ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those identified below and those discussed in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this Report reflect our organizational transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods.
Overview
Foxx Development Holdings Inc. (“we,” “our”, “us”, or the “Company”) was incorporated on November 13, 2023 under the name “Acri Capital Merger Sub I Inc.” On September 26, 2024 (the “Closing”), Acri Capital Acquisition Corporation (“ACAC”), a Delaware corporation and our parent company at the time, consummated a previously announced business combination pursuant to the terms of the business combination agreement, dated February 18, 2024 (as amended on May 31, 2024, collectively, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among us, ACAC, Acri Capital Merger Sub II Inc., a Delaware corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary at the time (“Merger Sub”), and Foxx Development Inc., a Texas corporation incorporated on May 17, 2017 (“Old Foxx”), pursuant to which (i) ACAC merged with and into us (the “Reincorporation Merger”), with us surviving the Reincorporation Merger, and (ii) Old Foxx merged with and into Merger Sub, with Merger Sub surviving as our wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary (the “Acquisition Merger”). The Reincorporation Merger, the Acquisition Merger, and the transactions contemplated under the Business Combination Agreement, are collectively referred to as the “Business Combination”.
Upon Closing, we were renamed as “Foxx Development Holdings Inc.”, and the Merger Sub was renamed as “Foxx Development Inc.” (the “Operating Subsidiary”).
The ACAC securities previously traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) were delisted and ceased trading following the Closing. On September 27, 2024, one business day after the Closing, our Common Stock and Warrant became listed on the Nasdaq under trading symbols “FOXX” and “FOXXW,” respectively.
Together with our Subsidiary, we are a technology innovation firm specializing in the communications sector. Since our establishment in 2017, we have expanded our presence to include various locations throughout the United States, such as San Francisco, CA, Dallas, TX, Atlanta, GA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, and New York, NY. This expansion enables us to provide sales, retail, distribution, and after-sales support services while simultaneously driving innovation through active research and development efforts aimed at pioneering new customization standards and services.
Our business model involves providing comprehensive hardware and software specifications to original design manufacturers. Once the products are developed, we engage with third-party agencies to secure necessary testing and certifications, including Equipment Authorizations from the FCC and certifications from the Global Mobile Suppliers Association. We currently offer a range of Foxx-branded products, including tablets, smartphones, wearables, and expects to launch other high-quality communication terminals. Our products are generally priced competitively after considering various factors such as product costs, research and development investments, regulatory compliance, testing expenses, and shipping costs. Our customers are primarily distributors who sell Foxx-branded products in the U.S. public channels and to major carriers in the United States such as T-Mobile, AT&T, and Verizon. Our customers also included individual E-Commerce customers from TikTok Shop, which we began our E-Commerce operations in March 2024. We also provide an App Service by installing applications from App developer partners onto its mobile devices and facilitating the distribution of these devices to end users.
We have generated most of our revenue from the sales of tablets and smartphones. We expect to enter the U.S. IoT markets and potentially the private label Mobile Virtual Network Operator (“MVNO”) market, with the aim of growing into a key player both domestically and globally. We have been preparing to enter these markets by adding additional features and providing related services that enable Foxx-branded devices to have IoT and MVNO capabilities.
We manage inventory and meet market demand through our build-to-order business model. After customers place purchase orders in bulks with us, we place purchase orders with suppliers to manufacture the products that meet customers’ products specifications and budget requirements. Prior to 2023, we have relied on limited suppliers for the manufacturing of mobile phone and tablet products and on limited customers for the distribution of these products. We selectively concentrated our resources on our tablet and mobile phone products because such products held the strongest market potential and revenue generation capability at the time when remote work and online classes became more prevalent.
Beginning in 2023, we adjusted our business strategy to avoid reliance on limited suppliers and customers and to diversify suppliers and customers to mitigate the concentration and reliance risk. We have added new product models across each product line to target a broader range of customers. As of the date hereof, we have reached out to a total of eighteen wholesale customers to expand our operations in the market and expects to secure purchase orders from these new customers. At the same time, to meet the various product demands of current and prospective customers, we have connected with suppliers who can provide manufacturing support when we secure purchase orders from our customers. In addition, we plan to further expand our product offerings and to launch an IoT platform to manage all end-products sold, and began setting up a service team for our business to business (B2B) model in the artificial IoT department. Through the efforts of expanding product offerings and reaching to broader customer base, we will be able to move away from relying on limited customers and suppliers.
In addition, on February 8, 2024, the U.S. Federal Communication Commission stopped accepting new enrollment in the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) and announced that the ACP will stop accepting new applications and enrollments on February 7, 2024, and will stop funding for enrolled customers starting on April 30, 2024. Temporarily impacted by such a change in ACP, most of our new customers cut down their sales teams in anticipation of the reduced customer base, which affected the demand for our products across all channels during the year ended June 30, 2024; and on the other hand, our competitors have stockpiled their products during the year ended June 30, 2024, due to severely declining sales and they have started lower their sale price on their products which affected the demand of our products. However, we may continue to target end-users who are eligible for the Lifeline Program, which is administered by the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) and receives funding from the Universal Service Fund, a government program that receives annual contributions from telecommunications companies or their customers. At the same time, because we have initiated our strategic shifts to diversify our product offerings, we expect to target customers who are interested in other mobile devices, tablets, and IoT products. In addition, we began launching our products through TikTok Shop in March 2024 and we expect to grow our sales through this E-Commerce channel.
For the year ended June 30, 2025, we experienced a significant increase in the sales of mobile phone products, as we have added three new major customers. In addition, we have launched new wearable products, such as smart watches, smart rings, smart glasses, trackers and headsets, and App service commission revenue during the period which have driven up our sales for the year ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024.
The Business Combination
Incorporated as a Delaware corporation under the name “Acri Capital Merger Sub I Inc.” on November 13, 2023, we entered into the Business Combination Agreement on February 18, 2024, as amended on May 31, 2024, by and among us, ACAC, Merger Sub, and Old Foxx.
Upon the Closing of the Business Combination on September 26, 2024, ACAC merged with and into us, with us surviving the Reincorporation Merger, and (ii) Old Foxx merged with and into Merger Sub, with Merger Sub surviving as our wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary after the Acquisition Merger.
Merger Consideration
Immediately prior to the effective time of the Reincorporation Merger (the “Reincorporation Merger Effective Time”), which was on September 25, 2024, one business day prior to the Closing, (i) each issued and outstanding ACAC unit was automatically separated into one (1) share of ACAC Class A common stock and one-half (1/2) of one ACAC warrant, and (ii) each share of ACAC Class A common stock held by stockholders of ACAC who validly redeemed their shares of ACAC Class A common stock (each “ACAC Redeeming Share”) was automatically cancelled and ceased to exist and thereafter represented only the right to be paid a pro-rata redemption price.
At the Reincorporation Merger Effective Time on September 25, 2024, (i) each share of ACAC Class A or Class B common stock issued and outstanding (other than ACAC Redeeming Shares) was converted automatically into one (1) share of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (ii) each issued and outstanding ACAC warrant was converted automatically into one (1) redeemable our warrant, exercisable for one (1) share of our Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Warrant”).
At the Closing on September 26, 2024, by virtue of the Acquisition Merger and the Business Combination Agreement, and without any action on the part of any party to the Business Combination Agreement or affiliate or security thereof, the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Old Foxx (“Original Foxx Common Stock”) held by then exiting holders of Original Foxx Common Stock (the “Original Foxx Shareholders”) immediately prior to the Closing (including shares of Old Foxx Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the principal and accrued interest of promissory notes of Old Foxx issued in the Transaction Financing, as defined below) were cancelled and automatically converted into (i) the right to receive, without interest, the applicable portion of 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock (the “Closing Payment Stock”, 500,000 of which are subject to the Escrow Arrangement noted below), and (ii) the contingent right to receive the applicable portion of the Earnout Shares (as defined below), if, as and when payable in accordance with the earnout provisions of the Business Combination Agreement.
Upon Closing, we were renamed as “Foxx Development Holdings Inc.”, and the Merger Sub was renamed as “Foxx Development Inc.” (i.e. the Operating Subsidiary).
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, 500,000 shares of the Closing Payment Stock in aggregate were deposited (the “Escrow Arrangement”) to a segregated escrow account and would be released to the Original Foxx Shareholders if and only if, prior to or upon the one-year anniversary of the Business Combination Agreement, the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) managed by the U.S. Federal Communication Commission is reauthorized by the U.S. Congress with funding of no less than $4 billion in total for such reauthorized period; or otherwise be cancelled and forfeited by the Registrant without consideration.
Additionally, the Original Foxx Shareholders would be entitled to receive “Earnout Shares”, which refer to 4,200,000 shares of our Common Stock, subject to the vesting schedule (the “Vesting Schedule”) as follows:
in connection with the financial performance for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024:
(A) 700,000 Earnout Shares would be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (“2024 Audited Financial Statements”), prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles of the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and filed with the SEC on Form 10-K by us after Closing, would reflect our revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (the “2024 Revenue”) to be no less than $67,000,000 (including $67,000,000) and less than $84,000,000 (excluding $84,000,000);
(B) 1,400,000 Earnout Shares would be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if the Registrant 2024 Revenue reflected in the 2024 Audited Financial Statements would be no less than $84,000,000 (including $84,000,000) and less than $100,000,000 (excluding $100,000,000);
(C) 2,100,000 Earnout Shares would be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if the 2024 Revenue reflected in the 2024 Audited Financial Statements would be no less than $100,000,000 (including $100,000,000);
provided, however, that the Earnout Shares would be issued and delivered pursuant to one paragraph from (i)(A)-(i)(C) above only once; and
In connection with the financial performance for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025:
(A) 700,000 Earnout Shares would be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 (“2025 Audited Financial Statements”), prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and filed with the SEC on Form 10-K by us after Closing, would reflect revenue of the Registrant for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 (the “2025 Revenue”) to be no less than $77,050,000 (including $77,050,000) and less than $96,600,000 (excluding $96,600,000);
(B) 1,400,000 Earnout Shares would be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if the 2025 Revenue reflected in the 2025 Audited Financial Statements would be no less than $96,600,000 (including $96,600,000) and less than $115,000,000 (excluding $115,000,000);
(C) 2,100,000 Earnout Shares will be issued to Original Foxx Shareholders on a pro rata basis if and only if the 2025 Revenue reflected in the 2025 Audited Financial Statements would be no less than $115,000,000 (including $115,000,000);
provided, however, that the Earnout Shares would be issued and delivered pursuant to one paragraph from (ii)(A) to (ii)(C) above only once.
On October 24, 2024, upon the filing of the 2024 Audited Financial Statements as part of the Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K filed with the SEC (the “2024 10-K”), any Earnout Shares that the Original Foxx Shareholders may be entitled to receive under the Vesting Schedule were automatically forfeited, as the Company did not meet any of the vesting conditions for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 as provided in the Vesting Schedule. The Earnout Shares in connection with the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 were also forfeited automatically as the Company did not meet any of the vesting conditions for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 as provided in the Vesting Schedule.
In addition to the foregoing, pursuant to that certain amendment to the Underwriting Agreement, by and between EF Hutton LLC and ACAC, dated February 20, 2024, 43,125 shares of our Common Stock were issued to EF Hutton LLC at the Closing.
Public Listing
The ACAC securities previously traded on Nasdaq were delisted without any action needed to be taken on the part of the holders of such securities and are no longer traded on Nasdaq following the Closing. On September 27, 2024, one business day after the Closing, our Common Stock and Warrant became listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under trading symbols “FOXX” and “FOXXW,” respectively.
Accounting Treatment
While the legal acquirer in the Business Combination was ACAC, for financial accounting and reporting purposes under U.S. GAAP, Old Foxx was the accounting acquirer, and the Business Combination was accounted for as a “reverse recapitalization.” A reverse recapitalization (i.e., a capital transaction involving the issuance of stock by ACAC for the stock of Old Foxx) does not result in a new basis of accounting, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the combined company represent the continuation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Old Foxx in many respects. Accordingly, the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Old Foxx became the historical financial statements of the combined company, and ACAC’s assets, liabilities, and results of operations were consolidated with Old Foxx beginning from the Closing on September 26, 2024. Operations prior to the Business Combination are presented as those of Old Foxx. The net assets of ACAC are recognized at historical cost (which is expected to be consistent with carrying value), with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded upon execution of the Business Combination.
Transaction Financing
In consideration of market conditions, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the parties agreed to use commercially best efforts to secure financing to pay transaction expense and working capital of Foxx, including without limitation, a PIPE financing, private financing, redemption waiver, convertible debt, forward purchase agreement, backstop, or equity line of credit (collectively, the “Transaction Financing”).
On June 21, 2023, Old Foxx entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Convertible Note Agreement 1”) with New Bay Capital Limited, a Hong Kong registered company (“New Bay”), and issued a promissory note (“Note 1”) to New Bay in the principal amount of $2 million with an interest rate of 7% per annum, convertible into shares of Original Foxx Common Stock at $30.00 per share upon the listing of Original Foxx Common Stock through an initial public offering. On December 21, 2023, Old Foxx issued into another securities purchase agreement (the “Convertible Note Agreement 2”) with New Bay with the same terms and conditions as the Convertible Note Agreement, and issued another promissory note (“Note 2”) to New Bay in the principal amount of $2 million.
In connection with the Business Combination Agreement and all the transaction contemplated therein (the “Business Combination”), in the spring of 2024, Old Foxx and ACAC reached out to New Bay to seek its interest in participating in further financing in connection with the Business Combination.
After negotiations with New Bay, On March 15, 2024, Old Foxx and New Bay agreed to an amendment to amend both Convertible Note Agreement 1 and Convertible Note Agreement 2, and to amend Note 1 and Note 2, by removing the lock-up provisions as provided therein and allowing the unpaid principal and accrued interest on Note 1 and Note 2 to convert to Original Foxx Common Stock immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination. New Bay also subscribed for a new promissory note (“Note 3”) in the principal amount of $2 million under the same terms and conditions as amended Note 1 and Note 2 (collectively, the “New Bay Notes”).
On March 15, 2024, Old Foxx and New Bay amended the terms of the Note 1 and Note 2 accordingly and New Bay subscribed for a new promissory note (“Note 3”) in the principal amount of $2 million under the same terms and conditions as amended Note 1 and Note 2 (collectively “New Bay Notes”).
On February 20, 2024, New Bay introduced Old Foxx to BR Technologies PTE, Ltd. (“BR Technologies”), a Singapore-based company. On May 30, 2024, Old Foxx, BR Technologies and Grazyna Plawinski Limited, a Singapore-based company (“Grazyna”), entered into a securities purchase agreement for issuance of promissory notes in the amount of up to $9.0 million with an interest rate of 7% per annum under the same terms and conditions as provided in the New Bay Notes. A promissory note was issued by Old Foxx to BR (the “Note 4”) in the principal amount of $6 million and promissory notes issued by Old Foxx to Grazyna (the “Note 5”) in the total principal amount of $3 million on September 12, 2024.
Immediately prior to the Closing, all the accrued and unpaid principal and interests on the New Bay Notes, Note 4, and Note 5 were converted into: (x) 212,050 shares of Original Foxx Common Stock for the New Bay Notes, (y) 200,882 shares of Original Foxx Common Stock for Note 4, and (z) 100,690 share of Old Foxx Common Stock for Note 5, at a price of $30.00 per share. At the Closing, all of the converted shares of Original Foxx Common Stock were cancelled in exchange for the holders’ pro rata share of the Closing Payment Shares using the exchange ratio of 3.3033, resulting in (x) 700,473 shares of our Common Stock issued to New Bay, (y) 663,581 shares of our Common Stock issued to BR Technologies, and (z) 332,614 shares of our Common Stock issued to Grazyna.
Key Factors that Affect Operating Results
We believe the key factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations include the following:
Retention of key management team members
One of the key differentiating factors of us is the rich blended nature of our management team. Our management team comprises executives with extensive experience in electronics industry with IoT services related experiences. The wide array of industry experience captured by our management team allows us to deliver advanced technology and superior products to our customers. Losing any member of our key executive team could significantly impact the quality of services and products that we currently offer. Such departures may prompt customers to explore alternative products or IoT cloud platforms offered by different vendors or service providers.
Investment in technology and talent
We invest significant resources in outsourcing partnerships and dedicates efforts to research and develop new products, solutions, agent platforms, and related services. This commitment is essential to uphold our competitiveness in the industry, especially in the realm of IoT services. Advancing technology and enhancing capabilities are pivotal for enterprise growth, necessitating continual progress in electronic product technologies, novel services, and expanded capabilities.
To maintain and expand our customer base, we must sustain a culture of innovation that aligns with the industry’s evolution. This entails continuously introducing cutting-edge technologies to the market. Our current focus in research and development revolves around bolstering comprehensive communication, storage, and energy solutions, as well as advancing 5G technology. This includes areas such as baseband development, Radio Frequency (RF) layout optimization, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) integration, and rigorous system testing.
Our ability to expand our products and services and diversifying customer base
Currently, our main revenue stream originates from the sale of tablets and mobile phones. As brand recognition and acceptance grow, we anticipate a surge in user adoption of our wireless services and intelligence products. Our capacity to broaden our products portfolio, offer new services and attract a more diversified customer base could significantly influence our future operating results.
Results of Operations
Comparison for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
For the Years Ended June 30,
Change
Change
Revenues, net
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Selling expense
General, and administrative expense
Research and development – related party
Research and development
Loss from operations
Other income (expense), net
Provision for income tax
Net loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Comprehensive loss
Revenues
Our revenue primarily derived from sales of electronic products. The total revenues increased by approximately $62.7 million, or 1,941.8%, to approximately $65.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $3.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase of the total revenue was mainly attributable to the sales from three new major wholesale customers who aggregately accounted for 76% of our sales and launching of a new line of products, which is the wearable electronic products, and new services.
Our revenues from our revenue categories are summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended
June 30,
June 30,
Tablet products
Mobile phone products
Wearable products and others
Subtotal product revenues
App service commission revenue, net
Other services
Subtotal service revenues
Total revenues, net
Revenue from the sales of tablet products decreased by approximately $0.2 million, or 22.8%, to approximately $0.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, from $0.7 for the year ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from sales of mobile phone products, which accounted for 91% of total revenue, increased by approximately $57.1 million, or 2,224.9%, to approximately $59.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $2.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, primarily because we rolled out some new phone products beginning in January 2024 and the sales to our two new major wholesale customers accounted for 50% of our sales in aggregate. Revenue from sales of wearable products and others, which was new for the year ended June 30, 2025, increased by approximately $3.4 million, or 100.0%, to approximately $3.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0 for year ended June 30, 2024, as we rolled out some new wearable products beginning in October 2024. Revenue from App service commission increased by approximately $2.2 million, or 100.0%, to approximately $2.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2024, as we started to generate income by providing installation of App service to our partners on our mobile devices and procure the distribution of these devices to the end users beginning in July 2024. Revenue from other services increased by approximately $0.1 million, or 100.0%, to approximately $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2024, as we started to generate income by providing other logistic and warehouse management services in April 2025.
Cost of Goods Sold
Our cost of goods sold mainly consisted of cost of merchandise and freight. Total cost of goods sold increased by approximately $58.0 million, or 1,864.4%, to approximately $61.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $3.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cost of goods sold is a direct result of an increase in our revenue, which is consistent with the acquisition of our three new major wholesale customers and new product line as discussed above for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Our cost of goods sold from their revenue categories are summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended
June 30,
June 30,
Tablet products
Mobile phone products
Wearable products
Other services cost
Total cost of goods sold
Our cost of goods sold for tablets decreased by approximately $0.1 million, or 13.4%, to approximately $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0.5 for the same period in 2024. Cost of goods sold for mobile phone products increased by approximately $55.0 million, or 2,110.3%, to approximately $57.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $2.6 million for the same period in 2024, which is consistent with the direct result of an increase in revenue from sales of mobile phone products. Cost of goods sold for wearable products and others increased by approximately $3.0 million, or 100.0%, to approximately $3.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0 for the same period in 2024, which is also the direct result of an increase in our revenue as we rolled out some new wearable products beginning in October 2024. Cost of goods sold for other services increased by approximately $48,000, or 100.0% to approximately $48,000 for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0 for the same period in 2024, which is also the direct result of an increase in our other revenue as we started to generate income by providing other services during the year ended June 30, 2025.
Gross Profit
Our gross profit increased by approximately $4.7 million, or 4,018.1%, to approximately $4.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, from approximately $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Our gross profit from their major revenue categories is summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended June 30,
Change
Change
Tablet products
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
Mobile phone products
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
Wearable products and others
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
App service commission revenue
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
Other services
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
Total
Gross profit
Gross profit percentage
For the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our overall gross profit percentage was 7.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The increase in gross profit percentage of 3.7% was primarily due to the increases in gross profit percentage for mobile phone products, wearable products and others and app service commission revenue and others.
Gross profit percentage of tablets dropped from 23.5% to 14.1% from the year ended June 30, 2024 to the same period in 2025. This was primarily due the decrease of sales of those with higher unit selling prices and lower unit purchase prices.
Gross profit (loss) percentage for mobile phones increased from (1.5)% to 3.5% for the year ended June 30, 2024, to the same period in 2025. This was primarily due to the increasing sales of new phone models with higher gross profit margins.
For the year ended June 30, 2025, our gross profit percentage of wearable products was 11.7%. We did not have this kind of products for the year ended June 30, 2024.
For the year ended June 30, 2025, our gross profit percentage of App service commission and others was 100.0%. This high margin was primarily attributable to the nature of App service commission revenue, which was commission based revenue that was earned at a point in time when the revenue is generated from the App, that is when clicks and/or impressions, activation of Apps, and installation of additional Apps occur at a point in time when the end users of the mobile devices interact with those Apps. We earned the App revenue share (service commission) from our partners without incurring any direct cost, as the pre-installation expenses were included in the research and development expenses prior to installation, and any labor costs with minimal time spent were immaterial to be allocated to cost of revenue. We did not have this kind of service for the year ended June 30, 2024.
For the year ended June 30, 2025, our gross profit percentage of other services was 52.9%. We did not have the other logistic and warehouse management services for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses increased by approximately $11.3 million, or 346.1%, to approximately $14.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from approximately $3.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Our operating expenses are summarized as follows:
For the Years ended June 30,
Change
Change
Operating expenses
Selling expenses
General and administrative expense
Research and development – related party
Research and development
Total operating expense
The increase in operating expense was mainly attributed to the following:
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses increased approximately $4.1 million, or 381.4%, to approximately $5.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, from approximately $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increased selling expenses was mainly attributable to (i) approximately $2.0 million increase in commission, payroll and payroll related expense as we recruited and hired more salespersons to our team during the year ended June 30, 2025, (ii) approximately $0.9 million increase in consulting fees, as the Company engaged additional sales consultant to enhance our sales efforts, (iii) approximately $0.4 million increase in sampling, testing and certification expenses, (iv) approximately $0.2 million increase in stock-based compensation as we granted restricted stock units in November 2024 to our sales team members under the Incentive Plan, (v) approximately $0.3 million increase in warranty expenses which is in line with sales growth, and (vi) approximately $0.3 million increase advertising and marketing, which all directly related with boosting the brand awareness, adding new product models, and attracting more business opportunities in the electronic devices market during the year ended June 30, 2025.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased approximately $5.0 million, or 240.4%, to approximately $7.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from approximately $2.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increased general and administrative expense were mainly attributable to (i) the approximately $1.3 million increase in professional expense on audit, legal and accounting fees as we became a public company, (ii) approximately $1.2 million increase in salary and wages as we made more new hires during the year ended June 30, 2025, (iii) approximately $0.9 million increase in credit losses due to the increasing risk of uncollectable accounts from a few of our customers, (iv) approximately $0.4 million increase in stock-based compensation as we granted restricted stock units in November 2024 to our management team members under the Incentive Plan, and (v) approximately $1.2 million increase in other general and administrative miscellaneous expenses, such as insurance, rent expense, travel expense, and office expense due to increased expenses in the increased of our operations. We anticipate a continued rise in our G&A as we persist in executing our business expansion plan and integrating IoT-enabled devices alongside our cloud platform to streamline operations in 2026.
Research and Development — related party
Research and development (“R&D”) expenses from a related party increased by approximately $46,000, or 50.0%, where the increase was primarily due to an R&D project began in 2024. During the year ended June 30, 2024, a related party completed 40% of the remaining 5G development project pursuant to an R&D agreement between us and the related party, and we recognized an R&D expense approximately of $91,000 accordingly based on the progression of the R&D project. During the year ended June 30, 2025, the related party completed the remaining 5G development project, and we recognized a R&D expense of approximately $137,000.
Research and Development
R&D expenses increased by approximately $2.1 million, or 100.0%, from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2024 to $2.1 million for the same period in 2025. The increase is due to hiring of more employees and engaging third parties to provide development services for new products during the year ended June 30, 2025. The increase is also attributable to approximately $0.1 million increase in stock-based compensation as we granted restricted stock units in November 2024 to our R&D team members under the Incentive Plan.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Our other expense, net is summarized as follows:
For the Years ended June 30,
Change
Change
Other income (expense)
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Change in fair value of earnout liabilities
Total other income (expense), net
Total other income (expense), net increased by approximately $1.0 million, or 367.2%, to approximately $0.8 million of other income for the year ended June 30, 2025, from approximately $0.3 million of other expenses for the year ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to approximately $5.7 million of the change in fair value of earnout liabilities in connection with the Business Combination and offset by the increase in interest expenses of approximately $4.7 million incurred related to the financing offered by our vendors based upon the timing of our payment to their accounts payable.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was approximately $77,000 and $20,000 for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which increased by $57,000 or 287.0% as we had non-deductible change in fair value of earnout liabilities of approximately 5.7 million and capitalized R&D expenses of approximately $2.1 million during the year ended June 30, 2025.
Net Loss
Net loss increased by approximately $5.6 million, or 162.9%, to approximately $9.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, from approximately $3.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. Such change was mainly due to the reasons discussed above.
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Changes in foreign currency translation adjustment of approximately $5,000 are mainly due to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates between SGD (the functional currency of one of our subsidiaries) and the USD dollar (reporting currency) for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In assessing liquidity, we monitor and analyses cash on-hand and operating and capital expenditure commitments. Our liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements, operating expenses, and capital expenditure obligations. Debt financing in the form of convertible promissory note and cash generated from operations have been utilized to finance working capital requirements.
As of June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.9 million, while we had accumulated deficit of approximately $20.0 million. During the year ended June 30, 2025, we had net loss of approximately $9.0 million and net operating cash outflow of approximately $6.6 million.
If we are unable to generate sufficient funds to finance the working capital requirements within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period from the date of the consolidated financial statements are issued, we may have to consider supplementing our available sources of funds through the following sources:
Other available sources of financing from banks, other financial institutions or private lenders;
Financial support and credit guarantee commitments from our related parties; and
Equity financing.
Our management has determined that the factors discussed above have raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern and, accordingly, do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The following summarizes the key components of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the Years Ended
June 30,
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $6.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 and was primarily attributable to (i) approximately $9.0 million in net loss, (ii) approximately $10.9 million increase in inventories because we stored more inventories to meet the demand of our anticipated sales orders, (iii) approximately $7.1 million increase in accounts receivable due to the increase of credit sales during the period, (iv) non-cash expenses of approximately $5.7 million, which primarily attributed to the change in fair value of earnout liabilities, (v) approximately $2.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets due to our prepaid rent payment in connection with our factory and warehouse leases to be commenced in July 2025, (vi) approximately $1.1 million increase in security deposit because we rented more office, factory and warehouse space which were commenced in July 2025, (vii) approximately $0.2 million decrease in tax payable of ACAC due to the payment of income tax carried from ACAC after the Business Combination, and (viii) approximately $0.6 million decrease in contract liabilities due to purchase of more inventories with vendors to meet customer demand. The cash outflow was offset by (i) approximately $24.8 million increase in accounts payable due to purchase of more inventories with vendors to meet customer demand, (ii) approximately $2.4 million increase in other payables and accrued liabilities mainly due to accrued professional fees that associated with business expansion, such as consulting fees, testing fees and legal fees, (iii) approximately $1.2 million decrease in contract assets due to purchase of more inventories with vendors to meet customer demand, (iv) approximately $0.8 million increase in non-cash stock compensation due to restricted stock units granted to our employees, consultants and independent director under the Incentive Plan, and (v) approximately $0.9 million provision for credit due to the increasing risk of accounts from a few of our customers.
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $4.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and was primarily attributable to (i) approximately $3.4 million net loss, (ii) approximately $0.3 million increasd in accounts receivable due to provision of credit term to our new customers during the year, (iii) approximately $1.7 million increase in contract assets due to engagement with new vendors which required purchase deposits to secure relevant transactions, (iv) approximately $1.8 million increase in inventories due to change in our business strategy where we rented warehouse in the U.S. to store our inventories, (v) approximately $63,000 increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and security deposit, (vi) approximately $33,000 in payment of operating lease liability, and (vii) approximately $16,000 decrease in income taxes payable. The cash outflow was offset by (i) non-cash expenses of approximately $0.3 million, which includes depreciation, accrued interest expenses from incurred from convertible notes, and amortization of operating right-of-use assets, (ii) approximately $1.4 million increase in accounts payable due to purchase of more inventories with vendors to meet customer demand, (iii) approximately $0.6 million increase in contract liabilities due to a higher number of sales orders that had not yet been fulfilled but with advance payments made by customers to us to reserve products, and (iv) approximately $0.2 million increase in other payables and accrued liabilities mainly due to accrued professional fees that associated with business expansion, such as consulting fees, testing fees and legal fees.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $40,000 for the year ended June 30, 2025, attributable to approximately $68,000 purchase of some equipment for our warehouse uses and an automobile for our business uses, and offset by approximately $28,000 proceeds from sale of the automobile.
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $9,000 for the year ended June 30, 2024 attributable to the purchase of office equipment and furniture.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $7.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, mainly attributable to (i) approximately $19.7 million of proceeds from the reverse recapitalization, (ii) $9.0 million of proceeds from issuance of convertible promissory notes, and (iii) approximately $0.1 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock through exercise of warrant, offset by the payment of redeeming shareholders in connection with the Business Combination of approximately $20.5 million, the repayment of short-term loans of approximately $0.3 million and approximately $0.1 million in payments of deferred transaction costs.
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $3.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, mainly attributable to $4.0 million of proceeds from issuance of convertible promissory notes to New Bay in November 2023 and March 2024, offset by approximately $0.4 million in payments of deferred offering costs, the repayment of related party loans of approximately $0.1 million, and the principal payments of long-term loan of approximately $16,000.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2025, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our members.
Critical Accounting Estimate
The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We have identified certain accounting estimates that are critical to the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to the consolidated financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe that the critical accounting estimates, assumptions, and judgments that have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements are described below.
Income Taxes
We record deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the net tax effects of tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes compared to the amounts used for income tax purposes. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability with consideration for such factors as historical losses, projected future taxable income, and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management believes the deferred tax assets, based largely on the history of tax losses, warrant a full valuation allowance based on the weight of available negative evidence. Currently, the key factor on our assumption of providing 100% valuation allowance was purely based on our historical operating losses. Once we began generating profit, we will re-evaluate whether providing 100% valuation allowance is appropriate or if we can reassess such number.
Earnout Liabilities
At the Closing, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the Original Foxx Shareholders were entitled to receive up to a total of 4,200,000 contingent earnout shares (“Earnout Shares”) in the form of our common stock. The Earnout Shares will be issued upon certain vesting schedules based on our financial performance for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 and 2025. The Earnout Shares were classified as a liability at the Closing on September 26, 2024 and measured at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value included in the consolidated statements of operations.
When determining the fair value measurements for earnout liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the earnout liabilities arising from the Business Combination.
The Company developed a Monte Carlo Model that values the earnout subject revenue milestones. The Monte Carlo Model technique applied generates many possible (but random) price paths for the underlying(s) via simulation and then calculates the associated payment value of the security features. The price of the underlying common stock is modeled such that it follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant drift, and constant volatility. The stock price is determined by a random sampling from a normal distribution. Since the underlying random process is the same, for enough price paths, the value of security is derived from path dependent scenarios and outcomes.
The model simulates the underlying economic factors, including the projected revenue that influenced which of these events would occur, when they were likely to occur, and the specific terms that would be in effect at the time (i.e., stock price, revenue, etc.). Probabilities were assigned to each variable such as the timing and pricing of events over the term of the instruments based on management projections. This led to a cash flow simulation over the life of the instrument. A discounted cash flow was completed to determine the value for the earnout liabilities.
Prior to the Business Combination, we were a private company and lacked company-specific historical and implied volatility information of its stock, and as such, the expected revenue volatility was based on historical volatility of industry outlook and the expected revenue volatility and stock volatility was based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies for a term equal to the remaining expected term of the earnout period.
