Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Lulu'S Fashion Lounge Holdings, Inc.. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.13pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.07pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.33pp
Lean +
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+11
exposed+4
fail+3
difficult+3
inaccurate+3
Positive rising
opportunities+4
able+3
profitability+3
enabled+2
successfully+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
30,791 words
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties including these described below. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks or others not specified below materialize, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business depends on our ability to maintain a strong community around the Lulus brand with engaged customers and influencers. We may not be able to maintain and enhance our existing brand community if we receive customer , publicity or otherwise to live up to consumers’ expectations, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
limitations+2
breakage+2
loss+1
terminated+1
force+1
Positive rising
benefit+4
effective+2
enable+2
satisfaction+1
beautiful+1
MD&A (Item 7)
7,622 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current plans, expectations and beliefs involving risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other factors set forth in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Discussion of the year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.
Overview
Lulu’s Fashion Lounge Holdings, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“Lulus”, “we”, “our”, or the “Company”) is a women’s clothing brand offering modern, feminine styles at accessible prices for every occasion. Our goal is to make every customer feel their most confident and beautiful for the moments that matter most. Lulus primarily serves a large, diverse community of Gen Z and Millennial women, who typically meet us in their 20s and stay with us through their 30s and beyond. We use direct customer feedback and insights to refine product offerings and elevate the customer experience. Lulus’ world-class personal stylists, bridal concierge, and customer care team provide thoughtful, personalized service to shoppers around the world .
We believe that maintaining our brand image, particularly with our core target customers, is important to maintaining and expanding our customer base and sales. Maintaining and enhancing our brand image may require us to make additional investments in areas such as merchandising, marketing, online operations, online displays and other promotions, and employee training. These investments may be substantial and may not ultimately be successful. If we are unable to maintain or enhance our brand image, brand awareness, and reputation, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Our ability to identify new styles and maintain and enhance our existing brand is critical to retaining and expanding our base of customers. A significant portion of our customers’ experience depends on third parties outside of our control, including suppliers and logistics providers such as UPS and the U.S. Postal Service. If these third parties do not meet our or our customers’ expectations or if they increase their rates, our business may sufferirreparabledamage or our costs may increase. In addition, maintaining and enhancing relationships with third-party brands may require us to make substantial investments, and these investments may not be successful. Also, if we fail to promote and maintain our brand, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, financial condition, and
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results of operations may be materially adversely affected. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining, and enhancing our brand may become increasingly difficult and expensive.
Customer complaints or negative publicity about our website or mobile app, products, merchandise quality, product delivery times, customer data handling and security practices or customer support, especially on social media, blogs, and in reviews, could rapidly and severelydiminish consumer use of our website or mobile app and customer and supplier confidence in us, and result in harm to our brand. We believe that much of the growth in our customer base to date has originated from word-of-mouth, including social media and our influencer-driven marketing strategy. If we are not able to develop and maintain positive relationships with our network of influencers or our online customer community, our ability to promote and maintain or enhance awareness of Lulus and leverage social media platforms to drive visits to www.lulus.com or our mobile app may be adversely affected.
Our efforts to acquire or retain customers may not be successful, which could prevent us from maintaining or increasing our sales.
Our success depends on our ability to acquire customers in a cost-effective manner. Customer expectations and the associated competitive pressures have increased, and in order to expand our customer base, we must appeal to and acquire customers who have historically used other means of commerce in shopping for apparel and may prefer alternatives to our offerings, such as traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and the websites and mobile apps of our competitors. We have made significant investments related to customer acquisition and expect to continue to spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers. For example, we engage in social media marketing campaigns and maintain relationships with thousands of social media and celebrity influencers. Such campaigns can be expensive and may not result in cost-effective acquisition of customers. We also continue to invest in AI and generative AI technologies to enhance our customers’ shopping experience. We cannot assure that the benefit of acquiring new customers will exceed the cost. If we fail to deliver a quality shopping experience, or if consumers do not perceive the products we offer to be of high value and quality, we may not be able to acquire new customers. If we are unable to acquire or retain customers who purchase products in numbers sufficient to grow our business, we may not be able to generate the scale necessary to drive beneficial network effects with our suppliers, our net revenue may decrease, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We also seek to engage with our customers and build awareness of our brands through sponsoring unique events and experiences, such as in-person influencer events or pop-ups, which are experiences we create for our customers and influencers. We anticipate that our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive as competition increases and generating a meaningful return on those initiatives may be difficult. If our marketing efforts are not successful in promoting awareness of our brands and products, driving customer engagement or attracting new customers, or if we are not able to effectively manage our marketing expenses, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be adversely affected.
We obtain a significant amount of traffic via social networking platforms or other third-party online channels used by our current and prospective customers. As e-commerce and social networking platforms continue to rapidly evolve, we must continue to maintain and establish relationships with these channels and may be unable to develop or maintain these relationships on acceptable terms. These third-party platforms may unilaterally and with little or no notice change, among other things, their algorithms, policies, fee structures, content moderation rules, data access, and programs in ways that could, among other things, increase our customer acquisition costs, or otherwise diminish the effectiveness and economics of our efforts. Our participation on these platforms also exposes us to certain operational and reputational risks. We have in the past, and may again in the future, encounter counterfeit or unauthorized sellers offering similar or infringing products at lower prices, which could impact, among other things, our pricing and brand equity.
Many platforms are now using some form of AI shopping features, some using generative and agentic AI, to recommend or complete shopping journeys, and we may not support or be discovered by all of these new uses. We also acquire and retain customers through paid search/product listing ads, paid social, retargeting, affiliate marketing, personalized email, direct mail marketing and in-person experiences. The recent introduction of AI and large language models (LLMs) within search and other marketing channels may change consumer search behavior and our ability to cost effectively acquire and retain customers. For example, in March 2025, Google introduced an experimental AI mode within its search platform and other platforms have or may in the future launch similar functionality. If we are unable to adapt to this and similar changes, our net sales growth and profitability may be adversely affected. If we are unable to cost-effectively drive traffic to our website or mobile app, our ability to acquire new customers and our financial condition would suffer.
We may be unable to maintain a high level of engagement with our customers and increase their spending with us, which could harm our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations .
A high proportion of our net revenue comes from repeat purchases by existing customers, especially those existing customers who are highly engaged and purchase a significant amount of merchandise from us. If existing customers no longer find our merchandise
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appealing, they may make fewer purchases and may stop shopping with us. Even if our existing customers find our merchandise appealing, if customer buying preferences change, they may decide to purchase less merchandise over time. Additionally, if customers who purchase a significant amount of merchandise from us were to make fewer purchases or stop shopping with us, then our sales may decline. We experienced a decrease in the number of Active Customers in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024. A continued decrease in the number of our Active Customers or a decrease in their spending on the merchandise we offer could negatively impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations. Further, we believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to increase sales to our existing customers over time and, if we are unable to do so, our business may suffer.
Our success depends on our ability to anticipate, identify, measure, and respond quickly to new and rapidly changing fashion trends, customer preferences and demands and other factors.
Our core market of apparel, footwear, and accessories for women is subject to new and rapidly changing fashion trends, constantly evolving consumer preferences and demands, and a modest brand loyalty. Accordingly, our success is dependent on our ability to anticipate, identify, measure and respond to the latest fashion trends and customer demands, and to translate such trends and demands into appropriate, desirable product offerings in a timely manner. A select team of our employees is primarily responsible for performing this analysis and making initial product decisions, and they rely on feedback on fashion trends from a variety of sources, which may not accurately predict evolving fashion trends. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react swiftly and appropriately to new and changing styles, trends or desired customer preferences or to accurately anticipate and forecast demand for certain product offerings is likely to lead to lower demand for our merchandise, which could cause, among other things, sales declines, excess inventories, a greater number of markdowns and lower margins.
Further, if we are not able to anticipate, identify and respond to changing fashion trends and customer preferences, we may lose customers and market share to our competitors who are able to better anticipate, identify and respond to such trends and preferences. In addition, because our success depends on our brand image, our business could be materially adversely affected if new product offerings are not accepted by our customers. We cannot assure investors that our new product offerings will be met with the same level of acceptance as our past product offerings or that we will be able to adequately respond to fashion trends or the preferences of our customers in a timely manner or at all. If we do not accurately anticipate, identify, forecast, or analyze fashion trends and sales levels, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
We rely on third parties to drive traffic to our platform, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Our success depends on our ability to attract customers cost effectively. With respect to our marketing channels, we rely heavily on relationships with providers of online services, search engines, social media, directories, and other websites and e-commerce businesses to provide content, advertising banners, and other links that direct customers to our websites and retail store. We rely on these relationships to provide significant traffic to our website. In particular, we rely primarily on digital platforms, such as Google and Meta, as important marketing channels. Digital channels change their algorithms periodically, and our rankings in organic searches and visibility in social media feeds may be adversely affected by those changes, as has occurred from time to time, requiring us to increase our spending on paid marketing to offset the loss in traffic. Search engine companies may also determine that we are not in compliance with their guidelines and consequently penalize us in their algorithms as a result. Even with an increase in marketing spend to offset any loss in search engine optimization traffic as a result of algorithm changes, the recovery period in organic traffic may span multiple quarters or years. If digital platforms change or penalize us with their algorithms, terms of service, display and featuring of search results, or if competition increases for advertisements, we may be unable to cost-effectively attract customers.
Additionally, third-party AI tools and platforms are rapidly evolving and may change traffic patterns, search visibility, or shopping behavior in ways that we cannot predict or fully support. In recent years, a shift in customer search behavior has started, with an increasing number of individuals transitioning from traditional search engines like Google to AI platform answer engines such as ChatGPT and Copilot for certain types of queries. This transition stems from the way AI tools can effectively address certain questions that users once turned to search engines to answer. This evolution in how people are seeking information, even if often complementing, rather than replacing, the kinds of customer searches we typically focus on, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our relationships with digital platforms are not covered by long-term contractual agreements and do not require any specific performance commitments. These third-party platforms may unilaterally and with little or no notice change, among other things, their algorithms, policies, fee structures, content moderation rules, data access, the types of information we can use for targeted advertising, and programs in ways that could, among other things, increase our customer acquisition costs, or otherwise diminish the effectiveness and economics of our efforts. In addition, many of the platforms and agencies with whom we have advertising arrangements provide advertising services to other companies, including retailers with whom we compete. As competition for online
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advertising has increased, the cost for some of these services has also increased. A significant increase in the cost of the marketing providers upon which we rely could adversely impact our ability to attract customers cost effectively and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Also, our ability to connect with customers remains highly reliant on key digital platforms. For example, we have cultivated a significant presence on TikTok, particularly among Gen Z customers, making any potential restriction or ban of this platform a considerable risk to maintaining that connection, engaging with customers and promoting our brand. Government actions, regulatory changes, or disruptions targeting specific platforms or their parent companies, such as TikTok, including potential bans, limitations on app store availability, forceddivestitures, or heightened data-privacy and content-moderation requirements, could impair or eliminate our access to certain platforms, reduce user engagement, affect our ability to reach new customers or necessitate costly changes to our operations and technology. Increased scrutiny of endorsements and influencer advertising, data collection and cross-border data transfers, and AI–driven recommendations may also lead to new compliance obligations, enforcement actions, fines, or litigation, including class actions and claims under consumer protection, privacy, advertising, or intellectual property laws. If we or our influencers fail to comply with applicable platform terms or legal requirements, we could face account suspensions, content removals, monetization limits, or termination.
Certain of our key operating metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.
We track certain key operating metrics using internal data analytics tools, which have certain limitations. In addition, we rely on data received from third parties, including third-party platforms, to track certain performance indicators. We also aggregate and collate the data for analysis and reporting which is subject to error or unintendedmistakes. Data from both such sources may include information subject to errors or unintendedmistakes relating to fraudulent accounts and interactions with our sites or the social media accounts of our influencers (including as a result of the use of bots or other automated or manual mechanisms to generate false impressions that are delivered through our sites or their accounts). We have only limited abilities to verify data from our sites or third parties and perpetrators of fraudulent impressions may change their tactics and may become more sophisticated, which would make it still more difficult to detect such activity.
Our methodologies for tracking metrics may also change over time, which could result in changes to the metrics we report. If we undercount or overcount performance due to the internal data analytics tools we use, issues with the data received from third parties, errors or unintendedmistakes, or if our internal data analytics tools contain algorithmic or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate or comparable with prior periods.
In addition, limitations, changes or errors with respect to how we measure data may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer-term strategies. If our performance metrics are not accurate representations of the reach or monetization of our brand, if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics or the data on which such metrics are based, or if we can no longer calculate any of our key performance metrics with a sufficient degree of accuracy and cannot find an adequate replacement for the metric, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Use of social media, influencers, affiliate marketing, email, SMS, podcast advertisements, promotional partnerships and direct mail may adversely impact our brand and reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.
We use social media including Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, TikTok, X, Threads, and YouTube, as well as affiliate marketing, email, SMS, podcast advertisements, promotional partnerships and direct mail as part of our multi-channel approach to marketing, and we encourage our customers to use social media while shopping. We utilize various marketing-related contests and giveaways that are subject to applicable laws. We also maintain relationships with thousands of social media influencers, who serve as our brand ambassadors, and engage in sponsorship initiatives. Laws and regulations governing the use of these platforms and other digital marketing channels are rapidly evolving. It may become more difficult for us or our partners to comply with such laws, and future data privacy laws and regulations or industry standards may restrict or limit our ability to use some or all of the marketing strategies on which we currently rely. The failure by us, our employees or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms could adversely impact our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties. In addition, our employees or third parties acting at our direction, including our large network of social media brand ambassadors, may knowingly or inadvertently make use of social media in ways that could lead to the loss or infringement of intellectual property, as well as the public disclosure of proprietary, confidential or sensitive personal information of our business, employees, customers, or others. Any such inappropriate use of social media tools could also cause business interruptions and reputational damage.
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Customers value readily available information concerning retailers and their goods and services and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. Information concerning us, whether accurate or not, may be posted on social media platforms at any time and may have a disproportionatelyadverse impact on our brand, reputation, or business. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, an increase in the use of social media for product promotion and marketing may cause an increase in the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. For example, in some cases, the FTC has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship between an influencer and an advertiser.
Negative commentary regarding us, our products, or influencers and other third parties who are affiliated with us may also be posted on social media platforms and may have an adverse impact to our reputation or business. Influencers with whom we maintain relationships could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our customers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target customers often value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
If we are unable to continue connecting with our target customer base through effective marketing channels, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We utilize a diverse array of marketing channels to engage our audience and drive traffic to our platform. These channels include organic content creation, affiliate marketing, email campaigns, SMS outreach, direct mail, paid search, social media marketing, and integrated brand campaigns designed to build awareness and deepen customer engagement. We also maintain promotional and strategic partnerships to extend our reach across multiple consumer touchpoints, including digital, out-of-home, and connected media formats.
This multi-channel approach is intended to reduce reliance on any single marketing channel and provide flexibility in an evolving media landscape. However, despite these efforts, our ability to effectively reach and engage customers remains significantly dependent on key digital platforms and third-party marketing channels. Changes in platform algorithms, advertising policies, pricing structures, audience behavior, or platform performance could reduce the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and increase customer acquisition costs.
In addition, the digital platforms we rely on are dependent on third-party mobile operating systems and infrastructure, including iOS and Android, which we do not control. Changes to operating system policies, privacy frameworks, data-sharing practices, or attribution capabilities could limit our ability to target, measure, and optimize marketing campaigns, potentially impacting traffic, conversion rates, and overall marketing efficiency.
Our marketing effectiveness may also be affected by increased competition for consumer attention, rising media costs, reduced effectiveness of paid channels, or shifts in consumer preferences that diminish engagement with existing formats or platforms. If we are unable to adapt our marketing strategies, messaging, or channel mix in response to these changes, our ability to acquire new customers, retain existing customers, and support our growth objectives could be adversely affected.
We may not accurately forecast income and appropriately plan our expenses.
We base our current and future expense levels on our operating forecasts and estimates of future income. Income and results of operations are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume, timing and value of the orders we receive, and return rates, all of which are uncertain. In addition, we cannot be certain that the same growth rates, trends and other key performance metrics are meaningful predictors of future growth. Additionally, our business is affected by general economic and business conditions around the world, competition, shifting trends and changes in consumer preferences. The rapid changes and uncertainty in global trade practices, including tariff rates, make it difficult to predict sales, inventory levels and gross margin could result in significant fluctuations in our net sales, margins and profitability from period-to-period.
Our operating expenses and investments are based on future estimates of net revenue, and we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpecteddeviation from our sales forecast. This inability could cause our net income/(loss) after tax in a given quarter to be higher or lower than expected. We also make certain assumptions when forecasting the amount of expense we expect related to our future share based payments, which includes the expected volatility of our share price and
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the expected life of share awards granted. These assumptions are partly based on historical results. If actual results differ from our estimates, our net income in a given quarter may be lower than expected or our net loss in a given quarter may be higher than expected.
Our ability to accurately forecast and plan expenses could be adversely impacted by a number of third-party factors outside of our control, including, but not limited to, supply chain- and transportation-related costs. Although we are able to update our forecasts and estimates based on current data and modify the pricing of our products accordingly, there is often a lag before such modified pricing is reflected in our operating results, and there is a limit to how much of any third-party cost increase we can pass onto our customers. Any such limits may adversely affect our results of operations.
If we fail to provide high-quality customer support or have significant changes to policies and/or services, third party or otherwise, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our ongoing customer support is important to the successful marketing and sale of our merchandise. Providing this support requires that our customer support personnel have fashion, retail, technical, and other knowledge and expertise, making it difficult for us to hire qualified personnel and scale our support operations. The demand on our customer support organization will increase as we expand our business and pursue new customers, and such increased support could require us to devote significant development services and support personnel, which could strain our team and infrastructure and reduce our profit margins. If we are unable to hire and retain customer support personnel capable of consistently providing customer support at a high level, as demonstrated by their enthusiasm for our culture, understanding of our customers, and knowledge of the merchandise that we offer, our ability to expand our business may be impaired. Further, i f we do not help our customers quickly resolve issues and provide effective ongoing customer support, our ability to sell additional merchandise to existing and future customers could suffer and our reputation would be harmed. If we modify our customer service policies or services, this may result in customer dissatisfaction and our ability to expand our business may be impaired. Our customer experience also depends on the availability and performance of third-party platforms and technologies we use to support customers. Any outages, disruptions, or performance issues affecting these systems could negatively impact our ability to support customers in a timely and effective manner. If we incorporate AI and automation into our customer support tools, we may be exposed to risks related to system accuracy, reliability, data handling, or evolving regulatory expectations, which could adversely affect the customer experience and our business.
Changes in international trade regulation, including increases in tariff rates and the imposition of additional tariffs, could increase our costs and adversely impact our business.
Due to our international sourcing activities, we are exposed to risks associated with changes in the laws and regulations governing the importing of products into the U.S. A predominant portion of the merchandise we sell is originally manufactured in countries other than the U.S., including China and Mexico. International trade disputes that result in increases in tariff rates, the implementation of new tariffs and other protectionist or retaliatory measures could adversely affect our business, including disruption and cost increases in our established patterns for sourcing our merchandise and increased uncertainties in planning our sourcing strategies and forecasting our margins. For example, since February 2025, the U.S. government has imposed incremental tariffs on most goods imported from China. At various points in 2025, the total tariff rate on our goods imported from China reached 152.5%. These tariffs are in addition to a pre-existing Section 301 tariff of 7.5% and baseline Harmonized Tariff Schedule, or HTS, tariffs, which vary by product. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court of the U.S. ruled against President Trump's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”), to impose tariffs on global trade partners, effective immediately. The impact of this decision on previous tariffs that we have paid is undetermined while the case is returned to the Court of International Trade for reconsideration in accordance with the Supreme Court ruling. Following the Supreme Court ruling, the U.S. announced new 10% global tariffs under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 effective February 24, 2026 for a period of 150 days.
Heightened tariffs, particularly on Chinese goods, directly impact our owned brand products and, to a lesser extent, a limited number of third-party branded products. If U.S. tariffs on China or other countries from which we source products are reinstated or are increased further, it may increase our cost of sales and may also increase the price of our products. We are working with our current suppliers to mitigate our exposure to current or potential tariffs and seeking opportunities to engage other suppliers, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to offset any increased costs or secure other suppliers. It is also possible one or more of these suppliers may sufferdisruptions in their business or experience significant increases in the cost of their goods or services sold due to factors beyond their control, including changes in the import and export policies, including trade restrictions, new or increased tariffs, sanctions and countersanctions. Further, we may have to increase prices for our customers, which could reduce the competitiveness of our products and adversely affect customer demand and sales.
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These and future changes in trade policy may adversely impact the macroeconomic environment, consumer sentiment and international demand if consumers outside of the U.S. boycott U.S. retailers. If we are not able to adjust our inventory levels and our inventory assortment in response to reduced customer demand, our gross margin may be adversely impacted.
In addition to the general uncertainty and overall risk from potential changes in trade laws and policies, as we make business decisions in the face of such uncertainty, we may incorrectly anticipate the outcomes, miss out on business opportunities, or fail to effectively adapt our business strategies and manage the adjustments that are necessary in response to those changes. These risks could adversely affect our revenues, reduce our profitability, and negatively impact our business.
A growing portion of our revenue is derived from wholesale partners, and changes in our relationships with, or the loss of, wholesale partners could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
We have entered into a number of wholesale partnerships and intend to continue growing these initiatives. If any major wholesale partner decreases or ceases its purchases from us, cancels its orders, delays or defaults on its payment obligations to us, reduces the floor space, assortments, or advertising for our products or changes its manner of doing business with us for any reason, such as due to store closures, decreased foot traffic, inflationary pressures or recession, such actions could adversely affect our business and financial condition. In addition, competition between our wholesale partners may impact the prices at which they sell our products, thereby impacting the prices at which they are willing to buy products from us. Further, a decline in the performance or financial condition of a major wholesale customer—including bankruptcy or liquidation—could result in an adverse impact on revenue and require us to assume more credit risk relating to our receivables from that partner or limit our ability to collect amounts related to previous purchases by that partner. Any of these changes could also decrease our opportunities in the market and could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is affected by seasonality, which could result in fluctuations in our results of operations.
We experience fluctuations in aggregate sales volume during the year. Historically, our net revenue has typically been highest in our second fiscal quarter and lowest in our fourth fiscal quarter. The seasonality of our business has resulted in variability in our total net revenue quarter-to-quarter. In addition, our customers may change their order patterns and buying habits, including frequency of purchase and/or number of items per order. As a result, we may not be able to accurately predict our quarterly sales. Accordingly, our results of operations are likely to fluctuate significantly from period to period. This seasonality, along with other factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions, changes in consumer preferences, weather conditions, including the effects of climate change, the availability of import quotas, transportation disruptions and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, could adversely affect our business and cause our results of operations to fluctuate.
We are subject to payment-related risks that could increase our operating costs, expose us to fraud or theft, subject us to potential liability and potentially disrupt our business.
We accept payments online via credit and debit cards, Lulus gift cards, Lulus online credit, buy now pay later options, and other digital wallet services, which subject us to certain regulations and risk of fraud, and we may in the future offer new payment options to customers that would be subject to additional regulations and risks. We pay interchange and other fees in connection with credit card payments, which may increase over time and adversely affect our results of operations. Certain payment processors may seek to implement reserves against our processed transactions which could negatively impact our cash flows should we continue to offer these payment methods to our customers. While we use third parties to process credit and debit card payments, we are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and rules governing electronic funds transfers. If we fail to comply with applicable rules (such as the PCI DSS 4.0 requirements) and regulations or experience a security breach involving payment card information, we may be subject to fines, assessments and/or higher transaction fees and may lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions. Further, payment card associations and/or payment gateways have implemented requirements to engage a Qualified Security Assessor (QSA) or Internal Security Assessor (ISA) to validate our compliance with certain requirements. If we fail to successfully complete such validation or fail to comply with these requirements, we may be unable to complete our annual PCI compliance, which could result in rejection by payment processors, fines from payment card associations, increased transaction fees, or loss of our ability to accept credit card payments, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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Our cash could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash fail.
We maintain domestic cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured banks. The domestic bank deposit balances may exceed the FDIC insurance limits. These balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions in which we deposit money fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets.
We may incur significant losses from customer and/or credit card fraud and theft.
We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses from various types of fraud and theft, including stolen credit card numbers, claims that a customer did not authorize a purchase, merchant fraud, and customers who have closed bank accounts or have insufficient funds in open bank accounts to satisfy payments, and any such losses may be significant. In addition to the direct costs of such losses, if the fraud is related to credit card transactions and becomes excessive, it could potentially result in us paying higher fees or losing the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, under current credit card practices, we are liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder’s signature. Although we have measures in place to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activity, those measures may not always be effective. Our failure to adequately prevent fraudulent transactions and theft could damage our reputation, result in litigation or regulatory action and lead to expenses that could substantially impact our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
We have outstanding borrowings and we may incur additional indebtedness in the future, which may require us to use a portion of our cash flow to service debt and limit our financial and operating flexibility.
On August 14, 2025, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC, as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “2025 Credit Agreement”). The 2025 Credit Agreement is comprised of an asset-based revolving credit facility with a $20.0 million commitment, a $5.0 million uncommitted accordion and a $1.0 million sublimit for letters of credit. The amount that the Borrowers may borrow under the 2025 Credit Agreement is based on a borrowing base calculated based on advance rates for various assets serving as collateral for the 2025 Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the 2025 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to the 30-day SOFR rate plus 3.95%. The 2025 Credit Agreement is secured by a first-priority security interest in and lien upon all tangible and intangible personal property of the Borrowers now owned or acquired in the future. The 2025 Credit Agreement includes covenants that limit the Borrowers’ ability to incur indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to make certain payments and investments, to engage in transactions with affiliates, to guarantee indebtedness and to sell or otherwise dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with other entities. The 2025 Credit Agreement also includes a financial covenant for minimum excess availability under the 2025 Credit Agreement. It also requires us to maintain lockbox accounts and cash management arrangements under the control of the Administrative Agent, who has full dominion and control over each Collection Account and all Deposit Accounts (except Excluded Accounts) (as such terms are defined in the 2025 Credit Agreement).
As of December 28, 2025, the outstanding borrowing under the 2025 Credit Agreement was $14.4 million in addition to a $0.3 million letter of credit outstanding. After giving effect to the excess availability covenant and the outstanding letter of credit, the unused availability was $1.3 million.
Our borrowing base fluctuates and directly impacts our ability to borrow additional amounts under the 2025 Credit Agreement. The covenants in the 2025 Credit Agreement could limit our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs, or to pursue available business opportunities. Additionally, we may be required to take certain actions that would act in a manner contrary to our business objectives to meet the covenants. Our failure to comply with any of the covenants under our 2025 Credit Agreement could prevent us from being able to draw on the revolving credit facility, cause an event of default under the 2025 Credit Agreement and result in an acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness and various other rights and remedies of the lenders including the sale of the collateral. If our outstanding indebtedness were to be accelerated, we likely would not be able to satisfy all of our obligations under such indebtedness, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks Related to Our Growth
The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, our business may not grow at similar rates, or at all.
Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates which may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to size and expected growth of our target market may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecasts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our business may not grow at similar rates, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties.
Our past results may not be indicative of future results.
Our past results, including periods of rapid growth of our net revenue and profitability and periods of macroeconomic pressure and corresponding decreases in net revenue and profitability, should not be considered as indicative of our future performance. We operate in a rapidly evolving industry that may not develop in a manner favorable to our business. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and challenges we may encounter.
Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to, among other things:
cost-effectively acquire new customers and engage with and retain existing customers;
adequately and effectively staff our distribution facilities;
manage our inventory effectively;
anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes;
increase our market share;
increase consumer awareness of our brand and maintain our reputation;
successfully expand our offering and geographic reach;
offer an assortment of merchandise that is attractive to our customers;
compete effectively;
avoid interruptions in our business from information technology downtime, cybersecurity breaches, or labor stoppages;
effectively manage our growth;
hire, integrate, and retain talented people at all levels of our organization;
maintain the quality of our technology infrastructure;
expand internationally;
develop new features to enhance the customer experience on our sites; and
add new suppliers and deepen our relationships with existing suppliers.
If we fail to address the risks and challenges that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business and our operating results will be adversely affected.
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We have a history of net losses and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
We have incurred net losses for the past three years and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We incurred net losses of $14 million, $55 million, and $19 million in the fiscal years ended December 28, 2025, December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. Even as we try to manage our expenses and expand revenue, these efforts may be more costly than we expect and may not result in increased revenue or growth or margin improvements in our business in the future. Any failure to increase our revenue sufficiently to keep pace with our expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flow on a consistent basis. If we are unable to successfully address these risks and challenges as we encounter them, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth and manage our expenses, we may continue to incur significant losses in the future and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.
We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy.
Our future growth, profitability and cash flows depend upon our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, which, in turn, is dependent upon a number of factors, including our ability to:
grow our brand awareness and attract new customers;
enhance and retain our existing customer relationships; and
pursue international expansion.
We cannot assure that we can successfullyachieve any or all of the above initiatives in the manner or time period that we expect. Further, achieving these objectives will require investments which may result in short-term costs without generating any net revenue and, therefore, may be dilutive to our earnings. We cannot provide any assurance that we will realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits we expect our strategy will achieve. The failure to realize those benefits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may not be able to manage our growth effectively, and such growth may adversely affect our existing resources and cause us to encounter challenges we have not faced before.
We have grown over the years, with our net revenue increasing from $133 million in 2016 to $282 million in 2025, with variability in the years between primarily attributed to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing pent-up demand period followed by a period of macroeconomic pressures and more muted consumer spending. If we experience substantial growth in the future, it may strain our existing infrastructure, including our consolidated distribution facilities, information technology systems, financial controls, merchandising, and operations personnel, and place increased demands on our suppliers, to the extent we increase the size of our merchandise orders. New order delivery times could lengthen as a result of the strains that growth may place on our existing resources, and our growth may make it otherwise difficult for us to respond quickly to changing trends, customer preferences and other factors, which could impair our ability to continue to offer on-trend merchandise and could result in excess inventory, greatermarkdowns, loss of market share and decreased sales which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, our current and planned personnel, systems, procedures, and controls may not be adequate to support and effectively manage any expansion in future operations.
It is also possible that we may not continue to grow as expected, which may result in the need to reduce resources. Any reductions to current personnel, systems, procedures, and controls may not be adequate to support and effectively manage our business and future operations. We have implemented cost reduction measures in recent years that included workforce reductions and we may undertake similar measures in the future. Any such restructuring plans, reductions in force or other cost reduction measures could divert management attention, adversely affect employee morale and turnover, and damage our reputation as an employer, which could increase the difficulty of attracting, retaining and motivating qualified personnel and maintaining our corporate culture. Further, our reduced headcount following such restructuring plans and any further turnover may increase the difficulty of executing on our plans, including due to the loss of historical, technical or other expertise, and challenges of covering leaves of absence with a reduced headcount, which may have an adverse effect on our business, prospects and results of operations.
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As we continue to pursue our international growth strategy, our success will largely depend on our ability to manage the unique challenges presented by international markets.
We intend to continue to sell products to customers located outside the U.S. Further, we may establish additional relationships in other countries to grow our operations. The substantial up-front investment required, the lack of consumer awareness of our products in jurisdictions outside of the U.S., differences in consumer preferences and trends between the U.S. and other jurisdictions, the risk of inadequate intellectual property protections and differences in packaging, labeling, privacy, consumer protection, advertising, ESG and related laws, rules and regulations are all substantial matters that need to be evaluated prior to doing business in new territories. We cannot assure that our international efforts will be successful. International sales and increased international operations may be subject to risks such as:
burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws and regulations, including more stringent regulations relating to data privacy and security, particularly in the EU;
adverse tax effects and foreign exchange controls making it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash;
political, economic instability, terrorism and wars;
global macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, labor shortages, supply chain shortages, or other economic, political or legal uncertainties or adverse developments;
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
natural disasters;
trade restrictions;
differing employment practices and laws and labor disruptions;
differing consumer protection and product laws;
the imposition of government controls;
an inability to use or to obtain adequate intellectual property protection for our key brands and products;
tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies;
a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption;
a business culture in which illegal sales practices may be prevalent;
logistics and sourcing;
military conflicts; and
acts of terrorism.
The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our overall business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Industry
The global apparel industry is subject to intense pricing pressure.
The apparel industry is characterized by low barriers to entry for both suppliers and marketers, global sourcing through suppliers located throughout the world, trade liberalization, continuing movement of product sourcing to lower cost countries, regular promotional activity and the ongoing emergence of new competitors with widely varying strategies and resources. These factors have contributed,
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and may continue to contribute in the future, to intense pricing pressure and uncertainty throughout the supply chain. Pricing pressure has been exacerbated by the availability of raw materials in recent years. Additionally, the imposition or increase in tariffs, inflation and supply chain constraints could increase pricing pressure on our business. This pressure could have adverse effects on our business and financial condition, including:
reduced gross margins across our product lines and distribution channels;
increased supplier demands for allowances, incentives, and other forms of economic support; and
increased pressure on us to reduce our product costs and operating expenses.
We operate in the highly competitive retail apparel industry, and the size and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can, which could adversely impact our growth and market share, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We operate in the highly competitive retail apparel industry. We compete on the basis of a combination of factors, including our quality, concept, price, breadth, and style of merchandise, as well as our online experience and level of customer service, our brand image, and our ability to anticipate, identify and respond to new and changing fashion trends and customer demands. While we believe that we compete primarily with national and international apparel retailers and e-commerce businesses that specialize in women’s apparel, footwear, and accessories, we also face competition from foreign e-commerce platforms, national and regional department stores, specialty retailers, fast-fashion retailers, value retailers, and mass merchants. In addition, our expansion into markets served by our competitors and entry of new competitors or expansion of existing competitors into our markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We also compete with a wide variety of large and small retailers and e-commerce businesses for customers, suppliers, influencers and personnel. The competitive landscape we face, particularly among apparel retailers, is subject to rapid change as new competitors emerge and existing competitors change their offerings. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to continue to compete successfully and navigate the shifts in the competitive landscape in our markets.
Many of our existing and potential competitors are, and many of our potential competitors may be, larger and have greater name recognition and access to greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. Therefore, these competitors may be able to adapt to changes in trends and customer desires more quickly, devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their products, generate greater brand recognition or adopt more aggressive pricing policies than we can. Many of our competitors also utilize advertising and marketing media which we have not historically used, including advertising via newspapers, magazines, and television, which may provide them with greater brand recognition than we have. As a result, we may lose market share, which could reduce our sales and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our competitors may also sell certain products or substantially similar products for prolonged promotional periods through online and also through outlet centers or discount stores, increasing the competitive pressure for those products. We cannot assure investors that we will continue to be able to compete successfullyagainst existing or future competitors. Our expansion into markets served by our competitors and entry of new competitors or expansion of existing competitors into our markets could have a material adverse effect on us. Competitive forces and pressures may intensify as our presence in the retail marketplace grows.
We do not possess exclusive rights to many of the elements that comprise our online experience and merchandise offerings. Some apparel retailers offer a personalized shopping experience that in certain ways is similar to the one we strive to provide to our customers. Our competitors may seek to emulate facets of our business strategy, including “test, learn, and reorder,” speed-to-market and online experience, which could result in a reduction of any competitive advantage or special appeal that we might possess. In addition, some of our merchandise offerings are sold to us on a non-exclusive basis. As a result, our current and future competitors, especially those with greater financial, marketing, or other resources, may be able to duplicate or improve upon some or all of the elements of our online experience or merchandise offerings that we believe are important in differentiating our website and our customers’ shopping experience. If our competitors were to duplicate or improve upon some or all of the elements of our online experience or product offerings, our competitive position could suffer, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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We rely on consumer discretionary spending and may be adversely affected by economic downturns and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.
Our business and results of operations are subject to global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. Customer purchases of discretionary retail items and specialty retail products, which include our apparel, footwear, and accessories, may be adversely affected by economic conditions such as employment levels, salary and wage levels, the availability of customer credit, inflation, high interest rates, high tax rates, high fuel prices, increased tariffs and global trade instability, and customer confidence with respect to current and future economic conditions. Customer purchases may decline during recessionary periods or at other times when unemployment is higher, fuel prices are higher or disposable income is lower. During 2023, 2024, and 2025, we experienced reductions in net revenue due to challenging macroeconomic conditions where consumers generally lowered their spending levels. These risks may be exacerbated for retailers like us that focus significantly on selling discretionary fashion merchandise to customers who seek value. Customer willingness to make discretionary purchases may decline, may stall or may be slow to increase due to national and regional economic conditions.
Our sales may be particularly susceptible to economic and other conditions in certain regions, states or countries. Considerable uncertainty and volatility remains in the national and global economy, and any further or future slowdowns or disruptions in the economy could adversely affect online shopping traffic and customer discretionary spending and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Merchandise and Inventory
If we are not able to successfully maintain our desired merchandise assortment or manage our inventory effectively, we may be unable to attract a sufficient number of customers or sell sufficient quantities of our merchandise, which could result in excess inventories, markdowns, and foregone sales.
We offer our customers a broad merchandise assortment with new styles introduced virtually every day in small batches. This enables us to learn about customer demand using our proprietary reorder algorithm, which allows us to reorder best selling products in higher volume. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to continue to stock a broad assortment of merchandise at our current frequency. If we are unable to offer a broad merchandise assortment or manage our inventory effectively, customers may choose to visit our website less frequently, our brand could be impaired, we could lose sales, and our ability to compete successfully and our market share may decline. Further, any failure to manage our merchandise assortment or deficiencies in product testing may result in inaccurate demand forecasting and could lead to excess inventories which could result in higher markdowns. We have experienced logistics issues that have adversely affected our ability to manage our inventory in the past and may experience such issues in the future. If we are unable to identify the appropriate products to reorder in higher volume or successfully manage our desired merchandise assortment, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our ability to obtain merchandise on a timely basis at competitive prices could suffer as a result of any deterioration or change in our supplier relationships or events that adversely affect our suppliers or their ability to obtain financing for their operations.
We have many important supplier relationships. We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. Instead, we purchase nearly all of our merchandise from third-party suppliers. During 2025, our top nine suppliers accounted for approximately 50% of our purchases, with no single supplier accounting for more than approximately 9.0% of our purchases. Our business and financial performance depend in large part on our ability to evaluate merchandise quickly for style and then modify if needed or to improve the quality, look, and fit of the item. We must also be able to quickly source merchandise and place orders in order to successfully execute our strategy of rapidly responding to evolving fashion trends. Merchandise may not be available to meet our fashion needs on a timely basis, at competitive prices, or at all. Due to the nature of our product strategy, we do not have long-term commitments with any of our suppliers, and we generally operate without any contractual assurances of continued supply, pricing, or access to new products. Our standard terms and conditions do not commit us or our suppliers to any particular quantities, which are established on a purchase order basis.
Our supplier relationships, and therefore our business, could be materially adversely affected if our suppliers:
raise the prices they charge us;
change pricing terms to require us to pay upfront or upon delivery;
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reduce our access to styles, brands, and merchandise by entering into broad exclusivity arrangements with our competitors or otherwise in the marketplace;
sell similar merchandise to our competitors with similar or better pricing, many of whom already purchase merchandise in significantly greater volume and, in some cases, at lower prices than we do;
lengthen their lead times;
decrease the quality of their merchandise;
initiate or expand sales of apparel, footwear, and accessories to retail customers directly through their own stores, catalogs, or on the internet and compete with us directly; or
otherwise choose to discontinue selling merchandise to us.
The success of our business is driven in part by the price-value proposition we offer our customers. If the costs of the raw materials, for example cotton, synthetics, and trim, or other inputs, such as energy costs or prevailing wages, used in producing our merchandise increase, our suppliers may look to pass these cost increases along to us. The price and availability of such raw materials may fluctuate significantly, depending on many factors which are outside of our control, including commodity prices, crop yields, and weather patterns. In addition, the costs of other inputs are also outside of our control. If our suppliers attempt to pass any cost increases on to us and we refuse to pay the increases, we could lose those suppliers, resulting in the risk that we could not fill our purchase orders in a timely manner or at all. If we pay the increases, we could either attempt to raise retail prices for our merchandise, which could adversely affect our sales and our brand image, or choose not to raise prices, which could adversely affect the profitability of our merchandise sales. As a result, any increase in the cost of raw materials or other inputs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We historically have established good working relationships with many suppliers, some of which have more limited resources, production capacities and operating histories than others. Market and economic events that adversely impact our suppliers could impair our ability to obtain merchandise in sufficient quantities. Such events include difficulties or problems associated with our suppliers’ business, finances, ability to import or ship merchandise as a result of strikes, labor disruptions or other events, costs, production, insurance, and reputation. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to acquire desired merchandise in sufficient quantities on acceptable terms or at all in the future, especially if we need significantly greater amounts of inventory in connection with the growth of our business, or that we will be able to get such merchandise delivered to our distribution facilities on a timely basis. We may need to develop new relationships, as our current suppliers may be unable to supply us with needed quantities and we may not be able to find similar merchandise on the same terms. If we are unable to acquire suitable merchandise in sufficient quantities, at acceptable prices with adequate delivery times due to the loss of or a deterioration or change in our relationship with one or more of our key suppliers or if events harmful to our suppliers occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If new trade restrictions are imposed or existing trade restrictions become more burdensome, our ability to source imported merchandise efficiently and cost effectively could be materially adversely affected.
A majority of our inventory is produced by foreign manufacturers, including those based in China, which is either directly imported by domestic importers or imported by us from foreign suppliers. While we believe this is the best strategic business model for the time being, our dependence on foreign supply sources is subject to risks associated with international trade conflicts, particularly with respect to export and import controls and laws, global sourcing and manufacturing which could result in disruptions to our operations.
Suppliers, to the extent they obtain merchandise from outside of the U.S., are subject to trade restrictions, including tariffs, safeguards, or quotas, changes to which could increase the cost or reduce the supply of merchandise available to us. For example, since February 2025, the U.S. government has imposed incremental tariffs on most goods imported from China. In addition, U.S. tariffs on goods imported from certain other countries included an incremental reciprocal tariff of 10% imposed since April 2025. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled against President Trump's use of IEEPA, to impose tariffs on global trade partners, effective immediately. The impact of this decision on previous tariffs paid is undetermined while the case is returned to the Court of International Trade for reconsideration in accordance with the Supreme Court ruling.
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Heightened tariffs, particularly on Chinese goods, directly impact our owned brand products and, to a lesser extent, a limited number of third-party branded products. If U.S. tariffs on China or other countries from which we or our suppliers source products are reinstated or are increased further, it may increase our cost of sales and may also increase the price of our products. In addition, heightened tariffs may adversely impact our ability to acquire products on acceptable terms and may also adversely impact global logistics, which may result in our inability to purchase sufficient inventory to meet customer demand and in turn materially and adversely impact our sales.
These and other trade restrictions could have a significant impact on our suppliers’ sourcing patterns in the future. The extent of this impact, if any, and the possible effect on our purchasing patterns and costs, cannot be determined at this time. We cannot predict whether any of the countries in which our suppliers’ merchandise is currently manufactured or may be manufactured in the future will be subject to additional trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments, nor can we predict the likelihood, type or effect of any restrictions. Trade restrictions, including increased tariffs or quotas, embargoes, safeguards, and customs restrictions against items we offer, as well as U.S. or foreign labor strikes, work stoppages or boycotts, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of merchandise to our suppliers, and we would expect the costs to be passed along in increased prices to us, which we may be unable to pass on to our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Merchandise returns and damages could harm our business.
We allow our customers to return merchandise, subject to our return policy. If merchandise return economics become more costly, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed. Further, we modify our policies relating to returns or damages from time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of merchandise returns or damaged products. Supplier non-compliance can also result in increased returns or damages. From time to time, our products are damaged or lost in transit or damaged by customers, which can increase return rates and inventory write-offs and harm our brand. Competitive pressures could cause us to alter our shipping policies, which could also result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of merchandise returns or damaged products. Due to our customer friendly return policy and consumer behavior, we have experienced and may in the future experience heightened levels of returns, which have and may continue to negatively impact our operating results and financial position. We have also experienced and may in the future experience increased levels of returns due to changes in consumer shopping behavior and discretionary spending as a result of changes in macroeconomic conditions or consumer confidence, including levels of unemployment, the size and timing of federal stimulus programs, salaries and wage rates, high inflation, high interest rates, recession or fears of recession, housing costs, energy and fuel costs, income tax rates and the timing of tax refunds, consumer perceptions of personal well-being and security, availability of consumer credit and consumer debt levels.
Further, international returns may harm our gross margin if we are unable to successfully recover applicable duties and taxes. For merchandise returned by customers in certain countries, we refund the full amount of the customer’s purchase to the customer, including applicable duties and taxes, and must separately attempt to recover the amount of duties and taxes paid by the customer from the relevant government authority. Our ability to recover such duties and taxes may be limited by country, shipping carrier and other factors.
Risks Related to Our Technology Infrastructure
System security risk issues, including any real or perceived failure to protect confidential or personal information against security breaches and disruption of our internal operations or information technology systems, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
External parties, such as experienced computer programmers and hackers, or even internal users (including both employees and non-employees with authorized access), may be able to penetrate or create systems disruptions or cause shutdowns of our networks, systems and applications or those of third-party companies with which we have contracted to provide services. We collect and use personal information about our employees, customers and others, and sometimes rely upon third-party service providers to maintain or process data on our behalf and to provide security for the information in their possession. Any real or perceived compromise of such information could deter customers from using our platform, subject us to governmental investigations and/or enforcement actions, fines and penalties, litigation, claims and other liabilities, and harm our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, we could incur significant expenses or disruptions of our operations in connection with system failures, timeliness of applying updates to vulnerable systems or other factors within or beyond our control. Such failures or breaches in our information systems could also result in the disclosure, misappropriation, modification or misuse of, or unauthorized access to, our confidential, proprietary, or personal information, disruption of our operations or damage to our networks and systems. An increasing number of websites, including several large internet companies, have disclosedbreaches of their security, some of which have involved increasingly sophisticated and highly targeted attacks on portions of their sites. For example, online businesses have been targeted with attacks aimed at compromising the security of payment card information submitted by customers for
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online purchases, including by injecting malicious code or scripts on website pages or by gainingunauthorized access to payment systems. As an online retailer, we may be targeted with similar attempts.
Although we take steps to protect our networks, systems, applications and data, including the implementation of additional security measures from time to time, we or our service providers may be unable to anticipate, defendagainst, or timely identify and respond to such activity, including but not limited to hacking, malware, viruses, social engineering (such as phishing or other scams), extortion, account takeover attacks, denial or degradation of service attacks, supply chain attacks, computer and network vulnerabilities or the negligence and malfeasance of individuals with authorized access to our data. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we buy or license from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedlyinterfere with the security and operation of the systems. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate security problems, viruses and bugs, or any problems associated with the outsourced services provided to us, could be significant, and efforts to address these problems could result in interruptions, delays or cessation of service that may impede our sales, distribution, or other critical functions and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, many states and countries have enacted laws or regulations that require companies to notify individuals about certain types of security incidents or breaches, and any such disclosures or a failure to disclose may lead to negative publicity and may deter customers from shopping with us or result in a claim that we failed to meet the requirements of applicable regulations. It is also possible that security breaches affecting our competitors or others in our industry could also result in negative publicity that indirectly harms our reputation. Increasing public, industry, and governmental focus on privacy and data security may continue to lead to additional guidance or legislative and regulatory action, and the increased emphasis on privacy may lead customers to request that we take additional measures to enhance security or restrict the manner in which we collect and use customer information to gather insights into customer behavior and craft our marketing programs. As a result, we may have to modify our business systems and practices with the goal of further improving data security, which could result in reduced net revenue, increased expenditures and operating complexity. Any compromise of our security or security breach could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure or damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our existing general liability and cybersecurity insurance may not cover any, or cover only a portion of any, potential claims or expenses related to security breaches that affect us or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all or any portion of liabilities that may be imposed. In addition, we cannot assure investors that the limitations on liability in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities with respect to any particular claim. Any imposition of liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage would increase our operating expenses and reduce our net income, if any, or increase our net loss.
We continually update, augment and add technology systems, which could potentially disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Over the years, we have found a balance between developing proprietary applications that are optimized for and tailored to our business and customers’ needs on the one hand, and best-in-class third-party solutions on the other hand. We periodically evaluate whether our proprietary application solutions can be replaced by either more advanced or more cost effectively scaled third-party solutions. While currently our order and warehouse management systems are developed in-house, when suitable third-party solutions become available, we might replace our internal systems depending on the growth and the demands of the business.
For example, we implemented a data warehouse solution that in near real-time integrates data from our proprietary software applications and third-party software applications to unlock the various data silos and allow for holistic business intelligence analysis and reporting. The actionable insights we have been able to gather from these analytics have allowed us to detect and act on trends sooner, identify improvementopportunities and implement predictive analysis models to gainefficiencies.
Additionally, from time to time, our systems require modifications and updates, including by adding new hardware, software, and applications; maintaining, updating, or replacing legacy programs; and integrating new service providers, and adding enhanced or new functionality. Although we are actively selecting systems, open source software and vendors and implementing procedures to enable us to maintain the integrity of our systems when we modify them, there are inherent risks associated with modifying or replacing systems, and with new or changed relationships, including accurately capturing and maintaining data, realizing the expected benefit of the change and managing the potential disruption of the operation of the systems as the changes are implemented. The failure of our information systems, open source software and the third-party systems we rely on to perform as designed, or our failure to implement and operate them effectively, could disrupt our business or subject us to liability and thereby harm our profitability.
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Further, when integrating or introducing AI and generative AI technologies into our platforms, processes and systems, we may be exposed to new or expanded liabilities and risks due to elevated governmental scrutiny and monitoring, litigation, data privacy risks and compliance issues in a disparate and at times conflicting regulatory environment, all of which could negatively affect our financial performance and business reputation.
The risks associated with the above systems changes, as well as any failure of such systems to operate effectively, could disrupt and adversely impact the promptness and accuracy of our merchandise distribution, transaction processing, financial accounting and reporting, and our internal controls over financial reporting, the efficiency of our operations and our ability to properly forecast earnings and cash requirements. We could be required to make significant additional expenditures to remediate any such failures or problems in the future.
We may not be able to successfully implement these new systems or, if implemented, we may still face unexpecteddisruptions or cost overruns in the future, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely significantly on technology and systems to support our supply chain, payments, financial reporting and other key aspects of our business. Any failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of those systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and brand, financial condition, and results of operations.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our sites, transaction-processing systems and technology infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to acquire and retain customers, as well as maintain adequate customer service levels. Our ability to effectively manage our business depends significantly on our information systems and platforms provided by third parties, which we use primarily to manage items, purchase orders, stock ledgers and allocation and supply chain planning. To manage the growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve and expand our operational and financial systems, transaction processing and internal controls and business processes; in doing so, we could encounter transitional issues and incur substantial additional expenses. If we are unable to maintain our current relationships with these service providers, there is no assurance that we will be able to locate replacements on a timely basis or on acceptable terms. The failure of our information systems to operate effectively, problems with transitioning to upgraded or replacement systems or expanding them, or a breach in security of these systems, could materially adversely affect the promptness and accuracy of our merchandise distribution, transaction processing, financial accounting and reporting, the efficiency of our operations and our ability to properly forecast earnings and cash requirements. We could be required to make significant additional expenditures to remediate any such failure, problem or breach. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Further, we house many of our systems offsite at third-party data centers. Our data centers may be subject to cyber-attacks or other technology-related incidents, and also break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism that could cause disruptions in our ability to serve our customers and protect data. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. The occurrence of a natural disaster, intentionalsabotage or other anticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions to our service. Any errors or vulnerability in our systems or damage to or failure of our systems, or a third-party data center hosting our data, could result in interruptions in our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, we may now and in the future implement new systems to increase efficiencies and profitability. We may encounter transitional issues and incur substantial additional expenses in connection with any implementation or change to existing processes, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business relies heavily on email, SMS and other messaging services, and any restrictions on the sending of emails or messages or an inability to timely deliver such communications could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business is highly dependent upon email, SMS and other messaging services for promoting our brand and platform. We send promotional email and SMS messages and push notifications to inform customers of new products, shipping specials and other offers, and transactional emails and SMS messages to communicate updates to customer orders and returns or to respond to customer outreach. We believe these messages are an important part of our customer experience. If we are unable to successfully deliver emails, SMS or other messages to our subscribers, or if subscribers decline to open or read our messages, our net revenue and profitability would be materially adversely affected. Changes in how web, mail and carrier services block, organize and prioritize messaging may reduce the number of subscribers who receive or open our messages. For example, Google’s Gmail service has a feature that organizes incoming emails into categories (for example, primary, social and promotions). Such categorization or similar inbox organizational features may
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result in our emails being delivered in a less prominent location in a subscriber’s inbox or viewed as “spam” by our subscribers and may reduce the likelihood of that subscriber reading our emails. Actions by third parties to block, impose restrictions on or charge for the delivery of email, SMS or other messages could also adversely impact our business. From time to time, email service providers or other third parties may block bulk email transmissions or otherwise experience technical difficulties that could result in our inability to successfully deliver emails or other messages to customers. Changes in the laws or regulations that limit our ability to send such communications or impose additional requirements upon us in connection with sending such communications would also materially adversely impact our business. Our use of email, SMS and other messaging services to send communications to customers may also result in legal claimsagainst us, which may cause us increased expense, and if successful, might result in fines or orders with costly reporting and compliance obligations or might limit or prohibit our ability to send email, SMS or other messages.
We also rely on social media platforms to communicate with our customers and to encourage our customers to engage with our brand. Changes to the terms of these social media platforms to limit promotional communications or our ability or our customers’ ability to send communications through their services, disruptions or downtime experienced by these social media platforms, or decline in the use of or engagement with social media platforms by consumers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.
We utilize open source software in the applications we have developed to operate our business and will use open source software in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses and is typically freely accessible, usable, and modifiable. Pursuant to such open source licenses, we may be subject to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our proprietary software that incorporates the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. We may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding the release or license of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed from such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or cease offering the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer it to avoid infringement. We also may be required to re-engineer products if the license terms for incorporated open source software change. The re-engineering process of some or all of our software could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully. In addition, use of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software because open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the public availability of such software may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our website and systems that rely on open source software. These risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial conditions.
The use of technology based on artificial intelligence presents risks relating to confidentiality, creation of inaccurate and flawed outputs and emerging regulatory risk, any or all of which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We use or may in the future use AI and machine learning in our business to, among other things, facilitate personalized customer journeys, predict shopping behaviors, optimize marketing, generate data aggregation, summarizations and insights, and streamline workflows. Issues relating to our use or potential use of new and evolving AI technologies may cause us to experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, customer loss, legal liability or new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, and to incur additional costs to resolve such issues. For example, sensitive, proprietary, or confidential information of the Company and employees could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed as a result of or in connection with the use of generative AI technologies by our employees or vendors. Any such information input into a third-party generative AI or machine learning platform could be revealed to others, including if information is used to train the third party's generative AI or machine learning models, which may impact our ability to realize the benefit of, or adequately maintain, protect, and enforce our intellectual property or confidential information, harming our competitive position and business. Additionally, where a generative AI or machine learning model ingests personal information and makes connections using such data, those technologies may reveal other sensitive, proprietary, or confidential information generated by the model. The use of AI also brings ethical issues related to privacy, customer monitoring and consent and transparency of use, as well as potential for bias and discrimination. We have implemented a policy and guidelines for employee use of AI tools and may implement access controls and other safeguards for certain AI use cases. We also assess third-party AI tools and services through risk-based diligence and impose contractual requirements, where we seek to manage risks relating to ownership and licensing of input and output data. However, uncertainties remain with respect to evolving intellectual property rights and privacy requirements.
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Generative AI or machine learning models may create incomplete, inaccurate, offensive or otherwise flawed outputs, some of which may appear correct. Further, AI algorithms are based on machine learning and predictive analytics, which can include unexpected biases and lead to discriminatory outcomes. We may engage in testing, review, or monitoring commensurate with the use case to help identify and address issues such as inaccuracy, bias, or drift; however, such measures cannot eliminate these risks. Due to these issues, these models could lead us to make flawed decisions that could result in adverse consequences to us. Further, any outputs that we create using generative AI technologies may not be subject to copyright protection, which may adversely affect our intellectual property rights in, or ability to commercialize or use, any such content. To the extent that we do not have sufficient rights to use the data or other material or content used in or produced by the AI-enabled systems used in our business, or if we experience cybersecurity incidents in connection with our use or any third party’s use of AI-enabled tools, it could adversely affect our reputation and expose us to legal liability or regulatory risk, including with respect to third-party intellectual property, data privacy, cybersecurity, publicity, contractual or other rights.
In addition, uncertainty in the legal regulatory regime relating to AI may require significant resources to modify and maintain business practices to comply with applicable law, the nature of which cannot be determined at this time. Several jurisdictions have already proposed or enacted laws governing AI. Other jurisdictions may decide to adopt similar or more restrictive legislation that may render the use of such technologies challenging. The timing, scope, and enforcement of such requirements remain uncertain. These obligations may prevent or limit our ability to use AI in our business, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, or require us to change our business practices. If we cannot use AI, or that use is restricted, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Government regulation of the Internet and eCommerce is evolving and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.
We are subject to regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet and eCommerce. Existing and future regulations and laws could impede the growth of the Internet, eCommerce or mobile commerce. These regulations and laws may involve online payments, taxes, tariffs, privacy, data protection, data security, anti-spam, content protection, website accessibility, Internet neutrality, AI, automated decision making, electronic contracts and communications, consumer protection, website accessibility, Internet neutrality and gift cards. Additional examples include intermediary liability protections, online platform liability, content moderation, online child safety, packaging and recycling requirements, seller certification and representative requirements, and know-your-customer/business regulations.
These laws and regulations are continuously evolving, and compliance is costly and can require changes to our business practices and significant management time and effort. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, and compliance is often complex and/or operationally challenging. In addition, applicable laws may conflict with other rules or our practices and by complying with the laws or regulations of one jurisdiction, we may find that we are violating the laws or regulations of another jurisdiction. We cannot be sure that our practices have complied, comply or will comply fully with all such laws and regulations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation, a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. Any such proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, force us to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, decrease the use of our sites by consumers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary liability.
Risks Related to the Supply of Our Products
Our business, including our costs and supply chain, is subject to risks associated with sourcing, manufacturing, and warehousing.
We currently source nearly all of the merchandise we offer from third-party suppliers, and as a result we may be subject to price fluctuations or demand disruptions. Our results of operations would be negatively impacted by increases in the prices of our merchandise, and we have no guarantees that prices will not rise. We are working to strategically establish more direct sourcing relationships with factories, which adds risks related to shipping, importation, and payment terms. In addition, as we expand into new categories and product types, we expect that we may not have strong purchasing power in these new areas, which could lead to higher prices than we have historically seen in our current categories. We may not be able to pass increased prices on to customers, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, in the event of a significant disruption in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used in the manufacture of the merchandise we offer, the suppliers we work with might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price. For example, natural disasters could increase raw material costs, impacting pricing with certain of our suppliers, or cause shipping delays for certain of our merchandise. We may not be able to maintain the quality expectations of customers due to disruptions in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used in the manufacture of our products. Global climate change is resulting in certain types of natural disasters occurring more frequently or with more intense effects. Any delays, interruption,
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damage to, or increased costs in the manufacture of the merchandise we offer could result in higher prices to acquire the merchandise or non-delivery of merchandise altogether and could adversely affect our results of operations.
We believe that we have strong supplier relationships, and we work continuously with our suppliers to manage cost increases. Our overall profitability depends, in part, on the success of our ability to mitigate rising costs or shortages of raw materials used to manufacture our merchandise. Cotton, synthetics and other raw materials used to manufacture our merchandise are subject to availability constraints and price volatility impacted by a number of factors, including supply and demand for fabrics, weather, government regulations, economic climate, and other unpredictable factors. In addition, our sourcing costs may fluctuate due to labor conditions, transportation, or freight costs, energy prices, currency fluctuations, or other unpredictable factors. The cost of labor at many of our third-party suppliers has been increasing in recent years, and we believe it is unlikely that such cost pressures will abate.
Most of our merchandise is shipped from our suppliers by ocean vessel. If a disruption occurs in the operation of ports through which our merchandise is imported, we may incur increased costs related to air freight or use of alternative ports. Shipping by air is significantly more expensive than shipping by ocean and our margins and profitability could be reduced. Shipping to alternative ports could also lead to delays in receipt of our merchandise. We rely on third-party shipping companies to deliver our merchandise to us. Failures by these shipping companies to deliver our merchandise to us or lack of capacity in the shipping industry could lead to delays in receipt of our merchandise or increased expense in the delivery of our merchandise. Geopolitical tensions in early 2026 involving Iran, the U.S., Israel, and multiple Gulf states have introduced potential volatility in oil markets that could result in higher fuel-related surcharges from carriers. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, we cannot guarantee that merchandise we receive from suppliers will be of sufficient quality or free from damage, or that such merchandise will not be damaged during shipping, while stored in one of our distribution facilities, or when returned by customers. Further, as we establish more direct sourcing relationships, we will become increasingly responsible for any product quality issues that arise. While we take measures to ensure merchandise quality and avoid damage, including evaluating supplier product samples, conducting inventory inspections and inspecting returned product, we cannot control merchandise while it is out of our possession or prevent all damage while in our distribution facilities. We may incur additional expenses and our reputation could be harmed if customers and potential customers believe that our merchandise is not of sufficiently high quality or may be damaged.
We have two distribution facilities and disruptions to the operations at these locations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We have one distribution facility located in California and one in Pennsylvania. All of our merchandise is shipped from our suppliers to one of our distribution facilities and then packaged and shipped from our distribution facilities to our customers. The success of our business depends on our timely receipt of merchandise so we can continuously bring new, on-trend products online for sale. The success of our business also depends on customer orders being timely processed and delivered to meet promised delivery dates and satisfy our customers. The efficient flow of our merchandise requires that we have adequate capacity and uninterrupted service in our distribution facilities to support both our current level of operations and any increased levels that may follow from future growth plans. We may be unable to accommodate future growth using our existing distribution facilities. In such case, we will either need to expand and upgrade our existing distribution facilities or open additional distribution facilities. Upgrading our existing distribution facilities or transferring our operations to a facility with greater capacity will require us to incur additional costs, which could be significant, and may require us to secure additional favorable real estate or may require us to obtain additional financing. Appropriate locations or financing for the purchase or lease of such additional real estate may not be available at reasonable costs or at all. Our failure to provide adequate order fulfillment, secure additional distribution capacity when necessary, or retain a suitable third-party logistics provider could impede our growth plans. Further increasing this capacity could increase our costs, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Alternatively, based on our assessments and if required by business conditions, we may make capital investments to move or close all or part of additional distribution facilities in the future. These changes could result in significant future charges or disruptions in our operations, and we may not achieve the expected benefits from these changes, which could result in an adverse impact on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
In addition, if we encounter difficulties associated with our distribution facilities or if they were to shut down or be unable to operate for any reason, including because of fire, natural disaster, power outage, or other event, we could face inventory shortages, resulting in “out-of-stock” conditions on our website, and delays in shipments, resulting in significantly higher costs and longer lead times distributing our merchandise. In addition, operations and distribution staff would need to find an alternative location, causing further disruption to our business and operations and increased costs associated with opening a new location.
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If we encounter difficulties or disasters with our distribution facilities or corporate offices, our disaster recovery, business continuity and document retention plans may be inadequate or insufficient and our critical systems, operations and information may not be restored in a timely manner, or at all, and this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on third-party suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers, and they may not continue to produce products or provide services that are consistent with our standards or applicable regulatory requirements, which could harm our brand, cause consumer dissatisfaction, and require us to find alternative suppliers of our products or services.
We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. We use multiple third-party suppliers to source and manufacture many of our products under our owned brand, and those third-party suppliers source from manufacturers based primarily in China and, to a lesser extent, countries such as Mexico, Vietnam, India and the U.S. We are also working to strategically establish more direct sourcing relationships with manufacturers overseas. We engage our third-party suppliers and manufacturers on a purchase order basis combined with customary terms and conditions and are not party to any long-term contracts containing purchase obligations. The ability of these third parties to supply and manufacture our products may be affected by competing orders placed by other clients and the demands of those clients. If we experience significant increases in demand or need to replace a significant number of existing suppliers or manufacturers, we cannot assure that additional supply and manufacturing capacity will be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or that any supplier or manufacturer will allocate sufficient capacity to us in order to meet our requirements.
In addition, quality control problems, such as the use of materials and delivery of products that do not meet our quality control standards and specifications or comply with applicable laws or regulations, could harm our business. We do not regularly inspect our suppliers and quality control problems could result in regulatory action, such as restrictions on importation, products of inferior quality or product stock outages or shortages, harming our sales, and creating inventory write-downs for unusable products. Further, we cannot assure that we will be able to detect, prevent or fix all defects that may affect our merchandise, which could hurt the image of our brand and is critical to maintaining and expanding our business. Any negative publicity or lawsuits filed against us related to the perceived quality of our products could harm our brand and decrease demand for our products.
Countries from which we or our vendors obtain products may, from time to time, impose new or adjust prevailing quotas or other restrictions on exported products, and the U.S. may impose new duties, quotas and other restrictions on imported products. This could disrupt the supply of such products to us and adversely affect our operations. The U.S. Congress periodically considers other restrictions on the importation of products obtained for us. The cost of such products may increase for us if applicable duties are raised or import quotas with respect to such products are imposed or made more restrictive.
We have developed strategies to try to mitigate the impact of current and potential future tariffs, including collaborative efforts with our vendor partners and suppliers. There can be no assurance that the imposed tariffs will not be increased, expanded or extended. The impact of these tariffs on current and future fiscal years could have a material adverse effect on our cost of goods sold and results of operations.
Further, our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors may:
have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours;
take actions contrary to our instructions, requests, policies or objectives;
be unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations under relevant purchase orders, including obligations to meet our production deadlines, quality standards, pricing guidelines and product specifications, and to comply with applicable regulations, including those regarding the safety and quality of products;
have financial difficulties;
encounter raw material or labor shortages;
encounter increases in raw material or labor costs which may affect our procurement costs;
disclose our confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties;
engage in activities or employ practices that may harm our reputation; and
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work with, be acquired by, or come under control of, our competitors.
Many of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers are based in China, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business there.
We primarily use third-party suppliers and manufacturers based in China. This sourcing concentration increases our dependence of these suppliers and exposes us to the risks of doing business in China. We may have greater risks than our peers due to the concentration of our suppliers and manufacturers in China. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, the cost of labor has increased and may continue to increase in the future. Our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected if the labor costs of our third-party suppliers increase significantly.
In addition, our suppliers may not be able to find a sufficient number of qualified workers due to the intensely competitive and fluid market for skilled labor in China. Sourcing products from China exposes us to political, legal and economic risks. In particular, the political, legal and economic climate in China, both nationally and regionally, is fluid and unpredictable. Our ability to operate in China may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and Chinese laws and regulations such as those related to, among other things, taxation, import and export tariffs, custom duties, environmental regulations, land use rights, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, sanctions, embargoes, employee benefits and other matters. In addition, we may not obtain or retain the requisite legal permits to continue to operate in China, and costs or operational limitations may be imposed in connection with obtaining and complying with such permits. Further, Chinese trade regulations are in a state of flux, and we may become subject to other forms of taxation, tariffs and duties in these jurisdictions. Imports into the U.S. of products from China may also be subject to increased risk of seizure by Customs and Border Protection in light of enforcement directives established by the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, or UFLPA, and regulations issued pursuant to UFLPA.
Furthermore, the third parties we rely on in China may disclose our confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties, which could result in the illegal distribution and sale of counterfeit versions of our products. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We plan to continue increasing the number of direct sourcing relationships with manufacturers overseas, but because our experience with direct sourcing is still relatively limited, we may be exposed to unforeseen risks that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In an effort to address some of the challenges with our current supply chain, including pricing, geopolitical challenges, competing orders placed by other clients, and overall risks of doing business in China, we are working to strategically build upon our direct sourcing relationships with manufacturers overseas across various locations. We have some experience with direct sourcing relationships but overall, our experience is limited in comparison to our third-party supplier relationships. We may not be successful in establishing direct sourcing relationships, and we may not successfully identify the correct suppliers or countries in which to establish relationships or correct business or legal terms to govern the relationships. If we engage suppliers whose materials and/or delivery of products do not meet our quality control standards and specifications or comply with applicable laws or regulations, our operating results and reputation could be materially adversely impacted. We may not be successful in obtaining the margin benefits we are anticipating from direct sourcing, and may experience difficulties with order quantities, payment terms, quality, third-party, regulatory compliance, and customs complexities. If any of these events occur, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Any failure by us or our suppliers to comply with product safety, labor or other laws, our Vendor and Supplier Code of Conduct, or our standard terms and conditions, or to provide safe factory conditions for their workers may damage our reputation and brand and harm our business.
The merchandise we sell to our customers is subject to regulation by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and similar state and international regulatory authorities. As a result, such merchandise could be in the future subject to recalls and other remedial actions. Product safety, labeling, and licensing concerns may require us to voluntarily remove selected merchandise from our inventory. Such recalls or voluntary removal of merchandise can result in, among other things, lost sales, diverted resources, potential harm to our reputation, and increased customer service costs and legal expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Additionally, we are subject to regulations related to the manufacture of the merchandise that we sell. For example, in California, we are subject to record keeping and wage guarantor obligations pursuant to SB 62 (the “Garment Worker Protection Act”), for certain items that we contract to manufacture, as well as AB 701 (the “Warehouse Quotas Law”), which requires us to ensure that quotas do not interfere with warehouse worker meal and rest periods under California’s wage orders.
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We purchase our merchandise from numerous third-party domestic and international suppliers. Failure by us or our third-party suppliers to comply with such laws and regulations, as well as with ethical, social, product, labor and environmental standards, or related political considerations, could result in the cancellation of orders by customers and termination of relationships, among other things. Some of the merchandise we sell may expose us to product liability claims and litigation or regulatory action relating to personal injury or environmental or property damage. Although we maintain liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms or at all. In addition, some of our agreements with our suppliers may not indemnify us from product liability for a particular supplier’s merchandise or our suppliers may not have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity and defense obligations. Our standard vendor terms and conditions require suppliers to comply with applicable laws and to warrant that the products are made without use of child labor, convict labor, indentured or bonded labor, or labor obtained through human trafficking. Our Vendor and Supplier Code of Conduct, which our vendors contractually agree to, further sets forth our baseline expectations for safe and humane factory conditions. Failure of our suppliers to comply with applicable laws, regulations and contractual requirements or to provide safe and humane factory conditions and oversight at their facilities could damage our reputation and brand and lead to legal claimsagainst us, resulting in increased legal expenses and costs. Further, damage to our reputation or loss of consumer confidence for any of these or other reasons could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our reputation.
We rely upon independent third-party transportation providers for substantially all of our merchandise shipments and any disruptions or increased transportation costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We currently rely upon independent third-party transportation providers for substantially all of our merchandise shipments, including shipments to all of our distribution facilities and our customers. Our shipments are subject to risks, including increases in fuel prices, which would increase our distribution costs, and employee strikes and inclement weather, which may impact the third party’s ability to provide delivery services that adequately meet our needs. For example, it can take as long as six to seven days to get shipments from our distribution facilities. If we change shipping companies, we could face logistical difficulties that could adversely impact deliveries and we would incur costs and expend resources in connection with such change. Moreover, we may not be able to obtain terms as favorable as those received from the independent third-party transportation providers we currently use, which would increase our costs. Historically, the shipping and handling fees we charge our customers are intended to partially offset the related shipping and handling expenses. Pure-play and omni-channel retailers are increasing their focus on delivery services, as customers are increasingly seeking faster, guaranteed delivery times and low-price or free shipping. To remain competitive, we may be required to offer discounted, free or other more competitive shipping options to our customers, including expedited delivery services, which may result in declines in our shipping and handling fees and increased shipping and handling expense. Any increase in shipping costs or any other significant shipping difficulties or disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Regulation, Taxation and Litigation
We may be subject to liability and other risks if we, our suppliers or the manufacturers of our merchandise infringe upon the trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties, including the risk that we could acquire merchandise from our suppliers without the full right to sell it.
We purchase merchandise that may be subject to copyrights, design patents, trademark, trade dress or otherwise may incorporate protected intellectual property. Typically we are not involved in the manufacture of any of the merchandise that we purchase from our suppliers for sale to our customers, and we do not independently investigate whether our suppliers or the manufacturers with whom they do business hold intellectual property rights to the merchandise we purchase. Third parties have and may bring legal claims, or threaten to bring legal claims, against us that their intellectual property rights are being infringed or violated by our use of intellectual property if our suppliers or the manufacturers of our merchandise infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties. Litigation or threatenedlitigation, regardless of merit, could be costly, time consuming to defend, require us to redesign or rebrand our products or packaging, if feasible, distract our senior management from operating our business and require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property. Any such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we were to be found liable for any such infringement, we could be required to pay substantial damages which our indemnifying suppliers may not be able to fully pay, and could be subject to injunctionspreventing further infringement. In addition, any payments we are required to make and any injunctions with which we are required to comply as a result of infringementclaims could be costly. While our standard vendor terms and conditions require our suppliers to indemnify us against third-party intellectual property claims, certain agreements with our suppliers may not indemnify us from intellectual property claims for a particular supplier’s merchandise or our suppliers may not have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity
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and defense obligations. Any legal claims or litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If a third party claims to have licensing rights with respect to merchandise we purchased from a supplier, or if we acquire unlicensed merchandise, we may be obligated to remove this merchandise from our platform, incur costs associated with this removal if the distributor or supplier is unwilling or unable to reimburse us and be subject to liability under various civil and criminal causes of action, including actions to recover unpaid royalties and other damages and injunctions. Additionally, we could need to purchase new merchandise to replace any we remove. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Laws and regulations relating to the liability of providers of online services for the activities of their marketers or their social media creators and the content of their marketers' listings are currently unsettled. W e could be subject to claims for defamation, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement, or claims based on other theories relating to the information we publish on our websites, or the information published across social media. These types of claims have been brought, sometimes successfully, against online services including us in the past. We may not successfully avoid civil or criminal liability for unlawful activities carried out by our marketers or our creators. Our potential liability for unlawful activities of our marketers or our creators or the content of our marketers' listings could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to such liability, which may require us, among other things, to spend substantial resources or to reevaluate marketing efforts. Our insurance may not adequately protect us against these types of claims and the defense of such claims may divert the attention of our management from our operations. If we are subject to such lawsuits, it may adversely affect our business.
A failure to comply with current laws, rules and regulations or changes to such laws, rules and regulations and other legal uncertainties may adversely affect our business, financial performance, results of operations or business growth.
Our business and financial performance could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in or interpretations of existing laws, rules, and regulations or the promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations applicable to us and our businesses, including those relating to the internet and e-commerce, including geo-blocking and other geographically based restrictions, internet advertising and price display, customer protection, anti-corruption, antitrust and competition, economic and trade sanctions, tax, banking, data security, data protection, and privacy. As a result, regulatory authorities could prevent or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or otherwise penalize us if our practices were found not to comply with applicable regulatory or licensing requirements or any binding interpretation of such requirements. Unfavorable changes or interpretations could severelydamage our reputation and our relationship with our customers, third party partners and investors as well as decrease demand for our services, limit marketing methods and capabilities, affect our margins, increase costs or subject us to additional liabilities.
For example, there are, and will likely continue to be, an increasing number of laws and regulations pertaining to the internet and e-commerce that may relate to liability for information retrieved from or transmitted over the internet, display of certain taxes and fees, online editorial and customer-generated content, user privacy, data security, behavioral targeting and online advertising, taxation, liability for third-party activities and the quality of services. Furthermore, the growth and development of e-commerce may prompt calls for more stringent customer protection laws and more aggressive enforcement efforts, which may impose additional burdens on online businesses generally.
Likewise, the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls (“OFAC”), the U.S. Department of State, as well as other foreign regulatory authorities continue to enforce economic and trade regulations and anti-corruption laws, across industries. U.S. trade sanctions relate to transactions with designated foreign countries and territories, as well as specifically targeted individuals and entities that are identified on U.S. and other blacklists, and those owned by them or those acting on their behalf. Anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), generally prohibit direct or indirect corrupt payments to government officials and, under certain laws, private persons to obtain or retain business or an improper business advantage.
Although we have policies and procedures in place designed to promote compliance with laws and regulations, our employees, partners, or agents could take actions in contravention of our policies and procedures or violate applicable laws or regulations. As regulations continue to develop and regulatory oversight continues to focus on these areas, we cannot guarantee that our policies and procedures will ensure compliance at all times with all applicable laws or regulations. In the event our controls should fail, or we are found to be not in compliance for other reasons, we could be subject to monetary damages, civil and criminal monetary penalties, withdrawal of business licenses or permits, litigation, and damage to our reputation and the value of our brand.
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As we expand our operations in existing and new jurisdictions internationally, we will need to increase the scope of our compliance programs to address the risks relating to the potential for violations of the FCPA and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. Further, the promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws, rules and regulations, in each case that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which we or our retailers and brands conduct business could require us to change certain aspects of our business, operations and commercial relationships to ensure compliance, which could decrease demand for services, reduce net revenue, increase costs or subject us to additional liabilities.
We may be unable to protect our trademarks or other intellectual property rights.
We believe that our trademarks are integral to our business and our success in building our brand image and customer loyalty. We rely on trademark registrations and common law trademark rights to protect the distinctiveness of our brand and have registered, or have applied to register, those trademarks that we believe are important to our business with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in many foreign countries. We cannot assure that our applications will be approved or that these registrations will prevent imitation of our name, merchandising concept, website design or merchandise or the infringement of our other intellectual property rights by others. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In certain cases, the merchandise we sell is purchased on a non-exclusive basis from suppliers that also sell to our competitors. While we use our brand name on these items, our competitors may seek to replicate aspects of our business strategy and online experience, thereby diluting the experience we offer and adversely affecting our brand and competitive position. Imitation of our name, concept, website design or merchandise in a manner that projects lesser quality or carries a negative connotation of our brand image could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We cannot be certain that the actions we have taken to establish, police and protect our trademarks or our resources will be adequate to prevent imitation of our merchandise by others or to prevent others from seeking to block sales of our merchandise as a violation of the trademarks or proprietary rights of others. If disputes arise in the future, we may not be able to successfullyresolve these types of conflicts to our satisfaction. In the event that our trademarks are successfullychallenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Although we cannot currently estimate the likelihood of success of any such lawsuit or ultimate resolution of such a conflict, such a conflict, regardless of outcome, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Litigation may be necessary to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights or to enforce these rights. Any litigation or claims brought by us could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are subject to data security and privacy risks that could negatively affect our results, operations or reputation.
We collect personal information and other data from our employees, customers, prospective customers and others to provide products and services, to support, expand and improve our business, and to tailor our marketing and advertising efforts. We may also share customers’ personal information with certain third parties as authorized by the customer or as described in our privacy policy. Sophisticated hackers and cybercriminals employ advanced techniques, including social engineering and automated attacks, which may evade detection for extended periods. A breach of our networks, or those of our service providers or vendors with whom we provide or grant access to information, could result in the loss of confidential business and financial data, misappropriation of personal information of customers or employees, and disruption of business operations. Such incidents could materially adversely affect our business through impaired customer relationships, loss of sales and customers, potential fines and lawsuits, significant legal and remediation costs, and damage to our brand. If we expand or enhance mobile applications or age sensitive experiences, we may be subject to additional or evolving requirements related to youth privacy, age verification and age-appropriate design, and app distribution platform policies, and any failure or perceived failure to comply could lead to enforcement actions, litigation, reputational harm, or business interruption.
In addition, we are subject to an increasingly complex, and sometimes conflicting, set of legal obligations related to data protection, privacy and information security in the U.S., Europe, Canada and other countries where we do business, and there will continue to be new proposed laws and regulations and changes to existing legal frameworks that govern how we collect, use, share, and process personal data. In the U.S., multiple states have enacted, or are considering, comprehensive consumer privacy laws, that establish varying obligations and individual rights, and these laws continue to evolve rapidly. The CCPA (as amended by the CPRA), the most stringent state privacy law, grants California residents data privacy rights that include, among other things, the right to request a copy from a covered company of the personal information collected about them, the right to request deletion of such personal information, the right to request to opt-out of certain sales of such personal information as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches. The European Union adopted the GDPR and the United Kingdom enacted the UK General Data Protection Regulation (which implements the GDPR into UK law); both of which impose significant compliance requirements, including extensive documentation requirements
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and granting certain rights to individuals to control how businesses collect, use, disclose, retain and leverage information about them or how they obtain consent from them. In Canada, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”), and various provincial laws require companies to give detailed privacy notices to consumers; obtain consent to use personal information, with limited exceptions; allow individuals to access and correct their personal information; and report certain data breaches.
Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with rapidly evolving data protection laws and regulations, policies (including our own stated privacy policies), legal obligations, contractual obligations or industry standards, or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, may result in governmental investigations and/or enforcement actions, litigation (including customer class actions), claims by our customers and other third parties, fines, penalties and other liabilities, damage to our reputation or adverse publicity, and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.
If our suppliers fail to comply with applicable laws, including a failure to use acceptable labor practices, or if our suppliers sufferdisruptions in their businesses, we could sufferadverse business consequences.
Our suppliers source the merchandise we sell from manufacturers both inside and outside of the U.S. Although our suppliers are required to comply with all applicable laws, including labor and employment, immigration, customs, environmental and product safety, we do not own, supervise or control our suppliers or the manufacturers that produce the merchandise we sell. In the past, we have purchased merchandise from our suppliers solely within the U.S. Over the course of the last past few years, we have increased and expect to further increase direct purchases from suppliers outside the U.S., which may expose us to additional risks. The violation, or perception of any violation, of any labor, immigration, product safety, or other laws by any of our suppliers, their U.S. and non-U.S. manufacturers, or our direct suppliers, such as use of forced or child labor, or the divergence of the labor practices followed by any of our suppliers or these manufacturers from those generally accepted in the U.S., could damage our brand image or subject us to boycotts by our customers or activist groups which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Any event causing a sudden disruption of manufacturing or imports, including the imposition of additional import restrictions, could interrupt, or otherwise disrupt the shipment of finished products to us by our suppliers. Political and financial instability outside the U.S., strikes, adverse weather conditions or natural disasters that may occur or acts of war or terrorism in the U.S. or worldwide, may affect the production, shipment or receipt of merchandise. These factors, which are beyond our control, may require us to modify our current business practices or incur increased costs and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Changes in laws, including employment laws and laws related to our merchandise, could make conducting our business more expensive or otherwise cause us to change the way we do business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are subject to numerous laws and regulations, including labor and employment, truth-in-advertising, California’s Proposition 65 and other environmental laws and regulations, customer protection and zoning and occupancy laws and ordinances that regulate retailers generally or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise and the operation of warehouse facilities. If these regulations were to change or were violated by our management, employees, or suppliers, the costs of certain goods could increase, or we could experience delays in shipments of our goods, be subject to fines or penalties or suffer reputational harm, which could reduce demand for our merchandise and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition to increased regulatory compliance requirements, changes in laws could make the ordinary conduct of our business more expensive or require us to change the way we do business.
Laws related to employee benefits and treatment of employees, including laws related to limitations on employee hours, immigration laws, child labor laws, supervisory status, leaves of absence, wages, pay transparency, mandated health benefits or overtime pay, could also increase compensation and benefits costs. Moreover, changes in product safety or other customer protection laws, could lead to increased costs to us for some merchandise, or additional labor costs associated with readying merchandise for sale. It is often difficult for us to plan and prepare for potential changes to applicable laws, and future actions or increased costs related to these changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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Amendments to existing tax laws, rules or regulations or enactment of new unfavorable tax laws, rules or regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Many of the underlying laws, rules or regulations imposing taxes and other obligations were established before the growth of the internet and e-commerce. Tax authorities in non-U.S. jurisdictions and at the U.S. federal, state and local levels continue to review the appropriate treatment of companies engaged in internet commerce and consider changes to existing tax or other laws that could regulate our transmissions and/or levy sales, income, consumption, use or other taxes relating to our activities, and/or impose obligations on us to collect such taxes. We cannot predict whether such changes will occur, nor the effect of current attempts to impose taxes on commerce over the internet. If such tax or other laws, rules or regulations were amended, or if new unfavorable laws, rules or regulations were enacted, the results could increase our tax payments or other obligations, prospectively or retrospectively, subject us to interest and penalties, decrease the demand for our services if we pass on such costs to the consumer, result in increased costs to update or expand our technical or administrative infrastructure or effectively limit the scope of our business activities if we decided not to conduct business in particular jurisdictions. As a result, these changes may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In addition, various governments and intergovernmental organizations could introduce proposals for tax legislation, or adopt tax laws, that may have a significant adverse effect on our worldwide effective tax rate, or increase our tax liabilities, the carrying value of deferred tax assets, or our deferred tax liabilities. For example, the U.S. federal government could enact significant changes to the taxation of business entities including, among others, a permanent increase in the corporate income tax rate, an increase in the tax rate applicable to the global intangible low-taxed income and elimination of certain exemptions, and the imposition of minimum taxes or surtaxes on certain types of income. It is possible that other jurisdictions in which we operate or do business could enact tax legislation that could adversely affect us through increasing our tax liabilities.
The application of indirect taxes could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, value-added tax, provincial taxes, goods and services tax, business tax and gross receipt tax, to our business and to our retailers and brands is a complex and evolving issue. Significant judgment is required to evaluate applicable tax obligations. As a result, amounts recorded may be subject to adjustments by the relevant tax authorities. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is not clear how new and existing statutes might apply to our business or to the businesses of our retailers and brands. One or more states, the federal government or other countries may seek to impose additional reporting, record-keeping or indirect tax collection obligations on businesses like ours that facilitate e-commerce. For example, state and local taxing authorities in the U.S. and taxing authorities in other countries have identified e-commerce platforms as a means to calculate, collect and remit indirect taxes for transactions taking place over the internet. Multiple U.S. states have enacted related legislation and other states are now considering similar legislation. Such legislation could require us to incur substantial costs in order to comply, including costs associated with legal advice, tax calculation, collection, remittance and audit requirements, which could make selling in such markets less attractive and could adversely affect our business. In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court held in South Dakota v. Wayfair that a U.S. state may require an online retailer to collect sales taxes imposed by that state, even if the retailer has no physical presence in that state, thus permitting a wider enforcement of such sales tax collection requirements. Most U.S. states have enacted new sales tax laws requiring remote vendors and online marketplaces to collect, remit and report sales tax. While we now collect, remit, and report sales tax in all states where we have assessed such obligation, it is still possible that one or more jurisdictions could assert that we have a liability from previous periods that could result in additional liabilities.
Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.
We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which requires us to conduct due diligence on and disclose whether or not our products sold during the prior fiscal year contained conflict minerals. These requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such due diligence activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes, or sources of supply to avoid such materials.
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Risks Related to Our Company and Our Ownership Structure
We may require additional capital to support business growth and this capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.
We may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms or at all. If we raise additional equity financing, stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests. If we raise additional debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios or restrict our ability to pay dividends or make acquisitions. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, or at all, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited and our business and prospects could fail or be adversely affected.
Concentration of ownership among our existing executive officers, directors and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our executive officers, directors, and principal stockholders own, in the aggregate, approximately 75% of our outstanding common stock. These stockholders will be able to exercise significant control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, and approval of significant corporate transactions and will have significant control over our management and policies. This concentration of influence could be disadvantageous to other stockholders with interests different from those of our officers, directors, and principal stockholders and could have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
In addition, these stockholders could take actions that have the effect of delaying or preventing a change-in-control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other stockholders oppose them.
Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:
authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock;
subject to certain exceptions, including that entities affiliated with H.I.G Capital, LLC (“H.I.G.”), Institutional Venture Partners (“IVP”) and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (“CPPIB”) hold at least 50% of our common stock, require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;
specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by a majority of our Board of Directors, the Chair of our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer;
establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our Board of Directors;
establish that our Board of Directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving three-year staggered terms;
prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors; and
provide that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum.
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These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our Board of Directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we have opted out of the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder (any stockholder with 15% or more of our capital stock) for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains a provision that provides us with protections similar to Section 203 of the DGCL and prevent us from engaging in a business combination with a person who acquires at least 15% of our common stock for a period of three years from the date such person acquired such common stock, unless board or stockholder approval is obtained prior to the acquisition, except that it provides that H.I.G. or any affiliate thereof, or any person or entity to which any of the foregoing stockholders transfers shares of our voting stock (subject to specified exceptions), in each case regardless of the total percentage of our voting stock owned by such stockholder or such person or entity, shall not be deemed an “interested stockholder” for purposes of this provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and therefore not subject to the restrictions set forth in this provision.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the U.S. as the sole and exclusive forums for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or our directors, officers, or other employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any (1) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (2) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors or officers to the Company or our stockholders, (3) action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (4) action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Additionally, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that the federal district courts of the U.S. will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against a defendant to such complaint. The choice of forum provisions would not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, as Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal court. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the choice of forum provision with respect to claims under the federal securities laws, and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and Board of Directors. These provisions may also result in increased costs for investors seeking to bring a claim against us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees.
Lulu’s Fashion Lounge Holdings, Inc. is a holding company with no operations of its own and, as such, it depends on its subsidiaries for cash to fund its operations and expenses, including future dividend payments, if any.
As a holding company, our principal source of cash flow will be distributions or payments from our operating subsidiaries. Therefore, our ability to fund and conduct our business, service our debt, and pay dividends, if any, in the future will depend on the ability of our subsidiaries and intermediate holding companies to make upstream cash distributions or payments to us, which may be impacted, for example, by their ability to generate sufficient cash flow or limitations on the ability to repatriate funds whether as a result of currency liquidity restrictions, monetary or exchange controls, or otherwise. Our operating subsidiaries and intermediate holding
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companies are separate legal entities, and although they are directly or indirectly wholly owned and controlled by us, they have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether in the form of loans, dividends, or otherwise.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We are required to meet the Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules, or we may risk delisting. Delisting could negatively affect the price of our common stock, which could make it more difficult for us to sell securities in a future financing or for stockholders to sell our common stock .
We are required to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq and other Nasdaq rules, including those regarding director independence and independent committee requirements, minimum share price, minimum stockholders' equity or market capitalization, and certain other continued listing standards and corporate governance requirements.
We previously failed to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market under Nasdaq rules. Specifically, we received a deficiency letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2025 regarding not being in compliance with the minimum close bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing, and we received a deficiency letter on May 21, 2025 regarding not being in compliance with the minimum $10 million of stockholders' equity required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market. We regained compliance with these deficiencies through our implementation of a 1-for-15 reverse stock split in July 2025 and our transfer to the Nasdaq Capital Market in June 2025, respectively. While we are currently in compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to maintain compliance with these requirements in the future. If we are unable to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in the future, our common stock could be delisted.
If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:
a limited availability of market quotations for our shares;
reduced liquidity for our shares;
a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our shares;
a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
We expect that our stock price will fluctuate significantly, which could cause the value of investments in our common stock to decline, and investors may not be able to resell their shares at a price at or above the price for which they purchased them.
Securities markets worldwide and our stock price in particular have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies and our Company. The market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price or demand of our common stock regardless of our results of operations. The trading price of our common stock has been volatile and subject to significant price fluctuations, as observed in the last few years. Since our reverse stock split became effective on July 7, 2025, the closing price of our common stock has ranged from $3.25 to $26.16. Our daily trading volume has ranged from fewer than 2,000 shares to approximately 23 million shares. Our common stock is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to significant price fluctuations in response to many factors, some of which may be beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation:
market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the retail sales environment;
the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC, earnings or other announcements by us or other retail apparel companies, and/or filings or public announcements by stockholders, including filings on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC;
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fluctuations in quarterly results of operations, as well as differences between our actual financial results and results of operations and those expected by investors;
changes in our merchandise mix and supplier base;
timing of promotional events;
changes in key personnel;
entry into new markets;
changes in customer preferences and fashion trends;
announcements by us or our competitors of new product offerings or significant acquisitions, divestitures, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
actions by competitors;
inventory shrinkage beyond our historical average rates;
changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other retail companies;
investors’ perceptions of our prospects and the prospects of the retail industry;
“short squeezes” and meme-like trading of our common stock or the common stock of companies in our industry;
announcements, media reports, or other public forum comments related to litigation, claims, or reputational charges against us;
guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance, or our failure to meet this guidance;
changes in financial estimates or ratings by any securities analysts who follow our common stock, our failure to meet these estimates, or the failure of those analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our common stock;
the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our common stock;
downgrades in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our competitors;
investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives;
future sales of our common stock by our officers, directors, and significant stockholders;
global macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, labor shortages, supply chain shortages, or other economic, political or legal uncertainties or adverse developments;
political unrest, terrorism and wars which could delay or disrupt our business, and if such political unrestescalates or spills over to or otherwise impacts additional regions it could heighten many of the other risk factors included in this Item 1A;
other events or factors, including those resulting from system failures and disruptions, earthquakes, hurricanes, other natural disasters, pandemics, or responses to these events; and
changes in accounting principles.
These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for shares of our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of our common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. As a result of these factors, our quarterly and annual results of operations and sales may also fluctuate significantly.
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Accordingly, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year and sales for any particular future period may decrease. In the future, our results of operations may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event, the price of our common stock would likely decrease. In the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, security holders have often instituted class action litigationagainst the company that issued the stock. If we become involved in this type of litigation, regardless of the outcome, we could incur substantial legal costs and our management’s attention could be diverted from the operation of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
There could be a material disruption to our business as a result of activist stockholders or others .
The Company has been and may be in the future subject to various legal and business challenges due to proposals or actions instituted by activist stockholders or others. For example, a stockholder filed a Schedule 13D on January 9, 2026, specifying various proposals for the Company to consider. Responding to such efforts can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our business, and divert the attention of our Board, management, and employees from the pursuit of our business strategies. Activist stockholders or others may also cause perceived uncertainties as to the future direction of our Company or strategy which may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and may affect our relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, and other third parties. In addition, any proxy contest or threatened proxy contest for the election of directors at our annual meeting could require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees and proxy solicitation expenses and require significant time and attention by management and our Board. Any such legal and/or business challenges instituted by activist stockholders or others or the perceived uncertainties as to our future direction also could affect the market price and volatility of our securities.
Short sellers of our stock may be manipulative and may drive down the market price of our common stock.
Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own, but rather has borrowed or intends to borrow from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities at a later date to return to the lender. A short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. It is therefore in the short seller’s interest for the price of the stock to decline, and some short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, opinions or characterizations regarding the relevant issuer, often involving misrepresentations of the issuer’s business prospects and similar matters calculated to create negative market momentum, which may permit them to obtain profits for themselves as a result of selling the stock short.
As a public entity, we may be the subject of concerted efforts by short sellers to spread negative information in order to gain a market advantage. In addition, the publication of misinformation may also result in lawsuits, the uncertainty and expense of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and reputation. There are no assurances that we will not face short sellers' efforts or similar tactics in the future, and the market price of our common stock may decline as a result of their actions.
Our common stock market price and trading volume could decline if securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business.
The trading market for our common stock may depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Currently, limited analysts cover our common stock. A failure to obtain analyst coverage, or limited analyst coverage, of our common stock may mean that our price may never achieve levels that we think are fair and that our trading volume never achieves levels that are sufficient to attract additional investor interest.
Even if more analysts begin to cover our common stock, analysts’ estimates are based upon their own opinions and are often different from the estimates or expectations of management. Analysts could downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, which would likely cause the price of our securities to decline. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our securities could decrease, which might cause the price and trading volume of our common stock to decline.
Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease significantly.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market by our existing stockholders, upon the exercise of stock options granted in the future or by persons who acquired shares in our initial public offering (“IPO”) may cause the market price of our common stock to decrease significantly. The perception that such sales could occur could also depress the market price of our common stock. Any such sales could also create public perception of difficulties or problems with our business and might also make it more difficult for us to raise capital through the sale of equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
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Certain of our outstanding shares of common stock are “restricted securities,” as defined under Rule 144 under the Securities Act and eligible for sale in the public market subject to the requirements of Rule 144.
As restrictions on resale expire or as shares are registered, our share price could drop significantly if the holders of these restricted or newly registered shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These sales might also make it more difficult for us to raise capital through the sale of equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
We cannot guarantee that the 2024 Repurchase Program will enhance long-term stockholder value. Stock repurchases could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our stock and could diminish our cash reserves .
Although our Board of Directors authorized a Stock Repurchase Program in 2024, allowing the Company to repurchase up to an aggregate amount of $2.5 million of its shares of common stock (the “2024 Repurchase Program”), the 2024 Repurchase Program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares of common stock. The actual timing, number, and value of shares repurchased in the future will be determined by the Company in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including stock price, trading volume, market conditions, applicable legal requirements, our capital needs, and whether there is a better alternative use of capital. The 2024 Repurchase Program has no expiration date but it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time, and we cannot guarantee that we will purchase shares up to the full dollar amount authorized by the 2024 Repurchase Program or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. The failure to repurchase common stock after we have announced our intention to do so may negatively impact our reputation and investor confidence in us and may negatively affect our stock price. Furthermore, our execution of the share repurchase program could affect the trading price of our common stock and increase volatility, and any announcement of a termination of the 2024 Repurchase Program may result in a decrease in the trading price of our common stock. In addition, the 2024 Repurchase Program could diminish our cash reserves.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, the ability of common stockholders to achieve a return on investment will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our common stock.
Investors should not rely on an investment in our common stock to provide dividend income. Because we do not expect to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future, investors may be forced to sell their shares in order to realize a return on their investment, if any. We do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends to holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any payment of cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, capital requirements, legal requirements, earnings, and other factors. Consequently, investors in our common stock should not rely on dividends in order to receive a return on their investment. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any return on their investment. As a result, investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.
General Risk Factors
Changes in accounting standards and subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by management related to complex accounting matters could significantly affect our financial results or financial condition.
Generally accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines and interpretations with regard to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, including but not limited to revenue recognition, leases, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, inventory, income taxes and litigation, are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments. Changes in these rules or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments could significantly change or increase volatility of our reported or expected financial performance or financial condition. Refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in the accompanying n otes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.
We incurred goodwill impairment charges in the past and may incur goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges again in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We evaluate indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill and our tradename, for possible impairment annually, on the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred. We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of 2024, we concluded that a sustained decline in our stock price coupled with continuing net losses were significant enough factors to warrant a quantitative assessment. As a result of the goodwill impairment test conducted in the fourth quarter ended December 29, 2024, we concluded that the carrying value of our single
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reporting unit exceeded the fair value, and a goodwill impairment charge of $28.4 million was recorded, while $7.0 million of goodwill remained on our consolidated balance sheet. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the year ended December 28, 2025.
It is possible that we could incur another impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets in future periods if (i) overall economic conditions in fiscal 2026 or future years vary from our current assumptions; (ii) business conditions or strategies change from our current assumptions; (iii) there is further deterioration to our stock price; (iv) investors require higher rates of return on equity investments in the marketplace; or (v) enterprise values of comparable publicly traded companies, or of actual sales transactions of comparable companies, were to decline, resulting in lower comparable multiples of revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and, accordingly, lower implied values of goodwill and intangible assets. Any future impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There are claims made against us from time to time that can result in litigation that could distract management from our business activities and result in significant liability or damage to our brand.
As a public company, we face the risk of litigation and other claimsagainst us. Litigation and other claims may arise in the ordinary course of our business and include employee claims, commercial disputes, intellectual property issues, data protection and privacy claims, customer protection claims, and product-oriented allegations. These claims can raise complex factual and legal issues that are subject to risks and uncertainties and could require significant management time and allocation. Litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings against us could result in unexpected expenses and liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on our senior management personnel and may not be able to retain or replace these individuals or recruit additional personnel, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our future success is substantially dependent on the continued service of our senior management. Changes in management, however, have the potential to disrupt our business, and any such disruption could adversely affect our operations, growth, financial condition and results of operations. Further, new members of management and the Board of Directors may have different perspectives on our operations and opportunities for our business, which may cause us to change our business plan or vision for our Company. The loss of services of these individuals or any other of our key employees could impair our ability to manage our business effectively, as we may not be able to find suitable individuals to replace them on a timely basis or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, any departures of key personnel could be viewed in a negative light by investors and analysts, which could cause our common stock price to decline. We do not maintain key person insurance on any employee.
In addition to our senior management and the Board of Directors, we have other employees in positions responsible for our merchandising, marketing, software development, accounting, finance, information technology, and operations departments, that, if vacant, could cause a temporary disruption in our operations until such positions are filled, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, motivate, and retain a sufficient number of employees who understand our business, customers, brand and corporate culture. Our planned growth will require us to hire and train even more personnel to manage such growth. If we are unable to hire and retain personnel capable of consistently performing at a high level, our ability to expand our business may be impaired.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, or other catastrophic events.
Our principal offices and one of our distribution facilities are located in California, an area which has a history of wildfires and earthquakes, and are thus vulnerable to damage. We have a second distribution facility in Pennsylvania. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and other adverse weather and climate conditions; unforeseen public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war, and other political instability; or other catastrophic events, whether occurring in the U.S. or internationally, could disrupt our operations in any of our offices and distribution facilities or the operations of one or more of our third-party providers or suppliers. For example, in January 2025, there were major wildfires in the Los Angeles area that impacted some of our employees. There have also been wildfires near our principal office. In particular, these types of events could impact our merchandise supply chain, including our ability to ship merchandise to customers from or to the impacted region, our suppliers’ ability to ship merchandise or our ability to operate our platform. In addition, these types of events could negatively impact customer spending in the impacted regions. Sales of certain seasonal apparel items are dependent in part on the weather and may decline when weather conditions do not favor the use of this apparel. To the extent any of these events occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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Climate change and increased focus by governmental and non-governmental organizations, customers, consumers and investors on sustainability issues, including those related to climate change, may adversely affect our business and financial results and damage our reputation.
Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected by climate change and the adoption of new climate change related laws, policies and regulations. Certain concerns about climate change and greenhouse gas emissions have led to the adoption of various regulations and policies, including the Paris Agreement negotiated at the 2015 United Nations Conference on Climate Change. Climate change may impact our business in numerous ways. For example, governments may impose additional legal requirements and/or impose new taxes to finance efforts to reduce the impact of climate change, which may increase shipping and freight costs and prices for our products. We also face the risk that governmental or non-governmental organizations may increase their focus on the fashion sector and implement greater environmental regulation on the fashion sector in the U.S. or the fashion sector in other markets. For example, the fashion industry’s process for dying fabrics uses large quantities of water, and the disposition of the waste water is often regulated and may affect the environment. Increased scrutiny and regulation of this practice may adversely affect our business. If we or our suppliers are required to comply with new or additional legislation and regulations to mitigate or reduce the potential impact of climate change, or if we choose to take voluntary steps to mitigate or reduce such potential impact, we may experience increases in raw material costs, energy, production, transportation, capital expenditures, insurance premiums and deductibles, which could adversely impact our business or results of operations. Inconsistency of legislation and regulations among jurisdictions may also adversely affect the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations. Any assessment of the potential impact of future climate change legislation, regulations, or industry standards, as well as any international treaties and accords, is uncertain given the breadth of potential regulatory change in the countries in which we operate. Additionally, some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, floods and other climatic events. Increased frequency of extreme weather could cause increased incidence of disruption to the production and distribution of our products and an adverse impact on consumer demand and spending. If any such climate changes or additional climate change were to occur, they could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Increased scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, employees and others regarding our environmental, social and governance practices and reporting could cause us to incur additional costs, devote additional resources and expose us to additional risks, which could adversely impact our reputation, customer acquisition and retention, access to capital and employee retention.
Companies across industries are facing increasing scrutiny related to their ESG practices and reporting. Certain investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders have focused on ESG practices and placed importance on the implications and social cost of their investments, purchases and other interactions with companies. With this increased focus and demand, public reporting regarding ESG practices has become more broadly expected and required in certain circumstances.
Conversely, in recent years “anti-ESG” sentiment has gained momentum across the U.S., with several states and Congress having proposed or enacted “anti-ESG” policies, legislation, or initiatives or issued related legal opinions, and the Trump Administration having recently issued an executive order opposing diversity equity and inclusion (“DEI”) initiatives in the private sector. Such anti-ESG and anti-DEI-related policies, legislation, initiatives, litigation, legal opinions and scrutiny could result in additional compliance obligations becoming the subject of investigations and enforcement actions or sustaining reputational harm. If our ESG practices and reporting do not meet investor, customer or employee expectations, which continue to evolve, our brand, reputation and customer retention may be negatively impacted.
Our ability to achieve any ESG objective or goal, and accurately and transparently report our progress is subject to numerous operational, financial, legal and other risks, many of which are dependent on the actions of third parties and outside of our control. Examples of such risks include:
the availability and cost of low- or non-carbon-based energy sources;
the evolving regulatory requirements affecting ESG standards or disclosures;
the availability of suppliers that can meet our ESG standards;
our ability to recruit, develop and retain talent in our labor markets; and
the success of our organic growth and acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or operations.
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If we fail, or are perceived to be failing, to meet the objectives, goals or standards included in any sustainability disclosure or the expectations of our various stakeholders or if we are perceived to have not responded appropriately by certain parties, it could negatively impact our reputation, customer acquisition and retention, access to capital and employee retention. In addition, in recent years, investor advocacy groups and certain institutional investors have placed importance on ESG matters. If, as a result of their assessment of our ESG practices, certain investors are unsatisfied with our actions or progress, they may reconsider their investment in our company. As the nature, scope and complexity of ESG reporting, diligence and disclosure requirements evolve, including the State of California’s requirements regarding, among other matters, GHG emissions related reporting and/or climate financial risk disclosure, we may have to undertake additional costs to control, assess and report on ESG metrics. Any failure or perceived failure, whether or not valid, to pursue or fulfill our ESG goals, targets and objectives or to satisfy various ESG reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could increase the risk of litigation.
We are an emerging growth company, smaller reporting company, and non-accelerated filer, and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to these statuses may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act and a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer as defined in the rules under the Exchange Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised financial accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the extended transition period for adopting new or revised financial accounting standards under the JOBS Act as an emerging growth company.
For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company and/or both a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer, we may also take advantage of other exemptions from certain reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, exemption from any rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotations or a supplement to the report of independent registered public accounting firm, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and any golden parachute arrangements, and reduced financial reporting requirements. Investors may find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions, which could result in a less active trading market for our common stock, increased price fluctuation, and a decrease in the trading price of our common stock.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our IPO, or (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (3) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in the rules under the Exchange Act, or (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. We will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of the end of fiscal 2026, but will remain a smaller reporting company until our outstanding common stock held by nonaffiliates has a value of $250 million or more at the end of a second fiscal quarter and will remain a non-accelerated filer until we have a public float of $75 million or more at the end of a second fiscal quarter .
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As a privately held company, we were not required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting in a manner that meets the standards of publicly traded companies required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, starting with the second annual report that we filed with the SEC as a public company, and generally requires in the same report a report by our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until we are no longer an emerging growth company, or if no longer an emerging growth company, so long as we are both a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer.
Once we are no longer an emerging growth company or both a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation and the incurrence of significant additional expenditures. Testing and maintaining internal controls may divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to our business.
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The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and harm our results of operations.
In connection with the implementation of the necessary procedures and practices related to internal control over financial reporting, we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. In addition, we may encounter problems or delays in completing the remediation of any deficiencies identified by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the issuance of their attestation report. Our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock, and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain executive management and qualified board members.
As a publicly traded company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we were not required to incur in the recent past, particularly after we are no longer (i) an emerging growth company as defined under the JOBS Act ; or (ii) both a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer as defined in the rules under the Exchange Act . We are required to file with the SEC annual and quarterly information and other reports that are specified in Section 13 of the Exchange Act. We are also required to ensure that we have the ability to prepare financial statements that are fully compliant with all SEC reporting requirements on a timely basis. We are also subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, including the requirements of Nasdaq, and certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including Section 404 relating to internal control over financial reporting, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which impose significant compliance obligations upon us. As a public company, among other things, we have to:
prepare and distribute periodic public reports and other stockholder communications in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws and applicable Nasdaq rules;
maintain our majority independent Board of Directors and maintain certain committees of the board;
maintain comprehensive financial reporting and disclosure compliance functions;
maintain our investor relations function;
maintain and enhance as necessary internal policies, including those relating to disclosure controls and procedures; and
involve and retain to a greater degree outside counsel and accountants in the activities listed above.
These changes have required a significant commitment of additional resources and many of our competitors have complied with these obligations longer than we have. We may not be successful in continuing to comply with these obligations and the significant commitment of resources required for complying with them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if we fail to comply with the requirements with respect to our internal accounting and audit functions, including the requirement that management assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, our ability to report our results of operations on a timely and accurate basis could be impaired and we could sufferadverse regulatory consequences or violate Nasdaq listing standards. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our consolidated financial statements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The changes necessitated by becoming a public company has required a significant commitment of resources and management oversight that has increased and may continue to increase our costs and might place a strain on our systems and resources. As a result, our management’s attention might be diverted from other business concerns. If we fail to maintain an effective internal control environment or to comply with the numerous legal and regulatory requirements imposed on public companies, we could make material
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errors in, and be required to restate, our consolidated financial statements. Any such restatement could result in a loss of public confidence in the reliability of our consolidated financial statements and sanctions imposed on us by the SEC.
A global health emergency, epidemic or pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business .
A global health emergency, epidemic or pandemic could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition due to the occurrence of some or all of the following events or circumstances, among others:
our and our third-party suppliers’, logistics providers’, and other business partners’ inability to manage our or their business effectively;
tightening of available credit;
decrease in customer demand for our products;
temporary inventory shortages caused by difficulties in predicting demand for our products and services and longer lead-times due to import/export conditions such as port congestion, and local government orders; and
incurrence of significant increases to employee healthcare and benefits costs.
In addition, it remains uncertain how a global health emergency, an epidemic, or pandemic could impact our supply chain, consumer demand for our products and services, and consumer preferences generally.
Recent Developments
Appointment of Permanent Chief Financial Officer
On February 3, 2026, the Company appointed Heidi Crane as its permanent Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), effective February 4, 2026 (“CFO Effective Date”). Ms. Crane served as the Company’s fractional CFO beginning in October 2025. Upon the CFO Effective Date, Ms. Crane transitioned to a full-time employee of the Company, as well as its principal financial officer and principal accounting officer .
Impact of Macroeconomic Trends on Business
Changing macroeconomic factors, including inflation, interest rates, tariffs or bans, world events, wars and domestic and international conflicts, existing and future laws, regulations and directives and executive orders, and overall consumer confidence with respect to current and future economic conditions have directly impacted our sales as discretionary consumer spending levels and shopping behavior fluctuate with these factors. We have responded to these factors by taking appropriate pricing, promotional and other actions to stimulate customer demand. These factors are expected to continue to have an impact on our business, results of operations, our growth and financial condition.
Liquidity
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The primary sources of funds for our business activities are cash flows from operations and our 2025 Credit Agreement. We believe the cash on hand, cash provided by operations and cash available under the 2025 Credit Agreement will enable us to meet our obligations for at least the next 12 months. For further information on the 2025 Credit Agreement, see Note 5, Debt .
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Key Operating and Financial Metrics
We collect and analyze operating and financial data to assess the performance of our business and optimize resource allocation. The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the periods presented (in thousands, except for percentages and Average Order Value).
Gross Margin
Net loss
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)
Active Customers
Average Order Value
For a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and why we consider them useful, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Gross Margin
We define Gross Margin as gross profit as a percentage of our net revenue. Gross profit is equal to our net revenue less cost of revenue. Certain of our competitors and other retailers may report cost of revenue differently than we do. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and Gross Margin may not be comparable to other companies .
Active Customers
We define Active Customers as the number of customers who have made at least one purchase across our platform in the prior 12-month period. Active Customer count is measured as of the last day of the relevant period. We consider the number of Active Customers to be a key performance metric on the basis that it is directly related to consumer awareness of our brand, our ability to attract visitors to our primarily digital platform, and our ability to convert visitors to paying customers. Active Customers counts are based on deduplication logic using customer account and guest checkout name, address, and email information .
Average Order Value
We define Average Order Value (“AOV”) as the sum of the total gross sales before returns across our platform in a given period, plus shipping revenue, less discounts and markdowns, divided by the Total Orders Placed (as defined below) in that period. AOV reflects the average basket size of our customers. AOV may fluctuate as we continue investing in the development and introduction of new Lulus’ merchandise and as a result of our promotional discount activity .
Total Orders Placed
We define Total Orders Placed as the number of customer orders placed across our platform during a particular period. An order is counted on the day the customer places the order. We do not adjust the number of Total Orders Placed for any cancellation or return that may have occurred subsequent to a customer placing an order. We consider Total Orders Placed as a key performance metric on the basis that it is directly related to our ability to attract and retain customers as well as drive purchase frequency. Total Orders Placed, together with AOV, is an indicator of the net revenue we expect to generate in a particular period .
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We report our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with additional useful information in evaluating our performance and that excluding certain items that may vary substantially in frequency and magnitude period-to-period from net loss provides useful supplemental measures that assist in evaluating our ability to generate earnings and to more readily compare these metrics between past and future periods. These non-GAAP financial measures may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies.
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Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes or benefit, depreciation and amortization adjusted to exclude the effects of equity-based compensation expense and other non-routine expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results and in comparing operating results across periods.
To supplement our audited consolidated financial statements which are prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Adjusted EBITDA Margin” (collectively referred to as “Adjusted EBITDA”) which are non-GAAP financial measures. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are several limitations related to the use of our non-GAAP financial measures as compared to the closest comparable GAAP measures. Some of these limitations include:
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect certain non-routine expenses that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;
Adjusted EBITDA excludes equity-based compensation which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;
Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and
Other companies in our industry may calculate such measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.
Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only supplementally. As noted in the table below, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments to exclude the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, income taxes, equity-based compensation and goodwill impairment. It is reasonable to expect that some of these items will occur in future periods. However, we believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our business and may complicate comparisons of our internal results of operations and results of operations of other companies over time. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for other items that we do not expect to regularly record. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph and in the following reconciliation table help management with a measure of our core operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as Adjusted EBITDA (as defined above) as a percentage of our net revenue .
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The following table provides a reconciliation for Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin:
(52 weeks)
(52 weeks)
(53 weeks)
(in thousands)
Net loss
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense
Income tax provision (benefit)
Equity-based compensation expense (1)
Other non-routine expense (2)
Goodwill impairment
Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss margin
Adjusted EBITDA margin
2025 includes equity -based compensation expense for performance stock units (“PSUs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted during the period and prior periods. 2024 includes equity-based compensation expense for PSUs and RSUs granted during the period and prior periods, equity-based awards granted in prior periods, as well as forfeitures partially offset by accelerated vesting expense associated with the resignation of directors during the period. 2023 includes equity-based compensation expense for PSUs granted during the period and RSUs granted during the period and prior periods, accelerated expense associated with the voluntary forfeiture of stock options, and equity-based awards granted in prior periods.
2025 includes non-routine severance expenses related to a reduction in force to streamline the Company’s merchandising and buying function.
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net cash provided by operating activities less cash used for capitalized software development costs and purchases of property and equipment. We view Free Cash Flow as an important indicator of our liquidity because it measures the amount of cash we generate. Free Cash Flow does not represent the total residual cash flow available for discretionary purposes. Due to such limitations, Free Cash Flow should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only supplementally.
A reconciliation to non-GAAP Free Cash Flow from net cash provided by operating activities for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):
Net cash provided by operating activities
Capitalized software development costs
Purchases of property and equipment
Free Cash Flow
Factors Affecting Our Performance
Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including what is discussed below. See Part I, “ Item 1A. Risk Factors ” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Customer Acquisition
Our business performance depends in part on our continued ability to cost-effectively acquire new customers. We define customer acquisition cost (“CAC”) as our brand and performance marketing expenses attributable to acquiring new customers, including, but not limited to, agency costs and marketing team costs but excluding any applicable equity-based compensation, divided by the number of customers who placed their first order with us in a given period. As a primarily digital brand, our marketing strategy is primarily focused
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on brand awareness marketing and digital advertising in channels like search, social, and programmatic – platforms that enable us to engage our customer where she spends her time, and in many cases also quickly track the success of our marketing, which allows us to adjust and optimize our marketing spend .
Customer Retention
Our continued success depends in part on our ability to retain and drive repeat purchases from our existing customers. We monitor retention across our entire customer base. Our goal is to attract and convert visitors into Active Customers and foster relationships that drive repeat purchases. During the trailing 12 months ended December 28, 2025, we served 2.3 million Active Customers compared to 2.6 million for the trailing 12 months ended December 29, 2024.
Inventory Management
We utilize a data-driven strategy that leverages our proprietary reorder algorithm to manage inventory as efficiently as possible. Our “test, learn, and reorder” approach consists of limited inventory purchases followed by the analysis of proprietary data including real-time transaction data and customer feedback, which then informs our selection and customization of popular merchandise prior to reordering in larger quantities. While our initial orders are limited in size and financial risk and our supplier partners are highly responsive, we nonetheless purchase inventory in anticipation of future demand and therefore are exposed to potential shifts in customer preferences and price sensitivity over time. We will adjust our inventory purchases to align with the current needs of the business .
Investment in Our Operations and Infrastructure
We will continue to invest in our operations and infrastructure to facilitate further operational efficiencies and growth of our business, while managing expenses to align with our net revenue expectations and goals to return to profitability. We will continue to carefully evaluate any new investments or capital spending initiatives as we believe that a disciplined approach to capital spending will enable us to generate positive returns on our investments over the long term.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Net Revenue
Net revenue consists primarily of gross sales, net of merchandise returns, international duties and taxes and promotional discounts and markdowns, generated from the sale of apparel, footwear, and accessories. Net revenue excludes sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities. We recognize net revenue at the point in time when control of the ordered product is transferred to the customer, which we generally determine to have occurred upon shipment .
Net revenue is impacted by our number of customers and their spending habits, AOV, product assortment and availability, and marketing and promotional activities. During any given period, we may seek to increase sales by increasing promotional discounts, and in other periods we may instead seek to increase sales by increasing our selling and marketing expenses. We consider both actions together, so increased promotional discounts in a period, which would reduce net revenue accordingly in such period, might also result in lower selling and marketing expenses in such period. Similarly, if we increase selling and marketing expenses in a given period, promotional discounts may be correspondingly reduced, thereby improving net revenue.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Cost of revenue consists of the product costs of merchandise sold to customers; shipping and handling costs, including all inbound, outbound, and return shipping expenses; rent, insurance, business property tax, utilities, depreciation and amortization, and repairs and maintenance related to our distribution facilities; and charges related to inventory shrinkage, damages, and our allowance for excess or obsolete inventory. Cost of revenue is primarily driven by growth in orders placed by customers, the mix of the product available for sale on our site, and transportation costs related to inventory receipts from our suppliers. We expect our cost of revenue to fluctuate as a percentage of net revenue primarily due to how we manage our inventory and merchandise mix.
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Gross profit is equal to our net revenue less cost of revenue. We calculate Gross Margin as gross profit as a percentage of our net revenue. Our Gross Margin varies across Lulus, exclusive to Lulus, and third-party branded products. Exclusive to Lulus consists of products that we develop with design partners and have exclusive rights to sell across our platform, but that do not bear the Lulus brand. Gross Margin on sales of Lulus and exclusive to Lulus merchandise is generally higher than Gross Margin on sales of third-party branded products, which we offer for customers to “round out” the shopping basket. As we continue to optimize our distribution capabilities and gain more negotiation leverage with suppliers, our Gross Margin may fluctuate from period to period depending on the interplay of these factors .
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Our selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of payment processing fees, advertising, targeted online performance marketing and customer order courtesy adjustments. Selling and marketing expenses also include our spend on brand marketing channels, including compensation and free products to social media influencers, events, and other forms of online and offline marketing related to growing and retaining the customer base. As discussed in “Net Revenue” above, in any given period, the amount of our selling and marketing expense can be affected by the use of promotional discounts in such period .
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of fixed and variable labor payroll and benefits costs, including equity-based compensation for our employees involved in general corporate functions including finance, merchandising, marketing, and technology, as well as costs associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, including depreciation and amortization, rent and other occupancy expenses. General and administrative expenses are primarily driven by headcount related costs required to support our business and meet our obligations as a public company .
Goodwill impairment
Goodwill as described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, is stated at the excess of the acquisition price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a purchase acquisition and is not amortized. The Company reviews its goodwill for impairment at least annually (on the first day of the fourth quarter) or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. If the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds the fair value, the Company recognizes goodwill impairment.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists of interest expense related to the prior credit agreement with Bank of America (“Prior Credit Agreement”) and the 2025 Credit Agreement .
Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes
The benefit (provision) for income taxes represents federal, state, and local income taxes. The effective rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to non-deductible equity-based compensation expenses, non-deductible officer compensation, valuation allowance and state taxes. Our effective tax rate will change from quarter to quarter based on recurring and nonrecurring factors including, but not limited to, the geographical mix of earnings, enacted tax legislation, state and local income taxes, the impact of permanent tax adjustments, tax audit settlements, and the interaction of various tax strategies.
We regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) and record a valuation allowance to reduce the DTAs to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of our DTAs, we weigh all available positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, historical earnings, scheduled reversal of taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income. Due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, we established a valuation allowance as of December 29, 2024 of $14.9 million and increased the allowance to $16.7 million as of December 28 , 2025 .
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Our Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our consolidated results of operations for the years presented and as a percentage of net revenue:
(in thousands, except percentages)
Net revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Selling and marketing expenses
General and administrative expenses
Goodwill impairment
Loss from operations
Interest expense
Other income, net
Loss before benefit (provision) for income taxes
Income tax benefit (provision)
Net loss
NM – not meaningful
Net revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Selling and marketing expenses
General and administrative expenses
Goodwill impairment
Loss from operations
Interest expense
Other income, net
Loss before benefit (provision) for income taxes
Income tax benefit (provision)
Net loss
Comparisons for the Fiscal Years Ended December 28, 2025 and December 29, 2024
Net Revenue
Net revenue decreased in 2025 by $33.6 million, or 11%, compared to 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decline of 15% in Total Orders Placed, along with slightly higher return rates partially offset by higher AOV compared to 2024.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue decreased in 2025 by $25.4 million, or 14% compared to 2024, which was primarily driven by lower shipping costs and product cost due to favorable shipping rates and reduced sales volume.
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased in 2025 by $8.2 million or 6% compared to 2024 which was primarily driven by the impact of the lower volume of sales, partially offset by improvements in merchandise margins and logistics costs.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses decreased in 2025 by $6.3 million, or 9% compared to 2024, due to lower online marketing costs of $4.9 million, lower merchant processing fees of $0.9 million along with reduced marketing software spend and other marketing costs of $0.5 million.
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General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased in 2025 by $13.3 million, or 16%, compared to 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.9 million decrease in fixed labor and benefits costs driven by reduced fixed headcount, a $3.7 million decrease in equity-based compensation expense, a $2.0 million decrease in variable labor and benefits associated with lower sales volume and increased process efficiency, a $1.2 million decrease in liability insurance and legal and professional fees and a $1.5 million decrease in software, occupancy, depreciation and amortization.
Goodwill Impairment
No goodwill impairment was recognized in 2025. In 2024 we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment expense of $28.4 million.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased in 2025 by $1.2 million, or 94%, compared to 2024. The increase is primarily attributable to higher average borrowings and w rite-off of loan amendment fees related to the Prior Credit Agreement of $ 0.9 millio n.
Income Tax Provision
Our income tax provision was $0.2 million in 2025 compared to $2.3 million in 2024. The decrease of $2.1 million was primarily due to a decrease in deferred tax provision of $4.5 million which was partially offset by a state income tax benefit of $2.4 million that included a one-time state refund benefit of $2.2 million received in 2024.
Quarterly Trends and Seasonality
We experience moderate seasonal fluctuations in aggregate sales volume during the year. Seasonality in our business does not follow that of traditional retailers, such as a typical concentration of revenue in the holiday quarter. Our net revenue is typically highest in the second and third quarters due to the increased demand for event dresses in the spring and summer. Net revenue is typically the lowest in the first and fourth quarters when event dresses are less in demand. The seasonality of our business has resulted in variability in our total net revenue quarter-to-quarter. We believe that this seasonality has affected and will continue to affect our results of operations. We recognized 23%, 29%, 26%, and 22% of our annual net revenue during the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2025, respectively.
While our quarterly gross profit generally fluctuates in line with our net revenue, it is also based on how we manage our inventory and merchandise mix and can be further affected by non-recurring, external factors, such as global pandemics or trade wars.
Selling and marketing expenses generally fluctuate with net revenue. Further, in any given period, the amount of our selling and marketing expense can be affected by the use of promotional discounts in such period. In addition, we may increase or decrease marketing spend to assist with optimizing inventory mix and quantities.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and benefit costs and vary quarter to quarter due to changes in the number of seasonal workers to meet demand based on our seasonality.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash generated from operating activities and borrowings under our 2025 Credit Agreement. Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are inventory purchases, payroll and general operating expenses, capital expenditures associated with our distribution facilities, capitalized software and debt service requirements.
Credit Facilities
On November 15, 2021, we entered into the Prior Credit Agreement with Bank of America (the “lender”) to provide a revolving facility that provided for borrowings up to $50.0 million with a maturity date of November 15, 2024. The Prior Credit Agreement was amended subsequently by five amendments which modified a number of terms, including extending the maturity date to August 22, 2025, reducing and ultimately prohibiting further borrowings, revising the applicable interest rates, revising or providing limited waivers of compliance with certain financial covenants, and adding covenants related to achieving a refinancing transaction. The interest rates in effect under the Prior Credit Agreement, as amended, during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 28, 2025 were as
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follows: (a) in the case of Base Rate Loans, the Base Rate plus 5% (increased from a margin of 4%), (b) in the case of Term SOFR Loans, Term SOFR (subject to a credit spread adjustment of 10 basis points) plus (i) 6% (increased from a margin of 5%), and (c) the Letter of Credit Fee of 6% (increased from 5%).
On June 23, 2025, we entered into a Forbearance Agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) related to the Prior Credit Agreement with the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer (the “Lenders”). Pursuant to the terms of the Forbearance Agreement, the Administrative Agent and Lenders agreed that they would forbear, during the Forbearance Period (as defined in the Forbearance Agreement), from exercising any and all rights and remedies with respect to or arising out of the events of default that occurred as a result of the Company’s failure to comply with certain Refinancing Transaction Milestones (as defined in the Forbearance Agreement) by the specified dates under Sections 6.19(a), (c) and (d) of the Prior Credit Agreement. On August 11, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the Forbearance Agreement and the fifth amendment to the Prior Credit Agreement which extended the Forbearance Period and maturity date to August 22, 2025. Under the terms of the Forbearance Agreement, as amended, the Refinancing Transaction Milestones were due on the maturity date. No fees were paid in connection with the forbearance. The Forbearance Agreement was not entered into as a result of financial distress, but rather to provide additional time to finalize and execute the 2025 Credit Agreement.
On August 14, 2025, we entered into the 2025 Credit Agreement. The 2025 Credit Agreement is comprised of an asset-based revolving credit facility with a $20.0 million commitment, a $5.0 million uncommitted accordion and a $1.0 million sublimit for letters of credit. The amount that the Borrowers may borrow under the 2025 Credit Agreement is based on a borrowing base calculated on advance rates for various assets serving as collateral for the 2025 Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the 2025 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to the 30-day SOFR rate plus 3.95%. The 2025 Credit Agreement is secured by a first-priority security interest in and lien upon all tangible and intangible personal property of the Borrowers now owned or acquired in the future. The 2025 Credit Agreement includes covenants that limit the Borrowers’ ability to incur indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to make certain payments and investments, to engage in transactions with affiliates, to guarantee indebtedness and to sell or otherwise dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with other entities. The 2025 Credit Agreement also includes a financial covenant for minimum excess availability under the 2025 Credit Agreement. It also requires us to maintain lockbox accounts and cash management arrangements under the control of the Administrative Agent, who has full dominion and control over each Collection Account and all Deposit Accounts (except Excluded Accounts). Outstanding borrowings are classified as current liabilities, however, the 2025 Credit Agreement does not mature until August 14, 2028.
On October 28, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the 2025 Credit Agreement, which clarified the terms related to the manner in which interest is calculated, provides us greater flexibility with respect to the location of our corporate headquarters and extends the amount of time to produce our borrowing base reports.
The initial funding of the 2025 Credit Agreement occurred on August 14, 2025, and the proceeds were used in part to repay approximately $6.0 million outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement. In connection with entering into the 2025 Credit Agreement and the repayment in full of all outstanding obligations under the Prior Credit Agreement, the Prior Credit Agreement, along with the related Forbearance Agreement, as amended, were terminated.
As of December 28, 2025, the outstanding borrowing under the 2025 Credit Agreement was $14.4 million in addition to a $0.3 million letter of credit outstanding. After giving effect to the excess availability covenant and the outstanding letter of credit, the unused availability was $1.3 million. During 2025, the Company borrowed $115.1 million and repaid $100.7 million under the 2025 Credit Agreement and had a weighted average interest rate of 10.7%.
Availability and Use of Cash
As of December 28, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.7 million. During the year ended December 28, 2025, we took certain cost reduction and cash conservation measures, including headcount reductions, adjustments to marketing spend, and other fixed, variable, and capital spend. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The primary sources of funds for our business activities are cash flows from operations and our 2025 Credit Agreement. We believe the cash on hand, cash provided by operations and cash available under the 2025 Credit Agreement will enable us to meet our obligations for at least the next 12 months. For further information on the 2025 Credit Agreement, see Note 5, Debt . Actual results of operations will depend on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control as further discussed in Part I, “ Item 1A. Risk Factors ” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Repurchases Pursuant to the 2024 Repurchase Program
On May 3, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $2.5 million of our common stock (the “2024 Repurchase Program”). During 2025, we repurchased 123,934 shares of common stock in open market transactions pursuant to 10b5-1 purchase plans entered into by the Company for a total cost of $0.9 million. As of December 28, 2025, there was $1.1 million available under the 2024 Repurchase Program authorization.
The actual timing, number, and value of shares repurchased in the future will be determined at our discretion and will continue to depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, applicable legal requirements, our capital needs, and whether there is a better alternative use of capital. Repurchases will continue to be funded from our existing cash and cash equivalents, or future cash flow. The 2024 Repurchase Program may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time. For further information on the 2024 Repurchase Program, see Note 8, Stockholder’s Equity , of the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cash Flow Analysis
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, amortization, noncash lease expense, equity-based compensation, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.
During 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $1.4 million, which primarily consisted of a net loss of $13.7 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $14.3 million and a net change of $0.8 million in operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of $5.1 million of depreciation and amortization, $4.5 million of equity-based compensation expense, and $4.5 million of non-cash lease expense. The net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by a $3.1 million decrease in income tax receivable due to the receipt of state income tax refunds and a $2.2 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities primarily driven by increase in returns reserve and stored-value card liabilities. These increases were partially offset by a $4.3 million decrease in operating lease liabilities and a $2.7 million increase in accounts payable.
During 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $2.6 million, which primarily consisted of a net loss of $55.3 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $50.4 million and a net change of $7.5 million in operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of $28.4 million of goodwill impairment, $8.1 million of equity-based compensation expense, $5.5 million of depreciation and amortization, $4.1 million of non-cash lease expense and $3.8 million of deferred income taxes. The net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by a $4.8 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities primarily driven by increase in returns reserve and stored-value card liabilities, a $2.1 million decrease in accounts payable related to purchases activity in line with sales, a $1.4 million decrease of accounts receivable driven by lower sales and a $1.4 million increase in inventory. These increases were partially offset by a $3.5 million decrease in operating lease liabilities.
Investing Activities
Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases of equipment to support our overall business growth and internally developed software for the continued development of our proprietary technology infrastructure. Purchases of property and equipment may vary from period to period due to the timing of the expansion or contraction of our operations. We have no material commitments for capital expenditures.
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During 2025, as compared to 2024, net cash used in investing activities decreased by $0.8 million, primarily due to lower purchases of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
Financing activities consist primarily of borrowings and repayments related to our revolving facility under the Prior Credit Agreement and the 2025 Credit Agreement.
During 2025, cash used in financing activities was $1.0 million, primarily due to $100.7 million of repayments under our 2025 Credit Agreement, $13.1 million of repayments under our Prior Credit Agreement, $1.3 million of principal payments of finance lease obligations, and $0.9 million used in the repurchase of our common stock, partially offset by $115.1 million of proceeds from borrowings under our 2025 Credit Agreement.
During 2024, cash provided by financing activities was $2.2 million, primarily due to $33.1 million of proceeds from borrowings under our Prior Credit Agreement which was partially offset by $28.0 million of repayments under our Prior Credit Agreement, $1.4 million of principal payments on finance lease obligations, $1.3 million of withholding tax payments related to the vesting of equity-based awards and $0.5 million used in the repurchase of our common stock.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
Our most significant contractual obligations relate to our 2025 Credit Agreement and operating lease obligations on our distribution facilities and corporate offices. For information on our 2025 Credit Agreement, see Note 5, Debt , and for information on our contractual obligations for operating leases, see Note 6, Leases , of the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.
We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, equity-based compensation, and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, please see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies , of the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue Recognition
While our revenue recognition does not involve significant judgment, it represents an important accounting policy. We generate revenue both from the sale of merchandise products sold directly to end customers and to wholesale customers. We recognize revenue when the product is transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment. We estimate a reserve of future returns based on historical return rates. There is judgment in utilizing historical trends for estimating future returns. Our refund for sales returns is included in returns reserve and asset for recovery on the consolidated balance sheets and represents the expected value of the refund that will be due to our customers.
The Company also estimates breakage related to store credits using historical redemption rates for each store credit issuance year, which reflects customer redemption patterns. The Company periodically evaluates redemption patterns and may record adjustments to its breakage estimate from time to time. These changes may impact trends for the quarter and/or year in the period the changes are made.
Income Taxes
We compute our provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which DTAs and DTLs are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and
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for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. DTAs and DTLs are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which they are expected to be realized or settled.
DTAs are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization, including our recent cumulative loss, earnings expectations in earlier future years, and other relevant factors.
As of December 28, 2025, we had approximately $23.9 million in gross DTAs and $8.1 million in gross DTLs, which resulted in a net DTA of $15.8 million. These DTAs include approximately $5.9 million related to net operating loss carryforwards that can be used to offset taxable income in future periods and reduce our income taxes payable in those future periods. Some of these net operating loss carryforwards will expire if they are not used within certain periods. At this time, based on evidence currently available, we consider it more likely than not that we will not have sufficient taxable income in the future that will allow us to realize the DTAs. Due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, we established a valuation allowance in the prior year of $14.9 million and increased the allowance to $16.7 million as of December 28 , 2025 , which reduced the tax benefit recognized in the current year, impacting our results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements , of the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about recent accounting pronouncements, the timing of their adoption, and our assessment, to the extent we have made one, of their potential impact on our financial position and our results of operations.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period until we are no longer an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
