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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.01pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.10pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.07pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+1
negatively+1
litigation+1
criminal+1
prolonged+1
Positive rising
successful+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
19,469 words
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the material risks and uncertainties described below. The matters described below are not the only risks and uncertainties facing our company, and risks and uncertainties not known to us or not described below also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows can be negatively affected, the value of securities we have issued could be adversely affected, resulting in stockholders and purchasers losing part or all of their investment, and we may not be able to achieve our strategic initiatives or expectations. This Annual Report also includes statements reflecting assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events that are intended as “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and should be read in conjunction with the section entitled Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements and Information.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
losses+1
weakening+1
closing+1
Positive rising
profitability+2
strong+1
opportunities+1
effective+1
satisfaction+1
MD&A (Item 7)
9,994 words
ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Quanta Services, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, Quanta, we, us or our) should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. The discussion below contains forward-looking statements that are based upon our current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to inaccurate assumptions and known or unknown risks and uncertainties, including those identified in Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements and Information above and in Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of this Annual Report.
The discussion summarizing the significant factors which affected the results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2024, including the changes in results of operations between the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer reevaluated how performance of the business is assessed and how resources are allocated, which resulted in a change in the reporting of management’s internal financial information. As a result, beginning with the three months ended March 31, 2025, we began reporting the results of our two operating segments, which are also our two reportable segments: (1) Electric Infrastructure Solutions (Electric) and (2) Underground Utility and Infrastructure Solutions (Underground and Infrastructure). The Electric segment consists of the historical Electric Power Infrastructure Solutions and the Renewable Energy Infrastructure Solutions segments. In conjunction with this change, certain prior period amounts have been recast to conform to this new segment reporting structure.
The following is a summary of some of the material risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below.
Risks Related to Operating Our Business
• Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
• A variety of issues could affect the timing or profitability of our projects, and could result in, among other things, project termination or payment of liquidateddamages.
• Our business is subject to operational hazards (e.g., wildfires, explosions) that can result in significant liabilities, and we may not be insured against all potential liabilities.
• Insurance and claims expenses, as well as the unavailability or cancellation of third-party insurance coverage, could have a material adverse effect on us.
• Our business and operating results are subject to physical risks associated with changes in climate.
• Our business is labor-intensive, and we may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees or we may incur significant costs if we are unable to efficiently manage our workforce.
• A loss of business from certain significant customers could have a material effect on our business.
• Changes in estimates related to revenues and costs under customer contracts could result in a reduction or elimination of revenues or profits and the recognition of losses.
• We may fail to adequately recover on contract change orders or claimsagainst customers.
• We are subject to lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings, as well as project surety claims.
• We may be unsuccessful in generating internal growth.
• Many of our contracts may be canceled or suspended on short notice or may not be renewed or replaced.
• The nature of our business exposes us to warranty, engineering and other related claims.
• We can incur liabilities or suffernegative financial or reputational impacts due to health and safety matters.
• Disruptions or failure to adequately protect our information technology systems could materially affect our business and reputation.
• A deterioration of our reputation or brands could have an adverse impact on our business.
• Our financial results are based on estimates and assumptions that may differ from actual results.
• Our inability to successfully execute our acquisition strategy may adversely impact our growth.
• Our management structure could be inadequate to support our business as it expands and becomes more complex.
• The loss of, or our inability to attract or keep, key personnel could disrupt our business.
• Our investments, including our joint ventures, expose us to risks and may result in conflicts of interest.
• We are subject to credit and investment risk with respect to our customers and projects.
• Risks associated with operating in international markets and U.S. territories could harm our business and prospects.
• Our business is subject to the availability of suppliers, subcontractors and equipment manufacturers.
• A lack of availability or an increase in the price of fuel, materials or equipment could adversely affect our business or our customers.
• Scrutiny and expectations with respect to corporate sustainability practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to reputational or other risks.
Risks Related to Our Industries
• Negative macroeconomic conditions and industry-specific economic and market conditions can adversely impact our business.
• Our revenues and profitability can be negatively impacted if customers encounter financial difficulties or disputes arise with our customers.
• Our business is highly competitive and competitive pressures could negatively impact our business.
• Technological advancements and other market conditions could negatively affect our business.
Risks Related to Regulation and Compliance
• Regulatory requirements applicable to our business and potential changes related to those requirements may adversely affect our business.
• Our unionized workforce and related obligations may adversely affect our operations.
• We could be adversely affected by failure to comply with laws applicable to our foreign activities.
• Our failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations could result in significant liabilities and costs.
• Certain specific regulatory requirements are applicable to us and certain of our subsidiaries, which could materially impact our business.
• Changes in tax laws could adversely affect our financial results.
• Opportunities for government contracts or projects could subject us to increased regulation and costs and may pose additional risks relating to funding and compliance.
• Immigration laws, including inability to verify employment and restrictions on movement, could adversely impact our business.
Risk Related to Financing Our Business
• We may not have access to sufficient funding to finance desired growth and operations.
• We have a significant amount of debt that can negatively impact our business.
• We may not have sufficient cash flow to service our debt.
• Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk.
• We may be unable to compete for projects if we cannot obtain surety bonds, letters of credit or bank guarantees.
• A downgrade in our debt rating could restrict our ability to access capital markets.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
• Our sale or issuance of additional common stock or other equity securities could be dilutive to each stockholder’s ownership interest or affect the market price of our common stock.
• There can be no assurance that we will declare or pay future dividends on our common stock.
• Certain provisions of our governing documents could make an acquisition of Quanta more difficult.
Risks Related to Operating Our Business
Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
Certain industries in which we operate can be cyclical and our business is subject to seasonality and other factors that can result in significantly different operating results from quarter to quarter, and therefore our results in any particular quarter may
not be indicative of future results. Our quarterly results have been and may in the future be materially and/or adversely affected by, among other things:
• the timing and volume of work we perform and our performance with respect to ongoing projects and services, including as a result of fluctuations in the amount of work customers assign to us under our agreements (e.g., MSAs), delays and reductions in scope of projects, and project and agreement terminations, expirations or cancellations;
• increases in project costs that result from, among other things, natural disasters and emergencies, adverse weather conditions or events, legal challenges, permitting, regulatory or environmental processes, tariffs, or inaccurate project cost estimates;
• variations in the size, scope, costs and operating income margins of ongoing projects, as well as the mix of our customers, contracts and business;
• fluctuations in economic, political, financial, industry and market conditions on a regional, national or global basis, including as a result of, among other things, inflationary pressure that impacts our costs associated with labor, equipment and materials; increased interest rates; default or threat of default by the U.S. federal government with respect to its debt obligations; U.S. government shutdowns; natural disasters and other emergencies (e.g., wildfires, weather-related events, pandemics); deterioration of global or specific trade relationships; or geopolitical conflicts and political unrest;
• pricing pressures as a result of competition;
• changes in the budgetary spending patterns or strategic plans of customers or governmental entities;
• supply chain and other logistical difficulties, as well as sourcing restrictions on materials necessary for the services we provide;
• liabilities and costs incurred in our operations that are not covered by, or that are in excess of, our third-party insurance or indemnification rights, including significant liabilities that arise from the inherently hazardous conditions of our operations (e.g., explosions, fires) and the operations of our subcontractors, and which could be exacerbated by the geographies in which we operate;
• disputes with customers or delays and payment risk relating to billing and payment under our contracts and change orders, including as a result of customers that encounter financial difficulties, are insolvent or have filed for bankruptcy protection;
• the resolution of, or unexpected or increased costs associated with, pending or threatened legal proceedings, indemnity obligations, multiemployer pension plan obligations (e.g., withdrawal liability) or other claims;
• restructuring, severance and other costs associated with, among other things, winding down certain operations and exiting markets;
• estimates and assumptions in determining our financial results, remaining performance obligations and backlog, including the timing and significance of impairments of long-lived assets, equity or other investments, receivables, goodwill or other intangible assets;
• significant fluctuations in foreign currency rates;
• the recognition of tax impacts related to changes in tax laws or uncertain tax positions; and
• the timing and magnitude of costs we incur to support our operations or growth internally or through acquisitions.
A variety of issues could affect the timing or profitability of our projects, which may result in additional costs to us, reductions or delays in revenues, the payment of liquidateddamages or project termination.
Our business is dependent in part upon projects that can be cyclical in nature and are subject to risks of delay or cancellation. The timing of or failure to obtain contracts, delays in awards of, start dates for or completion of projects and the cancellations of projects can result in significant periodic fluctuations in our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Many of our projects involve complex design, engineering, financing, permitting, right of way acquisition, procurement and construction phases that occur over extended time periods, sometimes several years, and we have encountered and may in the future encounter project delays, additional costs or project performance issues as a result of, among other things:
• inability to meet project schedule requirements or achieve guaranteed performance or quality standards for a project, which can result in increased costs, through rework, replacement or otherwise, or the payment of liquidateddamages to the customer or contract termination;
• failure to accurately estimate project costs or accurately establish the scope of our services;
• failure to make judgments in accordance with applicable professional standards (e.g., engineering standards);
• unforeseen circumstances or project modifications not included in our cost estimates or covered by our contract for which we cannot obtain adequate compensation, including concealed or unknown environmental, geological or geographical site conditions or technical problems such as design or engineering issues;
• changes in laws or permitting and regulatory requirements during the course of our work;
• delays in the delivery or management of design or engineering information, equipment or materials;
• our or a customer’s failure to manage a project, including the inability to timely obtain land, permits or rights of way or meet other permitting, regulatory or environmental requirements or conditions;
• changes to project or customer schedules;
• natural disasters or emergencies, including wildfires and earthquakes, as well as significant weather events (e.g., hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, floods, droughts, blizzards and extreme temperatures) and adverse or unseasonable weather conditions (e.g., prolonged rainfall or snowfall, early thaw in Canada and the northern United States);
• difficult terrain and site conditions where delivery of materials and availability of labor are impacted or where there is exposure to harsh and hazardous conditions;
• protests and other public activism, legal challenges or other political activity or opposition to our operations or projects or those of our joint ventures;
• other factors such as terrorism, geopolitical conflicts, public health crises (e.g. pandemics) and delays attributable to U.S. government shutdowns or any related under-staffing of government departments or agencies;
• changes in the cost, availability, lead times or quality of equipment, commodities, materials, consumables or labor; and
• delay or failure to perform by suppliers, subcontractors or other third parties, or our failure to coordinate performance of such parties, as approximately 20% of our work is subcontracted to other service providers.
Many of these difficulties and delays are beyond our control and can negatively impact our ability to complete the project in accordance with the required delivery schedule or achieve our anticipated operating income margin on the project. Delays and additional costs associated with delays may be substantial and not recoverable from third parties, and in some cases, we may be required to compensate the customer for such delays, including in circumstances where we have guaranteed project completion or performance by a scheduled date and incur liquidateddamages if we do not meet such schedule.
We also generate a significant portion of our revenues under fixed price contracts, including contracts for large projects and/or projects where we provide EPC services (e.g., large electric transmission and substation projects, power generation projects, data center facility projects). We have strategically expanded these service offerings in recent years, including with respect to power generation projects, and the size and scope of these projects continues to increase. The contracts for these projects often involve complex pricing, scope of services and other bid preparation components that require challenging estimates and assumptions on the part of our personnel, which increases the risk that costs incurred on such projects can vary, sometimes substantially, from our original estimates.
Performance difficulties can result in project delays, project cancellations and damage to our relationship with customers, as well as damage to our reputation, which can be exacerbated when the difficulties arise on a high-profile project. As a result, additional costs or penalties, a reduction in our productivity or efficiency or a project termination in any given period can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and can also adversely affect our ability to secure new contracts.
Our business is subject to operational hazards, including, among others, wildfires and explosions, that can result in significant liabilities, and we may not be insured against all potential liabilities.
Due to the nature of our services and certain of our product solutions, as well as the conditions in which we and our customers operate, our business is subject to operational hazards and accidents that can result in significant liabilities. These operational hazards include, among other things, electricity, fires, explosions, leaks, collisions, mechanical failures, and damage from severe weather conditions and natural disasters. Furthermore, certain operational hazards have become more widespread in recent years due to changes in climate and other factors, and certain of our customers operate energy- and communications-related infrastructure assets in locations and environments that increase the likelihood and/or severity of these operational hazards.
In particular, locations throughout our primary operating regions, including but not limited to, the United States, Canada and Australia, have recently experienced and are increasingly impacted by wildfires, including locations that have not historically experienced wildfire events but that are becoming more susceptible to wildfire events due to changes in climate. Our customers operate electrical power, natural gas, communications and other infrastructure assets in these areas, which in turn has exposed us and other contractors to increased risk of liability in connection with our operations, as these wildfire events can be started by electrical power and other infrastructure on which we have performed services, including inspection, consulting, construction, upgrade, repair and maintenance and other services. For example, certain of our customers have been determined to be or are potentially responsible for certain catastrophic wildfire events in the western United States due to failure of their infrastructure, and certain of these wildfire events remain under investigation. From time to time, Quanta operating companies have received tenders of defense, demands for preservation of documents and indemnity and subpoenas during the course of investigations and reviews of wildfire events, which can often extend over a prolonged period of time, and additional claims or legal proceedings involving Quanta and its operating companies related to wildfire events may be brought in the future.
We also often perform services in locations that are densely populated and that have higher value property and assets, such as California and metropolitan areas, which can increase the impact of any of these hazards or other accidents. For example, one of our larger operating companies specializes in underground gas and electric distribution and transmission services and operates in metropolitan areas throughout the northeastern United States, including New York City, New York . Additionally, we operate a significant number of helicopters in the performance of our services, including the transportation of line workers, the setting of poles, the stringing of wires and wildfire control and prevention, among other activities, including in locations that have a higher risk of wildfires and in densely populated areas. Our operation of helicopters is subject to various risks, such as crashes, collisions, fires, adverse weather conditions or mechanical failures. We also perform site-work services and railroad construction services, as well as services on natural gas systems, pipelines, refineries, petrochemical plants and other infrastructure assets, and failure of or accidents with respect to work we perform on any of these types of assets could result in significant claims or liabilities. We also manufacture certain products, including power transformers and mobile energy storage systems, and a failure of one of our products could also lead to similar operational hazards (e.g., explosions or mechanical failures).
Events arising from operational hazards and accidents have resulted in significant liabilities to us in the past and may expose us to significant claims and liabilities in the future. These claims and liabilities can arise through indemnification obligations to customers, our negligence, negligence by our subcontractors or otherwise, and such claims and liabilities can arise even if our operations are not the cause of the harm. Our exposure to liability can also extend for years after we complete our services, and potential claims and liabilities arising from significant accidents and events can take years and significant legal costs to resolve.
Potential liabilities include, among other things, claims associated with personal injury, including severeinjury or loss of life, and destruction of or significant damage to property and equipment (with respect to both our customers and other third parties), as well as harm to the environment, and other claims discussed above and can lead to suspension of operations, adverse effects to our safety record and reputation and/or material liabilities and legal costs. In addition, if any of these events or losses related thereto are alleged or found to be the result of our or our customer’s activities or services, we could be subject to government enforcement actions, civil or criminalpenalties, civil litigation and governmental actions, including investigations, citations, fines and suspension of operations. Insurance coverage may not be available to us or may be insufficient to cover the cost of any of these liabilities and legal costs, and our insurance costs may increase if we incur liabilities associated with operational hazards. If we are not fully insured or indemnified against such liabilities and legal costs or a counterparty fails to meet its indemnification obligations to us, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Further, to the extent our reputation or safety record is adversely affected, demand for our services could decline or we may not be able to bid for certain work.
Insurance and claims expenses, as well as the unavailability or cancellation of third-party insurance coverage, could have a material adverse effect on us.
As part of our overall risk management strategy, we self-insure, or insure through our wholly-owned captive insurance company, a significant portion of our claims exposure, including all amounts up to the applicable deductible of our third-party insurance programs and certain additional amounts related to the general and auto liability programs. We are also responsible for our legal expenses relating to such claims, which can be significant both on an aggregate and individual claim basis. As a supplement to our self-insurance program, we maintain insurance with excess insurance carriers for potential losses, which exceed the amounts we self-insure or insure through our wholly-owned captive insurance company, arising out of our business and operations, and such insurance is subject to high deductibles. We renew our third-party insurance policies on an annual basis, and therefore deductibles and levels of coverage offered may change in future periods, and there is no assurance that any of our coverages will be renewed at their current levels or at all or that any future coverage will be available at reasonable and competitive rates. In connection with such renewals, we evaluate the level of insurance coverage and adjust insurance levels
based on risk tolerance, risk volatility, and premium expense. Our insurance coverages may not be sufficient or effective under all circumstances or against all claims and liabilities asserted against us, and if we are not fully insured against such claims and liabilities, our business, financial condition. results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. For example, due to the increased occurrence and future risk of wildfires, as described above, insurers have reduced coverage availability and increased the cost of insurance coverage for such events in recent years. As a result, Quanta’s current level of insurance coverage for wildfire events may not be sufficient to cover potential losses in connection with these events. For more information see Risk Management and Insurance in Item 1. Business in Part I of this Annual Report
Further, there has been a wave of blockbuster, or so-called “nuclear” verdicts resulting from liabilities arising out of vehicle and other accidents in recent years. Given this current claims environment, the amount of coverage available from excess insurance carriers is decreasing, and the premiums for this excess coverage are increasing significantly. For the foregoing reasons, our insurance and claims expenses may increase, or we could increase our self-insured retention as policies are renewed or replaced. In addition, we may assume additional risk within our captive insurance company that we may or may not reinsure.
Although we reserve for anticipated losses and expenses and periodically evaluate and adjust our claims reserves to reflect our experience, estimating the number and severity of claims, as well as related costs to settle or resolve them, is inherently difficult and subject to a high degree of variability, and such costs could exceed our estimates. Accordingly, our actual losses associated with insured claims may differ materially from our estimates and materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in material amounts.
Our business and operating results are subject to physical risks associated with changes in climate.
Changes in climate have caused, and are expected to continue to cause, among other things, changes to meteorological and hydrological patterns, as well as impacts to the frequency and intensity of wildfires, hurricanes, floods, droughts, extreme heat, other storms and severe weather-related events and natural disasters. These changes have and may in the future impact our future operating results and may have a long-term impact on our business, results of operation, financial condition and cash flows. While we seek to mitigate these risks, we recognize that certain risks are inherent given how and where we conduct our operations. For example, catastrophic natural disasters can negatively impact projects we are working on, our facilities and other physical locations, portions of our equipment, or the locations and service regions of our customers. Accordingly, a natural disaster has the potential to disrupt our and our customers’ businesses and may cause us to experience work stoppages, project delays, financial losses and additional costs to resume operations, including increased insurance costs or loss of coverage, legal liability and reputational losses, and we expect that increasing physical climate-related impacts may result in further changes to the cost or availability of insurance in the future.
Physical risks associated with changes in climate have also increased hazards associated with certain of our operations, which in turn has increased the potential for liability and increased the costs associated with such operations. For example, as discussed above, severedrought and high wind speeds have significantly increased the risk of wildfires throughout the areas where we operate, which in turn has exposed us and other contractors to increased risk of liability in connection with our operations in those locations, as these events can be started by electrical power and other infrastructure on which we have performed services. Given the potentially significant liabilities associated with these events, to the extent we are deemed liable for a wildfire event, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, these climate conditions have also resulted in increased costs for wildfire-related third-party insurance and reduced the amount insurance carriers are willing to make available to us under such policies.
Our business is labor-intensive, and we may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees or we may incur significant costs in the event we are unable to efficiently manage our workforce or the cost of labor increases.
Our ability to efficiently manage our business and achieve our strategic initiatives is limited by our ability to employ, train and retain the necessary skilled personnel, which is subject to a number of risks. The demand for labor resources has continued to increase in response to the increasing duration and complexity of customer capital budgets, the commencement of new, large-scale infrastructure projects, increased demand for infrastructure improvements and reliability and increased pressure to reduce costs. The pool of skilled workers in certain of our industries has also been reduced, and may be further reduced, due primarily to an aging utility workforce and longer-term labor availability issues, including with respect to experienced program managers and qualified journeyman linemen available for our Electric segment and experienced supervisors and foremen for our Underground and Infrastructure segment. The cyclical nature of certain of the industries in which we operate can also create shortages of qualified labor during periods of high demand and production, and the amount of travel required for project management-level positions can impact the number of potential candidates that decide to enter our industries. A shortage in the supply of personnel creates competitive hiring markets that may result in increased labor expenses, and we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant education and training expenses in order to recruit and train employees. The uncertainty of contract award timing and project delays can also present difficulties in managing our workforce size. Additionally, we may not be able to attract and retain the necessary skilled personnel for our expanding product and
service offerings. Our inability to efficiently manage our workforce may require us to incur costs resulting from excess staff, reductions in staff, or redundancies that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Additionally, the inflationary pressure in the United States and our other markets has increased our labor costs. Under certain of our contracts, labor costs are passed through to customers, and the portion of our workforce that is represented by labor unions typically operates under multi-year collective bargaining agreements that provide some visibility into future labor costs. However, the costs related to a significant amount of our workforce are subject to market conditions, and therefore inflationary pressure could increase our labor costs with respect to those employees. Increased labor costs can also impact our customers’ decision-making with respect to viability or timing of certain projects, which could result in project delays or cancellations and in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The loss of, or reduction in business from, certain significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business.
A few customers have in the past and may in the future account for a significant portion of our revenues. For example, our ten largest customers accounted for 30% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025. Although we have long-standing relationships with many of our significant customers, a significant customer may unilaterally reduce or discontinue business with us at any time or merge or be acquired by a company that decides to reduce or discontinue business with us. A significant customer may also encounter financial constraints, based on cost of capital or other reasons, file for bankruptcy protection or cease operations, any of which could also result in reduced or discontinued business with us. The loss of business from a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in estimates related to revenues and costs associated with our contracts with customers could result in a reduction or elimination of revenues, a reduction of profits or the recognition of losses.
For fixed price contracts and certain unit-price contracts, we recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied over time and earnings or losses recognized on individual contracts are based on estimates of contract revenues, costs and profitability, as discussed in further detail in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. Changes in contract estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made, and contract losses are recognized in full when losses are determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. Variable consideration amounts, including performance incentives, early pay discounts and penalties, may also cause changes in contract estimates. In addition, we recognize amounts associated with change orders and/or claims as revenue when it is probable that the contract price will be adjusted and the amount of any such adjustment can be reasonably estimated. Actual amounts collected in connection with change orders and claims can differ from estimated amounts. Consequently, the timing for recognition of revenues and profit or loss and any subsequent changes in estimates is uncertain and could result in a reduction or an elimination of previously reported revenues or profits or the recognition of losses on the associated contract. Any such adjustments could be significant and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may fail to adequately recover on contract change orders or claims brought by us against customers.
We have in the past brought, and may in the future bring, claimsagainst our customers. For example, as of December 31, 2025, the amount recognized related to unapproved change orders and claims was $983.6 million, which is discussed further in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. These types of claims occur due to, among other things, impacts to projects as a result of factors not within the control of Quanta, such as natural disasters, significant weather events and public health events (e.g., pandemics), delays caused by customers and third parties and changes in project scope, which can result in additional costs that may not be recovered until the claim is resolved. While we generally negotiate with the customer for additional compensation, we may be unable to obtain, through negotiation, arbitration, litigation or otherwise, adequate amounts to compensate us for the additional work or expenses incurred. Litigation, arbitration or government approval (if needed) with respect to these matters is generally lengthy and costly, involves significant uncertainty as to timing and amount of any resolution, and can adversely affect our relationship with existing or potential customers. Furthermore, we can be required to invest significant working capital to fund cost overruns while the resolution of a claim is pending. Failure to obtain adequate and prompt compensation for these matters can result in a reduction of revenues and gross profit recognized in prior periods or the recognition of a loss. Any such reduction or loss can be substantial and can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
During the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings, as well as bonding claims and related reimbursement requirements.
We have in the past been, and may in the future be, named as a defendant in lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These actions seek, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury (including claims for loss of life), workers’ compensation, employment discrimination, sexual harassment, workplace misconduct, wage and hour claims and other employment-related damages, compensation for breach of contract, negligence or gross negligence or property damage, environmental liabilities, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal liabilities, punitivedamages, consequential damages, and civil penalties or other losses or injunctive or declaratory relief, as well as interest and attorneys’ fees associated with such claims. Furthermore, given the growth that we have experienced, we have become a more attractive target for lawsuits by various third parties.
In addition, we generally indemnify our customers for claims related to the services we provide and actions we take under our contracts, and, in some instances, we are allocated risk through our contract terms for actions by our customers, subcontractors or other third parties. Because our services in certain instances can be integral to the operation and performance of our customers’ infrastructure, we have been and may become subject to lawsuits or claims for any failure of the systems that we work on or damages caused by accidents and events related to such systems, even if our services are not the cause of such failures and damages. We could also be subject to civil and criminal liabilities, which could be material. Insurance coverage may not be available or may be insufficient for these lawsuits, claims or legal proceedings. The outcome of any allegations, lawsuits, claims or legal proceedings, as well as any public reaction thereto, is inherently uncertain and could result in significant costs, damage to our brands or reputation and diversion of management’s attention from our business. Payments of significant amounts, even if reserved, could materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, many customers, particularly in connection with new construction, require us to post performance and payment bonds. These bonds provide a guarantee that we will perform under the terms of a contract and pay our subcontractors and vendors. If we fail to perform, the customer may demand that the surety make payments or provide services under the bond, and we must reimburse the surety for any expenses or outlays it incurs. As of December 31, 2025, the total amount of our outstanding performance bonds was estimated to be approximately $14.9 billion. To the extent reimbursements are required, the amounts could be material and could adversely affect our consolidated business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We may be unsuccessful at generating internal growth, which could adversely affect our business.
Many of the factors affecting our ability to generate internal growth are beyond our control, and we cannot be certain that our strategies for achieving internal growth will be successful. Our ability to generate internal growth will be affected by, among other factors, our ability to profitably scale the services we currently offer; expand our overall service offerings and product solutions; attract new customers; increase the number of projects we perform for existing customers; hire and retain qualified employees; and expand geographically within our current markets, as well as our ability to address regulatory, environmental and permitting requirements and economic or market conditions that affect us or our customers. Our inability to successfully generate internal growth may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Many of our contracts may be canceled or suspended on short notice or may not be renewed upon completion or expiration, and we may be unsuccessful in replacing our contracts, which could adversely affect our business.
Our customers have in the past and may in the future cancel, delay or reduce the number or size of projects available to us for a variety of reasons, including capital constraints or inability to meet regulatory requirements. Furthermore, many of our customers may cancel or suspend our contracts on short notice even if we are not in default under the contract. Certain of our customers assign work to us on a project-by-project basis under MSAs. Under these agreements, our customers generally have no obligation to assign a specific amount of work to us. Additionally, the in-house service organizations of our existing or prospective customers are capable of performing, or acquiring businesses that perform, the same types of services we provide, and these customers may also face pressure or be compelled by regulatory or other requirements to self-perform an increasing amount of the services we currently perform for them, thereby reducing the services they outsource to us in the future. Our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows can be negatively impacted if our customers cancel or suspend contracts having significant value, we fail to renew or replace a significant number of our existing contracts when they expire or are completed or the anticipated volume of work under an existing MSA is not assigned to us.
The nature of our business exposes us to potential liability for warranty, engineering and other related claims.
We typically provide contractual warranties for our services and materials, guaranteeing the work performed against, among other things, defects in workmanship, and we may agree to indemnify our customers for losses related to our services. The length of these warranty periods varies and can extend for several years, and certain projects can have longer warranty
periods and include facility performance warranties that are broader than the warranties we generally provide. Warranties generally require us to re-perform the services and/or repair or replace the warranted item and any other facilities impacted thereby, at our sole expense, and we could also be responsible for other damages if we are not able to adequatelysatisfy our warranty obligations. In addition, we can be required under contractual arrangements with our customers to warrant any defects or failures in materials we provide. While we generally require materials suppliers to provide us warranties that are consistent with those we provide customers, if any of these suppliers default on their warranty obligations to us, we may incur costs to repair or replace the defective materials.
Furthermore, our business involves professional judgments regarding the planning, design, development, construction, operations and management of electric power, power generation, communications, underground utility, pipeline and other infrastructure. Because our projects are often technically complex, our failure to make judgments and recommendations in accordance with applicable professional standards, including engineering standards, could result in damages. A significantly adverse or catastrophic event at a project site or completed project resulting from the services we performed could result in significant professional or product liability, personal injury (including claims for loss of life) or property damageclaims or other claimsagainst us, as well as reputational harm. These liabilities could exceed our insurance limits or impact our ability to obtain third-party insurance in the future, and customers, subcontractors or suppliers who have agreed to indemnify us against any such liabilities or losses might refuse or be unable to pay us. As a result, warranty, engineering and other related claims could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Additionally, certain of our operating companies manufacture products sold to customers and other third parties, and we can be exposed to product liability and warranty claims if such products result in, or are alleged to result in, bodily injury and/or property damage or our products actually or allegedlyfail to perform as expected. Furthermore, certain of our products are designed to support critical infrastructure and any failure of such products could result in significant product liability and warranty claims, as well as damage to our reputation in the marketplace. Our product development, manufacturing and testing may be inadequate to detect all defects, errors, failures and quality issues, which could impact customer satisfaction or result in claimsagainst us. As a result, we may have, and from time to time have had, to replace certain components and/or provide remediation in response to the discovery of defects in our products, and the occurrence of any defect, error, failure or quality issue could result in cancellation of orders, product returns, damage to our reputation, diversion of our resources, lawsuits or claims by our customers or other third parties and other losses to us or to any of our customers or third parties, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We can incur liabilities or suffernegative financial or reputational impacts relating to health and safety matters.
Our operations are inherently hazardous and subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to the maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace. While we have invested, and will continue to invest, substantial resources in our occupational health and safety programs, our industry involves a high degree of operational risk, and there can be no assurance that we will avoid significant liability exposure. Although we have taken precautions designed to mitigate this risk, we have sufferedseriousaccidents, including fatalities, and we anticipate that our operations may result in additional seriousaccidents in the future. As a result of these events, we could be subject to substantial penalties, revocation of operating licenses, criminalprosecution or civil litigation, including claims for bodily injury or loss of life, that could result in substantial costs and liabilities. In addition, if our safety record were to substantially deteriorate or we were to suffer substantial penalties or criminalprosecution for violation of health and safety regulations, our customers could cancel our contracts and elect to procure future services from other providers. Unsafe work sites also have the potential to increase employee turnover, increase the costs of projects for our clients, and raise our operating costs. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Disruptions to our information technology systems or our failure to adequately protect critical data, sensitive information and technology systems could materially affect our business and reputation.
We rely on information technology systems to manage our operations and other business processes and to protect sensitive company information. We also collect and retain information about our customers, stockholders, vendors, employees, contractors, business partners and other parties, all of whom expect that we will adequately protect such information. We face numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information technology systems and confidential information as well as the systems and information of key third parties and information technology vendors upon whom we rely. Certain of our vendors have experienced cyber-attacks that exploitedvulnerabilities in their systems and have resulted in disruptions to their systems. While these events have not resulted in any known material impacts to our systems, we expect such attacks will continue in the future. Furthermore, the infrastructure systems and facilities on which we work are strategic targets that are at greater risk of cyber-attacks or acts of terrorism than other targets. Additionally, an intrusion into the information systems of a business we acquire may also ultimately compromise our systems. Our operations are decentralized with operating companies maintaining some of their own information systems, data and service providers, including some of their own security controls and processes. There can be no assurance that our cybersecurity
risk management program and processes, including policies, controls and procedures, designed to apply to our operating companies will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting all information systems and operations.
Our security measures and technology to protect our and our clients’ confidential or proprietary company information may not be successful, and there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent all threats to our systems and information. Moreover, we have acquired and continue to acquire companies with cybersecurity vulnerabilities and/or unsophisticated security measures, which exposes us to significant cybersecurity, operational, and financial risks until they are fully integrated into our information systems. Additionally, the increased use of remote working arrangements by employees, vendors, and other third parties has increased the exposure to possible attacks, thereby increasing the risk of a data security compromise.
We have experienced and addressed cyber-attacks, breaches and disruptions of our information systems, and systems of key third parties and information technology vendors that we rely upon, in the past, and we expect such events to continue to arise in the future. While to date we have not experienced any material impact as a result of these events, the ultimate impact of future and similar events remains unknown, and we expect additional vulnerabilities to arise. Cyber-attacks can result in compromises of our payment systems, monetary losses, inability to access or operate our systems (e.g., ransomware), delays in processing transactions or reporting financial results, the disclosure or misappropriation of confidential, personal or proprietary company information (including for the purpose of transacting in our stock), or the release of customer, stockholder, vendor or employee information. An attack could also cause material service disruptions to our internal systems or to our operating companies’ systems, or in extreme circumstances, infiltration into, damage to or loss of control of our customers’ energy infrastructure systems. Any such breach or disruption could subject us to material liabilities, cause damage to our reputation or customer relationships, or result in regulatory investigations or other actions by governmental authorities as well as litigation, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, we may incur substantial costs related to the investigation and reporting of any such breach or disruption. Additionally, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage information technology systems change frequently and are generally not identifiable until they are launched against a target, we are unable to anticipate all attacker techniques or to implement comprehensive preventative measures, particularly because threat actors are increasingly using tools, including artificial intelligence, that are designed to circumvent controls and evade detection. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of system disruptions and security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these disruptions and breaches.
In addition, as a contractor supporting government agencies with respect to certain projects, including the Department of Defense (DoD), we must adhere to regulatory cyber compliance requirements outlined in the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS), and other federal mandates with respect to these projects. The DoD has also finalized the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) process and commenced in late 2025 the process of incorporating CMMC assessments in applicable procurements. Obligations that may be imposed on us under the CMMC may be different from or in addition to those otherwise required by applicable laws and regulations, which may cause additional expense for compliance. Failure to meet these various requirements, whether mandated by regulation or contract, could cause material harm to our business, financial condition and reputation.
Any deterioration in the quality or reputation of our brands, which can be exacerbated by the effect of social media or significant media coverage, could have an adverse impact on our business.
Our brands and our reputation are among our most important assets, and our ability to attract and retain customers depends on brand recognition and reputation. Such dependence makes our business susceptible to reputational damage and to competition from other companies. A variety of events could result in damage to our reputation or brands, some of which are outside of our control, including:
• acts or omissions that adversely affect our business such as a crime, scandal, cyber-related incident, litigation or other negative publicity;
• failure to successfully perform, or negative publicity related to, a high-profile project, including, among others, our joint venture in LUMA and large-scale infrastructure projects (i.e., electric transmission projects, renewable and other generation projects and data center and manufacturing facilities);
• actual or potential involvement in a catastrophic fire, explosion, aviation incident, mechanical failure of infrastructure or similar event; or
• actual or perceived responsibility for a seriousaccident or injury.
Increased media coverage and interest in energy transition matters and our industries, along with the intensification of media coverage generally, including through the considerable expansion in the use of social media, have increased the volume and speed at which negative publicity arising from these events can be generated and spread, and we may be unable to timely respond to, correct any inaccuracies in, or adequately address negative perceptions arising from such media coverage. In
addition, negative publicity relating to certain projects may result in increased regulatory scrutiny, adverse rulings or regulatory actions. If the reputation or perceived quality of our brands decline or customers lose confidence in us, our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be adversely affected.
Our financial results, financial condition and other financial and operational disclosures are based upon estimates and assumptions that may differ from actual results or future outcomes.
In preparing our consolidated financial statements and financial and operational disclosures, estimates and assumptions are used by management to report, among other things, assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are necessary because certain information utilized is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from available data or cannot be readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In some cases, these estimates are particularly difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment, and as a result actual results and future outcomes can differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, our remaining performance obligations and backlog are difficult to determine with certainty. Customers often have no obligation under our contracts to assign or release work to us, and many contracts may be terminated on short notice. Cancellation or reduction in scope of a contract can significantly reduce the revenues and profit we recognize. Consequently, our estimates of remaining performance obligations and backlog may not be accurate, and we may not be able to realize our estimated remaining performance obligations and backlog.
Our results of operations and financial condition can also be adversely affected by impairments to goodwill, other intangible assets, and long-lived assets, the value of which is dependent upon certain estimates and assumptions. We record goodwill when we acquire a business, which must be tested at least annually for impairment. We have recorded impairments in the past, and any future impairments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations for the period in which the impairment is recognized. See Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition in Part II of this Annual Report for further information about our critical accounting estimates.
Our inability to successfully execute our acquisition strategy may have an adverse impact on our growth.
Our business strategy includes expanding our presence in the industries we serve and adjacent industries through strategic acquisitions of companies that complement or enhance our business. The number of acquisition targets that meet our criteria may be limited. We may also face competition for acquisition opportunities, and other potential acquirers may offer more favorable terms or have greater financial resources available for potential acquisitions. This competition may further limit our acquisition opportunities or raise the prices of acquisitions and make them less accretive, or possibly not accretive, to us. Furthermore, the increased antitrustscrutiny of and compliance requirements for potential acquisitions, including by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice under the Hart-Scott Rodino Act, the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act (each as amended) or other applicable laws, could negatively impact the cost and timing of or our ability to complete certain potential acquisitions. Failure to consummate future acquisitions could negatively affect our growth strategies.
Additionally, our past acquisitions have involved, and our future acquisitions may involve, significant cash expenditures and stock issuances, the incurrence or assumption of debt and other known and unknown liabilities and exposure to burdensome regulatory requirements. We may also discover previously unknown liabilities or, due to market conditions, be required pursuant to specific transaction terms to assume certain prior known liabilities associated with an acquired business, and we may have inadequate or no recourse under applicable indemnification provisions or representation and warranty insurance coverage (due to policy terms or lack of coverage at rates we believe are reasonable). Known liabilities may also change over time and become more severe than previously anticipated. As a result, past or future acquisitions may ultimately have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The success of our acquisition strategy also depends on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of the acquired businesses with our existing operations and realize the anticipated benefits from the acquired businesses, such as the expansion of our existing operations, expansion into new, complementary or adjacent business lines, elimination of redundant costs and capitalizing on cross-selling opportunities. Our ability to integrate and realize benefits can be negatively impacted by, among other things:
• failure of an acquired business to achieve the results we expect;
• diversion of our management’s attention from operational and other matters or other potential disruptions to our existing business;
• difficulties incorporating the operations and personnel, or inability to retain key personnel, of an acquired business;
• the complexities and difficulties associated with managing our business as it grows and evolves;
• additional financial reporting and accounting challenges associated with an acquired business;
• unanticipated events or liabilities associated with the operations of an acquired business;
• loss of business due to customer overlap or other factors; and
• risks and liabilities arising from the prior operations of an acquired business, such as performance, operational, safety, cybersecurity, environmental, workforce or other compliance or tax issues, some of which we may not have discovered or accurately estimated during our due diligence and may not be covered by indemnification obligations or insurance.
We cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully complete the integration process without substantial costs, delays, disruptions or other operational or financial problems. Failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Additionally, we also generally require that key management and former principals of the businesses we acquire agree to non-compete covenants in the purchase agreement or, as applicable, employment agreements. Enforceability of these non-competition agreements varies by jurisdiction and typically is dependent upon specific facts and circumstances, making it difficult to predict their enforceability. Therefore, if a member of the key management of the business we acquire is terminated, we might be subject to increased competition if the restrictive covenants entered into by such person are not enforceable or have expired, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our management structure could be inadequate to support our business as it expands and becomes more complex.
We cannot be certain that our management structure will be adequate to support our business as it continues to expand and become more complex. Due to our continued growth, as well as the increasing complexity of our projects, operations and industries, we may encounter difficulties managing our business, including with respect to our and our operating companies’ ability to coordinate and execute business strategies, plans and tactics. Furthermore, as our operations grow and increase in complexity, we may lack timely access to information that could impact the quality of decision-making by management or our ability to react to problems affecting key business matters. Future growth could also impose significant additional responsibilities on members of our senior management, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to recruit, integrate and retain new senior-level managers and executives. To the extent that we are unable to manage our growth effectively or are unable to attract and retain additional qualified management, we may not be able to continue to expand our operations or execute our business plan.
The loss of, or our inability to attract or keep, key personnel could disrupt our business.
We depend on the continued efforts of our executive officers, senior corporate management, regional leadership and management of our operating companies, which includes leadership and key personnel of the businesses we acquire. Although we typically enter into employment agreements with our executive officers and other key employees for initial terms of one year and subsequent renewal options, we cannot be certain that any individual will continue in such capacity for any particular period of time. We also depend on our ability to attract key operational and professional personnel as we grow our business and in order to establish and maintain an effective succession planning process. A shortage of these employees for various reasons, including intense competition for skilled employees, labor shortages, increased labor costs and the preference of some candidates to work remotely, could jeopardize our ability to successfully manage our decentralized operations or our ability to grow and expand our business. As a result, the loss of key personnel, as well as our inability to attract, develop and retain qualified employees that can succeed these key personnel, could negatively impact our ability to manage our business.
Our investments, including our joint ventures, expose us to risks and may result in conflicts of interest that could adversely impact our business or result in reputational harm.
We have entered into strategic relationships, joint ventures and other investment arrangements with various partners, including customers and infrastructure investors, through which we have invested in infrastructure assets and businesses, and we expect this activity to continue in the future. Certain of these investments are described further in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. These types of investments expose us to increased risks, including poor performance by the infrastructure projects or businesses in which we have invested due to, among other things, difficult market or economic conditions or slowdowns (which may occur across one or more industries, sectors or geographies), changes to the supply or demand and fluctuations in the price of commodities, or fluctuations in the market price of the equity securities we hold in a company. That negative performance could result in lower investment returns, a decline in value or total loss of our investments or the possible sale of our investments at values below our initial projections, including at a loss, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, our investments are often illiquid, as they are typically investments in private companies and/or subject to contractual restrictions that impose restrictions or lock-up periods affecting our ability to sell our interest, and as a result, we may not be able to exit an investment that is performing poorly, declining in value or resulting in reputational harm. Quanta may also be exposed to reputational harm based on poor or incomplete
performance of our investments or an investment fund in which we participate, or based on the actions or conduct of the entities in which we are invested or our partners in such investments, all of which may be outside of our control. Any such reputational harm could adversely affect our ability to secure certain future projects or participate in future investment opportunities. Further, our relationship with a customer or investor that partners with us in a poorly performing investment could become impaired, which may negatively impact our ability to continue providing services to that customer.
Conflicts of interest may also exist or arise as a result of the structure of our investment arrangements. For example, in these structures, Quanta can be the contractor for construction of a project as well as an equity investor in an entity that owns, manages or operates the project or possibly the manager of investments in the project. In those instances, conflicts of interest can exist for such things as contractor pricing and the handling of contractor change orders and other claims. While certain of these conflicts of interest are governed by applicable laws and regulations and we have also taken certain actions that we believe minimize or address anticipated conflicts of interest, including through internal management practices and the terms of agreements governing the investment arrangement, failure to properly manage such conflicts of interest, or even the appearance of a potential conflict of interest, can expose us to liability or harm our relationships with investment partners, which could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows or cause reputational harm to Quanta.
Additionally, the purpose of our joint ventures is typically to combine skills and resources to allow for the bidding and performance of particular projects, and the success of these projects can be adversely affected by the performance of our joint venture partners, over whom we may have little or no control. Differences in opinions or views between us and our joint venture partners may result in delayed decision-making or failure to agree on material issues that may adversely affect the business and operations of our joint ventures. We and our joint venture partners are also generally jointly and severally liable for all liabilities and obligations of a joint venture. If a joint venture partner fails to perform or is unable to satisfy required capital contributions or other obligations, including liabilities stemming from claims or lawsuits, we could be required to make additional investments, provide additional services or pay more than our proportionate share of a liability to make up for their shortfall. Further, if our partners experience cost overruns or project performance issues that we are unable to adequately address, the customer may terminate the project, which could result in legal liability to us, harm our reputation and reduce our profit or increase our loss on a project. As a result, the failure by a joint venture partner to successfully perform or comply with applicable laws, regulations or client requirements could negatively impact our business.
We extend credit to customers for purchases of our services and enter into other arrangements with certain of our customers, which subjects us to potential credit or investment risk.
We grant credit, generally without collateral, to our customers, which primarily include utilities, renewable energy developers, technology companies, communications providers, industrial companies and energy delivery companies located primarily in the United States, Canada and Australia. In certain circumstances, we also allow our customers to defer payment until certain project milestones have been met or until a project is substantially completed, and customers typically withhold some portion of amounts due to us as retainage until a project is complete. In addition, we have provided in the past and may provide in the future other forms of financing to our customers or make investments in our customers’ projects. These payment arrangements subject us to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors affecting our customers, and certain of our customers have experienced financial difficulties (including bankruptcy) in recent years, which has impacted our ability to collect amounts owed to us. If we are unable to collect amounts owed, or retain amounts paid to us, our cash flows are reduced, and we could experience losses. Business and economic factors resulting in financial difficulties (including bankruptcy) for our customers can also reduce the value of any financing or equity investment arrangements we have with our customers, thereby increasing the risk of loss in those circumstances. Losses experienced as a result of these credit and investment risks could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks associated with operating in international markets and U.S. territories could harm our business and prospects.
Our overall business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows can be negatively impacted by our activities and operations outside the continental United States, including our international operations and operations in U.S. territories. Although these operations are presently conducted primarily in Canada and Australia, we also perform work in other foreign countries and U.S. territories. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we derived $2.00 billion, or 7.0%, of our consolidated revenues from foreign operations, the substantial majority of which was related to Canada and Australia. Changes in economic conditions, including those resulting from wars and other geopolitical conflicts, civil unrest, public health crises, pandemics, acts of terrorism, or volatility in global markets, may adversely affect demand for our services and our customers’ ability to pay for our services. In addition, at times we are paid for work outside the United States in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Such payments are subject to fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates and may exceed our local currency needs, and, in certain instances, those amounts may be subject to temporary blocking, taxes or tariffs, and we may experience difficulties if we attempt to convert such amounts to U.S. dollars. Furthermore, to the extent the volume of services we provide internationally increases, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be further exposed to the effects of fluctuating exchange rates.
There are numerous other risks associated with operating in international markets and U.S. territories, including, but not limited to, changes in applicable regulatory requirements; political instability and interference; economic and social instability and civil unrest; unfamiliar legal systems or business and labor practices; changes in laws, rules or regulations or the interpretation or manner of enforcement of laws, rules and regulations; expropriation or nationalization of our assets and operations; and complex tax regulations and other laws and international treaties. For example, our joint venture LUMA is exposed to various of these risks operating in Puerto Rico.
Furthermore, we have incurred, and may incur in the future, significant costs or liabilities associated with an unsuccessful attempt to enter a new market and we have entered, and may in the future enter, a new market that ultimately proves to be unprofitable or has an otherwise adverse effect on our business. We may also incur significant costs and liabilities associated with winding down or exiting an existing market. These risks could restrict our ability to provide services to customers, operate our business in these locations profitably or fund our strategic objectives, which could negatively impact our overall business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Limitations on the availability of suppliers, subcontractors and equipment manufacturers that we depend on could adversely affect our business.
We rely on suppliers to obtain necessary materials and subcontractors to perform portions of our services, and our customers rely on suppliers for materials necessary for the construction, upgrade and repair and maintenance of their infrastructure. We also rely on equipment manufacturers to timely provide us with the equipment required to conduct our operations, including a significant number of specialty vehicles. Limitations on the availability of suppliers, subcontractors or equipment manufacturers could negatively impact our or our customers’ operations, particularly in the event we rely on a single or small number of providers. The risk of a lack of available suppliers, subcontractors or equipment manufacturers can be heightened as a result of market, regulatory or economic conditions. For example, customers in certain U.S. states and Canada, in order to receive certain funding or for other reasons, may expect or compel us to engage a specified percentage of services from suppliers or subcontractors that meet diversity-ownership requirements, which can further limit our pool of available suppliers and subcontractors and limit our ability to secure contracts, maintain our services or grow in those areas. Availability of suppliers and manufacturers may also be limited by U.S. trade and other foreign policies that restrict business relationships with certain suppliers and manufacturers, including tariffs, duties, taxes, assessments or other limitations on the availability or sourcing of materials or components for our projects.
Additionally, successful completion of our contracts can depend on whether our subcontractors successfully fulfill their contractual obligations. If our subcontractors fail to perform their contractual obligations, fail to meet the expected completion dates or quality or safety standards or fail to comply with applicable laws, such shortcomings may subject us to claims or liabilities, including from customers and third parties, or we may be required to incur additional costs or provide additional services to mitigate such shortcomings. As a result, regulatory or other requirements that require us to outsource a percentage of services to subcontractors, whether they are businesses meeting diversity-ownership requirements or otherwise, also limit our ability to self-perform our services, thereby potentially increasing performance risk associated with our services. Furthermore, services subcontracted to other service providers generally yield lower margins, and therefore these regulatory requirements can impact our profitability and results of operations.
There are also increasing expectations in various jurisdictions that companies monitor the environmental and social performance of their value chain, including compliance with a variety of labor practices, as well as consider a wider range of potential environmental and social matters. Compliance can be costly, require us to establish or augment programs to diligence or monitor our suppliers, or potentially design supply chains to avoid certain regions altogether. Failure to comply with such regulations can result in fines, contractual penalties, reputational damage, denial of import for materials for our projects, or otherwise adversely impact our business.
A lack of availability or an increase in the price of fuel, materials or equipment necessary for our business or our customers ’ projects could adversely affect our business.
Pursuant to certain contracts, including fixed price and EPC contracts where we have assumed responsibility for procuring materials for a project, we may be exposed to availability issues and price increases for materials that are utilized in connection with our operations, including, among other things, copper, steel, aluminum, specialized project components (e.g., transformers, solar panels, breakers, turbines, batteries) and raw materials utilized for certain of our product solutions. In addition, the timing of our customers’ ongoing projects, as well as their capital budgets and decision-making with respect to the timing of the future projects, can be negatively impacted by a lack of availability or an increase in prices of these materials. Prices and availability could be materially impacted by, among other things, supply chain and other logistical challenges (including inability of manufacturers to timely meet demand), global trade relationships (e.g., tariffs, duties, taxes, assessments, sourcing restrictions) and other general market and geopolitical conditions (e.g., inflation, market volatility, increased interest rates and geopolitical conflicts). The lack of availability of necessary materials could result in project delays, some of which could be attributable to us, and an increase in prices of materials could reduce our profitability on projects or negatively impact our customers, which
could have an adverse effect on demand for our services or our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, in the past sourcing restrictions on critical components for our customers’ projects (e.g., solar panels) have resulted in supply chain and logistical challenges, which negatively impacted certain of our services. We may continue to be impacted by sourcing restrictions, including, but not limited to, taxes, tariffs and duties, which may negatively impact project timing within certain of our markets in the future. Additionally, the availability of power transformers utilized in electric power projects has been negatively impacted by the inability of manufacturers to meet current market demand, which has increased, and is expected to continue to increase.
We also operate certain manufacturing facilities in the United States, and if such facilities experience a material interruption in operations it could cause delays in production and delivery of completed products to our customers or for use in connection with our services. Such delays may negatively impact our customers or the timing of their ongoing projects, which could have an adverse effect on demand for our services or our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We are also exposed to increases in energy prices, particularly fuel prices for our large fleet of vehicles, which have fluctuated significantly since 2020 and could increase over the longer term due to market conditions or future regulatory, legislative and policy changes. Furthermore, some of our fixed price contracts do not allow us to adjust our prices and certain of our other contracts, such as some long-term MSAs, allow for price adjustments within a certain range that may be insufficient for us to recover the full amount associated with increased fuel costs. As a result, increases in fuel costs could reduce our profitability with respect to such projects. Our ability to utilize certain existing vehicles within our fleet may also be limited by new emissions or other regulations, and, due to lack of production or availability, we may not be able to procure a sufficient number of vehicles meeting any such regulations. To the extent we are unable to utilize a significant portion of our existing fleet, we may be unable to perform services, which could have an adverse effect on our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The broader and longer-term implications of these challenges remain highly uncertain and variable and could negatively impact our overall business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Scrutiny and expectations from various stakeholders with respect to corporate sustainability practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to reputational or other risks.
Certain investors, customers and other stakeholders have focused on sustainability practices of companies, including, among other things, practices with respect to human capital resources, emissions and environmental impact and political spending. Expectations and requirements of our investors, customers and other third parties evolve rapidly and are largely out of our control, and our initiatives and disclosures in response to such expectations and requirements may result in increased costs (including but not limited to increased costs related to compliance, stakeholder engagement, contracting and insurance), changes in demand for certain services, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other adverse impacts to our business, financial condition, or results of operations. While we have programs and initiatives in place related to our sustainability practices, investors may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of our practices. In addition, our customers may require that we implement certain additional procedures or standards in order to continue to do business with us. A failure to comply with investor, customer and other stakeholder expectations and standards, which are evolving and can conflict, or if we are perceived not to have responded appropriately to their growing concerns around sustainability issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, could also cause reputational harm to our business and could have a material adverse effect on us. Moreover, while we may create and publish voluntary disclosures regarding sustainability matters from time to time, many of the statements in those voluntary disclosures are based on hypothetical expectations and estimates and assumptions that may not be representative of current or actual risks or events or forecasts of expected risks or events, including the costs associated therewith. Such expectations and assumptions are necessarily uncertain and may be prone to error or subject to misinterpretation given the long timelines involved and the lack of an established single approach to identifying, measuring and reporting on many sustainability matters. Additionally, we may be subject to new rules that would require companies to provide significantly expanded climate-related disclosures.
Risks Related to Our Industries
Negative macroeconomic conditions and industry-specific economic and market conditions can adversely impact our business.
Stagnant or declining economic conditions, including a prolonged economic downturn or recession, as well as significant events that have an impact on financial or capital markets, can adversely impact the demand for our services and result in the delay, reduction or cancellation of certain projects. Macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, slow growth or recession, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, changes in global trade relationships, and tighter credit and higher interest rates could materially adversely affect demand for our services and the availability and cost of the materials and equipment that we need to deliver our services or our customers need for their projects. During periods of elevated economic uncertainty, our customers may reduce or eliminate their spending on the services we provide. In addition, volatility in the debt or equity markets, as well as prolonged higher interest rates, may negatively impact our customers’ access to or willingness to raise capital and result in
the reduction or elimination of spending on the services we provide. Our vendors, suppliers and subcontractors may also be, to varying degrees, adversely affected by these conditions. These conditions, which can develop rapidly, could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and liquidity.
A number of factors can also adversely affect the industries we serve, including, among other things, the economic impact of supply chain and other logistical issues, financing conditions, potential bankruptcies and global and U.S. trade relationships and other geopolitical conflicts and other events. A reduction in cash flow or the lack of availability of debt or equity financing for our customers on favorable terms could result in a reduction in our customers’ spending for our services and also impact the ability of our customers to pay amounts owed to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Negative economic conditions in the electric power, energy or communications industries can also result in reduced spending by, or the loss of, one or more of our customers, including as a result of, among other things, consolidation, competition, capital constraints, concerns regarding the affordability of electricity to end consumers or a decrease in demand for electric power required by large load facilities.
Services within our Underground and Infrastructure segment are also exposed to risks associated with the oil and gas industry. These risks, which are not subject to our control, include the volatility of commodity prices and production volumes, the development of and consumer demand for alternative energy sources, and legislative and regulatory actions, as well as public opinion, regarding the impact of fossil fuels on the climate and environment. Specifically, lower prices or production volumes, or perceived risk thereof, can result in decreased or delayed spending by our customers, including with respect to larger pipeline and industrial projects. If our industries were adversely affected, our overall financial position, results of operations and cash flows could also be adversely affected or our stock price could be negatively impacted.
Our revenues and profitability can be negatively impacted if our customers encounter financial difficulties or file bankruptcy or disputes arise with our customers.
Our contracts often require us to satisfy or achieve certain milestones in order to receive payment, or in the case of cost-reimbursable contracts, provide support for billings in advance of payment. As a result, we can incur significant costs or perform significant amounts of work prior to receipt of payment. We face difficulties collecting payment and sometimes fail to receive payment for such costs in circumstances where our customers do not proceed to project completion, terminate or cancel a contract, default on their payment obligations, or dispute the adequacy of our billing support. We have in the past brought, and may in the future bring, claimsagainst our customers related to the payment terms of our contracts, and any such claims may harm our relationships with our customers.
Slowing economic conditions in the industries we serve can also impair the financial condition of our customers and hinder their ability to pay us on a timely basis or at all. To the extent a customer files bankruptcy, payment of amounts owed can be delayed and certain payments we receive prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition may be avoided and returned to the customer’s bankruptcy estate. Furthermore, many of our customers for larger projects are project-specific entities that do not have significant assets other than their interests in the project and could be more likely to encounter financial difficulties relating to their businesses. We ultimately may be unable to collect amounts owed to us by customers experiencing financial difficulties or in bankruptcy, and accounts receivable from such customers may become uncollectible and ultimately have to be written off, which could have an adverse effect on our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business is highly competitive, and competitive pressures could negatively affect our business.
We cannot be certain that we will maintain or enhance our competitive position or maintain our current customer base. Our industries are served by numerous companies, from small, owner-operated private companies to large multi-national, public companies. Relatively few barriers prevent entry into some areas of our business, and as a result, any organization that has adequate financial resources and access to technical expertise may become one of our competitors. In addition, some of our competitors have significant financial, technical and marketing resources, and may have or develop expertise, experience and resources to provide services that are superior in both price and quality to our services. Certain of our competitors may also have lower overhead cost structures, and therefore may be able to provide services at lower rates than us.
We also subcontract approximately 20% of our services, including pursuant to customer and regulatory requirements, and certain of these subcontractors may develop into a competitor to us on prime contracts with our customers. Our subcontracting requirements have also increased in recent years, primarily as a result of these requirements, which not only increases the number of viable competitors but could also negatively impact our ability to self-perform projects.
Furthermore, a substantial portion of our revenues is directly or indirectly dependent upon obtaining new contracts, which is unpredictable and often involves complex and lengthy negotiations and bidding processes that are impacted by a wide variety of factors, including, among other things, price, governmental approvals, financing contingencies, commodity prices, environmental conditions, overall market and economic conditions, and a potential customer’s perception of our ability to perform the work or the technological advantages held by our competitors. The competitive environment we operate in can also
affect the timing of contract awards and the commencement or progress of work under awarded contracts. For example, based on rapidly changing competition and market dynamics, we have recently experienced, and may in the future experience, more competitive pricing for smaller scale projects. Additionally, changing competitive pressures present difficulties in matching workforce size with available contract awards. As a result of the factors described above, the competitive environment we operate in can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Technological advancements and other market developments could negatively affect our business.
Technological advancements, market developments and other factors may increase our costs or alter our customers’ existing operating models or the services they require, which could result in reduced demand for our services. For example, a transition to a decentralized electric power grid, which relies on more dispersed and smaller-scale sources, could reduce the need for large infrastructure projects and significant maintenance and rehabilitation programs, thereby reducing demand for, or profitability of, our services. Additionally, if traditional utilities are unable to meet the electricity demand of certain industries, such as technology or manufacturing companies, while maintaining affordability of electric power to end consumers, it could alter existing operating models and could result in a reduction in demand for our services. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and adapt to these and other potential changes in a cost-effective manner and to offer services that meet customer demands and evolving industry standards. If we fail to do so or incur significant expenditures in adapting to such changes and technological advancements, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, we view our portfolio of energized services tools and techniques, as well as our other process and design technologies, as competitive strengths, which we believe differentiate our service offerings. If our intellectual property rights or work processes become obsolete, through technological advancements or otherwise, we may not be able to differentiate our service offerings and some of our competitors may be able to offer more attractive services to our customers, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Regulation and Compliance
Regulatory requirements applicable to our industries and changes in current and potential legislative and regulatory initiatives may adversely affect demand for our services.
Because the vast majority of our revenue is derived from a few industries, the federal, state, provincial and local regulations affecting those industries, including, among other things, environmental, safety, and permitting requirements and materials sourcing and transportation requirements, have a material effect on our business. These regulations are complex and subject to change both in substance and interpretation and often regulations across various industries and jurisdictions can differ or conflict, all of which can negatively impact our or our customers’ ability to efficiently operate. In recent years, customers in our industries have faced heightened regulatory requirements and increased regulatory enforcement, as well as private legal challenges related to regulatory requirements, which have resulted in delays, reductions in scope and cancellations of projects, in particular larger pipeline and transmission projects. Furthermore, certain regulatory requirements applicable to our customers are also required of us when we contract with such customers, and our inability to meet those requirements could also result in decreased demand for our services. Increased and changing regulatory requirements applicable to us and our customers have resulted in, among other things, project delays and decreased demand for our services in the past, and may do so in the future, which can adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
For example, in the past, sourcing restrictions on critical components for our customers’ projects have resulted in supply chain and logistical challenges, which negatively impacted certain of our services. We may be impacted in the future by sourcing restrictions, including, but not limited to, taxes, tariffs and duties, which may negatively impact project timing within certain of our markets in the future. Furthermore, with respect to our contracts under which we are responsible for procuring all or a portion of the materials needed for projects, including our EPC contracts, we are often required to comply with complex sourcing and transportation regulations, which can involve cross-border movement of such materials. Changes to, or our failure to comply with, these regulatory requirements can result in project delays and additional project costs, which may be substantial and not recoverable from third parties, and in some cases, we may be required to compensate the customer for such delays, including in circumstances where we have guaranteed project completion or performance by a scheduled date and incur liquidateddamages if we do not meet such schedule. Additionally, our failure to comply with these regulatory requirements could result in criminal or civil fines, penalties, forfeitures or other sanctions.
Regulatory requirements focused on concerns about climate-change related issues, including any new or changed requirements concerning the reduction, production or consumption of fossil fuels, could negatively impact the hydrocarbon production volumes of our customers, which could in turn negatively impact demand for certain of our services.
With respect to certain services within our Electric segment, current and potential legislative or regulatory initiatives may not be implemented or extended or result in incremental increased demand for our services, including legislation or regulation
that mandates percentages of power to be generated from renewable sources, requires utilities to meet reliability standards, provides for existing or new production tax credits for renewable energy developers, or encourages installation of new electric power transmission and renewable energy generation facilities. While these actions and initiatives have positively impacted demand for our services in the past, it is not certain whether they will continue to do so in the future.
Our unionized workforce and related obligations may adversely affect our operations.
As of December 31, 2025, approximately 36% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements and the number of our employees covered by collective bargaining agreements could increase in the future for a variety of reasons, including acquisitions, unionization of a non-union operating company, project requirements (e.g., project labor agreements) and changes in law. The labor environment in recent years has also generally been more conducive to unionization attempts, and we have experienced an increase in unionization attempts at certain of our operating companies, some of which have been successful, and we expect such attempts to continue in the future. For a variety of reasons, our unionized workforce could adversely impact relationships with our customers and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Certain of our customers also require or prefer a non-union workforce, and they may reduce the amount of work assigned to us if our non-union labor crews become unionized. Additionally, although the majority of the collective bargaining agreements prohibit strikes and work stoppages, certain of our unionized employees have participated in strikes and work stoppages in the past and strikes or work stoppages could occur in the future. Our ability to complete future acquisitions also could be adversely affected because of our operating companies’ union status, including because our union agreements may be incompatible with the union agreements of a business we want to acquire or because a business we want to acquire may not want to become affiliated with our operating companies that have employees covered by collective bargaining obligations.
Our collective bargaining agreements generally require us to participate with other companies in multiemployer pension plans. To the extent a plan is underfunded, we may be subject to substantial liabilities if we withdraw or are deemed to withdraw from the plan or the plan is terminated or experiences a mass withdrawal, and we have been involved in several litigation matters associated with withdrawal liabilities in the past. Further, special funding and operational rules are generally applicable to multiemployer plans that are classified as “endangered,” “seriouslyendangered” or “critical” status based on multiple factors (including, for example, the plan’s funded percentage, cash flow position and a projected minimum funding deficiency). Plans in these classifications must adopt remedial measures, which may require additional contributions from employers (e.g., a surcharge on benefit contributions) and/or modifications to retiree benefits. Certain plans to which we contribute or may contribute in the future have these funding statuses, and we may be obligated to contribute material amounts to these plans in the future, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For additional information on our contributions to, and the funding status of, these plans, see Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
We could be adversely affected by our failure to comply with the laws applicable to our foreign activities.
Applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-corruption laws, including but not limited to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), prohibit us from, among other things, corruptly making payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We pursue certain opportunities in countries that experience government corruption, and in certain circumstances, compliance with these laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our policies mandate compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws and our procedures and practices are designed to ensure that our employees and intermediaries comply with these laws. However, there can be no assurance that such policies, procedures and practices will protect us from liability under the FCPA or other similar laws for actions or inadvertences by our employees or intermediaries. Liability for such actions or inadvertences could result in severecriminal or civil fines, penalties, forfeitures, disgorgements or other sanctions, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, detecting, investigating and resolving actual or allegedviolations can be expensive and consume significant time and attention of our senior management, in-country management, and other personnel.
Additionally, as we expand our EPC services and/or pursuant to other contracts where we have assumed responsibility to procure all or part of the materials needed for certain projects, we source more materials from outside the United States and are subject to non-U.S. laws associated with the procurement and transportation of such materials. The laws and regulations associated with such cross-border procurement activities are complex and our failure to comply with such laws or regulations may result in criminal or civil fines, penalties, sanctions or other liabilities, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations could result in significant liabilities and increased costs.
Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations, including those dealing with the handling and disposal of waste products, PCBs, PFAS, fuel storage, batteries, water quality and air quality. These laws and regulations are complex and subject to change and in some cases, environmental laws also ascribe liability without respect to contribution to the contamination in question or the lawfulness of disposal at the time it occurred.
We perform work in many different types of underground environments. If the field location maps supplied to us are not accurate, or if objects are present in the soil that are not indicated on the field location maps, our underground work could strike objects in the soil, some of which may contain pollutants. These objects may also rupture, resulting in the discharge of pollutants. In such circumstances, we may be liable for fines and damages, and we may be unable to obtain reimbursement from any parties providing the incorrect information. We also perform work, including directional drilling, in and around environmentally sensitive areas such as rivers, lakes and wetlands. Due to the inconsistent nature of the terrain and water bodies, it is possible that such work may cause the release of subsurface materials that contain contaminants in excess of amounts permitted by law, potentially exposing us to remediation costs and fines.
Additionally, we own and lease numerous properties and facilities, including certain of which that contain above-and below-ground fuel storage tanks, which could leak and cause us to be responsible for remediation costs and fines, and certain of which that are or have been used for industrial purposes and may contain known or unknown environmental conditions that we are or may be responsible for maintaining, monitoring and/or remediating. The obligations, liabilities, fines and costs associated with these and other events and conditions can be material and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Moreover, new or changed laws and regulations, changes in interpretation of laws and regulations or the stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, as well as the discovery of previously unknown contamination or leaks or the imposition of new clean-up requirements, could require us to incur significant costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities. In certain instances, we have obtained indemnification and other rights from third parties (including predecessors or lessors) for such obligations and liabilities; however, these indemnities may not cover all of our costs and indemnitors may not pay amounts owed to us. Further, in connection with an acquisition, we cannot be certain that we identify all potential environmental liabilities relating to any acquired business when we are negotiating an indemnification right.
Certain regulatory requirements applicable to us and certain of our subsidiaries could materially impact our business.
We are subject to various specific regulatory regimes and requirements that could result in significant compliance costs and liabilities. As a public company, we are subject to various corporate governance and financial reporting requirements, including requirements for management to report on our internal controls over financial reporting and for our independent registered public accounting firm to express an opinion on the operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025; however, there can be no assurance that our internal control over financial reporting will be determined to be effective in future years. Failure to maintain effective internal controls, including the identification and remediation of significant internal control deficiencies in acquired businesses (both prior acquisitions and future acquisitions), could result in a decrease in the market value of our publicly traded securities, a reduced ability to obtain debt and equity financing, a loss of customers, fines or penalties, and/or additional expenditures to meet the requirements or remedy any deficiencies.
Furthermore, our wholly-owned captive insurance company is a registered insurance company with the Texas Department of Insurance, and therefore is subject to various rules and regulations and required to meet certain capital requirements, which can result in additional use of our resources.
We also collect and retain information about our customers, stockholders, vendors and employees. Legislation and regulatory requirements, as well as contractual commitments, affect how we must store, use, transfer and process the confidential information of our customers, stockholders, vendors and employees. These laws, as well as other new or changing legislative, regulatory or contractual requirements concerning data privacy and protection, could require us to expend significant additional compliance costs, and any failure to comply with such requirements can result in significant liability or harm to our reputation.
Changes in tax laws or our tax estimates or positions could adversely affect our financial results.
We are subject to extensive tax liabilities imposed by multiple jurisdictions, including income taxes, indirect taxes (excise/duty, sales/use, gross receipts, and value-added taxes), payroll taxes, franchise taxes, withholding taxes, and ad valorem taxes. New tax laws, treaties and regulations and changes in existing tax laws, treaties and regulations are continuously being enacted or proposed, all of which can result in significant changes to the tax rate on our earnings and have a material impact on our earnings and cash flows from operations. Since future changes to tax legislation and regulations are unknown, we cannot predict the ultimate impact such changes may have on our business. In addition, significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities, and our tax estimates and tax positions could be materially affected by many factors, including the final outcome of tax audits and related litigation, the introduction of new tax accounting standards, legislation, regulations and related interpretations, our global mix of earnings, our ability to realize deferred tax assets and changes in uncertain tax positions. A significant increase in our tax rate or change to our tax positions can have a material adverse effect on our profitability and liquidity.
Opportunities within the government arena could subject us to increased regulation and costs and may pose additional risks relating to future funding and compliance.
Most government contracts are awarded through a regulated competitive bidding process, which can often include more cumbersome compliance requirements and be more time consuming than the bidding process for non-governmental projects. This could require us to incur substantial costs, subject us to increased liability for our disclosures, and influence our business strategy in ways other than we might prefer. Additionally, involvement with government contracts could require a significant amount of costs to be incurred before any revenues are realized. We are also subject to numerous procurement rules and other public sector regulations when we contract with certain governmental agencies, any deemed violation of which could lead to fines or penalties or a loss of business. Government agencies routinely audit and investigate government contractors and may review a contractor’s performance under its contracts, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. If a government agency determines that costs were improperly allocated to specific contracts, such costs will not be reimbursed or a refund of previously reimbursed costs may be required. If a government agency alleges or proves improper activity, civil and criminalpenalties could be imposed and serious reputational harm could result. Many government contracts must be appropriated each year, and without re-appropriation we would not realize all of the potential revenues from any awarded contracts. Furthermore, certain of our federal government contracts require us to have security clearances, which can be difficult and time consuming to obtain. If our employees or our facilities are unable to obtain or retain the necessary security clearances, our clients could terminate or not renew existing contracts or award us new contracts. Additionally, U.S. government shutdowns or any related under-staffing of the government departments or agencies that interact with our business could result in program cancellations, disruptions and/or stop work orders, could limit the government’s ability to effectively progress programs and make timely payments, and could limit our ability to perform on our existing U.S. government contracts and successfully compete for new work.
Immigration laws, including our inability to verify employment eligibility and restrictions on movement of our foreign employees, could adversely affect our business or reputation.
We employ a significant number of employees, and while we utilize processes to assist in verifying the employment eligibility of our employees so that we maintain compliance with applicable laws, it is possible some of our employees may be unauthorized workers. In addition, we utilize certain non-immigrant visas to allow us to temporarily transfer certain of our foreign employees to the United States, and we utilize foreign immigration laws to allow certain of our employees to temporarily transfer to foreign countries. The employment of unauthorized workers or failure to comply with the requirements of these non-immigrant visas could subject us to fines, penalties and other costs, as well as result in adverse publicity that negatively impacts our reputation and brand and may make it more difficult to hire and retain qualified employees. Immigration laws have also been an area of considerable political focus in recent years, and, from time-to-time, the U.S. government considers or implements changes to federal immigration laws, regulations or enforcement programs. Changes in immigration or work authorization laws may increase our obligations for compliance and oversight, which could subject us to additional costs and potential liability and make our hiring and employee transfer processes more cumbersome, or reduce the availability of potential employees.
Risks Related to Financing Our Business
We may not have access in the future to sufficient funding to finance desired growth and operations.
If we cannot secure future funds or financing on acceptable terms or generate sufficient cash flow, we may be unable to support our future operations or growth strategy. The timing of our funding needs and the size of our operations and strategic initiatives that require capital cannot be readily predicted and may be substantial. We also rely on financing companies to fund the leasing of certain of our equipment, and credit market conditions may restrict access to capital for the leasing of additional equipment. A lack of available capital to fund the leasing of equipment could negatively impact our future operations.
The credit agreement for our senior credit facility and the indenture for our senior notes contain certain restrictions, including financial covenants and other restrictions on our ability to borrow amounts under the credit agreement and limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or conduct certain types of preferred equity financings. Our ability to increase the current commitments under our senior credit facility is also dependent upon additional commitments from our lenders. Furthermore, if we seek additional debt or equity financings, we cannot be certain they will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all, as banks are often restrictive in their lending practices, and our ability to access capital markets for financing could be limited by, among other things, our existing capital structure, our credit ratings, the state of the economy, the health of our industries, and the liquidity of the capital markets. If we are unable to borrow under our senior credit facility or secure other financing or if our lenders become unable or unwilling to fund their commitments to us, we may not be able to access the capital needed to fund our growth and operations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For additional information on the terms of our senior credit facility, senior notes and commercial paper facility, please read Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
Additionally, the market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in the past, and may fluctuate significantly in the future, in response to various factors, including events beyond our control, which could impact our ability to utilize capital markets to obtain funds. A variety of events may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly, including overall market conditions or volatility, actual or perceived negative financial results or other unfavorable information relating to us or our market peers.
We have a significant amount of debt, and our significant indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under our other debt.
We have a significant amount of debt and debt service requirements. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $5.23 billion of outstanding long-term debt, net of current maturities. We also had $2.42 billion of aggregate undrawn borrowing capacity under our senior credit facility and commercial paper program as of December 31, 2025. This level of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:
• making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under our outstanding debt;
• resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements, which event of default could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable;
• reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or strategic investments, dividends and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes;
• subjecting us to the risk of increasing interest expense on variable rate indebtedness, including borrowings under our senior credit facility and commercial paper program;
• limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to changes in our business, the industries in which we operate and the general economy;
• limiting our ability to pursue business opportunities that become available to us; and
• placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged.
Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations on our existing indebtedness.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our operations to pay our indebtedness.
Our ability to generate cash in order to make scheduled payments on the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. In addition, our ability to borrow funds in the future to make payments on our debt will depend on the satisfaction of the covenants in our senior credit facility and our other financing and other agreements we may enter into in the future. Specifically, we will need to maintain certain financial ratios. Our business may not continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future and future borrowings may not be available to us under our senior credit facility and commercial paper facility or from other sources in an amount sufficient to service our indebtedness to make necessary capital expenditures or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we are unable to generate cash from our operations or through borrowings, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness or refinance our indebtedness will depend on factors including the state of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, as well as the terms of our financing agreements. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk.
Borrowings under our senior credit facility and commercial paper facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. Interest rates increased significantly during 2022 and 2023, and remained elevated in 2024 and most of 2025. As a result, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness have increased and may continue to increase even if the amount we borrow remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II and Interest Rate Risk in Item 7A. Q uantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk of this Annual Report for further information about our debt subject to variable interest rates.
We may be unable to compete for projects if we are not able to obtain surety bonds, letters of credit or bank guarantees.
A portion of our business depends on our ability to provide surety bonds, letters of credit, bank guarantees or other financial assurances. Current or future market conditions, including losses incurred in the construction industry or as a result of large corporate bankruptcies, as well as changes in our sureties’ assessment of our operating and financial risk, could cause our surety providers and lenders to decline to issue or renew, or substantially reduce the amount of, bid or performance bonds for our work and could increase our costs associated with collateral. These actions could be taken on short notice. If our surety providers or lenders were to limit or eliminate our access to bonding, letters of credit or guarantees, our alternatives would include seeking capacity from other sureties and lenders or finding more business that does not require bonds or that allows for other forms of collateral for project performance, such as cash. We may be unable to secure these alternatives in a timely manner, on acceptable terms, or at all, which could affect our ability to bid for or work on future projects requiring financial assurances.
Under standard terms in the surety market, sureties issue or continue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issue bonds at any time or require the posting of additional collateral as a condition to issuing or renewing bonds. If we were to experience an interruption or reduction in the availability of bonding capacity as a result of these or other reasons, we may be unable to compete for or work on certain projects that require bonding.
A downgrade in our debt rating could restrict our ability to access the capital markets.
The terms of our financings are, in part, dependent on the credit ratings assigned to our debt by independent credit rating agencies. We cannot provide assurance that our current credit rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that it will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency. Factors that may impact our credit rating include, among other things, our debt levels and liquidity, capital structure, financial performance, planned asset purchases or sales, near- and long-term growth opportunities, customer base and market position, geographic diversity, regulatory environment, project performance and risk profile. A downgrade in our credit rating, particularly to non-investment grade levels, would prevent us from issuing commercial paper under our current commercial paper program and result in the conversion of all our outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper facility to revolving borrowings under our senior credit facility, which are subject to a higher interest rate. Additionally, a downgrade in our credit rating could limit our ability to access the debt capital markets or refinance our existing debt or cause us to refinance or issue debt with less favorable terms and conditions. An increase in the level of our indebtedness and related interest costs may increase our vulnerability to adverse general economic and industry conditions and may affect our ability to obtain additional financing, as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our sale or issuance of additional common stock or other equity-related securities could dilute each stockholder’s ownership interest or adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We often fund a significant portion of the consideration paid in connection with our acquisitions with the issuance of additional equity securities, including contingent consideration amounts payable if acquired businesses achieve certain performance objectives during specified post-acquisition periods. We also utilize stock-based compensation as a key component of our compensation program. We expect to issue additional equity securities in the future in connection with these and other practices. Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that we may issue up to 600,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 149,577,564 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2025. Any additional issuances of common stock would have the effect of diluting our earnings per share and our existing stockholders’ individual ownership percentages and lead to volatility in the market price of our common stock. We cannot predict the effect that future issuances of our common stock or other equity-related securities would have on the market price of our common stock.
There can be no assurance that we will declare or pay future dividends on our common stock.
The declaration, amount and timing of future dividends are subject to capital availability and determinations by our Board that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all respective laws and applicable agreements. Our ability to declare and pay dividends will depend upon, among other factors, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, current and anticipated expansion plans, requirements under Delaware law and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments could have a material negative effect on our stock price .
Certain provisions of our corporate governing documents could make an acquisition of our company more difficult.
The following provisions of our charter documents, as currently in effect, and Delaware law could discourage potential proposals to acquire us, delay or prevent a change in control of us or limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock:
• our certificate of incorporation permits our Board to issue “blank check” preferred stock and to adopt amendments to our bylaws;
• our bylaws contain restrictions regarding the right of stockholders to nominate directors and to submit proposals to be considered at stockholder meetings;
• our certificate of incorporation and bylaws restrict the right of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders and to act by written consent; and
• we are subject to provisions of Delaware law which restrict us from engaging in any of a broad range of business transactions with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the date such stockholder became classified as an interested stockholder.
Overview
Our 2025 results reflect increased demand for our services, as consolidated revenues and operating income increased as compared to 2024, with increased revenues and operating income in both our Electric and Underground and Infrastructure segments.
With respect to our Electric segment, utilities are continuing to invest significant capital in their electric power delivery systems through multi-year grid modernization and reliability programs, as well as system upgrades and hardening programs in response to recurring severe weather events. We have also experienced high demand for new and expanded transmission, substation and distribution infrastructure needed to reliably transport power. In particular, we continue to experience strong demand from our utility customers, which we believe is driven by increasing demand for electricity associated with, among other things, data centers and other technology-related dynamics, domestic manufacturing reshoring initiatives and overall electrification trends. Our acquisition of Cupertino Electric, Inc. (CEI) during 2024 also resulted in increased demand for our critical path electrical design and installation solutions from the technology and data center industry, as well as our utility scale solar and battery storage solutions. The cost-effectiveness of solar, wind energy and battery storage, combined with a meaningful increase in current and forecasted electricity demand is continuing to drive demand for renewable generation and related infrastructure (e.g., high-voltage electric transmission and substation infrastructure and battery storage), as well as interconnection services necessary to connect and transmit renewable-generated electricity to existing electric power delivery systems. Despite these positive longer-term trends, in the past, supply chain challenges, policy and regulatory uncertainty and other factors have resulted in project delays and increased project costs and could negatively impact future periods.
With respect to our Underground and Infrastructure segment, we continue to believe the market for our industrial solutions and gas utility and pipeline integrity services remains solid given the recurring critical-path maintenance requirements and regulated spend dedicated to modernizing systems, reducing methane emissions, ensuring environmental compliance and improving safety and reliability. However, revenues associated with large pipeline projects have fluctuated in recent years, and we anticipate that revenues associated with these projects will continue to fluctuate. Our acquisition of Dynamic Systems (DSI), LLC (Dynamic Systems) during 2025 expanded our capabilities and solutions related to turnkey mechanical, plumbing and process infrastructure solutions. We see strong demand for these services by data center, manufacturing, semiconductor and other large load facilities and believe there are also opportunities to provide these services to other core end markets.
During 2025, increased revenues and operating income contributed to $2.23 billion of net cash provided by operating activities, which was an 7.1% increase compared to 2024. This cash provided by operating activities, along with borrowings under our credit facility and commercial paper program and issuance of senior notes described below, allowed us to execute our business plan, including the strategic acquisitions of certain businesses and investments in unconsolidated affiliates, for which we utilized $3.30 billion of cash; repurchases of $134.6 million of common stock, and payments of $60.4 million in dividends
associated with our common stock. Additionally, as of December 31, 2025, available commitments under our senior credit facility, combined with our cash and cash equivalents, totaled $2.86 billion.
In August 2025, we issued $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes and received net proceeds of $1.48 billion, net of the original issue discount, underwriting discounts and deferred financing costs, and used the proceeds to repay certain outstanding borrowings. Our debt financing arrangements are more fully described in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
We expect the strong demand for our services will continue. Our remaining performance obligations and backlog were $23.76 billion and $43.98 billion as of December 31, 2025, representing increases of 41.8%, and 27.3% relative to December 31, 2024. For a reconciliation of backlog to remaining performance obligations, the most comparable financial measure prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), see Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.
For additional information regarding our overall business environment, see Overview in Part I, Item 1. Business of this Annual Report.
Significant Factors Impacting Results
Our revenues, profit, margins and other results of operations can be influenced by a variety of factors in any given period, including those described in Item 1. Business and Item 1A. Risk Factors of Part I of this Annual Report, and those factors have caused fluctuations in our results in the past and are expected to cause fluctuations in our results in the future. Additional information with respect to certain of those factors is provided below.
Seasonality. Typically, our revenues are lowest in the first quarter of the year because cold, snowy or wet conditions can create challenging working environments that are more costly for our customers or cause delays on projects. In addition, infrastructure projects often do not begin in a meaningful way until our customers finalize their capital budgets, which typically occurs during the first quarter. Second quarter revenues are typically higher than those in the first quarter, as some projects begin, but continued cold and wet weather can often impact productivity. Third and fourth quarter revenues are typically the highest of the year, as a greater number of projects are underway and operating conditions, including weather, are normally more accommodating. During the fourth quarter, projects are often completed and customers often seek to spend their capital budgets before year end. However, the holiday season and inclement weather can sometimes cause delays during the fourth quarter, reducing revenues and increasing costs. These seasonal impacts are typical for our U.S. operations, but seasonality for our international operations may differ. For example, revenues for certain projects in Canada are typically higher in the first quarter because projects are often accelerated in order to complete work while the ground is frozen and prior to the break up, or seasonal thaw, as productivity is adversely affected by wet ground conditions during warmer months.
Weather, natural disasters and emergencies. The results of our business in a given period can be impacted by adverse weather conditions, severe weather events, natural disasters or other emergencies, which include, among other things, heavy or prolonged snowfall or rainfall, hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, floods, blizzards, extreme temperatures, wildfires, post-wildfire floods and debris flows, pandemics and earthquakes. Climate change has the potential to increase the frequency and extremity of severe weather events. These conditions and events can negatively impact our financial results due to, among other things, the termination, deferral or delay of projects, reduced productivity and exposure to significant liabilities due to failure of electrical power or other infrastructure on which we have performed services. However, severe weather events can also increase our emergency restoration services, which typically yield higher margins due in part to higher equipment utilization and absorption of fixed costs.
Demand for services . Some of our services are provided under contracts, including MSAs and similar agreements, pursuant to which our customers are not committed to specific volumes of our services. Therefore our volume of business can be positively or negatively affected by fluctuations in the amount of work our customers assign us in a given period, which may vary by geographic region. Examples of items that may cause demand for our services to fluctuate materially from quarter to quarter include: the financial condition of our customers, their capital spending and their access to and cost of capital; acceleration of any projects or programs by customers (e.g., modernization or hardening programs); economic and political conditions on a regional, national or global scale, including availability of renewable energy tax credits; interest rates; governmental regulations affecting the sourcing and costs of materials and equipment; other changes in U.S. and global trade relationships (e.g., tariffs, taxes); and project deferrals and cancellations.
Revenue mix and impact on margins. The mix of revenues based on the types of services we provide in a given period will impact margins, as certain industries and services provide higher-margin opportunities. Our larger or more complex projects typically include, among others, transmission projects with higher voltage capacities; pipeline projects with larger-diameter throughput capacities; large-scale power generation projects; complex data center projects; and projects with increased engineering, design or construction complexities, more difficult terrain or geographical requirements, or longer distance
requirements. These projects typically yield opportunities for higher margins than our recurring services under MSAs described above, as we assume a greater degree of performance risk and there is greater utilization of our resources for longer construction timeframes. However, larger projects are subject to additional risk of regulatory delay and cyclicality. Project schedules also fluctuate, particularly in connection with larger, more complex or longer-term projects, which can affect the amount of work performed in a given period. Furthermore, smaller or less complex projects typically have a greater number of companies competing for them, and competitors at times may more aggressively pursue available work. A greater percentage of smaller scale or less complex work also could negatively impact margins due to the inefficiency of transitioning between a greater number of smaller projects versus continuous production on fewer larger projects. As a result, at times we may choose to maintain a portion of our workforce and equipment in an underutilized capacity to ensure we are strategically positioned to deliver on larger projects when they move forward.
Project variability and performance. Margins for a single project may fluctuate period to period due to changes in the volume or type of work performed, the pricing structure under the project contract or job productivity. Additionally, our productivity and performance on a project can vary period to period based on a number of factors, including unexpected project difficulties or site conditions (including in connection with difficult geographic characteristics); project location, including locations with challenging operating conditions; whether the work is on an open or encumbered right of way; inclement weather or severe weather events; environmental restrictions or regulatory delays; protests, public activism, other political activity or legal challenges related to a project; and the performance of third parties. Moreover, we currently generate a significant portion of our revenues under fixed price contracts, and fixed price contracts are more common in connection with our larger and more complex projects that typically involve greater performance risk. Under these contracts, we assume risks related to project estimates and execution, and project revenues can vary, sometimes substantially, from our original projections due to a variety of factors, including the additional complexity, timing uncertainty or extended bidding, regulatory and permitting processes associated with these projects. These variations can result in a reduction in expected profit, the incurrence of losses on a project or the issuance of change orders and/or assertion of contract claimsagainst customers. See Contract Estimates and Changes in Estimates in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
Subcontract work and provision of materials. Work that is subcontracted to other service providers generally yields lower margins, and therefore an increase in subcontract work in a given period can decrease operating margins. In recent years, we have subcontracted approximately 20% of our work to other service providers. Additionally, under certain contracts, including contracts for engineering, procurement and construction services, we agree to procure all or part of the required materials. While we attempt to structure our agreements with customers and suppliers to account for the impact of increased materials procurement requirements or fluctuations in the cost of materials we procure, our margins may be lower on projects where we furnish a significant amount of materials, as our markup on materials is generally lower than our markup on labor costs, and in a given period an increase in the percentage of work with greater materials procurement requirements may decrease our overall margins, including in some cases our assuming price risk. Furthermore, fluctuations in the price or availability of materials, equipment and consumables that we or our customers utilize could impact costs to complete projects.
Results of Operations
Consolidated Results
The following table sets forth selected statements of operations data, such data as a percentage of revenues for the years indicated, as well as the dollar and percentage change from the prior year (dollars in thousands).
Year Ended December 31,
Change
Revenues
Cost of services
Gross profit
Equity in earnings of integral unconsolidated affiliates
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Increase in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities
Operating income
Interest and other financing expenses
Interest income
Other income, net
Income before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to common stock
Revenues. Revenues increased due to a $3.99 billion increase in revenues from our Electric segment and an $817.8 million increase in revenues from our Underground and Infrastructure segment. See Segment Results below for additional information and discussion related to segment revenues.
Cost of services. Costs of services primarily includes wages, benefits, subcontractor costs, materials, equipment, and other direct and indirect costs, including related depreciation. The increase in cost of services generally correlates to the increase in revenues.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. The increase was primarily attributable to $202.5 million related to recently acquired businesses and a $64.1 million increase in acquisition and integration costs. Also contributing to the increase was a $30.8 million increase in compensation expense, largely associated with increased incentive compensation due to increased levels of profitability. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 included $18.5 million of foreign currency translation losses in connection with our substantial liquidation from Latin American operations. The remaining increase primarily relates to growth of business.
Amortization of intangible assets. The increase was related to incremental amortization expense associated with acquisitions, primarily the acquisitions of Dynamic Systems and CEI.
Operating income. Operating income was positively impacted by a $401.6 million increase in operating income for our Electric segment and a $133.2 million increase in operating income for our Underground and Infrastructure segment, partially offset by a $269.8 million increase in corporate and non-allocated costs, which includes amortization expense. Results for each of our business segments and corporate and non-allocated costs are discussed in Segment Results below.
Interest and other financing expenses. The majority of the increase resulted from higher levels of principal on fixed rate debt balances as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase resulted primarily from the issuance of $1.50 billion of aggregate principal amount of senior notes in August 2025 and $1.25 billion of aggregate principal amount of senior notes in August 2024, partially offset by the repayment of $500 million principal amount of senior notes in October 2024.
Provision for income taxes . The effective income tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were 25.0% and 23.5%. The higher effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to a $24.8 million lower U.S.
federal and state tax benefit from vesting of equity incentive awards. This increase in rate was partially offset by $12.0 million decrease in accruals for changes in uncertain tax positions compared to 2024. The components of our provision for income taxes are quantified in more detail in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
Comprehensive income. See Statements of Comprehensive Income in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. Comprehensive income attributable to common stock increased by $278.8 million in 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily due to a $172.9 million increase in foreign currency translation adjustments and a $114.6 million increase in net income. Additionally, comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2024 included $18.5 million of foreign currency translation losses recognized to net income in connection with our substantial liquidation from Latin American operations. The predominant functional currencies for our operations outside the U.S. are Canadian and Australian dollars. Foreign currency translation adjustment gain in the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily resulted from the weakening of the U.S. dollar against both the Canadian and Australian dollars as of December 31, 2025 when compared to December 31, 2024.
Segment Results
Reportable segment information, including revenues and operating income by type of work, is gathered from each of our operating companies. Classification of our operating company revenues by type of work for segment reporting purposes can at times require judgment on the part of management. Integrated operations and common administrative support for operating companies require that certain allocations be made to determine segment profitability, including allocations of corporate shared and indirect operating costs, as well as general and administrative costs. Certain corporate costs are not allocated, including corporate facility costs; non-allocated corporate salaries, benefits and incentive compensation; acquisition and integration costs; non-cash stock-based compensation; amortization related to intangible assets; asset impairments related to goodwill and intangible assets; and change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities.
Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024
The following table sets forth segment revenues, segment operating income, corporate and non-allocated costs and operating margins for the periods indicated, as well as the dollar and percentage change from the prior period (dollars in thousands), with certain of our segment results of operations recast to conform to our current segment reporting structure as described above:
Year Ended December 31,
Change
Revenues :
Electric
Underground and Infrastructure
Consolidated revenues
Operating income (loss):
Electric
Underground and Infrastructure
Corporate and Non-Allocated Costs
Consolidated operating income
Electric Segment Results
Revenues. The increase in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to increased demand for our services, as well as approximately $1.87 billion in revenues attributable to acquired businesses.
Operating Income. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to the increase in revenues.
Underground and Infrastructure Segment Results
Revenues. The increase in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to approximately $925 million in revenues attributable to acquired businesses, partially offset by lower revenues from large pipeline projects in Canada.
Operating Income. The increase in operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to increased revenues, which contributed to higher levels of fixed cost absorption, as well as overall mix of work performed during the period including from the acquired businesses. Additionally, the operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 was also negatively impacted by an $11.9 million loss related to the disposition of a non-core business.
Corporate and Non-Allocated Costs
The increase in corporate and non-allocated costs during the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to a $115.8 million increase in intangible asset amortization expense and a $54.0 million increase in compensation expense, which was attributable to increased salaries, incentive compensation and non-cash stock compensation expense in support of business growth and, with respect to incentive compensation, increased levels of profitability. Also contributing to the increase was a $44.5 million increase in acquisition and integration costs and a $24.1 million increase in expense related to change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities.
Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023
As described above, certain amounts in the following table have been recast to conform to our current segment reporting structure. The following table sets forth segment revenues, segment operating income, corporate and non-allocated costs and operating margins for the periods indicated, as well as the dollar and percentage change from the prior period (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Change
Revenues :
Electric
Underground and Infrastructure
Consolidated revenues
Operating income (loss):
Electric
Underground and Infrastructure
Corporate and Non-Allocated Costs
Consolidated operating income
Electric Segment Results
Revenues. The increase in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to approximately $1.54 billion in revenues attributable to acquired businesses in 2024 and the rising demand for our services, including generation and transmission services for renewable generation projects.
Operating Income. The increase in operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the increase in revenues and change in the overall mix of work, including an increase in higher margin emergency restoration services. The increase in operating margin was also impacted by improved performance on transmission and generation projects, partially offset by increased costs on two solar projects in the United States.
Underground and Infrastructure Segment Results
Revenues. The decrease in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to lower revenues from large pipeline projects. This decrease was partially offset by approximately $215 million in revenues attributable to an acquired business.
Operating Income. The decrease in operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to decreased revenues and overall mix of work performed during the period, which contributed to lower levels of fixed cost absorption, and an $11.9 million loss recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024 related to the disposition of a non-core business.
Corporate and Non-Allocated Costs
The increase in corporate and non-allocated costs during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to a $93.9 million increase in intangible asset amortization expense associated with acquisitions, including CEI, and a $36.0 million increase in compensation expense, which was primarily attributable to increased non-cash stock compensation and salary expense in support of business growth and associated with acquisitions.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, financial measures not recognized under GAAP, when used in connection with net income attributable to common stock, are intended to provide useful information to investors and analysts as they evaluate our performance. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest and other financing expenses, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA adjusted for certain other items as described below. These measures should not be considered as an alternative to net income attributable to common stock or other financial measures of performance that are derived in accordance with GAAP. Management believes that the exclusion of these items from net income attributable to common stock enables us and our investors to more effectively evaluate our operations period over period and to identify operating trends that might not be apparent due to, among other reasons, the variable nature of these items period over period. In addition, management believes these measures may be useful for investors in comparing our operating results with other companies that may be viewed as our peers.
As to certain of the items below, (i) non-cash stock-based compensation expense varies from period to period due to acquisition activity, changes in the estimated fair value of performance-based awards, forfeiture rates, accelerated vesting and amounts granted; (ii) acquisition and integration costs vary from period to period depending on the level and complexity of our acquisition activity; (iii) equity in (earnings) losses of non-integral unconsolidated affiliates varies from period to period depending on the activity and financial performance of such affiliates, the operations of which are not operationally integral to us; (iv) gains and losses on the sale of investments and businesses, and foreign currency translation losses recognized from substantial liquidation of certain foreign operations vary from period to period depending on activity; and (v) change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities varies from period to period depending on the performance in post-acquisition periods of certain acquired businesses and the effect of present value accretion on fair value calculations. Because EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, as defined, exclude some, but not all, items that affect net income attributable to common stock, such measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. The most comparable GAAP financial measure, net income attributable to common stock, and information reconciling the GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, are included below. The following table shows dollars in thousands.
Year Ended
December 31,
Net income attributable to common stock (GAAP as reported)
Interest and other financing expenses
Interest income
Provision for income taxes
Depreciation expense
Amortization of intangible assets
Interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization included in equity in earnings of integral unconsolidated affiliates
EBITDA
Non-cash stock-based compensation
Acquisition and integration costs (1)
Equity in losses (earnings) of non-integral unconsolidated affiliates
(Gain) loss on sale of investments and business (2)
Foreign currency translation losses (3)
Increase in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities
Adjusted EBITDA
(1) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2025 includes $19.6 million that, pursuant to an acquisition purchase agreement, were or will be withheld from the sellers’ proceeds, to be paid to certain employees upon satisfaction of post-closing service obligations.
(2) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2024 is a loss of $11.9 million on the disposition of a non-core business, partially offset by a gain of $7.5 million as a result of the sale of a non-integral equity method investment.
(3) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2024 is foreign currency translation losses in connection with our substantial liquidation from Latin American operations.
Remaining Performance Obligations and Backlog
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service. Our remaining performance obligations represent management’s estimate of consolidated revenues that are expected to be realized from the remaining portion of firm orders under fixed price contracts not yet completed or for which work has not yet begun, which includes estimated revenues attributable to consolidated joint ventures and variable interest entities, revenues from funded and unfunded portions of government contracts to the extent they are reasonably expected to be realized, and revenues from change orders and claims to the extent management believes they will be earned and are probable of collection.
We have also historically disclosed our backlog, a measure commonly used in our industry but not recognized under GAAP. We believe this measure enables management to more effectively forecast our future capital needs and results and better identify future operating trends that may not otherwise be apparent. We believe this measure is also useful for investors in forecasting our future results and comparing us to our competitors. Our remaining performance obligations are a component of backlog, which also includes estimated orders under MSAs, including estimated renewals, and certain non-fixed price contracts. Our methodology for determining backlog may not be comparable to the methodologies used by other companies.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, MSAs accounted for 37% and 38% of our estimated 12-month backlog and 44% and 48% of our total backlog. Generally, our customers are not contractually committed to specific volumes of services under our MSAs, and most of our contracts can be terminated on short notice even if we are not in default. We determine the estimated backlog for these MSAs using recurring historical trends, factoring in seasonal demand and projected customer needs based upon ongoing communications. In addition, many of our MSAs are subject to renewal, and these potential renewals are considered in determining estimated backlog. As a result, estimates for remaining performance obligations and backlog are subject to change based on, among other things, project accelerations; project cancellations or delays, including but not limited to those caused by commercial issues, regulatory requirements, natural disasters, emergencies and adverse weather conditions; and final acceptance of change orders by customers. These factors can cause revenues to be realized in periods and at levels that are different than originally projected.
The following table reconciles total remaining performance obligations to our backlog (a non-GAAP financial measure) by reportable segment along with estimates of amounts expected to be realized within 12 months (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
12 Month
Total
12 Month
Total
Electric
Remaining performance obligations
Estimated orders under MSAs and short-term, non-fixed price contracts
Backlog
Underground and Infrastructure
Remaining performance obligations
Estimated orders under MSAs and short-term, non-fixed price contracts
Backlog
Total
Remaining performance obligations
Estimated orders under MSAs and short-term, non-fixed price contracts
Backlog
The increases in both remaining performance obligations and backlog from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 were partially due to the impact of acquisitions that occurred in the year ended December 31, 2025, as well as new project awards with existing customers.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We plan to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, debt service, dividends and other cash requirements with our current available liquidity and cash from operations, which could be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Management monitors financial markets and national and global economic conditions for factors that may affect our liquidity and capital resources.
As set forth below, we have various short-term and long-term cash requirements and capital allocation priorities, and we intend to fund these requirements primarily with cash flow from operating activities, as well as debt financing as needed.
Cash Requirements and Capital Allocation
Cash Requirements. The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2025, our cash requirements from contractual obligations that are due within the twelve months subsequent to December 31, 2025 and thereafter, excluding certain amounts
discussed below (in thousands):
Due in 2026
Due Thereafter
Total
Long-term debt, including current portion - principal
Long-term debt - cash interest (1)
Operating lease obligations (2)
Operating lease obligations that have not yet commenced (3)
Finance lease obligations (2)
Short-term lease obligations
Equipment purchase commitments (4)
Other purchase commitments (5)
Capital commitment related to investments in unconsolidated affiliates (6)
Total cash requirements from contractual obligations
(1) Amounts represent cash interest and other financing expenses associated primarily with our senior notes. Interest payments related to our senior credit facility and commercial paper program are not included due to their variable interest rates. With respect to this variable rate debt, assuming the principal amount outstanding and interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2025 remained the same, the annual cash interest expense would be approximately $46.7 million.
(2) Amounts represent undiscounted operating and finance lease obligations as of December 31, 2025. The corresponding amounts recorded on our December 31, 2025 consolidated balance sheet represent the present value of these amounts.
(3) Amounts represent undiscounted operating lease obligations that had not commenced as of December 31, 2025. The operating lease obligations will be recorded on our consolidated balance sheet beginning on the commencement date of each lease.
(4) Amounts represent capital committed for the expansion of certain manufacturing facilities and expansion of our equipment fleet. We expect that some of these orders related to the expansion of our equipment fleet will be assigned to third-party leasing companies and made available to us under certain of our master equipment lease agreements, thereby releasing us from our capital commitments.
(5) Amounts represent other purchase commitments not reflected in our consolidated balance sheet, primarily for inventory and general and administrative services, including information technology services.
(6) Amounts represen t estimates of capital commitments for investments in unconsolidated affiliates, the majority of which is related to a limited partnership interest in a fund that targets investments in certain portfolio companies that operate businesses related to the transition to a reduced-carbon economy.
Excluded from the table above are firm purchase commitments for materials and certain subcontractor costs in the normal course of business that primarily support direct project costs on existing contractual arrangements with our customers. These firm purchase commitments are not reflected in our consolidated balance sheet and are not expected to impact future liquidity as amounts are anticipated to be included in customer billings. As of December 31, 2025, these commitments are estimated to represent approximately 10% of our annual cost of services, with the substantial majority of the commitments payable in the year ending December 31, 2026. Also excluded from the table above and not reflected in our consolidated balance sheet are our commitments to purchase certain production tax credits as described in more detail in Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
Contingent Obligations . We have various contingent obligations that could require the use of cash or impact the collection of cash in future periods; however, we are unable to accurately predict the timing and estimate the amount of such contingent obligations as of December 31, 2025. These contingent obligations generally include, among other things:
• contingent consideration liabilities, which are described further in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report;
• undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and unrecognized tax benefits, which are described further in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report;
• collective bargaining agreements and multiemployer pension plan liabilities, as well as liabilities related to our deferred compensation and other employee benefit plans, which are described further in Notes 15 and 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report; and
• obligations relating to our joint ventures, lawsuits and other legal proceedings, uncollectible accounts receivable, insurance liabilities, obligations relating to letters of credit, bonds and parent guarantees, obligations relating to employment agreements, indemnities and assumed liabilities, and residual value guarantees, which are described further in Notes 4, 10, 11 and 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report .
Capital Allocation . Our capital deployment priorities that require the use of cash include: (i) working capital to fund ongoing operating needs, (ii) capital expenditures to meet anticipated demand for our services, (iii) acquisitions and investments to facilitate the long-term growth and sustainability of our business, and (iv) return of capital to stockholders, including through the payment of dividends and repurchases of our outstanding common stock. Our industry is capital intensive, and we expect substantial capital expenditures and commitments for equipment purchases and equipment lease and rental arrangements to be needed into the foreseeable future in order to meet anticipated demand for our services. We expect capital expenditures for property and equipment purchases for the year ended December 31, 2026 to be approximately $750 million to $800 million. We also expect to continue to allocate significant capital to strategic acquisitions and investments, as well as to pay dividends and to repurchase our outstanding common stock and/or debt securities.
During 2025, we completed the acquisition of businesses in which a portion of the consideration, net of cash acquired, consisted of $3.05 billion in cash funded with a combination of cash and cash equivalents, borrowings under our debt financing arrangements and proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. Additionally, we paid cash of $148.9 million primarily for an integral equity method investment and $103.4 million for a business accounted for as an asset acquisition.
During 2024, we completed the acquisition of businesses in which a portion of the consideration, net of cash acquired, consisted of $1.75 billion in cash funded partially with a combination of cash and cash equivalents, borrowings from our commercial paper program and certain other financing transactions as described in Financing Activities below.
We anticipate that our future cash flows from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents on hand, existing borrowing capacity under our senior credit facility and commercial paper program and ability to access capital markets for additional capital will provide sufficient funds to enable us to meet our cash requirements for the next twelve months and over the longer term.
Significant Sources of Cash
Cash flow from operating activities is primarily influenced by demand for our services and operating margins but is also influenced by the timing of working capital needs associated with the various types of services that we provide. Our working capital needs may increase when we commence large volumes of work under circumstances where project costs are required to be paid before the associated receivables are billed and collected. Working capital needs are generally higher during the summer and fall due to increased demand for our services when favorable weather conditions exist in many of our operating regions. Conversely, working capital assets are typically converted to cash during the winter. These seasonal trends can be offset by changes in project timing due to delays or accelerations and other economic factors that may affect customer spending, including market conditions or the impact of certain unforeseen events (e.g., regulatory and other actions that impact the supply chain for certain materials). Additionally, operating cash flows may be negatively impacted as a result of unpaid and delayed change orders and claims. Changes in project timing due to delays or accelerations and other economic, regulatory, market and political factors that may affect customer spending could also impact cash flow from operating activities. Further information with respect to our cash flow from operating activities is set forth below and in Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report .
Our available commitments under our senior credit facility and cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2025
Total capacity available for revolving loans, credit support for commercial paper program and letters of credit
Less:
Commercial paper program notes outstanding (1)
Letters of credit outstanding
Available commitments for revolving loans, credit support for commercial paper program and letters of credit
Plus:
Cash and cash equivalents (2)
Total
(1) Amounts represent unsecured notes issued under our commercial paper program, which allows for a maximum aggregate amount of $2.80 billion of notes outstanding at any time. Available commitments for revolving loans under our senior credit facility must be maintained to provide credit support for notes issued under our commercial paper program, and therefore such notes effectively reduce the available capacity under our senior credit facility.
(2) Further information with respect to our cash and cash equivalents is set forth below and in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report. This amount includes $207.5 million in jurisdictions outside of the U.S., principally in Australia. There are currently no legal or economic restrictions that would materially impede our ability to repatriate such cash.
In July 2025, we extended the maturity date for revolving loans under the credit agreement for our senior credit facility from July 31, 2029 to July 31, 2030. In August 2025, we issued $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes and received net proceeds of $1.48 billion, net of the original issue discount, underwriting discounts and deferred financing costs, and used the proceeds to repay certain borrowings that were utilized to acquire Dynamic Systems. For additional information regarding the issuance of the senior notes, see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
We consider our investment policies related to cash and cash equivalents to be conservative, as we maintain a diverse portfolio of what we believe to be high-quality cash and cash equivalent investments with short-term maturities. Additionally, subject to the conditions specified in the credit agreement for our senior credit facility, we have the option to increase the capacity of our senior credit facility, in the form of an increase in the revolving commitments, term loans or a combination thereof, from time to time, upon receipt of additional commitments from new or existing lenders by up to an additional (i) $400.0 million plus (ii) additional amounts so long as the Incremental Leverage Ratio Requirement (as defined in the credit agreement) is satisfied at the time of such increase. The Incremental Leverage Ratio Requirement requires, among other things, after giving pro forma effect to such increase and the use of proceeds therefrom, compliance with the credit agreement’s financial covenants as of the most recent fiscal quarter end for which financial statements were required to be delivered. Further information with respect to our debt obligations is set forth in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report .
We may seek to access the capital markets from time to time to raise additional capital, increase liquidity as we deem necessary, refinance or extend the term of our existing indebtedness, fund acquisitions or otherwise fund our capital needs. While our financial strategy and consistent performance have allowed us to maintain investment grade ratings, our ability to access capital markets in the future depends on a number of factors, including our financial performance and financial position, our credit ratings, industry conditions, general economic conditions, our backlog, capital expenditure commitments, market conditions and market perceptions of us and our industry.
Sources and Uses of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash During the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
In summary, our cash flows for each period were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities of $2.23 billion and $2.08 billion in 2025 and 2024 primarily reflected earnings adjusted for non-cash items and cash provided and used by the main components of working capital: “Accounts and notes receivable,” “Contract assets,” “Prepaid expenses and other current assets,” “Accounts payable and accrued expenses,” and “Contract liabilities.”
Days sales outstanding (DSO) represents the average number of days it takes revenues to be converted into cash, which management believes is an important metric for assessing liquidity. A decrease in DSO has a favorable impact on cash flow from operating activities, while an increase in DSO has a negative impact on cash flow from operating activities. DSO is calculated by using the sum of current accounts receivable, net of allowance (which includes retainage and unbilled balances), plus contract assets less contract liabilities, and divided by average revenues per day during the quarter. DSO as of December 31, 2025 was 60 days, which was slightly higher than DSO of 59 days as of December 31, 2024 and lower than our five-year historical average DSO of 75 days. Negatively impacting DSO and cash flow from operating activities for both the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were change orders and claims included in contract assets from the large renewable transmission project in Canada further described in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 included $3.05 billion related to acquisitions, $609.2 million of capital expenditures, $148.9 million cash paid primarily for an integral equity method investment and $103.4 million cash paid for a business accounted for as an asset acquisition. Partially offsetting these items were $51.9 million of proceeds from the sale of, and insurance settlements related to, property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 included $1.75 billion related to acquisitions, $604.1 million of capital expenditures and $81.9 million cash paid primarily for non-integral equity method investments. Partially offsetting these items were $77.6 million of proceeds from the sale of, and insurance settlements related to, property and equipment; $31.4 million of proceeds from the disposition of a non-core business; and $29.2 million of proceeds from the sale of a non-integral equity investment.
Our industry is capital intensive, and we expect substantial capital expenditures and commitments for equipment purchases and equipment lease and rental arrangements to be needed for the foreseeable future in order to meet anticipated demand for our services. In addition, we expect to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions and investments, although we cannot predict the timing or amount of the cash needed for these initiatives. We also have various other capital commitments that are detailed in Cash Requirements and Capital Allocation above.
Financing Activities
In August 2025, we issued $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes and received net proceeds of $1.49 billion, net of the original issue discount and underwriting discounts, and used the proceeds to repay certain borrowings that were utilized to acquire Dynamic Systems. Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 included $255.3 million of net borrowings under our senior credit facility and commercial paper program. Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 were also net of $134.6 million of repurchases of common stock, $112.3 million of payments to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with stock-based compensation, $102.6 million of payments for contingent consideration liabilities and $60.4 million for the payment of dividends.
In July 2024, we entered into, and borrowed the full amount available under, a $400.0 million 90-day term loan facility outside of our senior credit facility and utilized these borrowings, together with $1.20 billion of borrowings under our commercial paper program and cash on hand, to finance the acquisition of CEI, as well as pay certain related costs and expenses and fund certain working capital requirements. On August 9, 2024, we received net proceeds from the issuance of senior notes of $1.24 billion, net of the original issue discount and underwriting discounts and used the proceeds to repay certain borrowings utilized to acquire CEI, including the full amount of the short-term term loan. Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 included $830.8 million of net repayments under our senior credit facility and commercial paper program. Additionally, on October 1, 2024, we repaid the $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.95% senior notes due October 2024. Financing costs paid directly by us during the year ended December 31, 2024 were $7.6 million, which related to the August 2024 issuance of senior notes, the short-term term loan and an amendment of our senior credit facility. Net cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 were also net of $155.6 million of payments to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with stock-based compensation and the payment of $54.2 million of dividends.
We expect to continue to utilize cash for similar financing activities in the future, including repayments of our outstanding debt, payment of cash dividends and repurchases of our common stock and/or debt securities.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are published and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses recognized during the periods presented. We review all significant estimates affecting our consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis and record the effect of any necessary adjustments prior to their publication. Judgments and estimates are based on our beliefs and assumptions derived from information available at the time such judgments and estimates are made. Uncertainties with respect to such estimates and assumptions are inherent in the preparation of financial statements. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. Management has reviewed its development and selection of critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Our accounting policies are primarily described in Notes 2 and 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report and should be read in conjunction with the accounting policies identified below that we believe affect our more significant estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition - Contract Estimates and Changes in Estimates
Refer to Contract Estimates and Changes in Estimates in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of a variety of factors that can cause changes in estimates and how changes in estimates on certain contracts may result in the issuance of change orders or claims under contracts for our projects. The quantitative impacts of changes in change orders and claims are also included therein.
Due to the significant judgments utilized in the revenue and cost estimation process, if subsequent actual results and/or updated assumptions or estimates were to change from those utilized as of December 31, 2025, it could result in a material impact to our results of operations. As described in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report, under fixed price contracts, as well as unit-price contracts with more than an insignificant amount of partially completed units, revenue is recognized as performance obligations are satisfied over time, with the percentage of completion generally measured as the percentage of costs incurred to total estimated costs for such performance obligation. Approximately 63.8%, 60.0% and 56.5% of our revenues recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were associated with this revenue recognition method. Refer to Contract Estimates and Changes in Estimates in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of the impacts in changes in estimates on revenue and gross profit during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Collectability of Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets
Refer to Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of how we determine our allowance for credit losses, which is based on an estimate of expected credit losses for financial instruments, primarily accounts receivable (including unbilled receivables) and contract assets, as well as activity in the allowance for credit losses.
Should anticipated collections fail to materialize, or if future economic conditions deteriorate, we could experience an increase in our allowance for credit losses. If our historical loss ratio had been five basis points higher or lower as of December 31, 2025, our provision for credit loss would have increased or decreased $4.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Acquisitions
Contingent Consideration. Refer to Contingent Consideration in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of how contingent consideration liabilities are determined and the related assumptions and uncertainties utilized for our estimates, as well as the balances and account activity. The maximum amount payable related to these liabilities is also included therein.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of valuation of long-lived assets related to acquisitions (other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment), including assumptions and uncertainties related to our estimates, as well as amounts related to recent acquisitions. If we determine there is a change in the valuation of long-lived assets during the measurement period, the change in estimate would result in a change in the amount of goodwill.
Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Property, Plant and Equipment
In connection with our annual goodwill assessments in 2025 and 2024, management performed a qualitative impairment assessment of our reporting units, which indicated that the fair value of our reporting units was greater than their carrying value including goodwill. Accordingly, a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not required, and no goodwill impairment was recognized in 2025 or 2024. Additionally, there were no material impairments related to other intangible assets or property, plant equipment in 2025 or 2024. Changes in facts and circumstances, judgments and assumptions used to determine these fair values, including with respect to market conditions and the economy, could result in impairment charges in the future that could be material to our financial statements.
Insurance
Refer to Notes 2 and 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of our insurance coverage, accounting policies related to insurance, accruals and related recoveries, as well as uncertainties of the related estimates. Our estimates of insurance liabilities related to employer’s liability, workers’ compensation, auto liability and general liability require us to make assumptions related to potential losses regarding our determination of amounts considered probable and estimable. We, along with our third-party actuary and third-party administrator, consider a number of factors when estimating our retained liability, including claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions. We periodically review our estimates and assumptions with our third-party actuary to assist us in determining the adequacy of our retained liability. As of December 31, 2025, the amount accrued for employer’s liability, workers’ compensation, auto liability and general liability totaled $487.7 million.
Although we believe that we have reasonably estimated our insurance liability, it is possible that actual results could differ from recorded retained liabilities. Our insurance liability is based on a reasonable estimate provided by our third-party actuaries based on a statistical model that considers the cumulative probability distribution of all possible loss estimates.
Income Taxes
Refer to Notes 2 and 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Part II of this Annual Report for a description of our accounting policies related to income taxes, the identification and measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the measurement of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, benefits from uncertain tax positions and/or resolution of examinations with taxing authorities.
The evaluation of the recoverability of the deferred tax asset requires us to weigh all positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income and whether we will be able to utilize state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, to determine whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Revisions to our forecasts, declining macroeconomic conditions or other factors could result in changes to our assessment of the realization of these deferred income tax assets.
The evaluation of uncertain tax positions involves significant estimates and judgments. Although we believe that our estimates and judgments are reasonable, we are occasionally challenged by various taxing authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability has been established, are required to pay amounts in excess of the established liability or experience a change in judgment, the change in the liability could increase or decrease income tax expense in the period of such determination.
