directly to a consumer. This could lead to a loss of carrier coverage and impact our inventory, the execution of our in-house brands and our overall revenue. While we retain both business to business and business to consumer relationships in this industry, it is undetermined what impact, if any, we will experience as individual states and merchants implement the registration, reporting, and shipping restrictions to comply with the PACT Act. Furthermore, although we continue to determine state-level applicability of the PACT Act, the jurisdictions in which we may be subject to excise tax in remain undetermined at this time.
We may be required to disclose personal information of investors to government or regulatory entities or face the possibility of a license being revoked or cancelled.
We may own, manage or provide services to various U.S. state-licensed cannabis operations. Acquiring even a minimal and/or indirect interest in a U.S. state-licensed cannabis business can trigger requirements to disclose investors’
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personal information. While these requirements vary by jurisdiction, some require interest holders to apply for regulatory approval and to provide tax returns, compensation agreements, fingerprints for background checks, criminal history records and other documents and information. Some states require disclosures of directors, officers and holders of more than a certain percentage of equity of the applicant. While certain states include exceptions for investments in publicly traded entities, not all states do so, and some such exceptions are confined to companies traded on a U.S. securities exchange. If these regulations were to extend to us, investors would be required to comply with such regulations, or we could face the possibility that the relevant cannabis license could be revoked or cancelled by the applicable state licensing authority.
We are subject to changes in laws, regulations and guidelines which could adversely affect our future business, financial condition and operations.
Our operations will be subject to various state and federal laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacturing, managing, packaging/labeling, advertising, selling, transporting, storing and disposing of cannabis, including laws and regulations relating to controlled substances, health and safety, the conduct of business operations and the protection of the environment. Achievement of our business objectives will be contingent, in part, upon compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and obtaining all requisite regulatory approvals. Changes to such laws, regulations and guidelines due to matters beyond our control may cause adverse effects to us.
We endeavor to comply with all relevant laws, regulations and guidelines. However, changes to such laws, regulations and guidelines due to matters beyond our control may cause adverse effects to our operations and there is no assurance that we will be able to comply or continue to comply with applicable regulations. To the best of our knowledge, we are in compliance or in the process of being assessed for compliance with all such state laws, regulations and guidelines as described elsewhere in this report.
Any failure on our part to comply with applicable regulations could prevent us from being able to carry on our business.
Our business activities in all jurisdictions in which we operate are heavily regulated. Laws and regulations, applied generally, grant government agencies and self-regulatory bodies broad administrative discretion over our business activities, including the power to limit or restrict business activities as well as impose additional requirements on our products and services. Our activities are routinely assessed for compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Any failure by us to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in us becoming involved in a number of government or agency proceedings, investigations and audits. The outcome of any regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations, audits and other contingencies could harm our reputation, require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions that could harm our operations or require us to pay substantial amounts of money, harming our financial condition. There can be no assurance that any pending or future regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and audits will not result in substantial costs or a diversion of management’s attention and resources or have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results or operations or prospects.
Adverse legal, regulatory or political changes could have a material adverse effect on our current and planned operations.
Achievement of our business objectives is contingent, in part, upon complying with other regulatory requirements enacted by governmental authorities and obtaining other required regulatory approvals. We will incur ongoing costs and obligations related to regulatory compliance. The regulatory regime which oversees cannabis is undergoing significant proposed changes and we cannot predict the impact of those changes on our business. Similarly, we cannot predict a timeline for securing the appropriate regulatory approvals and licenses for our products, or the extent of testing and documentation that may be required by government authorities. Any delays or failures in obtaining required regulatory approvals may significantly delay or impact the development of markets, products and sales initiatives and could have a material adverse effect on our business operations and finances. Failure to adapt and comply with regulations may result in additional costs for us through corrective measures, penalties and increased restrictions on our operations. In addition, changes to regulations, heightened enforcement thereof and other unanticipated events could have a material adverse effect on our operations and finances by requiring extensive changes to our operations, increasing compliance costs, generating material liabilities and affecting other aspects of our business that are currently unknown.
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A drop in the wholesale or retail price of cannabis products in the geographic areas in which we operate would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The price and demand for the Company’s products is determined on a state-by-state basis and depends in part on the price and supply of cannabis and other raw materials in the particular state. Fluctuations in economic and market conditions and changes in regulations that impact the prices and supply of commercially grown cannabis, related raw materials or other product inputs, such as increases in the supply of cannabis and the decrease in the price of products using particular cannabis formats, could cause increased competition and restrictions on selling products, resulting in the Company’s revenues and profitability declining, which would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The future growth of the Company depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of its advertising and promotional expenditures to attract and retain customers.
The Company’s future growth and profitability will depend on the effectiveness and efficiency of advertising and promotional expenditures, including its ability to: (i) create greater awareness of its products; (ii) determine the appropriate creative message and media mix for future advertising expenditures; and (iii) effectively manage advertising and promotional costs in order to maintain acceptable operating margins. There can be no assurance that advertising and promotional expenditures will result in revenues in the future or will generate awareness of the Company’s technologies, products or services. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to manage its advertising and promotional expenditures on a cost-effective basis.
The Company depends on the popularity and acceptance of its brand portfolio.
Management believes that maintaining and promoting the Company’s brands is critical to expanding its customer base. Maintaining and promoting the Company’s brands will depend largely on its ability to continue to provide quality, reliable and innovative products, which it may not do successfully. The Company may introduce new products that customers do not like, which may negatively affect the brands and reputation. Maintaining and enhancing the Company’s brands may require it to make substantial investments, and these investments may not achieve the desired goals. If the Company fails to successfully promote and maintain its brands or if there are excessive expenses in this effort, its business and financial results from operations could be materially adversely affected.
We may be subject to constraints on and differences in marketing our products under varying state laws.
There may be restrictions on sales and marketing activities imposed by government regulatory bodies that could hinder the development of our business and operating results. Restrictions may include regulations that specify what, where and to whom product information and descriptions may appear and/or be advertised. Marketing, advertising, packaging and labeling regulations also vary from state to state, potentially limiting the consistency and scale of our consumer branding communications and product education efforts. The regulatory environment in the U.S. limits our ability to compete for market share in a manner similar to other industries. For example, the FDA regulates our products to ensure that the products are not adulterated or misbranded. We are subject to regulation by various other agencies as a result of the manufacture and sale of marijuana.
Expansion of our business into new markets with different rules and regulations or distant from then-existing operations, may not succeed. Any such expansion may expose us to new operational, regulatory and/or legal risks. In addition, expanding into new localities may subject us to unfamiliar or uncertain local rules and regulations that may adversely affect our operations. For example, different localities may impose different rules on how cannabis may be cultivated, manufactured, processed, distributed and/or transported. Newly entered localities may also have competitive conditions, consumer preferences and spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than the existing markets. If we are unable to effectively market our products and compete for market share, or if the costs of compliance with government legislation and regulation cannot be absorbed through increased selling prices for our products, our sales and operating results could be adversely affected.
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Future research may lead to findings that vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products are not safe for their intended use.
Vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products were recently developed and therefore the scientific or medical communities have had a limited period of time to study the long-term health effects of their use. Currently, there is limited scientific or medical data on the safety of such products for their intended use and the medical community is still studying the health effects of the use of such products, including the long-term health effects. If the scientific or medical community were to determine conclusively that use of any or all of these products pose long-term health risks, market demand for these products and their use could materially decline. Such a determination could also lead to litigation, reputational harm and significant regulation. Loss of demand for our product, product liability claims and increased regulation stemming from unfavorable scientific studies on cannabis vaporizer products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Business and Operations
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and holders of our common shares could suffer a total loss of their investment. If we are unable to achieve our financial projections, we may need to raise additional capital to continue our operations. Such capital may not be available to us or may not be available at terms we deem acceptable, either of which could reduce our ability to compete and could negatively affect our business.
Management has concluded, and the report of our auditors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect, that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after the date of this filing. The reaction of investors to the inclusion of a going concern statement by management and our auditors and our potential inability to continue as a going concern may materially adversely affect the price of our common shares and our ability to raise new capital or enter into partnerships. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on our financial statements, and it is likely that investors will lose all or part of their investment. Further, the perception that we may be unable to continue as a going concern may impede our ability to pursue strategic opportunities or operate our business due to concerns regarding our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations. In addition, if there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
During the second quarter of 2023, a primary supplier significantly changed the payment terms of the Company’s trade payable. This was an unexpected event impacting short-term liquidity, therefore, the Company secured additional financing through the 2023 Bridge Notes to satisfy the transition of the new payment terms and provide working capital for the business. However, the issuance of the 2023 Bridge Notes caused the Company to obtain a waiver of financial covenant defaults expected to occur on the 2023 Refinanced Notes. As a result of the waiver, the Company had to pay default interest rates on its 2023 Refinanced Notes and 2023 New Notes, which resulted in an increase from 16.5% as of March 31, 2023 to 25.0% as of June 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the Company continued to apply the default rate of 25.0% and 24.0% to accrue interest on the 2023 Refinanced Notes and 2023 New Notes, respectively, due to continued noncompliance with financial covenants. See Note 11 — Notes Payable for additional information. The interest payments required under these rates will constrain the Company’s liquidity while these rates remain in effect. While, as of the date of this filing, the Company is not in compliance with certain payment obligations and covenants under the 2023 Notes, the Note Holders have not provided the requisite notice of an event of default under these notes. We are currently negotiating a waiver and forbearance agreement with the Note Holders to address such non-compliance. The Company can provide no assurance that the parties will reach a mutually agreeable resolution.
If we are unable to obtain relief from our debt obligations, achieve our projections, and/or unable to obtain additional sources of liquidity, management anticipates that our existing cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flows from operations will not be sufficient to meet our operating and liquidity needs for any meaningful period of time following the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We will likely need to engage in equity or debt financing or sell assets to secure additional funds. If we raise additional equity financing, shareholders will experience significant dilution of their ownership interests to the extent we issue a significant number of common shares, and we may experience a decline in the
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market price of the common shares. Our current debt requires us to pay the proceeds of any equity financing to our debtholders. Our current debt also contains restrictions on our future debt financing, but if we engage in future debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of common shares, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our operations or our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders. In addition, adverse macroeconomic developments, including without limitation inflation, slowing economic growth, rising interest rates or a potential economic recession, may reduce our ability to access such capital and our ability to meet and exceed forecast. Any of the above could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our forecast or to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on favorable terms, or at all. If we are unable to meet or exceed our forecast or raise adequate additional capital when required or in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly reduce expenses, sell assets (potentially at a loss), cease operations altogether, pursue an acquisition of our company at a price that may result in up to a total loss on investment for our shareholders, file for bankruptcy or seek other protection from creditors, or liquidate all of our assets.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment. Such occurrences could result in damage to assets, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in operations, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Although we maintain insurance to protect against certain risks in such amounts as we consider to be reasonable, our insurance does not cover all the potential risks associated with our operations. We may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards encountered in our operations is not generally available on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which may not be insured against or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Our business is dependent on skilled labor, equipment, parts, components and key inputs and any interruption or disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to compete and grow will be dependent on our access, at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, to skilled labor, equipment, parts and components. No assurances can be given that we will be successful in obtaining or maintaining our required supply of skilled labor, equipment, parts and components at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, or at all. Our business is also dependent on several key inputs related to our growing operations as a vertically integrated U.S. based consumer packaged goods and pharmaceutical manufacturer in the cannabis industry including raw materials, supplies, and electricity. Any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact our business, financial condition and operations. Any inability to secure required supplies and services or to do so on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our reliance on third-party suppliers and loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
We are reliant on third-party suppliers to develop and manufacture our products. For example, we source our Inventory from one primary supplier. We have granted a security interest in all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries to this primary supplier to secure our payment obligations. There is no guarantee that we continue to fulfill such obligations and our primary supplier may elect to cease supply of its products to us and may foreclose on our pledged assets. If this primary supplier or any other suppliers that we rely on failed to fulfill their obligations or were to terminate or otherwise materially amend their existing relationship with us, or if their operations were disrupted for any reason, then we may experience a significant interruption or negative change in the availability of key materials necessary for our business. In
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such event, there is no guarantee that we would find an alternative supplier on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we fail to receive a sufficient supply of necessary materials and we are unable to satisfy customer demand for our products then there could be a material adverse effect on our revenue, operating results and operating cash flows.
Additionally, due to the uncertain regulatory landscape for regulating cannabis in the U.S., our third-party suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may elect, at any time, to decline or withdraw services necessary for our operations, and we might be unable to find a replacement for such services in a timely manner, or at all. Loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
Our actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from the expectations of our management.
Our financial position and operations may differ materially from management’s expectations. The process for estimating our revenue, net income and cash flow requires subjective judgment in determining the appropriate assumptions and estimates. These estimates and assumptions may be revised as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. However, these assumptions may not prove to be accurate and other factors may affect our financial condition and operations.
We have incurred substantial indebtedness that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and we may not be able to refinance, extend or repay this indebtedness on a timely basis or at all.
We have significant existing indebtedness. As of December 31, 2024, we had total indebtedness of $72,087. Our indebtedness could have important consequences and significant effects on our business.
For example, it could:
increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;
require us to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to making payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;
restrict us from exploiting business opportunities;
place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and
limit our ability to borrow additional funds or obtain additional financing in the future.
We could also incur additional debt in the future. The terms of our secured promissory notes do not prohibit us from incurring certain permitted indebtedness. To the extent we incur additional debt, we would become even more susceptible to the leverage-related risks described above.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit management’s discretion in the operation of our business and any default under our debt agreements could have a material adverse impact on our business and operations .
On February 15, 2023, we issued the 2023 Notes, which mature on February 15, 2027. On May 15, 2023, we issued the 2023 Bridge Notes. On January 28, 2024, we entered into a Debt and Security Agreement with Shenzhen Smoore Technology Limited (the “Debt and Security Agreement”).
The 2023 Notes and the Debt and Security Agreement contain various restrictive covenants customary for arrangements of these types that restrict our ability to, among other things:
incur additional debt;
pay dividends and make other distributions;
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make investments and other restricted payments;
make acquisitions;
merge, consolidate or transfer all or substantially all of our assets;
enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
create liens; and
enter into transactions with affiliates.
The issuance of the 2023 Bridge Notes caused us to have to obtain a waiver from our note holders of the financial covenant defaults expected to occur on the 2023 Notes. As a result of the waiver, we had to pay default interest rates on the 2023 Notes, which resulted in an increase from 16.5% to 25.0%. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid off the 2023 Bridge Notes before the maturity date, retiring the notes with no further obligations. On October 2, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries JJ LP, Baker, CAC, and Jupiter entered into the October Forbearance Agreement, which reduced the interest rate on the 2023 Refinanced Notes to 17.0% as of September 30, 2023. Despite the Company’s ability to secure a lower interest rate on the 2023 Refinanced Notes, the 17.0% interest rate is considered high and the 2023 New Notes remained at the default interest rate of 25.0% as of December 31, 2023. S ee Note 11 — Notes Payable for additional information. The interest payments required under these rates will constrain the Company’s liquidity while these rates remain in effect. If we have to obtain a waiver of the restrictions or financial covenants in present or future financing agreements, we may be subject to increased default interest rates or have to agree to unfavorable terms which could have a material adverse impact on our business.
The 2023 Notes may be accelerated and all remedies may be exercised by the Note Holders in case of an event of default is declared under these notes, which includes events that customarily constitute an event of default for debt securities of this type as well as upon a change of control. A default could allow creditors to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. A default could also allow creditors to foreclose on any collateral securing such debt. While, as of the date of this filing, the Company is not in compliance with certain payment obligations and covenants under the 2023 Notes, the Note Holders have not provided the requisite notice of an event of default under these notes. We are currently negotiating a waiver and forbearance agreement with the Note Holders to address such non-compliance. The Company can provide no assurance that the parties will reach a mutually agreeable resolution.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and repayment requirements and if our lenders exercise their rights in the event of a default it would have material adverse effect on our business, capital, financial condition and prospects and we would likely be forced to seek bankruptcy protection.
The 2023 Notes are subject to prepayment obligations and our ability to service our debt depends on our ability to generate the necessary cash flow. Generation of the necessary cash flow is partially subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate cash flow from operations to service or to repay these debt obligations at maturity and are otherwise unable to extend the maturity dates or refinance these obligations or obtain waivers from our debt holders, we would be in default. We cannot provide any assurances that we will have the sufficient capital or be able to raise the necessary amount of capital to repay these obligations, that we will be successful in obtaining waivers for any defaults under these obligations on favorable terms or at all, that any obligations that are convertible will be converted into equity or that we will be able to extend the maturity dates or otherwise refinance these obligations. Upon a default, the lenders under such debt would have the right to exercise their rights and remedies to collect, which would include the ability to foreclose on our assets. Accordingly, if our lenders exercise their rights or remedies in the event of a default by us, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, capital, financial condition and prospects and we would likely be forced to seek bankruptcy protection.
Mark Scatterday has significant influence over the Company and may have interests that conflict with those of our other shareholders.
Based on a Schedule 13G/A filing made with the SEC on February 27, 2023, as of that date, Mark Scatterday, who was the CEO of the Company from May 2019 to May 2021 and a director from April 2019 until February 2023, beneficially owned 18.5% of our outstanding common shares, after taking into account his ownership of securities that would convert
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into, or are exercisable for, our common shares within 60 days of such date. As a result of his beneficial ownership of our common shares and assuming conversion and exercise of his convertible securities, he has sufficient voting power to significantly influence all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of voting power may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent shareholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other shareholders oppose them. The interests of Mr. Scatterday may conflict with the interests of other shareholders. Mr. Scatterday’s significant beneficial ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our common shares due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
In addition, Mr. Scatterday, through an affiliated entity, is our largest secured creditor as the holder of approximately $22,899 in the aggregate principal amount of the total principal amount of $46,260 of our outstanding secured promissory notes as of December 31, 2024. As such, Mr. Scatterday has significant influence over our management and policies and may be in a position to determine whether to permit transactions, waive defaults or accelerate our indebtedness. Additionally, Mr. Scatterday, together with the other note holders, has the right to designate two nominees on our board of directors. As a result, the presence of directors nominated by these holders enables them to influence and impact future actions taken by our board of directors.
Our shareholders may experience significant dilution as a result of the issuances of common shares upon exercise of our outstanding warrants or the trigger of the anti-dilution rights under the warrants, and the market price of our common shares could be adversely affected.
As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 91,999,901 common shares. Any future exercises of these warrants will be dilutive to our existing shareholders. The triggering of the anti-dilution rights in the warrants may also result in such securities being exercisable for a significant number of additional common shares and/or exercisable for a reduced exercise price. As a result, the number of shares issuable could prove to be significantly greater than they are currently and could result in substantial dilution to our other shareholders. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public or private market, a perception in the market that such sales could occur, or the issuance of shares as a result of exercise of the warrants or increase in the issuable securities under the warrants, could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations.
We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in growth and regulatory compliance, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and cash flow. In addition, changes in regulations, heightened enforcement thereof or other unanticipated events could require extensive changes to our operations, increase compliance costs or generate material liabilities. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Our efforts to grow may prove to be more costly than expected, and we may not be able to increase our revenue sufficiently to offset higher operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including other risks described herein, unforeseen expenses, compliance or operating difficulties, complications and delays, and other events presently unknown to us.
There is no assurance that we will be able to develop our products, which could prevent us from ever becoming profitable.
If we cannot successfully develop, manufacture and distribute our products, or if we experience difficulties in the development process, such as capacity constraints, quality control problems or other disruptions, we may not be able to develop market ready commercial products at acceptable costs, which would adversely affect our ability to effectively enter the market. A failure by us to achieve a low cost structure through economies of scale or improvements in cultivation and manufacturing processes would have a material adverse effect on our commercialization plans and our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
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There is no assurance that our cash flows and debt or other financing will be sufficient to fund our operations.
There is no assurance that our cash flows, and debt or other financing will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had total current liabilities of $87,455 and $76,072, respectively, and cash and cash equivalents of $3,003 and $2,034, respectively, to meet its current obligations. The Company’s ability to fund operating expenses and capital expenditures will depend on its future operating performance and there are no assurances that the Company will be able to access its available debt financing or access additional debt or other financing. If the Company is unable to achieve targeted operating performance or is unable to access existing debt financing or raise additional capital or debt financing on favorable terms, if at all, the Company may be forced to decelerate or curtail certain of our operations until such time as additional debt or capital financing becomes available. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional discussion regarding its liquidity position.
We are a holding company and are dependent on the earnings and distributions by our subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and all of our assets are the capital stock of our subsidiaries in each of the markets that we operate in and/or hold or recently held licenses in the adult-use and/or medicinal cannabis marketplace in Massachusetts, Ohio and Pennsylvania; and have no material assets other than: (i) cash on hand; and (ii) ownership of our subsidiaries and minority interests in certain operating companies. As a result, our investors are subject to the risks attributable to our subsidiaries. As a holding company, we conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries, which generate substantially all of our revenues. Consequently, our cash flows and ability to complete current or desirable future enhancement opportunities are dependent on the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings to us. To the extent that we require funds, and our subsidiaries and such other entities are restricted from making such distributions by applicable law, regulation or contract, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, as well as our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of our material subsidiaries, holders of indebtedness and trade creditors may be entitled to payment of their claims from the assets of those subsidiaries before us. We have no earnings or dividend record and the ability of these entities to pay dividends and other distributions will depend on their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and regulations which require that solvency and capital standards be maintained by such companies and contractual restrictions contained in the instruments governing their debt. Any dividends paid by us would be subject to tax and potentially withholdings. We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not intend to pay dividends and any future dividends will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not currently intend to do so in the foreseeable future. The payment and amount of any future dividends will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations, cash flow, financial condition and variable and capital requirements. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid and if dividends are paid, there is no assurance as to the amount of any such dividends.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity.
We and our affiliates will be exposed to the risk that any of our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities that violate, (i) government regulations, (ii) manufacturing standards, (iii) federal and provincial healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations, or (iv) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. It may not always be possible for us to identify and deter misconduct by our and our affiliates’ employees and other third parties and the precautions taken by us to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will protect us from acts committed by our or our affiliates’ employees, agents or business partners in violation of U.S. federal or state or local laws. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending or asserting our rights, those
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actions could have a material impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have been or may become subject to litigation, including for possible product liability claims, which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results from operations and financial condition.
We may be named as a defendant in a lawsuit or regulatory action and may also incur uninsured losses for liabilities which arise in the ordinary course of business, or which are unforeseen, including, but not limited to, employment liability, business loss claims, and litigation, including class action lawsuits, such as those regarding the Telephone Consumer Protection Act or the Sherman antitrust act. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, sales, cash flow and financial condition.
Additionally, as a manufacturer, processor and distributor of products designed to be ingested by humans, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, regulatory action and litigation if our products are alleged to have caused significant loss or injury. In addition, the manufacture and sale of our products involves the risk of injury to consumers due to tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination. Previously unknown adverse reactions resulting from human consumption of our products alone or in combination with other medications or substances could occur. Although we have quality control procedures in place, we may be subject to various product liability claims, including, among others, that the products produced by us, or the products that will be purchased by us from third-party licensed producers, caused injury, illness or death, include inadequate instructions for use or include inadequate warnings concerning possible side effects or interactions with other substances. A product liability claim or regulatory action against us could result in increased costs, could adversely affect our reputation with our customers and consumers generally and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Such insurance is expensive and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our potential products.
Monitoring and defending against legal actions, whether or not meritorious, can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these actions may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could result in material liability or adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. Litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Litigation, complaints, and actions involving either us and/or our subsidiaries, regardless of the outcome, could consume considerable amounts of financial and other corporate resources, adversely impact our reputation and have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares and our future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions.
We are subject to environmental regulations that govern, among other things, the emissions of pollutants into the air, wastewater discharges, the generation, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, the investigation and remediation of soil and groundwater contamination and the health and safety of our employees. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect our operations.
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Government environmental approvals and permits are currently, and may in the future be, required in connection with our operations. To the extent such approvals are required and not obtained, we may be curtailed or prohibited from our proposed business activities or from proceeding with the development of our operations as currently proposed.
Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. We may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage due to our operations and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.
We may encounter unknown environmental risks.
There can be no assurance that we will not encounter hazardous conditions, such as asbestos or lead, at the sites of the real estate used to operate our businesses, which may delay the development of our businesses. Climate change or significant weather events may accelerate or exacerbate environmental conditions in ways that adversely affect the business due to potential negative effects on agricultural conditions, increased difficulty in construction projects to support our operations, and ownership or leasing of real property generally . Upon encountering a hazardous condition, work at our facilities may be suspended. If we receive notice of a hazardous condition, we may be required to correct the condition prior to continuing construction. If additional hazardous conditions were present, it would likely delay construction and may require significant expenditure of our resources to correct the conditions.
We are highly dependent on certain key personnel and if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, we may not be able to compete effectively in the cannabis market.
Our success has depended and continues to depend upon our ability to attract and retain key management, as well as technical experts and sales personnel. We will attempt to enhance our management and technical expertise by recruiting qualified individuals who possess desired skills and experience in targeted areas. Our inability to attract and retain employees or engineering and technical support resources could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, sales, cash flow or financial condition. Shortages in qualified personnel, increased personnel costs, or the loss of key personnel could adversely affect our financial condition, operations of the business and could limit our ability to develop and market our cannabis- related products. The loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees.
The market price of our securities has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.
The market price for our common shares has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following: (i) actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations; (ii) recommendations by securities research analysts; (iii) changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies in the industry in which we operate; (iv) addition or departure of our executive officers and other key personnel; (v) release or expiration of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on outstanding common shares; (vi) sales or perceived sales of additional common shares; (vii) significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving us or our competitors; (viii) fluctuations to the costs of vital production materials and services; (ix) changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, such as interest rates and pharmaceutical product price volatility; (x) operating and share price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us or from a lack of market comparable companies; (xi) news reports relating to trends, concerns, technological or competitive developments, regulatory changes and other related issues in our industry or target markets; and (xii) regulatory changes in the industry.
Financial markets have at times historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of equity securities of companies and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. Accordingly, the market price of our common shares may decline even if our operating results, underlying asset values or prospects have not changed. Additionally, these factors, as well as other related factors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which might result in impairment losses. There can be no assurance that continuing fluctuations in price and volume will
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not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, our operations could be adversely affected and the trading price of our common shares might be materially adversely affected.
Since our securities are currently quoted on the OTCQB, our shareholders may face significant restrictions on the re-sale of our securities due to state “blue sky” laws.
Each state has its own securities laws, often called “blue sky” laws, which (i) limit sales of securities to a state’s residents unless the securities are registered in that state or qualify for an exemption from registration, and (ii) govern the reporting requirements for broker-dealers doing business directly or indirectly in the state. Before a security is sold in a state, there must be a registration in place to cover the transaction, or the transaction must be exempt from registration. The applicable broker must also be registered in that state. We do not know whether our common shares will be exempt from registration under the laws of any state. Since our common shares are currently quoted on the OTCQB, a determination regarding registration will be made by those broker-dealers, if any, who agree to serve as the market-makers for the common shares. There may be significant state blue sky law restrictions on the ability of investors to sell, and on purchasers to buy, the common shares. Investors should therefore consider the resale market for our common shares to be limited.
The Company has a history of losses and may continue to incur losses in the future.
The Company has incurred both operating and net losses in each of its last six fiscal years, has incurred losses through the first part of the current fiscal year, and may continue to incur losses in the future as it continues to invest in its facilities, products, processes and services. This lack of profitability limits the resources available to the Company to fund its operations and to invest in new products and services and otherwise improve its business operations. The Company cannot assure you that it will be able to operate profitably or generate positive cash flows. If the Company cannot achieve profitability, it may be forced to cease operations and you may suffer a total loss of your investment.
Our probable lack of business diversification could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The prospects for our success will depend upon the future performance and market acceptance of our intended facilities, products, processes and services. Unlike certain entities that have the resources to develop and explore numerous product lines, operating in multiple industries or multiple areas of a single industry, we do not anticipate the ability to immediately diversify or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses.
Our industry is experiencing rapid growth and consolidation that may cause us to lose key relationships and intensify competition.
The cannabis industry is undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, which has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm us in several ways, including the loss of strategic partners if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, the loss of customers, revenue and market share, or us being forced to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm our operations. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in our industry may intensify and place downward pressure on prices for our products, which could negatively impact our profitability.
We may not be able to secure adequate or reliable sources of funding required to operate our business and meet consumer demand for our products.
There is no guarantee that we will be able to achieve our business objectives. Our continued development may require additional financing. The failure to raise such capital could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of our current business objectives. There can be no assurance that additional capital or other types of financing will be available or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable to us. In addition, from time to time, we may enter into transactions to acquire assets or shares of other companies. These transactions may be financed wholly or partially with debt, which may increase our debt levels above industry standards. Any debt financing secured in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it
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more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Debt financings may also contain provisions which, if breached, may entitle lenders or their agents to accelerate repayment of loans and/or realize security over our assets. There is no assurance that we would be able to repay such loans in such an event or prevent the enforcement of security granted pursuant to such debt financing.
Product recalls could result in a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Manufacturers and distributors of products are sometimes subject to the recall or return of their products for a variety of reasons, including product defects, such as contamination, unintended harmful side effects or interactions with other substances, packaging safety and inadequate or inaccurate labelling disclosure. Although we have detailed procedures in place for testing our products and make significant efforts to ensure that our service providers implement procedures of a similar nature, there can be no assurance that any quality, potency or contamination problems will be detected in time to avoid unforeseen product recalls, regulatory action or lawsuits. If any of our products are recalled due to an alleged product defect or for any other reason, we could be required to incur the unexpected expense of the recall and any legal proceedings that might arise thereto. We may lose a significant number of sales and may not be able to replace those sales at an acceptable margin or at all. In addition, a product recall may require significant management attention. Additionally, if one of our significant brands were subject to recall, the image of that brand and we could be harmed. Consumers may lose confidence in our products whether affected or not and our brand may be materially damaged. We may also be unable to meet customer demand and may lose customers who have to purchase alternative brands or products. A loss of sales volume from a contamination event may occur, and such a loss may affect our ability to supply our current customers and to recapture their business in the event they are forced to switch products or brands, even if on a temporary basis. Moreover, product recalls can lead to increased scrutiny of operations by applicable regulatory agencies, requiring further management attention and potential legal fees and other expenses. A recall for any reason could lead to decreased demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.
Our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities which could result in a conflict of interest.
We may be subject to various potential conflicts of interest because some of our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities. In addition, our executive officers and directors may devote time to their outside business interests, so long as such activities do not materially or adversely interfere with their duties to us. In some cases, our executive officers and directors may have fiduciary obligations associated with these business interests that interfere with their ability to devote time to our business and affairs and that could adversely affect our operations. These business interests could require significant time and attention of our executive officers and directors.
In addition, we may also become involved in other transactions which conflict with the interests of our directors and the officers who may from time to time deal with persons, firms, institutions or companies with which we may be dealing, or which may be seeking investments like those desired by us. The interests of these persons could conflict with our interests. In addition, from time to time, these persons may be competing with us for available investment opportunities. Conflicts of interest, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies provided under applicable laws. In particular, if such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of our directors, a director who has such a conflict will abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. In accordance with applicable laws, our directors are required to act honestly, in good faith and in our best interests.
Management may not be able to successfully implement and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting.
We are subject to various reporting and other regulatory requirements in Canada and the U.S. We have incurred and will continue to incur expenses and, to a lesser extent, diversion of our management’s time in our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and requirements in Canada regarding internal controls over financial reporting. Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing we conduct in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm when required, may reveal deficiencies in our
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internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retrospective changes to our consolidated financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of the common shares and an adverse effect on our business.
We face costs of maintaining a public listing and being a reporting company in Canada and the U.S. which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a public company with securities listed on the Cboe Canada, there are costs associated with legal, accounting and other expenses related to regulatory compliance. Securities legislation and the rules and policies of the Cboe Canada require listed companies to, among other things, adopt corporate governance and related practices, and to continuously prepare and disclose material information, all of which add to a company’s legal and financial compliance costs. We may also elect to devote greater resources than we otherwise would have on communication and other activities typically considered important by publicly traded companies.
In addition, we are subject to the reporting requirements, rules and regulations under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws. The requirements of existing and potential future rules and regulations under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and may place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our emerging growth company status and our smaller reporting company status allows us certain exemptions from various reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other exemptions from requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We have elected to use this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies.
For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of certain other exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the year following the fifth anniversary of the first sale of the common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.
We are also currently a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company, and we have (a) a public float of less than $250 million or (b) annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available and (i) no public float or (ii) a public float of less than $700 million.
In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company at such time as we cease being an emerging growth company, the disclosure we will be required to provide in our SEC filings will increase, but it will still be less than it would be if we were not considered either an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. Specifically, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over
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financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports.
We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we will rely on the exemptions available to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, then there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our stock price may be more volatile.
We may not be able to develop and maintain lasting relationships with consumers.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. There are many factors which could impact our ability to attract and retain customers, including but not limited to brand awareness, our ability to continually produce desirable and effective cannabis products, the successful implementation of our consumer-acquisition plan and the continued growth in the aggregate number of consumers purchasing cannabis products. Our failure to acquire and retain consumers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operations.
Our web presence’s visibility is not limited by geography.
Internet websites are visible by people everywhere, not just in jurisdictions where the activities described therein are considered legal. As a result, to the extent we sell services or products via web-based links targeting only jurisdictions in which such sales or services are compliant with state law, we may face legal action in other jurisdictions which are not the intended object of any of our marketing efforts for engaging in any web-based activity that results in sales into such jurisdictions deemed illegal under applicable laws.
We may have increased labor costs based on union activity.
Labor unions are working to organize workforces in the cannabis industry in general. Currently, there is no labor organization that has been recognized as a representative of our employees. However, it is possible that certain retail and/or manufacturing locations will be organized in the future, which could lead to work stoppages or increased labor costs and adversely affect our business, profitability and our ability to reinvest into the growth of our business. We cannot predict how stable our relationships with U.S. labor organizations would be or whether we would be able to meet any unions’ requirements without impacting our financial condition. Labor unions may also limit our flexibility in dealing with our workforce. Work stoppages and instability in union relationships could delay the production and sale of our products, which could strain relationships with customers and cause a loss of revenues which would adversely affect our operations.
Risks Related to Macro-Economic Conditions
Our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted by a material downturn in global financial conditions.
Global financial conditions have historically experienced extreme volatility. Economic shocks may be precipitated by a number of causes, including a rise in the price of oil, geopolitical instability and natural disasters. Any sudden or rapid destabilization of global economic conditions could impact our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on terms favorable to us. Additionally, any such occurrence could cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. Further, in such an event, our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
Furthermore, general market, political and economic conditions, including, for example, inflation, interest and currency exchange rates, structural changes in the cannabis industry, supply and demand for commodities, political developments, legislative or regulatory changes, social or labor unrest and stock market trends will affect our operating environment and our operating costs and profit margins and the price of our securities. Any negative events in the global economy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
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Increased prices and inflation could negatively impact our margin performance and our financial results.
Increased inflation, including rising prices for raw materials, components, labor and energy increases the costs to manufacture and distribute our products and we may be unable to pass these costs on to our customers. Additionally, we are exposed to fluctuations in other costs such as labor and energy prices. If inflation in these costs increases beyond our ability to control for them through measures such as implementing operating efficiencies, we may not be able to increase prices to sufficiently offset the effect of various cost increases without negatively impacting customer demand, thereby negatively impacting our margin performance and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by boycotts, civil unrest, trade disputes, and other geo-political disruptions.
We may be adversely affected by boycotts, civil unrest and other geo-political disruptions. These events may damage our properties, deny us access to an adequate workforce, increase the cost of energy and other raw materials, temporarily or permanently close our facilities, disrupt the production, supply and distribution of our products and potentially disrupt information systems.
If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on goods imported into the U.S. from China or any related countermeasures are taken by China, our revenue and results of operations may be materially harmed. Currently, the average tariffs on the majority of goods imported from China is approximately 20% which is significantly higher than before additional duties were imposed in 2018. These tariffs apply primarily to our vaporizer and vaporizer accessory products, and as a result, the cost of our products may increase. In addition, any such additional tariffs may also make our products more expensive for consumers, which may reduce consumer demand. We may need to offset the financial impact by, among other things, moving our product manufacturing to other locations where feasible, modifying other business practices or raising prices. If we are not successful in offsetting the impact of any such tariffs, our revenue, gross margins and operating results may be adversely affected.
International conflict has materially adversely affected and is likely to continue to materially adversely affect global trade, currency exchange rates, regional economies and the global economy. In particular, while it is difficult to anticipate the impact of any of the foregoing on us, the conflict and actions taken in response to the conflict could increase our costs, reduce our sales and earnings, impair our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property and Information Technology
We may be subject to risks related to the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights and may become subject to allegations that we are in violation of intellectual property rights of third parties.
As long as cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, the benefit of certain federal laws and protections which may be available to most businesses, such as federal trademark and patent protection regarding the intellectual property of a business, may not be available us. As a result, our intellectual property may never be adequately or sufficiently protected against the use or misappropriation by third parties. In addition, since the regulatory framework of the cannabis industry is in a constant state of flux, we can provide no assurance that we will ever obtain any protection of our intellectual property, whether on a federal, state or local level.
Ownership and protection of intellectual property rights is a significant aspect of our future success. Currently we rely on trade secrets, technical know-how and proprietary information that are not protected by patents to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect such intellectual property by entering into confidentiality agreements with parties that have access to it, such as business partners, collaborators, employees and consultants. If any of these parties breach these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies available. Additionally, our trade secrets and technical know-how, which are not protected by patents, may otherwise become known to or be independently developed by competitors, in which case our business, financial condition and operations could be materially adversely affected.
Unauthorized parties may attempt to replicate or otherwise obtain and use our products, trade secrets, technical know-how and proprietary information. Policing the unauthorized use of our current or future intellectual property rights and
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enforcing those rights could be difficult, expensive, time-consuming and unpredictable. Identifying unauthorized use of intellectual property rights is difficult and we may be unable to effectively monitor and evaluate the products being distributed by our competitors and the processes used to produce such products. Additionally, some or all of our current or future trademarks, patents, proprietary know-how, arrangements, agreements or other intellectual property rights seeking to protect us, may be found invalid, not infringed, unenforceable or anti-competitive in an infringement proceeding. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our current or future trademarks, patents or other intellectual property rights at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put existing intellectual property applications at risk of not being issued. Any or all of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other parties may claim that our products infringe on their proprietary and other protected rights. Such claims, if meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, legal fees, result in injunctions, temporary restraining orders and/or require the payment of damages. We may also need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege that we have infringed on their lawful rights. As such, we may not be able to obtain or utilize such rights or licenses at all or on terms that are favorable to us.
We may be forced to litigate to defend our intellectual property rights, or to defend against claims by third parties against us relating to intellectual property rights.
We may be forced into litigation to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of other parties’ proprietary rights. Any such litigation could be very costly and could distract our management from focusing on operations. The existence and/or outcome of any such litigation could harm our business. Because the content of much of our intellectual property concerns cannabis and other activities that are not legal in some jurisdictions, we may face additional difficulties in defending our intellectual property rights. For instance, the USPTO does not allow trademarks directly related to cannabis and cannabis products to be registered due to the illegal nature of the business and products under federal law.
We are reliant on information technology systems and may be subject to damaging cyber-attacks or security breaches.
We have and will continue to enter into agreements with third parties for hardware, software, telecommunications and other information technology (“IT”) services regarding our operations. Our operations depend, in part, on how well we and our suppliers protect networks, equipment, IT systems and software against damage from many threats, including, but not limited to, cable cuts, damage to physical plants, natural disasters, intentional damage and destruction, fire, power loss, hacking, computer viruses, vandalism and theft. Our operations also depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. The failure of information systems or a component of information systems could, depending on the nature of any such failure, adversely impact our reputation and results of operations.
We have not experienced any material losses to date relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that we will not incur such losses in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters cannot be fully mitigated because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of controls, processes and practices designed to protect systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access is a priority. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.
Given the nature of our products and our lack of legal availability outside of channels approved by applicable governmental and regulatory authorities, as well as the concentration of inventory in our facilities, there remains a risk of security as well as theft. If there was a breach in security systems and we become a victim of robbery or theft, the loss of cannabis plants, cannabis oils, cannabis flowers and cultivation and processing equipment, or if there was a failure of information systems or a component of information systems, depending on the nature of any such breach or failure, it could adversely impact our reputation, business continuity and results of operations. A security breach at one of our facilities could expose us to additional liability and to potentially costly litigation, increase our expenses relating to the resolution and future prevention of such breaches and deter potential consumers from choosing our products.
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We are subject to data privacy laws, rules and regulations and any non-compliance with such laws, rules and regulations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We are subject to laws, rules and regulations in the U.S. (such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”)) and other jurisdictions relating to the collection, processing, storage, transfer and use of personal data. Our ability to execute transactions and to possess and use personal information and data in conducting our business subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens that may require us to notify regulators, customers, investors and the public, employees and other individuals of a data security breach. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under the CCPA and the privacy laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions in which we operate impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time. In addition, non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities and/or significant fines, could negatively impact our reputation and may otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Related to our Acquisitions and Growth Strategy
We may not be able to successfully identify and execute future acquisitions or dispositions, or to successfully manage the impacts of such transactions on our operations.
Material acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic transactions involve a number of risks, including: (i) potential disruptions of our ongoing business; (ii) distractions of management; (iii) an increase in our leverage financially; (iv) failure to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings in a reasonable time frame, or at all; (v) an increase in the scope and complexity of our operations; and (vi) a loss or reduction of control over certain of our assets.
The presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to us at the time of acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. A strategic transaction may result in a significant change to our business, operations and strategy. In addition, we may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in implementing a strategic transaction or integrating any acquired business into our operations.
We may complete additional acquisitions, enter into new lines of business and expand into new geographic markets and businesses, each of which may result in upfront costs and additional risks and uncertainties in our businesses .
We intend, if market conditions warrant, to grow our businesses by acquiring additional businesses, expanding existing products lines, entering into new product lines and entering new geographic markets. Attempts to expand our businesses involve a number of special risks, including some or all of the following:
the required investment of capital and other resources;
the diversion of management’s attention from our existing businesses;
the assumption of liabilities in any acquired business;
the disruption of our ongoing businesses;
entry into markets or lines of business in which we may have limited or no experience;
compliance with or applicability to our businesses of regulations and laws, including, in particular, regulations and laws in new states and localities, and a lack of experience in interacting with the regulatory authorities responsible for enforcing these regulations and laws; and
increasing demands on our operational and management systems and controls.
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There may be additional risks we may face after we identify specific potential new acquisitions, product line expansions, and expansions into new geographic markets or lines of business.
Our ability to complete strategic alliances or partnerships will be dependent on and may be limited by the availability of suitable candidates and capital.
We currently have, and may in the future enter, into partnerships or strategic alliances with third parties that we believe will complement or augment our existing business. Such partnerships or strategic alliances could present unforeseen integration obstacles or costs, may not enhance our business and may involve risks that could adversely affect us, including significant amounts of management’s time that may be diverted from operations in order to pursue and complete such transactions or maintain such strategic alliances. Future strategic alliances or partnerships could result in the incurrence of additional debt, costs and contingent liabilities and there can be no assurance that future strategic alliances or partnerships will achieve, or that our existing strategic alliances or partnerships will continue to achieve, the expected benefits to our business or that we will be able to consummate future strategic alliances on satisfactory terms, or at all. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
If we implement our business plan as intended, we may in the future experience rapid growth and development. The management of this growth will require, among other things, continued development of our financial and management controls and information systems, stringent control of costs, the ability to attract and retain qualified management personnel and the training of new personnel. We intend to outsource resources and hire additional personnel to manage our expected growth and expansion. Failure to successfully manage our possible growth and development could have a material adverse effect on our business and the value of our equity.
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