Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Overstock.com, Inc. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.
Real-time Form 4 intelligence. Smarter insider tracking.
YoY shift: Unscored
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
19,791 words
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Please consider the following risk factors carefully. If any one or more of the following risks were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and the market price of our securities could decrease significantly. Statements below to the effect that an event could or would our business (or have an effect on our business or similar statements) mean that the event could or would have a material effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn could or would have a material effect on the market price of our securities. Many of the risks we face involve more than one type of risk. Consequently, you should carefully read all of the risk factors below, and in any reports we file with the SEC after we file this Annual Report, before making any decision to acquire or hold our securities.
harm
adverse
adverse
adverse
Risks Relating to Our Company and its Operational, Litigation and Regulatory Environment
We depend on third-party companies to perform functions critical to our business, and any failure or increased cost on their part could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We depend on third-party companies, including third-party carriers, insurers, warranty providers, and a large number of independent fulfillment partners whose products we offer for sale on our Website, to perform functions critical to our business and our ability to deliver products and services to our customers on time and at a reasonable cost. We depend on our carriers, insurers, warranty providers, and fulfillment partners to perform traditional retail operations such as maintaining inventory, preparing merchandise for shipment to our customers, delivering purchased merchandise on a timely and cost-effective basis, insuring the products, and offering warranty services associated with products. We also depend on the delivery and product assembly services that we and they utilize, on the payment processors that facilitate our customers' payments for their purchases, and on other third parties (including SaaS, IaaS, and other cloud-based third-party service providers) over which we have no control, for the operation of our business. Difficulties with any of our significant fulfillment partners or third-party carriers, insurers, warranty providers, delivery or product assembly services, payment processors or any of the third-party service providers involved in our business, regardless of the reason, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We face intense competition and may not be able to compete successfullyagainst existing or future competitors.
The online retail market is evolving rapidly and is intensely competitive. Barriers to entry can be minimal, and current and new competitors can launch new websites at a relatively low cost. We currently compete with numerous competitors, including:
• online retailers with or without discount departments, including Amazon.com, AliExpress (part of the Alibaba Group), eBay, Temu, and Rakuten.com;
• online shopping services, including Google Shopping, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok;
• online specialty retailers such as Wayfair, Build.com, Houzz, Hayneedle, Rugs.com, Groupon, and World Market;
• furniture specialists including Bob's Discount Furniture, Havertys, Raymour & Flanigan, At Home, Tuesday Morning, Living Spaces, Nebraska Furniture Mart, RC Willey, and Rooms To Go;
• traditional general merchandise and specialty retailers and liquidators including Ashley Furniture, Best Buy, Costco, Crate and Barrel, Ethan Allen, Gilt, Home Depot, HomeGoods, Hudson's Bay Company, IKEA, J.C. Penney Company, Kohl's, Lands' End, Lowe's, Macy's, Nordstrom, Pottery Barn, Arhaus, RH, Ross Stores, Saks Fifth Avenue, Sears, T.J. Maxx, Target, Walmart, West Elm, and Williams-Sonoma, all of which also have an online presence; and
• online liquidators such as SmartBargains.
We expect that existing and future traditional manufacturers and retailers will continue to add or improve their e-commerce offerings, and that our existing and future e-commerce competitors, including Amazon, will continue to increase their offerings, their delivery capabilities, and the ways in which they entice and enable shoppers to purchase goods, including their mobile technology and the voice-activated shopping services offered by Amazon. Further, large marketplace websites and sites which aggregate marketplace sellers with a large product selection are becoming increasingly popular. We may not be able to place our products on these sites to take advantage of their internal search platforms and some shoppers may begin their searches at these websites rather than utilize traditional search engines at all. Many of our competitors specialize in one or more of the areas in which we offer products. For example, our furniture offerings compete with numerous retail furniture websites and traditional furniture retail specialists. We also face competition from shopping services such as Google Shopping, which
offers products from Walmart, Costco, Target and many other retailers. Competition from our competitors, many of whom have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition, greater access to capital and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do, affects us and has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We may not timely identify or effectively respond to consumer needs, expectations or trends, which could adversely affect our relationship with our customers, the demand for our products and services, and our market share.
The success of our business depends in part on our ability to identify and respond promptly to evolving trends in demographics, shifts in consumer preferences, expectations and needs, changes in the macroeconomic environment, and unexpected weather conditions, natural disasters, or public health issues (including pandemics and related impacts) that impact our customers, while also managing appropriate inventory levels and maintaining an excellent customer experience. It is difficult to successfully predict the products and services our customers will demand. As our customers expect a more personalized experience, our ability to collect, use, retain, and protect relevant customer data is important to our ability to effectively meet their expectations. Our ability to collect and use that data, however, is subject to a number of external factors, including the impact of legislation or regulations governing data privacy, data-driven technologies such as artificial intelligence, and data security, as well as customer expectations around data collection, retention, and use. In addition, each of our primary customer groups has different needs and expectations, many of which evolve as the demographics in a particular customer group change. Customer preferences and expectations related to sustainability of products and operations are also changing. In addition, as the impacts of COVID-19 have subsided, customers have shifted more of their spending back to travel, dining and other experiences, compared to the historic levels of home improvement spending we saw during the heights of the pandemic. If we do not successfully differentiate the shopping experience to attract our customers and meet their individual needs and expectations, it may adversely impact our sales and our market share.
Customer expectations about the methods by which they purchase and receive products or services are also becoming more demanding. Customers routinely and increasingly use technology, including without limitation, artificial intelligence, as well as a variety of electronic devices and digital platforms to rapidly compare products and prices, read product reviews, determine real-time product availability, and purchase products, and new channels and tools to expand the customer experience appear and change rapidly. We must continually anticipate and adapt to these changes in the shopping and purchasing process by continuing to adjust and enhance the customer experience as well as our delivery options. We cannot guarantee that our current or future fulfillment options will be maintained and implemented successfully or that we will be able to meet customer expectations on delivery or pickup times, options and costs.
Failure to provide a relevant and effective customer experience in a timely manner that keeps pace with technological developments and dynamic customer expectations, preferences, and trends or to differentiate the customer experience could adversely affect our relationship with our customers, the demand for our products and services, and our market share.
Our business depends on effective marketing, including marketing via email, search engine marketing, influencer marketing, and social media marketing. Our competitors have and may continue to cause us to increase our marketing costs and decrease certain other types of marketing, and have and may continue to outspend us on marketing or be more efficient in their spend.
We depend on effective marketing and inflow of customer traffic. We depend on search engine marketing, email, and other e-commerce marketing methods to promote our site and offerings and to generate a substantial portion of our revenue. If a significant portion of our target customers no longer utilize email, or if we are unable to effectively and economically deliver email or marketing materials through other channels to our potential customers, whether for legal, regulatory or other reasons, it would have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, some email services have features that organize incoming emails into categories and such categorization or similar inbox organizational features may result in our emails being delivered in a less prominent location in a customer’s inbox or viewed as “spam” by our customers and may reduce the likelihood of that customer opening our emails. Actions by third parties to block, impose restrictions on or charge for the delivery of emails or other messages could also adversely impact our business. From time to time, Internet service providers or other third parties may block bulk email transmissions or otherwise experience technical difficulties that result in our inability to successfully deliver emails or other messages to third parties.
We also rely on social media and influencers for marketing purposes, and anything that limits our ability or our customers' ability or desire to utilize social media could have a material adverse effect on our business, including changes to the terms of social networking services to limit promotional communications, any restrictions that would limit our ability or our customers' ability to send communications through their services, disruptions or downtime experienced by these social
networking services, or decline in or cessation of the use of or engagement with social networking services, including due to legislation, regulation, or directives (including executive orders).
In addition to competing with us for customers, suppliers, and employees, our competitors have and may continue to directly increase our operating costs, by driving up the cost of various forms of online advertising. Furthermore, our competitors may outspend us or be more efficient on various forms of advertising or marketing, making our marketing efforts less effective. We may elect to decrease our use of search engine marketing or other forms of marketing from time to time in order to decrease our costs, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business. We may also elect to spend additional amounts on search engine marketing or other forms of marketing from time to time in order to increase traffic to our Website, or to take other strategic actions to increase traffic and/or conversion, and such increased spending may not be effective on a cost-benefit basis, or at all. If we are unable to develop, improve, implement and maintain effective and efficient cost-effective advertising and marketing programs, it would have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business.
Economic factors, including recessions, other economic downturns, inflation, our exposure to the U.S. housing market, and decreases in consumer spending, have affected and could continue to adversely affect us.
Various economic conditions, including recessions, other economic downturns, inflation, weaknesses in the U.S. housing market, and decreased consumer discretionary spending have adversely affected and could further adversely affect our financial performance. We believe that our sales of home-related products are affected by the strength of the U.S. housing market and overall consumer sentiment on discretionary goods. Recessions or other economic downturns, in particular in the U.S. housing market, have negatively impacted our sales in the past, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, and prospects in the future. Similarly, a substantial portion of the products and services we offer are products or services that consumers may view as discretionary items rather than necessities. As a result, our results of operations are sensitive to changes in macroeconomic conditions that impact consumer spending, including discretionary spending. Difficult macroeconomic conditions also impact our customers' ability to obtain consumer credit and therefore their purchasing power. Other factors, including consumer confidence in the economy, employment levels, interest rates, inflation, fuel and energy costs, tax rates, and consumer debt levels could reduce consumer spending or change consumer purchasing habits. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, and prospects.
Tariffs, bans, or other measures or events that increase the effective price of products or limit our ability to access products we or our suppliers, fulfillment partners, or other third parties that import or export could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We and many of our suppliers and fulfillment partners source a large percentage of the products we offer on our Website from China and other countries. Restrictions on international trade, including increased tariffs or other trade barriers are expected to increase the prices of imported products sold on our Website or limit our ability to access products sold on our Website. These factors in turn could reduce consumer demand and impact sales volume. Increased prices and/or supply chain challenges and the unpredictability of applicable trade barriers, including their scope and duration, have had an adverse effect and could in the future have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects, including due to their impact on general macroeconomic conditions.
Our changing business model and use of the Bed Bath & Beyond brand, Overstock brand, buybuy BABY brand, Kirkland's and Kirkland's Home brand, Beyond brand, and other brands of ours, could negatively impact our business.
Our business has undergone a number of changes in the recent past, including our company name changing from Overstock.com, Inc. to Beyond, Inc. to Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc., our purchase of the Bed Bath & Beyond and Kirkland’s and Kirkland’s Home brands, changing our company ticker symbol from OSTK to BYON to BBBY, and transferring the listing of our common stock from the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC to the New York Stock Exchange. Additionally, we have from time to time made, and expect in the future to make, changes in the portions of our business that we invest in omnichannel, digital, or physical channels. These changes, along with others, may cause negative impacts to our business, including customer and stockholder confusion about our brands, the need for higher promotional discounting or marketing costs to acquire and maintain customers, diversion of the attention of management or key personnel, employee fatigue resulting from implementation efforts, disruptions to existing business relationships, and other unforeseen costs, expenses, losses, disruptions, delays, or negative impacts that could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
The changing job market, the changes in our leadership team, the change in our compensation approach, changing job structures, or any inability to attract, retain and engage key personnel could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued service and performance of our senior management, our board of directors, and other key personnel. In 2024 and 2025, we underwent significant changes to our executive management team and board of directors, structural changes to our organization, and changes to our workforce with reductions in force. Additionally, in 2025, we adjusted our approach to our executives' equity compensation from a fully performance-based approach to a balanced performance and time-based approach.
With many businesses allowing employees to work remotely, we are forced to compete with businesses in other locations and states to attract and retain key employees. We announced that local employees will be asked to increase their onsite work from three days each week to four days each week at a new location. We also announced the elimination of our 9-80 schedule (where employees were permitted to work nine-hour days, rather than standard eight-hour days, and take every other Friday off from work). Changes in leadership, structural changes to our organization, reductions in force, changed approach to performance-based compensation, and changes in job structures could create consequences such as a lack of or decreased productivity, a lack of engagement, employee dissatisfaction, and employee fatigue, any of which could impair our ability to recruit, hire, and retain employees. Our success depends on our ability to identify, attract, recruit, hire, train, engage, retain, and motivate highly-skilled personnel necessary to successfully operate our business. Our failure to do any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We rely upon paid and natural search engines to rank our product offerings, and our financial results may suffer if we are unable to maintain our prior rankings in natural searches.
We rely on paid and natural search engines to attract consumer interest in our product offerings, including Google, Bing, and Yahoo!. Changes to their ranking algorithms and competition from other retailers to attract consumer interest may adversely affect our product offerings in paid and/or natural searches. Search engine companies change their natural search engine algorithms periodically and online retailers compete to rank well with these search engine companies. Our ranking in natural searches may be adversely affected by those changes, as has occurred from time to time, which has led us to pursue revenue growth in other more expensive marketing channels. Google's search engine is dominant in our business and has historically been a significant source of traffic to our websites. Search engine companies may also determine that we are not in compliance with their guidelines from time to time, as has occurred in the past, and they may penalize us in their search algorithms as a result. In recent years, we have experienced declines in our rankings in Google's natural search engine, which has required us to utilize more expensive marketing channels or otherwise compensate for the loss of some of the natural search traffic. Any future declines in our rankings in Google's natural search engine could have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, in recent years, a shift in user search behavior has started, with an increasing number of individuals transitioning from traditional search engines like Google to AI platform answer engines such as ChatGPT, Grok, and Copilot for certain types of queries. This transition stems from the way AI tools can effectively address certain questions that users once turned to search engines to answer. This evolution in how people are seeking information, even if often complementing, rather than replacing, the kinds of user intent queries we typically focus on, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If we are not profitable and/or are unable to generate sufficient positive cash flow from operations, our ability to continue in business will depend on our ability to raise additional capital, obtain financing or monetize significant assets, and we may be unable to do so.
At December 31, 2025, our accumulated deficit was $842.7 million. We experienced significant losses in years leading up to 2020. Although our financial results were significantly better in 2020 and 2021, we incurred additional losses in 2022 through 2025, which included significant non-cash losses on our equity method investments and a write-down loss on our corporate headquarters. If we are unable to successfully manage our business in the future, our ability to continue in business could depend on our ability to raise sufficient additional capital, obtain sufficient financing, or sell or otherwise monetize significant assets. Additionally, we may not be able to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks would have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
Our business depends on the Internet, our infrastructure and transaction-processing systems, and catastrophic events could adversely affect our operating results.
We are completely dependent on our infrastructure and on the availability, reliability and security of the Internet and related systems. Although we have migrated and continue to migrate some of our computer systems and operations to the public cloud, a substantial majority of our computer and communications infrastructure is running in our private cloud on hardware that is located at a single facility, which we sold on December 20, 2024. As part of the sale, we entered into a lease agreement that allows us to continue to occupy and use the data center at the facility.
Our systems and operations, and those of the third parties that we rely on, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters or extreme weather events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires and droughts), including those related to, or exacerbated by, climate change, other types of fires or floods, power loss, telecommunications failure, software or hardware malfunctions, terrorist attacks, cyberattacks, acts of war, break-ins, and similar events. The adverse effects of any such catastrophic event would be exacerbated if experienced at the same time as another unexpected and adverse event, such as a pandemic. Current events, including political events, social activism, tension and potential for violence, may impact our workforce, customers, properties and the communities where we operate. If our customers and employees do not perceive our response to be appropriate or adequate for a particular region or for our company as a whole, we could sufferdamage to our reputation and brand, which could adversely affect our business. As a consequence of these or other catastrophic events, we may experience interruption to our operations or losses of property, equipment and/or inventory, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability.
Our back-up facility by itself is not adequate to support fulfillment of sales orders. Our servers and applications are vulnerable to malware, physical or electronic break-ins, internal sabotage, and other disruptions, the occurrence of any of which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the inability to accept and fulfill customer orders. Any internal or critical third-party system interruption that results in the unavailability of our websites or our mobile apps or reduced performance of our transaction systems could interrupt or substantially reduce our ability to conduct our business. We have experienced periodic systems interruptions due to server failure, application failure, power failure and intentionalcyberattacks in the past, and may experience additional interruptions or failures in the future. Any failure or impairment of our infrastructure or of the availability of the Internet or related systems caused by any source, including the housing or maintenance of our hardware by a third party (including the purchaser of the facility where it is now located), or any inability to access or protect our hardware in a timely manner, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects. In addition, the occurrence of any event that would adversely affect e-commerce or discourage or prevent consumers from shopping online or via mobile apps could significantly decrease the volume of our sales.
Compliance with ever-evolving federal, state, and foreign laws and other requirements relating to the handling of information about individuals necessitates significant expenditure and resources, and any failure by us, our vendors or our business partners to comply may result in significant liability, negative publicity, and/or an erosion of trust, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In connection with running our business, we receive, store, use and otherwise process information that relates to individuals and/or constitutes "personal data," "personal information," "personally identifiable information," or similar terms under applicable data privacy laws (collectively, "Personal Information"), including from and about actual, former and prospective customers as well as our employees and business contacts. We also depend on a number of third party vendors in relation to the operation of our business, a number of which process Personal Information on our behalf. In addition, we share Personal Information with, and obtain Personal Information from, certain business partners pursuant to commercial arrangements.
We, our vendors and our business partners are subject to a variety of federal, state and foreign data privacy laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and other requirements. These requirements, and their application, interpretation and amendment are constantly evolving. It is also possible that new laws, regulations and other requirements, or amendments to or changes in interpretations of existing laws, regulations and other requirements, may require us to incur significant costs, implement new processes, or change our handling of information and business operations, which could ultimately hinder our ability to grow our business by extracting value from our data assets. For example, in the United States, the Federal Trade Commission and state regulators enforce a variety of data privacy issues, such as promises made in privacy policies or failures to appropriately protect information about individuals, as unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act or similar state laws.
In addition, in recent years, certain states have adopted or modified data privacy and security laws and regulations that may apply to our business. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA") requires businesses that process personal information of California residents to, among other things: provide certain disclosures to California residents regarding the business's collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information; receive and respond to requests from California residents to access, delete, and correct their personal information, or to opt-out of certain disclosures of their personal information; and enter into specific contractual provisions with service providers that process California resident personal information on the business's behalf. The enactment of the CCPA is prompting a wave of similar legislative developments in other states in the United States, which creates a patchwork of overlapping but different state laws. For example, since the CCPA went into effect, numerous state laws that share similarities with the CCPA are now in effect. Similar laws have been proposed in many other states and at the federal level as well.
Additionally, laws, regulations, and standards covering marketing, advertising, and other activities conducted by telephone, email, mobile devices, and the internet may be or become applicable to our business, such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the "TCPA"), the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (the "CAN-SPAM Act"), and similar state consumer protection and communication privacy laws. For example, we send text messages to customers as part of our business operations. The actual or perceived improper sending of text messages may subject us to potential risks, including liabilities or claims relating to consumer protection laws such as the TCPA, which imposes significant restrictions on the ability to make telephone calls or send text messages to mobile telephone numbers without the prior consent of the person being contacted.
We may also be subject to international privacy laws such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation and the UK General Data Protection Regulation, as well as laws and regulations in other jurisdictions. These laws contain significant privacy requirements that may impose restrictions on our ability to collect, use, and otherwise process Personal Information.
Even though we believe we are generally in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to privacy and data security, these laws are in some cases relatively new and the interpretation and application of these laws are uncertain. Any failure or perceived failure by us (or in some cases, our vendors and business partners) to comply with data privacy laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and other requirements could result in proceedings or actions against us by individuals, consumer rights groups, government agencies, or others. We could incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims and, if found liable, pay significant damages or fines or be required to make changes to our business. Further, these proceedings and any subsequent adverse outcomes may subject us to significant negative publicity and an erosion of trust. If any of these events were to occur, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
If we or our third-party providers experience cyberattacks or data security incidents, there may be damage to our brand and reputation, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We rely on our computer systems, hardware, software, technology infrastructure, and online sites and networks, as well as those of our third-party providers for both internal and external operations that are critical to our business (collectively, "IT Systems"). We own and manage some of these IT Systems but also rely on third parties for a range of IT Systems and related products and services, including but not limited to our suppliers, banks, credit card processors, delivery services, and public cloud providers. We and certain of our third-party providers collect, maintain and process data about customers, employees, business partners and others, including personal information, confidential and proprietary intellectual property, financial information, trade secrets, and other business information (collectively, "Confidential Information").
Our business involves the storage and transmission of Confidential Information, and we face numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that could threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our IT Systems and Confidential Information, including from diverse threat actors, such as state-sponsored organizations, opportunistic hackers and hacktivists, as well as through diverse attack vectors, such as social engineering or phishing, malware (e.g., ransomware), malfeasance by insiders, human or technological error, and as a result of malicious code embedded in open-source software, or misconfigurations, bugs or other vulnerabilities in commercial software that is integrated into our or our third parties’ IT Systems, products or services. Because we make extensive use of third party suppliers and service providers, such as banks, credit card processors, delivery services and cloud services that support our internal and customer-facing operations, successfulcyberattacks that disrupt or result in unauthorized access to third party IT Systems can materially impact our operations and financial results. Moreover, we have acquired and continue to acquire companies with cybersecurity vulnerabilities or unsophisticated security measures, which exposes us to significant cybersecurity, operational, and financial risks. Remote and
hybrid working arrangements at our company (and at many third-party providers) also increase cybersecurity risks due to the challenges associated with managing remote computing assets and security vulnerabilities that are present in many non-corporate and home networks. Additionally, any integration of artificial intelligence in our or any service providers' or business partners' operations, products or services is expected to pose new or unknown cybersecurity risks and challenges.
Cyberattacks are expected to accelerate on a global basis in frequency and magnitude as threat actors are becoming increasingly sophisticated in using techniques and tools—including artificial intelligence—that circumvent security controls, evade detection and remove forensic evidence. As a result, we may be unable to detect, investigate, remediate or recover from future attacks or incidents, or to avoid a material adverse impact to our IT Systems, Confidential Information or business. There can also be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including our policies, controls or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our IT Systems and Confidential Information. Furthermore, given the nature of complex systems, software and services like ours, and the scanning tools that we deploy across our networks and products, we regularly identify and track security vulnerabilities. We are unable to comprehensively apply patches or confirm that measures are in place to mitigate all such vulnerabilities, or that patches will be applied before vulnerabilities are exploited by a threat actor.
We and certain of our third-party providers and business partners have experienced a variety of cyber-attacks, which have increased in number and variety over time. Any adverse impact to the availability, integrity or confidentiality of our IT Systems or Confidential Information can result in significant legal and financial exposure (such as class actions), regulatory investigations, damage to our reputation that cause us to lose existing or future customers, a loss of confidence in our security measures, and significant incident response, system restoration or remediation and future compliance costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, operations results, and business. Moreover, any insurance coverage we may carry may be inadequate to cover the expenses and other potential financial exposure we could face due to a cyber-attack or data breach and there can be no assurance that applicable insurance will be available to us in the future on economically reasonable terms or at all.
Moreover, as we accept debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard ("PCI-DSS"), issued by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council. PCI-DSS contains compliance guidelines with regard to our security surrounding the physical and electronic storage, processing and transmission of cardholder data. If we are unable to comply with the security standards established by banks and the payment card industry, we may be subject to fines, restrictions and expulsion from card acceptance programs, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We are subject to payment-related risks that could increase our operating costs, expose us to fraud or theft, subject us to potential liability, and potentially disrupt our business.
We accept or have accepted payments using a variety of methods, including credit and debit cards, electronic payments, digital wallets, loan programs including installment loans, and gift cards, and we may offer new payment options over time. Acceptance of these payment options subjects us to rules, regulations, contractual obligations and compliance requirements, including payment network rules and operating guidelines, data security standards and certification requirements, and rules governing electronic funds transfers. These requirements may change over time or be reinterpreted, making compliance more difficult, costly, or uncertain. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange fees and other costs to accept these payments, and we may also incur losses, all of which may increase over time and raise our operating costs. We rely on third parties to provide payment processing services, including the processing of credit cards, debit cards, and other forms of electronic payment. If these companies become unable to provide these services to us, or if their systems are compromised, it could potentially disrupt our business. The payment methods that we offer, and the selling channels in which we operate, also subject us to potential fraud and theft by threat actors, who are becoming increasingly more sophisticated, seeking to obtain unauthorized access to or exploitweaknesses that may exist in our sales, payments and payment processing systems. If we fail to comply with applicable rules or requirements for the payment methods we accept, or if payment-related data is compromised due to a breach or misuse of data, we may be liable for costs incurred by payment card issuing banks and other third parties or we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees, or our ability to accept or facilitate certain types of payments may be impaired. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in certain payment types, or may expect or demand payment methods that we do not currently offer, which could result in competitive disadvantages or require a shift to other payment types or potential changes to our payment systems that may result in higher costs. As a result, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We have significant deferred tax assets and may not be able to realize these assets in the future.
We have established a valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets, primarily due to recent operating losses, forecasted near-term losses, and uncertainty regarding our future taxable income. Determining whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is appropriate requires judgment and an evaluation of all positive and negative evidence. At each reporting period, we assess the need for, or the sufficiency of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain a valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of the allowance.
We may be required to recognize losses relating to our equity method investments.
At December 31, 2025, we held equity method investments totaling approximately $66.6 million. The underlying equity interests are in entities that are in the startup or development stages. Equity method interests are inherently risky because we do not have the ability to influence the business decisions underlying those investments and because the markets for the technologies or products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. Since these investments are in companies that are in the early startup or development stages, even if their technology or products are viable, they may not be able to obtain the capital or resources necessary to successfully bring their technology or products to market. We have recognized losses related to these equity method securities in the past and may in the future recognize additional losses. Additionally, due to tax law limitations around deductibility of capital and investment losses, we may not be able to recognize a tax benefit on these losses when they occur. Any such loss could be material and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.
If governmental entities or providers of consumer devices and internet browsers further restrict or regulate the use of "cookie" tracking technologies, the amount or accuracy of online user information we collect could decrease, which could harm our business and operating results.
Various federal, state and international governmental entities have enacted or are considering enacting legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies to use proprietary or third-party "cookies" and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising. For example, some governmental agencies have regulated the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented or plan to implement methods of making it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies, to block other tracking technologies or to require new permissions from users for certain activities, which have impacted us in the past and have the potential to significantly reduce the effectiveness of such practices and technologies in the future. Any further restriction on the use of cookies and other online tracking and advertising practices could lower the quality of the data we collect, negatively impact our targeted marketing capabilities, increase costs associated with developing or transitioning to new technologies or methods, and could impact our ability to compete. Increased restrictions on tracking technologies could also lead to increased compliance, legal, and regulatory risks, increased costs associated with the management thereof, and increased costs associated with potential fines, penalties, claims. defense costs, reputational harm, or other associated costs. Such restrictions on tracking could also limit our ability to effectively retain existing customers or acquire new customers and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
If the legal, regulatory, or tax treatment of our company changes adversely, it could impact our ability to conduct business and, accordingly, our financial results.
New or revised laws, regulations, or court decisions may subject us to additional requirements and new disclosures that could increase the cost of doing business, increase scrutiny for the way decisions are made, decrease our revenues, increase our expenses, or impact our business model. For example, various jurisdictions around the world have enacted or are considering revenue-based taxes such as digital advertising taxes, data collection taxes, and other targeted taxes, which could lead to inconsistent and potentially overlapping tax regimes that could increase our expenses. In addition, significant changes to the federal income tax laws of the United States have been enacted in recent years, including under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025. Other new or revised legal, regulatory, or tax treatment could expose us to additional risk, increase the cost of doing business online, and increase internal costs necessary to capture data, report data, and collect and remit taxes. Any of these items could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws, regulations and enforcement activities may adversely affect the products, services and markets in which we operate.
From time to time, we are subject to claims, individual and class action lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, government and regulatory investigations, inquiries, actions or requests, and other proceedings allegingviolations of laws, rules, and regulations with respect to taxation, advertising practices, online services, intellectual property rights, privacy, consumer and data protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, mobile communications, electronic device certification, electronic waste, energy consumption, environmental regulation, electronic contracts and other communications, competition, employment (including inclusion and belonging), labor rights, import and export matters including tariffs and the importation of specified or proscribed items and importation quotas, information reporting requirements (including sustainability reporting), access to our services and facilities, the design and operation of websites, health, safety, and sanitation standards, the characteristics and quality of products and services, product labeling and unfair and deceptive trade practices. There may be changes to the laws, regulation, standards, directives (including executive orders), and enforcement priorities that affect our operations in substantial and unpredictable ways at the federal and state level in the United States and in other countries in which our services are or may be used. Changes to laws, regulations and standards, including interpretation and enforcement of such laws, regulations and standards could increase the cost of doing business or otherwise change how or where we want to do business. In addition, changes to laws, regulations and standards could affect our merchants and software partners and could result in material effects on the way we operate and the cost to operate our business. Failure to comply with such laws, regulations and standards could result in harm to our members, employees and partners in the supply chain, significant costs to satisfy compliance, remediation or compensatory requirements, or the imposition of severepenalties or restrictions on operations by governmental agencies or courts that could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are involved in various litigation matters from time to time. For more information regarding our material legal proceedings, please see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 14—Commitments and Contingencies, subheading Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management's attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. If we are unsuccessful in our defense in these litigation matters, or any other legal proceeding, we may be forced to pay damages or fines, enter into consent decrees or change our business practices, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Damage to our reputation or brand image could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.
Our reputation is largely based on public perceptions. Incidents that erode trust or confidence in us could adversely affect our reputation and thereby impact our business, particularly if the incidents result in rapid or significant adverse publicity, protests, litigation, boycotts, governmental inquiries, or other stakeholder responses. This could include incidents regarding our actions or inactions on issues related to corporate social responsibility or environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters, and any perceived lack of transparency about such matters. We have established, and may continue to establish, various goals and initiatives, including with respect to sustainability and inclusion and belonging. We cannot guarantee that we will achieve these goals and initiatives or that our initiatives will achieve their desired results. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to achieve these goals and initiatives could lead to adverse perceptions of our business, consumer boycotts, litigation, investigations, and regulatory proceedings. Any of these outcomes could negatively impact our reputation, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, stakeholder expectations regarding ESG and other matters continue to evolve and are not uniform. Our pursuit of our goals and initiatives could also lead to adverse perceptions of our business, consumer boycotts, litigation, investigations, and regulatory proceedings due to differing expectations on ESG and other matters. In turn, damage to our reputation or brand image could, among other things, adversely impact our customer loyalties and sales, our supply chain relationships and business opportunities, our ability to attract and retain talent sufficient to meet business needs, and results of operations. Any of the foregoing can be further exacerbated by changes to laws, regulation, standards, directives (including executive orders), and enforcement priorities. See " —Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws, regulations and enforcement activities may adversely affect the products, services and markets in which we operate. "
Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in us or restrict the use of digital assets, including tokens or blockchain technology, in a manner that adversely affects our business, prospects and operations.
As digital assets, such as tokens and cryptocurrencies, and blockchain technology have grown in both popularity and market size, governments around the world have reacted differently to them, with certain governments deeming them illegal while others have allowed their use and trade. Governments may in the future regulate, curtail or outlaw the ability for acquisition, use or redemption of digital assets and blockchain technology. Governments may take regulatory action that may increase the cost and/or subject companies in the digital asset or blockchain technology space to additional regulation. Similar actions by governments or regulatory bodies could result in restriction of the acquisition, ownership, holding, selling, use or trading of digital assets, including our token offerings.
In the United States and certain other jurisdictions, certain digital assets may be securities and subject to the securities laws of the relevant jurisdictions. If we fail to comply with any relevant laws, regulations or prohibitions that may be applicable to us, we could face regulatory or other enforcement actions and potential fines or other consequences. The rapidly evolving regulatory landscape with respect to digital assets and blockchain technology may subject us to inquiries or investigations from regulators and governmental authorities, require us to make product changes, restrict or discontinue product offerings, and implement additional and potentially costly controls. If we fail to comply with regulations, requirements, prohibitions or other obligations applicable to us, we could face regulatory or other enforcement actions and potential fines and other consequences.
Digital assets, including cryptocurrencies and tokens, have in the past and may in the future experience periods of extreme price volatility. Fluctuations in the value of any digital assets that we might hold or offer could also lead to volatility in our financial results and could have an adverse impact on our business. These uncertainties, including accounting and tax developments, or other requirements relating to digital assets or blockchain technology could expose us to litigation, regulatory action and possible liability, and have an adverse effect on our business.
If we do not successfully optimize and operate our fulfillment center or customer service operations, our business could be harmed.
We have expanded, contracted, and otherwise modified our fulfillment centers, warehouses, and customer service operations from time to time in the past, and expect that we will continue to do so. If we do not successfully optimize and operate our fulfillment center and customer service operations, it could significantly limit our ability to meet customer demand, customer shipping or return time expectations, or result in excessive costs and expenses for the size of our business. We may not be able to staff at optimal levels or manage our operations in an optimal way, which could result in reduced customer satisfaction and excess or insufficient inventory or warehousing capacity. Our failure to manage our fulfillment center or customer service operations optimally could adversely affect our financial results and customer experience and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
If we fail to effectively utilize technological advancements, including in artificial intelligence, our business and financial performance could be negatively impacted.
Our industry is highly competitive and is undergoing rapid changes due to technological advancement in areas such as artificial intelligence (AI). Our future success depends in part on our ability to effectively utilize these technological advancements. Our competitors may outpace us in incorporating AI into their product offerings, engagement with customers, and to create efficiencies, any of which could affect our competitiveness and operational outcomes. Our efforts to utilize these technological advancements may not be successful, may result in substantial integration and maintenance costs, and may expose us to additional risks. For example, Personal Information that may be used in relation to AI could subject us to data privacy and cybersecurity risks. For more information, see " Risks Relating to Our Company and its Operational, Litigation, and Regulatory Environment ." Additionally, the content, analyses, or recommendations generated by AI programs, if deficient, inaccurate, or biased, could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operational results, as well as our reputation. Moreover, ethical concerns associated with AI could lead to brand damage, competitive disadvantages, or legal repercussions. Any problems with our implementation or use of AI or other technological advancements could negatively impact our business or results of our operations.
Global conflict could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Global conflict could increase costs and limit availability of fuel, energy, and other resources we depend upon for our business operations and could also limit product assortment availability. For example, while we do not operate in Russia or Ukraine, the tensions between the United States and Russia and the other effects of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, have resulted in many broader economic impacts such as the United States imposing sanctions and bansagainst Russia and Russian products imported into the United States. Such sanctions and bans have impacted and may continue to impact commodity pricing such as fuel and energy costs, making it more expensive for us and our partners to deliver products to our customers. Conflict in the Middle East has resulted in reduced access to shipping ports, which in turn has increased shipping times and costs. Further, we and many of our suppliers and fulfillment partners source a large percentage of the products we offer on our Website from China. Relations between the United States and China have become increasingly strained and if tensions were to escalate, it could limit or delay our ability to provide a full assortment of furniture and home furnishings on our Website. Sanctions, bans, trade restrictions, or other economic actions in response to present or future conflicts could result in an increase in costs, further disruptions to our supply chain, and a lack of consumer confidence resulting in reduced demand. Any of the foregoing could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are partially self-insured with respect to our employees' health insurance. If the actual costs of these claims exceed the amounts we have accrued for them, we would incur additional expense.
Since January 1, 2017, we have been partially self-insured with respect to our employees' health insurance, except to the extent of stop-loss coverage that limits our losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. The actual costs of our employees' health insurance claims could exceed our estimates of those costs for a number of reasons, including more claims or larger claims than we expect, and increases in the costs of healthcare generally. If the actual cost of our employees' health insurance claims and related expenses exceeds the amounts we have accrued, we may be required to record additional charges for these claims and/or to establish additional cash reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology and to obtain trademark protection for our marks.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of laws, regulations, and contractual restrictions with our employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates, and others to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including the law pertaining to trade secrets. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or trade secrets without authorization. In addition, we cannot ensure that others will not independently develop similar intellectual property. Third parties have in the past recruited and may in the future recruit our employees who have had access to our proprietary technologies, processes and operations. These recruiting efforts expose us to the risk that such employees and those hiring them will misappropriate and exploit our intellectual property and trade secrets. We may be unable to protect against such risks, in the United States or elsewhere, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we have registered some of our, and are pursuing the registration of other key trademarks in the United States and some other countries, some of our trademarks and trade names may not be eligible to receive registered trademark protection. In addition, effective trademark protection may not be available or we may not seek protection in every country in which we market or sell our products and services, including in the United States. Our competitors might adopt product or service marks like our marks or might try to prevent us from using our marks. Any claim by another party against us, or customer confusion related to our trademarks, or our failure to obtain trademark registration, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We are currently subject to claims that we have infringed intellectual property rights of third parties and may be subjected to additional infringementclaims in the future.
We have been in the past and may in the future be subject to claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, by offering allegedlyinfringing products or otherwise. We have contested and expect to continue to contest claims we consider unfounded rather than settling such claims, even when we expect the costs of contesting the claims could potentially exceed the cost of settlement. Any claims may result in significant expenditure of our financial and managerial resources and may result in us needing to make significant damages or settlement payments or changes to our business. We could be prohibited from using software or business processes, or required to obtain licenses from third parties, which could be expensive or unavailable. Any such difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
Product safety and quality concerns could have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability.
If the products we sell fail to meet, or are alleged to fail to meet, applicable safety standards or our customers’ expectations regarding safety and quality, we could be exposed to increased legal risk and damage to our reputation. Failure to take appropriate actions in relation to product-related issues (for example, product recalls), could lead to violations of laws and regulations and leave us susceptible to government enforcement actions or private litigation. Recalls of products, particularly when combined with lack of available alternatives or difficulty in sourcing sufficient volumes of replacement products, could also have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability.
We depend on our suppliers' and fulfillment partners' representations regarding product safety, content and quality, product compliance with various laws and regulations, including registration and/or reporting obligations, and for proper labeling of products.
We rely on our suppliers' and fulfillment partners' representations of product safety, content and quality, product compliance with various laws and regulations, including registration and/or reporting obligations, and proper labeling of products. Issues or concerns regarding product safety, compliance, registration and/or reporting, labeling, content or quality could result in consumer or governmental claims and could adversely affect our financial results and business. Any indemnity agreement we may have with a supplier or fulfillment partner of a product may be inadequate or inapplicable, and any insurance coverage we may carry may be inadequate. Even unsuccessfulclaims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and could have a negative impact on our business. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
We have an evolving business model, which increases the complexity of our business.
We are modifying and expanding the types of products and services offered for sale on our websites, may further expand offerings in the future, and we do not know whether any of our modifications or expansions will be successful. From time to time, we have also modified aspects of our business model relating to our product mix and the mix of direct versus partner sourcing of the products offered for sale. Products purchased for direct sale come with additional risks and uncertainties, including costs to maintain inventory, risk of loss from theft or otherwise, and risks associated with the marketing and labeling of products. In addition, we continue to experiment with new technologies to enhance the customer experience and iterate on delivery of new features, and with new services to become the "Everything Home Company." Specifically, we plan to pursue strategic investments or acquisitions in non-retail, home-centric technology, data, products, services and select PropTech solutions, as well as changes in our investments in physical assets such as inventory and leases, and are focused on our three Pillars, which includes omnichannel commerce; digital, financial, insurance & blockchain services; and Beyond Home Platforms & Beyond Home OS. The additions and modifications to our business have increased the complexity of our business and have impacted, and may in the future materially impact, our management, personnel, operations, systems, technical performance, financial resources, and internal control and reporting functions. Further, our efforts to right-size our cost structure and create a more flexible technology stack may result in the introduction of technologies that are less mature or stable, which could cause problems in our website or back-end logistics systems or compliance efforts. Further, any new business, products or services, technology, or website we launch that is not favorably received by consumers could damage our reputation and our brand. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, prospects, and the trading prices of our securities.
Investment in new business strategies, acquisitions, dispositions, partnerships, or other transactions could disrupt our ongoing business, present risks not originally contemplated and materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.
We have invested, and in the future may invest, in new business strategies, acquisitions, dispositions, partnerships, or other transactions. We intend for these initiatives to drive efficiencies and improve margins. Such endeavors may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, greater-than-expected liabilities and expenses, new claims or litigation, economic, political, legal and regulatory challenges associated with operating in new businesses, regions or countries, inadequate return on capital, unrealized benefits or unanticipateddelays in realized benefits, potential impairment of tangible and intangible assets, and significant write-offs. Investment, acquisition, disposition and partnership transactions are exposed to additional risks, including the imposition of onerous conditions that could delay or prevent us from completing a transaction or otherwise limit our ability to fully realize the anticipated benefits of a transaction. Rapid, significant, and disruptive technological changes impact the industries in which we operate or in which we may in the future operate, including in areas such as tokenization, virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies, blockchain technologies, and the success of new business strategies, acquisitions, dispositions, partnerships, or other transactions will depend, in part, on our
ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes. In addition, any new investments or acquisitions may require us to raise additional capital, including debt or equity securities. These transactions may impose additional restrictions on our ability to operate and/or may be dilutive to you. In the event that additional liquidity is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise the capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
These new ventures are inherently risky and may not be successful. If we do not successfully manage and execute these initiatives, or if they are inadequate or ineffective, we may fail to meet our financial goals and achieve anticipated benefits, improvements may be delayed, not sustained or not realized, and our business, operations and competitive position could be adversely affected.
If Pelion is not successful in managing the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund or has to resign if there is a change in the interpretation or application of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"), we would be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of this arrangement.
As the general partner of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund, Pelion has control over the limited partnership and its activities, including day-to-day operations and investment decisions. Pelion is able to sell investments of the limited partnership at any time, make additional investments, modify, amend or change existing investments, make new investments and otherwise control the activities of the limited partnership.
The success of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund depends on Pelion's ability to successfully manage the activities of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund portfolio companies and its existing and future portfolio company investments. Pelion may not be successful in managing these investments and we may not receive the benefits we anticipate of the transaction with Pelion. Moreover, even if successful in managing the Partnership, Pelion has the right to withdraw as general partner under certain circumstances, including certain changes in Pelion's status under the Advisers Act. The occurrence of such an event is beyond our control, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that Pelion will remain as general partner for the term contemplated. If Pelion is no longer serving as the general partner, we will have the right under the partnership agreement to appoint a new general partner; however, it may not be possible to accomplish this in a timely manner, which could result in the termination of the partnership. Even if a new general partner is appointed in a timely manner, it may be unable to manage the activities of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund and its portfolio company investments, which would prevent us from receiving the anticipated benefits of the partnership.
We have entered into agreements granting certain third parties the right to use certain of our trademarks, which could damage our brand and reputation.
We have entered into agreements with several third parties, pursuant to which we have authorized these third parties to use certain of our trademarks on certain products and certain store locations in certain geographic territories. For example, on June 30, 2025, we entered into a Trademark and Domain Name Agreement with a large, well-established Canadian retailer to sell certain intellectual property related to our Bed Bath & Beyond trademarks in Canada and the United Kingdom. Any failure of these third parties to deliver products at reasonably comparable quality and price to the products we offer in connection with these trademarks, to offer good customer experiences consistent with our brands, or any breach of our agreements by any such third party could negatively impact our objectives, consistency with our brands, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Warrants
The trading price of our common stock may be adversely affected by short-selling activities involving our common stock.
The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. Our stock price fluctuations may be due in part to short-selling activity related to our common stock. Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own, but rather has borrowed or intends to borrow from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities at a later date to return to the lender. A short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. It is therefore in the short seller’s interest for the price of the stock to decline, and some short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, opinions or characterizations regarding the relevant issuer, often involving misrepresentations of the issuer’s business prospects and similar matters calculated to create negative market momentum, which may permit them to obtain profits for themselves as a result of selling the stock short.
As a public entity, we may be the subject of concerted efforts by short sellers to spread negative information in order to gain a market advantage. The practice of short-selling activity may adversely affect our common stock price, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to raise capital and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects. In addition, the publication of misinformation may also result in further lawsuits, the uncertainty and expense of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and reputation. There are no assurances that we will not face short sellers’ efforts or similar tactics, and the market price of our common stock may decline as a result of their actions.
Significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may adversely affect the market prices of our common stock, and you may lose all or a part of your investment.
Our revenues and operating results have varied in the past and may continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition to the other risk factors described in this report, factors that have caused and/or could cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate and in turn affect the market prices of our common stock include:
• increases in the cost of advertising and changes in our sales and marketing expenditures;
• our inability to attract new customers and retain existing customers or encourage repeat purchases;
• the extent to which our existing and future marketing campaigns are successful;
• price competition, particularly in the costs of marketing and product pricing;
• the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures;
• the amount and timing of our purchases of inventory;
• our inability to manage distribution operations or provide adequate levels of customer service;
• increases in the cost of fuel, transportation or distribution;
• our inability to implement technology changes or integrate operations and technologies from acquisitions or other business combinations;
• our efforts to offer new lines of products and services;
• our inability to attract users to our website;
• macroeconomic and geopolitical factors; and
• losses associated with our equity method investments.
Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business and our ability to raise capital and could have a material adverse effect on the holders of our common stock.
Future sales or other distributions of our stock may depress our stock price or subject us to limitations on our ability to use our net operating and tax credit carryforwards.
Sales or other distributions of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, in the public market or otherwise, by us or by a significant stockholder, have in the past and could in the future, depress the trading price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. The transfer of ownership of a significant portion of our outstanding shares of stock in the public market or otherwise, by us or by a significant stockholder, within a rolling three-year period could adversely affect our ability to use our net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards to offset future taxable net income.
In addition, we may issue additional shares of our common or preferred stock from time to time in the future in amounts that may be significant. We have sold common stock including under our "at the market" sales agreement and in follow-on underwritten offerings in the past and may do so in the future. We also previously issued a class of preferred stock that was publicly traded and may in the future issue preferred stock that is publicly traded. The sale or issuance of substantial amounts of our common or any preferred stock, by us or a significant stockholder, or the perception that these sales or issuances may occur, could adversely affect the trading prices of our securities.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Among other things, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions:
• limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;
• only permitting the Board of Directors to fix the number of directors and to fill vacancies;
• prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
• prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
• requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors; and
• designating a state court located in the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for specified matters.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.
Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock or other securities and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock or other securities.
We are subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE regarding our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, or report them in a timely manner.
We are subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"). These rules and regulations require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal control over financial reporting. For example, we are required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"). Such reporting obligations place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel.
If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or if we are unable to comply with the requirements applicable to us as a public company, in a timely manner, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by the SEC. We could also become subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In addition, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, we may face restricted access to the capital markets, and our stock price may be adversely affected.
We are subject to the risk of possibly becoming an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Investment Company Act") regulates certain companies that invest in, hold or trade securities. Primarily as a result of a portion of our assets consisting of indirectly-held minority investment positions through the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund, we are subject to the risk of inadvertently becoming an investment company. Because registration under the Investment Company Act would make it impractical for us to operate our business, we need to avoid becoming subject to the registration requirements of the Investment Company Act. To do so, we may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner than if we did not have Investment Company Act concerns, or we may avoid otherwise economically desirable transactions and/or strategic initiatives due to those concerns. In addition, events beyond our control, including significant appreciation or depreciation in the value of certain of our holdings or adverse developments with respect to our ownership of certain of our subsidiaries, could result in us inadvertently becoming an investment company. If it were established that we were an investment company, there would be a risk, among other material adverse consequences, that
we could become subject to monetary penalties or injunctive relief, or both, in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties or that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions with us undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company. Registered investment companies are subject to extensive, restrictive and potentially adverse regulation relating to, among other things, capital structure, leverage, management, dividends and transactions with affiliates. Registered investment companies are not permitted to operate their business in the manner in which we operate (and intend to operate) our business. Specifically, if we were required to register under the Investment Company Act, provisions of the Investment Company Act could limit (and in some cases even prohibit) our ability to raise additional debt and equity securities or issue options or warrants (which could impact our ability to compensate key employees), limit our ability to use financial leverage, and limit our ability to incur indebtedness. Provisions of the Investment Company Act would also prohibit (subject to certain exceptions) transactions with affiliates. If it were established that we were an investment company, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial operations and our ability to continue our business.
If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for common stock relies in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Securities and industry analysts may not publish research about us. If securities or industry analysts do not continue coverage of us, the trading price of our common stock would likely be negatively impacted. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or our industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts stops covering us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Additionally, from time to time if we receive a credit rating, any fluctuation in the credit rating of us or our subsidiaries may impact our ability to access debt markets in the future or increase our cost of future debt which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition, which in return may adversely affect the trading price of shares of our common stock.
The price of the Warrants may decline rapidly and significantly following their distribution.
If there is little or no market demand for the Warrants once trading begins, the trading price of the Warrants will likely decline following their distribution. Warrants are being distributed all at once, which could lead to demand and supply imbalances and cause the trading price of the Warrants to decline rapidly and significantly.
An active public market for the Warrants may not be sustained, which would adversely affect the liquidity and market price of the Warrants.
Prior to the Warrant Distribution, there was no existing trading market for the Warrants. The Warrants are subject to trading dynamics over which we have no control. An active and orderly trading market for the Warrants may not be sustained. The trading market for the Warrants may lack adequate size, liquidity or price transparency or may have an unusually high bid-ask spread. You may be unable to sell your Warrants at a price that is favorable to you.
The trading price for the Warrants may bear little or no relationship to traditional valuation methods, or to the market price of our common stock, and therefore the trading price of the Warrants may fluctuate significantly following their issuance.
The trading price of the Warrants may have little or no relationship to, and may be significantly lower, or at times higher, than the price that would otherwise be established using traditional indicators of value, such as our future prospects and those of our industry in general; future potential revenues, earnings, cash flows, and other financial and operating information, or multiples thereof; market prices of securities and other financial and operating information of companies engaged in business activities that are similar to ours; and the views of research analysts. Potential investors should not buy Warrants in the open market unless they are willing to take the risk that the trading price of the Warrants could fluctuate and decline significantly.
Hedging arrangements relating to the Warrants may affect the value and volatility of our common stock.
In order to hedge their financial positions, Warrant holders may choose to enter into hedging transactions with respect to our common stock, may unwind or adjust hedging transactions and may purchase or sell large blocks of our common stock in one or more market transactions. The effect, if any, of these activities on the trading price of our common stock will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be known in advance, but any of these activities could adversely affect the value and price volatility of our common stock.
Exercising the Warrants is a risky investment and those who exercise their Warrants may not be able to recover the value of their investment in the common stock received upon such exercise. Warrant holders could sustain a total loss of the exercise price of any Warrants that they exercise.
In order to recover the value of the investment in the shares of common stock received upon exercise of a Warrant at the exercise price, the value of such shares of common stock must be more than the exercise price of the Warrants. If the value of the shares of common stock a Warrant holder receives upon exercise of a Warrant is lower than the amount paid to the exercise the Warrant, the holder could experience a total loss of investment in exercising the Warrants.
A Warrant holder may lose some or all of their financial investment after exercising a Warrant.
A Warrant holder may incur a financial or other loss upon, or subsequent to, the exercise of a Warrant due to a drop in our stock price, or by a failure to timely deliver Warrant shares as of any particular date after exercise, or for other reasons. If the market value of our common stock price declines, a Warrant holder may be unable to resell shares at or above the price at which they were acquired through the exercise of Warrants. There can be no assurance that the price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly below the Warrant exercise price in the future, in which case a Warrant holder could incur substantial losses.
The trading price of the shares of our common stock and Warrants could be highly volatile, and purchasers of our common stock or Warrants could incur substantial losses.
During calendar year 2025 to-date, the closing sale price of shares of our common stock on NYSE has been reported as low as $3.68 per share and as high as $12.11 per share. This volatility may affect the price at which a Warrant holder could sell the shares of our common stock or Warrants, and the sale of substantial amounts of our common stock or Warrants could adversely affect the price of our common stock or Warrants. The trading prices of our common stock and Warrants are likely to continue to be volatile and subject to significant price and volume fluctuations in response to market and other factors, including those described in the sections captioned “Risk Factors” herein. Additionally, broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock and Warrants, regardless of our actual operating performance.
As a result, Warrant holders may not be able to sell shares of common stock or Warrants at or above the price at which they purchase them.
Speculation in our publicly-traded common stock or Warrants may result in extreme price volatility.
Our stockholders or Warrant holders or outside investors may speculate on the direction of movements in the price of our common stock or Warrants. Speculation in the price of our common stock or Warrants may involve long and short exposures. Sudden changes in demand or supply for our common stock or Warrants due to speculation or other reasons may create trading anomalies that add volatility to the trading price of these securities. The volatility or direction of our stock price or Warrant price may be unrelated or disproportionate to our operating results, which could cause significant losses to Warrant holders’ investments.
The settlement process for shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants is outside of our control and may cause Warrant holders to lose the value of their investment.
The settlement process with respect to exercised Warrants refers to the time between exercise of a Warrant and when the issued common stock is delivered to Warrant holders’ account, and Warrant holders become the holder of record of such common stock. The settlement process is conducted by outside parties and broker-dealers and is therefore outside of our control.
Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer transactions is one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. We understand that under existing financial industry practices, delivery of the shares of common stock upon exercise of Warrants will likely not occur within one business day, and delivery may take several business days. Warrant holders could experience a significant loss of investment in exercising Warrants if the settlement process takes longer than anticipated or fails to settle.
The issuance of common stock upon the exercise of the Warrants may depress our stock price.
We could issue a maximum of up to 6,884,341 shares of common stock in connection with the Warrant Distribution, which would be an approximately 10.0% increase from our current number of shares outstanding. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock upon exercise of the Warrants, and the resale of such shares on the open market after their issuance, or the perception that such sales could occur, could result in significant downward pressure on our stock price.
Warrant holders are not entitled to any of the rights of holders of our common stock.
Warrant holders are not entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock, including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to receive any dividends or other distributions on our common stock, but Warrant holders are subject to all changes affecting our common stock.
Warrant holders will have rights with respect to our common stock only if they receive our common stock upon exercising Warrants for cash and only as of the date when they become a record owner of the shares of our common stock upon such exercise. For example, if an amendment is proposed to our charter or bylaws requiring stockholder approval and the record date for determining the stockholders of record entitled to vote on the amendment occurs prior to the date a Warrant holder is deemed to be the owner of the shares of our common stock due upon exercise of their Warrants, the Warrant holder will not be entitled to vote on the amendment, although they will nevertheless be subject to any changes in the powers, preferences or special rights of our common stock.
Because we do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock, stockholders will benefit from an investment in our common stock primarily if it appreciates in value.
We do not currently anticipate paying any cash dividends on shares of our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future would be made by our Board of Directors and would depend upon results of operations, financial conditions, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law, and other factors our Board of Directors would deem relevant. Accordingly, realization of a gain on stockholders’ investments will primarily depend on the appreciation of the price of our common stock.
Our management will have broad discretion in the use of any net proceeds from the exercise of Warrants and may allocate any net proceeds from the exercise of Warrants in ways that Warrant holders and other stockholders may not approve.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, if any, from the exercise of Warrants, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” in our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-290763) filed with the SEC on October 8, 2025 and declared effective by the SEC on December 3, 2025 (the “Warrant Registration Statement”), and could spend the net proceeds in ways with which you may not agree. Accordingly, stockholders will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of the net proceeds, and will not have the opportunity to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the net proceeds will be invested or otherwise used in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us, or that does not improve our operating results or enhance the value of our common stock or other securities. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of any net proceeds from the exercise of Warrants, the ultimate use of such net proceeds may vary substantially from their currently intended use. The failure of our management to use these net proceeds, if any, effectively could harm our business.
The Warrants do not automatically exercise, and any Warrants that Warrant holders do not exercise prior to the Expiration Date will lose all financial value.
The Warrants do not automatically exercise, even if our common stock price remains at or above the exercise price of the Warrants. Warrant holders are entitled to exercise the full number of Warrants registered in their name or any portion thereof. Any Warrant that Warrant holders do not exercise for cash prior to the Expiration Date will expire unexercised and
Warrant holders will not receive any shares of our common stock. If the Early Expiration Price Condition occurs, the Expiration Date of the Warrants could be accelerated significantly. The Warrants will have no financial value after the Expiration Date.
Future sales or other dilution of our equity may adversely affect the market price of our common stock .
The Warrant Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2025, between the Company, Computershare, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its affiliate, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Warrant Agent (the "Warrant Agreement") does not restrict us from issuing additional shares of common stock to the public or under our employee and director compensation plans. We regularly evaluate opportunities to access capital markets, taking into account our capital needs, financial condition, strategic plans and other relevant considerations. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or common equivalent securities in future equity offerings will dilute the ownership interest of our existing common stockholders and may depress the trading value of the Warrants or our common stock. There can be no assurances that we will not in the future determine that it is advisable or necessary to issue additional shares of common stock or other securities convertible or exercisable for shares of common stock to fund our business needs. We also expect to continue to use equity and stock options to compensate our employees and directors and others. The market price of our common stock and the Warrants could decline significantly as a result of such offerings or issuances, or the perception that such offerings or issuances could occur.
Our registration statement covering the issuance of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants may not be available at times.
We will use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep a registration statement effective, subject to certain exceptions, covering the issuance of the common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants; however, we are not prohibited from suspending the use of the registration statement and can suspend it at any time at our discretion as described in the Warrant Registration Statement under the heading “Description of the Warrants - Registration and Suspension.” If at the time of exercise of Warrants, there is no effective registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants, the right to exercise Warrants shall be automatically suspended until such registration statement becomes effective (any such period, an “Exercise Suspension Period”). The Company shall provide notice by press release, with a copy to the Warrant Agent, of any Exercise Suspension Period. If the Expiration Date would otherwise fall in an Exercise Suspension Period, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Warrant Agreement, the Expiration Date shall be extended by the number of days included in such Exercise Suspension Period.
We will require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on favorable terms, or at all.
Our operations or expansion efforts will require substantial additional financial, operational, and managerial resources and we will need to raise additional funds to expand our operations. We may seek debt financing or additional equity capital. Additional capital may not be available to us, or may only be available on terms that adversely affect our existing stockholders, or that restrict our operations.
For example, if we raise additional funds through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Since our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock.
Risks Related to the Merger
The Merger may not be completed and the Merger Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms.
The Merger is subject to a number of conditions that must be satisfied or waived (to the extent permitted) prior to the completion of the Merger, including the approval by TBHC’s shareholders of the Merger Proposal. These conditions to the completion of the Merger, some of which are beyond the control of BBBY and TBHC, may not be satisfied or waived in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly, the Merger may be delayed or not completed.
Additionally, either BBBY or TBHC may terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, including, among other reasons, if the Merger is not completed by the outside date.
The termination of the Merger Agreement could negatively impact BBBY and the trading prices of our common stock.
If the Merger is not completed for any reason, including because TBHC’s shareholders fail to approve the Merger Proposal, the ongoing businesses of BBBY may be adversely affected and, without realizing any of the expected benefits of having completed the Merger, BBBY would be subject to a number of risks, including the following:
• failure to complete the proposed Merger may result in negative publicity and a negative impression of us in the investment community;
• we may experience negative reactions from our customers and employees;
• we will be required to pay our respective costs relating to the Merger (subject to TBHC’s obligation to pay an expense reimbursement fee of approximately $0.3 million to us in certain circumstances), such as financial advisory, legal, financing and accounting costs and associated fees and expenses, whether or not the Merger is completed;
• the Merger Agreement places certain restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to completion of the Merger and such restrictions, the waiver of which is subject to the consent of TBHC, may prevent us from taking actions during the pendency of the Merger that might otherwise be beneficial; and
• matters relating to the Merger (including integration planning) will require substantial commitments of time and resources by us, which could otherwise have been devoted to day-to-day operations or to other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us.
The market price for shares of our common stock following the Merger may be affected by factors different from, or in addition to, those that historically have affected or currently affect the market prices of shares of our common stock.
Upon consummation of the Merger, our stockholders and TBHC shareholders will both hold shares of common stock in the combined company. Our businesses differ from those of TBHC, and TBHC’s businesses differ from ours, and, accordingly, the results of operations of the combined company will be affected by some factors that are different from those currently or historically affecting our results of operations. The results of operations of the combined company may also be affected by factors different from those that currently affect or have historically affected either us or TBHC.
Based on the anticipated treatment of equity-based awards and the number of shares of TBHC Common Stock outstanding as of December 9, 2025, it is expected that we may issue approximately 3,046,103 shares of our common stock in the Merger. Former TBHC shareholders may decide not to hold the shares of our common stock that they will receive in the Merger, and our stockholders may decide to reduce their investment in us as a result of the changes to our investment profile as a result of the Merger. Other TBHC shareholders, such as funds with limitations on their permitted holdings of stock in individual issuers, may be required to sell the shares of our common stock that they receive in the Merger. Such sales of our common stock could have the effect of depressing the market price of our common stock.
Obtaining required approvals and satisfyingclosing conditions may prevent or delay completion of the Merger.
The Merger is subject to a number of conditions to closing as specified in the Merger Agreement. These closing conditions include, among others, the approval by TBHC shareholders of the Merger Proposal, the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 registering our common stock issuable pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the absence of any stop order or proceedings by the SEC with respect thereto, approval for listing on the NYSE of the shares of our common stock to be issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and the absence of governmental restraints or prohibitions preventing the consummation of the Merger. The obligation of each of us and TBHC to consummate the Merger are also conditioned on, among other things, the truth and accuracy of the representations and warranties made by the other party on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date (subject to certain materiality and material adverse effect qualifiers), and the performance by the other party in all material respects of its obligations under the Merger Agreement. No assurance can be given that the other required shareholder, governmental and regulatory consents and approvals will be obtained or that the other required conditions to closing will be satisfied, and, if all required consents and approvals are obtained and the required conditions are satisfied, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of such consents and approvals. Any delay in completing the Merger could cause the combined company not to realize, or to be delayed in realizing, some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve if the Merger is successfully completed within its expected time frame.
Failure to attract, motivate and retain executives and other key employees could diminish the anticipated benefits of the Merger.
The success of the Merger will depend in part on the combined company’s ability to retain the talents and dedication of the professionals currently employed by us and TBHC. It is possible that these employees may decide not to remain with us or TBHC, as applicable, while the Merger is pending, or with the combined company. If key employees terminate their employment, or if an insufficient number of employees are retained to maintain effective operations, the combined company’s business activities may be adversely affected and management’s attention may be diverted from successfully integrating us and TBHC to hiring suitable replacements, all of which may cause the combined company’s business to suffer. In addition, we and TBHC may not be able to locate suitable replacements for any key employees that leave either company or offer employment to potential replacements on reasonable terms. In addition, there could be disruptions to or distractions for the workforce and management, including disruptions associated with integrating employees into the combined company. No assurance can be given that the combined company will be able to attract or retain key employees of ours and TBHC’s to the same extent that those companies have been able to attract or retain their own employees in the past.
The Merger, and uncertainty regarding the Merger, may cause customers, strategic partners and others to delay or defer decisions concerning us or TBHC and adversely affect each company’s ability to effectively manage its respective business.
The Merger will happen only if the stated conditions are met, including the approval by TBHC’s shareholders of the Merger Proposal and the receipt of required approvals, and consents among other conditions. Many of the conditions are beyond our control and TBHC’s control, and both parties also have certain rights to terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances.
Accordingly, there may be uncertainty regarding the completion of the Merger. This uncertainty may cause customers, strategic partners or others that deal with us to delay or defer entering into contracts with us or making other decisions concerning us or seek to change or cancel existing business relationships with us, which could negatively affect our business. Any delay or deferral of those decisions or changes in existing agreements could have an adverse impact on our business, regardless of whether the Merger is ultimately completed.
In addition, the Merger Agreement restricts us and our subsidiaries from taking certain actions during the pendency of the Merger without the consent of TBHC. These restrictions may prevent us from pursuing attractive business opportunities or strategic transactions that may arise prior to the completion of the Merger.
Whether or not the Merger is completed, the announcement and pendency of the Merger could cause disruptions in our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
Whether or not the Merger is completed, the announcement and pendency of the Merger could cause disruptions in our business, including by diverting the attention of our management away from day-to-day business operations and toward the completion of the Merger. In addition, we have diverted significant management resources in an effort to complete the Merger and are subject to restrictions contained in the Merger Agreement on the conduct of our business. If the Merger is not completed, we will have incurred significant costs, including the diversion of management resources, for which we will have received little or no benefit.
The consummation of the Merger is conditioned upon the satisfaction of certain financing covenants.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at our election, either (i) we shall repay, on behalf of TBHC and its subsidiaries, on or before the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) all amounts necessary to discharge in full all of the obligations of TBHC and its subsidiaries arising under that certain Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2023, by and among the Kirkland’s Stores, Inc., as lead borrower, the other borrowers named therein, the guarantors named therein, and the Agent, or (ii) each of us and TBHC shall use commercially reasonable efforts to, on or prior to the Effective Time, enter into a fully executed and enforceable amendment to TBHC’s existing revolving credit facility. There can be no assurance that this covenant will be satisfied on the expected timeline, or at all, and failure to do so could delay the consummation of the Merger, increase costs, or otherwise adversely affect us and/or TBHC.
The Merger will involve substantial costs.
We and TBHC have incurred and expect to incur non-recurring costs associated with combining the operations of the two companies, as well as transaction fees and other costs related to the Merger. These costs and expenses include fees paid to financial, legal and accounting advisors, facilities and systems consolidation costs, severance and other potential employment-related costs, filing fees, printing expenses and other related charges. Some of these costs are payable by us or TBHC regardless of whether the Merger is completed.
The combined company will also incur restructuring and integration costs in connection with the Merger. The costs related to restructuring will be expensed as a cost of the ongoing results of operations of the combined company. There are processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies and systems that must be integrated in connection with the Merger and the integration of TBHC’s business with our business. We expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, strategic benefits, and additional income, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, may offset incremental transaction, Merger-related and restructuring costs over time. However, any net benefit may not be achieved in the near term or at all. Many of these costs will be borne by us even if the Merger is not completed. While we have assumed that certain expenses would be incurred in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, there are many factors beyond our control that could affect the total amount or the timing of the integration and implementation expenses.
Lawsuits may in the future be filed against us or TBHC, or against our or TBHC’s directors, challenging the Merger, and an adverse ruling in any such lawsuit may prevent the Merger from becoming effective or from becoming effective within the expected time frame.
Transactions like the proposed Merger are frequently subject to litigation or other legal proceedings, including actions alleging that our board of directors or the TBHC Board breached their respective fiduciary duties to their shareholders by entering into the Merger Agreement, by failing to obtain a greater value in the transaction for their shareholders or otherwise. Neither we nor TBHC can provide assurance that such litigation or other legal proceedings will not be brought. If litigation or other legal proceedings are in fact brought against us or TBHC, or against our board of directors or the TBHC Board, they will defendagainst it, but might not be successful in doing so. An adverse outcome in such matters, as well as the costs and efforts of a defense even if successful, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation or financial position or that of the combined company, including through the possible diversion of either company’s resources or distraction of key personnel.
Furthermore, one of the conditions to the completion of the Merger is that no injunction by any court or other governmental entity of competent jurisdiction will be in effect that prevents, enjoins or makes illegal the consummation of the Merger. As such, if any of the plaintiffs are successful in obtaining an injunctionpreventing the consummation of the Merger, that injunction may prevent the Merger from becoming effective or from becoming effective within the expected time frame.
The consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement are not conditioned upon the receipt of an opinion of counsel to the effect that the Merger qualifies for the Intended Tax Treatment, and neither TBHC nor we intend to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger.
The Merger is intended to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Assuming the Merger so qualifies, a holder of TBHC Common Stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of TBHC Common Stock for our common stock in the Merger, except possibly with respect to cash received by such holder in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock.
However, it is not a condition to TBHC’s obligation or our obligation to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement that the Merger qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment or that TBHC or we receive an opinion from counsel to that effect. There are many requirements that must be satisfied for the Merger to qualify as a reorganization, some of which are based upon factual determinations, and the reorganization treatment could be adversely affected by events or actions that occur or are taken after the Merger. Furthermore, neither TBHC nor we intend to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Merger will qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment or that the IRS will not challenge the conclusion that the Merger will qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If, contrary to expectations, the Merger does not qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment, holders of TBHC Common Stock could be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon the receipt of our common stock in the Merger.
Risks Related to the Combined Company
We and TBHC have each incurred significant losses in recent years, and we cannot be certain when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fully fund our ongoing operations or the growth of the combined company.
We and TBHC have each historically used significant amounts of cash in operating activities, and we expect for the combined company to continue to use significant amounts of cash to fund ongoing operations, capital requirements, and working capital needs for the foreseeable future. If we, TBHC, or the combined company do not achieveprofitability as anticipated, we may be required to allocate additional financial resources, which could adversely affect liquidity, results of operations, or the ability to pursue other strategic initiatives. The incurrence of indebtedness for such purposes would result in increased payment obligations and could also result in certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or secure such debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our liquidity, financial condition, or ability to conduct our business. We cannot be certain when or if our, TBHC’s, or the combined company’s operations will generate sufficient cash to fully fund ongoing operations or the growth of its business.
Combining our business with that of TBHC may be more difficult, costly or time-consuming than expected and the combined company may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger, which may adversely affect the combined company’s business results and negatively affect the value of the combined company’s common stock.
The success of the Merger will depend on, among other things, the ability of us and TBHC to combine our businesses in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities. We and TBHC have entered into the Merger Agreement because we believe that the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are fair to and in the best interests of our respective shareholders and that combining our businesses will produce benefits.
However, we and TBHC must successfully combine our businesses in a manner that permits these benefits to be realized. In addition, the combined company must achieve the anticipated growth without adversely affecting current revenues and investments in future growth. If the combined company is not able to successfullyachieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.
An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, as well as any delays encountered in the integration process, could have an adverse effect upon the revenues, level of expenses and operating results of the combined company, which may adversely affect the value of the common stock of the combined company.
In addition, the actual integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated benefits of the integration plan may not be realized. Actual growth and any potential cost savings, if achieved, may be lower than what we and TBHC expect and may take longer to achieve than anticipated. If we and TBHC are not able to adequately address integration challenges, they may be unable to successfully integrate their operations or realize the anticipated benefits of the integration of the two companies.
The failure to successfully integrate our businesses and operations with TBHC in the expected time frame may adversely affect the combined company’s future results.
We and TBHC have operated and, until the completion of the Merger, will continue to operate independently. There can be no assurances that our businesses can be integrated successfully. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees of either company, the loss of customers, the disruption of either company’s or both companies’ ongoing businesses, inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies, unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs and an overall post-completion integration process that takes longer than originally anticipated. Specifically, the following issues, among others, must be addressed in integrating our operations in order to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger so the combined company performs as expected:
• combining the companies’ operations and corporate functions;
• combining the businesses and meeting the capital requirements of the combined company, in a manner that permits the combined company to achieve any cost savings or other synergies anticipated to result from the Merger, the failure of which would result in the anticipated benefits of the Merger not being realized in the time frame currently anticipated or at all;
• integrating the companies’ technologies and technologies licensed from third parties;
• integrating and unifying the offerings and services available to customers;
• identifying and eliminating redundant and underperforming functions and assets;
• harmonizing the companies’ operating practices, employee development and compensation programs, internal controls and other policies, procedures and processes;
• maintaining existing agreements with customers, suppliers, distributors and vendors, avoiding delays in entering into new agreements with prospective customers, suppliers, distributors and vendors, and leveraging relationships with such third parties for the benefit of the combined company;
• addressing possible differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures and management philosophies;
• consolidating the companies’ administrative and information technology infrastructure;
• coordinating distribution and marketing efforts;
• managing the movement of certain positions to different locations;
• coordinating geographically dispersed organizations; and
• effecting actions that may be required in connection with obtaining regulatory or other governmental approvals and consents.
In addition, at times the attention of certain members of our and TBHC’s management and each company’s respective resources may be focused on completion of the Merger and the integration of the businesses of the two companies and diverted from day-to-day business operations or other opportunities that may have been beneficial to such company, which may disrupt each company’s ongoing business and the business of the combined company.
The combined company may not be able to retain customers, which could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s business and operations. Third parties may terminate or alter existing contracts or relationships with us or TBHC.
As a result of the Merger, the combined company may experience impacts on relationships with customers that may harm the combined company’s business and results of operations. Certain customers may no longer desire to do business with the combined company following the Merger. There can be no guarantee that customers will remain with or continue to have a relationship with the combined company following the Merger. If any customers stop doing business with the combined company, then the combined company’s business and results of operations may be harmed.
We and TBHC also have contracts with landlords, licensors and other business partners which may require us or TBHC, as applicable, to obtain consent from these other parties in connection with the Merger, or which may otherwise contain limitations applicable to such contracts following the Merger. If these consents cannot be obtained, the combined company may suffer a loss of potential future revenue, incur costs and lose rights that may be material to the combined company’s business. In addition, third parties with whom we or TBHC currently have relationships may terminate or otherwise reduce the scope of their relationship with either party in anticipation of the Merger. Any such disruptions could limit the combined company’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger. The adverse effect of any such disruptions could also be exacerbated by a delay in the completion of the Merger or by a termination of the Merger Agreement.
The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation, which could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s business and operations.
The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation from shareholders, customers, suppliers, distributors, consumers and other third parties due to the combination of our and TBHC’s businesses following the Merger. Such litigation may have an adverse impact on the combined company’s business and results of operations or may cause disruptions to the combined company’s operations.
Declaration, payment and amounts of dividends, if any, distributed to shareholders of the combined company will be uncertain.
We have not historically paid cash dividends on our common stock. TBHC has not declared or paid cash dividends on the TBHC Common Stock since its 2015 fiscal year. Whether any dividends are declared or paid to shareholders of the combined company, and the amounts of any such dividends that are declared or paid, are uncertain and depend on a number of factors. Our board of directors will have the discretion to determine the dividend policy of the combined company, including the amount and timing of dividends, if any, that the combined company may declare from time to time, which may be impacted by any of the following factors:
• the combined company may not have enough cash to pay such dividends or to repurchase shares due to its cash requirements, capital spending plans, cash flow or financial position;
• decisions on whether, when and in what amounts to make any future distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of our board of directors, which could change its dividend practices at any time and for any reason;
• the amount of dividends that the combined company may distribute to its stockholders is subject to restrictions under Delaware law; and
• certain limitations on the amount of dividends subsidiaries of the combined company can distribute to the combined company, as imposed by state law, regulators or agreements.
Shareholders should be aware that they have no contractual or other legal right to dividends that have not been declared.
Due to the Merger, we may be required to recognize impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets.
Upon and subject to closing the Merger, we anticipate that we will have a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in business combinations, such as the Merger. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, an impairmentloss is recognized. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, or when we deem that a triggering event has occurred. Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, the impact of acquired businesses (including an inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses), unexpected significant changes, planned changes in use of the assets, divestitures and market capitalization declines may impair goodwill and other intangible assets. If the Merger is consummated, we may recognize impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets. Any charges relating to such impairments could materially and adversely affect our results of operations in the periods recognized, which could result in an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
MD&A (Item 7)
7,417 words
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve risks and uncertainties, as set forth above under "Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" or in Item 1A under the heading "Risk Factors" or included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, our future results may be significantly different from our historical results.
Overview
We are an e-commerce-focused retailer with an affinity model that owns or has ownership interests in various brands, offering a comprehensive array of products and services that enable its customers to enhance everyday life through quality, style, and value. In addition, we also offer an increasing number of add-on services across our platforms, including warranties, shipping insurance, and installation services. Our customer engagement and retention are bolstered by our welcome rewards+ membership program, enhancing the overall value proposition for our customers. We currently own Bed Bath & Beyond, Overstock, and buybuy BABY, among other brands. As used herein, "Bed Bath & Beyond," "the Company," "we," "our" and similar terms include Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc. and its controlled subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Through our Bed Bath & Beyond brand, we provide an extensive array of home-related products tailored specifically for our target customers - consumers who seek comprehensive support throughout their shopping journey, aspiring to discover quality, stylish products at competitive prices that align with their budget requirements. We regularly refresh our product assortment to reflect the evolving preferences of our customers and aim to stay aligned with current trends. The mission of this brand is to achieve category-leading ownership of four distinct rooms of the home: the bedroom, the bathroom, the kitchen, and the patio, and our goal is for our assortment to include not only core legacy categories like bedding and kitchenware, but also adjacent categories like bedroom and outdoor furniture and rugs. Furniture across all rooms continues to play a critical role in our strategy. Leveraging an asset-light supply chain, direct shipping is offered to customers from both our suppliers and third-party logistics providers.
Bed Bath & Beyond's strategic priorities include curating stylish, high-quality assortments to make product selection intuitive and affordable, in addition to enhancing offerings with trusted aspirational brands. We transform the customer experience by building trust, creating life-stage experiences, and consistently delivering inspiration, quality, and value.
Through our Overstock brand, we aim to provide a wide array of quality goods at discounted prices, and a treasure hunt-like experience for our target customers - consumers who are highly engaged, very accustomed to purchasing online, and actively seeking great deals. The mission of this brand is to delight our customers by offering them deals on products they will love. Our product assortment includes home categories such as indoor and outdoor furniture, rugs, décor, and lighting, as well as lifestyle categories such as jewelry and watches, apparel and accessories, and designer shoes and handbags.
The buybuy BABY brand acquisition allows us to reunite two traditionally related brands, Bed Bath & Beyond and buybuy BABY, and support our customers through key life stage shopping moments.
In August 2025, we changed our corporate name from Beyond, Inc. to Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc. and changed our ticker symbol from "BYON" to "BBBY".
Merger Agreement
On November 24, 2025, we entered in an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), by and among the Company, Knight Merger Sub II, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and TBHC, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into TBHC (the "Merger"), with TBHC surviving such Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
Under the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of common stock, no par value, of TBHC (the “TBHC Common Stock”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than treasury shares and any shares of TBHC Common Stock held directly by the Company or Merger Sub) will be converted
into the right to receive 0.1993 shares (the “Exchange Ratio”) of a fully paid and non-assessable share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Company Common Stock”) and, if applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to any applicable withholding.
At the Effective Time, (i) each award of TBHC restricted share units (“TBHC RSU”) that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically fully vest and be converted into the right to receive, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, (A) a number of shares of Company Common Stock equal to the number of shares of TBHC subject to the TBHC RSU multiplied by the Exchange Ratio and (B) if applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares, and (ii) each option to purchase TBHC Common Stock (“TBHC Option”) that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will be automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, (A) a number of shares of Company Common Stock equal to the Net Option Share Amount (as defined in the Merger Agreement) applicable to the TBHC Option multiplied by the Exchange Ratio and (B) if applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares.
For additional information on the proposed merger, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 25—Subsequent Events.
Executive Commentary
This executive commentary is intended to provide investors with a view of our business through the eyes of our management. As an executive commentary, it necessarily focuses on selected aspects of our business. This executive commentary is intended as a supplement to, but not a substitute for, the more detailed discussion of our business included elsewhere herein. Investors are cautioned to read our entire "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our interim and audited financial statements, and the discussion of our business and risk factors and other information included elsewhere or incorporated in this report. This executive commentary includes forward-looking statements, and investors are cautioned to read "Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Our cash and cash equivalents balance increased from $159.2 million as of December 31, 2024 to $175.3 million as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $16.1 million, primarily as the result of $137.3 million in net proceeds from the sales of our common stock pursuant to our "at-the-market" public offering, net of offering costs and $6.3 million in proceeds received from the sale of intangible assets; offset by net cash outflows from operating activities of $56.7 million, cash outflows from investing activities including the disbursement of notes receivable to TBHC of $15.2 million, The Container Store of $6.5 million, and GrainChain of $3.0 million, purchases of intangible assets of $15.4 million, purchases of equity securities in TBHC of $8.0 million, and expenditures for property and equipment of $7.4 million. The increase was further offset by cash outflows from financing activities including payments on short-term debt of $9.5 million and repurchases of our common stock under the stock repurchase program of $6.2 million.
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $1,044.6 million, compared to $1,395.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $350.3 million or 25%. The decrease was primarily due to a 30% decrease in the number of orders delivered, which contributed $439.6 million of the revenue decline, partially offset by an 8% or $14.22 increase in average order value, which resulted in a revenue increase of approximately $89.3 million. The decrease in orders delivered was driven by a decline in website visits influenced in part by a reduction in overall sales and marketing spend as we focus on improving more efficient traffic channels and refine our assortment as well as a shift in consumer spending preferences and macroeconomic factors impacting consumer sentiment and the home furnishings industry. The increase in average order value was largely driven by orders mixing into categories with higher average unit retail price.
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $257.5 million, or 24.7% of revenue, compared to $290.2 million, or 20.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2024. This represents a decrease of $32.6 million or 11%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower revenue, which reduced gross profit by approximately $79.6 million, partially offset by an improved gross margin that contributed an increase of approximately $47.0 million. Gross margin increased by 390 basis points year-over-year, primarily due to approximately 150 basis points of lower carrier costs, 110 basis points of lower loyalty participation prior to new program launch, 100 basis points of lower return costs, and 10 basis points of favorable merchandise actions.
Sales and marketing expenses were $143.4 million, or 13.7% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $238.6 million, or 17.1% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2024. This represents a decrease of $95.2 million, or 40%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased performance marketing expenses of $78.4 million and a $12.7 million reduction in brand advertising.
Technology expenses decreased by $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in staff-related expenses of $19.0 million and a $3.2 million reduction in third-party expenses primarily driven by our technology transformation efforts, including the adoption of evolving technological advancements such as artificial intelligence.
General and administrative expenses decreased by $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily due to a $15.7 million reduction in staff-related expenses and a $2.8 million reduction in third-party expenses driven by our organizational restructuring and cost savings initiatives.
Customer service and merchant fees decreased by $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily driven by a $6.5 million decrease in customer service expenses and a $9.8 million decrease in credit card costs, primarily due to decreased order volume.
Other operating income, net decreased by $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $10.3 million gain from the 2024 sale of Wamsutta trademark, a $3.4
million loss from the 2024 sale of our corporate headquarters, and a $5.0 million gain from the sales of Canada and the United Kingdom Bed Bath & Beyond trademarks in 2025.
Key Operating Metrics
We review a number of metrics, including the following key operating and financial metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial forecasts and make strategic decisions. We believe these operational measures are useful in evaluating our performance, in addition to our financial results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. You should read the key operating and financial metrics in conjunction with the following discussion of our results of operations and together with out consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Year ended December 31,
Active customers (1)
LTM net revenue per active customer (2)
Orders delivered (3)
Average order value (4)
Orders per active customer (5)
(1) Active customers represent the total number of unique customers who have made at least one purchase during the prior twelve-month period. This metric captures both the inflow of new customers and the outflow of existing customers who have not made a purchase during the prior twelve-month period. We view active customers as a key indicator of our growth.
(2) Last twelve months (LTM) net revenue per active customer represents total net revenue in a twelve-month period divided by the total number of active customers for the same twelve-month period. We view LTM net revenue per active customer as a key indicator of our customers' purchasing patterns, including their initial and repeat purchase behavior.
(3) Orders delivered represents the total number of orders delivered in any given period, including orders that may eventually be returned. As we ship a large volume of packages through multiple carriers, actual delivery dates may not always be available, and in those circumstances, we estimate delivery dates based on historical data. We view orders delivered as a key indicator of our growth.
(4) Average order value is defined as total net revenue in any given period divided by the total number of orders delivered in that period. We view average order value as a key indicator of the mix of products on our sites, the mix of offers and promotions and the purchasing behavior of our customers.
(5) Orders per active customer is defined as orders delivered in a twelve-month period divided by active customers for the same twelve-month period. We view orders per active customer as a key indicator of our customers' purchasing patterns, including their initial and repeat purchase behavior.
Additional commentary related to macroeconomic trends
We continue to monitor recent macroeconomic trends and geopolitical events, including, without limitation, ongoing global conflicts, trade barriers including tariffs, financial and stock market volatility, higher interest rates, inflation, and their impacts. These events have and may continue to negatively impact consumer confidence and consumer spending, which have and may continue to adversely affect our business and our results of operations. Many of our suppliers source from other countries and may be negatively affected by increased tariffs or other import/export controls by the United States and foreign governments, as well as uncertainty in the market as it responds to global macroeconomic factors. Due to the uncertain and constantly evolving nature and volatility of these trends and events, we cannot currently predict their long-term impact on our operations and financial results. As of December 31, 2025, the challenges arising from these events have not adversely affected our liquidity or capacity to service our debt, nor have these conditions required us to reduce our capital expenditures.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents currently on hand and expected cash flows from future operations will be sufficient to continue operations for at least the next twelve months. We continue to monitor, evaluate, and manage our operating plans, forecasts, and liquidity considering the most recent developments driven by macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, higher interest rates, tariffs, bans, or other measures or events that increase the effective price of products, and other geopolitical events. We proactively seek opportunities to improve the efficiency of our operations and have in the past and may in the future take steps to realize internal cost savings, including aligning our staffing needs, creating a more variable cost structure to better support our current and expected future levels of operations and process streamlining.
We periodically evaluate opportunities to repurchase our equity securities, obtain credit facilities, or issue additional debt or equity securities, which may impact our future operations and liquidity. In addition, we may, from time to time, consider the investment in, or acquisition of, complementary businesses, products, services, or technologies to expand our business, any of which might affect our liquidity requirements or cause us to issue additional debt or equity securities that would be dilutive to stockholders.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our growth, our ability to execute on our business strategy, our ability to realize the benefits of any investment in new business strategies, acquisitions, or other transactions, and consumer sentiment towards our offerings. In the event that additional liquidity is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise the capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Current sources of liquidity
Our principal sources of liquidity are existing cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable, net. At December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $175.3 million and accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $20.8 million.
Cash flow information is as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
On June 10, 2024, we entered into a Capital on Demand TM Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC ("JonesTrading"), under which we from time to time conduct "at the market" public offerings of our common stock. Under the Sales Agreement, JonesTrading, acting as our agent, may offer our common stock in the market on a daily basis or otherwise as we request from time to time. As of December 31, 2025, we had $16.0 million remaining available under our "at the market" sales program. We have no obligation to sell additional shares under the Sales Agreement, but we may do so from time to time. Under the agreement, we will pay JonesTrading up to a 2% sales commission on all sales. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we sold 16,293,806 shares of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement and have recognized $137.3 million in proceeds, net of $2.8 million of offering costs, including commissions paid to JonesTrading. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 7,002,375 shares of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement and recognized $43.0 million in proceeds, net of $879,000 of offering costs, including commissions paid to JonesTrading.
On March 17, 2025, we entered into an Intellectual Property Asset Purchase Agreement with Lyons Trading Company, the operator of Proozy.com, to sell its rights in the Zulily brand for a total sales price of $5.0 million while retaining a 25% ownership stake in the brand in the form of a newly created entity ("Zulily Newco"). In connection with this transaction, we received $1.25 million upfront and will receive the remaining $3.75 million in quarterly installments commencing on April 30, 2026, over the course of five years.
On September 22, 2025, we declared a distribution (the “Warrant Distribution”) to the holders of record of our common stock, in the form of warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Warrants”). The Warrants were issued on the terms and conditions described in the Warrant Agreement (as defined below) and were distributed on October 7, 2025, to the holders of record of our common stock as of the close of business on October 2, 2025 (the “Record Date”). Pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2025, between us, Computershare, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its affiliate, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agreement”), each holder of record of our common stock as of the Record Date will receive one Warrant for every ten shares of our common stock (rounded down to the nearest whole number for any fractional Warrant). Each Warrant will entitle the holder to purchase, at the holder’s sole and exclusive election commencing on the date the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-290763), filed with the SEC on October 8, 2025, became effective, at a cash exercise price of $15.50 per Warrant (the “Exercise Price”), one share of our common stock. Payment for shares of our common stock upon exercise of Warrants must be in cash.
On May 7, 2025, we entered into an Amended and Restated Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Amended and Restated Credit Agreement"), which amended and restated the secured Term Loan Credit Agreement ("Existing Credit Agreement") entered on October 21, 2024 and pursuant to which we provided The Brand House Collective, Inc. (formerly known as Kirkland's Inc.) ("TBHC") with an additional term loan in an approximate aggregate original principal amount of $5.2 million (the "Additional Term Loan") and obligations arising under the Existing Credit Agreement in the aggregate amount of $8.5 million were rolled into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as obligations thereunder (collectively, the "Notes"). On September 15, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (such amendment, the "Credit Agreement Amendment" and the Existing Credit Agreement as amended by the Credit Agreement Amendment, the "Amended Credit Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Credit Agreement, new delayed-draw term loan commitments in an aggregate original principal amount of $20.0 million (the "Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments") were established. On November 24, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Credit Agreement (the "Second Amendment") pursuant to which the Company agreed to increase the Draw Term Loan Commitments by $10.0 million, to an aggregate principal amount of $30.0 million. Concurrently with the Second Amendment, and as of December 31, 2025, $10.0 million has been drawn under the Draw Term Loan Commitments (the " Draw Note"). The Amended Credit Agreement provides us the right to convert the outstanding loans (including loans extended in of the Draw Term Loan Commitments) owing under the Amended and Credit Agreement into shares of TBHC’s common stock at a price equal to the price on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") on the day prior to the date on which a conversion election is made, up to a number of shares equal to 19.90% of the outstanding shares of TBHC’s common stock on the date the Amended Credit Agreement was entered into, and up to a number of shares subject to Nasdaq shareholder approval rules. We are currently restricted from holding than 75% of outstanding TBHC’s issued shares for so long as any obligations remain outstanding under TBHC’s credit agreement with its senior lender, Bank of America, N.A. On November 24, 2025, we entered in a Merger Agreement with TBHC pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, TBHC will survive the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
On June 30, 2025, we entered into a Trademark and Domain Name Agreement with a large, well-established Canadian retailer to sell certain intellectual property related to the Bed Bath & Beyond trademarks in Canada and the United Kingdom, which was acquired as part of our purchase of the Bed Bath & Beyond brand in June 2023, for a total sales price of $5.0 million, and revenue share payments to be paid to us in perpetuity.
On November 25, 2025, we purchased, via a participation agreement for par/near par trades, a portion of the loans issued by The Container Store, Inc. pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2025, as amended on September 15, 2025 (as amended, the "TCS Credit Agreement"). The aggregate purchase price for our participation in certain loans issued pursuant to the TCS Credit Agreement was $6.5 million. As a result of these transactions, we will participate in the rights to the payment of interest and repayment of the loans and any exercise of rights or remedies related thereto.
Future liquidity commitments
On January 9, 2026, we purchased, via an amended participation agreement for par/near par trades, an additional portion of the loans issued by The Container Store, Inc. pursuant to the TCS Credit Agreement. The aggregate purchase price for our additional participation in certain loans issued pursuant to the TCS Credit Agreement was $2.2 million. As a result of these transactions, we will participate in the rights to the payment of interest and repayment of the loans and any exercise of rights or remedies related thereto.
In the first quarter of 2026, TBHC drew an additional $15.0 million under the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments. There is approximately $5.0 million remaining under the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments.
Following the completion of the merger, we expect to fund the ongoing operations, capital requirements, and working capital needs of TBHC through existing cash balances, cash flows from operations, and available credit facilities.
Operating activities
Cash received from customers generally corresponds to our net revenue as our customers primarily use credit cards to buy from us, causing our receivables from these sales transactions to settle quickly. Our payment terms with our partners generally extend beyond the amount of time necessary to collect proceeds from our customers.
The $56.7 million of net cash used by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to loss from operating activities of $84.6 million, net of the impact from non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, non-cash operating lease costs, stock-based compensation, gain on sale of intangible assets, and loss from equity method securities of $50.9 million and cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $23.0 million.
The $174.3 million of net cash used by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to loss from operating activities of $258.8 million, net of the impact from non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, non-cash operating lease costs, stock-based compensation, gain on sale of intangible assets, and loss from equity method securities of $115.3 million, offset by cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $30.8 million.
Investing activities
The $49.2 million of net cash used by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to disbursement for notes receivable to TBHC of $15.2 million, The Container Store of $6.5 million, and GrainChain of $3.0 million, purchases of intangible assets of $15.4 million, purchases of equity securities in TBHC of $8.0 million, and expenditures for property and equipment of $7.4 million, offset by proceeds received from the sale of intangible assets of $6.3 million.
The $24.9 million of net cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to proceeds from the sale of our corporate headquarters of $51.4 million and proceeds received from the sale of the
Wamsutta trademark of $10.3 million, offset by disbursement for Kirkland's notes receivable of $17.0 million, expenditures for property and equipment of $14.3 million, and purchases of intangible assets of $6.0 million.
Financing activities
The $122.1 million of net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to net proceeds from the sales of our common stock pursuant to our "at the market" public offering, net of offering costs of $137.3 million, offset by payments on short-term debt of $9.5 million and repurchases of our common stock under the stock repurchase program of $6.2 million.
The $32.7 million of net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to net proceeds from the sales of our common stock pursuant to our "at the market" public offering, net of offering costs of $43.0 million and proceeds from our revolving line of credit of $25.0 million, offset by payments on our long-term debt in conjunction with the sale of our corporate headquarters of $34.8 million and payment of taxes withheld upon vesting of employee stock awards of $3.3 million.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025 and the effect such obligations and commitments are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):
Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations
Total
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than 5 years
Operating leases (1)
(1) Represents the future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases. For information regarding our operating lease obligations, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 12—Leases contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Tax contingencies
We are involved in various tax matters, the outcomes of which are uncertain. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, tax contingencies were $3.5 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which are included in our reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits (see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 22—Income Taxes contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). Changes in federal, foreign, state, and local tax laws may increase our tax contingencies. The timing of the resolution of income tax contingencies is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will receive additional assessments by various tax authorities. These assessments may or may not result in changes to our contingencies related to positions on prior years' tax filings.
Borrowings
In October 2024, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the "Loan Agreement") with BMO Bank N.A. (in such capacity, "BMO"), pursuant to which BMO agreed to lend us up to $25.0 million on a one-year revolving line of credit to aid us in securing strategic ventures. In connection with the Loan Agreement, BMO issued a revolving line of credit promissory note (the "Revolving Note") and granted a lien on the cash collateral account specified in the Loan Agreement (the "Cash Collateral Account"). The revolving line of credit bears interest on the unpaid principal balance at an annual rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR rate, for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, established by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We are obligated to pay certain commitment fees on undrawn amounts under the Loan Agreement in amounts specified in the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement and Revolving Note was originally scheduled to terminate on October 18, 2025 and loans thereunder may be borrowed, repaid, and reborrowed up to such date. In September 2025, we and BMO extended the term of the Loan Agreement and Revolving Note for an additional year, and it will now terminate in October 2026.
Results of Operations
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 25, 2025, includes a discussion and analysis of our year-over-year changes, financial condition, and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in Item 7 of Part II, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Net revenue, costs of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin
The following table summarizes our net revenue, costs of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Net revenue
Cost of goods sold
Product costs and other cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Year-over-year percentage change
Net revenue
Gross profit
Percent of net revenue
Cost of goods sold
Product costs and other cost of goods sold
Gross margin
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $1,044.6 million, compared to $1,395.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $350.3 million or 25%. The decrease was primarily due to a 30% decrease in the number of orders delivered, which contributed $439.6 million of the revenue decline, partially offset by an 8% or $14.22 increase in average order value, which resulted in a revenue increase of approximately $89.3 million. The decrease in orders delivered was driven by a decline in website visits influenced in part by a reduction in overall sales and marketing spend as we focus on improving more efficient traffic channels and refine our assortment as well as a shift in consumer spending preferences and macroeconomic factors impacting consumer sentiment and the home furnishings industry. The increase in average order value was largely driven by orders mixing into categories with higher average unit retail price.
Estimate of unearned product revenue on undelivered product
Our revenue related to merchandise sales is recognized upon delivery to our customers. As we ship high volumes of packages through multiple carriers, it is not practical for us to track the actual delivery date of each shipment. Therefore, we use estimates to determine which shipments are delivered and, therefore, recognized as revenue at the end of the period. Our delivery date estimates are based on average shipping transit times. We review and update our estimates on a quarterly basis based on our actual transit time experience. However, actual shipping times may differ from our estimates, which can be further impacted by uncertainty, volatility, and any disruption to our carriers caused by certain macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, climate and weather events, or geopolitical events.
The following table shows the effect that hypothetical changes in the estimate of average shipping transit times would have had on the reported amount of revenue and income before taxes (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Change in the Estimate of Average Transit Times (Days)
Increase (Decrease)
Revenue
Increase (Decrease) Income Before Income Taxes
As reported
As reported
As reported
Gross profit and gross margin
Our overall gross margins fluctuate based on factors such as competitive pricing; discounting; product mix of sales; advertising revenue and our marketing allowance program; and operational and fulfillment costs which include costs incurred to operate and staff our warehouses, including rent and depreciation expense associated with these facilities, costs to receive, inspect, pick, and prepare customer order for delivery, and direct and indirect labor costs including payroll, payroll-related benefits, and stock-based compensation, all of which we include as costs in calculating gross margin.
Gross margins for the past eight quarterly periods and years ending December 31, 2025 and 2024 were:
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $257.5 million, or 24.7% of revenue, compared to $290.2 million, or 20.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2024. This represents a decrease of $32.6 million or 11%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower revenue, which reduced gross profit by approximately $79.6 million, partially offset by an improved gross margin that contributed an increase of approximately $47.0 million. Gross margin increased by 390 basis points year-over-year, primarily due to approximately 150 basis points of lower carrier costs, 110 basis points of lower loyalty participation prior to new program launch, 100 basis points of lower return costs, and 10 basis points of favorable merchandise actions.
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing expenses
We use a variety of online advertising channels to attract new and repeat customers, including search engine marketing, personalized emails, mobile app, loyalty program, affiliate marketing, display banners, and social media. We also build our brand awareness through linear and streaming TV advertising.
Costs associated with our discounted shipping and other promotions, such as coupons, are not included in sales and marketing expense. Rather, they are accounted for as a reduction in revenue as they reduce the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for goods or services and therefore affect net revenues and gross margin. We consider these promotions to be an effective marketing tool.
The following table summarizes our sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Sales and marketing expenses
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses
Year-over-year percentage change
Sales and marketing expenses
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses
Percentage of net revenue
Sales and marketing expenses
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses were $143.4 million, or 13.7% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $238.6 million, or 17.1% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2024. This represents a decrease of $95.2 million, or 40%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased performance marketing expenses of $78.4 million and a $12.7 million reduction in brand advertising.
Technology expenses
We seek to deploy our capital resources efficiently in technology to support operations including private and public cloud, web services, customer support solutions, and product search, and in technology to enhance the customer experience, including machine learning algorithms, improving our process efficiency, modernizing and expanding our systems, and supporting and expanding our logistics infrastructure, and supporting evolving technological advancements such as artificial intelligence. We expect to continue to incur technology expenses to support these efforts and these expenditures may continue to be material.
The frequency and variety of cyberattacks on our Website, enterprise systems, services, and on third parties we use to support our technology continues to increase. The impact of such attacks, their costs, and the costs we incur to protect ourselves against future attacks, have not been material to date. However, we consider the risk introduced by cyberattacks to be serious and will continue to incur costs related to efforts to protect ourselves against them.
The following table summarizes our technology expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Technology expenses
Year-over-year percentage change
Technology expenses
Technology expenses as a percent of net revenue
Technology expenses decreased by $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in staff-related expenses of $19.0 million and a $3.2 million reduction in third-party expenses primarily driven by our technology transformation efforts, including the adoption of evolving technological advancements such as artificial intelligence.
General and administrative expenses
The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
General and administrative expenses
Year-over-year percentage change
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses as a percent of net revenue
General and administrative expenses decreased by $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior period. The decrease was primarily due to a $15.7 million reduction in staff-related expenses and a $2.8 million reduction in third-party expenses driven by our organizational restructuring and cost savings initiatives.
Customer service and merchant fees
Customer service and merchant fees include customer service costs and merchant processing fees associated with customer payments made by credit cards and other payment methods and other variable fees. Customer service and merchant fees as a percent of revenue may vary due to several factors, such as our ability to effectively manage customer service and merchant fees.
The following table summarizes our customer service and merchant fees for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Customer service and merchant fees
Year-over-year percentage change
Customer service and merchant fees
Customer service and merchant fees as a percent of net revenue
Customer service and merchant fees decreased by $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $6.5 million decrease in customer service expenses and a $9.8 million decrease in credit card costs, primarily due to decreased order volume.
Other operating expense (income), net
The following table summarizes our other operating expense (income), net (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Other operating expense (income), net
Year-over-year percentage change
Other operating expense (income), net
Other operating expense (income), net as a percent of net revenue
Other operating income, net decreased by $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $10.3 million gain from the 2024 sale of Wamsutta trademark, a $3.4 million loss from the 2024 sale of our corporate headquarters, and a $5.0 million gain from the sales of Canada and the United Kingdom Bed Bath & Beyond trademarks in 2025.
Non-operating income (expense)
Other expense, net
The $53.2 million favorable change in other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a $49.1 million decrease in loss recognized from our equity method securities and a $3.9 million favorable change in fair value on our debt securities carried at fair value.
Income taxes
Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was (0.98)% and (0.27)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items such as research tax credits and non-recurring items such as changes in valuation allowances. In addition, relative changes in expenses or losses for which tax benefits are limited or not recognized, fluctuations in our stock price, changes in laws, regulations, and administrative practices can impact our rate. Our effective tax rate is also affected to a lesser extent by tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amount of income we earn in those jurisdictions, which we expect to be fairly consistent in the near term. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impacts of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities.
As we repatriate foreign earnings for use in the United States, the distributions will generally be exempt from federal and foreign income taxes but may be subject to certain state taxes. As of December 31, 2025, the cumulative amount of foreign earnings considered permanently reinvested upon which taxes have not been provided, and the corresponding unrecognized deferred tax liability, was not material.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC has defined a company's critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies and judgments addressed below. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. For additional information, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 2—Accounting Policies and Supplemental Disclosures. We believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. We note that we have not identified any critical accounting estimates in the current year. Our critical accounting policies are as follows:
• primary beneficiary determination in investments in unconsolidated entities
Primary beneficiary determination in investments in unconsolidated entities
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company reports investments in unconsolidated entities who we can exercise significant influence, but not control under the equity method of accounting.
We evaluated our equity method investment in The Brand House Collective and determined it met the definition of a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE"); however, it is not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary of the VIE as we lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact The Brand House Collective's economic performance. Due to the judgment required for determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE or not, which includes our assessment of our ability and power to direct the activities that most significantly impact The Brand House Collective's economic performance, any changes to our assessment could materially affect the presentation and accounting for our equity method investment in The Brand House Collective on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
