Real-time Form 4 intelligence. Smarter insider tracking.
YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.14pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.14pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
-
Not scored
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+5
crises+3
flawed+3
adverse+2
incident+2
Positive rising
greater+1
advances+1
beneficial+1
assure+1
adequately+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
11,447 words
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
The following discussion of risk factors may contain “forward-looking” statements, which may be important to understanding any statement in this Annual Report or elsewhere. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (the “MD&A”) and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.
Our business routinely encounters and addresses risks and uncertainties. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by the factors described below. Discussion about the important risks that our business encounters can also be found in the MD&A and in the business description in Item 1, “Business” of this Annual Report. Below, we have described our present view of the most significant risks and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently do not consider significant, could also potentially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Our reactions to these risks and uncertainties as well as our competitors’ and customers’ reactions will affect our future operating results.
Industry and Economic Risks
The automotive industry is cyclical and volatility in the automotive industry could adversely affect our financial performance.
No section text extracted for this filing. The 10-K may use a non-standard template that the parser doesn't recognize - the original doc is still linked in the Stats tab.
Predominantly, our sales are made to the European and U.S. automotive markets. Therefore, our financial performance depends largely on the general economic conditions in these geographical regions in which we do business. Consumer demand for automobiles is subject to considerable volatility as a result of consumer confidence in general economic conditions, levels of employment, prevailing wages, general levels of inflation, fuel prices, and the availability and cost of consumer credit, as well as changing consumer preferences. Demand for aluminum wheels can be further affected by other factors, including pricing and performance comparisons to competitive products. Finally, the demand for our products is influenced by shifts of market share between vehicle manufacturers and the market penetration of the specific vehicle models being sold by our customers. Decreases in demand for automobiles in Europe and the United States could adversely affect the valuation of our productive assets, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and efforts by our competitors to gain market share could adversely affect our financial performance.
The global automotive component supply industry is highly competitive. Competition is based on a number of factors, including delivery, overall customer service, price, quality, technology, and available capacity to meet customer demands. Some of our competitors are companies, or divisions or subsidiaries of companies, which are larger and have greater financial and other resources than we do. We cannot ensure that our products will be able to compete successfully with the products of these competitors. In particular, our ability to maintain or increase manufacturing capacity typically requires significant investments in facilities, equipment, and personnel. Additionally, as a result of evolving customer requirements, we may incur labor costs at premium rates, experience increased maintenance expenses, or have to replace our machinery and equipment on an accelerated basis. Furthermore, the markets in which we compete have attracted new entrants, particularly from low-cost countries. As a result, our sales levels and margins continue to be adversely affected by pricing pressures reflective of significant competition from producers located in low-cost foreign markets, such as China and Morocco. Such competition with lower cost structures poses a significant threat to our ability to compete globally. These factors have led to our customers awarding business to foreign competitors in the past, and they may continue to do so in the future. In addition, any of our competitors may foresee the course of market developments more accurately, develop products that are superior to our products, have the ability to produce similar products at a lower cost, or adapt more quickly to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. Consequently, our products may not be able to compete successfully with competitors’ products.
Pandemics, epidemics, and other public health crises and the measures taken in response thereto may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our operations and global economic conditions. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic caused global economic downturns and significant reductions in automotive industry production volumes due to government mandated closure of production facilities, as well as significant volatility in the financial markets. Any future public health crises could adversely affect global economic conditions, the supply chain and availability of raw materials, industry production volumes, and overall demand for our products. While automotive industry production volumes have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, they continue to remain lower than the 2019 pre-pandemic production levels.
Specific risks to our Company include the following:
negative effects to our operations resulting from instability in OEM production schedules, reductions in production volumes, and production efficiency levels;
Table of Contents
deterioration of worldwide credit and financial markets which could limit our ability to access the capital markets, or disrupt the consumers’ ability to obtain financing to purchase new vehicles;
uncertainties associated with the effects of a public health crisis on the automotive sector coupled with our negative equity position may result in a decrease in (or elimination of) credit insurance available to our European suppliers, resulting in adverse payment term changes with our suppliers;
continuing disruptions to the automotive industry supply chain, including shortages of semiconductor chips, electric vehicle batteries, shipping containers, steel, resin and foam.
To the extent these risks adversely affect our operations and global economic conditions more generally, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein.
Risks Relating to Our Business, Strategy and Operations
A limited number of customers represent a large percentage of our sales. The loss of a significant customer or decrease in demand could adversely affect our operating results.
GM, Ford, VW Group, Toyota, Volvo, and BMW, together, represented 77% and 76% of our sales in 2024 and 2023. Global procurement practices, including demand for price reductions may make it more difficult for us to maintain long-term supply arrangements with our customers, and there are no guarantees that we will be able to negotiate supply arrangements with our customers on terms acceptable to us in the future. The contracts we have entered into with most of our customers provide that we will manufacture wheels for a particular vehicle model, rather than manufacture a specific quantity of products. Such contracts range from one year to the life of the model (usually three to five years), typically are nonexclusive and do not require the purchase by the customer of any minimum number of wheels from us. Therefore, a significant decrease in consumer demand for certain key models or group of related models sold by any of our major customers, or a decision by a manufacturer not to purchase from us, or to discontinue purchasing from us, for a particular model or group of models, could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We may be unable to successfully launch new products and/or achieve technological advances which could adversely affect our ability to compete resulting in an adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
In order to compete effectively in the global automotive component supply industry, we must be able to launch new products and adopt technologies to meet our customers’ demands in a timely manner. However, we cannot ensure that we will be able to install and certify the equipment needed for new product programs in time for the start of production, or that the transitioning of our manufacturing facilities and resources under new product programs will not affect production rates or other operational efficiency measures at our facilities. In addition, we cannot ensure that our customers will execute the launch of their new product programs on schedule. We are also subject to the risks generally associated with new product introductions and applications, including lack of market acceptance, delays in product development, and failure of products to operate properly. The global automotive industry is experiencing a period of significant technological change, including but not limited to advances in artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies. As a result, the success of our business requires us to develop and/or incorporate leading technologies. Such technologies may be subject to rapid obsolescence. Our inability to maintain access to these technologies (either through development or licensing) may adversely affect our ability to compete. If we are unable to differentiate our products, maintain a low-cost footprint or compete effectively with technology-focused new market entrants, we may lose market share or be forced to reduce prices, thereby lowering our margins. Any such occurrences could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.
Increases in the costs and restrictions on availability of raw materials could adversely affect our operating margins and cash flow.
Generally, we obtain our raw materials, supplies, and energy requirements from various sources. Although we currently maintain alternative sources, our business is subject to the risk of price increases and periodic delays in delivery. Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials may be driven by the supply and demand for that commodity or governmental regulation, including trade laws and tariffs. For example, in 2018, the United States Trade Representative (the “USTR”) imposed 10% tariffs on raw aluminum and 25% tariffs on raw steel imported into the U.S. from various countries under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. On March 12, 2025, the tariff on raw aluminum into the U.S. will increase from 10% to 25%, and these tariffs will apply to all aluminum imported into the U.S. regardless of its origin. While these tariffs currently do not affect our business, there is a risk that they could affect our business in the future. These actions have resulted and are expected to further result in retaliatory measures on U.S. goods. If maintained, the newly announced tariffs and the potential escalation of trade disputes could pose a significant risk to our business and adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.
Table of Contents
Further, if any of our suppliers seek bankruptcy relief or otherwise cannot continue their business as anticipated, the availability or price of raw materials could be adversely affected. Both domestic and international markets in which we operate experienced significant inflationary pressures in fiscal year 2023, which continued in 2024. In addition, the Federal Reserve in the United States and other central banks in various countries have raised, and may again raise, interest rates in response to concerns about inflation, which, coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in financial markets, may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty and heightening these risks. Interest rate increases or other government actions taken to reduce inflation could also result in recessionary pressures in many parts of the world. While there was some improvement in the latter part of 2022 and 2023, we expect inflationary pressure to continue to affect our raw material and other costs.
Although our OEM contracts provide for the pass through of fluctuating aluminum and certain other raw material costs, we may not be able to do so in the future. Moreover, we establish our aftermarket selling prices six months in advance of the spring and winter sales periods. The aluminum we use to manufacture wheels contains alloying materials. The cost of alloying materials is therefore a component of the overall cost of a wheel. The price of the alloys we purchase is based on certain published market indices; however, certain of our OEM customer agreements do not provide price adjustments for changes in market prices of alloying materials. Increases or decreases in the market prices of alloying materials could have an adverse effect on our operating margins and cash flows. Furthermore, certain of our customers are not obligated to accept energy or other supply cost increases that we may attempt to pass along to them. The inability to pass such cost increases on to our customers could adversely affect our operating margins and cash flows.
In 2021, aluminum prices increased by approximately 45 percent and, while we were able to protect the margins of our OEM business by passing these costs on to our customers, rising aluminum prices increased our investment in working capital and therefore reduced our operating cash flow. In addition, since we are not able to pass aluminum price increases on to our aftermarket customers, the margins of our aftermarket business were adversely affected in 2021 and 2022. While aluminum prices began to decline in the latter part of 2022 and 2023, they remained somewhat elevated in relation to historical levels during 2023. In addition, rising silicon, natural gas and electricity costs increased significantly beginning in 2021 and remained somewhat elevated in 2022 and 2023. If unabated, they could continue to adversely affect our margins.
Aluminum and alloy pricing, and the timing of our receipt of payment from customers for aluminum and certain other raw material price fluctuations, may have a material effect on our operating margins and cash flows.
The cost of aluminum is a significant component in the overall cost of our wheels and in our selling prices to customers. Our OEM customer prices are adjusted for fluctuations in aluminum based on changes in certain published market indices, but the timing of price adjustments is based on specific customer agreements and can vary from monthly to quarterly. As a result, the timing of aluminum and certain other raw material price adjustments with customers in sales rarely will match the timing of such changes in cost of sales and can result in fluctuations in our gross profit. This is especially true during periods of frequent and dramatic increases or decreases in the market price of aluminum.
Any protracted labor disruption, such as a strike by unionized employees of our customers, may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
A significant portion of our revenues are attributable to customers with unionized work forces. Any protracted labor disruption at those customers due to strikes would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
We experience continual pressure from our customers to reduce costs and, if we are unable to generate sufficient cost reductions, our revenues, operating margins and cash flows could be adversely affected.
The global vehicle market is highly competitive, resulting in continual cost-cutting initiatives by our customers. Customer concentration, supplier fragmentation and product commoditization have translated into continual pressure from OEMs to reduce the price of our products. It is possible that pricing pressures beyond our expectations could intensify as OEMs pursue restructuring or other cost-cutting initiatives. If we are unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset such price reductions, our operating margins, and cash flows could be adversely affected. In addition, changes in OEMs’ purchasing policies or payment practices could have an adverse effect on our business. Our OEM customers typically attempt to qualify more than one supplier for the vehicle programs we participate on and for programs we may bid on in the future. Accordingly, our OEM customers may be able to negotiate favorable pricing or may decrease wheel orders from us. Such actions may result in decreased sales volumes and unit price reductions for the Company, resulting in lower revenues, operating margins, and cash flows.
Table of Contents
We may be unable to successfully implement cost-saving measures or achieve expected benefits under our plans to improve operations which could negatively affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flow.
As part of our ongoing focus to provide high quality products at reasonable prices, we continually analyze our business to further improve our operations and identify cost-cutting measures. We may be unable to successfully identify or implement plans targeting these initiatives or fail to realize the benefits of the plans we have already implemented, as a result of operational difficulties, a weakening of the economy, or other factors. Cost reductions may not fully offset decreases in the prices of our products due to the time required to develop and implement cost reduction initiatives. Additional factors such as inconsistent customer ordering patterns, increasing product complexity and heightened quality standards may increase our costs and may make it more difficult to reduce our costs. It is possible that the costs we incur to implement improvement strategies may negatively affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We may be unable to attract and retain key personnel, including our senior management team, which may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to attract, hire, train, and retain qualified managerial, operational, engineering, sales, and marketing personnel. We face significant competition for these types of employees in our industry. We may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining the personnel we require to conduct our operations successfully. In addition, key personnel may leave us and compete against us. Our success also depends, to a significant extent, on the continued service of our senior management team. During the last several years we have experienced significant turnover in our senior management members, additional losses of members of our senior management team or other experienced senior employees could impair our ability to execute our business plans and strategic initiatives, cause us to lose customers and experience lower revenues, or lead to employee morale problems and/or the loss of other key employees.
Legal, Compliance and Regulatory Risks
We are from time to time subject to litigation, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The nature of our business exposes us to litigation in the ordinary course of our business. We are exposed to potential product liability and warranty risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture, and sale of automotive products, the failure of which could result in property damage, personal injury, or death. Accordingly, individual or class action suits alleging product liability or warranty claims could result. Although we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance in excess of our self-insured amounts, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms or that such insurance will provide adequate protection against future liabilities. In addition, if any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall. A successful claim brought against us or a requirement to participate in any product recall, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Our business requires extensive product development activities to launch new products. Accordingly, there is a risk that wheels under development may not be ready by the start of production or may fail to meet the customer’s specifications. In any such case, warranty or compensation claims might be raised, or litigation might be commenced, against the Company.
Moreover, there are risks related to civil liability under our customer supply contracts (civil liability clauses in contracts with customers, contractual risks related to civil liability for causing delay in production launch, etc.). If we fail to ensure production launch as and when required by the customer, thus jeopardizing production processes at the customer’s facilities, this could lead to increased costs, giving rise to recourse claimsagainst, or causing loss of orders by, the Company. This could also have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Furthermore, sales of products to our OEM customers are subject to contracts that involve numerous terms and conditions and incorporate extensive documentation developed throughout the sales and contracting process, including quotes and product specifications. These terms and conditions can be complex and may be subject to differing interpretations, which could result in contractual disputes. Contractual disputes may be costly, time-consuming, result in contract or relationship terminations, and be harmful to our reputation as well as also have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
International trade agreements and our international operations make us vulnerable to risks associated with doing business in foreign countries that can affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We manufacture our products in Mexico and Poland and we sell our products internationally. Accordingly, unfavorable changes in foreign cost structures, trade protection laws, tariffs on aluminum or wheels, regulations, and policies affecting trade and investments and social, political, labor or economic conditions in a specific country or region, among other factors, could have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. Legal and regulatory requirements differ among jurisdictions worldwide. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. Although we have policies, controls and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, our employees, contractors, or agents may violate our policies.
Table of Contents
It remains unclear what the U.S. administration or foreign governments, including China, will or will not do with respect to tariffs or other international trade agreements and policies. In 2018, 25% tariffs were imposed by the USTR on various products imported from China, including aluminum wheels, based on Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (the “301 tariffs”). These 301 tariffs are currently still in effect and on February 1, 2025 an additional 10% tariff was imposed on product imports from certain countries, including China. Removal of these tariffs may increase competitive pressure from Chinese producers who have cost advantages. On February 1, 2025, the Trump Administration announced an intent to impose 25% tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) on goods imported into the U.S. from Mexico and Canada and increase the tariff on goods from China by 20%. These tariffs went into effect on March 4, 2025 and may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Mexico has labor laws that are intended to make it easier for Mexican workers to unionize and that enhance certain benefits. Our cost of manufacturing in Mexico could be subject to further increases in the event of unionization or as a result of further legislation, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
A trade war, other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, changes in United States social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where we currently manufacture and sell products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the United States, these territories and countries as a result of such changes, likely would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The cost of manufacturing our products in Mexico and Poland may be affected by tariffs imposed by any of these countries or the United States, trade protection laws, policies and other regulations affecting trade and investments, social, political, labor, or general economic conditions. Other factors that can affect the business and financial results of our Mexican and Polish operations include, but are not limited to, changes in cost structures, currency effects of the Mexican Peso, Euro and Polish Zloty, availability and competency of personnel and developments in tax regulations.
We are subject to various environmental laws.
We incur costs to comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot ensure that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in material fines or sanctions. Additionally, changes to such laws or regulations may have a significant effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are subject to various foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water, the storage, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by hazardous substances or wastes and the health and safety of our employees. The nature of our current and former operations and the history of industrial uses at some of our facilities expose us to the risk of liabilities or claims with respect to environmental and worker health and safety matters which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Further, changes in legislation or regulation imposing reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of greenhouse gases from, or otherwise affecting or limiting our equipment, operations, or the vehicles that use our products could adversely affect demand for those vehicles or require us to incur costs to become compliant with such regulations.
Capital Structure Risks
We do not expect to generate sufficient cash to repay all of our indebtedness (including the Term Loan Facility) by their respective maturity dates and may be unable to pay the redemption value for the redeemable preferred stock upon redemption by a holder. As a result, we will be dependent upon our ability to access the capital markets and/or source additional investments and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy these obligations, none of which may be successful. Failure to repay these obligations at maturity or upon redemption would adversely affect our financial condition.
The Company’s capital structure is heavily leveraged as a result of debt incurred in connection with the 2017 acquisition of our European business, which was refinanced on August 14, 2024. At December 31, 2024, our capital structure consisted of:
$520.0 million Term Loan Facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), together with the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) referred to as the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities” or “SSCF” with an outstanding balance of $518.7 million;
redeemable preferred stock of $288.5 million (unconditionally redeemable on or after September 14, 2025 or upon the occurrence of a Redemption Right Event as defined in the Certificate of Designations, which as of December 31, 2024 would be equivalent to a $320.3 million redemption value);
finance leases of $1.1 million; and
shareholders’ deficit of $276.2 million.
Table of Contents
The Company also has available unused commitments under its revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) of $42.5 million at December 31, 2024.
The Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Facility are scheduled to mature on December 15, 2027 and December 15, 2028.
Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic, industry and competitive conditions and to certain other factors beyond our control. At the present time, we do not expect to generate sufficient cash to repay all principal due under our indebtedness, in full by the respective maturity dates, which will likely require us to refinance a portion or all of our outstanding debt. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital and credit markets and our financial condition at such time. We might not be able to restructure or refinance the debt on satisfactory terms. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and associated transactions costs and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations and limit our financial flexibility. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit ratings, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness or issue equity, or to refinance all or portions of these obligations.
In the absence of sufficient cash flows, refinancing or adequate funds available under credit facilities, we could face substantial liquidity constraints and might be required to reduce or delay capital expenditures, seek additional capital, sell material assets or operations to attempt to meet our debt service and other obligations, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. The credit agreements governing the SSCF restrict, and adverse market or business conditions may limit, our ability to take some or all of the aforementioned actions, including incurring additional obligations, conducting asset sales and/or using the proceeds from asset sales. We may not be able to consummate these asset sales to raise capital or sell assets at prices and on terms that we believe are fair, and any proceeds that we do receive or would be permitted to use may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. If we cannot meet our debt service obligations, the holders of our debt may accelerate our debt and, to the extent such debt is secured, foreclose on our assets. In such an event, we may not have sufficient assets to repay all of our debt.
Under the Certificate of Designations for our redeemable preferred stock, the holders may redeem such redeemable preferred stock on or after September 14, 2025 or, if earlier, as a result of the occurrence of an early redemption event (e.g., an Exchange Act report that a person or group has become the beneficial owner of more than 50% of the voting securities of the Company, recapitalization, merger, sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, or an adoption of a plan or proposal for liquidation or delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE). The redemption obligation of our redeemable preferred stock consists of a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) two times the then-current Stated Value (defined in the Certificate of Designations as $1,000 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends or dividends paid-in-kind), which as of December 31, 2024 would be equivalent to a $320.3 million redemption value, and (ii) the product of the number of shares of common stock into which the redeemable preferred stock could be converted at the time of such redemption (5.7 million shares currently) and the then-Current Market Price (defined in the Certificate of Designations as the arithmetic average of the VWAP per share of common stock for each of the thirty (30) consecutive full trading days ending on the trading day before the record date with respect to such action) of our common stock. Any redemption payment would be limited to cash legally available to pay such redemption. The shares of redeemable preferred stock that have not been redeemed would continue to receive a dividend of 9% per annum on the then-current Stated Value, as defined in the Certificate of Designations, until such shares of redeemable preferred stock are redeemed. The Board would have to evaluate periodically the ability of the Company to make any remaining payments until the full redemption amount has been paid. A redemption payment, if required, for some or all of our outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock would negatively affect our liquidity, could result in our entering into an undesirable equity or debt refinancing transaction and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our substantial indebtedness and the corresponding interest expense could adversely affect our financial condition
We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2024, our total debt was $519.8 million ($489.4 million net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $30.4 million). Additionally, we had availability of $42.5 million under the Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2024.
A significant portion of our cash flow from operations will be used to pay our interest expense and will not be available for other business purposes. We cannot be certain that our business will generate sufficient cash flow or that we will be able to enter into future financings that will provide sufficient proceeds to meet or pay the interest on our debt.
Subject to the limits contained in the credit agreements governing the SSCF, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt could intensify.
Table of Contents
In addition, the credit agreements governing the SSCF contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, could limit our ability to incur liens, engage in mergers and acquisitions, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, make investments or acquisitions, redeem our capital stock, or pay dividends. In addition, the SSCF requires us to maintain appropriate insurance coverages, including insurance with respect to assets which secure the underlying debt obligations. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of the maturity of all of our debt.
A downgrade or withdrawal of our credit rating or a decrease of the prices of the Company’s common stock could adversely affect our financial performance.
The Company and its SSCF are rated by Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s. There can be no assurance that any rating assigned will remain for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency, if in that rating agency's judgment, future circumstances, such as adverse changes to economic conditions that could affect an issuer's ability to meet its financial commitments, so warrant. These ratings are widely followed by investors, customers, and suppliers, and a downgrade or withdrawal by one or both of these rating agencies might cause: increases to our debt issuance costs; suppliers to cancel our contracts, demand price increases, or decrease payment terms; customers to reduce their business activities with us; or investors to reconsider investments in financial instruments issued by Superior, all of which might cause a decrease of the price of our common stock or a reduction in our access to capital.
A decrease in our common stock prices, in turn, might accelerate such negative trends, which, in turn, would make it more difficult for us to refinance our existing debt, redeemable preferred stock obligations and/or future debt.
The terms of the credit agreements governing the SSCF and the documents governing other debt that we may incur in the future, may restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
The credit agreements governing the SSCF and the documents governing other debt that we may incur in the future, may contain a number of covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interests, including restrictions on our ability to:
incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness;
create or incur liens;
engage in mergers or consolidations or sell all or substantially all of our assets;
sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets;
make investments, acquisitions, loans or advances or other restricted payments;
pay dividends or distributions, repurchase our capital stock or make certain other restricted payments;
prepay, redeem, or repurchase any subordinated indebtedness;
designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries;
enter into agreements which limit the ability of our non-guarantor subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us;
and enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.
In addition, the restrictive covenants in the credit agreements governing the SSCF require us to maintain specified financial ratios, including a quarterly secured net leverage ratio and a quarterly total net leverage ratio as well as a minimum liquidity. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control. We may not meet those ratios and tests.
If we fail to comply with these covenants and restrictions, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders and/or amend the covenants, which could, among other things, affect our liquidity. Moreover, in connection with any future waivers or amendments to our indebtedness that we may obtain, our lenders may modify the terms of our indebtedness or impose additional operating and financial restrictions on us. A breach of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreements governing the SSCF or under other debt instruments could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors under such facility to accelerate the maturity of the related debt, which may result in the acceleration of the maturity date of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the credit agreements governing our SSCF would permit the lenders under our revolving credit facilities to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under these facilities. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the SSCF or under other secured debt instruments, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. We have pledged substantially all of our assets as collateral under the SSCF. Even if we are able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms or on terms acceptable to us. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
Table of Contents
limited in how we conduct our business;
unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
These restrictions, along with restrictions that may be contained in agreements evidencing or governing other future indebtedness, may affect our ability to grow or pursue other important initiatives in accordance with our growth strategy.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our SSCF are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease. As of December 31, 2024, $518.7 million of our debt was variable rate debt. Our anticipated annual interest expense on $518.7 million of variable rate debt at the current rate of 11.88% would be $61.6 million. We may not maintain interest rate swaps with respect to all of our variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps we enter into may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.
We may be adversely affected by changes in the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) or Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) reporting practices, the method in which SOFR or EURIBOR is determined or the use of alternative reference rates.
The interest rates under our SSCF are calculated using SOFR (or, in certain cases, EURIBOR), or alternate base rates. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “FRBNY”) began to publish SOFR in April 2018. SOFR was developed for use in certain U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts as an alternative to the U.S. dollar London interbank offered rate (“U.S. dollar LIBOR”). Although the FRBNY has also begun publishing historical indicative SOFR going back to 2014, such historical indicative data inherently involves assumptions, estimates and approximations. Therefore, SOFR has limited performance history and no actual investment based on the performance of SOFR was possible before April 2018. The level of SOFR in future periods may bear little or no relation to the historical level of SOFR. In addition, the differences between SOFR and U.S. dollar LIBOR may mean that market participants would not consider SOFR a suitable substitute or successor for all of the purposes for which U.S. dollar LIBOR historically has been used (including, without limitation, as a representation of the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks), which may, in turn, lessen market acceptance of SOFR or lead to changes to the method in which SOFR is determined.
On September 21, 2017, the European Central Bank announced that it would be part of a new working group tasked with the identification and adoption of a “risk free overnight rate” to serve as a basis for an alternative to benchmarks used in a variety of financial instruments and contracts used in the euro area. On September 13, 2018, the working group on euro risk-free rates recommended the new euro short-term rate (“€STR”) as the new risk free rate for the euro area. €STR was published for the first time on October 2, 2019. In addition, in response to regulatory scrutiny and applicable legal requirements, the European Money Markets Institute (the “EMMI”), as administrator of EURIBOR, conducted a series of consultations on a proposed reformed hybrid methodology for EURIBOR. In July 2019, EMMI published its EURIBOR Benchmark Statement setting forth its reformed hybrid methodology and received regulatory authorization for the continued administration of EURIBOR.
In the future, SOFR and EURIBOR could be subject to further regulatory scrutiny, reform efforts, and/or other actions. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom, the United States, or elsewhere. To the extent these interest rates increase, our interest expense will increase, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows. If SOFR or EURIBOR is discontinued or ceases to be published, there can be no assurances that we and other market participants will be adequately prepared for such discontinuance or cessation, which may have an unpredictable effect on contractual mechanics, among other adverse consequences. Further, other index providers are developing products that are perceived as competing with SOFR or EURIBOR. It is possible that market participants will prefer one of these competing products and that such competing products may become more widely accepted in the marketplace than SOFR or EURIBOR.
A delisting of our common stock from the NYSE could reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reduce the number of investors and analysts that cover our common stock; limit our ability to issue additional shares and damage our reputation which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, a delisting of our common stock from the NYSE could cause a redemption of some or all of our outstanding redeemable preferred stock which would negatively affect our liquidity.
We are required under the NYSE continued listing standards to maintain a market capitalization of at least $50 million, over a consecutive 30 trading-day period, or maintain stockholders’ equity of at least $50 million. If our market capitalization were to fall below $50 million over a consecutive 30-day trading period, we would be noncompliant with NYSE continued listing standards which could result in delisting. As of December 31, 2024, our market capitalization was $58.9 million.
Table of Contents
A delisting of our common stock could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things: reducing the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reducing the number of investors, including institutional investors, willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively affect our ability to raise equity; decreasing the amount of news and analyst coverage relating to us; limiting our ability to issue additional securities, obtain additional financing or pursue strategic restructuring, refinancing or other transactions; and affecting our reputation and, as a consequence, our ability to attract new business.
In addition, the holders of our redeemable preferred stock have the right to redeem all of the outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock if our common stock is delisted from the NYSE. If this were to occur, the redemption obligation of our redeemable preferred stock consists of a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) two times the then-current Stated Value (defined in the Certificate of Designations as $1,000 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends or dividends paid-in-kind), which as of December 31, 2024 would be equivalent to a $320.3 million redemption value, and (ii) the product of the number of shares of common stock into which the redeemable preferred stock could be converted (5.7 million shares currently) and the then-Current Market Price (defined in the Certificate of Designations as the arithmetic average of the VWAP per share of common stock for each of the thirty (30) consecutive full trading days ending on the trading day before the record date with respect to such action) of our common stock. Any redemption payment would be limited to cash legally available to pay such redemption. The shares of redeemable preferred stock that have not been redeemed would continue to receive a dividend of 9 percent per annum on the then-current Stated Value, as defined in the Certificate of Designations, until such shares of redeemable preferred stock are redeemed. The Board would have to evaluate periodically the ability of the Company to make any remaining payments until the full redemption amount has been paid. A redemption payment, if required, for some or all of our outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock would negatively affect our liquidity, could result in our entering into an undesirable equity or debt refinancing transaction and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Taxation Risks
We are subject to taxation related risks in multiple jurisdictions.
We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our global provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets or liabilities and in evaluating our tax positions on a worldwide basis. While we believe our tax positions are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, it is possible that these positions may be overturned by jurisdictional tax authorities, which may have a significant effect on our global provision for income taxes. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change; new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. Changes in tax laws or interpretations of tax laws may result in higher taxes, including making it more costly to move funds amongst different tax jurisdictions. We are subject to ongoing tax audits and may be subject to tax litigation. Audits and litigation can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and can be highly subjective.
In addition, governmental tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, are actively changing existing tax laws, including a global minimum tax, that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. The effect of tax law changes and tax law interpretation could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and liquidity.
We are currently unable to fully deduct interest charges on German and U.S. indebtedness.
The interest deduction barriers under German tax law ( Zinsschranke ) and U.S. tax law limit the tax deductibility of interest expenses. If no exception to these limits applies, the annual net interest expense (interest expense less interest income) is deductible up to 30 percent of the earnings before interest income and expense, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) taxable in Germany and up to 30 percent of the earnings before interest income and expense and income taxes (“EBIT”) taxable in the United States. Nondeductible interest expenses can be carried forward. Interest carry-forwards are subject to the same tax cancellation rules as tax loss carry-forwards. Whenever interest expenses are not deductible or if an interest carry-forward is lost, the tax burden in future assessment periods could rise, which might have alone, or in combination, a material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operation, or cash flows.
Table of Contents
We may be exposed to risks related to existing and future profit and loss transfer agreements executed with German subsidiaries of our European operations.
Profit and loss transfer agreements are one of the prerequisites of the taxation of Superior and its German subsidiaries as a German tax group. For tax purposes, a profit and loss transfer agreement must have a contract term for a minimum of five years. In addition, such agreement must be fully executed. If a profit and loss transfer agreement or its actual execution does not meet the prerequisites for taxation as a German tax group, Superior Industries International Germany GmbH (“SII Germany”), formerly known as Superior Industries International AG, and each subsidiary are taxed on their own income (and under certain circumstances even with retrospective effect). Additionally, 5 percent of dividends from a subsidiary to SII Germany, or other Superior European controlling entities within the European Union would be regarded as nondeductible expenses at the SII Germany level, or level of other Superior European controlling entities. Furthermore, the compensation of a loss of a subsidiary would be regarded as a contribution by SII Germany into the subsidiary and thus, would not directly reduce SII Germany’s profits. As a consequence, if the profit and loss transfer agreements do not meet the prerequisites of a German tax group, this could have a future material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
General Risk Factors
The Ukraine Conflict may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine (the “Ukraine Conflict”). In response to the Russian invasion, various countries have developed comprehensive and coordinated sanctions and export restrictions on Russia, as well as on certain Russian products and certain Russian individuals. These countries and others could impose wider sanctions and take other actions in the future. In addition, the retaliatory measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States and other countries, have created global security concerns that could result in broader European military and political conflicts and otherwise have a substantial effect on regional and global economies, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, particularly our European operations.
The Ukraine Conflict has also given rise to macroeconomic risks which led, and may continue to lead, to significant declines in global and regional economic growth, particularly in Europe. These risks may not only reduce global demand and automotive production volumes but also have caused, and may continue to cause, further supply chain disruption and drive higher energy and commodity prices, including increases in aluminum, alloy premium, and silicon, as well as inflation and higher interest rates. Energy prices in Europe, particularly in Poland, increased significantly during 2022, partly due to the effects of the Ukraine Conflict and related sanctions and retaliatory measures, but have subsequently declined somewhat in 2023 and 2024. Our OEM customers have, at times, temporarily shut down or lowered production as a result of the related supply disruption.
The effects of the Ukraine Conflict, including economic sanctions and export controls such as restrictions on energy exports, or additional military conflict, as well as potential responses to such actions by Russia, is currently unknown. It has led and may continue to lead to further increases of our costs, affect our supply chain and customers, and reduce our sales, earnings and cash flows. In addition, the continuation of the Ukraine Conflict could lead to other disruptions, instability and volatility in global markets that could adversely affect our operations. To the extent the Ukraine Conflictadversely affects our operations and global economic conditions more generally, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein.
We may not be able to renew our various insurance policies or renew them on terms and conditions acceptable to us.
We carry a variety of property, liability, and other insurance policies. These insurance policies might not cover all possible future risks we are exposed to, or we might not be able to successfully enforce an insurance claim. Additionally, although we carry insurance, coverage is limited to losses in excess of any applicable deductible. Coverage under such insurance is also limited to losses up to but not in excess of any applicable coverage limit. Furthermore, we may not be able to renew our various insurance policies or may have to renew them at terms and conditions adverse or unacceptable to us.
Fluctuations in foreign currencies and commodity and energy prices may adversely affect our financial results.
Due to our operations outside of the United States, we experience exposure to foreign currency gains and losses in the ordinary course of our business. We settle transactions between currencies (i.e., U.S. dollar to Mexican Peso, Euro to U.S. dollar, U.S. dollar to Euro and Euro to Polish Zloty). To the extent possible, we attempt to match the timing and magnitude of transaction settlements between currencies to create a “natural hedge.” Based on our current business model and levels of production and sales activity, the net imbalance between currencies depends on specific circumstances. While changes in the terms of the contracts with our customers will create an imbalance between currencies that we hedge with foreign currency forward or option contracts, there can be no assurances that our hedging program will effectively offset the effects of the imbalance between currencies or that the net transaction balance will not change significantly in the future.
Table of Contents
Additionally, we are exposed to commodity and energy price risks due to significant aluminum and silicon raw material requirements and the energy intensive nature of our operations. Natural gas and electricity prices are subject to a number of variables that are outside of our control. We use financial derivatives and fixed-price agreements with suppliers to reduce the effect of any volatility on our financial results. The foreign currency forward or option contracts, the natural gas forward contracts, and the fixed-price agreements we enter into with financial institutions and suppliers are designed to protect us against foreign exchange risks and price risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, certain firmly committed transactions and forecasted future cash flows. We have a program to hedge a significant portion of our foreign exchange or commodity and energy price exposures, typically for up to 48 months. However, we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange or commodity or energy price exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations, the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures, or our inability to identify willing counterparties. There is no guarantee that our hedge program will effectively mitigate our exposures to foreign exchange and commodity and energy price changes which could have material adverse effects on our cash flows and results of operations. In addition, fixed-price supplier and derivative contracts are subject to counterparty credit risk.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the USD value of assets and liabilities of our foreign operations, as well as assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies, and may adversely affect reported earnings and, accordingly, the comparability of period-to-period results of operations. Changes in currency exchange rates or commodity and energy prices may affect the relative prices at which we and our foreign competitors sell products in the same market. In addition, changes in the value of the relevant currencies or commodities and energy prices may affect the cost of certain items required in our operations. We cannot ensure that fluctuations in exchange rates or commodity and energy prices will not otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations or cause significant fluctuations in quarterly and annual results of operations and cash flows.
A disruption in our information technology systems, including a disruption related to cybersecurity, could adversely affect our financial condition and financial performance.
We rely on the accuracy, capacity and security of our information technology systems. Despite the security measures that we have implemented, our systems, and those of our customers, suppliers, and other service providers, are subject to cybersecurity incidents, including computer viruses, malware, phishing attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. Our systems have been in the past, and may be in the future, subject to natural or man-made incidents or disasters or unauthorized physical or electronic access. These types of incidents (collectively, a “system disruption”) have become more prevalent and pervasive across industries, including in our industry, and are expected to continue in the future. A system disruption could result in business disruption, theft of our intellectual property, trade secrets or customer information and unauthorized access to personnel information. Although cybersecurity and the continued development and enhancement of our controls, processes, practices, and training designed to protect our information technology systems from attack, damage, or unauthorized access are a high priority for us, our activities and investment may not be deployed quickly enough or successfully protect our systems against all vulnerabilities specifically vulnerabilities to previously unknown or zero-day methods of attack, including technologies developed to bypass our security measures. In addition, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers to disclose access credentials or other sensitive information in order to gain access to our secure systems and networks. There are no assurances that our actions and investments to improve the maturity of our systems, processes and risk management framework or remediate vulnerabilities will be sufficient or completed quickly enough to prevent or limit the effect of any system disruption. Moreover, because the techniques used to gain access to or sabotage systems often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate the methods necessary to defendagainst these types of attacks and we cannot predict the extent, frequency or effect these problems may have on us. To the extent that our business is interrupted or data is lost, destroyed or inappropriately used or disclosed, such disruptions could adversely affect our competitive position, relationships with our customers, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Due to the evolving nature of such security threats, the potential effects of any future incident cannot be predicted. In addition, the amount of insurance coverage we maintain may not be adequate to cover claims or liabilities related to a cybersecurity attack and we may incur significant costs to protect against the damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.
We are also dependent on security measures that some of our third-party customers, suppliers, and other service providers take to protect their own systems and infrastructures. Some of these third parties store or have access to certain of our sensitive data, as well as confidential information about their own operations, and as such are subject to their own system disruptions. Any system disruption of any of these third parties’ systems could result in unauthorized access to our information technology systems, cause us to be non-compliant with applicable laws or regulations, subject us to legal claims or proceedings, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, any of which could adversely affect our financial performance.
Table of Contents
Furthermore, AI, including machine-learning, technologies are increasingly being used in our industry. The use of AI-based solutions by third parties on which we rely could lead to the public disclosure of confidential information (including personal data or proprietary information) in contravention of our internal policies, data protection or other applicable laws, or contractual requirements. Moreover, AI-based solutions may create flawed, incomplete, or inaccurate outputs, some of which may appear correct. This may happen if the inputs that the model relied on were inaccurate, incomplete or flawed, or if the logic of the AI-based solutions is flawed (a so-called “hallucination”). The use of AI tools by our customers, suppliers, and other service providers may also increase vulnerability to cybersecurity risks, including through unauthorized use or misuse of AI tools and hallucinations or the introduction of malicious code incorporated into AI generated code.
Competitors could copy our products or technologies and we could violate protected intellectual property rights or trade secrets of our competitors or other third parties.
We register business-related intellectual property rights, such as industrial designs, patents and trademarks, hold licenses and other agreements covering the use of intellectual property rights, and have taken steps to ensure that our trade secrets and technological know-how remain confidential. Nevertheless, there is a risk that third parties would attempt to copy, in full or in part, our products, technologies or industrial designs, or to obtain unauthorized access and use of Company secrets, technological know-how or other protected intellectual property rights. Also, other companies could successfully develop technologies, products or industrial designs similar to ours, and thus potentially compete with us.
Further, there can be no assurance that we will not unknowinglyinfringe intellectual property rights of our competitors, such as patents and industrial designs, especially due to the fact that the interpretations of what constitutes protected intellectual property may differ. Similarly, there is a risk that we will illegitimately use intellectual property developed by our employees, which is subject in each case to relevant regulations governing employee-created innovations. If a dispute concerning intellectual property rights arises, in which the relevant court issues an opinion on the disputed intellectual property rights contrary to us, identifying a breach of intellectual property rights, we may be required to pay substantial damages or to stop the use of such intellectual property. In addition, we are exposed to the risk of injunctions being imposed to prevent further infringement, leading to a decrease in the number of customer orders.
All of these events could have a material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Table of Contents
ITEM 1B. - UNRESOLVE D STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. - CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Strategy and Management
Our cybersecurity strategy is focused on cyber-resilience, the ability to anticipate, withstand, recover from and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks or compromises on systems that use or are enabled by cyber resources. Continuous improvement actions are designed to drive to a zero-trust architecture and a cyber-resilient enterprise. While this cyber-resilience strategy is in place, our systems, and those of our customers, suppliers and other service providers, are subject to cybersecurity incidents. A system disruption could result in business disruption, theft of our intellectual property, trade secrets or customer information and unauthorized access to personnel information. The Company maintains safeguards, including training, incident response reviews, cybersecurity insurance and business continuity mechanisms to protect the Company’s assets. The Company also leverages a third-party cybersecurity program with the goal of minimizing disruption to the business and production operations, strengthening supply chain resilience in response to cyber-related events. To the extent that our business is interrupted, or data is lost, destroyed or inappropriately used or disclosed, such disruptions could significantly and adversely affect our competitive position, relationships with our customers and other stakeholders, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against these disruptions or security breaches in the future.
Superior employs a risk-based vulnerability management process for assessing and managing cybersecurity risk. Utilizing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) cybersecurity framework, the IT team assesses the risk based on the Center for Internet Security Critical Security Controls. The assessment includes the ability to identify, protect, detect, respond and recover from cybersecurity threats and incidents, including threats and incidents associated with the use of services provided by third-party service providers. The risk-based vulnerability management prioritizes action under both an asset context and vulnerability context, considering factors such as asset exposure, potential business effect, threat context, and vulnerabilityseverity.
Business email compromise (“BEC”) continues to be a top threat for cybersecurity risk leading to potential financial loss, data breach or further information systems compromise. Variants and combinations of BEC, including phishing, spear phishing, “adversary in the middle” attacks (i.e., attacks that allow interception of network communications) and, in particular, “zero-day” attacks (i.e., attacks that exploit a previously unknown vulnerability), present a financial, data loss and business continuity risk. The risk of these attacks exists within the Company, within our customer partners and within our vendor partners in the supply chain. BEC prevention is a top focus in our risk-based cyber-resiliency strategy. In addition to BEC, potential vulnerabilities could exist in business systems and associated infrastructure and are mitigated via protocol for managing update “patches”; this protocol is sometimes limited based on the era of legacy systems.
Superior engages cybersecurity partners and consultants to help strengthen its cyber-resiliency program. These engagements include but are not limited to incident response (“IR”) planning and IR retainers, penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, IR plan testing, and advisement and awareness of latest threat vectors.
All of the Company’s global suppliers must comply with its Supplier Code of Conduct (“SCOC”). The SCOC contains certain data security and notification requirements, and the Company explicitly maintains the right to monitor and audit compliance with the SCOC.
Cybersecurity Governance
The Board of Directors maintains overall oversight of cybersecurity risk, and the Audit Committee provides direct oversight of the Company’s activities to prevent, detect and respond to cybersecurity threats. The Chief Information Officer (“CIO”) and a designated system security engineer are the primary responsible management parties to monitor, assess, and manage cybersecurity risk. Our CIO has led global IT organizations for over ten years with direct oversight responsibility for cybersecurity, the global IT landscape and its data integrity. Our security engineer is solely focused on monitoring, assessing, and managing Superior’s cybersecurity breachprevention, detection and management, including the ongoing cybersecurity risk education of our employee base. Our security engineer’s experience includes the design and implementation of IT security systems, tools, and processes, comprehensive security assessments, and the implementation of remediating action plans for detected weaknesses.
Risk is monitored and managed through a combination of vulnerability assessments, continuous monitoring, endpoint protection, incident response planning, security awareness training, regulatory compliance monitoring, and threat intelligence.
Utilizing the NIST cybersecurity framework, the CIO provides quarterly updates to the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risk management, including the Company’s latest risk assessment, action plan status and metrics. The Audit Committee regularly briefs the full Board on these matters. In addition, the CIO provides an annual report to the Board on the Company’s cybersecurity plan and key activities.
Management roles and responsibilities of Superior’s cybersecurity incident management are defined within the Company’s IR plan. The plan includes the formation of the Security Incident Response Team responsible for leadingincident response. In the event of
Table of Contents
specific cybersecurity incidents, defined sub-teams are engaged, as necessary, to monitor the mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. These sub-teams are comprised of cross-functional experts including, but not limited to, legal, accounting, operational and IT leadership and relevant external counsel.
All incidents are prioritized and assessed for materiality. Cybersecurity incidents are reported to relevant stakeholders in accordance with the incident response plan. All notable cybersecurity incidents as well as the number of cybersecurity incidents are reported quarterly to the Board of Directors.
ITEM 2. - PR OPERTIES
Our worldwide headquarters is located in Southfield, Michigan. In our North American operations, we maintain and operate four facilities that manufacture aluminum wheels for the automotive industry. These facilities are located in Chihuahua, Mexico. We own all of our manufacturing facilities in North America. We lease our worldwide headquarters located in Southfield, Michigan and a shared service center in Chihuahua, Mexico.
Our European operations include four locations. The European headquarters is located in Bad Dürkheim, Germany which includes our European management, sales and distribution functions, as well as the logistics center and warehouse for the aftermarket business. The European manufacturing operations are located in Stalowa Wola, Poland and consist of three facilities. Our European business also includes a location in Lüdenscheid, Germany, that supports our research and development in Europe and a shared service center in Krakow, Poland. We own all of our manufacturing facilities in Europe and we lease our Lüdenscheid facility, our European headquarters in Bad Dürkheim, Germany, and our shared service center in Krakow, Poland.
In general, our manufacturing facilities, which have been constructed at various times, are in good operating condition and are adequate to meet our current production capacity requirements. Active maintenance programs keep these facilities in good condition, and we have an active capital spending program to replace equipment as needed to maintain factory reliability and remain technologically competitive on a worldwide basis.
