Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as general economic and business risks, and all of the other information contained in this Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could harm our business, operating results and financial condition and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, which would cause you to lose all or part of your investment. When determining whether to invest, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Form 10-K including our financial statements and the related notes thereto.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and cannot assure you that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability.
Since our inception, we have incurred significant net losses. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $368.4 million and $236.4 million, respectively. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our equity securities and debt financing.
We expect our operating expenses to increase significantly as we pursue our growth strategy, including expending substantial resources for research, development and marketing. The extent of our future operating losses and the timing of profitability are highly uncertain, and we expect to continue incurring significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years. Any additional operating losses may have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and the price of our common stock, and we cannot assure you that we will ever be able to achieve profitability.
Even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase such profitability. Additionally, our costs may increase in future periods and we may expend substantial financial and other resources on, among other things, sales and marketing, the hiring of additional officers, employees, contractors and other service providers, and general administration, which may include a significant increase in legal and accounting expenses related to public company compliance, continued compliance and various regulations applicable to our business or arising from the growth and maturity of our company. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our development efforts, obtain regulatory approvals, diversify our product and service offerings or continue our operations, and may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
We may not successfully manage our growth.
We have grown substantially over prior years, including by expanding our internal resources, making acquisitions and entering new markets and we intend to continue to focus on growth, including organic growth and additional acquisitions. We may experience difficulties and higher than expected expenses in executing this strategy as a result of unfamiliarity with new markets, changes in revenue and business models, entry into new geographic areas or increased pressure on our existing infrastructure and information technology systems.
Our ability to successfully implement our business plan requires an effective plan for managing our future growth. We plan to increase the scope of our operations. Current and future expansion efforts will be expensive and may significantly strain our managerial and other resources and ability to manage working capital. To manage future growth effectively, we must manage expanded operations, integrate new personnel and maintain and enhance our financial and accounting systems and controls. If we do not manage growth properly, it could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations and make it difficult for us to satisfy our debt obligations.
Our growth will place a significant strain on our management, operational, financial and information technology resources. We will need to continually improve existing procedures and controls, as well as implement new transaction processing, operational and financial systems and procedures and controls to expand, train and manage our employee base. Our working capital needs will continue to increase as our operations grow. Failure to manage our growth effectively or obtain necessary working capital could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
We may be unsuccessful in achieving our organic growth strategies, which could limit our revenue growth or financial performance. Our ability to generate organic growth will be affected by our ability to, among other things:
attract new customers;
increase the number of products purchased from customers;
maintain profitable gross margins in the sale and maintenance of our products;
increase the number of projects performed for existing customers;
achieve the estimated revenue we announced from new customer contracts;
hire and retain qualified employees;
expand the range of our products and services we offer to customers to address their evolving network needs;
expand geographically, including internationally; and
address the challenges presented by difficult and unpredictable global and regional economic or market conditions that may affect us or our customers.
Many of the factors affecting our ability to generate organic growth may be beyond our control, and we cannot be certain that our strategies for achieving internal growth will be attempted, realized or successful.
If we fail to retain our existing customers or do not acquire new customers in a cost-effective manner, our revenue may decrease and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be harmed.
We believe that our success is dependent on our ability to continue identifying and anticipating the needs of our customers, to retain our existing customers and to add new customers. For example, our business plan is designed to penetrate large, critical infrastructure end markets with our wireless and UAS driven data solutions and have expanded our dedicated sales resources and field personnel to broaden our marketing and field support efforts into new industries and sectors. As a result, we have significantly increased customer engagement in the transportation, security and UAS end markets with Ondas Networks and in the defense, industrial, public safety and government markets with OAS. We expect that our qualified customer pipeline will increase in other additional strategic end markets. However, as we become larger through organic growth, the growth rates for customer engagement, project volume and average spend per customer may slow, even if we continue to add customers on an absolute basis. In addition, the costs associated with customer retention may be substantially lower than costs associated with the acquisition of new customers. Therefore, our failure to retain existing customers, even if such losses are offset by an increase in revenue resulting from the acquisition of new customers, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Additionally, while a key part of our business strategy is to add customers in our existing geographic markets, we expect to expand our operations into new geographic markets. In doing so, we may incur losses or otherwise fail to enter new markets successfully. Our expansion into new markets may place us in unfamiliar and competitive environments and involve various risks, including the need to invest significant resources and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved for several years or at all.
We have significant dependence on a small number of customers, and the loss of such customers or a decrease in business conducted with such customers could materially harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Because we have only recently invested in our customer service and support organization, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial amount of our revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2025, two customers accounted for approximately 55% and 11%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for approximately $3.8 million, $1.9 million, and $0.7 million of our revenue or approximately 52%, 26%, and 10%, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, one customer accounted for 73% of accounts receivable. The loss of any of our customers or a decrease in the business conducted with such customers could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We depend on governmental customers and funding, and our business could be adversely affected by changes in government spending, budget priorities, or procurement policies.
A significant portion of our business, particularly through our OAS segment, involves sales to government customers, including defense, homeland security, and public safety agencies. Our revenue from government customers depends on the availability of funding and continued government interest in our products and services. Government contracts are subject to the government’s budgetary approval process, and there is no assurance that budgets for our programs will continue at current levels or that our programs will not be terminated or experience funding delays. Changes in government budgetary priorities, including continuing resolutions, government shutdowns, or sequestration, could result in reduced or delayed funding for programs in which we participate, which could adversely affect our revenue and operating results.
Government contracts are also subject to various uncertainties, including the risk of contract termination for convenience, modification, or non-renewal. The government may terminate, reduce, or modify contracts or subcontracts if its requirements or budgetary constraints change. In addition, the government contracts are subject to a competitive bidding process that can consume significant resources without generating any revenue. Much of the government business that we expect to seek in the foreseeable future will likely be awarded through competitive bidding. Competitive bidding presents a number of risks, including the substantial cost and managerial time that must be spent to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may not be awarded to us, the need to accurately estimate the resources and cost structure required to service any contract we are awarded, and the expense and delay that may arise if competitors protest or challenge contract awards made to us. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The adoption of the IEEE 802.16t wireless broadband standard, an evolution of the IEEE 802.16s standard published in 2017, by customers in our target critical infrastructure sectors is uncertain.
Ondas Networks is currently developing technology compatible with the proposed wireless broadband standard known as IEEE 802.16t, which is an evolution of the IEEE 802.16s wireless broadband standard published in October 2017. We believe we are currently the only manufacturer of IEEE 802.16s compliant wireless solutions and are likely to be the only manufacturer of IEEE 802.16t compliant wireless solutions when that standard is formally ratified. The benefits of the standard to buyers of our equipment are greater when there exists a large, deep market in terms of the number of customers. A large market benefits from the scale provided such that many vendors can compete on service, price and quality of solution driving improved value for customers. If a large end market does not develop and customers do not see the related benefits from the standard, we may not be able to grow our business.
Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic collaborations with key customers, as well as on our ability to establish and expand a broad ecosystem of relationships with leading global industrial vendors.
To support our growth, we collaborate with leading technology and industrial companies, many of whom are also our customers, to help accelerate the adoption of our wireless technology. If we are unable to sustain these customer relationships or if these collaborations do not deliver the expected benefits, our ability to compete in the marketplace and grow our revenue could be adversely affected, and our operating results may suffer. In addition, adoption of our FullMAX wireless platform, Optimus System™, and Iron Drone Raider™ requires us to establish additional ecosystem relationships with leading global industrial vendors and customers. Even if we are successful in executing these partnerships and integrating with additional ecosystem vendors, we cannot assure you that these partnerships and relationships will result in increased adoption of our technology or increased revenue.
If the commercial UAS markets do not experience significant growth, if we cannot expand our customer base or if our products and services do not achieve broad acceptance, then we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth.
We cannot accurately predict the future growth rates or sizes of the markets for our products and services. Demand for our products and services may not increase, or may decrease, either generally or in specific markets, for particular types of products and services or during particular time periods. We believe the market for commercial UAS is nascent and the expansion of the market for our products and services in particular, depends on a number of factors, including the following:
customer satisfaction with these types of systems as solutions;
the cost, performance and reliability of our products and products offered by our competitors;
customer perceptions regarding the effectiveness and value of these types of systems;
obtaining timely regulatory approvals for new customer deployments; and
marketing efforts and publicity regarding these types of systems and services.
Even if commercial UAS gain wide market acceptance, our products and services may not adequately address market requirements and may not continue to gain market acceptance. If these types of systems generally, or our products and services specifically, do not gain wide market acceptance, then we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth and our revenue and results of operations would decline.
Project performance delays or difficulties, including those caused by third parties, or certain contractual obligations may result in additional costs to us, reductions in revenues or the payment of liquidated damages.
Many projects involve challenging engineering, construction or installation phases that may occur over extended time periods. We may encounter difficulties as a result of delays or changes in designs, engineering information or materials provided by our customer or a third party, delays or difficulties in equipment and material delivery, schedule changes, delays from our customer’s failure to timely obtain permits or meet other regulatory requirements including the securing of necessary FCC certifications or FAA approvals, weather-related delays and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that impact our ability to complete the project in accordance with the original delivery schedule. In addition, we contract with third-party subcontractors to assist us with the completion of contracts. Any delay or failure by suppliers or by subcontractors in the completion of their portion of the project may be beyond our control and may result in delays in the overall of the project or may cause us to incur additional costs, or both. and additional costs may be substantial, and, in some cases, we may be required to compensate the customer for such . may also the final completion of our contracts as well as the corresponding recognition of revenues and expenses therefrom. In certain circumstances, we guarantee project completion by a scheduled acceptance date or of certain acceptance and performance testing levels; to meet any of our guarantees, schedules or performance requirements could also result in additional costs or to us, including obligations to pay , and such amounts could exceed expected project profit. In extreme cases, the above-mentioned factors could cause project , and we may be to replace such projects with similar projects or at all. Such or may impact our reputation, brand or relationships with customers, affecting our ability to secure new contracts.
We do not control certain aspects of the manufacturing process.
Our reliance on a small number of manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process, exposing us to risks, including reduced control over quality assurance, product costs and product supply including delays in transportation and delivery. Any manufacturing disruption by our usual manufacturers could impair our ability to fulfill orders. We may be unable to manage our relationships with our usual manufacturers effectively as they may experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations or otherwise fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery. Similarly, to the extent that our usual manufacturers procure materials on our behalf, we may not benefit from any warranties received by our usual manufacturers from the suppliers or otherwise have recourse against the original supplier of the materials or even the manufacturer. In such circumstances, if the original supplier were to provide us or our usual manufacturers with materials, we might not be to recover the costs of such materials or be compensated for any that arise as a result of the inclusion of the components in our products.
One or more of our usual manufacturers may suffer an interruption in its business, or experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in its manufacturing operations, or seek to terminate its relationship with us, or we may choose to change or add additional manufacturers for other reasons. Additionally, we do not have long-term supply agreements with our usual manufacturers. As a result, we may be unable to renew or extend our agreement on terms favorable to us, if at all. Although the manufacturing services required to manufacture and assemble our products may be readily available from a number of established manufacturers, it may be risky, time consuming and costly to qualify and implement new manufacturer relationships.
Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Material delays or defaults in customer payments could leave us unable to cover expenditures related to such customer’s projects, including the payment of our subcontractors.
Because of the nature of most of our contracts, we commit resources to projects prior to receiving payments from our customers in amounts sufficient to cover expenditures as they are incurred. In certain cases, these expenditures include paying our contractors and purchasing parts. If a customer defaults in making its payments on a project or projects to which we have devoted significant resources, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Certain of our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers may work on projects that are inherently dangerous, and a failure to maintain a safe worksite could result in significant losses.
Certain of our project sites can place our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers and others, including third parties, in difficult or dangerous environments, and may involve difficult and hard to reach terrain, high elevation, or locations near large or complex equipment, moving vehicles, high voltage or other safety hazards or dangerous processes. Safety is a primary focus of our business and maintaining a good reputation for safety is critical to our business. Many of our customers require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid on contracts. We maintain programs with the primary purpose of implementing effective health, safety and environmental procedures throughout our company. Maintaining such programs involves variable costs which may increase as governmental, regulatory and industry safety standards evolve, and any increase in such costs may materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, if we fail to implement appropriate safety procedures or if our procedures fail, our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers, including third parties, may . to comply with such procedures, client contracts or applicable regulations, or the occurrence of such , could subject us to material and liability and may impact our ability to obtain projects in the future or to hire and retain talented officers, employees, contractors, and other services providers, therefore materially affecting our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our products are subject to a lengthy sales cycle and our customers may cancel or change their product plans after we have expended substantial time and resources in the design of their products.
Many of our customers are conservative in their decision-making process. Sales cycles for new customers can vary from one to three years depending on the complexity of the customer’s network, whether the customer is subject to state regulations, and annual budget cycles. During this lengthy sales cycle, our potential customers may cancel or change their product plans. Customers may also discontinue products incorporating our devices at any time or they may choose to replace our products with lower cost semiconductors. In addition, we are working with leading customers in our target markets to define our future products. If customers cancel, reduce or delay product orders from us, or choose not to release products that incorporate our devices after we have spent substantial time and resources developing products or assisting customers with their product design, our revenue levels may be less than anticipated and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
Our marketing efforts depend significantly on our ability to receive positive references from our existing customers.
Our marketing efforts depend significantly on our ability to call on our current and past customers to provide positive references to new, potential customers. A material portion of our current pipeline activity is concentrated in the defense, transportation and aviation sectors. Given our limited number of customers, the loss or dissatisfaction of any customer could substantially harm our brand and reputation, inhibit the market acceptance of our products and services, and impair our ability to attract new customers and maintain existing customers. Further, as we expand into new vertical and geographic end markets, references from existing customers could be similarly important. Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our products contain defects or otherwise fail to perform as expected, we could be liable for damages and incur unanticipated warranty claims, recall and other related expenses, our reputation could be damaged, we could lose market share and, as a result, our financial condition or results of operations could suffer.
Our products rely on complex avionics, sensors, user-friendly interfaces and tightly integrated, electromechanical designs to accomplish their missions. Our products may contain defects or experience failures due to any number of issues in design, materials, manufacture, deployment and/or use. If any of our products contain a defect, compatibility or interoperability issue or other error, we may have to devote significant time and resources to find and correct the issue. Such efforts could divert the attention of our management team and other relevant personnel from other important tasks. A product recall or a significant number of product returns could (i) be expensive; (ii) damage our reputation and relationships with utilities and other third-party vendors; (iii) result in the loss of business to competitors; and (iv) result in litigation against us. Costs associated with field replacement labor, hardware replacement, re-integration with third-party products, handling charges, , and bugs, or other issues could be significant and could materially our financial results.
As a manufacturer of UAV products, and with aircraft and aviation sector companies under increased scrutiny, claims could be brought against us if use or misuse of one of our UAV products causes, or merely appears to have caused, personal injury or death. In addition, defects in our products may lead to other potential life, health and property risks. Any claims against us, regardless of their merit, could severely harm our financial condition, strain our management and other resources.
The existence of any defects, errors, or failures in our products or the misuse of our products could also lead to product liability claims or lawsuits against us. A defect, error or failure in one of our products could result in injury, death or property damage and significantly damage our reputation and support for our products in general. We anticipate this risk will grow as our products begin to be used in U.S. domestic airspace and urban areas.
Although we maintain insurance policies, we cannot provide assurance that this insurance will be adequate to protect us from all material judgments and expenses related to potential future claims or that these levels of insurance will be available in the future at economical prices or at all. A successful product liability claim could result in substantial cost to us. Even if we are fully insured as it relates to a claim, the claim could nevertheless diminish our brand and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We generally warrant our manufactured products, including hardware and software, for a period of one year from the date of receipt of the product by the customer. After the first year, the customer can pay for extended hardware warranty and software maintenance and upgrades on an annual basis in advance. Estimated future product warranty claims are based on the expected number of field failures over the warranty commitment period, the term of the product warranty period, and the costs for repair, replacement and other associated costs. Our warranty obligations are affected by product failure rates, claims levels, material usage and product re-integration and handling costs. While costs that we have incurred historically under our warranty obligations have not been material, the costs associated with such warranties, including any warranty related legal proceedings, are variable and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Because our products are relatively new and we do not yet have the benefit of long-term experience observing products’ performance in the field, our estimates of a product’s lifespan and incidence of claims may be inaccurate. Should actual product failure rates, claims levels, material usage, product re-integration and handling costs, defects, errors, bugs or other issues differ from the original estimates, we could end up incurring materially higher warranty or recall expenses than we anticipate.
Negative customer perception regarding the commercial UAS industry or the Company’s automated data solutions could have a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company’s products and the business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the Company.
The Company believes the commercial UAS industry is highly dependent upon customer perception regarding the safety, efficacy, and quality of the commercial UAS system deployed. Customer perception of these products can be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, media attention, and other publicity. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention, or other research findings or publicity will be favorable to the UAS market. Future research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity that are perceived as less favorable than, or that question, earlier research reports, findings or publicity could have a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company’s products and the business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the Company. The dependence upon customer perceptions means that adverse scientific research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity, whether or not accurate or with merit, could have a material effect on the Company, the demand for the Company’s products, and the business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the Company.
Certain of our products makes use of lithium-ion battery cells, which, if not appropriately managed and controlled, have occasionally been observed to catch fire or vent smoke and flames. If such events occur with our products, we could face liability associated with our warranty, for damage or injury, adverse publicity and a potential safety recall, any of which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
The battery packs in certain of our products use lithium-ion cells, which have been used for years in laptop computers and cell phones. On occasion, if not appropriately managed and controlled, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials. Highly publicized incidents of laptop computers and cell phones bursting into flames have focused consumer attention on the safety of these cells. These events also have raised questions about the suitability of these lithium-ion cells for automotive applications. There can be no assurance that a field failure of our battery packs will not occur, which would damage the vehicle or lead to personal injury or death and may subject us to lawsuits. Furthermore, there is some risk of electrocution if individuals who attempt to repair battery packs on our vehicles do not follow applicable maintenance and repair protocols. Any such damage or injury would likely lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Any such publicity could affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Due to the volatile and flammable nature of certain components of our products and equipment, fires or explosions may disrupt our business or cause significant injuries, which could adversely affect our financial results.
The development and manufacture of certain of our products involves the handling of a variety of explosive and flammable materials as well as high power equipment. From time to time, these activities may result in incidents that could cause us to temporarily shut down or otherwise disrupt some manufacturing processes, causing production delays and resulting in liability for workplace injuries and/or fatalities. We have safety and loss prevention programs that require detailed reviews of process changes and new operations, along with routine safety audits of operations involving explosive materials, to mitigate such incidents, as well as a variety of insurance policies, however our insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all claims and losses related to such incidents. We may experience such in the future, which could result in production or otherwise have a material effect on our business and financial condition.
Our technology, products and services have only been developed in the last several years and we have had only limited opportunities to deploy and assess their performance in the field at full scale.
The current generation of our certain technology platforms have only been developed in the last several years and will continue to evolve. Deploying and operating our technology is complex and, until recently, had been done primarily by a small number of customers. As the size, complexity and scope of our deployments grow we have been able to test product performance at a greater scale and in a variety of new geographic settings and environmental conditions. As the number, size and complexity of our deployments grow and we deploy our technology platforms for new applications in new critical infrastructure industries, we may encounter unforeseen operational, technical and other challenges, some of which could cause significant delays, trigger contractual penalties, result in unanticipated expenses, and/or damage to our reputation, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to respond to evolving technological changes, our products and services could become obsolete or less competitive.
We operate in highly competitive industries characterized by new and rapidly evolving technologies, standards, regulations, customer requirements, as well as frequent product introductions and revisions. Accordingly, our operating results depend upon our ability to develop and introduce new products and services, our ability to reduce production costs of our existing products. The process of developing new technologies and products is complex, and if we are unable to develop enhancements to, and new features for, our existing products and services or acceptable new products and services that keep pace with technological developments or industry standards, our products may become obsolete, less marketable and less competitive and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be significantly harmed.
We depend on our ability to develop new products and to enhance and sustain the quality of existing products.
Our growth and future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to design and manufacture new competitive products and to enhance and sustain the quality and marketability of our existing products. As such, we have made, and expect to continue to make, substantial investments in technology development. In the future, we may not have the necessary capital, or access to capital on acceptable terms, to fund necessary levels of research and development. Even with adequate capital resources, we may nonetheless experience unforeseen problems in the development or performance of our technologies or products. In addition, we may not meet our product development schedules and, even if we do, we may not develop new products fast enough to provide sufficient differentiation from our competitors’ products, which may be more successful.
We expect to incur substantial research and development costs and devote significant resources to identifying and commercializing new products and services, which could significantly reduce our profitability and may never result in revenue to us.
Our future growth depends on penetrating new markets, adapting existing products to new applications and new environments, and introducing new products and services that achieve market acceptance. We plan to incur substantial research and development costs as part of our efforts to design, develop and commercialize new products and services and enhance existing products. For example, we will incur research and development costs to improve the functionality of our acoustic DAA solution configuration in certain environments, in addition to integrating new payloads to broaden the functionality of our products and services. Further, our research and development programs may not produce successful results, and our new products and services may not achieve market acceptance, create additional revenue or become profitable, which could materially harm our business, prospects, financial results and liquidity.
If our products do not interoperate with our customers’ other systems, the purchase or deployment of our products and services may be delayed or cancelled.
Our products are designed to interface with our customers’ other systems, each of which may have different specifications and utilize multiple protocol standards and products from other vendors. Our products will be required to interoperate with many or all of these products as well as future products in order to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ systems, we may need to modify our products or services to fix or overcome these errors so that our products will interoperate with the existing software and hardware, which could be costly and negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if our products and services do not interoperate with our customers’ systems, customers may seek to hold us liable, demand for our products could be adversely affected or orders for our products could be delayed or cancelled. This could hurt our operating results, our reputation or brand, and our prospects, business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company operates in a competitive market.
The Company faces competition and new competitors will continue to emerge throughout the world. Services offered by the Company’s competitors may take a larger share of customer spending than anticipated, which could cause revenue generated from the Company’s products and services to fall below expectations. It is expected that competition in these markets will intensify. If competitors of the Company develop and market more successful products or services, offer competitive products or services at lower price points, or if the Company does not produce consistently high-quality and well-received products and services, revenues, margins, and profitability of the Company will decline.
The Company’s ability to compete effectively will depend on, among other things, the Company’s pricing of services and equipment, quality of customer service and field support, development of new and enhanced products and services in response to customer demands and changing technology, reach and quality of sales and distribution channels and capital resources. Competition could lead to a reduction in the rate at which the Company adds new customers, a decrease in the size of the Company’s market share and a decline in its customers.
We rely on our management team and need additional personnel to grow our business, and the loss of one or more key officers, employees, contractors and other service providers or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We depend, in part, on the performance of Eric Brock, our Chief Executive Officer and President; Neil Laird, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer; and Patrick Huston, our Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and Secretary; Markus Nottelmann, Chief Executive Officer of Ondas Networks; Menashe Shahar, the Chief Technology Officer of Ondas Networks; Oshri Lugassi the Co-Chief Executive Officer of OAS; Meir Kliner the President of OAS; and Amit Bigler, the Chief Financial Officer of OAS to operate and grow our business. The loss of any of Messrs. Brock, Laird, Huston, Nottelmann, Shahar, Lugassi, Kliner or Bigler could negatively impact our ability to execute our business strategies. Although we have entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Brock, Laird, Huston, Nottelmann, Shahar, Lugassi, Kliner and Bigler, we may be unable to retain them or replace any of them if we lose their services for any reason.
Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled management, product development, operations, sales, technical and other personnel in the U.S. and abroad. Even in today’s economic climate, competition for these types of personnel is intense. Given the lengthy sales cycles with utilities and deployment periods of our networking platform and solutions, the loss of key personnel at any time could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Cyberattacks through security vulnerabilities could lead to disruption of business, reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims, or harm to our reputation or competitive position.
Security vulnerabilities may arise from our hardware, software, employees, contractors or policies we have deployed, which may result in external parties gaining access to our networks, datacenters, cloud datacenters, corporate computers, manufacturing systems, and or access to accounts we have at our suppliers, vendors, and customers. They may gain access to our data or our users’ or customers’ data or attack the networks causing denial of service or attempt to hold our data or systems in ransom. The vulnerability could be caused by inadequate account security practices such as failure to timely remove employee access when terminated. To mitigate these security issues, we have implemented measures throughout our organization, including firewalls, backups, encryption, employee information technology policies and user account policies. However, there can be no assurance these measures will be sufficient to avoid cyberattacks. If any of these types of security breaches were to occur and we were to protect sensitive data, our relationships with our business partners and customers could be materially , our reputation could be materially , and we could be to a risk of and possible significant liability.
Further, if we fail to adequately maintain our infrastructure, we may have outages and data loss. Excessive outages may affect our ability to timely and efficiently deliver products to customers or develop new products and solutions. Such disruptions and data loss may adversely impact our ability to fulfill orders, patent our intellectual property or protect our source code, and interrupt other processes. Delayed sales or lost customers resulting from these disruptions could adversely affect our financial results, stock price and reputation.
Unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, any personal information maintained by us or on our behalf, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers or vendors by an unauthorized party, or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse, or otherwise, could harm our business. If any such unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, such personal information was to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted, and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. Finally, any perceived or actual access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could our reputation, substantially our ability to attract and retain customers and have an impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The development and use of artificial intelligence technologies presents risks that may affect our business, operations, and competitive position.
We incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities into certain of our products and solutions and may seek to expand the use of AI in our offerings in the future. As with many innovations, AI presents risks, challenges, and unintended consequences that could affect our business. AI algorithms and training methodologies may be flawed. These deficiencies and other failures of AI systems could subject us to competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. Further, incorporating AI could give rise to litigation risk and risk of non-compliance and unknown cost of compliance, as AI is an emerging technology for which the legal and regulatory landscape is not fully developed, including potential liability for breaching intellectual property or privacy rights or laws.
Additionally, leveraging AI capabilities to potentially improve internal functions and operations presents further risks and challenges. The use of AI to support business operations carries inherent risks related to data privacy and security, such as intended, unintended, or inadvertent transmission of proprietary, sensitive or export-controlled information, as well as challenges related to implementing and maintaining AI tools. Our competitors might move faster than us to gain efficiencies by incorporating AI into their design and development processes, and our products and/or cost structure could become less competitive as a result. The rapid evolution of AI will require the application of resources by us to develop, test and maintain our products, services and operations to help ensure that AI is implemented ethically in order to minimize unintended, harmful impact. Our competitors may be faster or more successful than we are in incorporating AI and other disruptive technology into their offerings, which would our ability to compete .
The regulatory framework for AI technologies is rapidly evolving. Existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in ways that could affect the operation of our AI technologies, and federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have introduced or are currently considering additional laws and regulations applicable to AI technologies. The cost to comply with such laws, regulations, and guidance, or to adjust our business plans based on changes to how such laws are enforced, could be significant and would increase our operating expenses or impact our ability to use, procure or commercialize AI technologies. Such an increase in operating expenses, as well as any actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws and regulations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If critical components or raw materials used to manufacture our products or used in our development programs become scarce or unavailable, then we may incur delays in manufacturing and delivery of our products and in completing our development programs, which could damage our business.
In order to produce our products and services and related safety systems, we obtain certain hardware components, as well as subsystems and systems from a limited group of suppliers, some of which are sole source suppliers. We do not have long-term agreements with any of these suppliers that obligate them to continue to sell components, subsystems, systems or products to us. Our reliance on these suppliers involves significant risks and uncertainties, including whether our suppliers will provide an adequate supply of required components, subsystems, or systems of sufficient quality, will increase prices for the components, subsystems or systems and will perform their obligations on a timely basis.
In addition, certain raw materials and components used in the manufacturing of our products and in our development programs, are periodically subject to supply shortages, and our business is subject to the risk of price increases and periodic delays in delivery. Particularly, the market for electronic components is experiencing increased demand and a global shortage of semiconductors, creating substantial uncertainty regarding our suppliers’ continued production of key components for our products. If any additional shortages occur and we are unable to obtain components from third party suppliers in the quantities and of the quality that we require, on a timely basis and at acceptable prices, then we may not be able to timely complete development programs or deliver our products on a timely or cost effective basis to our customers, which could cause customers to terminate their contracts with us, increase our costs and seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, if any of our suppliers become financially , or otherwise or to provide us with raw materials or components, then we may have to find new suppliers. It may take several months to locate alternative suppliers, if required, or to redesign our products to accommodate components from different suppliers. We may experience significant in manufacturing and shipping our products to customers and incur additional development, manufacturing and other costs to establish alternative sources of supply if we any of these sources or are required to redesign our products.
We currently do not have long-term supply contracts with guaranteed pricing which exposes us to fluctuations in component, materials and equipment prices. Substantial increases in these prices would increase our operating costs and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Because we currently do not have long-term supply contracts with guaranteed pricing, we are subject to fluctuations in the prices of the raw materials, parts and components and equipment we use in the production of our products and services. Substantial increases in the prices for such raw materials, components and equipment would increase our operating costs and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased prices. Any attempts to increase prices of our automated data solutions in response to increased costs could be viewed negatively by our customers and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Our past acquisitions, as well as any acquisitions we may complete in the future, may be unsuccessful or result in other risks or developments that adversely affect our financial condition and results.
We intend to consider additional potential strategic transactions, which could involve acquisitions of businesses or assets, joint ventures or investments in businesses, products or technologies that expand, complement or otherwise relate to our current or future business. While we intend for our acquisitions to improve our competitiveness and profitability, we cannot be certain that our past or future acquisitions will be accretive to earnings or otherwise meet our operational or strategic expectations. Special risks, including accounting, regulatory, compliance, information technology or human resources issues may arise in connection with, or as a result of, the acquisition of an existing company, including the assumption of unanticipated liabilities and contingencies, difficulties in integrating acquired businesses, possible management distractions or the inability of the acquired business to achieve the levels of revenue, income, productivity or synergies we anticipate or otherwise perform as we expect on the timeline contemplated. We are unable to predict all the risks that could arise as a result of our acquisitions.
If the performance of an acquired business varies from our projections or assumptions or if estimates about the future profitability of an acquired business change, our revenues, earnings or other aspects of our financial condition could be adversely affected. We may also experience difficulties in connection with integrating any acquired companies into our existing businesses and operations, including our existing infrastructure and information technology systems. The infrastructure and information technology systems of acquired companies could present issues that we were unable to identify prior to the acquisition and could adversely affect our financial condition and results. Moreover, these transactions could involve: (a) substantial investment of funds or financings by issuance of debt or equity securities; (b) substantial investment with respect to technology transfers and operational integration; and (c) the acquisition or disposition of product lines or businesses. Also, such activities could result in one-time charges and expenses and have the potential to either dilute the interests of our existing shareholders or result in the issuance of, or assumption of debt.
Additionally, we may not realize all of the synergies we anticipate from past and potential future acquisitions. Among the synergies that we may expect to realize are cross-selling opportunities to our existing customers, as well as operational efficiencies. Variances from these or other assumptions or expectations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets acquired in an acquisition or in an investment, or charges to earnings associated with any acquisition or investment activity, may materially reduce our earnings. Future acquisitions or joint ventures may not result in their anticipated benefits, and we may not be able to properly integrate acquired products, technologies or businesses with our existing products and operations or successfully combine personnel and cultures. Failure to do so could deprive us of the intended benefits of those acquisitions. Moreover, if we are unable to access the capital markets on acceptable terms or at all, we may not be able to consummate acquisitions, or may have to do so on the basis of a less than optimal capital structure. Our to take of growth or address risks associated with acquisitions or investments in businesses may affect our operating results.
If the Company is required to write down goodwill and other intangible assets, the Company’s financial condition and results could be negatively affected.
Goodwill impairment arises when there is deterioration in the capabilities of acquired assets to generate cash flows, and the fair value of the goodwill dips below its book value. The Company is required to review its goodwill for impairment at least annually. Events that may trigger goodwill impairment include deterioration in economic conditions, increased competition, loss of key personnel, and regulatory action. Should any of these occur, an impairment of goodwill could have a negative effect on the assets of the Company.
In December 2025, the Company performed a qualitative analysis and concluded there were no indications of impairment. As of December 31, 2025, goodwill was approximately $251.8 million. Refer to Note 6 of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the impairment of goodwill.
War, terrorism, and other acts of violence may affect the markets in which we operate, our clients and our product and service delivery.
Our business may be adversely affected by regional or global instability, disruption or destruction, regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection or social unrest. For example, the war in Israel and the significant military action against Ukraine launched by Russia may affect the markets in which we operate. Such events may cause clients to delay their decisions on spending for the products and services provided by us and give rise to sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events pose risks which could materially adversely affect our financial results.
Since many of our subsidiaries are located in Israel, the Company has considered various ongoing risks relating to the military operation and related matters. All of the Company’s workforce in Israel returned to work and inventory production restraints have eased. The Company is closely monitoring how the military operation and related activities could adversely affect its anticipated milestones and its Israel-based activities to support future operations, including the Company’s ability to import materials that are required to construct the products and services and to ship them outside of Israel. To date, we have not had material disruptions to our ability to produce, manage and deliver products and services to customers as our U.S. teams have supported our ongoing operations in Israel and the Middle East; however, a prolonged war or an escalation of the current conditions in Israel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Due to the ongoing and evolving nature of these events, the extent of the adverse effect on our business operations is still unknown.
We may not be able to secure adequate insurance policies, or secure insurance policies at reasonable prices.
We maintain general liability insurance, aviation flight testing insurance, aircraft liability coverage, directors and officers insurance, and other insurance policies and we believe our level of coverage is customary in the industry and adequate to protect against claims. However, there can be no assurance that it will be sufficient to cover potential claims or that present levels of coverage will be available in the future at a reasonable cost. Further, we expect our insurance needs and costs to increase as we grow our commercial operations and expand into new markets and it is uncertain if such insurance will be available on commercially reasonable terms.
The Company will be affected by operational risks and may not be adequately insured for certain risks.
The Company will be affected by a number of operational risks and the Company may not be adequately insured for certain risks, including: labor disputes; catastrophic accidents; fires; blockades or other acts of social activism; changes in the regulatory environment; impact of non-compliance with laws and regulations; natural phenomena, such as inclement weather conditions, floods, earthquakes and ground movements. There is no assurance that the foregoing risks and hazards will not result in damage to, or destruction of, the Company’s technologies, personal injury or death, environmental damage, adverse impacts on the Company’s operation, costs, monetary losses, potential legal liability and adverse governmental action, any of which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s future cash flows, earnings and financial condition. Furthermore, the unmanned aerial systems industry a formative insurance market. As a result, the Company may be subject to or affected by liability or sustain for certain risks and which the Company cannot insure or which the Company may elect not to insure because of the cost. This of insurance coverage could have an impact on the Company’s future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
Litigation may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
From time to time in the normal course of our business operations, we may become subject to litigation that may result in liability material to our financial condition as a whole or may negatively affect our operating results if changes to our business operations are required. The cost to defend such litigation may be significant and may require a significant diversion of our resources, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully defend against any such litigation regardless of particular merits. There also may be adverse publicity associated with litigation that could negatively affect customer perception of our business, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether we are ultimately found liable. Insurance may not be available on terms, at all, or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to these or other matters. A judgment or other liability in excess of our insurance coverage for any could affect our business, financial condition and the results of our operations.
Our cash could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash fail.
The Company maintains domestic cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured banks. The domestic bank deposit balances may exceed the FDIC insurance limits. Also, in the foreign markets we serve, we also maintain cash deposits in foreign banks, some of which are not insured or partially insured by the FDIC or other similar agency. These balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions in which we deposit monies fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets.
Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and stock price.
Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme disruptions in recent years, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurance that renewed deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will not occur. Our general business strategy may be adversely affected by any economic downturn, volatile business environment or continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions. If the current equity and credit markets deteriorate, or do not improve, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more , costlier and more dilutive. to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on terms could have a material effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and stock price and could require us to or implementing business initiatives.
Uncertainty about current and future global economic conditions may cause governments, including the U.S. government, which is a target customer, other customers and businesses to modify, defer or cancel purchases in response to tighter credit, decreased cash availability and declining consumer confidence. Accordingly, future demand for our products could differ materially from our current expectations. Additionally, if customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are precluded from securing financing, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable that are owed to us. Any inability of current and/or potential customers to pay us for our products may adversely affect our earnings and cash flow. In addition, if our suppliers face challenges in obtaining credit, selling their products, or otherwise in operating their businesses or remaining solvent, they may become unable to offer the materials we use to manufacture our products.
As a global company, our performance is affected by global economic, market and industry conditions as well as geopolitical issues and other conditions with global reach. In recent years, concerns about the global economic outlook, inflation and increased interest rates have adversely affected market and business conditions in general. Macroeconomic weakness and uncertainty make it more difficult for us to manage our operations and accurately forecast revenue, gross margin and operating expenses. Further, bank failures and other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties, or other third parties, or concerns or rumors about these events, have led to market-wide liquidity problems. Sustained or worsening of global economic conditions and geopolitical issues may increase our cost of doing business, materially disrupt our supply chain operations, cause our customers to reduce or delay spending and intensify pricing pressures. We cannot predict the timing, or duration of any economic , or recovery, generally or within any particular industry. If the economic conditions of the general economy or markets in which we operate from present levels, demand for our products, and our business, financial condition and results of operations, could be affected.
Risks Related to Regulatory Requirements
We and our customers operate in a highly regulated business environment and changes in regulation could impose costs on us or make our products less economical.
Our products and services and our utility customers are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations. Laws and regulations applicable to us and our products govern, among other things, the manner in which our products communicate, and the environmental impact and electrical reliability of our products. Additionally, our critical infrastructure customers are often regulated by national, state and/or local bodies, including public utility commissions, the Department of Energy, the Department of War, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the FAA, the FCC, Federal Railroad Administration, Israeli Defense Export Controls Agency of the Ministry of Defense and other bodies. Prospective customers may be required to gain approval from any or all of these organizations prior to implementing our products and services, including specific permissions related to the cost recovery of these systems. Regulatory agencies may impose special requirements for implementation and operation of our products, which may result in unforeseen delays. We may incur material costs or liabilities in complying with government regulations applicable to us or our utility customers. In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with evolving regulations and requirements that may be adopted or imposed on us or our utility customers in the future. Such costs could make our products less economical and could impact our utility customers’ willingness to adopt our products, which could materially and affect our revenue, results of operations and financial condition.
Furthermore, changes in the underlying regulatory conditions that affect critical infrastructure industries could have a potentially adverse effect on our customers’ interest or ability to implement our technologies. Many regulatory jurisdictions have implemented rules that provide financial incentives for the implementation of energy efficiency and demand response technologies, often by providing rebates or through the restructuring of utility rates. If these programs were to cease, or if they were restructured in a manner inconsistent with the capabilities enabled by our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed.
Failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals from the FAA or other governmental agencies, or limitations put on the use of small UAS in response to public privacy and other concerns, may prevent us from expanding the sales of our drone solutions to industrial and government customers in the U.S.
The regulation of small UAS for commercial use in the U.S. is undergoing substantial change and the ultimate treatment is uncertain.
On February 14, 2012, the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 was enacted, establishing various deadlines for the FAA to allow expanded use of small UAS for both public and commercial applications. On June 21, 2016, the FAA released its final rules regarding the routine use of certain small UAS (under 55 pounds) in the U.S. National Airspace System pursuant to the act (the “Part 107 Rules”). The Part 107 Rules, which became effective in August 2016, provided safety regulations for small UAS conducting non-recreational operations and contain various limitations and restrictions for such operations, including a requirement that operators keep UAS within visual-line-of-sight and prohibiting flights over unprotected people on the ground who are not directly participating in the operation of the UAS. On December 28, 2020, the FAA announced final rules requiring remote identification of drones and allowing operators of small drones to fly over people and at night under certain conditions.
Additionally, in December 2019, the FAA proposed rules regarding remote UAS identification, which became the final rule on September 16, 2023. In April 2021, the final rule for the operation of small UAS over people went into effect, which permits routine operations of small, uncrewed aircraft over people, moving vehicles, and at night under certain conditions. The FAA has also introduced proposed rules for a new policy regarding the airworthiness certification of a newly created special class of UAS, which rules are not yet in effect. On June 8, 2021, the FAA announced the formation of an Aviation Rulemaking Committee (“ARC”) to develop new rules to further define regulations for the operations of UAS Beyond Visual Line-of-Site (“BVLOS”). The timing of additional rulemaking is uncertain as is the outcome of the still developing regulatory environment related to the operation of small UAS. Additionally, recent focus on reducing the size of the federal workforce could negatively impact the availability of resources within the FAA which could delay our progress towards certification.
We cannot assure you that any final rules enacted in furtherance of the FAA’s announced proposals will result in the expanded use of our drones and drone solutions by commercial and industrial entities. In addition, there exists public concern regarding the privacy and other implications of U.S. commercial use of small UAS. This concern has included calls to develop explicit written policies and procedures establishing usage limitations. We cannot assure you that the response from regulatory agencies, customers and privacy advocates to these concerns will not delay or restrict the adoption of small UAS by the commercial use markets.
Substantially all our current wireless networking products depend on the availability and are subject to the use of licensed radio frequencies regulated by the FCC in the U.S.
Substantially all of our current wireless networking products are designed to communicate wirelessly via licensed radio frequencies and therefore depend on the availability of adequate radio spectrum in order to operate. It is possible that the FCC or the U.S. Congress could adopt additional regulations or policies which are or may change or modify current regulations or policies so that they are, harmful to our business or incompatible with our current or future product offerings, as well as products currently installed in the field. Additional regulations or policies or changes or modifications to current regulations or policies may require modification or replacement of our products, including products currently installed in the field, at significant, or even prohibitive, cost to us, and may require changes or modifications to, or termination of, ongoing or planned projects. Any of these developments could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
As a manufacturer of commercial UAS, we are subject to various government regulations, restrictions and requirements, and may be subject to additional regulations in the future, violation of which could subject us to sanctions or otherwise harm, restrict or add costs to our business.
As a manufacturer of consumer products, we are subject to significant government regulations, restrictions and requirements, including, in the U.S., those issued under the Consumer Products Safety Act, as well as those issued under product safety and consumer protection statutes in our international markets. Failure to comply with any applicable product safety or consumer protection regulation could result in sanctions that could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Governments and regulatory agencies in the markets where we manufacture and sell products may enact additional regulations relating to product safety and consumer protection in the future and may also increase the penalties for failure to comply with product safety and consumer protection regulations. In addition, one or more of our customers might require changes in our products, such as the non-use of certain materials, in the future. Complying with any such additional regulations or requirements could impose increased costs on our business. Similarly, increased penalties for non-compliance could subject us to greater expenses in the event any of our products were found to not comply with such regulations. Such increased costs or penalties could harm our business.
Our business is subject to federal, state and international laws regarding data protection, privacy, information security and national security, as well as confidentiality obligations under various agreements, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could damage our reputation, expose us to litigation risk and adversely affect our business and operating results.
In connection with our business, we receive, collect, process and retain certain personal and confidential customer information. As a result, we are subject to increasingly rigorous federal, state and international laws regarding privacy and data protection. Personal privacy, data protection and information security are significant issues in the U.S. and the other jurisdictions where we offer our products and services. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the United States Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and various state, local and foreign bodies and agencies. We also execute confidentiality and data protection agreements with various parties under which we are required to protect their confidential information.
The U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals, including end-customers and employees. In the U.S., the FTC and many state attorney generals are applying federal and state consumer protection laws to the online collection, use and dissemination of data. Additionally, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, and other jurisdictions in which we operate or conduct our business, have laws and regulations concerning the processing of personal information obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within or processing personal information that falls within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the U.S. in certain areas, whereas U.S. laws may impose requirements not included in their international counterparts. Such laws and regulations may, for example, require companies to implement new privacy and security policies and practices, permit individuals to access, correct and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals’ consent to use personal information for certain purposes.
We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, information security and national security in the U.S., the European Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot yet determine the impact of such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. We are subject to heightened national security-based data restrictions and evolving U.S. enforcement trends, which may impose potential compliance costs, restrictions on data movement, and risks tied to defense-related or export-controlled data. Also, for example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, which became effective in 2020, provides new data privacy rights for consumers and new operational requirements for companies. Additionally, we expect that existing laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted differently in the future. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the regulatory framework for the future of personal data transfers from the European Union to the U.S. with regulations such as the recently adopted General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which imposes more stringent European Union data protection requirements, provides an enforcement authority, and imposes large penalties for noncompliance. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, including the adoption of the GDPR, as well as changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could our ability to collect, use or information relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our products, require us to restrict our business operations, increase our costs and our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.
Although we are working to comply with those federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations that apply to us, such laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another, other requirements or legal obligations, our practices or the features of our products. As such, we cannot assure ongoing compliance with all such laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations, and our efforts to do so may cause us to incur significant costs or require changes to our business practices, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of personal information or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and , private , and or publicity and could cause our customers to trust in us, which could have an effect on our reputation and business. Any to address privacy and security , even if , or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, our reputation, inhibit sales, and affect our business and operating results.
Our international operations are subject to various operational and financial risks that could adversely affect our business.
In addition to the U.S., many of our subsidiaries operates in Israel, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates. The services and products we provide outside the U.S. are subject to risks resulting from changes in tariffs, trade restrictions, trade agreements, tax rules and policies, difficulties in managing or overseeing foreign operations and agents, different liability standards, issues related to compliance with anti-corruption laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act data protection, trade compliance and intellectual property laws of countries that do not protect our rights relating to our intellectual property, including our proprietary information systems, to the same extent as U.S. laws. The international scope of our business requires us to comply with a wide range of national and local laws and regulations, which may in certain cases diverge from or even conflict with each other. Restrictions imposed on us by the foreign governments, as a result of strategic ties and treaties with foreign countries, limit our activities and access to certain region or decrease the profitability of our operations in that region, in a manner that may restrict, and even prevent in certain situations, our operations in certain regions and affect its results.
With the geographic expansion of our business, and that of our subsidiaries, into new markets, we have become subject to additional and changing legal, regulatory, tax, licensing, and compliance requirements and industry standards.
In countries where we operate, legislators and regulatory authorities may introduce new interpretations of existing laws and regulations or introduce new legislation or regulations concerning our business. Changes in government regulation of or successful challenges to the business model used by us in certain markets may require us to change our existing business models and operations. Any additional regulatory scrutiny or changes in legal requirements may impose significant compliance costs and make it uneconomical for us to continue to operate in all of the current markets or to expand in accordance with our strategy, particularly if regulations or their interpretations vary greatly or conflict between different operating countries. This may negatively impact our revenue and profitability by preventing our business from reaching sufficient scale in particular markets or having to change our business model or incur additional costs, which would adversely impact business. As we expand our business in foreign countries, we will be to increased risk of from foreign currency fluctuations and exchange controls. Our , or perceived , to comply with existing or new compliance obligations could lead to regulatory , which could result in administrative or enforcement action, such as , , and/or enforceable undertakings, and affect our business.
We may become subject to increasing global trade laws and regulations.
We may become subject to increasing global trade laws and regulations, including economic sanctions, export controls, and import laws. Failure to comply with global trade laws and regulations can result in penalties and reputational harm. Our international sales efforts expose us to increased risk under these laws and regulations, and increasing and evolving global trade laws could impact our business.
In addition, the global economy has recently seen a significant rise in tariffs and threats of tariffs. While tariffs have not had a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations to date, new tariffs could increase the costs of raw materials and other goods, both for us and our suppliers, which could impact our business, particularly as we begin to scale our manufacturing operations. Our products, including motors, batteries, sensors, and other advanced components, may rely on materials sourced from foreign countries. Any disruption in the supply of these materials due to geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, supply chain bottlenecks, or export controls could adversely affect our ability to produce and deliver our products.
Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of new tariffs or other import restrictions, could increase our costs, disrupt our supply chain, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The U.S. has recently enacted, and may enact or propose to enact, significant new tariffs on imported goods, including technology components, raw materials, and finished products. Additionally, President Trump has directed various federal agencies to further evaluate key aspects of U.S. trade policy and there has been ongoing discussion and commentary regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, treaties and tariffs. As a result, there continues to be significant uncertainty surrounding the future of U.S. trade policy and its global implications. This uncertainty-whether arising from actual regulatory actions or even the perception that such changes may occur-could adversely impact global economic conditions, increase volatility in financial markets, and reduce international trade volumes, including trade between the U.S. and countries where our suppliers, contract manufacturers, or customers are located. In the first half of 2025, we observed a significant shift in U.S. trade policy, with increased tariffs and the imposition of significant new tariffs that could have an adverse impact on our supply chain and business operations. While certain of the recently announced tariffs have been paused, whether and to what degree they may be reinstated is uncertain at this time and may have implications for our suppliers and our business.
As a company with global operations and dependencies on a complex international supply chain, these developments could materially affect our cost structure, operating efficiency, and commercial execution. Specifically:
We rely on imported materials, components, or finished goods, and if tariffs increase, our supply chain costs may rise, adversely affecting our business, results of operations and cash flows;
Changes in trade policies, such as new tariffs or increases in tariffs, or reactionary measures including retaliatory tariffs, legal challenges, or currency manipulation, could adversely impact us;
We may face increased costs from tariffs on imported components used in our drone systems and wireless infrastructure products;
Our ability to source certain materials or components may be constrained or delayed, resulting in supply chain disruptions and missed customer deadlines; We may be required to seek alternative suppliers or relocate manufacturing capacity at substantial cost and with uncertain outcomes;
Export restrictions or retaliatory tariffs imposed by foreign governments could impact our ability to sell products internationally, particularly in strategic growth markets;
Evolving regulatory requirements may increase our compliance burden and legal exposure related to customs classifications, country-of-origin tracking, and trade licensing.
Any of these outcomes could reduce our gross margins, hinder our revenue growth, delay strategic initiatives, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. While we intend to take steps to mitigate any impacts of tariffs or other impacts resulting from changes in trade policy, our ability to do so may be limited by operational and supply chain constraints, especially in the short term.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property
Our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology is uncertain.
We rely primarily on patent, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, to protect our proprietary technologies and intellectual property. As of this filing, the Ondas Networks segment held a total of eight issued patents in the U.S., seven issued international patents, eight patent pending applications in the U.S., and four international pending patent applications. The Ondas Networks segment patents expire between 2026 and 2040, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents. As of this filing, the OAS segment held a total of 13 issued patents in the U.S., 24 issued international patents, and ten international pending patent applications. The OAS segment patents expire between 2026 and 2042, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents. Our intellectual property incorporates internally developed software and hardware design incorporating machine and computer vision and was developed with artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. This intellectual property is critical to the development of end-to-end systems which reliably enable the automated operation of drones in real-world environments.
We have applied for patent protection relating to certain existing and proposed products and processes. Currently, several of our issued U.S. patents as well as various pending U.S. and foreign patent applications relate to our products and services and are therefore important to the functionality of our products. If we fail to timely file a patent application in any jurisdiction, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that any of our patent applications will be approved in a timely manner or at all. The rights granted to us under our patents, and the rights we are seeking to have granted in our pending patent applications, may not be meaningful or provide us with any commercial advantage. In addition, those rights could be opposed, contested or circumvented by our competitors, or be declared invalid or unenforceable in judicial or administrative proceedings. The failure of our patents to adequately protect our technology might make it or cheaper for our competitors to offer the same or similar products or technologies. Even if we are in receiving patent protection for certain products and processes, our competitors may be to design around our patents or develop products that provide outcomes which are comparable or to ours without on our intellectual property rights. Due to differences between foreign and U.S. patent laws, our patented intellectual property rights may not receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they would in the U.S. Even if patents are granted outside the U.S., enforcement in those countries may not be available without significant cost and time expense or at all.
We rely on our trademarks and trade names to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors. Third parties may challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote additional resources to marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe upon our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.
We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and technology, which are not protectable by patents, to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect this information by entering into confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers regarding our intellectual property and proprietary technology. In the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of those agreements, we may not be provided with meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our commercial partners, collaborators, officers, employees, contractors and other service providers use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in the related or resulting know-how and inventions. If any of our trade secrets, know-how or other technologies not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
If a competitor infringes upon one of our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights, enforcing those patents, trademarks and other rights may be costly, difficult and time consuming. Patent law relating to the scope of claims in the industry in which we operate is subject to rapid change and constant evolution and, consequently, patent positions in our industry can be uncertain. Even if successful, litigation to defend our patents and trademarks against challenges or to enforce our intellectual property rights could be expensive and time consuming and could divert management’s attention from managing our business. Moreover, we may not have sufficient resources or desire to defend our patents or trademarks against challenges or to enforce our intellectual property rights. also puts our patents at risk of being or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing. Additionally, we may third parties to assert us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially . The occurrence of any of these events may our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our business may suffer if it is alleged or found that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Our industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and by litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Moreover, in recent years, individuals and groups have purchased patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements from companies like ours. To date we have received no claims with respect to our infringement of intellectual property or patents but, in the future, third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their patents or other intellectual property rights. In addition, we may be or may become contractually obligated to indemnify our utility customers or other third parties that use or resell our products in the event our products are alleged to infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can be time consuming, to in , management’s attention and resources, our reputation and brand, and cause us to incur significant expenses. Even if we are indemnified such costs, the indemnifying party may be to uphold its contractual obligations. Further, of intellectual property might require us to redesign affected products, affected product offerings, enter into settlement or license agreements or pay awards or face a temporary or permanent prohibiting us from marketing, selling or distributing the affected products. If we cannot or do not license the technology on reasonable terms or at all, or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be impacted. Additionally, our utility customers may not purchase our products if they are that our products third-party intellectual property rights. This could reduce the market for the sale of our products and services. The occurrence of any of these events may have a material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information, the value of our technology and products could be adversely affected.
In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented technology, trade secrets and know-how. We generally seek to protect this information by confidentiality, non-disclosure and assignment of invention agreements with our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers and with parties with which we do business. These agreements may be breached, which breach may result in the misappropriation of such information, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use or reverse engineering of our technology.
Moreover, our trade secrets may be disclosed to or otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. To the extent that our officers, employees, contractors, other service providers, or other third parties with whom we do business use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. If, for any of the above reasons, our intellectual property is disclosed or misappropriated, it would harm our ability to protect our rights and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We use open-source software in our products and services that may subject our products and services to general release or require us to re-engineer our products and services, which may cause harm to our business.
We use open-source software in connection with our products and services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open-source software into their products have faced claims challenging the ownership of open-source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open-source software or noncompliance with open-source licensing terms. Some open-source software licenses require users who distribute open-source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open-source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software in our products and services and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code to the related product or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur and we may be required to release our proprietary source code, pay for of contract, re-engineer our products, the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may resources away from our development efforts, any of which could affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.
The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business, or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative:
others may be able to make devices that are the same as or similar to our remote radios but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own;
we or any collaborators might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patents or pending patent applications that we own;
we might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our inventions;
others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights;
it is possible that our pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents;
issued patents that we own may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges;
our competitors might conduct research and development activities in the U.S. and other countries that provide a safe harbor from patent infringement claims for certain research and development activities, as well as in countries where we do not have patent rights, and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets; and
we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable.
Risks Related to our Financial Results
We will need to generate significant sales to achieve profitable operations.
We intend to increase our operating expenses substantially in connection with the planned expansion of our business, establishment of our sales and marketing infrastructure, our ongoing research and development activities, and the commensurate development of our management and administrative functions, but there is no guarantee that we will succeed in these endeavors. We will need to generate significant sales to achieve profitability, and we might not be able to do so. Even if we do generate significant sales, we might not be able to achieve, sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our sales grow more slowly than we expect, or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Our future profitability may be dependent upon achieving cost reductions and projected economies of scale from increasing manufacturing quantities of our products. Failing to achieve such reductions in manufacturing costs and projected economies of scale could materially adversely affect our business.
We do not know whether or when we will be able to develop efficient, low-cost manufacturing capabilities and processes that will enable us to manufacture (or contract for the manufacture of) these products in commercial quantities while meeting the volume, speed, quality, price, engineering, design and production standards required to successfully market our products. Our failure to develop such manufacturing processes and capabilities in locations that can efficiently service our markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Our future profitability is, in part, dependent upon achieving increased savings from volume purchases of raw materials and component parts, achieving acceptable manufacturing yield and capitalizing on machinery efficiencies. We expect our suppliers to experience a sharp increase in demand for their products. As a result, we may not have reliable access to supplies that we require or be to purchase such materials or components at cost prices. There is no assurance that we will ever be in a position to realize any material, labor and machinery cost reductions associated with higher purchasing power and higher production levels. to these cost reductions could impact our business and financial results.
If business growth falls short of expectations, we may need to obtain additional capital to fund our growth, operations, and obligations.
We may require additional capital to fund our growth, operations, and obligations if our growth plan falls short or takes more time than we anticipate. As our business has grown, we have managed periods of tight liquidity by accessing capital from our stockholders and their affiliates. Our capital requirements will depend on several factors, including:
our ability to enter into new agreements with customers or to extend the terms of our existing agreements with customers, and the terms of such agreements;
the success of our sales efforts;
our working capital requirements related to the costs of inventory and accounts receivable;
costs of recruiting and retaining qualified personnel;
expenditures and investments to implement our business strategy; and
the identification and successful completion of acquisitions.
We may seek additional funds through equity or debt offerings and/or borrowings under notes payable, lines of credit or other sources. We do not know whether additional financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms or at all, when needed. For example, increases in interest rates could negatively impact the costs of seeking additional funds through debt offerings and/or borrowings. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on commercially acceptable terms, our ability to fund our operations, support the growth of our business or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly delayed or limited, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our revenue is not predictable and recognition of a significant portion of it will be deferred into future periods.
Once a customer decides to move forward with a large-scale deployment of our products and services, the timing of and our ability to recognize related revenue will depend on several factors, some of which may not be under our control. These factors include shipment schedules that may be delayed or subject to modification, the rate at which our utility customers choose to deploy our products in their network, customer acceptance of all or any part of our products and services, our contractual commitments to provide new or enhanced functionality at some point in the future, other contractual provisions such as liquidated damages, our suppliers’ ability to provide an adequate supply of components, the requirement to obtain regulatory approval, and our ability to deliver quality products according to expected schedules. In light of these factors, the application of complex revenue recognition rules to our products and services has required us to defer, and in the future will likely continue to require us to defer, a significant amount of revenue until undetermined future periods. It may be difficult to predict the amount of revenue that we will recognize in any given period and amounts recognized may fluctuate significantly from one period to the next.
We are exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations because a proportion of our assets, liabilities and earnings are denominated in foreign currencies.
We present our financial statements in U.S. dollars (“USD”), but our subsidiaries conducts a significant portion of its operations outside of the U.S., which also operate in their respective local currencies, and we hold a proportion of our net assets and generate income in non-USD currencies, the most significant of which are currently the Israeli New Shekel, the Eurozone Euro, the Singapore Dollar and the Emirati Dirham. Consequently, a depreciation of non-USD currencies relative to the USD could have an adverse impact on financial results. National and regional differences in monetary policy may cause the value of the non-USD currencies to fluctuate against the USD. Currency volatility contributes to variations in our revenue and expenses in foreign currency jurisdictions. Because our financial statements continue to be presented in U.S. dollars, the local currencies of our subsidiaries will be translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates for inclusion in our Consolidated Financial Statements, thereby increasing the foreign exchange translation risk. Accordingly, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
If our internal controls over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, prevent fraud or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in our stock price.
As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on the internal control over financial reporting. Our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including SEC enforcement actions, and we could be required to restate our financial results, any of which would require additional financial and management resources.
If material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, restrict our ability to access the capital markets, require us to expend significant resources to correct the material weakness, subject us to fines, penalties or judgments, harm our reputation or otherwise cause a decline in investor confidence.
We continue to invest in more robust technology and resources to manage those reporting requirements. Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing these controls could impact our ability to timely report our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and our stock price could decline.
In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline.
The trading price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors could include:
additions or departures of key personnel;
changes in laws or regulations affecting our industry;
changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
the increasing prominence of new technologies, including AI, in the markets in which we compete;
any major change in our Board or management;
general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets; and
political instability, natural disasters, pandemics, war, and/or events of terrorism.
From time to time, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various commercial and other product development goals or milestones. Also, from time to time, we expect that we will publicly announce the anticipated timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are based on a variety of assumptions. The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. If we do not meet these milestones as publicly announced, our stock price may decline.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of publicly traded companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of companies’ stock, including ours, regardless of actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
We may issue more shares to raise additional capital, which may result in substantial dilution.
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of a maximum of 800,000,000 shares of common stock. Any additional financings effected by us may result in the issuance of additional securities without stockholder approval and the substantial dilution in the percentage of common stock held by our then existing stockholders. In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may be higher or lower than the price per share of our common stock at that time. Also, we have reserved 61,000,000 and 3,333,334 shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to future awards under the Ondas Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2021 Plan”) and 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2018 Plan”), respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan and 2018 Plan is 27,091,223 and 72,550 shares of common stock, respectively. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, may cause the price of our common stock to decline. Additionally, if all or a substantial portion of these shares are resold into the public markets then the trading price of our common stock may decline.
Our Board may issue and fix the terms of shares of our preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock or any change in control of our Company.
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, with such designation rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board. Our Board is empowered, without the need to obtain stockholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. In the event of such issuances, the preferred stock could be used, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our company.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business, which research and reports are not and would not be subject to our control. If industry analysts cease coverage of our company, the trading price for our stock could be materially and adversely impacted. Also, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may be materially and adversely impacted. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock nor are we under any obligation to declare or pay such cash dividends. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our operations and the development and growth of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Our future ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock may be limited by any future debt instruments or preferred securities. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases to a price above the price you paid for them and you sell such shares.
If our shares become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not retain a listing on Nasdaq and if the price of our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling shares.
Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in the stockholders’ best interest.
Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in the stockholders’ best interest. For example, Nevada law provides that approval of two-thirds of the stockholders is required to remove a director, which may make it more difficult for a third-party to gain control of the Company. This concentration of ownership limits the power to exercise control by our minority stockholders.
Our bylaws designate the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County of the State of Nevada as the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions, which could limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company and its directors, officers, or other employees and may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.
Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County of the State of Nevada (the “Court”) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”), Chapters 78 or 92A of the NRS or our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or our Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, each of these clauses (i) through (iv) will not apply to any claim (x) as to which the Court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court within ten (10) days following such determination), (y) for which the Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (z) which is vested in the jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court, including pursuant to Section 27 of the Exchange Act, which provides for federal jurisdiction over suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), provides for concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and as such the jurisdiction clauses set forth above would not apply to such suits.
