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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.05pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.05pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
-0.04pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+6
unable+4
adverse+3
litigation+3
limitations+3
Positive rising
able+3
progress+3
achieve+2
effective+1
greater+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
20,188 words
RISK FACTORS
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
CYBERSECURITY
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
PART II
MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
[RESERVED]
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
OTHER INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
PART III
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
PART IV
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+6
loss+6
litigation+6
unable+4
volatility+4
Positive rising
gain+4
able+3
achieve+3
progress+3
successfully+2
MD&A (Item 7)
30,021 words
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
OTHER INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
PART III
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
PART IV
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
SIGNATURES
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following are abbreviations and definitions of certain terms which may be used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) and certain terms which are commonly used in the exploration, production and midstream sectors of the oil and natural gas industry:
The following are abbreviations and definitions of certain terms which may be used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) and certain terms which are commonly used in the exploration, production and midstream sectors of the oil and natural gas industry:
• Bbl. One stock tank barrel of 42 United States (“U.S.”) gallons liquid volume used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids
• Bcf. One billion cubic feet
• Bcf/d. One Bcf per day
• Breviloba. Breviloba, LLC
• Btu. One British thermal unit, which is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water by one degree Fahrenheit
• CODM . Chief Operating Decision Maker
• Delaware Basin . Located on the western section of the Permian Basin. The Delaware Basin covers a 6.4 million acre area
• EBITDA. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
• EMI or EMIs. Equity Method Investment(s)
• EPIC. Epic Crude Holdings, LP
• FASB. Financial Accounting Standards Board
• FOMC. Federal Open Market Committee
• Field. An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs, all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations
• Formation. A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differs from nearby rock
• GAAP . United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
• GHG. Greenhouse gas
• IRC. Internal Revenue Code
• MBbl. One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGLs
• MBbl/d. One MBbl per day
• Mcf. One thousand cubic feet of natural gas
• Mcf/d. One Mcf per day
• MMBtu. One million British thermal units
• MMcf. One million cubic feet of natural gas
• MMcf/d. One MMcf per day
• MVC . Minimum volume commitments
• NGL or NGLs. Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas, which may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline
• PHP. Permian Highway Pipeline, LLC
• Throughput. The volume of crude oil, natural gas, NGLs, water and refined petroleum products transported or passing through a pipeline, plant, terminal or other facility during a particular period
• SEC . United States Securities and Exchange Commission
• SOFR . Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISKS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, including, without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected revenues, projected costs and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “believe,” “continue,” “seek,” “guidance,” “might,” “outlook,” “possibly,” “potential,” “prospect,” “should,” “would,” or similar terminology, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable under the circumstances, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to, assumptions about:
• our ability to integrate operations or realize any anticipated benefits, savings or growth of business combinations. See Note 3 — Business Combinations in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in this Annual Report;
• the market prices of oil, natural gas, NGLs, and other products or services;
• competition from other pipelines, terminals or other forms of transportation and competition from other service providers for gathering system capacity and availability;
• production rates, throughput volumes, reserve levels, and development success of dedicated oil and gas fields;
• our future financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, compliance with debt covenants and competitive position;
• our future revenues, cash flows and expenses;
• our access to capital and our anticipated liquidity;
• our future business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations;
• the amount, nature and timing of our future capital expenditures, including future development costs;
• the risks associated with potential acquisitions, divestitures, new joint ventures or other strategic opportunities;
• the recruitment and retention of our officers and personnel;
• the likelihood of success of and impact of litigation and other proceedings, including regulatory proceedings;
• our assessment of our counterparty risk and the ability of our counterparties to perform their future obligations;
• the impact of federal, state, and local political, regulatory and environmental developments where we conduct our business operations;
• the changes in the U.S. and foreign trade policy and the impact of tariffs on our business and results of operations;
• the occurrence of an extreme weather event, terrorist attack or other event that materially impacts project construction and our operations, including cyber or other operational electronic systems;
• our ability to successfully implement, execute and achieve our sustainability goals and initiatives;
• the realizability and valuation allowance assessment of our net deferred tax asset position;
• general economic and political conditions, including interest rates, inflation, the global geopolitical conflicts, foreign and domestic trade policies under the Trump Administration and other factors; and
• other factors disclosed under Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors , Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations , Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
iii
Other factors or events that could cause the actual results of Kinetik Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “Kinetik”) to differ materially from the Company’s expectations may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all such factors or events. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company, or persons acting on its behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise its forward-looking statements, whether based on changes in internal estimates or expectations, new information, future developments, or otherwise.
Risk Factors Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. Please refer to Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors in this Annual Report below for additional discussion of the risks summarized in this Risk Factors Summary.
Business and Operational Risks
• The majority of the Company’s operating assets are currently located in the Permian Basin, making it vulnerable to risks associated with operating in a single geographic area.
• Because of the natural decline in hydrocarbon production from existing wells, the Company’s success depends, in part, on its ability to maintain or increase hydrocarbon throughput volumes on its midstream systems, which depends on its customers’ levels of development and completion activity on its dedicated acreage.
• We may experience difficulties completing acquisitions or divestitures or integrating new businesses and properties, and we may be unable to achieve the benefits we expect from any future acquisitions or divestitures.
• The Company owns interests in certain pipeline projects and other joint ventures, and the Company’s control of such entities is limited.
• If the third-party pipelines interconnected to the Company’s pipelines become unavailable to transport or store crude oil, NGLs or natural gas, or if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
• The third parties on whom the Company relies for transportation services from its processing facilities are subject to complex federal, state, and other laws that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
• The Company’s customers may suspend, reduce or terminate their obligations under the Company’s commercial agreements with them.
• Increased competition from other companies that provide midstream services, or from alternative fuel sources, could have a negative impact on the demand for the Company’s services.
• The Company’s exposure to commodity price risk may change over time and the Company cannot guarantee the terms of any existing or future agreements for its midstream services with its customers.
• The use of derivative financial instruments could result in material financial losses by us.
• The Company’s construction of new midstream assets may not be completed on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, may not operate as designed or at the expected levels, or may be subject to new or additional regulatory, environmental, political, contractual, legal and economic risks.
• The Company’s business involves many hazards and operational risks, some of which may not be fully covered by insurance.
• A shortage of equipment and skilled labor could reduce equipment availability and labor productivity and increase labor and equipment costs.
Environmental and Regulatory Risks Related to the Company
• The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and its business and profitability could be adversely affected by actions by governmental entities, changes to current laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with laws or regulations.
• Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
• Rate regulation, challenges by shippers to the rates the Company charges on its pipelines or changes in the jurisdictional characterization of some of the Company’s assets by federal, state or local regulatory agencies or a change in policy by those agencies may result in increased regulation of its assets, which may cause its operating expenses to increase, limit the rates it charges for certain services and decrease the amount of cash flows.
• Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to pipeline safety, which are often subject to change, may result in more stringent regulations or enforcement and could subject the Company to increased operational costs, increased capital costs and potential operational delays.
• Increased regulation of hydraulic fracturing could result in reductions or delays in crude oil and natural gas production by the Company’s customers, which could reduce the throughput on its gathering and other midstream systems.
• Adoption of new or more stringent legal standards relating to induced seismic activity associated with produced-water disposal could affect the Company’s operations.
• The Company may incur significant liability under, or costs and expenditures to comply with, health, safety and environmental laws and regulations, which are complex and subject to frequent change.
• Legislation, executive orders and regulatory initiatives relating to climate change could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, while potential physical effects of climate change could disrupt the Company’s operations, cause damage to its pipelines and other facilities and cause it to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
• Increased attention to sustainability-related matters and conservation measures may adversely impact the Company’s business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
• Entities controlled by Blackstone Inc. (“Blackstone”) and ISQ Global Fund II GP, LLC (“I Squared Capital”) are parties to the amended and restated stockholders agreement granting certain director designation rights and own a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and thus could strongly influence all of the Company’s corporate actions.
• Potential future sales pursuant to registration rights granted by the Company and under Rule 144 may depress the market price for our shares of Class A Common Stock
• The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases depends on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which it may not be able to accomplish.
• The Company’s charter designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by its stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, employees or agents.
• If the Company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to report accurately its financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential holders of the Company’s equity could lose confidence in its financial reporting, which would harm its business and cost of capital.
• If the performance of the Company does not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of the Company’s securities may decline.
• We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value.
General Risks
• Continuing or worsening inflationary issues and associated changes in monetary policy have resulted in and may result in additional increases to the cost of the Company’s services and personnel.
• Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments.
• The Company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control.
• Cybersecurity breaches of our IT systems could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
• Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and financial or operational performance in any given period.
Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
PART I
ITEMS 1 and 2. BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES
Overview
We are an integrated midstream energy company in the Permian Basin providing comprehensive gathering, transportation, compression, processing and treating services. Our core capabilities include a variety of service offerings including natural gas gathering, transportation, compression, treating and processing; NGLs stabilization and transportation; produced water gathering and disposal; and crude oil gathering, stabilization, storage and transportation. We have over 2.4 Bcf/d cryogenic natural gas processing capacity strategically located across Texas and New Mexico. As measured by processing capacity, we are the fourth largest natural gas processor in the Delaware Basin and fourth largest across the entire Permian Basin. In addition, we have equity interests in two long-term contracted pipelines transporting natural gas, NGLs, and crude oil from the Permian Basin to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets.
Significant Transactions and Recent Developments
Barilla Draw Acquisition
On January 14, 2025, the Company completed the previously announced bolt-on acquisition with Permian Resources Corporation, who directly owned all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of (a) RC Permian Gathering, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Permian Gathering”) and (b) Barilla Draw Gathering, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Barilla Draw”), to acquire all issued and outstanding membership interests of Permian Gathering and Barilla Draw (the “Barilla Draw Acquisition”) for $175.5 million of cash consideration. Refer to Note 3—Business Combinations in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report Form 10-K for further information.
EPIC Sale
On October 31, 2025, the Company consummated the previously announced Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among Altus Midstream Processing LP, a Delaware limited partnership and indirect subsidiary of the Company, Kinetik EC Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and indirect subsidiary of the Company (“Kinetik Sellers”), with Rattler Midstream Operating LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Rattler”), Rattler OMOG LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Rattler OMOG” together with Rattler, the “Diamondback Sellers” and, the Diamondback Sellers together with the Kinetik Sellers, the “Sellers”), Plains BK Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Buyer”), and, solely for the purposes set forth therein, each of Plains All American Pipeline, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Rattler Midstream LP, a Delaware limited partnership and Kinetik Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership, pursuant to which the Sellers agreed to sell all of their respective partnership interests in EPIC, collectively representing 55% of the outstanding interests in EPIC, to Buyer for a total purchase price of approximately $1.76 billion (the “EPIC Sale”). The Company received $504.2 million of upfront cash consideration in exchange for its 27.5% interest in EPIC. The Company recognized a net gain of $415.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 in relation to this transaction. In addition, the Company may receive approximately $96.0 million attributable to an earnout, payable upon the approval by the board of directors of the general partner of EPIC of one or more capital projects that achieve certain capacity expansion criteria. Refer to Note 7—Equity Method Investments in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report Form 10-K for further information.
Financing Activities
On March 14, 2025, the Company and Kinetik Holdings LP (the “Partnership”) completed a private placement of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Partnership’s 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “New 2028 Notes”) at 101.25% of par. The New 2028 Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture dated as of December 6, 2023, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Indenture”), pursuant to which the Partnership has previously issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Existing Notes” and together with the New 2028 Notes, the “2028 Notes”).
On April 1, 2025, the Partnership entered into an amendment to its accounts receivable securitization facility dated April 2, 2024 (as amended, the “Amended A/R Facility”) to, among other things, increase the facility limit to $250.0 million and extend the scheduled termination date to March 31, 2026.
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Index to Financial Statements
On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into a term loan credit agreement, which provides for a $1.15 billion senior unsecured term loan (the “Term Loan”) maturing on May 30, 2028 (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), and a revolving credit agreement that provides for a $1.60 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $300.0 million sublimit for swingline loans (such agreement, the “Revolving Credit Agreement”). All borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility will mature on May 30, 2030, unless such maturity date is adjusted in accordance with the Revolving Credit Agreement. In connection with entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement, the Company repaid all outstanding borrowings under and extinguished (1) the 2022 term loan credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Term Loan Credit Agreement”) and (2) the 2022 revolving credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Revolving Credit Agreement”). The Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $0.6 million for the extinguishment of these existing credit facilities.
Organizational Structure
The Company is a holding company, whose significant assets are ownership of the non-economic general partner interest and an approximate 40% limited partner interest in the Partnership. As the owner of the non-economic general partner interest in the Partnership, the Company is responsible for all related operational, management and administrative decisions and consolidates the results of the Partnership and its subsidiaries. The Company also owns equity interests in two Permian Basin pipelines that have access to various points along the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets. The Company’s operations are strategically located in the heart of the Delaware Basin in the Permian and the Company’s operational headquarters is located at 303 Veterans Airpark Lane in Midland, Texas 79705. The Company’s corporate office is located at 2700 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300, Houston, Texas 77056. The following chart summarizes our organizational structure as of December 31, 2025. For simplicity, certain entities and ownership interests have not been depicted.
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Index to Financial Statements
Industry Overview
The following diagram illustrates the Company’s primary operations along the midstream value chain:
The midstream industry is the link between the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil and condensate and the delivery of its salable commodity components to end-user markets. The midstream industry is generally characterized by regional competition based on the proximity of gathering systems and processing plants to natural gas and crude oil and condensate producing wells.
Our Operating Segments and Properties
We have two reportable operating segments with revenue streams from various products and services. The activities of each of our reportable segments from which the Company earns revenues, records equity income or losses and incurs expenses are further discussed below. The map below depicts the major assets of our core businesses.
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Index to Financial Statements
Midstream Logistics
The Midstream Logistics segment provides three service offerings: 1) gas gathering and processing, 2) crude oil gathering, stabilization and storage services and 3) produced water gathering and disposal.
Gas Gathering and Processing
The Midstream Logistics segment provides gas gathering and processing services with over 4,200 miles of low and high-pressure steel pipeline located throughout the Delaware Basin and over 825,000 horsepower of compression. Gas processing assets are centralized at eight processing complexes with total cryogenic processing capacity of over 2.4 Bcf/d: Diamond Cryogenic complex (720 MMcf/d), Pecos Bend complex (540 MMcf/d), East Toyah complex (460 MMcf/d), Pecos complex (260 MMcf/d), Kings Landing complex (200 MMcf/d), Maljamar complex (150 MMcf/d), Dagger Draw (75 MMcf/d) complex and Sierra Grande complex (60 MMcf/d). In addition, the segment provides system-wide amine treating and 6.5 MMcf/d of acid gas injection capacity. Current residue gas outlets are the El Paso Natural Gas Pipeline, Energy Transfer Comanche Trail Pipeline and Transwestern Pipeline, ONEOK Roadrunner Pipeline, Whitewater Aqua Blanca Pipeline, PHP, New Mexico Gas Company and the Company’s wholly owned and operated Delaware Link Pipeline. NGL outlets are Energy Transfer’s Lone Star NGL Pipeline, Targa’s Grand Prix NGL Pipeline, Chevron Phillips Chemical MexTex Pipeline, ONEOK West Texas NGL Pipeline and Enterprise’s Shin Oak NGL Pipeline (“Shin Oak”), which are accessed through our wholly owned and operated intrabasin NGL pipelines.
Crude Oil Gathering, Stabilization, and Storage Services
The Midstream Logistics segment provides crude oil gathering, stabilization and storage services throughout the Texas Delaware Basin. Crude gathering assets are centralized at the Caprock Stampede Terminal and the Pinnacle Sierra Grande Terminal. The system includes approximately 280 miles of gathering pipeline and 90,000 barrels of crude storage. The crude facilities have connections for takeaway transportation into certain facilities operated by Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. Over 50 miles of gathering pipeline was added to our crude gathering assets through the Barilla Draw Acquisition which closed in January 2025.
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Index to Financial Statements
Water Gathering and Disposal
In addition, the Midstream Logistics segment provides water gathering and disposal services through assets located in northern Reeves County, Texas. The system includes approximately 370 miles of gathering pipeline and approximately 580,000 barrels per day of permitted disposal capacity.
Pipeline Transportation
As of December 31, 2025, the Pipeline Transportation segment consists of two EMI Pipelines originating in the Permian Basin with various access points to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets, and our wholly owned and operated pipelines, Kinetik NGL and Delaware Link Pipelines. The pipelines transport natural gas and NGLs within the Permian Basin and to the U.S. Gulf Coast. Furthermore, the Company’s Eddy County Culberson Connector (“ECCC”) Pipeline is under construction, which provides connection from Eddy County, New Mexico to Culberson County, Texas and approximately 150 MMcf/d of rich gas throughput capacity. The ECCC Pipeline is estimated to be in-service during the second quarter of 2026.
Permian Highway Pipeline
The Company owns an approximately 55.5% equity interest in PHP, which is also owned and operated by Kinder Morgan Texas Pipeline, LLC (“Kinder Morgan”). PHP transports natural gas from the Waha area in northern Pecos County, Texas to the Katy, Texas area with connections to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets. PHP was placed in service in January 2021, with the total capacity of 2.65 Bcf/d.
Breviloba, LLC
The Company owns a 33.0% equity interest in Shin Oak, which is owned by Breviloba, and operated by Enterprise Products Operating LLC. Shin Oak transports NGLs from the Permian Basin to Mont Belvieu, Texas. Shin Oak has a total capacity of over 600 MBbl/d.
Kinetik NGL Pipeline System
The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System consists of approximately 96 miles of NGL pipelines connecting our East Toyah and Pecos complexes to Waha, including our 20-inch Dewpoint pipeline that spans 40 miles, and our 28 mile, 20-inch Brandywine Pipeline connecting to our Diamond Cryogenic complex. The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System has an approximate capacity of 580 MBbl/d.
Delaware Link Pipeline
The Delaware Link Pipeline consists of approximately 40 miles of 30-inch diameter pipeline with a capacity of approximately 1.0 Bcf/d that provides additional transportation capacity to Waha. The project reached commercial in-service in October 2023.
The following table summarizes our ownership and capacity of properties in our Pipeline Transportation segment as of December 31, 2025:
Asset
Ownership Interest
Approximate Pipeline System Miles
Capacity
Pipeline Transportation
PHP
2.65 Bcf/d
Breviloba
600 MBbl/d
Kinetik NGL Pipelines
350 MBbl/d
Brandywine Pipeline
230 MBbl/d
Delaware Link Pipeline
1.0 Bcf/d
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Index to Financial Statements
Title to Properties and Permits
Certain pipelines connecting our facilities are constructed on rights-of-way granted by the apparent record owners of the property and in some instances these rights-of-way are revocable at the election of the grantor. In several instances, lands over which rights-of-way have been obtained could be subject to prior liens that have not been subordinated to the right-of-way grants. We have obtained permits from public authorities to cross over or under, or to lay pipelines in or along, watercourses, county roads, municipal streets and state highways and, in some instances, these permits are revocable at the election of the grantor. These permits may also be subject to renewal from time to time and we will generally seek renewal or arrange alternative means of transport through additional investment or commercial agreements. We have also obtained permits from railroad companies to cross over or under lands or rights-of-way, many of which are also revocable at the grantor’s election.
We believe we have satisfactory permits and/or title to all our material rights-of-way. We also believe that we have satisfactory title to all our material assets.
Competition
The business of providing gathering, compression, processing and transmission services for natural gas and NGLs is highly competitive. The Company faces intense competition in obtaining natural gas and NGL volumes, including from major integrated and independent exploration and production companies, interstate and intrastate pipelines, and other companies that gather, compress, treat, process, transmit or market natural gas and NGLs. Competition for supplies is primarily based on geographic location of facilities in relation to production or markets, the reputation, efficiency and reliability of the midstream company, and the pricing arrangements offered by the midstream company. For areas where acreage is not dedicated to the Company, the Company will compete with similar enterprises in providing additional gathering, compression, processing and transmission services in the same area of operation.
Human Capital
At Kinetik, we recognize that our employees are our greatest asset, and their success is our success, and as such, we strive to prioritize their well-being, engagement and professional growth. We also strive to retain top talent by fostering a culture that values health and safety, respect for employees and continuous development. As of December 31, 2025, we had more than 500 employees. None of these employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Health and Safety. The Company’s Environmental, Health and Safety (“EHS”) Management System provides a systematic framework for managing environmental and safety risks, promoting continuous improvement, and driving regulatory compliance. Our focus on achieving zero incidents has driven the development of a robust health and safety program that goes beyond compliance, cultivating a culture where safety is driven by motivation is embraced. We employ computer-based tools to track environmental and safety performance, manage safety and risks and monitor key metrics. We set ambitious and measurable safety targets to support our commitment to the safety and well-being of our employees and those around us. In 2025, our Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”) was 1.20 and our Motor Vehicle Incident Rate (“MVIR”) was 1.32.
Through effective engagement, recognition and incentive programs, we aim to cultivate a culture of excellence that results in a more engaged and productive workforce. The Kinetik Employee Engagement Program (“KEEP”) gives employees a simple and direct way to report hazards, suggest improvements, or recognize coworkers. This initiative, rooted in the “See Something, Say Something” philosophy, promotes shared learning and operational excellence. In 2025, employees submitted 335 KEEP Cards, leading to 379 proactive risk mitigation actions.
In addition, we believe that a well-trained workforce is key to fostering a strong safety culture and delivering high performance. In 2025, our employees collectively completed over 20,600 hours of EHS-related training, with field-based employees averaging 44 hours each, covering a variety of topics such as environmental compliance, Company EHS policies, OSHA regulations, driver safety and emergency response.
Cultivating an Empowered Workforce. We are committed to cultivating an empowered workforce and believe that fostering a culture of appreciation empowers our workforce and inspires them to consistently deliver outstanding performance. We employ a mix of formal and informal recognition strategies, including monetary and non-monetary incentives that recognize employee performance, service milestones and exceptional contributions in safety, compliance, innovation and teamwork. Since 2021, we have conducted annual employee engagement surveys across the Company to assess workplace satisfaction, culture, communication and leadership. We use year-over-year data to track progress and identify areas for improvement. We also annually conduct focus group interviews across key locations. These face-to-face sessions, led by a third-party specialist, provide more detailed feedback beyond the employee engagement survey, offering rich, actionable inputs
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that help guide organizational progress.
At Kinetik, we are committed to maintaining a professional and inclusive environment—one where different perspectives are welcomed and all employees have the opportunity to thrive. Along with annually acknowledging our Code of Business Conduct (the “Code of Conduct”), as part of our ongoing commitment to promote a respectful and inclusive workplace, all employees are required to complete Workplace Harassment training and Discrimination Free Workplace training.
Regulation of Operations
Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation
Under the Natural Gas Act (“NGA”), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) regulates the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce. Intrastate transportation of natural gas is largely regulated by the state in which such transportation takes place. To the extent that the Company’s intrastate natural gas transportation systems transport natural gas in interstate commerce, the rates, terms and conditions of such services are subject to FERC jurisdiction under Section 311 of the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (“NGPA”). The NGPA regulates, among other things, the provision of transportation services by an intrastate natural gas pipeline on behalf of a local distribution company or an interstate natural gas pipeline. Under Section 311 of the NGPA, rates charged for interstate transportation must be fair and equitable, and amounts collected in excess of fair and equitable rates are subject to refund with interest. The terms and conditions of service set forth in the Company’s statement of operating conditions for transportation service under Section 311 of the NGPA are also subject to FERC review and approval. Failure to observe the service limitations applicable to transportation services under Section 311, failure to comply with the rates approved by the FERC for Section 311 service, or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of service established in the pipeline’s FERC-approved statement of operating conditions could result in a change of jurisdictional status and/or the imposition of administrative, civil and criminal remedies.
The Company’s intrastate pipeline operations are also subject to regulation by various agencies in Texas and New Mexico, principally the Railroad Commission of Texas (“TRRC”) and the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (“NMPRC”). Generally, the TRRC and the NMPRC are vested with authority to ensure that rates, operations and services of gas utilities, including intrastate pipelines, are just and reasonable and not discriminatory. The rates the Company charges for transportation services are deemed just and reasonable under Texas and New Mexico law unless challenged in a customer or regulatory complaint. Failure to comply with relevant regulations can result in the imposition of administrative, civil and criminal remedies.
Natural Gas Gathering Regulation
Section 1(b) of the NGA exempts natural gas gathering facilities from the jurisdiction of the FERC. The Company believes that its natural gas gathering pipelines meet the traditional tests the FERC has used to establish whether a pipeline is a gathering pipeline that is not subject to FERC jurisdiction. However, the distinction between FERC-regulated transmission services and federally unregulated gathering services has been the subject of substantial litigation and varying interpretations. In addition, the FERC’s determinations as to whether a pipeline is a gathering pipeline are made on a case-by-case basis, so the classification and regulation of the Company’s natural gas pipeline system could be subject to change based on future determinations by the FERC and the courts. State regulation of gathering facilities generally includes various safety, environmental and, in some circumstances, nondiscriminatory take requirements and complaint-based rate regulation.
The Company’s natural gas gathering facilities in Texas are subject to regulation by the TRRC under the Texas Utilities Code and the Texas Natural Resources Code in the same manner as described above for intrastate pipeline transportation facilities. The Company’s natural gas gathering pipeline system is also subject to ratable take and common purchaser statutes in Texas. The ratable take statute generally requires gatherers to take, without undue discrimination, natural gas production that may be tendered to the gatherer for handling. Similarly, the common purchaser statute generally requires gatherers to purchase without undue discrimination as to source of supply or producer. These statutes are designed to prohibit discrimination in favor of one producer over another producer or one source of supply over another source of supply. In New Mexico, the Company’s natural gas gathering facilities are subject to regulation by numerous governmental agencies, including the NMPRC.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Regulation
Transmission services rendered by the Company are subject to the regulation of the TRRC and the NMPRC. The TRRC and the NMPRC have the authority to regulate rates, though they generally have not investigated the rates or practices of intrastate pipelines in the absence of shipper complaints.
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Pipeline Safety Regulations
Some of the Company’s pipelines are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (“DOT”) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) pursuant to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (“NGPSA”), with respect to natural gas, and the Hazardous Liquids Pipeline Safety Act of 1979 (“HLPSA”), with respect to NGLs. The NGPSA and HLPSA regulate safety requirements in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas, crude oil, and NGL pipeline facilities, while the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 (“PSIA”) establishes mandatory inspections for all U.S. crude oil, NGL, and natural gas transmission pipelines in high consequence areas (“HCAs”), the violation of which can result in administrative, civil and criminalpenalties, including civil fines, injunctions, or both.
PHMSA regularly revises its pipeline safety regulations. States are largely preempted by federal law from regulating pipeline safety for interstate lines but most are certified by the DOT to assume responsibility for enforcing federal intrastate pipeline regulations and inspection of intrastate pipelines. States may adopt stricter standards for intrastate pipelines than those imposed by the federal government for interstate lines; however, states vary considerably in their authority and capacity to address pipeline safety. State standards may include requirements for facility design and management in addition to requirements for pipelines. For example, the TRRC and NMPRC have adopted rules that require operators of natural gas and hazardous liquid gathering lines in rural areas to report accidents, conduct investigations and perform necessary corrective action. Due to the possibility of new or amended laws and regulations or reinterpretation of existing laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that future compliance with PHMSA or state requirements will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
The Company’s operations are subject to the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and comparable state laws that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. The Company believes that its operations are in substantial compliance with OSHA requirements, including general industry standards, hazard communication, record keeping requirements and monitoring of occupational exposure to regulated substances.
Our business operations are also subject to numerous environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations imposed at the federal, regional, state and local levels. The activities the Company conducts in connection with the gathering, compression, dehydration, treatment, processing and transportation of natural gas and gathering, stabilization, transportation and storage of crude oil are subject to, or may become subject to, stringent environmental regulation and we could incur costs related to the cleanup of third-party sites to which we have sent regulated substances for disposal or equipment for cleaning, and for damages to natural resources or other claims relating to releases of regulated substances at or from such third-party sites. The Company has implemented a number of programs and policies designed to monitor and pursue continued operation of our activities in a manner consistent with environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations. To that end, the Company has incurred and will continue to incur operating and capital expenditures to comply with these laws and regulations. Some of these environmental compliance costs may be material and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain existing environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations include the following U.S. legal standards, which may be amended from time to time:
• the Clean Air Act, which restricts the emission of air pollutants from many sources and imposes various pre-construction, operational, monitoring and reporting requirements, and which the EPA has historically relied upon as authority for adopting climate change regulatory initiatives relating to GHG emissions;
• the Clean Water Act, which regulates discharges of pollutants to state and federal waters as well as establishing the extent to which waterways are subject to federal jurisdiction and rulemaking as protected waters of the United States;
• the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, which imposes liability on generators, transporters and arrangers of hazardous substances at sites where releases, or threatened releases, of such hazardous substances has occurred;
• the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), which governs the generation, treatment, storage, transport and disposal of solid wastes, including hazardous wastes;
• the Oil Pollution Act, which imposes liability for removal costs and damages arising from an oil spill in waters of the United States on owners and operators of onshore facilities, pipelines and other facilities;
• the National Environmental Policy Act, which requires federal agencies to evaluate major agency actions that have the potential to significantly impact the environment, to include the preparation of an Environmental Assessment to assess potential direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of the proposed project, and, if necessary, prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement that may be made available to the public for comment;
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• the Safe Drinking Water Act, which ensures the quality of the nation’s public drinking through adoption of drinking water standards and controlling the injection of waste fluids into below-ground formations that may adversely affect drinking water sources;
• the Endangered Species Act, which imposes restrictions on activities that may adversely affect federally identified endangered and threatened species or their habitats, to include the implementation of operating restrictions or a temporary, seasonal or permanent ban in affected areas;
• the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, which requires the implementation of a safety hazard communication program and the dissemination of information to employees, local emergency planning committees, and response departments on toxic chemicals use and inventories;
• the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which establishes workplace standards for the protection of both the health and safety of employees, to include the implementation of hazard communications programs to inform employees about hazardous substances in the workplace, the potential harmful effects of those substances and appropriate control measures; and
• the DOT regulations relating to the advancement of safe transportation of energy and hazardous materials and emergency response preparedness.
Environmental laws and regulations are frequently subject to change. More stringent environmental laws that apply to our operations and the operations of our customers may result in increased operating costs and capital expenditures for compliance, including, but not limited to, those related to the emission of GHGs and climate change. Notwithstanding the EPA’s recent proposal to revoke the “Endangerment Finding,” which supports the majority of the EPA’s GHG-related regulations, given the long-term trend toward increasing regulation, future federal and/or state GHG regulations of the oil and gas industry remain a significant possibility.
On March 15, 2023, the EPA announced finalization of its Good Neighbor Plan (the “Plan”) to reduce nitrogen oxide pollution from power plants and other industrial facilities from 23 upwind states which the EPA determined are significantly contributing to National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) nonattainment and interfering with maintenance of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in downwind states. The Plan was to have been effective in 2026, but, in June 2024, the Supreme Court halted enforcement of the Plan while it is contested in the lower courts. Additionally, under the current presidential administration’s deregulatory agenda, the EPA has begun rolling back the Plan. We cannot predict what further actions the Trump Administration will take with respect to the Plan; however, compliance with a revised or future Plan could have material financial impacts on our natural gas business.
In March 2024, the EPA published New Source Performance Standards (“NSPS”), known as Subpart OOOOb and Subpart OOOOc, which introduce emissions standards for methane and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”) from certain new, modified, and reconstructed oil and natural-gas production, processing and transmission facilities. However, in March 2025, the EPA announced plans to reconsider Subparts OOOOb and OOOOc in line with the Trump Administration’s deregulatory agenda. Additionally, in November 2025, the EPA finalized an interim final rule extending the compliance deadlines for certain provisions provided in Subpart OOOOb and Subpart OOOOc. Litigationchallenging the EPA’s final interim rule extending such compliance deadlines for new and existing oil and gas sources remains pending. Consequently, future implementation and enforcement of the final rule remain uncertain. At this time, we do not anticipate a material impact to our planned capital, operations and maintenance costs resulting from compliance with the current or pending regulations and proposed EPA actions. However, the EPA and/or state regulators may issue additional regulations, responses, amendments and/or policy guidance, which could alter our present expectations.
Trends in environmental and worker health and safety regulation over time has been to typically place increasing restrictions and limitations on activities that could result in adverse effects to the environment or expose workers to injury. These changes in environmental and worker safety laws and regulations, or reinterpretations or enforcement policies that may arise in the future and result in increasingly stringent or costly waste management or disposal, pollution control, remediation or worker health and safety-related requirements, may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition. We may not have insurance or be fully covered by insurance against all risks relating to environmental or occupational health and safety, and we may be unable to pass on the increased cost of compliance arising from such risks to our customers. We regularly review regulatory and environmental issues as they pertain to the Company and we consider these as part of our general risk management approach.
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Insurance
Our business has operating risks normally associated with the gathering, stabilization, transportation and storage of crude oil and gathering, compression, dehydration, treatment, processing and transportation of natural gas, which could cause damage to life or property. In accordance with industry practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, potential operating losses. For some operating risks, the Company may not obtain insurance if the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented; in such a case, if a significant operating accident or other event occurs which is not fully covered by the insurance the Company has, this could adversely affect our operations and business. As we continue to grow, we will continue to evaluate our policy limits and deductibles as they relate to the overall cost and scope of our insurance program.
Sustainability
Overview
The Company is committed to advancing a safer, cleaner, and more reliable energy future and believes that integrating environmental, safety, governance, and community considerations into our business decisions is essential to creating value for its stakeholders. In July 2025, the Company published its fiscal year 2024 Sustainability Report (“Report”). The Report focused on four key areas: Governance, Environment, People and Community Engagement.
Governance
The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) consists of 10 directors and is led by the Chairman of the Board and the Lead Independent Director. The Board exercises general supervision over the Company’s business, operations, strategy and risk management programs. The Board delegates specific oversight duties to three standing committees: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance and Sustainability Committee.
We firmly believe that commitment to an actionable sustainability strategy makes for a stronger, more resilient company and drives better performance. As such, we embed sustainability responsibilities throughout our organization, reinforcing ownership and accountability at all levels. In both 2025 and 2024, 20% of executive and employee annual at-risk pay was tied to measurable performance in three key areas: (1) methane intensity ratio, (2) TRIR and (3) MVIR. The Governance and Sustainability Committee supported the Compensation Committee in defining these goals to help ensure they are rigorous and aligned with the Company’s long-term performance and risk priorities.
In addition, the Company has developed an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program across all functional areas and mechanisms for identifying, prioritizing, and mitigating risks. We evaluate risks across the enterprise on a regular basis, examining the potential impact to our operating flexibility, along with the financial and reputational impact of such risks. Our Audit Committee of the Board has primary oversight over the ERM process, reviewing ongoing assessments of the company’s risk management processes and system of internal control. Our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Accounting Officer has functional oversight over the enterprise risk function.
Furthermore, we are committed to conducting business in accordance with the highest ethical standards. Our Code of Conduct is designed to deterwrong-doing and promote honest and ethical conduct in every aspect of our business dealings. Our Code of Conduct details our policy regarding corruption, antitrustviolations, insider dealings, gifts and entertainment, conflicts of interest, and validity of financial information or business practices. The Audit Committee oversees business ethics issues, while day-to-day implementation and oversight are led by our General Counsel. The Company also recognizes the importance of receiving, retaining and addressing concerns from our directors, officers, employees and other stakeholders seriously and expeditiously. We use a confidential third-party ethics hotline to enable anyone to report concerns. The ethics hotline is monitored by our Human Resources and Legal departments, as well as the Chair of the Audit Committee. Any criticalconcerns are escalated to the Audit Committee Chair and/or Audit Committee immediately, while other matters are reported quarterly or as necessary. In addition, all employees were required to complete Insider Trading and Anti-Bribery and Corruption training.
Environmental Responsibility
The Company is committed to being a good steward of the environment and prioritizes climate change as a key issue. We are committed to contributing to global solutions by responsibly reducing the adverse environmental impact of our operations while pursuing economic growth and energy security. Over 50% of our debt instruments is linked to sustainability performance, including performance targets related to GHG and methane emission intensity. The Company is in the process of gathering 2025 GHG emission data at the time this Annual Report on Form 10-K is filed with the SEC.
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We aim to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations and also implement voluntary measures to further reduce greenhouse gas and criteria air emissions. Over the past several years, we have expanded our emissions-management capabilities through initiatives that seek to reduce emissions and improve emissions monitoring, reporting, and operational performance. These efforts include:
• pneumatics upgrades;
• electrified compression;
• leak prevention;
• advanced emission detection;
• New Energy Ventures;
• carbon capture, utilization and storage;
• advanced GHG emission monitoring and management;
• renewable energy and
• operational improvements and efficiencies.
In 2025, we advanced our emissions reduction efforts across the organization. We conduct regular leak detection surveys using independent third parties and deploy advanced methane detection and monitoring technologies across our assets. Operations and support teams are trained and equipped to operate handheld leak detection devices. We also operate continuous emissions monitoring systems - both camera- and sensor-based - at strategic locations and perform regular aerial surveys using Optical Gas Imaging (“OGI”) technology to visualize methane and volatile organic compound emissions in real time. Our New Energy Ventures (“NEV”) team further supports emissions reduction through innovative lower-carbon technologies such as Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage, carbon neutral power generation, eFuels, and other clean energy solutions. In 2024, NEV partnered with Infinium in Project Roadrunner, which features a long-term agreement to supply carbon dioxide (“CO 2 ”) from our Permian Basin operations for reuse in the production of ultra-low carbon eFuels. In addition, we received approval from the US Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) for the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (“MRV”) Plan for three Class II Acid Gas Injection (“AGI”) wells at our Maljamar and Dagger Draw processing facilities, which were acquired through the Durango Acquisition. The MRV Plan enables the Company to economically benefit from sequestered CO 2 through 45Q tax credits. We also focus on reducing our Scope 2 GHG emissions through implementing energy efficiency measures and sourcing renewable energy.
Our Water Management practices support environmental stewardship, regulatory compliance, and operational resilience. While our direct water use is relatively low compared to the other industries and sectors of the oil and gas value chain, produced water management remains a priority due to its regulatory relevance, operational importance, and potential adverse environmental impact. Our approach focuses on minimizing water-related risks while striving to provide reliable and necessary water solutions to our customers. We had no violations or penalties related to our Water Management program in 2025.
Our Waste Management practices emphasize responsible waste handling, including waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal. Waste generated from our operations is closely monitored and managed in accordance with our Waste Management Plans and applicable regulatory requirements. Our management practices support broader goals of reducing landfill volumes, preventingimproper disposal, and promoting resource efficiency. We had no violations or penalties related to our Waste Management program in 2025.
At Kinetik, we are committed to the safe construction, operation, and maintenance of our facilities. Our comprehensive process safety, risk management, and pipeline integrity programs are designed to help ensure the safe and reliable construction and operation of our assets. These programs are subject to safety and integrity audits by OSHA, EPA, PHMSA, TRRC, NMPRC, and other regulators. Our pipeline network spans over 5,000 miles and is managed using risk-based and prescriptive inspection schedules that address corrosion, weather-related impacts, and third-party activity. We also maintain spill prevention and emergency response plans, to help prevent and mitigate releases. In 2025, we underwent 7 pipeline integrity and safety audits by regulators, resulting in zero regulatory penalties.
While any new or amended laws and regulations or reinterpretation of existing laws and regulations would not be expected to be any more burdensome to the Company than to other, similarly situated operators, there can be no assurance that future compliance with any new environmental requirements will not have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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Social Responsibility
We recognize that people are our greatest asset and the driving force behind our success and we are committed to supporting their safety, well-being, and professional development. We prioritize a safe working environment, competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits, and a range of training and development opportunities designed to attract, retain, and support a skilled workforce. See additional information regarding employee initiatives in Part I—Item 1. and 2. Business and Properties—Human Capital in this Annual Report.
We seek to be a positive presence in the communities where we live and operate, investing both time and resources in initiatives that drive meaningful impact through financial contributions and volunteer support. In 2025, Kinetik contributed over $1.6 million to charitable organizations and local community initiatives, including local emergency response departments, the Permian Strategic Partnership and BEAR - Be a Resource for CPS Kids Houston. We also support employee engagement through paid volunteer time and a charitable matching program.
Strong relationships with local communities and landowners are essential to our operations in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico. We engage proactively with those who live and work near our infrastructure by providing clear, timely information about our activities and responding to questions or concerns. Landowners and local governments are key partners in enabling our operations by providing the rights-of-way for pipelines and facilities, and we work collaboratively with them on matters such as access, maintenance, safety practices, and land restoration. Our goal is to maintain respectful relationships that support long-term trust and operational reliability.
We aim to develop a supply chain that aligns with our core values and sustainability and business objectives. Our Supplier Code of Conduct (“Supplier Code”) promotes responsible practices across our value chain, outlining expectations for ethics, compliance, safety, environmental stewardship, human rights and setting a benchmark for our suppliers to adhere to our high standards. To measure our suppliers against our standards, we utilize ISNetworld, a resource for connecting with safe, qualified contractors and suppliers. We also implemented sustainability focused measures into our Contractor Management program to gainvaluable insights into our suppliers’ sustainability performance, which enable us to understand their sustainability practices and identify opportunities for improvement.
Available Information
The Company’s website is www.kinetik.com. The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Proxy Statements, Current Reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and other filings with the SEC are available at https://ir.kinetik.com/overview/default.aspx under the heading “Financials”—“SEC Filings”, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. These reports are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition to reports filed or furnished with the SEC, we publicly disclose material information from time to time in press releases, at annual meetings of shareholders, in publicly accessible conferences and investor presentations, and through our website. In addition, the Company’s Code of Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines, charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Governance and Sustainability Committee, and other corporate governance materials are available on the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website. The information contained on the Company’s website as referenced in this report is not, and should not be deemed to be, part of or incorporated by reference into this report. Requests for a copy of any of the above-referenced reports and corporate governance documents may be directed in writing to: Investor Relations, Kinetik Holdings Inc., 2700 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 300 Houston, Texas 77056 or by calling (713) 621-7330.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We operate in rapidly changing economic and technological environments that present numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. The following discussion, as well as our discussion in Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk , highlights some of these risks. The risks described below are not exhaustive and you should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties before investing in our securities.
Business and Operational Risks
The majority of the Company’s operating assets are currently located in the Permian Basin, making it vulnerable to risks associated with operating in a single geographic area.
The majority of the Company’s wholly owned midstream assets are currently located in the Delaware Basin which is part of the broader Permian Basin. As a result of this concentration, the Company will be disproportionatelyexposed to the impact of regional supply and demand factors, delays or interruptions of production from wells in this area caused by governmental regulation, obtaining rights-of-way, market limitations, water shortages or restrictions, drought related conditions, or other weather-related conditions or interruption of the processing or transportation of crude oil, natural gas and water. If any of these factors were to impact the Permian Basin more than other producing regions, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected relative to other midstream companies that have a more geographically diversified asset portfolio.
Because of the natural decline in production from existing wells, the Company’s success depends, in part, on its ability to maintain or increase throughput volumes on its midstream systems, which depends on its customers’ levels of development and completion activity on its dedicated acreage.
The level of crude oil and natural gas volumes handled by the Company’s midstream systems depends on the level of production from crude oil and natural gas wells dedicated to its midstream systems, which may be less than expected and which will naturally decline over time. To maintain or increase throughput levels on its midstream systems, the Company must obtain production from wells completed by customers on acreage dedicated to its midstream systems or execute agreements with other third parties in its areas of operation.
The Company has no control over producers’ levels of development and completion activity in its areas of operation, the amount of reserves associated with wells connected to its systems, or the rate at which production from a well declines. In addition, the Company has no control over producers or their exploration and development decisions, which may be affected by, among other things:
• the availability and cost of capital;
• the prevailing and projected prices of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs; fewer project opportunities or assumption of risk that results in weaker or more volatile financial performance than expected;
• assets that vary in age and were constructed over many decades which may cause our inspection, maintenance or repair costs to increase in the future;
• political and economic conditions and events in foreign oil, natural gas and NGL producing countries, including embargoes, disrupted global supply chains, continued hostilities in the Middle East and other sustained military campaigns, the armed conflict in Ukraine and associated economic sanctions on Russia, and recent events in Venezuela;
• increase in interest rates and rising or sustained inflation;
• levels of crude oil and natural gas reserves;
• contractor or supplier non-performance, weather, geological or other factors;
• Consolidation in the upstream and midstream sector and the resulting changes in the strategic importance customers assign to development in certain acreage or locations in the Delaware Basin as opposed to other areas, which could adversely affect the financial and operational resources devoted to development of their acreage dedicated to the Company;
• increased levels of taxation related to the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs;
• environmental or other governmental regulations, including those related to the prorationing of oil and gas production, the availability of permits, the regulation of hydraulic fracturing, and a governmental determination that multiple facilities are to be treated as a single source for air permitting purposes;
• the costs of producing and ability to produce crude oil, natural gas and NGLs and the availability and costs of drilling rigs, pipeline transportation facilities and other equipment; and
• potential tariffs to be imposed by the Trump Administration and reciprocal tariffs by foreign governments on crude oil, natural gas and NGLs and other imported supplies and equipment.
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Due to these and other factors, even if reserves are known to exist in areas served by the Company’s midstream assets, producers may choose not to develop those reserves. If producers choose not to develop their reserves or they choose to slow their development rate in the Company’s areas of operation, utilization of its midstream systems will be below anticipated levels. Reductions in development activity, coupled with the natural decline in production from its current dedicated acreage, could materially reduce our revenue and affect adversely our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The acquisition or divestiture of businesses and assets is part of our strategy. We may experience difficulties completing acquisitions or divestitures or integrating new businesses and properties, and we may be unable to achieve the benefits we expect from the completed and any future acquisitions or divestitures.
Part of the Company’s business strategy includes acquiring additional businesses and assets and/or divesting certain assets or portions of our business. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to find complementary acquisition targets or complete such acquisitions or achieve the desired results from any acquisitions we complete. Any acquired businesses or assets will be subject to many of the same risks as our existing businesses and may not achieve the levels of performance that we anticipate. We may evaluate potential divestitureopportunities with respect to portions of our business from time to time that support our growth initiatives and may determine to proceed with a divestitureopportunity if and when we believe such opportunity is consistent with our business strategy.
We may not realize the anticipated operating advantages and cost savings associated with any acquisition. Integration of acquired businesses or assets involves a number of risks, including (i) the loss of key customers of the acquired business; (ii) demands on management related to the increase in our size; (iii) the diversion of management’s attention from the management of daily operations; (iv) difficulties in implementing or unanticipated costs of accounting, budgeting, reporting, internal controls and other systems; and (v) difficulties in the retention and assimilation of necessary employees.
Difficulties in integration may be magnified if we make multiple acquisitions over a relatively short period of time. Because of difficulties in combining and expanding operations, we may not be able to achieve the cost savings and other size-related benefits that we hoped to achieve after these acquisitions, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We also may not recognize the anticipated benefits of dispositions or other divestitures we may pursue in the future. If we do not realize the expected strategic, economic or other benefits of any divestiture transaction, it could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The Company owns interests in certain pipeline projects and other joint ventures, and it may in the future enter into additional joint ventures, and the Company’s control of such entities is limited by provisions of the limited partnership and limited liability company agreements of such entities and by the Company’s percentage ownership in such entities.
The Company has ownership interests in several joint ventures, including the PHP and Breviloba joint ventures (together, the “EMI Pipelines”), which were accounted for using the equity interest method, and it may enter into other joint venture arrangements in the future. While the Company owns equity interests and has certain voting rights with respect to its joint ventures and can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the entity, it does not act as operator of or control the joint ventures, each of which is operated by another joint venture partner. It may therefore be difficult or impossible for the Company to cause the joint venture to take actions that the Company believes would be in its or the relevant joint venture’s best interests. Moreover, joint venture arrangements involve various risks and uncertainties, such as committing the Company to fund operating and/or capital expenditures, the timing and amount of which the Company may not control, and which could materially and adversely affect its cash flows.
The Company also may be unable to control the amount of cash it will receive from the operation of these entities, which could further adversely affect its cash flows. Joint venture arrangements may also restrict the Company’s operational and organizational flexibility and its ability to manage risk, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If the third-party pipelines interconnected, or at some future point expected to be interconnected, to the Company’s pipelines become unavailable to transport or store crude oil, NGLs or natural gas, or if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
The Company depends upon third-party downstream pipelines and associated operations to provide delivery options from its processing system. Because the Company does not control these pipelines and associated operations, their continuing operation is not within its control. If any downstream pipeline were to become unavailable for current or future volumes due to
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repairs, damage to the facility, force majeure, lack of capacity, shut in by regulators, failure to meet quality requirements or any other reason, the Company’s ability to operate efficiently and continue shipping crude oil, natural gas and refined products to major demand centers could be restricted, thereby reducing revenue. Any temporary or permanent interruption at these pipelines could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
The third parties on whom the Company relies for transportation services from its processing facilities are subject to complex federal, state, and other laws that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The operations of the third parties on whom the Company relies to provide downstream transportation and delivery options from its processing system are subject to complex and stringent laws and regulations that require obtaining and maintaining numerous permits, approvals and certifications from various federal, state and local government authorities. These third parties may incur substantial costs in order to comply with existing laws and regulations. If existing laws and regulations governing such third-party services are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to their operations, these changes may affect the costs that the Company pays for services. Similarly, a failure to comply with such laws and regulations by the third parties could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The Company’s customers may suspend, reduce or terminate their obligations under the Company’s commercial agreements with them in certain circumstances, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company has entered into gas gathering, compression and processing agreements, crude oil gathering agreements, and produced water gathering and disposal agreements with its customers, which include provisions that permit the customer to suspend, reduce or terminate its obligations under each agreement if certain events occur. These events include non-performance by the Company and force majeure events which are out of the Company’s control. The customers have the discretion to make such decisions notwithstanding the fact that they may significantly and adversely affect the Company. Any such reduction, suspension or termination of these customers’ obligations under their commercial agreements could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increased competition from other companies that provide midstream services, or from alternative fuel sources, could have a negative impact on the demand for the Company’s services, which could materially and adversely affect its financial results.
The Company will compete for third-party customers primarily with other crude oil and natural gas gathering and transportation systems and produced water service providers. Some of its competitors may now, or in the future, have access to greater supplies of crude oil, natural gas and produced water than the Company does. Some of these competitors may expand or construct gathering systems or other pipeline transportation facilities that would create additional competition for the services the Company would provide to third party customers. In addition, potential third-party customers may develop their own gathering systems or pipeline transportation facilities instead of using the Company’s systems.
Further, hydrocarbon fuels compete with other forms of energy available to end-users, including renewable electricity and coal. Increased demand for such other forms of energy at the expense of hydrocarbons could lead to a reduction in demand for the Company’s services.
All these competitive pressures could make it more difficult for the Company to attract new customers as it seeks to expand its business, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, competition could intensify the negative impact of factors that decrease demand for crude oil, natural gas and produced water services in the markets served by its systems, such as adverse economic conditions, weather, higher fuel costs and taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that directly or indirectly increase the cost or reduce demand for its services.
The Company’s exposure to commodity price risk may change over time and the Company cannot guarantee the terms of any existing or future agreements for its midstream services with its customers.
The Company currently generates revenues pursuant to a variety of different contractual arrangements, including fee-based agreements based on volumetric fees and percent-of-proceeds arrangements based on a percent of the proceeds from the sale of gathering and processing outputs on behalf of a producer and percent-of-products arrangements in which the Company
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is assigned a portion of the natural gas it gathers and processes as partial compensation. Consequently, the Company’s existing operations and cash flows have limited direct exposure to commodity price risk. However, the Company’s customers are exposed to commodity price risk, and extended reduction in commodity prices could reduce the production volumes available for the Company’s midstream services in the future below expected levels.
The use of derivative financial instruments could result in material financial losses for the Company.
The Company engages in commodity and interest rate hedging activities to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and interest rates by using derivative instruments. H edging activities can result in losses that might be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Such losses could occur under various circumstances, including those situations where a counterparty does not perform its obligations under a hedge arrangement, the hedge is not effective in mitigating the underlying risk, or our risk management policies and procedures are not followed. Adverse economic conditions (e.g., a significant decline in energy commodity prices that negatively impacts the cash flows of oil and gas producers) increase the risk of nonpayment or performance by our hedging counterparties.
The Company’s construction of new midstream assets may not be completed on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, may not operate as designed or at the expected levels, may not result in revenue increases and may be subject to new or additional regulatory, environmental, political, contractual, legal and economic risks, all of which could materially and adversely affect its cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.
The construction of additions or modifications to the Company’s existing systems and the expansion into new production areas to service its customers involve numerous regulatory, environmental, political and legal uncertainties beyond the Company’s control and may require the expenditure of significant amounts of capital, and the Company may not be able to construct in certain locations due to setback requirements or expand certain facilities that are deemed to be part of a single source. Regulations clarifying how crude oil and natural gas production facility emissions must be aggregated under the federal Clean Air Act permitting program were finalized in June 2016. This action clarified certain permitting requirements yet could still impact permitting and compliance costs. As the Company builds infrastructure to meet its customers’ needs, it may not be able to complete such projects on schedule, at the budgeted cost, or at all.
The construction of new energy infrastructure is inherently subject to the risks of cost overruns, including due to inflation or the imposition of tariffs on foreign-made materials and goods (including steel and steel pipes), and delays. If we undertake these projects, we may not be able to complete them on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, or they may not operate as designed or at the expected levels. Moreover, the Company’s revenues may not increase immediately (or at all) upon the expenditure of funds on a particular project. For instance, if the Company builds additional gathering assets, the construction may occur over an extended period of time and it may not receive any material increases in revenues until the project is completed or at all. The Company may construct facilities to capture anticipated future production growth from its customers in an area where such growth does not materialize. As a result, new midstream assets may not be able to attract enough throughput to achieve their expected investment return, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The construction of additions to the Company’s existing assets may require it to obtain new rights-of-way, surface use agreements or other real estate agreements prior to constructing new pipelines or facilities. The Company may be unable to timely obtain such rights-of-way to connect new crude oil, natural gas and water sources to its existing infrastructure or capitalize on other attractive expansion opportunities. Additionally, it may become more expensive for the Company to obtain new rights-of-way or to expand or renew existing rights-of-way, leases or other agreements. If the cost of renewing or obtaining new agreements increases, the Company’s cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company’s business involves many hazards and operational risks, some of which may not be fully covered by insurance. The occurrence of a significant accident or other event that is not fully insured could curtail its operations and materially and adversely affect its cash flows.
The Company’s operations are subject to all the hazards inherent in the gathering and transportation of crude oil, natural gas and produced water, including:
• damage to pipelines, compressor stations, centralized gathering facilities, pump stations, storage terminals, related equipment, and surrounding properties caused by design, installation, construction materials or operational flaws, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, acts of third parties or other unforeseen circumstances.
• leaks of crude oil, natural gas or NGLs or losses of crude oil, natural gas or NGLs as a result of the malfunction of, or other disruptions associated with, equipment, facilities or pipelines;
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• fires, ruptures and explosions; and
• other hazards that could also result in personal injury and loss of life, pollution and suspension of operations.
The Company may elect to not obtain insurance, maintain a self-insured retention or increase deductibles for any or all of these risks if it believes that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. In addition, pollution and environmental risks generally are not fully insurable. The occurrence of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
A shortage of equipment and skilled labor could reduce equipment availability and labor productivity and increase labor and equipment costs, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations.
The Company’s gathering and other midstream services require special equipment and laborers who are skilled in multiple disciplines, such as equipment operators, mechanics and engineers, among others. If the Company experiences shortages of necessary equipment or skilled labor in the future, its labor and equipment costs and overall productivity could be materially and adversely affected. If the Company’s equipment or labor prices increase or if the Company experiences materially increased health and benefit costs for employees, its business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Environmental and Regulatory Risks Related to the Company
The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and its business and profitability could be adversely affected by actions by governmental entities, changes to current laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with laws or regulations.
The Company’s business is highly regulated and subject to numerous governmental laws, rules and regulations and requires permits, authorizations and various governmental and agency approvals, in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, that impose various restrictions and obligations that may have material effects on the Company’s business and results of operations. Each of the applicable laws or regulatory requirements and limitations is subject to change, either through new laws or regulations enacted on the federal, state or local level, or by new or modified regulations that may be implemented under existing law. The nature and extent of any changes in these laws, rules, regulations and permits may be unpredictable, have retroactive effects and may have material effects on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Future legislation and regulations or changes in existing legislation and regulations, or interpretations thereof, could cause additional expenditures, liabilities, restrictions and delays in connection with the Company’s current business as well as future projects, the extent of which cannot be predicted and which may require the Company to limit substantially, delay or cease operations in some circumstances.
The Company’s sales of natural gas are subject to market manipulation requirements promulgated by FERC pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EPAct 2005”). The EPAct 2005 amended the NGA and NGPA to give FERC authority to impose civil penalties for violations of these statutes and regulations. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) also holds authority to monitor certain segments of the physical and futures energy commodities market pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has the authority under the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to regulate wholesale petroleum markets. The Company believes, however, that neither the EPAct 2005, nor the regulations promulgated by FERC as a result of the EPAct 2005, nor the regulations promulgated by the CFTC or FTC will affect it in a way that materially differs from the way they affect other sellers of oil, natural gas, or NGLs with which the Company competes.
For a general overview of federal, state and local regulations applicable to the Company’s assets, see the “Regulation” section included within Part I, Items 1 and 2.—Business and Properties of this annual report. This regulatory oversight can affect certain aspects of the Company’s business and the market for its products and could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Our future tax liability may be greater than expected if we are unable to fully utilize our net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards due to existing or additional limitations, we do not generate expected deductions, or tax authorities successfullychallenge certain of our tax positions.
As of December 31, 2025, we have deferred assets related to NOL carryforwards of $139.4 million, which do not expire under current tax laws. We expect to be able to utilize these NOL carryforwards and generate deductions to offset a portion of our future taxable income. This expectation is based upon assumptions we have made regarding, among other things, our income, capital expenditures and net working capital, and our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards within the annual limitations imposed under Section 382 of the IRC of 1986, as amended. While we expect to be able to utilize substantially all of
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our NOL carryforwards and generate deductions to offset a portion of our future taxable income, in the event that deductions are not generated as expected, one or more of our tax positions are successfullychallenged by the Internal Revenue Service (in a tax audit or otherwise), our NOL carryforwards are further limited due to a subsequent ownership change, or we are otherwise unable to fully utilize our NOL carryforwards within the annual limitations currently in effect, our future tax liability may be greater than expected.
Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
We are subject to various complex and evolving U.S. federal, state and local tax laws. U.S. federal, state and local tax laws, policies, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect. Any significant variance in our interpretation of current tax laws or a successfulchallenge of one or more of our tax positions by the Internal Revenue Service or other tax authorities could increase our future tax liabilities and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Rate regulation, challenges by shippers to the rates the Company charges on its pipelines or changes in the jurisdictional characterization of some of the Company’s assets by federal, state or local regulatory agencies or a change in policy by those agencies may result in increased regulation of its assets, which may cause its operating expenses to increase, limit the rates it charges for certain services and decrease the amount of cash flows.
Natural gas and crude oil gathering may receive greater regulatory scrutiny at the federal and state level. Therefore, the Company’s natural gas and crude oil gathering operations could be adversely affected should they become subject to the application of federal or state regulation of rates and services. The Company’s gathering operations could also be subject to safety and operational regulations relating to the design, construction, testing, operation, replacement and maintenance of gathering facilities. Intrastate transportation of NGLs and crude oil may also receive greater regulatory scrutiny at the federal and state level. The Company’s intrastate NGL transportation services are subject to TRRC regulations and must be provided in a manner that is just, reasonable and non-discriminatory. Such operations could be subject to additional regulation if the NGLs and crude oil are transported in interstate or through foreign commerce, whether by the Company’s pipelines or other means of transportation. The Company cannot predict what effect, if any, such changes might have on its operations, but it could be required to incur additional capital expenditures and increased operating costs depending on future legislative and regulatory changes.
The Company’s midstream and intrastate transportation and storage services that are regulated are generally subject to rate regulation and the regulation of the terms and conditions of service. If we do not comply with these regulations, we may be subject to claims for refunds of amounts charged, the modification, cancellation or suspension of a permit or other authorization, civil penalties and other relief. Additional rules and legislation pertaining to these matters are considered or adopted from time to time. The Company cannot predict what effect, if any, such changes might have on its operations, but the industry could be required to incur additional capital expenditures and increased costs depending on future legislative and regulatory changes.
Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to pipeline safety, which are often subject to change, may result in more stringent regulations or enforcement and could subject the Company to increased operational costs, increased capital costs and potential operational delays.
Some of the Company’s pipelines are subject to regulation by the PHMSA pursuant to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (“NGPSA”), with respect to natural gas, and the HLPSA, with respect to crude oil and NGLs. Both the NGPSA and the HLPSA were amended by the Pipeline Safety Act of 1992, the Accountable Pipeline Safety and Partnership Act of 1996, the PSIA, as reauthorized and amended by the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement and Safety Act of 2006, and the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty and Job Creation Act of 2011. The NGPSA and HLPSA regulate safety requirements in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas, crude oil and NGL pipeline facilities, while the PSIA establishes mandatory inspections for all U.S. crude oil, NGL and natural gas transmission pipelines in HCAs.
PHMSA has developed regulations that require pipeline operators to implement integrity management programs, including more frequent inspections and other measures to ensure pipeline safety in HCAs. The regulations require operators, including the Company, to:
• perform ongoing assessments of pipeline integrity;
• identify and characterize applicable threats to pipeline segments that could impact an HCA;
• improve data collection, integration and analysis;
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• repair and remediate pipelines as necessary; and
• implement preventive and mitigating actions.
PHMSA may revise these standards from time-to-time and additional future regulatory action expanding PHMSA’s jurisdiction and imposing stricter integrity management requirements is possible. The adoption of laws or regulations that apply more comprehensive or stringent safety standards could require the Company to install new or modified safety controls, pursue new capital projects or conduct maintenance programs on an accelerated basis, all of which could require the Company to incur increasing operating costs that may be significant. Further, should the Company fail to comply with PHMSA or comparable state regulations, it could be subject to substantial fines and penalties.
Increased regulation of hydraulic fracturing could result in reductions or delays in crude oil and natural gas production by the Company’s customers, which could reduce the throughput on its gathering and other midstream systems, which could adversely impact its revenues.
The Company does not conduct hydraulic fracturing operations, but substantially all the saltwater, crude oil and natural gas production of its customers is developed from unconventional sources that require hydraulic fracturing as part of the completion process. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation process that utilizes large volumes of water and sand combined with fracturing chemical additives that are pumped at high pressure to crack open previously impenetrable rock to release hydrocarbons. There has been increasing public controversy regarding hydraulic fracturing with regard to the use of fracturing fluids, induced seismic activity, impacts on drinking water supplies, use of water and the potential for impacts to surface water, groundwater and the environment generally.
Hydraulic fracturing is typically regulated by state oil and gas commissions and similar agencies. Some states and local governments, including those in which the Company operates, have adopted, and other states are considering adopting regulations that could impose more stringent disclosure or well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations. In addition, several states and local governments have banned or significantly restricted hydraulic fracturing and, over the past several years, federal agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) have sought to assert jurisdiction over the process. While the EPA has previously sought to relax environmental regulation and reduce enforcement efforts, including with respect to energy developed from unconventional sources, environmental groups and states have filed lawsuits challenging the EPA’s recent actions. The Company cannot predict the results of these or future lawsuits, or how such lawsuits will affect the regulation of hydraulic fracturing operations. Certain environmental groups have also suggested that additional laws at the federal, state and local levels of government may be needed to more closely and uniformly regulate the hydraulic fracturing process. The Company cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted and if so, what its provisions will be. Governmental actions such as these could impact the oil and gas industry and the Company’s future potential growth in such areas. Additional levels of regulation and permits required through the adoption of new laws and regulations at the federal, state or local level could lead to delays, increased operating costs and process prohibitions that could reduce the volumes of crude oil and natural gas that move through the Company’s gathering systems and decrease demand for its water services, which in turn could materially and adversely impact its revenues.
In recent history, public concern surrounding increased seismicity has heightened focus on the oil and gas industry’s use of water in operations, which may cause increased costs, regulations or environmental initiatives impacting the use or disposal of water. The adoption of federal, state and local legislation and regulations intended to address induced seismicity in the areas in which the Company operates could restrict drilling and production activities and could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays, that could, in turn, materially and adversely impact the Company's business and results of operations.
Adoption of new or more stringent legal standards relating to induced seismic activity associated with produced-water disposal could affect the Company’s operations.
The Company disposes of produced water generated from oil and natural-gas production operations. The legal requirements related to the disposal of produced water into a non-producing geologic formation by means of underground injection wells are subject to change based on concerns of the public or governmental authorities, including concerns relating to recent seismic events near injection wells used for the disposal of produced water. In response to such concerns, regulators in some states (including Texas, where the Company’s produced water gathering and disposal assets are) have imposed, or are considering imposing, additional requirements in the permitting and operating of produced-water disposal wells or are otherwise investigating the existence of a relationship between seismicity and the use of such wells. These developments could result in additional regulation and restrictions on the Company’s use of injection wells to dispose of produced water, including a possible shut down of wells, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of
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operations. The Company currently operates produced water injection wells injecting into shallow formations in Texas, where the Texas Railroad Commission has addressed seismic activity by establishing Seismic Response Areas, curtailing injected volumes and/or suspending certain permits for disposal wells injecting into deep strata. Furthermore, additional regulations and restrictions on the use of injection wells could indirectly result in reduced gas gathering and processing volumes and / or crude gathering volumes from the Company’s customers, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Company may incur significant liability under, or costs and expenditures to comply with, health, safety and environmental laws and regulations, which are complex and subject to frequent change.
The Company is subject to various stringent and complex federal, state and local laws and regulations governing health and safety aspects of its operations, the discharge of materials into the environment and the protection of the environment and natural resources (including endangered or threatened species). These laws and regulations may impose on the Company’s operations numerous requirements, including the acquisition of permits, approvals and certificates before conducting regulated activities; restrictions on the types, quantities and concentration of materials that may be released into the environment; the application of specific health and safety criteria to protect the public or workers; and the responsibility for cleaning up pollution resulting from operations. Moreover, many of the permits required for the construction and operation of the Company’s assets may be subject to challenge by third parties, resulting in project delays or the imposition of stringent environmental controls as a precondition to issuing such permits. The Company may incur substantial costs to maintain compliance with these existing laws and regulations and the permits and other approvals thereunder. Additionally, the Company’s costs of compliance may increase or operational delays may occur if existing laws and regulations are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations apply to its operations. Numerous governmental authorities, such as the EPA and analogous state agencies, have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued thereunder, oftentimes requiring difficult and costly response actions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of sanctions, including administrative, civil and criminalpenalties; the imposition of investigatory, remedial or corrective action obligations; the incurrence of capital expenditures, the occurrence of delays in the permitting, development or expansion of projects, and enjoining some or all of the Company’s future operations in a particular area. Compliance with more stringent standards and other environmental regulations could prohibit the Company’s ability to obtain permits for operations or require it to install additional equipment, the costs of which could be significant.
The risk of incurring environmental costs and liabilities in connection with the Company’s operations is significant because of its handling of natural gas, crude and other petroleum products, its air emissions and product-related discharges arising out of its operations and as a result of historical industry practices and waste disposal practices. For example, an accidental release from one of the Company’s facilities could subject it to substantial liabilities arising from environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury, natural resources and property damages and fines and penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations.
Changes in environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any changes that result in more stringent or costly requirements could require the Company to make significant expenditures to attain and maintain compliance or may otherwise have a material adverse effect on its operations, competitive position or financial condition.
Public interest in the protection of the environment has increased dramatically in recent years. The trend of more expansive and stringent environmental legislation and regulations applied to the oil and natural gas industry could continue, resulting in increased costs of doing business and, consequently, affecting profitability. Additionally, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas and technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices, could all reduce demand for oil and natural gas and consequently reduce demand for the midstream services the Company provides. The impact of this changing demand could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operations and cash flows.
Legislation, executive orders and regulatory initiatives relating to climate change could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, while potential physical effects of climate change could disrupt the Company’s operations, cause damage to its pipelines and other facilities and cause it to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
The adoption and implementation of any federal, regional or state legislation, executive actions, regulations or other regulatory and policy initiatives that impose more stringent standards for GHG emissions, restrict the areas in which the oil and gas industry may produce crude oil and natural gas or generate GHG emissions, increase scrutiny of environmental permitting or delay such permitting reviews, or require enhanced disclosure of such GHG emission and other climate-related information, could result in reduced demand for crude oil and natural gas, and thus our services, as well as increase our compliance costs.
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Although it is not possible at this time to predict how legislation or new regulations that may be adopted to address GHG emissions and climate change could impact our business, any such future laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, it should be noted that there are increasing risks to the Company’s operations resulting from the potential physical impacts of climate change, such as drought, wildfires, damage to infrastructure and resources from flooding, storms and other natural disasters, chronic shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns and other physical disruptions. One or more of these developments could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increased attention to sustainability-related matters and conservation measures may adversely impact the Company’s business.
Increased attention to climate change, societal expectations on companies to address climate change, investor and societal expectations regarding voluntary sustainability disclosures and consumer demand for alternative forms of energy may result in increased costs, reduced demand for the Company’s products, reduced profits, increased investigations and litigation and negative impacts on the Company’s access to capital markets. Increased attention to climate change and environmental conservation, for example, may result in demand shifts for oil and natural gas products and additional governmental investigations and private litigationagainst the Company or its customers. To the extent that societal pressures or political or other factors are involved, it is possible that such liability could be imposed without regard to the Company’s causation of or contribution to the asserted damage, or to other mitigating factors. While the Company may participate in various voluntary frameworks and certification programs to improve the sustainability profile of its operations and services, the Company cannot guarantee that such participation or certification will have the intended results on its sustainability profile.
While the Company may create and publish voluntary disclosures regarding goals, sustainability targets and other sustainability-related matters from time to time, many of the statements will be aspirational, based on hypothetical expectations and assumptions that may or may not be representative of current or actual risks or events or forecasts of expected risks or events, including the costs associated therewith, and there is no guarantee that these goals or targets will be met within anticipated timelines. Such expectations and assumptions are necessarily uncertain and may be prone to error or subject to misinterpretation given the long timelines involved and the lack of an established single, uniformed approach to identifying, measuring, and reporting on many sustainability-related matters. The standards for tracking and reporting on sustainability-related matters are continuously evolving. Our choice of disclosure frameworks, designed to align with various voluntary reporting standards, may change from time to time, potentially resulting in a lack of comparative data from period to period. Furthermore, our interpretation of reporting standards may differ from that of others. In addition, failure or a perception of failure (whether or not valid) to pursue or implement sustainability strategies or achieve (or make progressagainst) sustainability goals or commitments could result in private litigation and damage to our reputation.
In addition, sustainability efforts related to employment practices and social initiatives are the subject of scrutiny by stakeholders, regulators and other third parties, and the complex regulatory and legal frameworks applicable to such initiatives continue to evolve. There is also risk of criticism or litigation from certain “anti-ESG” stakeholders, including various governmental agencies, related to our sustainability and social responsibility initiatives. In light of the sustainability-linked features governing certain of our debt agreements, among other factors, we cannot be certain of the impact of such regulatory, legal and other developments on our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Entities controlled by Blackstone and I Squared Capital are parties to the amended and restated stockholders agreement granting certain director designation rights and owning a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and thus strongly influence all of the Company’s corporate actions.
We and each of Blackstone and I Squared Capital are party to the amended and restated stockholders agreement, dated October 21, 2021 and effective as of February 22, 2022, which entitles each of Blackstone and I Squared Capital to, among other things, certain director designation rights for so long as each holder continues beneficially own at least 10% of our Common Stock.
As long as Blackstone and I Squared Capital and their respective affiliates own or control a significant percentage of the Company’s outstanding voting power, they will have the ability to strongly influence all corporate actions, including stockholder approval of the election of and removal of directors. The interests of Blackstone or I Squared Capital may not align with the interests of the Company’s other stockholders.
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Potential future sales pursuant to registration rights granted by the Company and under Rule 144 may depress the market price for our shares of Class A Common Stock.
The Company has granted a number of its stockholders, including Blackstone, registration rights with respect to their shares of Class A Common Stock, including shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon redemption of Common Units. In addition, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a person who has satisfied a minimum holding period of between six months and one year and any other applicable requirements of Rule 144, may thereafter sell such shares in transactions exempt from registration. A significant number of our currently issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock held by existing stockholders, including officers and directors and other principal stockholders are currently eligible for resale pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 144. The potential future sale of our shares by our existing stockholders, pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 144, may have a depressive effect on the price of our shares of Class A Common Stock in the applicable trading marketplace.
The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases depends on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which it may not be able to accomplish.
The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases principally depends upon the amount of cash it generates from its operations, which will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, income from the EMI Pipelines, which are accounted for using equity method, the volumes of natural gas and NGLs it gathers and processes, commodity prices, and other factors impacting the Company’s financial condition, some of which are beyond its control. In addition, under Delaware law, dividends on the Company’s capital stock may only be paid from “surplus,” which is the amount by which the fair value of the Company’s total assets exceeds the sum of its total liabilities, including contingent liabilities, and the amount of its capital; if there is no surplus, cash dividends on capital stock may only be paid from the Company’s net profits for the then-current and/or the preceding fiscal year.
The Company’s charter designates the Court of Chancery as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by its stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, employees or agents.
The charter provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on the Company’s behalf; any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of the Company’s directors, officers or other employees to it or its stockholders; any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), the charter or the Company’s bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of its directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
The above does not apply for such claims as to which the Court of Chancery determines that it does not have personal jurisdiction over an indispensable party, exclusive jurisdiction is vested in a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery or the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of the Company’s capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of the Company’s charter described in the preceding sentence. This exclusive forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder finds favorable for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against the Company and such persons. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of the Company’s charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company’s charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will be applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, the charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
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If the Company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to report accurately its financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential holders of the Company’s equity could lose confidence in its financial reporting, which would harm its business and cost of capital.
Effective internal controls are necessary for the Company to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud, and operate successfully as a public company. The Company cannot be certain that it will be able to maintain adequate controls over its financial processes and reporting in the future, or that it will be able to continue to comply with its obligations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls or to implement or improve the Company’s internal controls could harm its operating results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in the Company’s reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of its equity interests.
If the performance of the Company does not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of the Company’s securities may decline.
The price of the Company’s securities could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, and such fluctuations could contribute to the loss of all or part of a stockholder’s investment. Fluctuations or changes in the Company’s quarterly financial results, changes in or failure to meet market or financial analysts’ expectations about the Company, changes in laws and regulations, commencement, settlement or judgment involving litigation, changes in the Company’s capital structure and general economic and political conditions could materially and adversely affect a stockholder’s investment in the Company’s securities, and its securities may trade at prices significantly below the price paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of the Company’s securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of the Company’s securities irrespective of the Company’s operating performance. The stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks and of the Company’s securities may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to the Company could depress the Company’s stock price regardless of its business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations.
We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value.
Our stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date and we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares. Further, our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time. However, we do not expect to significantly increase the amount of stock repurchases until our gross debt is reduced below certain thresholds. Although the Company repurchased Class A Common Stock during 2025 and will continue to repurchase Class A Common Stock in accordance with the stock repurchase program, such program may not enhance long-term stockholder value. Furthermore, a 1% non-deductible U.S. federal excise tax (the “Stock Buyback Tax”) will apply to repurchases of stock made under our stock repurchase program. However, the amount of stock repurchases in the relevant taxable year subject to the Stock Buyback Tax is reduced by the fair market value of any stock issued by us during such taxable year, including the fair market value of any stock issued or provided to our employees or specified affiliates.
General Risks
C ontinuing or worsening inflationary issues and associated changes in monetary policy have resulted in and may result in additional increases to the cost of the Company’s services and personnel, which in turn cause the Company’s capital expenditures and operating costs to rise.
Although inflation has moderated in 2025, with an annual average consumer price index (“CPI”) of 2.6% compared to that of 2.9% in 2024, the FOMC is attentive to its dual mandate and seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2.0% over the longer run. Moderated inflation has led to multiple interest rate cuts by the U.S. Federal Reserve starting in October 2025; however, the FOMC decided to hold interest rates steady at 3.50% - 3.75% during its January 2026 FOMC meeting and gave little indication of what will come next for interest rates. Inflation pressure has resulted in and may result in additional increases to the costs of the Company’s services and personnel, which in turn cause the Company’s capital expenditures and operating costs to rise and impact the Company’s financial and operating results adversely.
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Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments.
Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments. For example, effective on June 4, 2025, the U.S. government imposed a 50% tariff on steel and aluminum imports except on imports from the U.K. Several tariff announcements have been followed by announcements of limited exemptions and temporary pauses. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court struck down the bulk of President Trump's sweeping tariffs, ruling that the administration overstepped its authority by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose them. Hours after the ruling, President Trump signed an executive order for a new 10% global import duty using Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. These actions have caused substantial uncertainty and volatility in financial markets and may result in retaliatory measures on U.S. goods. Retaliatory measures might affect export of oil and gas products and have an adverse impact on domestic production and prices, which might affect our results of operations adversely.
Our business requires access to steel and other materials to construct and maintain our pipelines and other midstream assets. Imposition of, or increase in, tariffs on imports of steel or other materials, as well as corresponding price increases for such materials available domestically, could increase our construction costs and our costs to maintain our assets. To the extent that we are unable to pass all or any such cost increases on to our customers, such cost increases could adversely affect our returns on investment. Higher material costs could also diminish our ability to develop new projects at acceptable returns, particularly during times of economic uncertainty, and limit our ability to pursue growth opportunities.
Tariffs or other trade restrictions may lead to continuing uncertainty and volatility in U.S. and global financial and economic conditions and commodity markets, declining consumer confidence, significant inflation and diminished expectations for the economy, and ultimately reduced demand for our and our customers’ products and services. Such conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. Also, disruptions and volatility in the financial markets may lead to adverse changes in the availability, terms and cost of capital. Changes in tariffs and trade restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice. The adoption and expansion of tariffs or other trade restrictions, increasing trade tensions, or other changes in governmental policies related to taxes, tariffs, trade agreements or policies, are difficult to predict, which makes attendant risks difficult to anticipate and mitigate. If we are unable to navigate further changes in U.S. or international trade policy, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
The Company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control.
Kinetik operates in both urban areas and remote areas. The Company’s operations are therefore subject to disruption from natural or human causes beyond its control, including risks from hurricanes, severe storms, floods, heat waves, other forms of severe weather, wildfires, sea level rise, ambient temperature increases, war or other military conflicts such as the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel and the Gaza Strip, recent events in Venezuela, accidents, civil unrest, global political events, fires, earthquakes, and epidemic or pandemic diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic, some of which may be impacted by climate change and any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the natural environment.
Crude oil and natural gas related facilities could be direct targets of terrorist attacks, and the Company’s operations could be adversely impacted if infrastructure integral to its operations is destroyed or damaged. Additionally, destructive forms of protest or opposition by activists, including acts of sabotage or eco-terrorism could cause significant damage or injury to people, property, or the environment or lead to extended interruptions of our operations. Costs for insurance and other security may increase as a result of these threats, and some insurance coverage may become more difficult to obtain, if available at all. Furthermore, any regional or domestic political turmoil and the related potential impact on the U.S. stability remain factors that contribute to an environment of economic and political uncertainty that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability. The Company’s risk management systems are designed to assess potential physical and other risks to its operations and assets and to plan for their resiliency. While capital investment reviews and decisions incorporate potential ranges of physical risks such as winter storm severity and frequency, air and water temperature, precipitation, among other factors, it is difficult to predict with certainty the timing, frequency or severity of such events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations or financial condition.
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Cybersecurity breaches of our IT systems could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
The oil and gas industry has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct day-to-day operations including certain midstream activities. For example, software programs are used to manage gathering and transportation systems and for compliance reporting. The use of mobile communication devices has increased rapidly. Industrial control systems such as SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) now control large scale processes that can include multiple sites and long distances, such as crude oil and natural gas pipelines.
The Company depends on digital technology, including information systems and related infrastructure as well as cloud applications and services, to process and record financial and operating data and to communicate with its employees and business service providers. The Company’s business service providers, including vendors and financial institutions, are also dependent on digital technology. The technologies needed to conduct midstream activities make certain information the target of theft or misappropriation.
In addition, the Company has begun to incorporate certain algorithmic technologies into its business activities. As with many technological innovations, the use presents risks and challenges associated with developing, deploying and governing such technologies that could adversely impact the Company’s business. The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding certain advanced technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence “AI” is rapidly evolving and uncertain, and may expose the Company to additional compliance costs, cybersecurity risks, and lawsuits. The Company is evaluating solutions to assist its employees in business activities and developing appropriate controls and parameters, but certain third parties may incorporate AI tools into their services and deliverables without the Company’s knowledge or control. Any of the foregoing may result in harm to the Company’s business, financial condition or reputation.
The Company’s technologies, systems, networks, and those of its business partners may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of its business operations. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance, may remain undetected for an extended period. A cyber incident involving the Company’s information systems and related infrastructure, or that of its business service providers, could disrupt its business plans and negatively impact its operations.
The Company’s implementation of various controls and processes, including globally incorporating a risk-based cyber security framework, to monitor and mitigate security threats and to increase security for its information, facilities and infrastructure is costly and labor intensive. Moreover, there can be no assurance that such measures will be sufficient to prevent security breaches from occurring. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Any such breakdowns or breaches, or resulting access, disclosure or other loss of information, could significantly disrupt the Company’s business and result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information and damage to its reputation, any of which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See additional information related to cybersecurity risks and how the Company manages such risk in Part I—Item 1C. Cybersecurity of this Annual Report .
Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and financial or operational performance in any given period.
In preparing the Company’s periodic reports under the Exchange Act, including its financial statements, Kinetik’s management is required under applicable rules and regulations to make estimates and assumptions as of a specified date. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and experience as of that date and are subject to substantial risk and uncertainty. Materially different results may occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. Areas requiring significant estimates and assumptions by management include revenue recognition, impairments to property, plant and equipment, accruals for estimated liabilities, including litigation reserves. Changes in estimates or assumptions or the information underlying the assumptions, such as changes in the Company’s business plans, general market conditions, litigation settlement or outcomes or changes in the Company’s outlook on commodity prices, could materially affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities or expenses.
• ASC . Accounting Standards Codification
• ASU . Accounting Standards Updates
• Bbl. One stock tank barrel of 42 United States (“U.S.”) gallons liquid volume used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids
• Bcf. One billion cubic feet
• Bcf/d. One Bcf per day
• Breviloba. Breviloba, LLC
• Btu. One British thermal unit, which is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water by one degree Fahrenheit
• CODM . Chief Operating Decision Maker
• Delaware Basin . Located on the western section of the Permian Basin. The Delaware Basin covers a 6.4 million acre area
• EBITDA. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
• EMI or EMIs. Equity Method Investment(s)
• EPIC. Epic Crude Holdings, LP
• FASB. Financial Accounting Standards Board
• FOMC. Federal Open Market Committee
• Field. An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs, all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations
• Formation. A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differs from nearby rock
• GAAP . United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
• GHG. Greenhouse gas
• IRC. Internal Revenue Code
• MBbl. One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGLs
• MBbl/d. One MBbl per day
• Mcf. One thousand cubic feet of natural gas
• Mcf/d. One Mcf per day
• MMBtu. One million British thermal units
• MMcf. One million cubic feet of natural gas
• MMcf/d. One MMcf per day
• MVC . Minimum volume commitments
• NGL or NGLs. Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas, which may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline
• PHP. Permian Highway Pipeline, LLC
• Throughput. The volume of crude oil, natural gas, NGLs, water and refined petroleum products transported or passing through a pipeline, plant, terminal or other facility during a particular period
• SEC . United States Securities and Exchange Commission
• SOFR . Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISKS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, including, without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected revenues, projected costs and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “believe,” “continue,” “seek,” “guidance,” “might,” “outlook,” “possibly,” “potential,” “prospect,” “should,” “would,” or similar terminology, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable under the circumstances, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to, assumptions about:
• our ability to integrate operations or realize any anticipated benefits, savings or growth of business combinations. See Note 3 — Business Combinations in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in this Annual Report;
• the market prices of oil, natural gas, NGLs, and other products or services;
• competition from other pipelines, terminals or other forms of transportation and competition from other service providers for gathering system capacity and availability;
• production rates, throughput volumes, reserve levels, and development success of dedicated oil and gas fields;
• our future financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, compliance with debt covenants and competitive position;
• our future revenues, cash flows and expenses;
• our access to capital and our anticipated liquidity;
• our future business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations;
• the amount, nature and timing of our future capital expenditures, including future development costs;
• the risks associated with potential acquisitions, divestitures, new joint ventures or other strategic opportunities;
• the recruitment and retention of our officers and personnel;
• the likelihood of success of and impact of litigation and other proceedings, including regulatory proceedings;
• our assessment of our counterparty risk and the ability of our counterparties to perform their future obligations;
• the impact of federal, state, and local political, regulatory and environmental developments where we conduct our business operations;
• the changes in the U.S. and foreign trade policy and the impact of tariffs on our business and results of operations;
• the occurrence of an extreme weather event, terrorist attack or other event that materially impacts project construction and our operations, including cyber or other operational electronic systems;
• our ability to successfully implement, execute and achieve our sustainability goals and initiatives;
• the realizability and valuation allowance assessment of our net deferred tax asset position;
• general economic and political conditions, including interest rates, inflation, the global geopolitical conflicts, foreign and domestic trade policies under the Trump Administration and other factors; and
• other factors disclosed under Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors , Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations , Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
iii
Other factors or events that could cause the actual results of Kinetik Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “Kinetik”) to differ materially from the Company’s expectations may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all such factors or events. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company, or persons acting on its behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise its forward-looking statements, whether based on changes in internal estimates or expectations, new information, future developments, or otherwise.
Risk Factors Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. Please refer to Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors in this Annual Report below for additional discussion of the risks summarized in this Risk Factors Summary.
Business and Operational Risks
• The majority of the Company’s operating assets are currently located in the Permian Basin, making it vulnerable to risks associated with operating in a single geographic area.
• Because of the natural decline in hydrocarbon production from existing wells, the Company’s success depends, in part, on its ability to maintain or increase hydrocarbon throughput volumes on its midstream systems, which depends on its customers’ levels of development and completion activity on its dedicated acreage.
• We may experience difficulties completing acquisitions or divestitures or integrating new businesses and properties, and we may be unable to achieve the benefits we expect from any future acquisitions or divestitures.
• The Company owns interests in certain pipeline projects and other joint ventures, and the Company’s control of such entities is limited.
• If the third-party pipelines interconnected to the Company’s pipelines become unavailable to transport or store crude oil, NGLs or natural gas, or if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
• The third parties on whom the Company relies for transportation services from its processing facilities are subject to complex federal, state, and other laws that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
• The Company’s customers may suspend, reduce or terminate their obligations under the Company’s commercial agreements with them.
• Increased competition from other companies that provide midstream services, or from alternative fuel sources, could have a negative impact on the demand for the Company’s services.
• The Company’s exposure to commodity price risk may change over time and the Company cannot guarantee the terms of any existing or future agreements for its midstream services with its customers.
• The use of derivative financial instruments could result in material financial losses by us.
• The Company’s construction of new midstream assets may not be completed on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, may not operate as designed or at the expected levels, or may be subject to new or additional regulatory, environmental, political, contractual, legal and economic risks.
• The Company’s business involves many hazards and operational risks, some of which may not be fully covered by insurance.
• A shortage of equipment and skilled labor could reduce equipment availability and labor productivity and increase labor and equipment costs.
Environmental and Regulatory Risks Related to the Company
• The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and its business and profitability could be adversely affected by actions by governmental entities, changes to current laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with laws or regulations.
• Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
• Rate regulation, challenges by shippers to the rates the Company charges on its pipelines or changes in the jurisdictional characterization of some of the Company’s assets by federal, state or local regulatory agencies or a change in policy by those agencies may result in increased regulation of its assets, which may cause its operating expenses to increase, limit the rates it charges for certain services and decrease the amount of cash flows.
• Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to pipeline safety, which are often subject to change, may result in more stringent regulations or enforcement and could subject the Company to increased operational costs, increased capital costs and potential operational delays.
• Increased regulation of hydraulic fracturing could result in reductions or delays in crude oil and natural gas production by the Company’s customers, which could reduce the throughput on its gathering and other midstream systems.
• Adoption of new or more stringent legal standards relating to induced seismic activity associated with produced-water disposal could affect the Company’s operations.
• The Company may incur significant liability under, or costs and expenditures to comply with, health, safety and environmental laws and regulations, which are complex and subject to frequent change.
• Legislation, executive orders and regulatory initiatives relating to climate change could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, while potential physical effects of climate change could disrupt the Company’s operations, cause damage to its pipelines and other facilities and cause it to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
• Increased attention to sustainability-related matters and conservation measures may adversely impact the Company’s business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
• Entities controlled by Blackstone Inc. (“Blackstone”) and ISQ Global Fund II GP, LLC (“I Squared Capital”) are parties to the amended and restated stockholders agreement granting certain director designation rights and own a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and thus could strongly influence all of the Company’s corporate actions.
• Potential future sales pursuant to registration rights granted by the Company and under Rule 144 may depress the market price for our shares of Class A Common Stock
• The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases depends on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which it may not be able to accomplish.
• The Company’s charter designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by its stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, employees or agents.
• If the Company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to report accurately its financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential holders of the Company’s equity could lose confidence in its financial reporting, which would harm its business and cost of capital.
• If the performance of the Company does not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of the Company’s securities may decline.
• We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value.
General Risks
• Continuing or worsening inflationary issues and associated changes in monetary policy have resulted in and may result in additional increases to the cost of the Company’s services and personnel.
• Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments.
• The Company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control.
• Cybersecurity breaches of our IT systems could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
• Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and financial or operational performance in any given period.
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PART I
ITEMS 1 and 2. BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES
Overview
We are an integrated midstream energy company in the Permian Basin providing comprehensive gathering, transportation, compression, processing and treating services. Our core capabilities include a variety of service offerings including natural gas gathering, transportation, compression, treating and processing; NGLs stabilization and transportation; produced water gathering and disposal; and crude oil gathering, stabilization, storage and transportation. We have over 2.4 Bcf/d cryogenic natural gas processing capacity strategically located across Texas and New Mexico. As measured by processing capacity, we are the fourth largest natural gas processor in the Delaware Basin and fourth largest across the entire Permian Basin. In addition, we have equity interests in two long-term contracted pipelines transporting natural gas, NGLs, and crude oil from the Permian Basin to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets.
Significant Transactions and Recent Developments
Barilla Draw Acquisition
On January 14, 2025, the Company completed the previously announced bolt-on acquisition with Permian Resources Corporation, who directly owned all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of (a) RC Permian Gathering, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Permian Gathering”) and (b) Barilla Draw Gathering, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Barilla Draw”), to acquire all issued and outstanding membership interests of Permian Gathering and Barilla Draw (the “Barilla Draw Acquisition”) for $175.5 million of cash consideration. Refer to Note 3—Business Combinations in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report Form 10-K for further information.
EPIC Sale
On October 31, 2025, the Company consummated the previously announced Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among Altus Midstream Processing LP, a Delaware limited partnership and indirect subsidiary of the Company, Kinetik EC Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and indirect subsidiary of the Company (“Kinetik Sellers”), with Rattler Midstream Operating LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Rattler”), Rattler OMOG LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Rattler OMOG” together with Rattler, the “Diamondback Sellers” and, the Diamondback Sellers together with the Kinetik Sellers, the “Sellers”), Plains BK Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Buyer”), and, solely for the purposes set forth therein, each of Plains All American Pipeline, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Rattler Midstream LP, a Delaware limited partnership and Kinetik Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership, pursuant to which the Sellers agreed to sell all of their respective partnership interests in EPIC, collectively representing 55% of the outstanding interests in EPIC, to Buyer for a total purchase price of approximately $1.76 billion (the “EPIC Sale”). The Company received $504.2 million of upfront cash consideration in exchange for its 27.5% interest in EPIC. The Company recognized a net gain of $415.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 in relation to this transaction. In addition, the Company may receive approximately $96.0 million attributable to an earnout, payable upon the approval by the board of directors of the general partner of EPIC of one or more capital projects that achieve certain capacity expansion criteria. Refer to Note 7—Equity Method Investments in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report Form 10-K for further information.
Financing Activities
On March 14, 2025, the Company and Kinetik Holdings LP (the “Partnership”) completed a private placement of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Partnership’s 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “New 2028 Notes”) at 101.25% of par. The New 2028 Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture dated as of December 6, 2023, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Indenture”), pursuant to which the Partnership has previously issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Existing Notes” and together with the New 2028 Notes, the “2028 Notes”).
On April 1, 2025, the Partnership entered into an amendment to its accounts receivable securitization facility dated April 2, 2024 (as amended, the “Amended A/R Facility”) to, among other things, increase the facility limit to $250.0 million and extend the scheduled termination date to March 31, 2026.
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On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into a term loan credit agreement, which provides for a $1.15 billion senior unsecured term loan (the “Term Loan”) maturing on May 30, 2028 (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), and a revolving credit agreement that provides for a $1.60 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $300.0 million sublimit for swingline loans (such agreement, the “Revolving Credit Agreement”). All borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility will mature on May 30, 2030, unless such maturity date is adjusted in accordance with the Revolving Credit Agreement. In connection with entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement, the Company repaid all outstanding borrowings under and extinguished (1) the 2022 term loan credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Term Loan Credit Agreement”) and (2) the 2022 revolving credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Revolving Credit Agreement”). The Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $0.6 million for the extinguishment of these existing credit facilities.
Organizational Structure
The Company is a holding company, whose significant assets are ownership of the non-economic general partner interest and an approximate 40% limited partner interest in the Partnership. As the owner of the non-economic general partner interest in the Partnership, the Company is responsible for all related operational, management and administrative decisions and consolidates the results of the Partnership and its subsidiaries. The Company also owns equity interests in two Permian Basin pipelines that have access to various points along the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets. The Company’s operations are strategically located in the heart of the Delaware Basin in the Permian and the Company’s operational headquarters is located at 303 Veterans Airpark Lane in Midland, Texas 79705. The Company’s corporate office is located at 2700 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300, Houston, Texas 77056. The following chart summarizes our organizational structure as of December 31, 2025. For simplicity, certain entities and ownership interests have not been depicted.
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Industry Overview
The following diagram illustrates the Company’s primary operations along the midstream value chain:
The midstream industry is the link between the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil and condensate and the delivery of its salable commodity components to end-user markets. The midstream industry is generally characterized by regional competition based on the proximity of gathering systems and processing plants to natural gas and crude oil and condensate producing wells.
Our Operating Segments and Properties
We have two reportable operating segments with revenue streams from various products and services. The activities of each of our reportable segments from which the Company earns revenues, records equity income or losses and incurs expenses are further discussed below. The map below depicts the major assets of our core businesses.
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Midstream Logistics
The Midstream Logistics segment provides three service offerings: 1) gas gathering and processing, 2) crude oil gathering, stabilization and storage services and 3) produced water gathering and disposal.
Gas Gathering and Processing
The Midstream Logistics segment provides gas gathering and processing services with over 4,200 miles of low and high-pressure steel pipeline located throughout the Delaware Basin and over 825,000 horsepower of compression. Gas processing assets are centralized at eight processing complexes with total cryogenic processing capacity of over 2.4 Bcf/d: Diamond Cryogenic complex (720 MMcf/d), Pecos Bend complex (540 MMcf/d), East Toyah complex (460 MMcf/d), Pecos complex (260 MMcf/d), Kings Landing complex (200 MMcf/d), Maljamar complex (150 MMcf/d), Dagger Draw (75 MMcf/d) complex and Sierra Grande complex (60 MMcf/d). In addition, the segment provides system-wide amine treating and 6.5 MMcf/d of acid gas injection capacity. Current residue gas outlets are the El Paso Natural Gas Pipeline, Energy Transfer Comanche Trail Pipeline and Transwestern Pipeline, ONEOK Roadrunner Pipeline, Whitewater Aqua Blanca Pipeline, PHP, New Mexico Gas Company and the Company’s wholly owned and operated Delaware Link Pipeline. NGL outlets are Energy Transfer’s Lone Star NGL Pipeline, Targa’s Grand Prix NGL Pipeline, Chevron Phillips Chemical MexTex Pipeline, ONEOK West Texas NGL Pipeline and Enterprise’s Shin Oak NGL Pipeline (“Shin Oak”), which are accessed through our wholly owned and operated intrabasin NGL pipelines.
Crude Oil Gathering, Stabilization, and Storage Services
The Midstream Logistics segment provides crude oil gathering, stabilization and storage services throughout the Texas Delaware Basin. Crude gathering assets are centralized at the Caprock Stampede Terminal and the Pinnacle Sierra Grande Terminal. The system includes approximately 280 miles of gathering pipeline and 90,000 barrels of crude storage. The crude facilities have connections for takeaway transportation into certain facilities operated by Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. Over 50 miles of gathering pipeline was added to our crude gathering assets through the Barilla Draw Acquisition which closed in January 2025.
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Water Gathering and Disposal
In addition, the Midstream Logistics segment provides water gathering and disposal services through assets located in northern Reeves County, Texas. The system includes approximately 370 miles of gathering pipeline and approximately 580,000 barrels per day of permitted disposal capacity.
Pipeline Transportation
As of December 31, 2025, the Pipeline Transportation segment consists of two EMI Pipelines originating in the Permian Basin with various access points to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets, and our wholly owned and operated pipelines, Kinetik NGL and Delaware Link Pipelines. The pipelines transport natural gas and NGLs within the Permian Basin and to the U.S. Gulf Coast. Furthermore, the Company’s Eddy County Culberson Connector (“ECCC”) Pipeline is under construction, which provides connection from Eddy County, New Mexico to Culberson County, Texas and approximately 150 MMcf/d of rich gas throughput capacity. The ECCC Pipeline is estimated to be in-service during the second quarter of 2026.
Permian Highway Pipeline
The Company owns an approximately 55.5% equity interest in PHP, which is also owned and operated by Kinder Morgan Texas Pipeline, LLC (“Kinder Morgan”). PHP transports natural gas from the Waha area in northern Pecos County, Texas to the Katy, Texas area with connections to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets. PHP was placed in service in January 2021, with the total capacity of 2.65 Bcf/d.
Breviloba, LLC
The Company owns a 33.0% equity interest in Shin Oak, which is owned by Breviloba, and operated by Enterprise Products Operating LLC. Shin Oak transports NGLs from the Permian Basin to Mont Belvieu, Texas. Shin Oak has a total capacity of over 600 MBbl/d.
Kinetik NGL Pipeline System
The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System consists of approximately 96 miles of NGL pipelines connecting our East Toyah and Pecos complexes to Waha, including our 20-inch Dewpoint pipeline that spans 40 miles, and our 28 mile, 20-inch Brandywine Pipeline connecting to our Diamond Cryogenic complex. The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System has an approximate capacity of 580 MBbl/d.
Delaware Link Pipeline
The Delaware Link Pipeline consists of approximately 40 miles of 30-inch diameter pipeline with a capacity of approximately 1.0 Bcf/d that provides additional transportation capacity to Waha. The project reached commercial in-service in October 2023.
The following table summarizes our ownership and capacity of properties in our Pipeline Transportation segment as of December 31, 2025:
Asset
Ownership Interest
Approximate Pipeline System Miles
Capacity
Pipeline Transportation
PHP
2.65 Bcf/d
Breviloba
600 MBbl/d
Kinetik NGL Pipelines
350 MBbl/d
Brandywine Pipeline
230 MBbl/d
Delaware Link Pipeline
1.0 Bcf/d
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Title to Properties and Permits
Certain pipelines connecting our facilities are constructed on rights-of-way granted by the apparent record owners of the property and in some instances these rights-of-way are revocable at the election of the grantor. In several instances, lands over which rights-of-way have been obtained could be subject to prior liens that have not been subordinated to the right-of-way grants. We have obtained permits from public authorities to cross over or under, or to lay pipelines in or along, watercourses, county roads, municipal streets and state highways and, in some instances, these permits are revocable at the election of the grantor. These permits may also be subject to renewal from time to time and we will generally seek renewal or arrange alternative means of transport through additional investment or commercial agreements. We have also obtained permits from railroad companies to cross over or under lands or rights-of-way, many of which are also revocable at the grantor’s election.
We believe we have satisfactory permits and/or title to all our material rights-of-way. We also believe that we have satisfactory title to all our material assets.
Competition
The business of providing gathering, compression, processing and transmission services for natural gas and NGLs is highly competitive. The Company faces intense competition in obtaining natural gas and NGL volumes, including from major integrated and independent exploration and production companies, interstate and intrastate pipelines, and other companies that gather, compress, treat, process, transmit or market natural gas and NGLs. Competition for supplies is primarily based on geographic location of facilities in relation to production or markets, the reputation, efficiency and reliability of the midstream company, and the pricing arrangements offered by the midstream company. For areas where acreage is not dedicated to the Company, the Company will compete with similar enterprises in providing additional gathering, compression, processing and transmission services in the same area of operation.
Human Capital
At Kinetik, we recognize that our employees are our greatest asset, and their success is our success, and as such, we strive to prioritize their well-being, engagement and professional growth. We also strive to retain top talent by fostering a culture that values health and safety, respect for employees and continuous development. As of December 31, 2025, we had more than 500 employees. None of these employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Health and Safety. The Company’s Environmental, Health and Safety (“EHS”) Management System provides a systematic framework for managing environmental and safety risks, promoting continuous improvement, and driving regulatory compliance. Our focus on achieving zero incidents has driven the development of a robust health and safety program that goes beyond compliance, cultivating a culture where safety is driven by motivation is embraced. We employ computer-based tools to track environmental and safety performance, manage safety and risks and monitor key metrics. We set ambitious and measurable safety targets to support our commitment to the safety and well-being of our employees and those around us. In 2025, our Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”) was 1.20 and our Motor Vehicle Incident Rate (“MVIR”) was 1.32.
Through effective engagement, recognition and incentive programs, we aim to cultivate a culture of excellence that results in a more engaged and productive workforce. The Kinetik Employee Engagement Program (“KEEP”) gives employees a simple and direct way to report hazards, suggest improvements, or recognize coworkers. This initiative, rooted in the “See Something, Say Something” philosophy, promotes shared learning and operational excellence. In 2025, employees submitted 335 KEEP Cards, leading to 379 proactive risk mitigation actions.
In addition, we believe that a well-trained workforce is key to fostering a strong safety culture and delivering high performance. In 2025, our employees collectively completed over 20,600 hours of EHS-related training, with field-based employees averaging 44 hours each, covering a variety of topics such as environmental compliance, Company EHS policies, OSHA regulations, driver safety and emergency response.
Cultivating an Empowered Workforce. We are committed to cultivating an empowered workforce and believe that fostering a culture of appreciation empowers our workforce and inspires them to consistently deliver outstanding performance. We employ a mix of formal and informal recognition strategies, including monetary and non-monetary incentives that recognize employee performance, service milestones and exceptional contributions in safety, compliance, innovation and teamwork. Since 2021, we have conducted annual employee engagement surveys across the Company to assess workplace satisfaction, culture, communication and leadership. We use year-over-year data to track progress and identify areas for improvement. We also annually conduct focus group interviews across key locations. These face-to-face sessions, led by a third-party specialist, provide more detailed feedback beyond the employee engagement survey, offering rich, actionable inputs
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that help guide organizational progress.
At Kinetik, we are committed to maintaining a professional and inclusive environment—one where different perspectives are welcomed and all employees have the opportunity to thrive. Along with annually acknowledging our Code of Business Conduct (the “Code of Conduct”), as part of our ongoing commitment to promote a respectful and inclusive workplace, all employees are required to complete Workplace Harassment training and Discrimination Free Workplace training.
Regulation of Operations
Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation
Under the Natural Gas Act (“NGA”), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) regulates the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce. Intrastate transportation of natural gas is largely regulated by the state in which such transportation takes place. To the extent that the Company’s intrastate natural gas transportation systems transport natural gas in interstate commerce, the rates, terms and conditions of such services are subject to FERC jurisdiction under Section 311 of the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (“NGPA”). The NGPA regulates, among other things, the provision of transportation services by an intrastate natural gas pipeline on behalf of a local distribution company or an interstate natural gas pipeline. Under Section 311 of the NGPA, rates charged for interstate transportation must be fair and equitable, and amounts collected in excess of fair and equitable rates are subject to refund with interest. The terms and conditions of service set forth in the Company’s statement of operating conditions for transportation service under Section 311 of the NGPA are also subject to FERC review and approval. Failure to observe the service limitations applicable to transportation services under Section 311, failure to comply with the rates approved by the FERC for Section 311 service, or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of service established in the pipeline’s FERC-approved statement of operating conditions could result in a change of jurisdictional status and/or the imposition of administrative, civil and criminal remedies.
The Company’s intrastate pipeline operations are also subject to regulation by various agencies in Texas and New Mexico, principally the Railroad Commission of Texas (“TRRC”) and the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (“NMPRC”). Generally, the TRRC and the NMPRC are vested with authority to ensure that rates, operations and services of gas utilities, including intrastate pipelines, are just and reasonable and not discriminatory. The rates the Company charges for transportation services are deemed just and reasonable under Texas and New Mexico law unless challenged in a customer or regulatory complaint. Failure to comply with relevant regulations can result in the imposition of administrative, civil and criminal remedies.
Natural Gas Gathering Regulation
Section 1(b) of the NGA exempts natural gas gathering facilities from the jurisdiction of the FERC. The Company believes that its natural gas gathering pipelines meet the traditional tests the FERC has used to establish whether a pipeline is a gathering pipeline that is not subject to FERC jurisdiction. However, the distinction between FERC-regulated transmission services and federally unregulated gathering services has been the subject of substantial litigation and varying interpretations. In addition, the FERC’s determinations as to whether a pipeline is a gathering pipeline are made on a case-by-case basis, so the classification and regulation of the Company’s natural gas pipeline system could be subject to change based on future determinations by the FERC and the courts. State regulation of gathering facilities generally includes various safety, environmental and, in some circumstances, nondiscriminatory take requirements and complaint-based rate regulation.
The Company’s natural gas gathering facilities in Texas are subject to regulation by the TRRC under the Texas Utilities Code and the Texas Natural Resources Code in the same manner as described above for intrastate pipeline transportation facilities. The Company’s natural gas gathering pipeline system is also subject to ratable take and common purchaser statutes in Texas. The ratable take statute generally requires gatherers to take, without undue discrimination, natural gas production that may be tendered to the gatherer for handling. Similarly, the common purchaser statute generally requires gatherers to purchase without undue discrimination as to source of supply or producer. These statutes are designed to prohibit discrimination in favor of one producer over another producer or one source of supply over another source of supply. In New Mexico, the Company’s natural gas gathering facilities are subject to regulation by numerous governmental agencies, including the NMPRC.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Regulation
Transmission services rendered by the Company are subject to the regulation of the TRRC and the NMPRC. The TRRC and the NMPRC have the authority to regulate rates, though they generally have not investigated the rates or practices of intrastate pipelines in the absence of shipper complaints.
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Pipeline Safety Regulations
Some of the Company’s pipelines are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (“DOT”) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) pursuant to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (“NGPSA”), with respect to natural gas, and the Hazardous Liquids Pipeline Safety Act of 1979 (“HLPSA”), with respect to NGLs. The NGPSA and HLPSA regulate safety requirements in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas, crude oil, and NGL pipeline facilities, while the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 (“PSIA”) establishes mandatory inspections for all U.S. crude oil, NGL, and natural gas transmission pipelines in high consequence areas (“HCAs”), the violation of which can result in administrative, civil and criminalpenalties, including civil fines, injunctions, or both.
PHMSA regularly revises its pipeline safety regulations. States are largely preempted by federal law from regulating pipeline safety for interstate lines but most are certified by the DOT to assume responsibility for enforcing federal intrastate pipeline regulations and inspection of intrastate pipelines. States may adopt stricter standards for intrastate pipelines than those imposed by the federal government for interstate lines; however, states vary considerably in their authority and capacity to address pipeline safety. State standards may include requirements for facility design and management in addition to requirements for pipelines. For example, the TRRC and NMPRC have adopted rules that require operators of natural gas and hazardous liquid gathering lines in rural areas to report accidents, conduct investigations and perform necessary corrective action. Due to the possibility of new or amended laws and regulations or reinterpretation of existing laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that future compliance with PHMSA or state requirements will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
The Company’s operations are subject to the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and comparable state laws that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. The Company believes that its operations are in substantial compliance with OSHA requirements, including general industry standards, hazard communication, record keeping requirements and monitoring of occupational exposure to regulated substances.
Our business operations are also subject to numerous environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations imposed at the federal, regional, state and local levels. The activities the Company conducts in connection with the gathering, compression, dehydration, treatment, processing and transportation of natural gas and gathering, stabilization, transportation and storage of crude oil are subject to, or may become subject to, stringent environmental regulation and we could incur costs related to the cleanup of third-party sites to which we have sent regulated substances for disposal or equipment for cleaning, and for damages to natural resources or other claims relating to releases of regulated substances at or from such third-party sites. The Company has implemented a number of programs and policies designed to monitor and pursue continued operation of our activities in a manner consistent with environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations. To that end, the Company has incurred and will continue to incur operating and capital expenditures to comply with these laws and regulations. Some of these environmental compliance costs may be material and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain existing environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations include the following U.S. legal standards, which may be amended from time to time:
• the Clean Air Act, which restricts the emission of air pollutants from many sources and imposes various pre-construction, operational, monitoring and reporting requirements, and which the EPA has historically relied upon as authority for adopting climate change regulatory initiatives relating to GHG emissions;
• the Clean Water Act, which regulates discharges of pollutants to state and federal waters as well as establishing the extent to which waterways are subject to federal jurisdiction and rulemaking as protected waters of the United States;
• the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, which imposes liability on generators, transporters and arrangers of hazardous substances at sites where releases, or threatened releases, of such hazardous substances has occurred;
• the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), which governs the generation, treatment, storage, transport and disposal of solid wastes, including hazardous wastes;
• the Oil Pollution Act, which imposes liability for removal costs and damages arising from an oil spill in waters of the United States on owners and operators of onshore facilities, pipelines and other facilities;
• the National Environmental Policy Act, which requires federal agencies to evaluate major agency actions that have the potential to significantly impact the environment, to include the preparation of an Environmental Assessment to assess potential direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of the proposed project, and, if necessary, prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement that may be made available to the public for comment;
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• the Safe Drinking Water Act, which ensures the quality of the nation’s public drinking through adoption of drinking water standards and controlling the injection of waste fluids into below-ground formations that may adversely affect drinking water sources;
• the Endangered Species Act, which imposes restrictions on activities that may adversely affect federally identified endangered and threatened species or their habitats, to include the implementation of operating restrictions or a temporary, seasonal or permanent ban in affected areas;
• the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, which requires the implementation of a safety hazard communication program and the dissemination of information to employees, local emergency planning committees, and response departments on toxic chemicals use and inventories;
• the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which establishes workplace standards for the protection of both the health and safety of employees, to include the implementation of hazard communications programs to inform employees about hazardous substances in the workplace, the potential harmful effects of those substances and appropriate control measures; and
• the DOT regulations relating to the advancement of safe transportation of energy and hazardous materials and emergency response preparedness.
Environmental laws and regulations are frequently subject to change. More stringent environmental laws that apply to our operations and the operations of our customers may result in increased operating costs and capital expenditures for compliance, including, but not limited to, those related to the emission of GHGs and climate change. Notwithstanding the EPA’s recent proposal to revoke the “Endangerment Finding,” which supports the majority of the EPA’s GHG-related regulations, given the long-term trend toward increasing regulation, future federal and/or state GHG regulations of the oil and gas industry remain a significant possibility.
On March 15, 2023, the EPA announced finalization of its Good Neighbor Plan (the “Plan”) to reduce nitrogen oxide pollution from power plants and other industrial facilities from 23 upwind states which the EPA determined are significantly contributing to National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) nonattainment and interfering with maintenance of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in downwind states. The Plan was to have been effective in 2026, but, in June 2024, the Supreme Court halted enforcement of the Plan while it is contested in the lower courts. Additionally, under the current presidential administration’s deregulatory agenda, the EPA has begun rolling back the Plan. We cannot predict what further actions the Trump Administration will take with respect to the Plan; however, compliance with a revised or future Plan could have material financial impacts on our natural gas business.
In March 2024, the EPA published New Source Performance Standards (“NSPS”), known as Subpart OOOOb and Subpart OOOOc, which introduce emissions standards for methane and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”) from certain new, modified, and reconstructed oil and natural-gas production, processing and transmission facilities. However, in March 2025, the EPA announced plans to reconsider Subparts OOOOb and OOOOc in line with the Trump Administration’s deregulatory agenda. Additionally, in November 2025, the EPA finalized an interim final rule extending the compliance deadlines for certain provisions provided in Subpart OOOOb and Subpart OOOOc. Litigationchallenging the EPA’s final interim rule extending such compliance deadlines for new and existing oil and gas sources remains pending. Consequently, future implementation and enforcement of the final rule remain uncertain. At this time, we do not anticipate a material impact to our planned capital, operations and maintenance costs resulting from compliance with the current or pending regulations and proposed EPA actions. However, the EPA and/or state regulators may issue additional regulations, responses, amendments and/or policy guidance, which could alter our present expectations.
Trends in environmental and worker health and safety regulation over time has been to typically place increasing restrictions and limitations on activities that could result in adverse effects to the environment or expose workers to injury. These changes in environmental and worker safety laws and regulations, or reinterpretations or enforcement policies that may arise in the future and result in increasingly stringent or costly waste management or disposal, pollution control, remediation or worker health and safety-related requirements, may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition. We may not have insurance or be fully covered by insurance against all risks relating to environmental or occupational health and safety, and we may be unable to pass on the increased cost of compliance arising from such risks to our customers. We regularly review regulatory and environmental issues as they pertain to the Company and we consider these as part of our general risk management approach.
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Insurance
Our business has operating risks normally associated with the gathering, stabilization, transportation and storage of crude oil and gathering, compression, dehydration, treatment, processing and transportation of natural gas, which could cause damage to life or property. In accordance with industry practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, potential operating losses. For some operating risks, the Company may not obtain insurance if the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented; in such a case, if a significant operating accident or other event occurs which is not fully covered by the insurance the Company has, this could adversely affect our operations and business. As we continue to grow, we will continue to evaluate our policy limits and deductibles as they relate to the overall cost and scope of our insurance program.
Sustainability
Overview
The Company is committed to advancing a safer, cleaner, and more reliable energy future and believes that integrating environmental, safety, governance, and community considerations into our business decisions is essential to creating value for its stakeholders. In July 2025, the Company published its fiscal year 2024 Sustainability Report (“Report”). The Report focused on four key areas: Governance, Environment, People and Community Engagement.
Governance
The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) consists of 10 directors and is led by the Chairman of the Board and the Lead Independent Director. The Board exercises general supervision over the Company’s business, operations, strategy and risk management programs. The Board delegates specific oversight duties to three standing committees: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance and Sustainability Committee.
We firmly believe that commitment to an actionable sustainability strategy makes for a stronger, more resilient company and drives better performance. As such, we embed sustainability responsibilities throughout our organization, reinforcing ownership and accountability at all levels. In both 2025 and 2024, 20% of executive and employee annual at-risk pay was tied to measurable performance in three key areas: (1) methane intensity ratio, (2) TRIR and (3) MVIR. The Governance and Sustainability Committee supported the Compensation Committee in defining these goals to help ensure they are rigorous and aligned with the Company’s long-term performance and risk priorities.
In addition, the Company has developed an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program across all functional areas and mechanisms for identifying, prioritizing, and mitigating risks. We evaluate risks across the enterprise on a regular basis, examining the potential impact to our operating flexibility, along with the financial and reputational impact of such risks. Our Audit Committee of the Board has primary oversight over the ERM process, reviewing ongoing assessments of the company’s risk management processes and system of internal control. Our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Accounting Officer has functional oversight over the enterprise risk function.
Furthermore, we are committed to conducting business in accordance with the highest ethical standards. Our Code of Conduct is designed to deterwrong-doing and promote honest and ethical conduct in every aspect of our business dealings. Our Code of Conduct details our policy regarding corruption, antitrustviolations, insider dealings, gifts and entertainment, conflicts of interest, and validity of financial information or business practices. The Audit Committee oversees business ethics issues, while day-to-day implementation and oversight are led by our General Counsel. The Company also recognizes the importance of receiving, retaining and addressing concerns from our directors, officers, employees and other stakeholders seriously and expeditiously. We use a confidential third-party ethics hotline to enable anyone to report concerns. The ethics hotline is monitored by our Human Resources and Legal departments, as well as the Chair of the Audit Committee. Any criticalconcerns are escalated to the Audit Committee Chair and/or Audit Committee immediately, while other matters are reported quarterly or as necessary. In addition, all employees were required to complete Insider Trading and Anti-Bribery and Corruption training.
Environmental Responsibility
The Company is committed to being a good steward of the environment and prioritizes climate change as a key issue. We are committed to contributing to global solutions by responsibly reducing the adverse environmental impact of our operations while pursuing economic growth and energy security. Over 50% of our debt instruments is linked to sustainability performance, including performance targets related to GHG and methane emission intensity. The Company is in the process of gathering 2025 GHG emission data at the time this Annual Report on Form 10-K is filed with the SEC.
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We aim to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations and also implement voluntary measures to further reduce greenhouse gas and criteria air emissions. Over the past several years, we have expanded our emissions-management capabilities through initiatives that seek to reduce emissions and improve emissions monitoring, reporting, and operational performance. These efforts include:
• pneumatics upgrades;
• electrified compression;
• leak prevention;
• advanced emission detection;
• New Energy Ventures;
• carbon capture, utilization and storage;
• advanced GHG emission monitoring and management;
• renewable energy and
• operational improvements and efficiencies.
In 2025, we advanced our emissions reduction efforts across the organization. We conduct regular leak detection surveys using independent third parties and deploy advanced methane detection and monitoring technologies across our assets. Operations and support teams are trained and equipped to operate handheld leak detection devices. We also operate continuous emissions monitoring systems - both camera- and sensor-based - at strategic locations and perform regular aerial surveys using Optical Gas Imaging (“OGI”) technology to visualize methane and volatile organic compound emissions in real time. Our New Energy Ventures (“NEV”) team further supports emissions reduction through innovative lower-carbon technologies such as Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage, carbon neutral power generation, eFuels, and other clean energy solutions. In 2024, NEV partnered with Infinium in Project Roadrunner, which features a long-term agreement to supply carbon dioxide (“CO 2 ”) from our Permian Basin operations for reuse in the production of ultra-low carbon eFuels. In addition, we received approval from the US Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) for the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (“MRV”) Plan for three Class II Acid Gas Injection (“AGI”) wells at our Maljamar and Dagger Draw processing facilities, which were acquired through the Durango Acquisition. The MRV Plan enables the Company to economically benefit from sequestered CO 2 through 45Q tax credits. We also focus on reducing our Scope 2 GHG emissions through implementing energy efficiency measures and sourcing renewable energy.
Our Water Management practices support environmental stewardship, regulatory compliance, and operational resilience. While our direct water use is relatively low compared to the other industries and sectors of the oil and gas value chain, produced water management remains a priority due to its regulatory relevance, operational importance, and potential adverse environmental impact. Our approach focuses on minimizing water-related risks while striving to provide reliable and necessary water solutions to our customers. We had no violations or penalties related to our Water Management program in 2025.
Our Waste Management practices emphasize responsible waste handling, including waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal. Waste generated from our operations is closely monitored and managed in accordance with our Waste Management Plans and applicable regulatory requirements. Our management practices support broader goals of reducing landfill volumes, preventingimproper disposal, and promoting resource efficiency. We had no violations or penalties related to our Waste Management program in 2025.
At Kinetik, we are committed to the safe construction, operation, and maintenance of our facilities. Our comprehensive process safety, risk management, and pipeline integrity programs are designed to help ensure the safe and reliable construction and operation of our assets. These programs are subject to safety and integrity audits by OSHA, EPA, PHMSA, TRRC, NMPRC, and other regulators. Our pipeline network spans over 5,000 miles and is managed using risk-based and prescriptive inspection schedules that address corrosion, weather-related impacts, and third-party activity. We also maintain spill prevention and emergency response plans, to help prevent and mitigate releases. In 2025, we underwent 7 pipeline integrity and safety audits by regulators, resulting in zero regulatory penalties.
While any new or amended laws and regulations or reinterpretation of existing laws and regulations would not be expected to be any more burdensome to the Company than to other, similarly situated operators, there can be no assurance that future compliance with any new environmental requirements will not have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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Social Responsibility
We recognize that people are our greatest asset and the driving force behind our success and we are committed to supporting their safety, well-being, and professional development. We prioritize a safe working environment, competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits, and a range of training and development opportunities designed to attract, retain, and support a skilled workforce. See additional information regarding employee initiatives in Part I—Item 1. and 2. Business and Properties—Human Capital in this Annual Report.
We seek to be a positive presence in the communities where we live and operate, investing both time and resources in initiatives that drive meaningful impact through financial contributions and volunteer support. In 2025, Kinetik contributed over $1.6 million to charitable organizations and local community initiatives, including local emergency response departments, the Permian Strategic Partnership and BEAR - Be a Resource for CPS Kids Houston. We also support employee engagement through paid volunteer time and a charitable matching program.
Strong relationships with local communities and landowners are essential to our operations in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico. We engage proactively with those who live and work near our infrastructure by providing clear, timely information about our activities and responding to questions or concerns. Landowners and local governments are key partners in enabling our operations by providing the rights-of-way for pipelines and facilities, and we work collaboratively with them on matters such as access, maintenance, safety practices, and land restoration. Our goal is to maintain respectful relationships that support long-term trust and operational reliability.
We aim to develop a supply chain that aligns with our core values and sustainability and business objectives. Our Supplier Code of Conduct (“Supplier Code”) promotes responsible practices across our value chain, outlining expectations for ethics, compliance, safety, environmental stewardship, human rights and setting a benchmark for our suppliers to adhere to our high standards. To measure our suppliers against our standards, we utilize ISNetworld, a resource for connecting with safe, qualified contractors and suppliers. We also implemented sustainability focused measures into our Contractor Management program to gainvaluable insights into our suppliers’ sustainability performance, which enable us to understand their sustainability practices and identify opportunities for improvement.
Available Information
The Company’s website is www.kinetik.com. The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Proxy Statements, Current Reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and other filings with the SEC are available at https://ir.kinetik.com/overview/default.aspx under the heading “Financials”—“SEC Filings”, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. These reports are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition to reports filed or furnished with the SEC, we publicly disclose material information from time to time in press releases, at annual meetings of shareholders, in publicly accessible conferences and investor presentations, and through our website. In addition, the Company’s Code of Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines, charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Governance and Sustainability Committee, and other corporate governance materials are available on the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website. The information contained on the Company’s website as referenced in this report is not, and should not be deemed to be, part of or incorporated by reference into this report. Requests for a copy of any of the above-referenced reports and corporate governance documents may be directed in writing to: Investor Relations, Kinetik Holdings Inc., 2700 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 300 Houston, Texas 77056 or by calling (713) 621-7330.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We operate in rapidly changing economic and technological environments that present numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. The following discussion, as well as our discussion in Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk , highlights some of these risks. The risks described below are not exhaustive and you should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties before investing in our securities.
Business and Operational Risks
The majority of the Company’s operating assets are currently located in the Permian Basin, making it vulnerable to risks associated with operating in a single geographic area.
The majority of the Company’s wholly owned midstream assets are currently located in the Delaware Basin which is part of the broader Permian Basin. As a result of this concentration, the Company will be disproportionatelyexposed to the impact of regional supply and demand factors, delays or interruptions of production from wells in this area caused by governmental regulation, obtaining rights-of-way, market limitations, water shortages or restrictions, drought related conditions, or other weather-related conditions or interruption of the processing or transportation of crude oil, natural gas and water. If any of these factors were to impact the Permian Basin more than other producing regions, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected relative to other midstream companies that have a more geographically diversified asset portfolio.
Because of the natural decline in production from existing wells, the Company’s success depends, in part, on its ability to maintain or increase throughput volumes on its midstream systems, which depends on its customers’ levels of development and completion activity on its dedicated acreage.
The level of crude oil and natural gas volumes handled by the Company’s midstream systems depends on the level of production from crude oil and natural gas wells dedicated to its midstream systems, which may be less than expected and which will naturally decline over time. To maintain or increase throughput levels on its midstream systems, the Company must obtain production from wells completed by customers on acreage dedicated to its midstream systems or execute agreements with other third parties in its areas of operation.
The Company has no control over producers’ levels of development and completion activity in its areas of operation, the amount of reserves associated with wells connected to its systems, or the rate at which production from a well declines. In addition, the Company has no control over producers or their exploration and development decisions, which may be affected by, among other things:
• the availability and cost of capital;
• the prevailing and projected prices of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs; fewer project opportunities or assumption of risk that results in weaker or more volatile financial performance than expected;
• assets that vary in age and were constructed over many decades which may cause our inspection, maintenance or repair costs to increase in the future;
• political and economic conditions and events in foreign oil, natural gas and NGL producing countries, including embargoes, disrupted global supply chains, continued hostilities in the Middle East and other sustained military campaigns, the armed conflict in Ukraine and associated economic sanctions on Russia, and recent events in Venezuela;
• increase in interest rates and rising or sustained inflation;
• levels of crude oil and natural gas reserves;
• contractor or supplier non-performance, weather, geological or other factors;
• Consolidation in the upstream and midstream sector and the resulting changes in the strategic importance customers assign to development in certain acreage or locations in the Delaware Basin as opposed to other areas, which could adversely affect the financial and operational resources devoted to development of their acreage dedicated to the Company;
• increased levels of taxation related to the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs;
• environmental or other governmental regulations, including those related to the prorationing of oil and gas production, the availability of permits, the regulation of hydraulic fracturing, and a governmental determination that multiple facilities are to be treated as a single source for air permitting purposes;
• the costs of producing and ability to produce crude oil, natural gas and NGLs and the availability and costs of drilling rigs, pipeline transportation facilities and other equipment; and
• potential tariffs to be imposed by the Trump Administration and reciprocal tariffs by foreign governments on crude oil, natural gas and NGLs and other imported supplies and equipment.
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Due to these and other factors, even if reserves are known to exist in areas served by the Company’s midstream assets, producers may choose not to develop those reserves. If producers choose not to develop their reserves or they choose to slow their development rate in the Company’s areas of operation, utilization of its midstream systems will be below anticipated levels. Reductions in development activity, coupled with the natural decline in production from its current dedicated acreage, could materially reduce our revenue and affect adversely our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The acquisition or divestiture of businesses and assets is part of our strategy. We may experience difficulties completing acquisitions or divestitures or integrating new businesses and properties, and we may be unable to achieve the benefits we expect from the completed and any future acquisitions or divestitures.
Part of the Company’s business strategy includes acquiring additional businesses and assets and/or divesting certain assets or portions of our business. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to find complementary acquisition targets or complete such acquisitions or achieve the desired results from any acquisitions we complete. Any acquired businesses or assets will be subject to many of the same risks as our existing businesses and may not achieve the levels of performance that we anticipate. We may evaluate potential divestitureopportunities with respect to portions of our business from time to time that support our growth initiatives and may determine to proceed with a divestitureopportunity if and when we believe such opportunity is consistent with our business strategy.
We may not realize the anticipated operating advantages and cost savings associated with any acquisition. Integration of acquired businesses or assets involves a number of risks, including (i) the loss of key customers of the acquired business; (ii) demands on management related to the increase in our size; (iii) the diversion of management’s attention from the management of daily operations; (iv) difficulties in implementing or unanticipated costs of accounting, budgeting, reporting, internal controls and other systems; and (v) difficulties in the retention and assimilation of necessary employees.
Difficulties in integration may be magnified if we make multiple acquisitions over a relatively short period of time. Because of difficulties in combining and expanding operations, we may not be able to achieve the cost savings and other size-related benefits that we hoped to achieve after these acquisitions, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We also may not recognize the anticipated benefits of dispositions or other divestitures we may pursue in the future. If we do not realize the expected strategic, economic or other benefits of any divestiture transaction, it could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The Company owns interests in certain pipeline projects and other joint ventures, and it may in the future enter into additional joint ventures, and the Company’s control of such entities is limited by provisions of the limited partnership and limited liability company agreements of such entities and by the Company’s percentage ownership in such entities.
The Company has ownership interests in several joint ventures, including the PHP and Breviloba joint ventures (together, the “EMI Pipelines”), which were accounted for using the equity interest method, and it may enter into other joint venture arrangements in the future. While the Company owns equity interests and has certain voting rights with respect to its joint ventures and can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the entity, it does not act as operator of or control the joint ventures, each of which is operated by another joint venture partner. It may therefore be difficult or impossible for the Company to cause the joint venture to take actions that the Company believes would be in its or the relevant joint venture’s best interests. Moreover, joint venture arrangements involve various risks and uncertainties, such as committing the Company to fund operating and/or capital expenditures, the timing and amount of which the Company may not control, and which could materially and adversely affect its cash flows.
The Company also may be unable to control the amount of cash it will receive from the operation of these entities, which could further adversely affect its cash flows. Joint venture arrangements may also restrict the Company’s operational and organizational flexibility and its ability to manage risk, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If the third-party pipelines interconnected, or at some future point expected to be interconnected, to the Company’s pipelines become unavailable to transport or store crude oil, NGLs or natural gas, or if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
The Company depends upon third-party downstream pipelines and associated operations to provide delivery options from its processing system. Because the Company does not control these pipelines and associated operations, their continuing operation is not within its control. If any downstream pipeline were to become unavailable for current or future volumes due to
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repairs, damage to the facility, force majeure, lack of capacity, shut in by regulators, failure to meet quality requirements or any other reason, the Company’s ability to operate efficiently and continue shipping crude oil, natural gas and refined products to major demand centers could be restricted, thereby reducing revenue. Any temporary or permanent interruption at these pipelines could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, if our cost of transporting on such third-party pipelines changes, the Company’s revenue and available cash could be adversely affected.
The third parties on whom the Company relies for transportation services from its processing facilities are subject to complex federal, state, and other laws that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The operations of the third parties on whom the Company relies to provide downstream transportation and delivery options from its processing system are subject to complex and stringent laws and regulations that require obtaining and maintaining numerous permits, approvals and certifications from various federal, state and local government authorities. These third parties may incur substantial costs in order to comply with existing laws and regulations. If existing laws and regulations governing such third-party services are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to their operations, these changes may affect the costs that the Company pays for services. Similarly, a failure to comply with such laws and regulations by the third parties could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The Company’s customers may suspend, reduce or terminate their obligations under the Company’s commercial agreements with them in certain circumstances, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company has entered into gas gathering, compression and processing agreements, crude oil gathering agreements, and produced water gathering and disposal agreements with its customers, which include provisions that permit the customer to suspend, reduce or terminate its obligations under each agreement if certain events occur. These events include non-performance by the Company and force majeure events which are out of the Company’s control. The customers have the discretion to make such decisions notwithstanding the fact that they may significantly and adversely affect the Company. Any such reduction, suspension or termination of these customers’ obligations under their commercial agreements could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increased competition from other companies that provide midstream services, or from alternative fuel sources, could have a negative impact on the demand for the Company’s services, which could materially and adversely affect its financial results.
The Company will compete for third-party customers primarily with other crude oil and natural gas gathering and transportation systems and produced water service providers. Some of its competitors may now, or in the future, have access to greater supplies of crude oil, natural gas and produced water than the Company does. Some of these competitors may expand or construct gathering systems or other pipeline transportation facilities that would create additional competition for the services the Company would provide to third party customers. In addition, potential third-party customers may develop their own gathering systems or pipeline transportation facilities instead of using the Company’s systems.
Further, hydrocarbon fuels compete with other forms of energy available to end-users, including renewable electricity and coal. Increased demand for such other forms of energy at the expense of hydrocarbons could lead to a reduction in demand for the Company’s services.
All these competitive pressures could make it more difficult for the Company to attract new customers as it seeks to expand its business, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, competition could intensify the negative impact of factors that decrease demand for crude oil, natural gas and produced water services in the markets served by its systems, such as adverse economic conditions, weather, higher fuel costs and taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that directly or indirectly increase the cost or reduce demand for its services.
The Company’s exposure to commodity price risk may change over time and the Company cannot guarantee the terms of any existing or future agreements for its midstream services with its customers.
The Company currently generates revenues pursuant to a variety of different contractual arrangements, including fee-based agreements based on volumetric fees and percent-of-proceeds arrangements based on a percent of the proceeds from the sale of gathering and processing outputs on behalf of a producer and percent-of-products arrangements in which the Company
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is assigned a portion of the natural gas it gathers and processes as partial compensation. Consequently, the Company’s existing operations and cash flows have limited direct exposure to commodity price risk. However, the Company’s customers are exposed to commodity price risk, and extended reduction in commodity prices could reduce the production volumes available for the Company’s midstream services in the future below expected levels.
The use of derivative financial instruments could result in material financial losses for the Company.
The Company engages in commodity and interest rate hedging activities to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and interest rates by using derivative instruments. H edging activities can result in losses that might be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Such losses could occur under various circumstances, including those situations where a counterparty does not perform its obligations under a hedge arrangement, the hedge is not effective in mitigating the underlying risk, or our risk management policies and procedures are not followed. Adverse economic conditions (e.g., a significant decline in energy commodity prices that negatively impacts the cash flows of oil and gas producers) increase the risk of nonpayment or performance by our hedging counterparties.
The Company’s construction of new midstream assets may not be completed on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, may not operate as designed or at the expected levels, may not result in revenue increases and may be subject to new or additional regulatory, environmental, political, contractual, legal and economic risks, all of which could materially and adversely affect its cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.
The construction of additions or modifications to the Company’s existing systems and the expansion into new production areas to service its customers involve numerous regulatory, environmental, political and legal uncertainties beyond the Company’s control and may require the expenditure of significant amounts of capital, and the Company may not be able to construct in certain locations due to setback requirements or expand certain facilities that are deemed to be part of a single source. Regulations clarifying how crude oil and natural gas production facility emissions must be aggregated under the federal Clean Air Act permitting program were finalized in June 2016. This action clarified certain permitting requirements yet could still impact permitting and compliance costs. As the Company builds infrastructure to meet its customers’ needs, it may not be able to complete such projects on schedule, at the budgeted cost, or at all.
The construction of new energy infrastructure is inherently subject to the risks of cost overruns, including due to inflation or the imposition of tariffs on foreign-made materials and goods (including steel and steel pipes), and delays. If we undertake these projects, we may not be able to complete them on schedule, at the budgeted cost or at all, or they may not operate as designed or at the expected levels. Moreover, the Company’s revenues may not increase immediately (or at all) upon the expenditure of funds on a particular project. For instance, if the Company builds additional gathering assets, the construction may occur over an extended period of time and it may not receive any material increases in revenues until the project is completed or at all. The Company may construct facilities to capture anticipated future production growth from its customers in an area where such growth does not materialize. As a result, new midstream assets may not be able to attract enough throughput to achieve their expected investment return, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The construction of additions to the Company’s existing assets may require it to obtain new rights-of-way, surface use agreements or other real estate agreements prior to constructing new pipelines or facilities. The Company may be unable to timely obtain such rights-of-way to connect new crude oil, natural gas and water sources to its existing infrastructure or capitalize on other attractive expansion opportunities. Additionally, it may become more expensive for the Company to obtain new rights-of-way or to expand or renew existing rights-of-way, leases or other agreements. If the cost of renewing or obtaining new agreements increases, the Company’s cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company’s business involves many hazards and operational risks, some of which may not be fully covered by insurance. The occurrence of a significant accident or other event that is not fully insured could curtail its operations and materially and adversely affect its cash flows.
The Company’s operations are subject to all the hazards inherent in the gathering and transportation of crude oil, natural gas and produced water, including:
• damage to pipelines, compressor stations, centralized gathering facilities, pump stations, storage terminals, related equipment, and surrounding properties caused by design, installation, construction materials or operational flaws, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, acts of third parties or other unforeseen circumstances.
• leaks of crude oil, natural gas or NGLs or losses of crude oil, natural gas or NGLs as a result of the malfunction of, or other disruptions associated with, equipment, facilities or pipelines;
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• fires, ruptures and explosions; and
• other hazards that could also result in personal injury and loss of life, pollution and suspension of operations.
The Company may elect to not obtain insurance, maintain a self-insured retention or increase deductibles for any or all of these risks if it believes that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. In addition, pollution and environmental risks generally are not fully insurable. The occurrence of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
A shortage of equipment and skilled labor could reduce equipment availability and labor productivity and increase labor and equipment costs, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations.
The Company’s gathering and other midstream services require special equipment and laborers who are skilled in multiple disciplines, such as equipment operators, mechanics and engineers, among others. If the Company experiences shortages of necessary equipment or skilled labor in the future, its labor and equipment costs and overall productivity could be materially and adversely affected. If the Company’s equipment or labor prices increase or if the Company experiences materially increased health and benefit costs for employees, its business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Environmental and Regulatory Risks Related to the Company
The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and its business and profitability could be adversely affected by actions by governmental entities, changes to current laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with laws or regulations.
The Company’s business is highly regulated and subject to numerous governmental laws, rules and regulations and requires permits, authorizations and various governmental and agency approvals, in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, that impose various restrictions and obligations that may have material effects on the Company’s business and results of operations. Each of the applicable laws or regulatory requirements and limitations is subject to change, either through new laws or regulations enacted on the federal, state or local level, or by new or modified regulations that may be implemented under existing law. The nature and extent of any changes in these laws, rules, regulations and permits may be unpredictable, have retroactive effects and may have material effects on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Future legislation and regulations or changes in existing legislation and regulations, or interpretations thereof, could cause additional expenditures, liabilities, restrictions and delays in connection with the Company’s current business as well as future projects, the extent of which cannot be predicted and which may require the Company to limit substantially, delay or cease operations in some circumstances.
The Company’s sales of natural gas are subject to market manipulation requirements promulgated by FERC pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EPAct 2005”). The EPAct 2005 amended the NGA and NGPA to give FERC authority to impose civil penalties for violations of these statutes and regulations. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) also holds authority to monitor certain segments of the physical and futures energy commodities market pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has the authority under the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to regulate wholesale petroleum markets. The Company believes, however, that neither the EPAct 2005, nor the regulations promulgated by FERC as a result of the EPAct 2005, nor the regulations promulgated by the CFTC or FTC will affect it in a way that materially differs from the way they affect other sellers of oil, natural gas, or NGLs with which the Company competes.
For a general overview of federal, state and local regulations applicable to the Company’s assets, see the “Regulation” section included within Part I, Items 1 and 2.—Business and Properties of this annual report. This regulatory oversight can affect certain aspects of the Company’s business and the market for its products and could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Our future tax liability may be greater than expected if we are unable to fully utilize our net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards due to existing or additional limitations, we do not generate expected deductions, or tax authorities successfullychallenge certain of our tax positions.
As of December 31, 2025, we have deferred assets related to NOL carryforwards of $139.4 million, which do not expire under current tax laws. We expect to be able to utilize these NOL carryforwards and generate deductions to offset a portion of our future taxable income. This expectation is based upon assumptions we have made regarding, among other things, our income, capital expenditures and net working capital, and our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards within the annual limitations imposed under Section 382 of the IRC of 1986, as amended. While we expect to be able to utilize substantially all of
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our NOL carryforwards and generate deductions to offset a portion of our future taxable income, in the event that deductions are not generated as expected, one or more of our tax positions are successfullychallenged by the Internal Revenue Service (in a tax audit or otherwise), our NOL carryforwards are further limited due to a subsequent ownership change, or we are otherwise unable to fully utilize our NOL carryforwards within the annual limitations currently in effect, our future tax liability may be greater than expected.
Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
We are subject to various complex and evolving U.S. federal, state and local tax laws. U.S. federal, state and local tax laws, policies, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect. Any significant variance in our interpretation of current tax laws or a successfulchallenge of one or more of our tax positions by the Internal Revenue Service or other tax authorities could increase our future tax liabilities and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Rate regulation, challenges by shippers to the rates the Company charges on its pipelines or changes in the jurisdictional characterization of some of the Company’s assets by federal, state or local regulatory agencies or a change in policy by those agencies may result in increased regulation of its assets, which may cause its operating expenses to increase, limit the rates it charges for certain services and decrease the amount of cash flows.
Natural gas and crude oil gathering may receive greater regulatory scrutiny at the federal and state level. Therefore, the Company’s natural gas and crude oil gathering operations could be adversely affected should they become subject to the application of federal or state regulation of rates and services. The Company’s gathering operations could also be subject to safety and operational regulations relating to the design, construction, testing, operation, replacement and maintenance of gathering facilities. Intrastate transportation of NGLs and crude oil may also receive greater regulatory scrutiny at the federal and state level. The Company’s intrastate NGL transportation services are subject to TRRC regulations and must be provided in a manner that is just, reasonable and non-discriminatory. Such operations could be subject to additional regulation if the NGLs and crude oil are transported in interstate or through foreign commerce, whether by the Company’s pipelines or other means of transportation. The Company cannot predict what effect, if any, such changes might have on its operations, but it could be required to incur additional capital expenditures and increased operating costs depending on future legislative and regulatory changes.
The Company’s midstream and intrastate transportation and storage services that are regulated are generally subject to rate regulation and the regulation of the terms and conditions of service. If we do not comply with these regulations, we may be subject to claims for refunds of amounts charged, the modification, cancellation or suspension of a permit or other authorization, civil penalties and other relief. Additional rules and legislation pertaining to these matters are considered or adopted from time to time. The Company cannot predict what effect, if any, such changes might have on its operations, but the industry could be required to incur additional capital expenditures and increased costs depending on future legislative and regulatory changes.
Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to pipeline safety, which are often subject to change, may result in more stringent regulations or enforcement and could subject the Company to increased operational costs, increased capital costs and potential operational delays.
Some of the Company’s pipelines are subject to regulation by the PHMSA pursuant to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (“NGPSA”), with respect to natural gas, and the HLPSA, with respect to crude oil and NGLs. Both the NGPSA and the HLPSA were amended by the Pipeline Safety Act of 1992, the Accountable Pipeline Safety and Partnership Act of 1996, the PSIA, as reauthorized and amended by the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement and Safety Act of 2006, and the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty and Job Creation Act of 2011. The NGPSA and HLPSA regulate safety requirements in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas, crude oil and NGL pipeline facilities, while the PSIA establishes mandatory inspections for all U.S. crude oil, NGL and natural gas transmission pipelines in HCAs.
PHMSA has developed regulations that require pipeline operators to implement integrity management programs, including more frequent inspections and other measures to ensure pipeline safety in HCAs. The regulations require operators, including the Company, to:
• perform ongoing assessments of pipeline integrity;
• identify and characterize applicable threats to pipeline segments that could impact an HCA;
• improve data collection, integration and analysis;
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• repair and remediate pipelines as necessary; and
• implement preventive and mitigating actions.
PHMSA may revise these standards from time-to-time and additional future regulatory action expanding PHMSA’s jurisdiction and imposing stricter integrity management requirements is possible. The adoption of laws or regulations that apply more comprehensive or stringent safety standards could require the Company to install new or modified safety controls, pursue new capital projects or conduct maintenance programs on an accelerated basis, all of which could require the Company to incur increasing operating costs that may be significant. Further, should the Company fail to comply with PHMSA or comparable state regulations, it could be subject to substantial fines and penalties.
Increased regulation of hydraulic fracturing could result in reductions or delays in crude oil and natural gas production by the Company’s customers, which could reduce the throughput on its gathering and other midstream systems, which could adversely impact its revenues.
The Company does not conduct hydraulic fracturing operations, but substantially all the saltwater, crude oil and natural gas production of its customers is developed from unconventional sources that require hydraulic fracturing as part of the completion process. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation process that utilizes large volumes of water and sand combined with fracturing chemical additives that are pumped at high pressure to crack open previously impenetrable rock to release hydrocarbons. There has been increasing public controversy regarding hydraulic fracturing with regard to the use of fracturing fluids, induced seismic activity, impacts on drinking water supplies, use of water and the potential for impacts to surface water, groundwater and the environment generally.
Hydraulic fracturing is typically regulated by state oil and gas commissions and similar agencies. Some states and local governments, including those in which the Company operates, have adopted, and other states are considering adopting regulations that could impose more stringent disclosure or well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations. In addition, several states and local governments have banned or significantly restricted hydraulic fracturing and, over the past several years, federal agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) have sought to assert jurisdiction over the process. While the EPA has previously sought to relax environmental regulation and reduce enforcement efforts, including with respect to energy developed from unconventional sources, environmental groups and states have filed lawsuits challenging the EPA’s recent actions. The Company cannot predict the results of these or future lawsuits, or how such lawsuits will affect the regulation of hydraulic fracturing operations. Certain environmental groups have also suggested that additional laws at the federal, state and local levels of government may be needed to more closely and uniformly regulate the hydraulic fracturing process. The Company cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted and if so, what its provisions will be. Governmental actions such as these could impact the oil and gas industry and the Company’s future potential growth in such areas. Additional levels of regulation and permits required through the adoption of new laws and regulations at the federal, state or local level could lead to delays, increased operating costs and process prohibitions that could reduce the volumes of crude oil and natural gas that move through the Company’s gathering systems and decrease demand for its water services, which in turn could materially and adversely impact its revenues.
In recent history, public concern surrounding increased seismicity has heightened focus on the oil and gas industry’s use of water in operations, which may cause increased costs, regulations or environmental initiatives impacting the use or disposal of water. The adoption of federal, state and local legislation and regulations intended to address induced seismicity in the areas in which the Company operates could restrict drilling and production activities and could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays, that could, in turn, materially and adversely impact the Company's business and results of operations.
Adoption of new or more stringent legal standards relating to induced seismic activity associated with produced-water disposal could affect the Company’s operations.
The Company disposes of produced water generated from oil and natural-gas production operations. The legal requirements related to the disposal of produced water into a non-producing geologic formation by means of underground injection wells are subject to change based on concerns of the public or governmental authorities, including concerns relating to recent seismic events near injection wells used for the disposal of produced water. In response to such concerns, regulators in some states (including Texas, where the Company’s produced water gathering and disposal assets are) have imposed, or are considering imposing, additional requirements in the permitting and operating of produced-water disposal wells or are otherwise investigating the existence of a relationship between seismicity and the use of such wells. These developments could result in additional regulation and restrictions on the Company’s use of injection wells to dispose of produced water, including a possible shut down of wells, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of
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operations. The Company currently operates produced water injection wells injecting into shallow formations in Texas, where the Texas Railroad Commission has addressed seismic activity by establishing Seismic Response Areas, curtailing injected volumes and/or suspending certain permits for disposal wells injecting into deep strata. Furthermore, additional regulations and restrictions on the use of injection wells could indirectly result in reduced gas gathering and processing volumes and / or crude gathering volumes from the Company’s customers, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Company may incur significant liability under, or costs and expenditures to comply with, health, safety and environmental laws and regulations, which are complex and subject to frequent change.
The Company is subject to various stringent and complex federal, state and local laws and regulations governing health and safety aspects of its operations, the discharge of materials into the environment and the protection of the environment and natural resources (including endangered or threatened species). These laws and regulations may impose on the Company’s operations numerous requirements, including the acquisition of permits, approvals and certificates before conducting regulated activities; restrictions on the types, quantities and concentration of materials that may be released into the environment; the application of specific health and safety criteria to protect the public or workers; and the responsibility for cleaning up pollution resulting from operations. Moreover, many of the permits required for the construction and operation of the Company’s assets may be subject to challenge by third parties, resulting in project delays or the imposition of stringent environmental controls as a precondition to issuing such permits. The Company may incur substantial costs to maintain compliance with these existing laws and regulations and the permits and other approvals thereunder. Additionally, the Company’s costs of compliance may increase or operational delays may occur if existing laws and regulations are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations apply to its operations. Numerous governmental authorities, such as the EPA and analogous state agencies, have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued thereunder, oftentimes requiring difficult and costly response actions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of sanctions, including administrative, civil and criminalpenalties; the imposition of investigatory, remedial or corrective action obligations; the incurrence of capital expenditures, the occurrence of delays in the permitting, development or expansion of projects, and enjoining some or all of the Company’s future operations in a particular area. Compliance with more stringent standards and other environmental regulations could prohibit the Company’s ability to obtain permits for operations or require it to install additional equipment, the costs of which could be significant.
The risk of incurring environmental costs and liabilities in connection with the Company’s operations is significant because of its handling of natural gas, crude and other petroleum products, its air emissions and product-related discharges arising out of its operations and as a result of historical industry practices and waste disposal practices. For example, an accidental release from one of the Company’s facilities could subject it to substantial liabilities arising from environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury, natural resources and property damages and fines and penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations.
Changes in environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any changes that result in more stringent or costly requirements could require the Company to make significant expenditures to attain and maintain compliance or may otherwise have a material adverse effect on its operations, competitive position or financial condition.
Public interest in the protection of the environment has increased dramatically in recent years. The trend of more expansive and stringent environmental legislation and regulations applied to the oil and natural gas industry could continue, resulting in increased costs of doing business and, consequently, affecting profitability. Additionally, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas and technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices, could all reduce demand for oil and natural gas and consequently reduce demand for the midstream services the Company provides. The impact of this changing demand could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operations and cash flows.
Legislation, executive orders and regulatory initiatives relating to climate change could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, while potential physical effects of climate change could disrupt the Company’s operations, cause damage to its pipelines and other facilities and cause it to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
The adoption and implementation of any federal, regional or state legislation, executive actions, regulations or other regulatory and policy initiatives that impose more stringent standards for GHG emissions, restrict the areas in which the oil and gas industry may produce crude oil and natural gas or generate GHG emissions, increase scrutiny of environmental permitting or delay such permitting reviews, or require enhanced disclosure of such GHG emission and other climate-related information, could result in reduced demand for crude oil and natural gas, and thus our services, as well as increase our compliance costs.
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Although it is not possible at this time to predict how legislation or new regulations that may be adopted to address GHG emissions and climate change could impact our business, any such future laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, demand for our services, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, it should be noted that there are increasing risks to the Company’s operations resulting from the potential physical impacts of climate change, such as drought, wildfires, damage to infrastructure and resources from flooding, storms and other natural disasters, chronic shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns and other physical disruptions. One or more of these developments could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increased attention to sustainability-related matters and conservation measures may adversely impact the Company’s business.
Increased attention to climate change, societal expectations on companies to address climate change, investor and societal expectations regarding voluntary sustainability disclosures and consumer demand for alternative forms of energy may result in increased costs, reduced demand for the Company’s products, reduced profits, increased investigations and litigation and negative impacts on the Company’s access to capital markets. Increased attention to climate change and environmental conservation, for example, may result in demand shifts for oil and natural gas products and additional governmental investigations and private litigationagainst the Company or its customers. To the extent that societal pressures or political or other factors are involved, it is possible that such liability could be imposed without regard to the Company’s causation of or contribution to the asserted damage, or to other mitigating factors. While the Company may participate in various voluntary frameworks and certification programs to improve the sustainability profile of its operations and services, the Company cannot guarantee that such participation or certification will have the intended results on its sustainability profile.
While the Company may create and publish voluntary disclosures regarding goals, sustainability targets and other sustainability-related matters from time to time, many of the statements will be aspirational, based on hypothetical expectations and assumptions that may or may not be representative of current or actual risks or events or forecasts of expected risks or events, including the costs associated therewith, and there is no guarantee that these goals or targets will be met within anticipated timelines. Such expectations and assumptions are necessarily uncertain and may be prone to error or subject to misinterpretation given the long timelines involved and the lack of an established single, uniformed approach to identifying, measuring, and reporting on many sustainability-related matters. The standards for tracking and reporting on sustainability-related matters are continuously evolving. Our choice of disclosure frameworks, designed to align with various voluntary reporting standards, may change from time to time, potentially resulting in a lack of comparative data from period to period. Furthermore, our interpretation of reporting standards may differ from that of others. In addition, failure or a perception of failure (whether or not valid) to pursue or implement sustainability strategies or achieve (or make progressagainst) sustainability goals or commitments could result in private litigation and damage to our reputation.
In addition, sustainability efforts related to employment practices and social initiatives are the subject of scrutiny by stakeholders, regulators and other third parties, and the complex regulatory and legal frameworks applicable to such initiatives continue to evolve. There is also risk of criticism or litigation from certain “anti-ESG” stakeholders, including various governmental agencies, related to our sustainability and social responsibility initiatives. In light of the sustainability-linked features governing certain of our debt agreements, among other factors, we cannot be certain of the impact of such regulatory, legal and other developments on our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Entities controlled by Blackstone and I Squared Capital are parties to the amended and restated stockholders agreement granting certain director designation rights and owning a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and thus strongly influence all of the Company’s corporate actions.
We and each of Blackstone and I Squared Capital are party to the amended and restated stockholders agreement, dated October 21, 2021 and effective as of February 22, 2022, which entitles each of Blackstone and I Squared Capital to, among other things, certain director designation rights for so long as each holder continues beneficially own at least 10% of our Common Stock.
As long as Blackstone and I Squared Capital and their respective affiliates own or control a significant percentage of the Company’s outstanding voting power, they will have the ability to strongly influence all corporate actions, including stockholder approval of the election of and removal of directors. The interests of Blackstone or I Squared Capital may not align with the interests of the Company’s other stockholders.
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Potential future sales pursuant to registration rights granted by the Company and under Rule 144 may depress the market price for our shares of Class A Common Stock.
The Company has granted a number of its stockholders, including Blackstone, registration rights with respect to their shares of Class A Common Stock, including shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon redemption of Common Units. In addition, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a person who has satisfied a minimum holding period of between six months and one year and any other applicable requirements of Rule 144, may thereafter sell such shares in transactions exempt from registration. A significant number of our currently issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock held by existing stockholders, including officers and directors and other principal stockholders are currently eligible for resale pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 144. The potential future sale of our shares by our existing stockholders, pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 144, may have a depressive effect on the price of our shares of Class A Common Stock in the applicable trading marketplace.
The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases depends on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which it may not be able to accomplish.
The Company’s ability to return capital to stockholders through dividends and stock repurchases principally depends upon the amount of cash it generates from its operations, which will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, income from the EMI Pipelines, which are accounted for using equity method, the volumes of natural gas and NGLs it gathers and processes, commodity prices, and other factors impacting the Company’s financial condition, some of which are beyond its control. In addition, under Delaware law, dividends on the Company’s capital stock may only be paid from “surplus,” which is the amount by which the fair value of the Company’s total assets exceeds the sum of its total liabilities, including contingent liabilities, and the amount of its capital; if there is no surplus, cash dividends on capital stock may only be paid from the Company’s net profits for the then-current and/or the preceding fiscal year.
The Company’s charter designates the Court of Chancery as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by its stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, employees or agents.
The charter provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on the Company’s behalf; any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of the Company’s directors, officers or other employees to it or its stockholders; any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), the charter or the Company’s bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of its directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
The above does not apply for such claims as to which the Court of Chancery determines that it does not have personal jurisdiction over an indispensable party, exclusive jurisdiction is vested in a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery or the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of the Company’s capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of the Company’s charter described in the preceding sentence. This exclusive forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder finds favorable for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against the Company and such persons. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of the Company’s charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company’s charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will be applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, the charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
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If the Company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to report accurately its financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential holders of the Company’s equity could lose confidence in its financial reporting, which would harm its business and cost of capital.
Effective internal controls are necessary for the Company to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud, and operate successfully as a public company. The Company cannot be certain that it will be able to maintain adequate controls over its financial processes and reporting in the future, or that it will be able to continue to comply with its obligations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls or to implement or improve the Company’s internal controls could harm its operating results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in the Company’s reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of its equity interests.
If the performance of the Company does not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of the Company’s securities may decline.
The price of the Company’s securities could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, and such fluctuations could contribute to the loss of all or part of a stockholder’s investment. Fluctuations or changes in the Company’s quarterly financial results, changes in or failure to meet market or financial analysts’ expectations about the Company, changes in laws and regulations, commencement, settlement or judgment involving litigation, changes in the Company’s capital structure and general economic and political conditions could materially and adversely affect a stockholder’s investment in the Company’s securities, and its securities may trade at prices significantly below the price paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of the Company’s securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of the Company’s securities irrespective of the Company’s operating performance. The stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks and of the Company’s securities may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to the Company could depress the Company’s stock price regardless of its business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations.
We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value.
Our stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date and we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares. Further, our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time. However, we do not expect to significantly increase the amount of stock repurchases until our gross debt is reduced below certain thresholds. Although the Company repurchased Class A Common Stock during 2025 and will continue to repurchase Class A Common Stock in accordance with the stock repurchase program, such program may not enhance long-term stockholder value. Furthermore, a 1% non-deductible U.S. federal excise tax (the “Stock Buyback Tax”) will apply to repurchases of stock made under our stock repurchase program. However, the amount of stock repurchases in the relevant taxable year subject to the Stock Buyback Tax is reduced by the fair market value of any stock issued by us during such taxable year, including the fair market value of any stock issued or provided to our employees or specified affiliates.
General Risks
C ontinuing or worsening inflationary issues and associated changes in monetary policy have resulted in and may result in additional increases to the cost of the Company’s services and personnel, which in turn cause the Company’s capital expenditures and operating costs to rise.
Although inflation has moderated in 2025, with an annual average consumer price index (“CPI”) of 2.6% compared to that of 2.9% in 2024, the FOMC is attentive to its dual mandate and seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2.0% over the longer run. Moderated inflation has led to multiple interest rate cuts by the U.S. Federal Reserve starting in October 2025; however, the FOMC decided to hold interest rates steady at 3.50% - 3.75% during its January 2026 FOMC meeting and gave little indication of what will come next for interest rates. Inflation pressure has resulted in and may result in additional increases to the costs of the Company’s services and personnel, which in turn cause the Company’s capital expenditures and operating costs to rise and impact the Company’s financial and operating results adversely.
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Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments.
Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by uncertainty and changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or other governments. For example, effective on June 4, 2025, the U.S. government imposed a 50% tariff on steel and aluminum imports except on imports from the U.K. Several tariff announcements have been followed by announcements of limited exemptions and temporary pauses. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court struck down the bulk of President Trump's sweeping tariffs, ruling that the administration overstepped its authority by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose them. Hours after the ruling, President Trump signed an executive order for a new 10% global import duty using Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. These actions have caused substantial uncertainty and volatility in financial markets and may result in retaliatory measures on U.S. goods. Retaliatory measures might affect export of oil and gas products and have an adverse impact on domestic production and prices, which might affect our results of operations adversely.
Our business requires access to steel and other materials to construct and maintain our pipelines and other midstream assets. Imposition of, or increase in, tariffs on imports of steel or other materials, as well as corresponding price increases for such materials available domestically, could increase our construction costs and our costs to maintain our assets. To the extent that we are unable to pass all or any such cost increases on to our customers, such cost increases could adversely affect our returns on investment. Higher material costs could also diminish our ability to develop new projects at acceptable returns, particularly during times of economic uncertainty, and limit our ability to pursue growth opportunities.
Tariffs or other trade restrictions may lead to continuing uncertainty and volatility in U.S. and global financial and economic conditions and commodity markets, declining consumer confidence, significant inflation and diminished expectations for the economy, and ultimately reduced demand for our and our customers’ products and services. Such conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. Also, disruptions and volatility in the financial markets may lead to adverse changes in the availability, terms and cost of capital. Changes in tariffs and trade restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice. The adoption and expansion of tariffs or other trade restrictions, increasing trade tensions, or other changes in governmental policies related to taxes, tariffs, trade agreements or policies, are difficult to predict, which makes attendant risks difficult to anticipate and mitigate. If we are unable to navigate further changes in U.S. or international trade policy, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
The Company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control.
Kinetik operates in both urban areas and remote areas. The Company’s operations are therefore subject to disruption from natural or human causes beyond its control, including risks from hurricanes, severe storms, floods, heat waves, other forms of severe weather, wildfires, sea level rise, ambient temperature increases, war or other military conflicts such as the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel and the Gaza Strip, recent events in Venezuela, accidents, civil unrest, global political events, fires, earthquakes, and epidemic or pandemic diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic, some of which may be impacted by climate change and any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the natural environment.
Crude oil and natural gas related facilities could be direct targets of terrorist attacks, and the Company’s operations could be adversely impacted if infrastructure integral to its operations is destroyed or damaged. Additionally, destructive forms of protest or opposition by activists, including acts of sabotage or eco-terrorism could cause significant damage or injury to people, property, or the environment or lead to extended interruptions of our operations. Costs for insurance and other security may increase as a result of these threats, and some insurance coverage may become more difficult to obtain, if available at all. Furthermore, any regional or domestic political turmoil and the related potential impact on the U.S. stability remain factors that contribute to an environment of economic and political uncertainty that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability. The Company’s risk management systems are designed to assess potential physical and other risks to its operations and assets and to plan for their resiliency. While capital investment reviews and decisions incorporate potential ranges of physical risks such as winter storm severity and frequency, air and water temperature, precipitation, among other factors, it is difficult to predict with certainty the timing, frequency or severity of such events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations or financial condition.
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Cybersecurity breaches of our IT systems could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
The oil and gas industry has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct day-to-day operations including certain midstream activities. For example, software programs are used to manage gathering and transportation systems and for compliance reporting. The use of mobile communication devices has increased rapidly. Industrial control systems such as SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) now control large scale processes that can include multiple sites and long distances, such as crude oil and natural gas pipelines.
The Company depends on digital technology, including information systems and related infrastructure as well as cloud applications and services, to process and record financial and operating data and to communicate with its employees and business service providers. The Company’s business service providers, including vendors and financial institutions, are also dependent on digital technology. The technologies needed to conduct midstream activities make certain information the target of theft or misappropriation.
In addition, the Company has begun to incorporate certain algorithmic technologies into its business activities. As with many technological innovations, the use presents risks and challenges associated with developing, deploying and governing such technologies that could adversely impact the Company’s business. The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding certain advanced technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence “AI” is rapidly evolving and uncertain, and may expose the Company to additional compliance costs, cybersecurity risks, and lawsuits. The Company is evaluating solutions to assist its employees in business activities and developing appropriate controls and parameters, but certain third parties may incorporate AI tools into their services and deliverables without the Company’s knowledge or control. Any of the foregoing may result in harm to the Company’s business, financial condition or reputation.
The Company’s technologies, systems, networks, and those of its business partners may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of its business operations. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance, may remain undetected for an extended period. A cyber incident involving the Company’s information systems and related infrastructure, or that of its business service providers, could disrupt its business plans and negatively impact its operations.
The Company’s implementation of various controls and processes, including globally incorporating a risk-based cyber security framework, to monitor and mitigate security threats and to increase security for its information, facilities and infrastructure is costly and labor intensive. Moreover, there can be no assurance that such measures will be sufficient to prevent security breaches from occurring. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Any such breakdowns or breaches, or resulting access, disclosure or other loss of information, could significantly disrupt the Company’s business and result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information and damage to its reputation, any of which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See additional information related to cybersecurity risks and how the Company manages such risk in Part I—Item 1C. Cybersecurity of this Annual Report .
Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and financial or operational performance in any given period.
In preparing the Company’s periodic reports under the Exchange Act, including its financial statements, Kinetik’s management is required under applicable rules and regulations to make estimates and assumptions as of a specified date. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and experience as of that date and are subject to substantial risk and uncertainty. Materially different results may occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. Areas requiring significant estimates and assumptions by management include revenue recognition, impairments to property, plant and equipment, accruals for estimated liabilities, including litigation reserves. Changes in estimates or assumptions or the information underlying the assumptions, such as changes in the Company’s business plans, general market conditions, litigation settlement or outcomes or changes in the Company’s outlook on commodity prices, could materially affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities or expenses.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Description of Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Cybersecurity Risks
As a Company that manages midstream infrastructure for the energy sector, cybersecurity is of greatconcern to our organization, and we aim to protect our systems, networks and programs from digital attacks. We have endeavored to implement policies, standards, and technical controls based on external cybersecurity standards, such as National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) framework and ISO standards. Like others in our industry, we are reliant on the continuous and uninterrupted operation of our various technology systems. User access to our sites and information technology systems are important elements of our operations, as is protection against cybersecurity incidents. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store data in our data centers and on our networks, including proprietary business information, critical operating information, among other types of sensitive information. In addition, the information and operational technology infrastructure we use is important to the operation of our business and to our ability to perform day-to-day operations. We use various processes and tools, including third-party cybersecurity tools and technologies, to aid us in seeking to secure and protect our network perimeter and internal systems from unauthorized access, intrusion, or disruption, including those processes described below.
Cybersecurity is integrated into our risk management framework and the Company has established IT policies supported by underlying processes to execute and meet the Company’s risk management objectives.
Risk Assessment:
We conduct assessments across our systems, networks, and data infrastructure to identify, assess and manage potential and material cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. These assessments include penetration testing, vulnerability scans, cybersecurity audits, incident response planning, vendor risk assessments, and regulatory compliance assessments. Feedback from these assessments is incorporated into our systems and procedures through upgrades intended to further improve our cybersecurity posture.
Incident Identification and Response:
The Company has established a cybersecurity incident management policy to facilitate the Company’s management of cybersecurity incidents. Monitoring and detection systems have been implemented to help identify and remediate cybersecurity threats. All potential security events and/or confirmed security incidents, as appropriate, are reported and logged into the Company’s authorized incident management systems. The Company’s incident response team (“IRT”), along with the third-party security system providers, aims to review, analyze, categorize and take action on reported security events. We also have an Incident Response Plan that is designed to be triggered if a security event is identified as a security incident. Consideration shall also be given to individually immaterial incidents that occur as part of a series of related unauthorized occurrences and are material when considered in the aggregate .
Furthermore, the Company has established processes for communicating an incident that is determined material, based on the Company’s materiality assessment, to the Audit Committee. This process is designed to help implement a containment strategy and to comply with applicable regulations. The Company’s Incident Response Plan focuses on the following goals: reduction of damage due to a security incident; identifying potential opportunities for eradication; identifying potential recovery strategies; establishing lesson learned analyses; and identifying mitigation strategies designed to decrease the likelihood of security incident reoccurrence.
Cybersecurity Training and Awareness:
At Kinetik, we believe that the recognition and reporting of cybersecurity threats by every employee and contractor plays a key role in protecting and securing our network. We conduct mandatory annual training for our employees and contractors on security awareness, using a library of cybersecurity training modules. We also deploy quarterly simulated phishing emails to all system users in an effort to gauge their cybersecurity awareness.
Access Controls:
Users are provided with access consistent with the principle of least privilege, which requires that users be given no more access than necessary to complete their job functions. To keep our network secure, we have multifactor authentication (MFA)
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for all users, a password change policy, separation of duties in accounting systems, controlled access to network drives, endpoint protection, email security, mobile device management, device encryption, and ongoing active monitoring of threats. We have implemented devices designed to control third-party access to our plant systems and also provide 24/7 monitoring of our infrastructure.
As part of our strategy, we continue to work with industry leading vendors to conduct our internal network, cloud environment, and external pen testing, all of which are critical as we work to protect our hybrid environment. We recognize that third-party service providers may introduce cybersecurity risks. In an effort to mitigate these risks, we have established a third-party risk management policy that requires third-party service providers to maintain security requirements and levels of services as part of their service delivery. Before engaging with any third-party service provider, we aim to conduct due diligence to evaluate their cybersecurity capabilities. Additionally, we endeavor to include cybersecurity requirements in our contracts with these providers and endeavor to require them to adhere to specific security standards and protocols.
The Board’s Oversight and Management’s Role
Our Board has delegated the responsibility for overseeing cybersecurity risk to our Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee oversees management’s assessment and management of cybersecurity risk. Our Senior IT Director, who reports to our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative and Accounting Officer, leads the Information Technology team, is a member of our management-level Cybersecurity Governance Committee and management-level Cybersecurity Risk Committee and manages our information technology and cybersecurity function.
Through the Company’s ERM program, our Cybersecurity Governance Committee and Cybersecurity Risk Committee oversee the Company’s cybersecurity initiatives. The Cybersecurity Governance Committee is responsible for monitoring, reviewing and reporting to the Audit Committee on cyber incident response. The Cybersecurity Risk Committee is responsible for communication of security incidents to organizational stakeholders.
As part of our efforts to facilitate effective oversight, the Cybersecurity Governance Committee and the Cybersecurity Risk Committee hold discussions on cybersecurity risks, incident trends, and the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures at least quarterly and more frequently as necessitated by emerging material cyber risks or incidents.
Further, to communicate our system health, performance, metrics, and roadmap, the Information Technology team delivers a quarterly update to the Audit Committee, as well as the Cybersecurity Governance Committee and Cybersecurity Risk Committee, to discuss cybersecurity matters such as the effectiveness of our cybersecurity strategy and ensuring alignment with our business objectives. A Cybersecurity Dashboard is used to share metrics and matters needing Board attention in Audit Committee meetings. The Cybersecurity Dashboard also includes commentaries on risk exposure and materiality, if any, as they relate to cybersecurity.
Our Senior IT Director brings more than 16 years of specialized experience in the oil and gas industry, with deep expertise in infrastructure and cybersecurity. He has over eight years of proven IT leadership, where he has successfully spearheaded major digital transformation programs, accelerated cloud adoption strategies, elevated cybersecurity maturity, and managed complex, large-scale system implementations and integrations. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Computer Information Systems from the University of Houston.
Our dedicated IT team is responsible for ensuring compliance with relevant cybersecurity standards, establishing robust protocols, and safeguarding the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the organization's IT infrastructure. Collectively, the team possesses over 40 years of IT experience, including more than 20 years focused specifically on cybersecurity. The IT team is also responsible for ensuring the entire Kinetik workforce receives annual training to stay on top of cybersecurity risks facing our industry today.
Disclosures
As of the date of this report, though the Company and our service providers have experienced certain cybersecurity incidents, we are not aware of any cybersecurity threats, including those resulting from any previous cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, we acknowledge that cybersecurity threats are continually evolving, and the possibility of future cybersecurity incidents remain. Despite the implementation of our cybersecurity processes, our security measures cannot guarantee that a significant cyberattack will not occur. See “Risk Factors” in Part I—Item 1A of this Annual Report for additional information about the risks to our business associated with a breach or other compromise to our information and operational technology systems.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For further information regarding legal proceedings, see Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The Company’s Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “KNTK”.
On February 20, 2026, the Class A Common Stock had a closing price of $45.56.
Holders
On February 20, 2026, there were 138 holders of record of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and eight holders of record of the Company’s Class C Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class C Common Stock”).
Dividends
Holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock are entitled to receive cash dividends when declared by the Company’s Board out of legally available funds. The Board intends to continue the policy of paying quarterly cash dividends; however, future dividend payments will depend upon our level of earnings, capital expenditure requirements, debt obligations, financial condition and other relevant factors.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases made by the Company of its Class A Common Stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions under the $500.0 million Repurchase Program during the fourth quarter of 2025:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price per Share (2)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan (1)
Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans (in thousands) (1)
October 1 to October 31, 2025
November 1 to November 30, 2025
December 1 to December 31, 2025
(1) In February 2023, our Board approved the Stock Repurchase Program (“Repurchase Program”) for the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of our outstanding Class A Common Stock. In May 2025, our Board approved a $400.0 million increase to the previously announced Repurchase Program, pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase the Company’s Class A Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $500.0 million. Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time, in accordance with applicable securities laws, on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and may be made pursuant to a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act.
(2) Average price paid per share includes commission to repurchase shares.
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Performance Graph
The graph and table below compares the Company’s cumulative return to holders of its Common Stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, the NYSE Composite Index and the Alerian U.S. Midstream Energy Index during the period beginning on December 31, 2020 and ending on December 31, 2025. The NASDAQ Composite Index was included here as the Company’s Class A Common Stock was traded on NASDAQ prior to switching to NYSE in October 2022. In accordance with SEC rules, the performance graph presents both the indices used in the previous year and the newly selected index. The performance graph was prepared based on the following assumptions: (i) $100 was invested in our Class A Common Stock and in each of the indices at the beginning of the period, and (ii) dividends were reinvested on the relevant payment dates. The stock price performance included in this graph is historical and not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
COMPARISON CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN (1)(2)
Among Kinetik Holdings Inc., the NYSE Composite Index, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Alerian US Midstream Energy Index
(1) The performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act except to the extent that we specifically request it be treated as soliciting material or specifically incorporate it by reference.
(2) $100 invested on 12/31/2020 in index, including reinvestment of dividends.
December 31,
Kinetik Holdings Inc
NYSE Composite Index
NASDAQ Composite Index
Alerian US Midstream Energy Index
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report, and the risk factors and related information set forth in Part I, Item 1A and Part II, Item 7A of this Annual Report. This section of this Annual Report generally discusses 2025 and 2024 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. Discussions of 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are omitted in this Annual Report are incorporated by reference to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 , filed on March 3, 2025.
Unless otherwise noted or the context requires otherwise, references herein to Kinetik Holdings Inc., “the Company”, “us”, “our”, “we” or similar terms, with respect to time periods prior to February 22, 2022, include BCP and its consolidated subsidiaries and do not include ALTM and its consolidated subsidiaries, while references herein to Kinetik Holdings Inc.,“the Company”, “us”, “our”, “we” or similar terms, with respect to time periods from and after February 22, 2022, include ALTM and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are an integrated midstream energy company in the Permian Basin providing comprehensive gathering, transportation, compression, processing and treating services. Our core capabilities include a variety of service offerings including natural gas gathering, transportation, compression, treating and processing; NGLs stabilization and transportation; produced water gathering and disposal; and crude oil gathering, stabilization, storage and transportation. Our operations are strategically located in the heart of the Delaware Basin.
Our Operations and Segments
We have two reportable segments with revenue streams from various products and services. The Midstream Logistics segment operates under three revenue streams, 1) gas gathering and processing, 2) crude oil gathering, stabilization and storage services and 3) produced water gathering and disposal. The Pipeline Transportation segment consists of two EMI Pipelines originating in the Permian Basin with various access points to the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets, as well as Kinetik NGL and Delaware Link Pipelines. The pipelines transport natural gas and NGLs within the Permian Basin and to the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Midstream Logistics
Gas Gathering and Processing. The Midstream Logistics segment provides gas gathering and processing services with over 4,200 miles of low and high-pressure steel pipeline located throughout the Delaware Basin, and over 825,000 horsepower of compression capacity. Gas processing assets are centralized at eight processing complexes with total cryogenic processing capacity of over 2.4 Bcf/d. In addition, the Midstream Logistics segment provides system-wide amine treating and 6.5 MMcf/d of acid gas injection capacity.
Crude Oil Gathering, Stabilization and Storage Services. Crude gathering assets are centralized at the Caprock Stampede Terminal and the Pinnacle Sierra Grande Terminal. The system includes approximately 280 miles of gathering pipeline and 90,000 barrels of crude storage. The crude facilities have connections for takeaway transportation into certain facilities operated by Plains All American Pipeline, L.P.
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Water Gathering and Disposal. The system includes approximately 370 miles of gathering pipeline and approximately 580,000 barrels per day of permitted disposal capacity.
Pipeline Transportation
EMI Pipelines. The Company owns the following equity interests in two EMI Pipelines in the Permian Basin with access to various points along the U.S. Gulf Coast and Mexico markets: 1) an approximate 55.5% equity interest in PHP, which is also owned and operated by Kinder Morgan; and 2) 33.0% equity interest in Shin Oak, which is owned by Breviloba, LLC, and operated by Enterprise Products Operating LLC.
Kinetik NGL Pipeline System. The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System consists of approximately 96 miles of NGL pipelines connecting our East Toyah and Pecos complexes to Waha, including our 20-inch Dewpoint pipeline that spans over 40 miles, and our 28 mile, 20-inch Brandywine Pipeline connecting to our Diamond Cryogenic complex. The Kinetik NGL Pipeline System has a capacity of approximately 580 MBbl/d.
Delaware Link Pipeline. The Delaware Link Pipeline consists of approximately 40 miles of 30-inch diameter pipeline with an initial capacity of approximately 1.0 Bcf/d that provides additional transportation capacity to Waha.
ECCC Pipeline. The ECCC Pipeline is under construction, which provides connection from Eddy County, New Mexico to Culberson County, Texas, and approximately 150 MMcfp/d of initial rich gas throughput capacity. The ECCC Pipeline is estimated to be in-service during the second quarter of 2026.
Recent Developments
Barilla Draw Acquisition
On January 14, 2025, the Company completed the previously announced bolt-on acquisition with Permian Resources Corporation, who directly owned all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Permian Gathering and Barilla Draw, to acquire all issued and outstanding membership interests of Permian Gathering and Barilla Draw (the “Barilla Draw Acquisition”) for $175.5 million of cash consideration. The Barilla Draw Acquisition provides a multi-stream opportunity for natural gas gathering, compression and processing, as well as crude gathering services for the Company. Refer to Note 3—Business Combinations in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for more information.
Kings Landing Processing Complex
The Company achieved full commercial in-service at Kings Landing in late September 2025. This new processing complex in Eddy County, New Mexico adds over 200 MMcf/d of gas processing capacity. In addition, the Company reached final investment decision in the third quarter 2025 to its Acid Gas Injection (“AGI”) project at Kings Landing. The project will enable the Company to handle elevated levels of H₂S and CO₂ across all three Delaware North processing complexes. The project is expected to be in-service by year end 2026.
EPIC Sale
On October 31, 2025, the Company consummated the EPIC Sale and received $504.2 million of upfront cash consideration in exchange for its entire 27.5% interest in EPIC. The Company recognized a net gain of $415.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 in relation to this transaction. In addition, the Company can receive approximately $96.0 million attributable to an earnout, payable upon the approval by the board of directors of the general partner of EPIC of one or more capital projects that achieve certain capacity expansion criteria.
Financing Activities
On March 14, 2025, the Company completed an additional private placement of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “New 2028 Notes”) at 101.25% of par. The New 2028 Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture dated as of December 6, 2023, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Indenture”), pursuant to which the Partnership has previously issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Existing Notes” and together with the New 2028 Notes, the “2028 Notes”).
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On April 1, 2025, the Partnership entered into an amendment to its accounts receivable securitization facility dated April 2, 2024 (as amended, the “Amended A/R Facility”) to, among other things, increase the facility limit to $250.0 million and extend the scheduled termination date to March 31, 2026. The Partnership expects to renew the facility upon its termination.
On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into a term loan credit agreement, which provides a $1.15 billion senior unsecured credit facility maturing on May 30, 2028 (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”).
On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into a revolving credit agreement that provides a $1.60 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, and a $300.0 million sublimit for swingline loans (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”). All borrowing under this revolving credit facility will mature on May 30, 2030, unless such maturity date is adjusted in accordance with the Revolving Credit Agreement.
On May 30, 2025, in connection with entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement, the Company repaid all outstanding borrowings under and extinguished (1) the 2022 term loan credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Term Loan Credit Agreement”) and (2) the 2022 revolving credit agreement, dated June 8, 2022 (the “2022 Revolving Credit Agreement”). The Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $0.6 million for the extinguishment of these existing credit facilities.
Factors Affecting Our Business
Commodity Price Volatility
There has been, and we believe there will continue to be, volatility in commodity prices and in the relationships among NGLs, crude oil and natural gas prices. As a result of uncertainty around global commodity supply and demand, global geopolitical conflicts, foreign and domestic trade policies implemented by the Trump Administration and responses thereto, and recent action by OPEC+, global oil and natural gas commodity prices continue to remain volatile. The volatility and uncertainty of natural gas, crude oil and NGL prices impact drilling, completion and other investment decisions by producers and ultimately supply to our systems. In addition, the instability of the international political environment and human and economic hardship resulting from the armed conflicts would have a highly uncertain impact on the U.S. economy, which in turn, might affect our business and operations adversely. Moreover, the impact of tariffs imposed by the Trump Administration and foreign governments is highly uncertain. Our product sales revenue is exposed to commodity price fluctuations. Therefore, commodity price decline and sustained periods of low natural gas, NGL, and condensate prices could have an adverse effect on our product revenue stream. The Company continues to monitor commodity prices closely and may enter into commodity price hedges to mitigate the volatility risk. In addition, the Company, when economically appropriate, enters into fee-based and NGL arbitrage arrangements that insulate the Company from commodity price volatility.
In addition, our business requires access to steel and other materials to construct and maintain our pipelines and other midstream assets. Imposition of, or increase in, tariffs on imports of steel or other materials, as well as corresponding price increases for such materials available domestically, could increase our construction costs and our costs to maintain our assets. The Company continues to monitor costs of materials used for capital expenditure and considers budget-to-actual and forecast-to-actual variances on a monthly basis to mitigate volatility risk. See Part I , Item 1A . Risk Factors for additional discussion.
Inflation and Interest Rates
The annual rate of inflation in the United States was 2.4% in January 2026 as measured by the Consumer Price Index. In light of the recent economic activity and labor market conditions, the FOMC decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate to 3.50% - 3.75 % during its meeting in January 2026. During the meeting, the FOMC noted that the economic activity has been expanding at a solid pace; job gains have remained low and the unemployment rate has shown some signs of stabilization, and inflation has remained somewhat elevated. The FOMC also noted that it remains attentive to the risks to both sides of its dual mandate and seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2.00%. The Company will continue to monitor the FOMC’s monetary policy and interest rate movement. Refer to Note 13—Derivatives and Hedging Activities in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for additional discussion regarding our hedging strategies and objectives for interest rate risk.
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Results of Operations
The following table presents the Company’s results of operations for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
% Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
Operating revenues:
Service revenue
Product revenue
Other revenue
Total operating revenues
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) (1)
Operating expenses
Ad valorem taxes
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Loss on disposal of assets, net
Total operating costs and expenses
Operating income
Other income (expense):
Interest and other income
Loss on debt extinguishment
Gain on sale of equity method investment
Interest expense
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates
Total other income, net
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income including noncontrolling interest
(1) Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) is net of gas service revenues totaling $315.6 million and $219.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for certain volumes where we act as principal.
NM - Not meaningful
Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenues
For the year ended December 31, 2025, revenue increased by $0.28 billion, or 19%, to $1.76 billion, compared to $1.48 billion for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher period-over-period product revenue due to increased NGL and condensate volumes sold and increased natural gas residue prices.
Service revenue
Service revenue consists of service fees paid to the Company by its customers for providing comprehensive gathering, treating, processing and water disposal services necessary to bring natural gas, NGLs and crude oil to market. Service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, increased by $37.5 million, or 9%, to $445.5 million, compared to $408.0 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher period-over-period gas gathering fees of $29.0 million, and higher period-over-period crude gathering fees of $8.7 million, which was driven by a period-over-period increase in gathered crude volumes of 21.3 million Bbls per day, or 55%. Period-over-period total gathered and processed gas volumes increased by 325.8 MMcf per day, or 17% and 172.6 MMcf per day, or 11%, respectively. Of the increase, Durango’s operations accounted for 146.9 MMcf per day and 142.5 MMcf per day of gathered and processed gas volumes, respectively. Over 97% of service revenues are included in the Midstream Logistics segment.
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Product revenue
Product revenue consists of commodity sales (including condensate, natural gas residue and NGLs). Product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, increased by $0.24 billion, or 23%, to $1.31 billion, compared to $1.06 billion for the same period in 2024, primarily due to a period-over-period increase in NGL and condensate volumes sold of 17.0 million barrels, or 41%, and a period-over-period increase in natural gas prices of $0.43 per MMBtu, or 33%, partially offset by a decrease in natural gas residue sales volumes of 9.8 million MMBtu, or 16%, and decreases in NGL and condensate prices of $2.87 per barrel, or 13% and $11.86 per barrel, or 16%, respectively. Product revenues are included entirely in the Midstream Logistics segment.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Costs of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses)
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) primarily consists of purchases of NGLs and natural gas from our producers at contracted market prices to support product sales to other third parties. For the year ended December 31, 2025, cost of sales increased by $165.3 million, or 27%, to $785.9 million, compared to $620.6 million for the same period in 2024. As discussed above, the increase was primarily driven by period-over-period increases in NGL and condensate volumes sold and natural gas prices, slightly offset by decreases in natural gas sales volumes and NGL and condensate prices. More than 99% of the cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) are included in the Midstream Logistics segment.
Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased by $75.4 million, or 38%, to $271.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $196.0 million for the same period in 2024. Of the total increase, $29.9 million was driven by Durango’s full 12 months of operations, and $23.7 million was driven by Barilla Draw operations acquired in January 2025. The remaining increase was primarily driven by increases in utility costs totaling $20.5 million. Over 99% of operating expenses are included in the Midstream Logistics segment.
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $58.4 million, or 18% to $382.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $324.2 million for the same period in 2024. Of the total increase, $32.8 million was driven by the Durango Acquisition that was completed during late June 2024, and $9.9 million was driven by assets placed into service from Barilla Draw operations acquired in January 2025. The remaining increase was driven by other assets placed in service during 2025.
Other Income (Expense)
Gain on sale of equity method investment
Gain on sale of equity method investment increased by $325.6 million, or over 300% to $415.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $89.8 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was related to the higher gain realized on the EPIC Sale consummated in the fourth quarter of 2025, compared to the gain realized on the GCX sale during the second quarter of 2024.
Interest expense
Interest expense increased by $16.1 million, or 7%, to $233.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $217.2 million for the same period in 2024. The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by a decrease in net realized and unrealized gains on interest rate swaps totaling $12.3 million and an increase in interest expenses of $10.0 million due to higher outstanding debt balances. The increase was partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest of $6.2 million, mainly related to the Kings Landing Project. Refer to Note—12 Derivatives and Hedging Activities in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements regarding the Company’s strategy in managing interest rate risk.
Income Taxes Expense
Income tax expense increased by $27.7 million, or 120% to $50.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $23.0 million for the sa me period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increase in income before income taxes of $309.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024.
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Key Performance Metrics
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income including noncontrolling interest adjusted for interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain or loss on disposal of assets and debt extinguishment, the proportionate EBITDA from our EMI Pipelines, equity income and gain from sale of investments recorded using the equity method, share-based compensation expense, noncash increases and decreases related to commodity hedging activities, fair value adjustments to contingent liabilities, integration and transaction costs, litigation costs and extraordinary losses and unusual or non-recurring charges. Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for comparison of our business operations between current, past and future periods by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance.
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides a meaningful understanding of certain aspects of earnings before the impact of investing and financing charges and income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating our performance because this measure:
• Is widely used by analysts, investors and competitors to measure a company’s operating performance;
• Is a financial measurement that is used by rating agencies, lenders, and other parties to evaluate our creditworthiness; and
• Is used by our management for various purposes, including as a measure of performance and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting.
Adjusted EBITDA is not defined in GAAP
The GAAP measure used by the Company that is most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA is net income including noncontrolling interests. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to the GAAP measure of net income including noncontrolling interest or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool because it excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income including noncontrolling interest. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP. The Company’s definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies in the industry, thereby diminishing its utility.
Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measure
Company management compensates for the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA as an analytical tool by reviewing the comparable GAAP measure, understanding the differences between Adjusted EBITDA as compared to net income including noncontrolling interest, and incorporating this knowledge into its decision-making processes. Management believes that investors benefit from having access to the same financial measure that the Company uses in evaluating operating results.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of net income including noncontrolling interest to the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA.
For The Year Ended December 31,
% Change
(In thousands, except percentage)
Reconciliation of net income including noncontrolling interest to Adjusted EBITDA
Net income including noncontrolling interest
Add back:
Interest expense
Income tax expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Amortization of contract costs
Proportionate EMI EBITDA
Share-based compensation
Loss on disposal of assets, net
Loss on debt extinguishment
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives
Contingent liabilities fair value adjustment
Integration costs
Acquisition transaction costs
Litigation costs
Other one-time cost and amortization
Deduct:
Other interest income
Gain on sale of equity method investment
Equity income from unconsolidated affiliates
Adjusted EBITDA
NM - Not meaningful
Adjusted EBITDA increased by $16.6 million, or 2% to $987.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $971.1 million for the same period in 2024. As discussed in the Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations to this Annual Report, $281.5 million of the increase was due to increased total operating revenues, partially offset by increased cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) of $165.3 million and an increase in operating expenses, ad valorem taxes and general and administrative expenses totaling $76.0 million. The increase was also offset by (i) lower proportionate EMI EBITDA of $7.2 million primarily due to the sale of the Company’s equity interests in GCX in June 2024 and EPIC in October 2025; (ii) a decrease in non-cash or unusual or one time items totaling $18.0 million, which was mainly driven by a decrease in share-based compensation of $13.9 million primarily due to a decrease of RSUs granted during 2025 and vesting of Class A shares and RSUs in the first quarter 2025, and a decrease in unrealized gain/loss in commodity hedging activities of $29.7 million, partially offset by an increase in integration, transaction, litigation costs and other one-time costs or amortization costs of $20.5 million, primarily related to the Durango and Barilla Draw acquisitions, and higher fair value adjustments to the contingent liability related to the Kings Landing Earnout of $5.0 million.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as segment net income or loss including noncontrolling interest adjusted for interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain or loss on disposal of assets and debt extinguishment, the proportionate EBITDA from our EMI Pipelines, equity income and gain from sale of investments recorded using the equity method, share-based compensation expense, noncash increases and decreases related to commodity hedging activities, integration and transaction costs and extraordinary losses and unusual or non-recurring charges. The following table presents Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Also refer to Note 19—Segments in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for reconciliation of segment adjusted EBITDA to Income before income taxes.
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For The Year Ended December 31,
% Change
(In thousands, except percentage)
Midstream Logistics
Pipeline Transportation
Corporate and Other (1)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA
(1) Corporate and Other represents those results that: (i) are not specifically attributable to a reportable segment; (ii) are not individually reportable; or (iii) have not been allocated to a reportable segment for the purpose of evaluating their performance, including certain general and administrative expense items.
Midstream Logistics segment adjusted EBITDA increased by $21.0 million, or 3%, to $635.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $614.9 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increased total operating revenue of $281.3 million, or 19%, partially offset by increases in cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses) of $165.0 million, or 27%, and operating expense and ad valorem taxes of $79.8 million or 37%. The reasons for the fluctuations are discussed in the Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations to this Annual Report. The increase was also driven by an increase in non-cash or unusual or one time items related to integration costs of $11.1 million related to the Durango and Barilla Draw Acquisitions and a $5.0 million higher fair value adjustment related to the contingent liability for the Kings Landing Earnout, partially offset by a decrease in unrealized gain/loss in commodity hedging activities of $29.7 million.
Pipeline Transportation segment adjusted EBITDA decreased by $7.4 million, or 2%, to $370.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $377.6 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of proportionate EMI EBITDA of $7.2 million, or 2%, due to the sales of equity interests in GCX in June 2024 and EPIC in October 2025.
Contractual Obligations
We have contractual obligations for principal and interest payments on our 2028 Notes, 2030 Notes, and under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Agreement and the Amended A/R Facility.
Under certain clauses of our transportation services agreements with third party pipelines to transport natural gas and NGLs, if we fail to ship a minimum throughput volume, then we will pay certain deficiency payments for transportation based on the volume shortfall up to the MVC amount.
For additional information regarding the Company’s obligations, please see Note 8—Debt and Financing Costs and Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s primary use of capital since inception has been for the initial construction of gathering and processing assets, as well as the acquisition of businesses and EMI pipelines and associated subsequent construction costs. For 2025, the Company’s primary spending requirements are related to business acquisitions and other budgeted capital expenditures for the construction and maintenance of gathering and processing assets, the Company’s contractual debt obligations, quarterly cash dividends and repurchases of its Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Repurchase Program from time to time.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company’s primary sources of cash were distributions from the EMI Pipelines, borrowings under the revolving credit facility and the Amended A/R Facility, proceeds from the EPIC Sale and the issuance of the New 2028 Notes, and cash generated from operations. Based on the Company’s current financial plan, the Company believes that cash from operations and distributions from the EMI Pipelines and remaining borrowing capacity on our credit facilities will generate cash flows in excess of capital expenditures and the amount required to fund the Company’s planned quarterly dividend over the next 12 months. The following table presents a summary of the Company’s key liquidity indicators at the dates presented:
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Liquidity
December 31, 2025
(In thousands)
Total Capacity
Outstanding Borrowings
Letters of Credit
Available Borrowing Capacity
A/R Facility
Revolving Line of Credit
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
Total liquidity
December 31, 2024
(In thousands)
Total Capacity
Outstanding Borrowings
Letters of Credit
Available Borrowing Capacity
A/R Facility
Revolving Line of Credit
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
Total liquidity
Long-term Financing
From time to time, we issue long-term debt. Our senior unsecured notes are fixed rate borrowings; however, we have some exposure to the risk of changes in interest rates, primarily as a result of the variable rate borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Agreement and the Amended A/R Facility. We use interest rate swaps to mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates on cash flows. See Note 13—Derivatives and Hedging Activities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for detailed discussion.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $1.05 billion of our 6.625% senior unsecured notes due 2028 and $1.00 billion of our 5.875% senior unsecured notes due 2030 outstanding.
Term Loan Credit Agreement
On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides for a $1.15 billion senior unsecured credit facility. As of December 31, 2025, we had an outstanding borrowing of $1.15 billion under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.
Revolving Credit Agreement
On May 30, 2025, the Partnership entered into the Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a $1.60 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, and a $300.0 million sublimit for swingline loans.
All borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement mature on May 30, 2030, unless such maturity date is adjusted in accordance with the Revolving Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, we had an outstanding borrowing of $453.0 million and remaining borrowing capacity of $1.13 billion.
In connection with entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement, the Company repaid and terminated the 2022 Term Loan Credit Agreement and the 2022 Revolving Credit Agreement.
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A/R Facility
On April 1, 2025, the Partnership entered into an amendment to its A/R Facility to, among other things, increase the facility limit to $250.0 million and extend the scheduled termination date to March 31, 2026. As of December 31, 2025, we had an outstanding borrowing of $165.2 million.
Capital Requirements and Expenditures
Our operations can be capital intensive, requiring investments to expand, upgrade, maintain or enhance existing operations and to meet environmental and operational regulations. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, capital spending for property, plant and equipment totaled $492.5 million and $263.5 million, respectively, intangible asset purchases totaled $37.2 million and $12.3 million, respectively, and contributions to EMI totaled $1.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively. In addition, the Company received net cash of $504.2 million for selling its entire equity interest in EPIC in the fourth quarter of 2025 and paid net cash of $85.4 million to acquire additional equity interests in EPIC in second quarter 2024. The Company also received net cash of $524.4 million for selling its entire equity interest in GCX during 2024. Furthermore, the Company paid net cash of $175.5 million associated with the Barilla Draw Acquisition in 2025 and $341.2 million associated with the Durango Acquisition in 2024, see additional information in No te 3 — Bus iness Combinations in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Management believes its existing gathering, processing, and transmission infrastructure capacity is capable of fulfilling its contracts to service its customers.
The Company estimates 2026 capital expenditures of approximately $450.0 million to $510.0 million, which is slightly lower than 2025. Nearly 70% of the estimated capital expenditure is to be spent on continue expansion into the state of New Mexico to capitalize on expansive gathering system and early mover advantage, including the completion of the ECCC Pipeline, Phase 1 of the Kings Landing AGI project and the continued build out of the low and high pressure gathering system in the Eddy County, New Mexico.
The Company anticipates its existing capital resources will be sufficient to fund the future capital expenditures for EMI Pipelines and the Company’s existing infrastructure assets over the next 12 months. For further information on EMIs, refer to Note 7—Equity Method Investments in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Cash Flows
The following tables present cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities:
For The Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Cash provided by operating activities
Cash used in investing activities
Cash used in financing activities
Operating Activities . Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared with the same period in 2024. The change in the operating cash flows reflected (i) an increase in net income including noncontrolling interest of $281.7 million; (ii) a decrease in adjustments related to non-cash items of $302.9 million, which was mainly driven by an increase in gain recognized on sale of equity method investment of $325.6 million and an increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $58.4 million, partially offset by a favorable derivative fair value adjustment of $23.7 million compared to an unfavorable derivative fair value adjustment of $17.7 million in the same period in 2024; (iii) a decrease in distribution from unconsolidated affiliates of $44.0 million and a payment of continent liability related to the Kings Landing Earnout that was in excess of acquisition-date fair value of $5.4 million; (iv) an increase in derivative hedging activities realized gain of $11.5 million; and (v) an increase in working capital of $25.8 million.
Investing Activities . Net cash used in investing activities increased by $22.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by lower proceeds from sales of equity method investments of $20.2 million, an increase in property, plant and equipment and intangible asset expenditures of $228.9 million and $24.9 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in net cash paid for business acquisition and acquisition of equity interest in unconsolidated affiliate of $165.7 million and $85.4 million, respectively.
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Financing Activities . Net cash used in financing activities decreased by $56.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024. The decrease was mainly driven by net proceeds from long-term debt, Revolving Credit Facility and A/R Facility of $275.9 million compared to a net repayment of outstanding debt of $65.4 million made in 2024. The decrease in cash outflow was partially offset by increases in cash dividends paid to Class A Common Stock shareholders and Class C Common Unit holders of $104.1 million, repurchase of Class A Common Stock made during 2025 of $176.0 million and payments related to settlement of Kings Landing Earnout of $4.5 million, which was the fair value of the earnout contingent liability identified as of Durango Acquisition date.
Dividend and Distribution Reinvestment Agreement
On February 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Dividend and Distribution Reinvestment Agreement (the “Reinvestment Agreement”) with certain stockholders including BCP Raptor Aggregator, LP, BX Permian Pipeline Aggregator, LP, Buzzard Midstream LLC, APA Corporation, Apache Midstream LLC and certain individuals (each, a “Reinvestment Holder”). Under the Reinvestment Agreement, each Reinvestment Holder was obligated to reinvest at least 20% of all distributions on common units representing limited partner interests in the Partnership (“Common Units”) or dividends on shares of Class A Common Stock in the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The Reinvestment Agreement terminated automatically on March 8, 2024.
During 2025, the Company made cash dividend payments of $500.1 million to holders of Class A Common Stock and Common Units and $1.7 million was reinvested in shares of Class A Common Stock. During 2024, the Company made cash dividend payments of $396.0 million to holders of Class A Common Stock and Common Units and $75.6 million was reinvested in shares of Class A Common Stock. The significant decrease in reinvestment in shares of Class A Common Stock was primarily driven by the termination of the Reinvestment Agreement in March 2024.
Share Repurchase Program
In February 2023, the Board approved a share repurchase program (“Repurchase Program”), authorizing discretionary purchases of the Company’s Class A Common Stock up to $100.0 million in the aggregate. In May 2025, the Board approved a $400.0 million increase to the previously announced Repurchase Program, pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase the Company’s Class A Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $500.0 million. Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time, in accordance with applicable securities laws, on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and may be made pursuant to a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Privately negotiated repurchases from affiliates are also authorized under the Repurchase Program, subject to such affiliates’ interest and other limitations. The repurchases will depend on market conditions and may be discontinued at any time without prior notice.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 4.1 million shares at a total cost of $176.0 million. In addition, the Company retired the entirety of the 4.1 million shares held as treasury stock during 2025. There was $318.2 million available under the Repurchase Program as of December 31, 2025.
Dividend
On January 22, 2026, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.81 per share on the Company’s Class A Common Stock and a distribution of $0.81 per Common Unit from the Partnership to the holders of Common Units. Dividends were payable on February 13, 2026 to holders of record as of market close on February 6, 2026. As the context requires, dividends paid to holders of Class A Common Stock and distributions paid to holders of Common Units may be referred to collectively as “dividends”.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2025, there were no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are described in Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of this Annual Report.
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Index to Financial Statements
The Company prepares its financial statements and the accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. We consider our critical accounting estimates to be those that require difficult, complex, or subjective judgment necessary in accounting for inherently uncertain matters and those that could significantly influence our financial results based on changes in those judgments. Critical accounting estimates cover accounting matters that are inherently uncertain because the future resolution of such matters is unknown. Management routinely discusses the development, selection, and disclosure of the following critical accounting estimates.
Business Combinations
For acquired businesses, we recognize the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition with any excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired recorded to goodwill. Determining the fair value of these items requires management’s judgment and/or the utilization of independent valuation specialists and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The judgments made in the determination of the estimated fair value assigned to the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the investee, as well as the estimated useful life of each asset and the duration of each liability, can materially impact the financial statements in periods after acquisition, such as through depreciation and amortization expense. See Note 3—Business Combinations in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for more information regarding our valuation approach.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets used in operations are evaluated for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible significant deterioration in future cash flows expected to be generated by an asset group. Individual assets are grouped for impairment purposes based on a judgmental assessment of the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. If there is an indication that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered, the asset is assessed for impairment through an established process in which changes to significant assumptions such as service prices, throughput volumes, future development plans and fluctuation of commodity prices are reviewed. If, upon review, the sum of the undiscounted pre-tax cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset group, the carrying value is written down to an estimated fair value. Such fair value is generally determined by discounting anticipated future net cash flows, an income valuation approach, or by a market-based valuation approach, which are Level 3 fair value measurements. Estimates and assumptions can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. An estimate of the sensitivity to changes in underlying assumptions of a fair value calculation is not practicable, given the numerous assumptions that can materially affect our estimates.
Equity Method Investments
We evaluate our EMIs for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the EMI may be impaired and that impairment is other than temporary. If an event occurs, we evaluate the recoverability of our carrying value based on the fair value of the investment. If an impairment is indicated, we adjust the carrying values of the investment downward, if necessary, to their estimated fair values.
We estimate the fair value of our EMIs based on a number of factors, including discount rates, projected cash flows, and enterprise value. Estimating projected cash flows requires us to make certain assumptions as it relates to the future operating performance of each of our EMIs (which includes assumptions, among others, about estimating future operating margins and related future growth in those margins, contracting efforts and the cost and timing of facility expansions) and assumptions related to our EMIs, such as their future capital and operating plans and their financial condition.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
All our derivative contracts are recorded at estimated fair value. We utilize published prices, broker quotes, and estimates of market prices to estimate the fair value of these contracts; however, actual amounts could vary materially from estimated fair values as a result of changes in market prices. In addition, changes in the methods used to determine the fair value of these contracts could have a material effect on our results of operations. We do not anticipate future changes in the methods used to determine the fair value of these derivative contracts.
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Index to Financial Statements
Income Taxes
We make significant judgments and estimates in determining our provision for income taxes, including our assessment of our income tax positions, interpretation and application of complex tax laws and regulations and determining a valuation allowance, if necessary. In particular, there are numerous and complex judgments and assumptions inherent in determining a valuation allowance, including factors such as future operating conditions and profitability. For more information, see Note 15—Income Taxes in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Legal and Regulatory Matters
The Company is a party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business. In accordance with FASB ASC 450, Contingencies , the Company accrues reserves for outstanding lawsuits, claims and proceedings when a loss contingency is probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company expenses legal costs as incurred and estimates the amount of loss contingencies using current available information from legal proceedings, advice from legal counsel and other relevant external experts. Due to the inherent subjectivity of the assessments and unpredictability of the outcomes of any legal proceedings, any amounts estimated or accrued may not represent the ultimate loss to the Company from the legal proceedings in question. To the extent that actual outcomes differ from our estimates, or additional facts and circumstances cause us to
revise our estimates, our earnings will be affected.
The Company and certain of its affiliates are currently defendingagainst certain lawsuits and have accrued immaterial reserves as of December 31, 2025. See Note 17— Commitments and Contingencies in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for more information.
Environmental Matters
With respect to our environmental exposure, we utilize both internal staff and external experts to assist us in identifying environmental issues and in estimating the costs and timing of remediation efforts. Our accrual of environmental liabilities often coincides either with our completion of a feasibility study or our commitment to a formal plan of action, but generally, we recognize and/or adjust our probable environmental liabilities, if necessary or appropriate, following quarterly reviews of potential environmental issues and claims that could impact our assets or operations. In recording and adjusting environmental liabilities, we consider the effect of environmental compliance, pending legal actions against us, and potential third-party liability claims. The estimated environmental matter-related liability was $14.0 million and $24.0 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for more information on environmental matters.
