Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Stitch Fix, Inc.. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.19pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.00pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.39pp
Lean +
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
challenges+7
negatively+5
harm+5
loss+5
adversely+3
Positive rising
successful+2
able+1
greater+1
opportunities+1
gain+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
18,043 words
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
RISK FACTOR SUMMARY
Our business is subject to numerous risks. The following summary highlights some of the risks you should consider with respect to our business and prospects. This summary is not complete and the risks summarized below are not the only risks we face. You should review and consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described in more detail in the “Risk Factors” below, which includes a more complete discussion of the risks summarized here.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
• We have in the past been and may in the future be unable to retain clients or maintain a high level of engagement with our clients and maintain or increase their spending with us, which has and could continue to harm our business, financial condition, or operating results.
• Our growth depends on attracting new clients.
• Risks associated with the sourcing and pricing of merchandise and raw materials, including those related to tariffs and shifting trade policies, could adversely affect our business.
• We rely on paid marketing to help grow our business, but these efforts may not be successful or cost effective, and such expenses and the of our efforts may vary from period to period.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
negatively+2
losses+2
Positive rising
positive+1
improvements+1
MD&A (Item 7)
5,394 words
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”, “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A, and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”).
We use a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday that is closest to July 31 of that year. The fiscal year ending August 2, 2025 (“fiscal 2025”) and July 29, 2023 (“fiscal 2023”) consisted of 52 weeks, and the fiscal year ended August 3, 2024 (“fiscal 2024”) consisted of 53 weeks. Throughout this Annual Report, all references to quarters and years are to our fiscal quarters and fiscal years unless otherwise noted.
In addition, refer to our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations from fiscal 2024 to fiscal 2023 in Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 3, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 25, 2024.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
In 2011, Stitch Fix introduced an innovative approach to shopping for clothing and accessories. We were inspired by the opportunity to create a client-first styling experience, offering an alternative to impersonal, time-consuming and inconvenient traditional shopping. Clients primarily engage with us by (1) receiving a curated shipment of items informed by our algorithms and chosen by a Stitch Fix Stylist (a “Fix”); or (2) purchasing directly from our website or mobile app based on an individualized assortment of outfit and item recommendations (“Freestyle”). For the Fix experience, clients choose to schedule regular shipments or order a Fix on demand. Then, after receiving a Fix, they can purchase the items they want to keep and return the other items, if any.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we ceased operations of our UK business and the accounting requirements for reporting the UK business as a discontinued operation were met. Accordingly, any discussion of historical information in Management’s Discussion and Analysis below reflects the results of the UK business as a discontinued operation, and amounts and disclosures below relate to the Company's continuing operations for all periods presented, unless otherwise noted. Refer to Note 15, “Discontinued Operations” within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report for further details.
FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
For fiscal 2025, we reported $1.3 billion in revenue, net, representing a year-over-year decrease of 5.3%, compared to fiscal 2024. As of August 2, 2025, and August 3, 2024, we had approximately 2,309,000 and 2,508,000 active clients, respectively, representing a year-over-year decline of 7.9%.
During fiscal 2025, we experienced a decline in net revenue year-over-year primarily due to our challenges in acquiring and retaining active clients. In fiscal 2026, we expect broader macroeconomic uncertainty and market conditions to negatively impact consumer discretionary spending, and we will enter the fiscal year with fewer active clients than the start of fiscal 2025. However, we project that positive trends in average order values and the number of items kept per Fix will offset the negative impact of those active client losses on net revenue in fiscal 2026. We remain focused on retaining current clients, attracting new clients, improving the conversion of new visitors to our site and app, and enhancing our overall client experience for new and existing clients.
Net loss from continuing operations for fiscal 2025 was $28.8 million, compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $118.9 million for fiscal 2024.
For more information on the components of net loss from continuing operations for fiscal 2025, refer to the section titled “Results of Operations” below.
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RESTRUCTURING
During fiscal 2025, in furtherance of and as an expansion of the restructuring plan announced in June 2022 (the “2022 Restructuring Plan”), we recorded $1.2 million of additional restructuring charges. As of August 2, 2025, we do not expect any additional cash restructuring charges related to the 2022 Restructuring Plan.
Refer to Note 14, “Restructuring” within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report for further details.
We are continuing to evaluate other fixed and variable operating costs, including further rationalizing our real estate footprint and continuing to optimize and be disciplined in our marketing strategy to better position ourselves for profitability. However, our future results of operations will depend on our ability to successfully navigate current business challenges and the overall macroeconomic environment.
KEY FINANCIAL AND OPERATING METRICS
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We report our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide users of our financial information with additional useful information in evaluating our performance. We believe that adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations (“Adjusted EBITDA”) is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, and that this supplemental measure facilitates comparisons between continuing operations of companies. We believe free cash flow from continuing operations (“Free Cash Flow”) is an important metric because it represents a measure of how much cash from continuing operations we have available for discretionary and non-discretionary items after the deduction of capital expenditures. These non-GAAP financial measures may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are several limitations related to the use of our non-GAAP financial measures as compared to the closest comparable GAAP measures. Some of these limitations include:
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes interest income and other (income) expense, net as these items are not components of our core business;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our provision for income taxes, which may increase or decrease cash available to us;
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes the recurring, non-cash expenses of depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and, although these are non-cash expenses, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future;
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes the non-cash expense of stock-based compensation, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, an important part of how we attract and retain our employees and a significant recurring expense in our business;
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes costs incurred related to discrete restructuring plans and other one-time costs attributable to our continuing operations that are fundamentally different in strategic nature and frequency from ongoing initiatives. We believe exclusion of these items facilitates a more consistent comparison of operating performance over time, however these costs do include cash outflows;
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes non-ordinary course legal fees for specific proceedings that we have determined arise outside of the ordinary course of business and are nonrecurring, infrequent, or unusual; and
• Free Cash Flow does not represent the total residual cash flow available for discretionary purposes and does not reflect our future contractual commitments.
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Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss from continuing operations excluding interest income, other (income) expense, net, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and other one-time costs, and non-ordinary course legal fees related to our continuing operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss from continuing operations, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands)
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Net loss from continuing operations
Add (deduct):
Interest income
Other (income) expense, net
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Depreciation and amortization (1)
Stock-based compensation expense
Restructuring and other one-time costs (2)
Non-ordinary course legal fees (3)
Adjusted EBITDA
(1) For fiscal 2024, “Depreciation and amortization” excluded $12.1 million that was reflected in “Restructuring and other one-time costs”.
(2) Restructuring and other one-time costs includes restructuring charges as described in Note 14, “Restructuring” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. Fiscal 2025 includes $2.0 million in one-time bonuses for certain continuing employees. Fiscal 2024 consists of $6.7 million in one-time professional services fees.
(3) Non-ordinary course legal fees for fiscal 2025 include costs related to a specific class action lawsuit. We estimate we will incur approximately $4.2 million in non-ordinary course legal fees in fiscal 2026 related to said class action lawsuit. Refer to Note 8, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8.
Free Cash Flow
We define Free Cash Flow as cash flows provided by operating activities from continuing operations, reduced by purchases of property and equipment that are included in cash flows from investing activities from continuing operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of net cash flows used in operating activities from continuing operations, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Free Cash Flow for each of the periods presented:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands)
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Free Cash Flow reconciliation:
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations
Deduct:
Purchases of property and equipment
Free Cash Flow
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations
OPERATING METRICS
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Active Clients (in thousands)
Net Revenue per Active Client
Active Clients
We believe that the number of active clients is a key indicator of the overall health of our business. We define an active client as a client who checked out a Fix or was shipped an item via Freestyle in the preceding 52 weeks, measured as of the last day of that period. Clients check out a Fix when they indicate what items they are keeping
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through our mobile application or on our website. We consider each Women’s, Men’s, or Kids account as a client, even if they share the same household. A single person could have multiple accounts and count as multiple active clients. We had approximately 2,309,000 and 2,508,000 active clients as of August 2, 2025, and August 3, 2024, respectively, representing a year-over-year decrease of 7.9%. The decrease in active clients is due to dormant clients outpacing client additions during the year, which we largely attribute to client conversion and retention challenges.
Net Revenue per Active Client
We believe that net revenue per active client is an indicator of client engagement and satisfaction. We calculate net revenue per active client based on net revenue over the preceding four fiscal quarters divided by the number of active clients measured as of the last day of the period. Net revenue per active client was $549 and $533 as of August 2, 2025, and August 3, 2024, respectively, or a year-over-year increase of 3.0%.
FACTORS AFFECTING OUR PERFORMANCE
MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Our business and operating results are subject to national and global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. As the macroeconomic environment is experiencing inflation, recessionaryconcerns, and general uncertainty regarding trade policies, including tariffs and other restrictions, and the overall future political and economic environment, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen. However, we anticipate that broader macroeconomic uncertainty and market conditions will put increased pressure on consumer discretionary spending in fiscal 2026, which may negatively impact our business.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
We leverage our data science to buy and manage our inventory, including merchandise assortment and fulfillment center optimization. Because our merchandise assortment directly correlates to client success, we may at times optimize our inventory to prioritize long-term client success over short-term gross margin impact. To ensure sufficient availability of merchandise, we generally enter into purchase orders well in advance and frequently before apparel trends are confirmed by client purchases. As a result, we are vulnerable to demand and pricing shifts, including due to tariffs, and availability of merchandise at the time of purchase. We incur inventory write-offs and changes in inventory reserves that impact our gross margins. Moreover, our inventory investments will fluctuate with the needs of our business.
CLIENT ACQUISITION AND ENGAGEMENT
To grow our business, we must continue to acquire clients and successfully engage and retain them. Our marketing strategy aims to preserve liquidity and achieveprofitability, while simultaneously attracting long-term clients to fuel a return to growth. We utilize both digital and offline channels to attract new visitors to our website or mobile app and subsequently convert them into clients. Our marketing costs are largely composed of advertising, client referrals, and public relations expenses. At any given time, our advertising efforts may include social media marketing, keyword search campaigns, affiliate programs, partnerships, campaigns with celebrities and influencers, display advertising, television, radio, video, content, direct mail, email, mobile “push” communications, SMS, and search engine optimization. Our marketing expenses have varied from period to period and we expect this trend to continue.
Marketing expense is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The largest component of our marketing expense is advertising, which was $117.3 million and $111.4 million for fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024. We will continue to be methodical about our approach when we are making advertising decisions, and may adjust our spending up or down based on performance.
OPERATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
We intend to leverage our data science and deep understanding of our clients’ needs to make targeted investments in technology and product, including continued integration of AI into internal business processes and client facing experiences.
MERCHANDISE MIX
We offer apparel, shoes, and accessories across categories, brands, product types, and price points. We currently serve our clients in the following categories: Women’s, Petite, Maternity, Men’s, Plus, and Kids. We carry a mix of third-party branded merchandise, including premium brands, and our own Owned Private Label Brands. We also
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offer a wide variety of product types, including denim, dresses, blouses, skirts, shoes, jewelry, and handbags. We sell merchandise across a broad range of price points and may further broaden our price point offerings in the future.
Historically, changes in our merchandise mix have not caused significant fluctuations in our gross margin; however, categories, brands, product types, and price points do have a range of margin profiles. For example, our Owned Private Label Brands have generally contributed higher margins than our third-party brands, which have generally contributed lower margins. We continue to evolve our merchandise mix to improve the client experience and attract new active clients. Shifts in merchandise mix will result in fluctuations in our gross margin from period to period.
COMPONENTS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
REVENUE
We generate revenue from the sale of merchandise through our Fix and Freestyle offerings. With our Fix offering, we charge a nonrefundable upfront fee, referred to as a “styling fee,” that is credited towards any merchandise purchased. We offer Style Pass to provide select U.S. clients with an alternative to paying a styling fee per Fix. Style Pass clients pay a nonrefundable annual fee for unlimited styling that is credited towards merchandise purchases. We deduct discounts, sales tax, and estimated refunds to arrive at net revenue, which we refer to as revenue throughout this Annual Report. We also recognize revenue resulting from estimated breakage income on gift cards.
COST OF GOODS SOLD
Cost of goods sold consists of the costs of merchandise, expenses for inbound freight and shipping to and from clients, inventory write-offs and changes in our inventory reserve, payment processing fees, and packaging materials costs, offset by the recoverable cost of merchandise estimated to be returned. We expect our cost of goods sold to increase in fiscal 2026 if tariffs are sustained at heightened levels. We also expect fluctuations in our cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue primarily due to how we manage our inventory and merchandise mix. Our classification of cost of goods sold may vary from other companies in our industry and may not be comparable.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Selling, general, and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) consist primarily of compensation and benefits costs, including stock-based compensation expense, for our employees including our Stylists, fulfillment center operations, data analytics, merchandising, engineering, marketing, client experience, and corporate personnel. SG&A also includes marketing and advertising costs, third-party logistics costs, facility costs for our fulfillment centers and office, professional service fees, information technology costs, and depreciation and amortization expense. As a result of our restructuring and cost reduction actions from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2025, we expect SG&A as a percentage of revenue in fiscal 2026 to continue to decrease as compared to fiscal 2025. Our classification of certain components within SG&A may vary from other companies in our industry and may not be comparable.
INTEREST INCOME
Interest income is generated from our cash, cash equivalents, and investments in available-for-sale securities.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
Our provision for income taxes from continuing operations consists of an estimate of federal and state income taxes based on enacted federal and state tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, and changes in the valuation of our net federal and state deferred tax assets.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table summarizes our financial results from continuing operations:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands)
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Change
Revenue, net
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general, and administrative expenses
Operating loss
Interest income
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net loss from continuing operations
The components of our results from continuing operations as a percentage of revenue were as follows:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Revenue, net
Cost of goods sold
Gross margin
Selling, general, and administrative expenses
Operating loss
Interest income
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net loss from continuing operations
Note: Due to rounding, percentages in this table may not sum to totals.
REVENUE AND GROSS MARGIN
Revenue in fiscal 2025 decreased by $70.3 million, or 5.3%, compared to fiscal 2024, which included a $21.6 million impact of an extra week. Excluding the impact of an extra week, revenue in fiscal 2025 decreased by $48.7 million or 3.7%, compared to fiscal 2024. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to a 7.9% decrease in active clients from August 3, 2024, to August 2, 2025, which led to a decrease in sales of merchandise. Partially offsetting the revenue decline was an improvement in net revenue per active client, which was driven by higher average order values with the number of items kept by our clients per Fix increasing, and higher average unit retail prices.
Gross margin for fiscal 2025 increased by 10 basis points compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily driven by higher average order values and transportation leverage due to improvements in carrier mix and rate negotiations with key carriers that offset some of the impact of rising shipping costs, partially offset by lower product margins.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
SG&A in fiscal 2025 decreased by $123.6 million, compared to fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower compensation and benefits expense including lower stock-based compensation expense, lower facilities costs, and lower depreciation and amortization expense, largely driven by our restructuring actions, partially offset by higher advertising spend.
SG&A as a percentage of revenue decreased to 47.5% for fiscal 2025, compared to 54.2% for fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower compensation and benefits expense including lower stock-based
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compensation expense, lower facilities costs, and lower depreciation and amortization expense, largely driven by our restructuring actions, as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by higher advertising spend as a percentage of revenue.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The following table summarizes our effective tax rate from loss from continuing operations for the periods presented:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate
Our provision for income taxes increased in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024, primarily due to a decrease in pretax losses, partially offset by a decrease in the reversal of stock-based compensation expenses.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents, investments, cash flows from continuing operations, and borrowing capacity under our credit facility. As of August 2, 2025, we had $114.0 million of cash and cash equivalents attributable to continuing operations, and $128.8 million of investments. As of August 2, 2025, we had repatriated our remaining cash held outside of the U.S. in the UK.
Credit Facility
On December 4, 2023, we entered into a first lien credit agreement with Citibank, N.A., as agent and lender, which provides for a $50.0 million revolving credit facility maturing on December 4, 2026 (the “2023 Credit Facility”). The 2023 Credit Facility includes a sub-facility that provides for the issuance of letters of credit in an amount of up to $30.0 million. Availability of the 2023 Credit Facility is based upon a borrowing base formula and periodic borrowing base certifications valuing certain of our accounts receivable, credit card receivables, and inventory as reduced by certain reserves, if any. Our borrowing availability based on balances as of August 2, 2025, was $50.0 million, and our excess availability was $31.3 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit, and no outstanding borrowing.
For information on the terms of the 2023 Credit Facility, refer to Note 7, “Credit Facility” within the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
USES OF CASH
Our primary uses of cash include operating costs such as merchandise purchases, lease obligations, compensation and benefits, marketing, and other expenditures necessary to support our business.
We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, investment balances, and the borrowing available under our 2023 Credit Facility, if needed, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months and beyond.
SHARE REPURCHASES
In January 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock, with no expiration date (the “2022 Repurchase Program”). We may repurchase shares from time to time through open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased in the future will be determined by the Company in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including price, trading volume, market conditions, and other general business conditions. Repurchases will be funded from the Company’s existing cash and cash equivalents or future cash flow. The repurchase program may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time. During fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, the Company made no repurchases of Class A common stock. As of August 2, 2025, the Company had repurchased an aggregate 2,302,141 shares of Class A common stock for $30.0 million, and $120.0 million remained available under the 2022 Repurchase Program authorization.
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CASH FLOWS
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated below:
For the Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands)
August 2, 2025
August 3, 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
During fiscal 2025, cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $25.6 million, which consisted of a net loss from continuing operations of $28.8 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $87.2 million and change in net operating assets and liabilities of $32.8 million. The non-cash charges were primarily driven by $56.7 million of stock-based compensation expense and $26.1 million of depreciation, amortization, and accretion. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $24.8 million increase in gross inventory balances due to higher inventory receipts.
During the fiscal 2024, cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $28.2 million, which consisted of a net loss from continuing operations of $118.9 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $124.6 million and a $22.5 million change in net operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges were primarily driven by $76.8 million of stock-based compensation expense and $44.5 million of depreciation, amortization, and accretion, $19.3 million of asset impairment, partially offset by $15.1 million of changes in inventory reserves. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $47.7 million change in gross inventory balances due to a decline in inventory receipts to bring inventory balances in line with current demand.
CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
During fiscal 2025, cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $59.1 million. This was due to purchases of securities available-for-sale of $197.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $16.3 million, partially offset by sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities of $155.1 million.
During the fiscal 2024, cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $78.7 million. This was primarily due to purchases of securities available-for-sale of $97.3 million and purchases of property and equipment of $14.0 million, partially offset by the maturities of available-for-sale securities of $32.2 million.
CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
During fiscal 2025, cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $15.0 million primarily due to payments for tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units of $16.0 million.
During the fiscal 2024, cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $15.5 million, primarily due to payments for tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units of $16.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $1.0 million.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OTHER COMMITMENTS
Our most significant contractual obligations relate to purchase commitments of inventory and operating lease obligations related to our fulfillment centers and corporate office. As of August 2, 2025, we had remaining commitments of $138.4 million for inventory purchases, predominantly due within one year, and $63.7 million for other service agreements due over the next one to three years.
For information on our contractual obligations for operating leases and other obligations, refer to Note 4, “Leases” and Note 8 “Commitments and Contingencies”, respectively, within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The critical accounting estimates and judgments that we believe to have the most significant impacts to our consolidated financial statements are described below.
INVENTORY, NET
Inventory, net consists of finished goods which are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in-first-out (“FIFO”) method. We establish a reserve for excess and slow-moving inventory we expect to write off or sell below cost as liquidations based on historical trends, which considers factors such as the age of the inventory and sell through rate for a particular item. In addition, we estimate and accrue shrinkage as a percentage of inventory out to the client and also accrue for damaged items and items we intend to liquidate. Estimates are made to reduce the inventory value for lost, stolen, damaged, or liquidated items to net realizable value. If actual experience differs significantly from our estimates due to changes in client merchandise preferences, client demand, or economic conditions, additional inventory write-downs may be required which could adversely affect our operating results. A 10% change in our inventory reserves estimate as of August 2, 2025, would result in a change in reserves of approximately $2.8 million.
We have not made any material changes to our assumptions included in the calculations of the lower of cost or net realizable value reserves during fiscal 2025 or 2024.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We grant stock options to our employees and members of our Board of Directors, and recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of such awards at grant date.
We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires us to use certain estimates and assumptions such as:
• Expected volatility of our common stock—based on an even blend of historical and implied volatility of our common stock;
• Expected term of our stock options—the period that our stock options are expected to be outstanding based on historical averages.
• Expected dividend yield—as we have not paid and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock, our expected dividend yield is 0%; and
• Risk-free interest rates—based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon notes in effect at the grant date with maturities equal to the expected terms of the options granted.
We record stock-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures so that expense is recorded for only the stock options that we expect to vest. We estimate forfeitures based on our historical forfeiture of stock options. We will revise our estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differ materially from our initial estimates.
We will continue to use judgment in evaluating assumptions related to our stock-based compensation expense. As we continue to accumulate data related to our common stock, we may have refinements to our estimates and assumptions which could impact our future stock-based compensation expense.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes, discounts, and estimated refunds. We record a refund reserve based on our historical refund patterns. The impact of our refund reserve on our operating results may fluctuate based on changes in client refund activity over time.
We also sell gift cards to clients and establish a liability based on the face value of such gift cards. If a gift card is not used, we will recognize estimated gift card breakage revenue proportionately to customer usage of gift cards over the expected gift card usage period, subject to requirements to remit balances to governmental agencies.
We have not made any material changes to our revenue recognition accounting policies during fiscal 2025 or 2024.
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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For recent accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
• If we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
• Operational constraints at our fulfillment centers or our failure to adequately and effectively staff our fulfillment centers could adversely affect our client experience and operating results.
• Shipping is a critical part of our business and any changes in our shipping arrangements or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our operating results.
• We may not be able to return to or maintain revenue growth and we may not be profitable in the future.
• If we fail to effectively manage our transformation or other business strategies, our financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
• If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, effectively manage succession, or hire, develop, and motivate our employees, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
• Our business depends on a strong brand and we may not be able to maintain our brand and reputation.
• If we fail to effectively manage our Stylists, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
• If we are unable to acquire new merchandise vendors or retain existing merchandise vendors, our operating results may be harmed.
• Our client metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may reduce the perceived usefulness and reliability of the metric and harm our stock price.
• We may incur significant losses from fraud.
• Our real estate leases subject us to various financial risks.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INDUSTRY, THE MARKET, AND THE ECONOMY
• We rely on consumer discretionary spending and may be adversely affected by economic downturns and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.
• Our industry is highly competitive and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
• Our operating results have been, and could be in the future, adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, or other catastrophic events.
CYBERSECURITY, LEGAL, AND REGULATORY RISKS
• System interruptions that impair client access to our website or other performance failures in our technology infrastructure could damage our business.
• Compromises of our data security or that of our third-party service providers could cause us to incur unexpected expenses and liability, and may materially harm our reputation and operating results.
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• Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.
• Adverselitigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we are or may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.
• Any failure by us or our vendors to comply with product safety, labor, or other laws, or our standard vendor terms and conditions, or to provide safe factory conditions for our or their workers, may damage our reputation and brand, and harm our business.
• Our use of personal information, personal data, and sensitive information subjects us to numerous and evolving privacy and security laws and other obligations (such as cybersecurity and data protection in contracts), and our compliance with or failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
• Unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with evolving internet and eCommerce regulations could substantially harm our business and operating results.
• If the use of “cookie” tracking technologies is further restricted, regulated, or blocked, or if changes in technology cause cookies to become less reliable or acceptable as a means of tracking consumer behavior, the amount or accuracy of internet user information we collect would decrease, which could harm our business and operating results.
• If we cannot successfully protect our intellectual property, our business would suffer.
RISKS RELATING TO TAXES
• Changes in U.S. tax or tariff policy regarding goods produced in other countries could adversely affect our business.
• We could be required to collect additional sales taxes or be subject to other tax liabilities that may increase the costs our clients would have to pay for our offering and adversely affect our operating results.
• Federal income tax reform could have unforeseen effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
• We may be subject to additional tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results.
• Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
RISKS RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK
• The market price of our Class A common stock may continue to be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations. You may lose all or part of your investment.
• Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.
• The dual class structure of our common stock concentrates voting control with certain significant shareholders, including our current and former directors, executive officers, and their affiliates, and may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.
• We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation of the value of our Class A common stock.
• Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
• Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
• Future securities sales and issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our Class A common stock.
• If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy of our reported financial information and this may lead to a decline in our stock price.
• We may not be able to generate sufficient capital to support and grow our business, and outside capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), and in our other public filings. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements and estimates that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specific factors, including the risks and uncertainties described below.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
We have in the past been and may in the future be unable to retain clients or maintain a high level of engagement with our clients and maintain or increase their spending with us, which has and could continue to harm our business, financial condition, or operating results.
If our existing clients no longer find our service and merchandise appealing or appropriately priced, they may make fewer purchases or may stop using Stitch Fix altogether. Even if our existing clients continue to find our service and merchandise appealing, they may decide to receive fewer Fixes or purchase fewer items from their Fixes or through Freestyle as their demand for new apparel declines, due to macroeconomic conditions, or for other reasons. A high proportion of our revenue comes from repeat purchases by existing clients, especially those existing clients who are highly engaged and purchase a significant amount of merchandise from us. If clients who receive Fixes most frequently or purchase a significant amount of merchandise from us make fewer or lower priced purchases or stop using our service altogether, our financial results will be negatively affected. For instance, as of the end of fiscal 2023, fiscal 2024, and fiscal 2025, our number of active clients decreased compared to the prior year period due to our inability to attract new clients and retain existing clients. This negatively affected our revenue for these periods and is expected to continue to negatively affect our revenue.
We seek to attract high-quality clients who will remain clients for the long term, but our efforts may not be successful or produce the results we anticipate. For example, if we are not able to engage new clients effectively so they continue receiving Fixes after their first few tries, our number of active clients will continue to suffer. Our inability to attract and keep high-quality clients engaged, a continued decrease in our number of active clients, or a decrease in client spending has in the past negatively affected and could continue to negatively affect our operating results.
Our growth depends on attracting new clients.
Our success depends on our ability to attract new clients in a cost-effective manner. To expand our client base, we must appeal to and acquire clients who have historically used other means to purchase apparel, shoes, and accessories, such as traditional brick-and-mortar retailers or other online retailers. We currently utilize both digital and offline channels to attract new visitors to our website or mobile app and convert them into clients. At any given time, our marketing and advertising efforts may include client referrals, social media marketing, keyword search campaigns, affiliate programs, partnerships, campaigns with celebrities and influencers, display advertising, television, radio, video, content, direct mail, email, mobile “push” communications, SMS, and search engine optimization. Our marketing expenses have varied from period to period, and we expect this trend to continue as we evolve our marketing strategies and employ a disciplined approach to marketing spend. We cannot be certain that increases in marketing spend will yield more clients, achieve meaningful payback on our investments, or be cost effective. We may also adjust our marketing strategy or decrease spend within a period if we are not achieving the intended results or if we believe the return-on-investment is not favorable, which may result in faster or slower rates of active client growth in any given period.
In addition, we seek to attract and retain clients by offering new products, services, and ways to engage with our platform. If such new products or services are not timely or successfully launched or are not successful in attracting new clients, our sales may fall short of expectations, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected, and our results of operations may suffer. Developing new offerings requires significant investments of resources and time, and if a new offering is not successful, or is delayed or not executed well, our operating results could be negatively impacted. Expansion of our offerings may also strain our management and operational resources, which could damage our reputation, limit our growth, and have an adverse effect on our operating results.
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Risks associated with the sourcing and pricing of merchandise and raw materials, including those related to tariffs and shifting trade policies, could adversely impact our business.
We currently source nearly all of our merchandise from third-party vendors, many of whom use manufacturers in the same geographic region, with the majority of manufacturing in China. As a result, we are subject to price increases or fluctuations, inflationary pressures, tariffs, demand disruptions, increased shipping or freight costs, or shipping delays in connection with our merchandise. Increased shipping or freight costs or shipping and freight delays could be caused or exacerbated by labor disputes, shortages, or strikes, inclement weather, fire, flood, power loss, earthquakes, public health crises such as a pandemic, acts of war or terrorism, and periods of high e-commerce volume. Our operating results have been negatively impacted by increases in the cost of our merchandise, and costs may rise further.
Recent trade policies and uncertainty related thereto, including with respect to tariffs and other restrictions, particularly with respect to China in addition to other countries from which we source our merchandise and raw materials, have created a dynamic and unpredictable trade landscape, which has and may continue to adversely impact our business and operations. For example, since May 2025, the U.S. government has imposed significant incremental tariffs on a broad range of goods imported from China, including the apparel we source. Certain of these tariffs are subject to legal and other challenges, the outcome of which could further change the tariff rate, including with respect to China. Tariffs and international trade arrangements will continue to change, potentially without warning and to an extent or duration that is difficult to predict. Changing tariff rates and shifting trade policies have created significant uncertainty for vendors, consumers, and us. If tariffs from countries from which we source products are sustained at heightened levels, it will further increase our merchandise costs, may result in increased prices for our clients, and may negatively impact our margins and consumer demand for our products and services, any of which could harm our competitive position or otherwise negatively impact our operating results. Moreover, tariff and other trade-related cost pressures and supply chain disruptions may lead to reputational harm if we are unable to deliver our products or services on expected timelines. We may not be able to forecast such impacts accurately. Further, our efforts to mitigate the impacts of tariffs, which include diversifying the countries of origin for our inventory, are time-consuming and costly, and may not be effective.
Additionally, the fabrics used by our vendors are made of raw materials including, but not limited to, petroleum-based products, linen, and cotton. Significant price increases or fluctuations, trade policies, including tariffs and trade restrictions, currency volatility or fluctuation, shortages, increases in shipping or freight costs, or shipping delays of petroleum, cotton, linen, or other raw materials could significantly increase our cost of goods sold or affect our operating results. We have also experienced increased costs of goods due to increases in the price of raw materials, inflationary pressures, rising fuel and other energy costs, and currency volatility. Any additional price increases will affect our operating results.
Other factors such as natural disasters have in the past increased raw material costs, impacted pricing with certain of our vendors, and caused shipping delays for certain of our merchandise. Also, the U.S. government’s ban on cotton imported from the Xinjiang region of China, the source of a large portion of the world’s cotton supply, has and may further impact prices and the availability of cotton for our merchandise. Additionally, our products and materials (including potentially non-cotton materials) could be held for inspection by the United States Customs Border Protection (the “U.S. CBP”), which would cause delays and unexpectedly affect our inventory levels. In addition, the labor costs to produce our products have and may continue to fluctuate. In the event of a significant disruption in the supply of fabrics or raw materials used in the manufacture of the merchandise we offer, our vendors might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price. Any delays, interruption, damage to, or increased costs in raw materials or the manufacture of the merchandise we offer could result in higher prices to acquire the merchandise, or non-delivery of merchandise altogether, and could adversely affect our operating results.
In addition, we cannot guarantee that merchandise we receive from vendors will be of sufficient quality or free from damage, or that such merchandise will not be damaged during shipping, while stored in one of our fulfillment centers, or when returned by clients. While we take measures to ensure merchandise quality and avoid damage, we cannot control merchandise while it is out of our possession. We may incur additional expenses and our reputation could be harmed if clients and potential clients believe that our merchandise is not of high quality or may be damaged.
We rely on paid marketing to help grow our business, but these efforts may not be successful or cost effective, and such expenses and the success of our efforts may vary from period to period.
Promoting awareness of our service is important to our ability to grow our business, drive client engagement, and attract new clients. At any given time, our marketing and advertising efforts may include, client referrals, social
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media marketing, keyword search campaigns, affiliate programs, partnerships, campaigns with celebrities and influencers, display advertising, television, radio, video, content, direct mail, email, mobile “push” communications, SMS, and search engine optimization. External factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions and decreased discretionary consumer spending, have impacted and may in the future impact the success of our marketing initiatives or how much we decide to spend on marketing in a given period. We adjust our marketing activity from period to period or within a period as we launch new initiatives or offerings, run tests, or make decisions on marketing investments in response to anticipated rates of return, such as when we identify favorable cost per acquisition trends. W e have seen increased costs in certain digital marketing channels and our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive; generating a meaningful return on those initiatives may be difficult. Even if we successfully increase revenue as a result of our paid marketing efforts, it may not offset the additional marketing expenses we incur .
We currently obtain a significant number of visits to our websites via organic search engine results. Search engines frequently change the algorithms that determine the ranking and display of results of a user’s search, which could reduce the number of organic visits to our websites, in turn reducing new client acquisition and adversely affecting our operating results. Social networks are important as a source of new clients and as a means by which to connect with current clients, and their importance may be increasing. We may be unable to effectively maintain a presence within these networks, which could lead to lower than anticipated brand affinity and awareness, and in turn could adversely affect our operating results.
Further, mobile operating system and web browser providers, such as Apple and Google, limit the ability of advertisers to collect and use data to target and measure advertising. For example, Apple requires apps to get a user’s opt-in permission before tracking a user or sharing the user’s data across apps or websites owned by companies other than the app’s owner. Google has also taken actions to give users the option to accept cookies or not. These changes have reduced and will continue to reduce our ability to efficiently target and measure advertising, in particular through online social networks, making our advertising less cost effective and successful. We expect to continue to be impacted by these changes.
With respect to our email marketing efforts, if we are unable to successfully deliver emails to our clients or if clients do not engage with our emails, whether out of choice, because those emails are marked as low priority or spam, or for other reasons, our business could be adversely affected.
If we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
To ensure timely delivery of merchandise, we generally enter into purchase contracts well in advance of a particular season and often before apparel trends are confirmed by client purchases. As a result, we are vulnerable to demand and pricing shifts and to suboptimal selection and timing of merchandise purchases. We rely on our merchandising team to order styles and products that our clients will purchase and we rely on our data science to recommend which styles to re-buy and the depth of those re-buy purchases. We have not always predicted demand and clients’ preferences with accuracy, which has negatively impacted revenue or resulted in significant write-offs when we have sub-optimal inventory assortment. For instance, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we experienced weaker consumer demand, which caused us to have higher inventory levels and increased inventory reserves that affected our financial results.
In fiscal 2024, we closed two fulfillment centers, as we believe our inventory is better optimized across a smaller network of warehouses and allows us to deliver a better client experience with access to a greater breadth inventory for a given Fix, while at the same time operating with lower, more cash efficient, inventory levels. This smaller inventory base and our focus on inventory efficiency creates increased risk related to inventory assortment. If we experience sub-optimal inventory assortment to meet demand, it may affect revenue in current and future quarters. If we do not predict client demand accurately, do not reorder or write off the right products in a timely manner, or otherwise do not effectively manage our inventory, we may experience significant inventory write-offs or insufficient inventory to meet demand, which would adversely affect our operating results.
Additionally, many of our inventory vendors utilize third parties to provide financing and credit protection that enables them to produce and ship our items. While we do not manage the relationships with our vendors and their financial intermediaries, the tightening of credit markets, as well as our recent operating results, have put pressure on some of our vendors’ ability to secure that financing and credit protection, and may continue to do so in the future. This may impact our ability to receive inventory and manage our assortment.
Our inventory levels also may be affected by product launch delays, consumer demand fluctuations due to macroeconomic factors, uncertainty or otherwise, disruptions in our systems due to upgrades, launches or otherwise, freight delays, vendor relationships, capacity constraints, and our inability to predict demand with respect to categories or products. For example, freight delays caused by lockdowns due to COVID-19, port closures, port
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congestion, and shipping container and ship shortages have caused us to experience delays in receiving inventory. Freight delays caused by these issues or new issues, including labor disruptions or shortages, or surges in cargo shipments in response to changing trade policy, may affect us in future quarters. Also, in the past we have experienced challenges managing our inventory within the fulfillment centers given storage capacity constraints and challenges hiring fulfillment center employees. Any future such challenges could affect the amount and types of inventory we have available to offer to clients, and therefore negatively affect our operating results.
Operational constraints at our fulfillment centers or our failure to adequately and effectively staff our fulfillment centers could adversely affect our client experience and operating results.
We currently receive and distribute merchandise at three fulfillment centers. Prior to the closures of our Dallas, Texas and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania fulfillment centers, we operated five fulfillment centers in the United States. While we believe three fulfillment centers is the appropriate number to provide the greatest breadth and depth of inventory to our clients and Stylists and will allow us to service the same number of existing clients with lower inventory levels, this decreased fulfillment system could cause operational constraints or decreased capacity that could affect our client experience or revenue. Additionally, we may experience operational issues as we continue to transition to our new fulfillment center model which could affect our client experience and financial results.
Severe weather events, including earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, storms, extreme winter weather, and other adverse weather events and climate conditions could also cause operational constraints or temporarily reduce our ability to ship merchandise to clients. For instance, the severe winter weather and temperatures experienced in Texas and other parts of the country in February 2021 caused us to temporarily close two of our fulfillment centers and affected the shipping of merchandise in and out of our fulfillment centers. Future weather events, which we expect to become more frequent and more severe with the increasing effects of climate change, could have a significant impact on our operations and results of operations. Additionally, the impact of such weather events affecting one or more fulfillment centers may be exacerbated due to the fact that we have fewer fulfillment centers to continue operations during such a closure and therefore each individual fulfillment center represents a larger portion of our overall business. Moreover, following our move to three fulfillment centers, each of our Men’s and Kids lines are shipped out of one fulfillment center only. If a fulfillment center that houses the entirety of one of those lines is forced to close or is damaged, it would affect shipments to all of those clients and negatively affect our client experience and operating results. Further, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we temporarily closed three of our fulfillment centers and implemented changes that resulted in operational constraints, which in turn temporarily reduced our ability to ship merchandise to clients and earn revenue. Any future pandemics may negatively affect capacity at our fulfillment centers.
We have experienced difficulty hiring and retaining employees in our fulfillment centers, which in the past we attributed to COVID-19 concerns and to increased competition and rising wages for eCommerce fulfillment center workers. To address this, we increased wages in our fulfillment centers and implemented other policies in order to be more competitive in hiring and retaining employees. These wage increases impacted our operating results. Hiring and retention of employees in our warehouses is a continuing challenge as demand for eCommerce fulfillment center workers remains high. We may have to increase wages for our fulfillment center employees or spend money on additional employee recruiting or retention programs, which would impact our operating results. In the past, these hiring difficulties caused capacity constraints in our fulfillment centers and could in the future cause capacity constraints. Capacity constraints in our fulfillment centers could affect the amount and types of inventory we have available to offer to clients, which will affect our results of operations. Any capacity constraints due to hiring difficulties may be exacerbated due to the fact that we have fewer fulfillment centers than we once did. If we are unable to adequately staff our fulfillment centers to meet demand, or if the cost of such staffing is higher than projected due to competition, mandated wage increases, regulatory changes, or other factors, our operating results will be further harmed.
In addition, operating fulfillment centers comes with potential risks, such as workplace safety issues and employment claims for the failure or allegedfailure to comply with labor laws or laws respecting union organizing activities. Furthermore, if we fail to comply or allegedlyfail to comply with wage and hour laws for our nonexempt employees, many of whom work in our fulfillment centers, we could be subject to legal risk, including claims for back wages, unpaid overtime pay, and missed meal and rest periods, which could be on a class or representative basis. Any such issues may result in delays in shipping times, reduced packing quality, or costlylitigation, and our reputation and operating results may be harmed.
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Shipping is a critical part of our business and any changes in our shipping arrangements or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our operating results.
If we are not able to negotiate acceptable pricing and other terms with our client-facing shipping vendors or our freight vendors, or our shipping or freight vendors experience performance problems or other difficulties, it could negatively impact our operating results and our clients’ experience. In addition, our ability to receive inbound inventory efficiently, ship merchandise to clients, and receive returned merchandise from clients may be negatively affected by inclement weather, fire, flood, power loss, earthquakes, public health crises, labor disputes, shortages, or strikes, acts of war or terrorism, periods of high eCommerce volume, such as holiday seasons, port congestion, and similar factors. Due to our business model and the fact that we recognize revenue from Fixes when a client checks out items, rather than when Fixes are shipped, we may be impacted by shipping delays to a greater extent than our competitors. Additionally, delays in shipping may cause an auto-ship client’s subsequent Fixes to be scheduled for a later date, as their next Fix is not scheduled until their checkout is complete. In the second quarter of fiscal 2021, we experienced carrier and client shipping delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased strain on our shipping partners during the holiday season. These delays affected our ability to recognize revenue within the quarter, and we may in the future experience these delays and the resulting impact to our financial results, including potentially during future holiday seasons. In the past, strikes at major international shipping ports have impacted our supply of inventory from our vendors and severe weather events have resulted in long delivery delays and Fix cancellations. Additionally, some of our merchandise may be damaged or lost during transit with our shipping vendors. If a greater portion of our merchandise is not delivered in a timely fashion or is damaged or lost during transit, it could adversely affect our operating results or could cause our clients to become dissatisfied and cease using our services, which would adversely affect our business.
We may not be able to return to and maintain revenue growth and we may not be profitable in the future.
Our past revenue growth and profitability should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Our revenue decreased by 5.3% in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024, decreased by 16.0% in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, and decreased by 21.1% in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. Although our net revenue increased 0.7% year-over-year in Q3 of fiscal 2025, there is no guarantee that we will return to full-year revenue growth or maintain such growth. Our revenue may decline in future periods due to a number of factors, which may include our inability to attract and retain clients, general economic conditions, including a recession or decreased discretionary consumer spending, decreases in marketing spend, a decreased demand for our merchandise and service, increased competition, decreases in the growth rate of our overall market, or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities.
We announced a restructuring plan in June 2022, which we expanded throughout fiscal 2023, fiscal 2024, and fiscal 2025, intended to reduce our future fixed and variable operating costs. While we have realized some cost savings from the restructuring plan, our efforts may not adequately reduce expenses or impact our results as we anticipate. Moreover, our expenses may increase, particularly as we develop and introduce new merchandise offerings, including the re-imagination of our client experience, need to hire and retain personnel, or increase investment in our marketing initiatives. We may not always pursue short-term profits but are often focused on long-term growth, which may impact our short-term financial results. If our revenue does not increase to offset increases in our operating expenses, we may not be profitable in future periods.
If we fail to effectively manage our transformation or other business strategies, our financial condition and operating results could be harmed.
We must continue to implement our operational plans and strategies, and improve our infrastructure of people and technology. Additionally, we expect to continue to introduce new offerings, business strategies and initiatives, and improve on existing offerings. We are in the midst of a transformation to strengthen the foundation of our business and to reimagine the client experience. This includes embedding retail best practices across the enterprise, identifying operational efficiencies, and ensuring we have the right organizational structure in place to enable our future success. We are also taking a holistic approach to rethink how our clients engage with Stitch Fix, which includes introducing more flexibility into our service through new features. This transformation requires investments of time and resources and has included and will continue to include changes in our website, branding, mobile apps, information technology systems, and processes. We cannot guarantee that we will successfully implement all aspects of our transformation plan in the expected timeframe or at all, or that we will achieve or sustain the expected financial and operational results of our transformation plan. Additionally, if our reimagined client experience, new offerings, or rebranding does not resonate with current or future clients, it could cause us to lose clients and may negatively impact our financial results. If we do not realize the expected benefits of these transformation initiatives or experience additional unexpected costs in connection with the transformation, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow could be negatively impacted.
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Additionally, as we continue to implement these changes and introduce future business strategies and initiatives, our operations, vendor base, fulfillment centers, information technology systems, or internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our changing operations. Any change or upgrade to our systems to support the increasing complexity of our business involves risk and we may experience problems or delays as we make upgrades or changes to our systems. For example, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we experienced technical issues following a systems upgrade to our procure-to-pay processes which affected the transmission, receipt, and reconciliation of purchase orders and payments with many of our apparel and accessory vendors. Additionally, if the impact of these initiatives is more or less successful than we expected, it could affect our inventory management, resulting in inventory shortages or excess inventory in the case of significant underperformance. If we are unable to manage the transformation and potential growth of our organization effectively or if our strategies do not produce the anticipated results, or cause unanticipated issues, our business, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected.
If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, effectively manage succession, or hire, develop, and motivate our employees, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
Our success depends in part on our ability to attract and retain key personnel on our management team and in our merchandising, algorithms, engineering, marketing, styling, and other organizations. We do not currently maintain key-person life insurance policies on any member of our senior management team or other key employees.
We do not have long-term employment or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. We have had senior employees leave Stitch Fix, including the departure of our Chief Merchandising Officer and Chief Accounting Officer in 2024, and cannot necessarily anticipate when this will happen in the future and whether we will be able to promptly replace such employees. Additionally, in January 2023, the Company and Elizabeth Spaulding, the Company’s then-current Chief Executive Officer, agreed that she would step down from her employment with the Company. The Board of Directors appointed Katrina Lake, the Company’s Founder and Executive Chairperson of the Board of Directors, as interim Chief Executive Officer. Ms. Lake served in that position until Matt Baer joined as Chief Executive Officer in June 2023. Additional changes in our management team and senior leadership could cause retention and morale concerns among current employees, as well as operational risks. Such risks could impact the Company’s ability to effectively implement the Company’s strategic plans, including our transformation strategy, it could disrupt our business, affect our Company culture, cause employee retention issues, and affect our financial condition and operating results. Additionally, the loss of one or more of our key personnel or the inability to promptly identify a suitable successor to a key role could have an adverse effect on our business.
We have experienced and may in the future experience increased employee turnover as a result of the general market conditions and a competitive talent market within the U.S., as well as Company-specific factors, such as share price decline, business performance, and leadership changes. We announced a restructuring plan in June 2022 that reduced our workforce and announced a further reduction in force in January 2023. In June 2023, we announced the closure of two fulfillment centers and in August 2023, we made the decision to exit our UK business and wind down its operations. I n January 2024, we implemented an organization realignment that resulted in the further elimination of styling leadership and corporate positions, as well as moved all of our Stylists into part-time positions. In October 2024, we implemented an additional organizational realignment which further eliminated certain corporate positions. These reductions in workforce and changes in our operations may cause additional attrition and affect employee morale, including in our Stylist organization. Additionally, as we are operating our business with fewer employees, we face additional risk that we might not be able to execute on our strategic plans and product roadmap, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
We also face significant competition for personnel, particularly in our technology and product organizations. To attract top talent, we have had to offer, and believe we will need to continue to offer, competitive compensation and benefits packages before we can validate the productivity of those employees.
We cannot be sure that we will be able to attract, retain, and motivate a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future, or that the compensation costs of doing so will not adversely affect our operating results. Additionally, we may not be able to hire and train new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. If we fail to retain employees and effectively manage our hiring needs, our efficiency, ability to meet forecasts, employee morale, productivity, and the success of our strategic plans, transformation strategy, and product roadmap could suffer, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Our business depends on a strong brand and we may not be able to maintain our brand and reputation.
We believe that maintaining the Stitch Fix brand and reputation is critical to driving client engagement and attracting clients and merchandise vendors. Building our brand will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide our clients with an engaging and personalized client experience, including valued personal styling services, high-quality
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and appealing merchandise, and appropriate price points, which we may not do successfully. Client complaints or negative publicity about our styling services, merchandise, delivery times, or client support, especially on social media platforms, could harm our reputation and diminish client use of our services, the trust that our clients place in Stitch Fix, and vendor confidence in us.
Our brand depends in part on effective client support, which requires significant personnel expense. Failure to manage or train our client support representatives properly or inability to handle client complaints effectively could negatively affect our brand, reputation, and operating results.
If we fail to cost-effectively promote and maintain the Stitch Fix brand, our business, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected.
If we fail to effectively manage our Stylists, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
As of August 2, 2025, approximately 1,710 of our employees were Stylists. In January 2024, we moved to a part-time only Stylist model, and all of our Stylists now work on a part-time basis and are paid hourly. The Stylists track and report the time they spend working for us. These employees are classified as nonexempt under federal and state law. If we fail to effectively manage our Stylists, including by ensuring accurate tracking and reporting of their hours worked and proper processing of their hourly wages, then we may face claimsallegingviolations of wage and hour employment laws, including, without limitation, claims of back wages, unpaid overtime pay, and missed meal and rest periods. Any such employee litigation could be attempted on a class or representative basis, or other form of multi-plaintifflitigation. For example, in August 2020, a representative action under California’s Private Attorneys General Act was filed against us alleging various violations of California’s wage and hour laws relating to our current and former non-exempt Stylist employees. While we were able to settle this matter, and we no longer employ Stylists in California, future litigation concerning our styling employees could be expensive and time-consuming regardless of whether the claimsagainst us are valid or whether we are ultimately determined to be liable, and could divert management’s attention from our business. We could also be adversely affected by negative publicity, litigation costs resulting from the defense of these claims, and the diversion of time and resources from our operations.
If we are unable to acquire new merchandise vendors or retain existing merchandise vendors, our operating results may be harmed.
We offer merchandise from both established and emerging brands. In order to continue to attract and retain quality merchandise brands, we must be a promising retailer of their products. If we do not continue to acquire new merchandise vendors or retain our existing merchandise vendors on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to maintain a broad selection of products for our clients, and our operating results may suffer.
In addition, our Owned Private Label Brands are sourced from third-party vendors and contract manufacturers. The loss of one of our Owned Private Label Brand vendors for any reason, or our inability to source any additional vendors needed for our Owned Private Label Brands, could require us to source Owned Private Label Brands merchandise from another vendor or manufacturer, which could cause inventory delays, impact our clients’ experiences, and otherwise harm our operating results.
Our client metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may reduce the perceived usefulness and reliability of the metric and harm our stock price.
We track key operating metrics, including active clients and net revenue per active client, to evaluate our business and for our investors to evaluate our performance. While our key operating metrics are based on what we believe to be reasonable calculations, there are inherent challenges in measuring such metrics across our large client base and changing product offerings.
Our active client metric is calculated at the account level and may not accurately reflect the number of unique individuals using our service. For example, there may be individuals who create multiple accounts to access our service. In addition, our family accounts feature allows a client to create accounts for other household members. A single individual who accesses our service or on whose behalf our service is accessed through multiple accounts and checks out a Fix or is shipped a Freestyle item from multiple accounts during the relevant period would be counted as multiple active clients.
This potential duplication may affect the comparability of our active client metric over time and may also impact our net revenue per active client metric, which is based on the number of active clients. If investors do not perceive our metrics to be accurate representations of our client base, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics, our stock price could decline.
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We may incur significant losses from fraud.
We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses from various types of fraud, including theft of merchandise, stolen credit card numbers, claims that a client did not authorize a purchase, merchant fraud, and clients who have closed bank accounts or have insufficient funds in open bank accounts to satisfy payments. Our clients may re-use their login information (i.e., username and password combination) across multiple websites and, therefore, when a third-party website experiences a data breach, that information could be exposed to bad actors and be used to fraudulently access our clients’ accounts. In addition to the direct costs of such losses, if the fraud is related to credit card transactions and becomes excessive, it could result in us paying higher fees or losing the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, under current credit card practices, we are typically liable for fraudulent credit card transactions. Our failure to adequately prevent fraudulent transactions could damage our reputation, result in litigation or regulatory action, and lead to expenses that could substantially impact our operating results.
Our real estate leases subject us to various financial risks.
We lease our Company headquarters in San Francisco and four fulfillment centers. The original terms of our leases are between 6 and 12.5 years. We currently sub-lease a fulfillment center in Salt Lake City, Utah, to multiple sub-tenants. We have entered into sub-leases for portions of our San Francisco headquarters space and may decide to sub-lease additional portions of our San Francisco headquarters and other fulfillment centers. If we are unable to sub-lease additional space in our Company headquarters or other leased space on favorable terms, or at all, it will affect our cash flow and may affect our results of operations. Additionally, if our sub-tenants fail to make lease payments or otherwise default on their obligations to us, we could incur unanticipated payment obligations which could affect our free cash flow and other results of operations.
We are subject to payment-related risks.
We accept payments online via credit and debit cards and online payment systems such as PayPal, and certain “Buy Now Pay Later” services, such as Affirm, Klarna, and Afterpay, which subject us to certain regulations and fraud. We may in the future offer new payment options to clients that would be subject to additional regulations and risks. We pay interchange and other fees in connection with credit card payments, which may increase over time and adversely affect our operating results. While we use a third party to process payments, we are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and rules governing electronic funds transfers. If we fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations, we may be subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INDUSTRY, THE MARKET, AND THE ECONOMY
We rely on consumer discretionary spending and may be adversely affected by economic downturns, inflation, economic uncertainty, and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.
Our business and operating results are subject to national and global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. Some of the factors that may negatively influence consumer spending include high levels of unemployment; higher consumer debt levels; reductions in net worth and declines in asset values; macroeconomic uncertainty; increased inflationary pressures; recessionaryconcerns; home foreclosures and reductions in home values; fluctuating interest rates, and credit availability; rising fuel and other energy costs; rising commodity prices; and general uncertainty regarding the overall future political and economic environment. We have experienced many of these factors, including current inflationary pressures, which may be increasing due to tariffs on imports into the U.S., and have experienced negative impacts on client demand and discretionary spending as a result. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including the merchandise that we offer, generally decline during recessionary periods or periods of economic uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence. Furthermore, economic conditions in certain regions may also be affected by natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tropical storms, earthquakes, and wildfires; public health crises; and other major unforeseen events.
Adverse economic changes could reduce consumer confidence, and could thereby negatively affect our operating results. In challenging and uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or what impact such circumstances could have on our business. Additionally, a volatile and uncertain macroeconomic environment has reduced, and may continue to reduce, our ability to forecast our future operating results.
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Trade disputes, trade restrictions, tariffs and other political tensions between the U.S. and other countries may also exacerbateunfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions or downturns, which may negatively impact customer demand for our products or services, delay purchases, limit expansion opportunities with customers, limit our access to capital, or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations. Ongoing tariff, trade restrictions and macroeconomic uncertainty has and may continue to contribute to volatility in our stock price.
Our industry is highly competitive and if we do not compete effectively our operating results could be adversely affected.
The retail apparel industry is highly competitive. We compete with eCommerce companies that market the same or similar merchandise and services that we offer; local, national, and global retail stores; specialty retailers; discount chains; the online offerings of traditional retail competitors; and less traditional online retailers. Additionally, we experience competition for consumer discretionary spending from other product and experiential categories. We believe our ability to compete depends on many factors within and beyond our control, including:
• effectively differentiating our service and value proposition from those of our competitors;
• attracting new clients and engaging with and retaining existing clients;
• our direct relationships with our clients and their willingness to share personal information with us;
• further developing our data science and artificial intelligence (“AI”) capabilities;
• maintaining favorable brand recognition and effectively marketing our services to clients;
• delivering merchandise that each client perceives as personalized to them;
• the amount, diversity, and quality of brands and merchandise that we or our competitors offer;
• our ability to maintain and expand appealing Owned Private Label Brands and exclusive-to-Stitch Fix merchandise;
• the price at which we are able to offer our merchandise;
• the speed and cost at which we can deliver merchandise to our clients and the ease with which they can use our services to return merchandise; and
• anticipating and quickly responding to changing apparel trends and consumer shopping preferences.
Many of our current competitors have, and potential competitors may have, longer operating histories; larger fulfillment infrastructures; greater technical capabilities; faster shipping times; lower-cost shipping; larger databases; more purchasing power; higher profiles; greater financial, marketing, institutional, and other resources; and larger customer bases than we do. Mergers and acquisitions by these companies may lead to even larger competitors with more resources. These factors may allow our competitors to derive greater revenue and profits from their existing customer bases; acquire customers at lower costs; or respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies such as AI, changes in apparel trends and consumer shopping behavior, and changes in supply conditions. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, enter or expand their presence in the personalized retail market, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases or generate revenue from their existing customer bases more effectively than we do. If we fail to execute on any of the above better than our competitors, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Our operating results have been, and could be in the future, adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, or other catastrophic events.
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, severe winter weather, and other adverse weather events and climate conditions, which we expect to become more frequent and more severe with the increasing effects of climate change; unforeseen public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or other pandemics and epidemics; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war, and other political instability, including the ongoing international conflicts; or other catastrophic events, whether occurring in the United States or internationally, could disrupt our operations or cause us to close one or more of our offices and fulfillment centers or could disrupt, delay, or otherwise negatively impact the operations of one or more of our third-party providers or vendors. For instance, the severe winter weather and temperatures experienced in Texas and other parts of the country in February 2021 caused us to temporarily close two of our fulfillment centers and affected the shipping of merchandise in and out of fulfillment centers. These types of events could impact our merchandise supply chain, including our ability to ship merchandise to or receive returned merchandise from clients in the impacted region, and
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could impact our ability or the ability of third parties to operate our sites and ship merchandise. In addition, these types of events could negatively impact consumer spending in the impacted regions.
In fact, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted our operations in and caused us to temporarily close our offices and require that most of our employees work from home; disrupted our operations in and caused us to close fulfillment centers; required us to implement various operational changes to ensure the health and safety of our employees; had a range of negative effects on the operations of our third-party providers and vendors, including our merchandise supply chain and shipping partners; and negatively impacted consumer spending and the economy generally due to measures taken to contain the spread of COVID-19, such as government-mandated business closures, office closures, and travel and transportation restrictions. We experienced reduced capacity in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 as we temporarily closed three of our fulfillment centers and we implemented additional safety protocols. These efforts resulted in significantly less capacity in our fulfillment centers during the third quarter of fiscal 2020, which resulted in delayed Fix shipments, a significant Fix backlog, delayed inventory and return processing, extended wait times for clients, and inventory management challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic disruption also led to significant volatility in the capital markets. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, most non-fulfillment center employees continue to work in a remote capacity with some in a hybrid of in-person and remote work. Remote working environments present additional risks, uncertainties and costs that could affect our performance, including increased operational risk, uncertainty regarding office space needs, heightened vulnerability to cyber attacks, potential reduced productivity, changes to our Company culture, potential strains to our business continuity plans, and increased costs to ensure our offices are safe and functional as hybrid offices that enableeffectivecollaboration of both remote and in-person colleagues. The COVID-19 pandemic caused many risks as described above and throughout these risk factors to materialize and adversely affected our business and operating results. Any future natural disasters, pandemics, or crises could disrupt our operations or negatively impact consumer spending, adversely affecting our business and results of operations.
CYBERSECURITY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY RISKS
System interruptions that impair client access to our website or other performance failures in our technology infrastructure could damage our business.
The satisfactory performance, reliability, integrity and availability of our website, mobile application, internal applications, and technology infrastructure (and those of our third-party vendors and service providers) are critical to our business. We rely on our website and mobile application to engage with our clients and sell them merchandise. We also rely on a host of internal custom-built applications to run critical business functions, such as styling, merchandise purchasing, warehouse operations, and order fulfillment. In addition, we rely on a variety of third-party, cloud-based solution vendors for key elements of our technology infrastructure. These systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption and we have experienced interruptions in the past. Additionally, the launch of new client experiences or offerings requires investments in and the development of new technology, which may be more susceptible to performance issues or interruptions. Interruptions caused by a variety of events, including human error, our failure to update or improve our proprietary systems, cyber attacks, fire, flood, earthquake, power loss, or telecommunications failures would disrupt our systems. Any failure or interruption of our website, mobile application, internal business applications, or our technology infrastructure (including any such issues with our third-party vendors and service providers) would harm our ability to serve our clients, which would adversely affect our business and operating results.
Compromises of our data security or that of our third-party service providers could cause us to incur unexpected expenses and liability, and may materially harm our reputation and operating results.
In the ordinary course of our business, we and our vendors and service providers collect, process, and store certain personal information and other data relating to individuals, such as our clients and employees, which may include proprietary, confidential, and sensitive data, including personally identifiable information, such as but not limited to, name, address, social security numbers, client payment card information, client physical attributes, photos, and client style preferences. We rely substantially on commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for our processing, transmission, and storage of personal information and other confidential information. There can be no assurance that we or our vendors will not suffer a data compromise, that malicious actors will not gain access to personal information or other sensitive data, including payment card data or confidential business information, or that any such data compromise or unauthorized access will be discovered in a timely fashion. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems are constantly evolving and can include, but are not limited to, social-engineering attacks (including through deep-fakes, phishing, vishing (voice phishing), and smishing (SMS phishing)), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), denial-of-service attacks, credential stuffing attacks, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks,
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supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, attacks enhanced or facilitated by AI, and other similar threats). These threats change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, and we and our vendors may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. We and many of our vendors and other business partners have moved to a more remote and hybrid work force, and as a result, we and our partners may be more vulnerable to cyber attacks. In addition, security measures may be circumventedaccidentally or intentionally by our employees, contractors, vendors, or other third parties with whom we do business. Such parties may seek to misappropriate such personal information, confidential information, or other data, or may inadvertently release or compromise such data.
It may be difficult and/or costly to detect, investigate, mitigate, contain, and remediate a security incident. Our efforts to do so may not be successful. Actions taken by us or the third parties with whom we work to detect, investigate, mitigate, contain, and remediate a security incident could result in outages, data losses, and disruptions of our business. Threat actors may also gain access to other networks and systems after a compromise of our networks and systems.
Compromise of our data security or the data security of third parties with whom we do business, failure to prevent or mitigate the loss of personal or business information, and delays in detecting or providing prompt notice of any such compromise or loss would likely disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and subject us to litigation, government action, or other additional costs and liabilities that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.
We use open source software in the applications we have developed to operate our business and will use open source software in the future. Some open source licenses contain express requirements or impose conditions, which may be triggered under certain circumstances, with respect to the exploitation of proprietary source code or other intellectual property by users of open source software. While we employ practices designed to monitor our compliance with the licenses of third-party open source software and to avoid using the open source software in a manner that would put our valuable proprietary source code at risk, there is a risk that we could have used, or may in the future use, open source software in a manner which could require us to release our proprietary source code to users of our software or to the public, require us to license our proprietary software for purposes of making modifications or derivative works, or prohibit us from charging fees for the use of our proprietary software. This could result in loss of revenue, and allow our competitors to create similar offerings with lower development costs, and ultimately could result in a loss of our competitive advantages. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of open source software license types, almost none of which have been tested in a court of law, resulting in guidance regarding the proper legal interpretation of such licenses and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our products. If we were to receive a claim of non-compliance with the terms of any of our open source licenses, we may be required to publicly release certain portions of our proprietary source code or expend substantial time and resources to re-engineer some or all of our software, which may divert resources away from our product development efforts and, as a result, adversely affect our business. In addition, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue offering our products for certain uses, or cease offering the products associated with such software, which may be costly.
Further, our use of open source software may present greater risks than use of other third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide support, warranties, indemnification or other contractual protections regarding infringementclaims or the quality of the code. To the extent that our e-commerce capabilities and other business operations depend on the successful and secure operation of open source software, any undetected or unremediated vulnerabilities, errors or defects in open source software that we use could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our systems and injure our reputation. In addition, the public availability of such software may make it easier for others to compromise our systems. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
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Adverselitigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we are or may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.
Currently, we are involved in various legal proceedings, including the securities litigation and other matters described elsewhere herein. We have in the past and may in the future become involved in other private actions, collective actions, investigations, and various other legal proceedings by clients, employees, suppliers, competitors, government agencies, stockholders, or others. The results of any such litigation, investigations, and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Any claimsagainst us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costlylitigation, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time, and divert significant resources. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Any failure by us or our vendors to comply with product safety, labor, or other laws, or our standard vendor terms and conditions, or to provide safe factory conditions for our or their workers, may damage our reputation and brand, and harm our business.
The merchandise we sell to our clients is subject to regulation by the Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and similar state and international regulatory authorities. As a result, such merchandise could in the future be subject to recalls and other remedial actions. Product safety, labeling, and licensing concerns may result in us voluntarily removing selected merchandise from our inventory. Such recalls or voluntary removal of merchandise can result in, among other things, lost sales, diverted resources, potential harm to our reputation, and increased client service costs and legal expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
Some of the merchandise we sell, including our children’s merchandise, may expose us to product liability claims and litigation or regulatory action relating to personal injury or environmental or property damage. Although we maintain liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms or at all. In addition, some of our agreements with our vendors may not indemnify us from product liability for a particular vendor’s merchandise or our vendors may not have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity and defense obligations.
We purchase our merchandise from numerous domestic and international vendors. Our standard vendor terms and conditions require vendors to comply with applicable laws. We have hired independent firms that conduct audits of the working conditions at the factories producing our Owned Private Label Brands products. If an audit reveals potential problems, we require that the vendor institute corrective action plans to bring the factory into compliance with our standards, or we may discontinue our relationship with the vendor. The loss of an Owned Private Label Brands vendor due to failure to comply with our standards could cause inventory delays, impact our clients’ experiences, and otherwise harm our operating results. In addition, failure of our vendors to comply with applicable laws and regulations and contractual requirements could lead to litigationagainst us, resulting in increased legal expenses and costs. Furthermore, the failure of any such vendors to provide safe and humane factory conditions and oversight at their facilities could damage our reputation with clients or result in legal claimsagainst us.
Furthermore, U.S. import regulations prohibit the entry of certain goods produced by entities on government-created lists or from sanctioned areas, including China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (the “XUAR”). Although we do not intentionally source any products or materials from the XUAR (either directly or indirectly through our suppliers) and strive to ensure that our vendors comply with applicable laws, we do not have the ability to completely map our product supply chain, and we could be subject to penalties, fines or sanctions if any of the vendors from which we purchase goods is found to have dealings, directly or indirectly, with sanctioned entities. Even if we were not subject to penalties, fines or sanctions, if products we source are linked in any way to sanctioned regions or entities, our reputation could be damaged.
Our use of personal information, other personal data, and sensitive information subjects us to numerous and evolving privacy and security laws and other obligations (such as cybersecurity and data protection in contracts), and our compliance with or failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
We collect and maintain significant amounts of personal information and other data relating to our clients and employees. Numerous laws, rules, and regulations in the United States, including the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) and California Privacy Rights Acts of 2020 (“CPRA”), govern privacy and the collection, use, and protection of personal information. These laws, rules, and regulations evolve frequently and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may be interpreted to conflict with our practices. Any significant failure or perceived failure by us or any third parties with which we do business to comply with these laws, rules, and
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regulations, or with other obligations to which we may be or become subject, would likely result in actions against us by governmental entities, private claims and litigation, fines, penalties, or other liabilities. Any such action would be expensive to defend, damage our reputation, and adversely affect our business and operating results.
The CCPA, as amended by the CPRA (collectively, “CCPA”), applies to personal information of consumers, business representatives, and employees who are California residents, and requires businesses to provide specific disclosures in privacy notices and honor requests of such individuals to exercise certain privacy rights. A number of other states have also passed comprehensive privacy laws, and similar laws are being considered in several other states, as well as at the federal and local levels. These developments further complicate compliance efforts, and increase legal risk and compliance costs for us and the third parties upon whom we rely. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws as imposing standards for the online collection, use, dissemination, and security of data and the FTC has indicated that use of biometric technologies (including facial recognition technologies) may be subject to additional scrutiny. Further, the SEC has adopted new rules that require us to provide greater disclosures around proactive security protections that we employ and regarding security incidents. The failure to comply with such requirements would lead to adverse consequences in some circumstances.
The costs of compliance with and other burdens imposed by privacy and data security laws and regulations can reduce the efficiency of our marketing, lead to negative publicity, make it more difficult or more costly to meet expectations of or commitments to clients, or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for noncompliance, any of which could harm our business. These laws could also impact our ability to offer our products in certain locations.
Additionally, under various privacy laws and other obligations, we may be required to obtain certain consents to process personal data. For example, some of our data processing practices have been and may in the future be subject to challenges or lawsuits under data privacy and communications laws, including wiretapping laws, if we share consumer information with third parties through various methods such as chatbots, session replay providers, or third-party marketing pixels. These practices may be subject to increased challenges by class action plaintiffs. Our inability or failure to obtain consent for these practices could result in adverse consequences, including class action litigation and mass arbitration demands.
Unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with evolving internet and eCommerce regulations could substantially harm our business and operating results.
We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the internet and eCommerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, privacy and data security, consumer protection, AI, the ability to collect or share necessary information that allows us to conduct business on the internet, marketing communications and advertising, content protection, electronic contracts, or gift cards. Furthermore, the regulatory landscape impacting internet and eCommerce businesses is constantly evolving. For example, California’s Automatic Renewal Law requires companies to adhere to enhanced disclosure requirements when entering into automatically renewing contracts with consumers. As a result, a wave of consumer class action lawsuits was brought against companies that offer online products and services on a subscription or recurring basis. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation, lost business, and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, which could impact our operating results. Furthermore, any additional regulations that govern our business, including additional automatic renewal laws, may be costly to comply with or cause us to have to alter the way we run our business.
If the use of “cookie” tracking technologies is further restricted, regulated, or blocked, or if changes in technology cause cookies to become less reliable or acceptable as a means of tracking consumer behavior, the amount or accuracy of internet user information we collect would decrease, which could harm our business and operating results.
Cookies are small data files that are sent by websites and stored locally on an internet user’s computer or mobile device. We, and third parties who work on our behalf, collect data via cookies that are used to track the behavior of visitors to our sites, to provide a more personal and interactive experience, and to increase the effectiveness of our marketing. However, internet users can easily disable, delete, and block cookies directly through browser settings or through other software, browser extensions, or hardware platforms that physically block cookies from being created and stored.
Privacy regulations restrict how we deploy our cookies and this has in the past, and could in the future, potentially (a) increase the number of internet users that choose to proactively disable cookies on their systems or (b) cause our business partners, service providers, or vendors to no longer maintain their cookie processes. We may have to develop alternative systems to determine our clients’ behavior, customize their online experience, or efficiently market to them if clients block cookies or regulations introduce additional barriers to collecting cookie data.
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If we cannot successfully protect our intellectual property, our business would suffer.
We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secrets, patents, confidentiality agreements, and other practices to protect our brands, proprietary information, technologies, and processes. Our principal trademark assets include the registered trademarks “Stitch Fix” and “Fix,” multiple private label clothing and accessory brand names, and our logos and taglines. Our trademarks are valuable assets that support our brand and consumers’ perception of our services and merchandise. We also hold the rights to the “stitchfix.com” internet domain name and various other related domain names, which are subject to internet regulatory bodies and trademark and other related laws of each applicable jurisdiction. If we are unable to protect our trademarks or domain names in the United States or in other jurisdictions in which we may ultimately operate, our brand recognition and reputation would suffer, we would incur significant expense establishing new brands and our operating results would be adversely impacted.
The patents we own in the United States and those that may be issued in the future may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged by third parties, and our patent applications may never be granted. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these patents will adequately protect our intellectual property or survive a legal challenge, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain. Our limited patent protection may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition. We primarily rely on trade secret laws to protect our technologies and processes, including the algorithms we use throughout our business. Others may independently develop the same or similar technologies and processes, or may improperly acquire and use information about our technologies and processes, which may allow them to provide a service similar to ours, which could harm our competitive position.
We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties.
We are also at risk of claims by others that we have infringed their copyrights, trademarks, or patents, or improperly used or disclosed their trade secrets. The costs of supporting any litigation or disputes related to these claims can be considerable, and we cannot assure that we will achieve a favorable outcome of any such claim. If any such claims are valid, we may be compelled to cease our use of such intellectual property and pay damages, which could adversely affect our business. Even if such claims are not valid, defending them could be expensive and distracting, adversely affecting our operating results.
RISKS RELATING TO TAXES
Changes in U.S. tax or tariff policy regarding goods produced in other countries could adversely affect our business.
A predominant portion of the goods we sell is originally manufactured in countries other than the United States, with the majority coming from China. Tariffs and other protectionist trade measures could adversely affect our business, including disruption and cost increases in our established patterns for sourcing our merchandise and increased uncertainties in planning our sourcing strategies and forecasting our margins. Recent trade policies and uncertainty related thereto, including with respect to tariffs and other restrictions, particularly with respect to China in addition to other countries from which we source our merchandise and raw materials, have created a dynamic and unpredictable trade landscape, which has and may continue to adversely impact our business and operations. For example, since May 2025, the U.S. government has imposed significant incremental tariffs on a broad range of goods imported from China, including the apparel we source. Certain of these tariffs are subject to legal and other challenges, the outcome of which could further change the tariff rate, including with respect to China. Tariffs and international trade arrangements will continue to change, potentially without warning and to an extent or duration that is difficult to predict. Changing tariff rates and shifting trade policies have created significant uncertainty for vendors, consumers, and us. If tariffs from countries from which we source products are sustained at heightened levels, it will further increase our merchandise costs, may result in increased prices for our clients, and may negatively impact our margins and consumer demand for our products and services, any of which could harm our competitive position or otherwise negatively impact our operating results. Moreover, tariff and other trade-related cost pressures and supply chain disruptions may lead to reputational harm if we are unable to deliver our products or services on expected timelines. We may not be able to forecast such impacts accurately. Although we continue to work with our vendors to mitigate our exposure to current or potential tariffs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to offset any increased costs. Other changes in U.S. tariffs, quotas, trade relationships, or tax provisions could also reduce the supply of goods available to us or increase our cost of goods. Although such changes would have implications across the entire industry, we may fail to effectively adapt to and manage the adjustments in strategy that would be necessary in response to those changes. In addition to the general uncertainty and overall risk from potential changes in U.S. laws and policies, as we make business decisions in the face of such uncertainty, we may incorrectly anticipate the outcomes, miss out on business opportunities, or fail to effectively
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adapt our business strategies and manage the adjustments that are necessary in response to those changes. These risks could adversely affect our revenues, reduce our profitability, and negatively impact our business.
We could be required to collect additional sales taxes or be subject to other tax liabilities that may increase the costs our clients would have to pay for our offering and adversely affect our operating results.
While we collect, remit, and report sales tax in all states that impose a sales tax, it is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we are required to collect more taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful it could result in substantial tax liabilities, including for past sales taxes and penalties and interest, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Federal income tax reform could have unforeseen effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
New income or other tax laws or regulations could be enacted at any time, which could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws and regulations could be interpreted, modified, or applied adversely to us. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, and One Big Beautiful Bill Act enacted many significant changes to the U.S. tax laws. Future guidance from the IRS and other tax authorities with respect to these laws may affect us, and certain aspects of these laws could be repealed or modified in the future. Further regulatory or legislative developments may also arise. We are currently unable to predict whether such changes will occur and, if so, the ultimate impact on our business. To the extent that such changes have a negative impact on us, our suppliers or our clients, including as a result of related uncertainty, these changes may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may be subject to additional tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results.
We are subject to income- and non-income-based taxes in the United States under federal, state, and local jurisdictions. The governing tax laws and applicable tax rates vary by jurisdiction and are subject to interpretation. Various tax authorities may disagree with tax positions we take and if any such tax authorities were to successfullychallenge one or more of our tax positions, the results could have a material effect on our operating results. Further, the ultimate amount of tax payable in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by sudden or unforeseen changes in tax laws, changes in the mix and level of earnings by taxing jurisdictions, or changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. The determination of our overall provision for income and other taxes is inherently uncertain as it requires significant judgment around complex transactions and calculations. As a result, fluctuations in our ultimate tax obligations may differ materially from amounts recorded in our financial statements and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results in the periods for which such determination is made.
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
As of August 2, 2025, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $161.1 million and $311.7 million, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such carryforwards in a taxable year is limited to 80% of such taxable year’s taxable income without regard to such carryforwards. Of the state net operating loss carryforwards, approximately $237.6 million will expire, if not utilized, in various years through 2045. The remaining state net operating loss carryforwards have no expiration. There may be periods during which the use of such carryforwards is suspended or otherwise limited, which could accelerate or permanently increase state taxes owed. The ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards depends on the availability of future taxable income. In addition, as of August 2, 2025, we had federal and California research and development tax credit carryforwards of $57.3 million and $24.2 million, respectively. The federal research and development credits will begin to expire in 2038, if not utilized; California research and development credits do not have an expiration date.
A portion of our tax attributes may be subject to Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and similar state provisions, which set limitations on a corporation’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset its taxable income or taxes. These limitations arise if the corporation undergoes an ownership change, which is generally defined as one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders that own at least 5% of the corporation’s stock increasing their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. It is possible that we may experience ownership changes as a result of shifts in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside of our control. Any potential limitations on our ability to offset future income with our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes could result in increased future tax liability to us.
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RISKS RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK
The market price of our Class A common stock may continue to be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations. You may lose all or part of your investment.
The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
• actual or anticipated decreases in our client base, the level of client engagement, client acquisition and retention, and revenue and other operating results;
• variations between our actual operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors, and the financial community;
• any forward-looking financial or operating information we may provide, including in connection with new offerings or business initiatives where such information is based on early or limited data, any changes in this information, or our failure to meet expectations based on this information;
• actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our Company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
• repurchases of our Class A common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, which could also cause our stock price to be higher that it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock;
• whether investors or securities analysts view our stock structure unfavorably, particularly our dual-class structure and the significant voting control of our directors, executive officers, and their affiliates;
• additional shares of our Class A common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders, or the anticipation of such sales;
• announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
• changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies in our industry, including our vendors and competitors;
• price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;
• targeted efforts of social media or other groups to transact in and affect the price of Stitch Fix stock, such as the activity in early 2021 targeting GameStop Corp and others;
• lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
• developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies; and
• other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse weather events and climate conditions, or responses to these events.
In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many eCommerce and other technology companies’ stock prices, including ours. Often, our stock price and that of many eCommerce and technology companies have fluctuated in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the companies’ operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. For example, beginning in October 2018, we and certain of our directors and officers were sued in putative class action and derivative lawsuits allegingviolations of the federal securities laws for allegedly making materially false and misleading statements. On August 26, 2022, a class action lawsuit allegingviolations of federal securities laws was filed by certain of our stockholders naming as defendants us and certain of our officers and directors for allegedly making materially false and misleading statements regarding our Freestyle offering (the “Securities Class Action”). On March 17, 2023, June 6, 2023, May 24, 2024, and July 22, 2025, derivative actions were filed by certain of our stockholders against certain of our current and former directors and officers based on similar factual allegations underlying the Securities Class Action. We may be the target of additional litigation of this type in the future as well. Such securities litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and seriouslyharm our business.
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Moreover, because of these price fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.
We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our stock and could diminish our cash reserves.
In January 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock, with no expiration date. During fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2025, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock, and we had $120.0 million remaining in share repurchase capacity as of August 2, 2025. Although our Board of Directors has authorized this repurchase program, the program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares. The actual timing and amount of repurchases remain subject to a variety of factors, including stock price, trading volume, market conditions and other general business considerations. In addition, the terms of our first lien credit agreement with Citibank, N.A., as agent and lender (“the 2023 Credit Facility”), impose limitations on our ability to repurchase shares. The share repurchase program may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time, and we cannot guarantee that the program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. The program could affect the trading price of our stock and increase volatility, and any announcement of a termination of this program may result in a decrease in the trading price of our stock. In addition, this program could diminish our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.
If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, then the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline. In addition, shares underlying any outstanding options and restricted stock units will become eligible for sale if exercised or settled, as applicable, and to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting agreements and Rule 144 of the Securities Act. All the shares of Class A and Class B common stock subject to stock options and restricted stock units outstanding and reserved for issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, our 2017 Incentive Plan, and our 2019 Inducement Plan (collectively, our “Incentive Plans”) have been registered on Form S-8 under the Securities Act and such shares are eligible for sale in the public markets, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline.
The dual class structure of our common stock concentrates voting control with certain significant shareholders, including our current and former directors, executive officers, and their affiliates, and may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. As a result, the holders of our Class B common stock, including certain of our current and former directors, executive officers, and their affiliates, are able to exercise considerable influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets, even if their stock holdings represent less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. As of September 19, 2025, 15,877,389 of our 134,110,980 shares outstanding were held by our directors, executive officers, and their affiliates, and 11,197,809 of such shares held by our directors, executive officers, and their affiliates were shares of Class B common stock. This concentration of ownership will limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may cause us to make strategic decisions that could involve risks to you or that may not be aligned with your interests. This control may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock and some stock indices may not allow public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices.
We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation of the value of our Class A common stock.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to pay any cash dividends
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on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. As a result, any investment return on our Class A common stock will depend upon increases in the value for our Class A common stock, which is not certain.
Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Class A common stock by acting to discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our Company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our Company may deem advantageous. These provisions:
• establish a classified Board of Directors so that not all members of our Board of Directors are elected at one time;
• permit the Board of Directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships;
• provide that directors may only be removed for cause;
• require super-majority voting to amend some provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;
• authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our Board of Directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;
• eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;
• prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
• provide that the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws;
• restrict the forum for certain litigationagainst us to Delaware;
• reflect the dual class structure of our common stock; and
• establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.
Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law:
• any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;
• any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty;
• any action asserting a claim against us arising under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws; and
• any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.
This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigateclaims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those
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designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions.
These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could seriouslyharm our business.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
Future securities sales and issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our Class A common stock.
We may issue additional equity securities in the future. We also issue awards for Class A common stock to our existing and new employees and others under our Incentive Plans. The number of shares subject to such awards is typically based on target dollar values, and therefore the number of shares increases as our stock price decreases. Future issuances of shares of our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock, or the perception that these sales or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our Class A common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock are exercised or options or other stock-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises and our stock price. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our Class A common stock. As a result, holders of our Class A common stock bear the risk that future issuances of debt or equity securities may reduce the value of our Class A common stock and further dilute their ownership interest.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy of our reported financial information and this may lead to a decline in our stock price.
We are required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). Specifically, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires management to assess the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. We have experienced material weaknesses and significant deficiencies in our internal controls previously. Management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of August 2, 2025. However, our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we or our accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, it could harm our operating results, adversely affect our reputation, or result in inaccurate financial reporting. Furthermore, should any such deficiencies arise we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including SEC enforcement actions and we could be required to restate our financial results, any of which would require additional financial and management resources.
Even if we do not detect deficiencies, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and fraud, and individuals, including employees and contractors, could circumvent such controls. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.
In addition, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. Should we encounter such difficulties, our investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our reported financial information and trading price of our Class A common stock could be negatively impacted.
We may not be able to generate sufficient capital to support and grow our business, and outside capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.
We require sufficient cash and liquidity to run our business, finance our operations, and pay for capital expenditures. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to fund our working capital and capital expenditures needs. We also may require additional funds to support growth or respond to business challenges. We are party to a credit
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agreement with Citibank, N.A. but a deterioration in our capital structure or the quality of our earnings could result in noncompliance with our debt covenants, which would limit our ability to utilize our credit facility.
We also may want or need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. The capital market environment, including market disruptions, limited liquidity, or interest rate fluctuations, may increase the cost of financing or restrict access to a potential source of liquidity. Additionally, if we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock.
Our 2023 Credit Facility also contains covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions, and contains financial covenants requiring us to maintain a minimum liquidity level and a minimum total consolidated fixed charge coverage Ratio above specified levels, measured in each case at the end of each fiscal quarter. The restrictive covenants of this or any future debt financing secured may make it more difficult for us to obtain capital and to pursue business opportunities. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to generate sufficient capital or obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and our business and prospects could fail or be adversely affected.
If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our Class A common stock adversely, the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock is influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our Class A common stock, provide a more favorable recommendation about our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.
