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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.01pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.00pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.03pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
exacerbated+1
threatened+1
Positive rising
No words rose this year.
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
11,757 words
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Risks Related to Our Business
Difficult market conditions may adversely affect our business in many ways, including reducing the volume and value of the transactions involving our Investment Banking & Equities business, which may materially reduce our revenue or income.
As a financial services firm, our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions in the U.S. and throughout the world. Financial markets and economic conditions can be impacted by many factors beyond our control, such as the to access credit markets, rising interest rates or inflation, the imposition or imposition of tariffs, terrorism, political uncertainty, supply chain , uncertainty in the federal fiscal or monetary policy of U.S. or foreign governments, an evolving regulatory environment (and the timing and nature of regulatory
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
volatility+1
Positive rising
gain+2
effective+1
MD&A (Item 7)
15,773 words
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Evercore Inc.'s consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Key Financial Measures
Revenue
Total revenues reflect revenues from our Investment Banking & Equities and Investment Management business segments that include fees for services, transaction-related client reimbursements and other revenue. Net revenues reflect total revenues less interest expense.
reform), climate change, extreme weather events or natural disasters, the emergence or continuation of widespread health emergencies or pandemics, cyberattacks or campaigns, military conflicts or other geopolitical events. Unfavorable market or economic conditions, as well as volatility in the financial markets, can materially reduce the demand for our services and present challenges.
Revenue generated by our Investment Banking & Equities business is related to the volume and value of the transactions in which we are involved. The majority of our bankers are focused on covering clients in the context of providing M&A services and those activities generate a substantial portion of our revenues. During periods of unfavorable market and economic conditions, our operating results may be adversely affected by a decrease in the volume and value of M&A transactions and increasing price competition among financial services companies seeking advisory engagements. Our clients engaging in M&A transactions often rely on access to the credit and/or capital markets to finance their transactions. The uncertainty of available credit and interest rates and the volatility of the capital markets, and the fact that we do not provide financing or otherwise commit capital to clients, can adversely affect the size, volume, timing and ability of such clients to successfully complete M&A transactions and adversely affect our Investment Banking & Equities business. In addition, our profitability would be adversely affected due to our fixed costs and the possibility that we would be unable to reduce our variable costs without reducing revenue or within a timeframe sufficient to offset any decreases in revenue relating to changes in market and economic conditions.
We also seek to generate greater business from our liability management and restructuring and capital markets services and our Equities business. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to significantly offset lower revenues from a decline in our M&A activities with increased revenues generated from liability management and restructuring and capital markets services or from our Equities business. Our liability management and restructuring services, which provide financial advice and investment banking services to companies in financial transition, as well as to creditors, shareholders and potential acquirers, our capital markets services, which provide corporations and financial sponsors with advice relating to a broad array of financing issues, and our Equities business, which provides equity research and agency securities trading for institutional investors, are smaller than our M&A advisory business and we expect that they will remain that way for the foreseeable future.
Unfavorable market conditions may also lead to a reduction in revenues from our underwriting and placement agent activities, our private funds advisory and private capital markets businesses, and the demand for the research and other services provided by our Equities business could correspondingly decline.
We depend on our senior professionals, including our executive officers, and the loss of their services could have a material adverse effect on us. If we are unable to successfully identify, hire and retain productive individuals, we may not be able to implement our growth strategy successfully.
Our growth strategy is based, in part, on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and profitable senior professionals across all of our businesses. Accordingly, our senior professionals' expertise, skill, reputation and relationships with clients and potential clients are critical elements in maintaining and expanding our businesses. For example, our Investment Banking & Equities business is dependent on our senior Investment Banking professionals, senior Equities research analysts, traders and executives. In addition, EWM is dependent on its senior portfolio managers and executives. Our professionals possess substantial experience and expertise and strong client relationships. However, they are not obligated to remain employed with us and the market for qualified professionals is highly competitive. In particular, many of our competitors may be able to offer more attractive compensation packages or broader career opportunities. Due to this competition, we may also face difficulties in, or increases in the cost of, recruiting and retaining professionals of a caliber consistent with our business strategy.
If any of these personnel were to retire, join an existing competitor, form a competing company or otherwise leave us, it could jeopardize our relationships with clients and result in the loss of client engagements and revenues. The departure of a number of senior professionals, including our executive officers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have entered into restrictive covenant agreements with certain senior professionals, there is no guarantee that these agreements provide sufficient incentives or protections to prevent our professionals from resigning to join our competitors or that the restrictive covenant agreements would be upheld if we were to seek to enforce our rights. Recent regulatory initiatives and state laws have sought to limit the enforceability of such arrangements. For example, several states have enacted or proposed legislation limiting the enforceability of restrictive covenant agreements.
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Certain aspects of our cost structure are largely fixed, and we may incur costs associated with new or expanded lines of business, or our entry into new geographic regions, prior to these lines of business or regions generating significant revenue. If our revenue declines or fails to increase commensurately with the expenses associated with new or expanded lines of business or regions, our profitability may be materially adversely affected.
We may incur costs associated with new or expanded lines of business, or our entry into new geographic regions, including guaranteed or fixed compensation costs, prior to these lines of business generating significant revenue. In addition, certain aspects of our cost structure, such as costs for occupancy and equipment rentals, communication and information technology services, and depreciation and amortization are largely fixed, and we may not be able to timely adjust these costs to match fluctuations in revenue. If our revenue declines, or fails to increase commensurately with the expenses associated with new or expanded lines of business or regions, our profitability may be materially adversely affected.
Our growth has placed, and will continue to place, significant demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources.
We have experienced significant growth in the past several years. Supporting this growth has placed significant demands on our operational, legal, regulatory and financial systems and resources for integration, training and business development efforts. We are often required to commit additional resources to maintain appropriate operational, legal, regulatory and financial systems to adequately support expansion, even when we only partner, enter into strategic alliances or take minority stakes in other businesses. We expect our growth to continue, which could place additional demands on our resources and increase our expenses. For example, in recent years we have made significant investments in various enterprise technologies, such as client relationship management, enterprise resource planning and financial planning technology. We cannot provide assurance that our financial controls, the level of knowledge of our personnel, our operational abilities, our legal and compliance controls and our other corporate support systems will be adequate to manage our expanding operations effectively. Any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to pursue our growth strategy, generate revenue and control expenses, and could result in regulatory fines or sanctions.
Our revenue and profits are highly volatile, which may make it difficult for us to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis and may cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Our revenue and profits are highly volatile, and we can experience significant fluctuations in quarterly results. We generally derive Investment Banking & Equities revenue from engagements that generate significant fees at key transaction milestones, such as closing, and the timing of these milestones is outside of our control. As a result, our financial results will likely fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on the timing of when those fees are earned. The loss of even a small number of such fees could have a significant effect on our near term financial results. It may be difficult for us to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis, which could, in turn, lead to large adverse movements in the price of our Class A common stock or increased volatility in our stock price generally.
We earn a majority of our revenue from advisory engagements, and, in most cases, we are not paid until the successful consummation of the transactions. As a result, our Investment Banking & Equities revenue is highly dependent on market conditions and the decisions and actions of our clients, interested third parties and governmental authorities. For example, a client could delay or terminate an acquisition transaction because of a failure to agree upon final terms with the counterparty, failure to obtain necessary regulatory consents or board or stockholder approvals, failure to secure necessary financing, adverse market conditions or because the target's business is experiencing unexpected operating or financial problems. Anticipated bidders for assets of a client during a liability management and restructuring transaction may not materialize or our client may not be able to restructure its operations or indebtedness due to a failure to reach agreement with its principal creditors. In these circumstances, we often do not receive any advisory fees other than the reimbursement of certain out-of-pocket expenses, despite the fact that we have devoted considerable resources to these transactions.
Our failure to deal appropriately with actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and materially adversely affect our business.
As we have expanded the scope of our businesses and client base, we increasingly confront actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest relating to our Investment Banking & Equities and Investment Management businesses. It is possible that actual, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to client dissatisfaction, litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. Appropriately identifying and managing actual or perceived conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and our reputation could be damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with one or more potential or actual conflicts of interest. Regulatory scrutiny of, or litigation in connection with, conflicts of interest would have a material adverse effect on our
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reputation which would materially adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including an inability to recruit additional professionals and a reluctance of potential clients and counterparties to do business with us. Additionally, client-imposed conflicts requirements could place additional limitations on us, for example, by limiting our ability to accept advisory engagements.
Policies, controls and procedures that we may be required to implement to address additional regulatory requirements, including as a result of additional foreign jurisdictions in which we operate, our equities business and our underwriting activities, or to mitigate actual or potential conflicts of interest, may result in increased costs, including for additional personnel and infrastructure and information technology improvements, as well as limit our activities and reduce the benefit of positive synergies that we seek to cultivate across our businesses. For example, due to our equity research activities through our equities business, we face potential conflicts of interest, including situations where our publication of research may conflict with the interests of an advisory client, or allegations that research objectivity is being inappropriately impacted by advisory client considerations.
Employee misconduct, which is difficult to detect and deter, could harm us by impairing our ability to attract and retain clients while subjecting us to significant legal liability and reputational harm.
There is a risk that our employees could engage in fraud or misconduct that adversely affects our business. Our Investment Banking & Equities business often requires that we deal with confidential matters of great significance to our clients. If our employees were to improperly use or disclose confidential information provided by our clients or other confidential information, we could be subject to investigations, actions and sanctions by regulators and enforcement agencies and sufferseriousharm to our reputation, financial position, current client relationships and ability to attract future clients and employees. We are also subject to a number of obligations and standards arising from our Investment Management business and our authority over the assets managed by our Investment Management business. The violation of these obligations and standards by any of our employees would adversely affect our clients and us. It is not always possible to deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in all cases. If our employees engage in misconduct, our business may be adversely affected.
In addition, the U.S. regulators and enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Department of Justice and the SEC, continue to focus on anti-money laundering laws and anti-corruption laws, and the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions have significantly expanded the reach of their anti-bribery laws. While we have developed and implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure strict compliance with anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, anti-corruption and other laws, such policies and procedures may not be effective in all instances to prevent violations. Any determination that any of our employees have violated these laws (or similar laws of other jurisdictions in which we do business) could subject us to, among other things, civil and criminalpenalties, material fines, profit disgorgement, injunction on future conduct, securities litigation and reputational damage, any one of which could adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.
The financial services industry faces substantial litigation and regulatory risks, and we may face damage to our professional reputation and legal liability.
Allegationsagainst us of improper conduct by private litigants or regulators, whether the ultimate outcome is favorable or unfavorable to us, as well as negative publicity and press speculation about us, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation. Moreover, our role as advisor to our clients on important mergers and acquisitions or liability management and restructuring transactions often involves complex analysis and the exercise of professional judgment, including, in certain circumstances, rendering fairness opinions in connection with mergers and other transactions.
Particularly in highly volatile markets, the volume of claims and amount of damages claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial advisors and underwriters can be significant. Our business is also subject to regulation in the countries in which it operates. As this regulatory environment continues to change (in some cases potentially significantly) it is difficult to assess future litigation and regulatory risks. Regulatory changes make it harder for our clients to estimate future potential losses that may be incurred. Our advisory and underwriting activities may subject us to the risk of significant legal liability to our clients and third parties, including our clients' stockholders, under securities or other laws for materially false or misleading statements made in connection with securities and other transactions and potential liability for the fairness opinions and other advice provided to participants in corporate transactions. In addition, a portion of our advisory fees are obtained from liability management and restructuring clients, and often these clients do not have sufficient resources to indemnify us for costs and expenses associated with third-party subpoenas and direct claims, to the extent such claims are not barred as part of the reorganization process. Our engagements typically include broad indemnities from our clients and provisions designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services, but these provisions may not protect us or may not be adhered to in all
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cases. These indemnities also are dependent on our client's capacity to pay the amounts claimed. As a result, we may incur significant legal expenses in defendingagainstlitigation. In our Investment Management business, we make investment decisions on behalf of our clients that could result in substantial losses. This also may subject us to the risk of legal liability or actions allegingnegligentmisconduct, breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. Substantial legal liability or legal expenses incurred in defendingagainstlitigation could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity or cause significant reputational harm to us, which could seriouslyharm our business.
We may face damage to our professional reputation if our services are not regarded as satisfactory or for other reasons.
As a financial services firm, we depend to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services to attract and retain clients and talent. As a result, if a client is not satisfied with our services, it may be more damaging to our business than in other businesses. Our reputation could be impacted by events that may be difficult or impossible to control, and costly or impossible to remediate. For example, alleged or actual failures by us or our employees to provide satisfactory services or to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations, errors in our public reports, perceptions of our environmental, social and governance practices or business selection (including client selection), or the public announcement and potential publicity surrounding any of these events, even if inaccurate, satisfactorily addressed, or even if no violation or wrongdoing actually occurred, could adversely impact our reputation, our relationships with clients, our ability to negotiate joint ventures and strategic alliances, and our ability to attract and retain talent, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Extensive and evolving regulation of our businesses exposes us to the potential for significant penalties and fines due to compliance failures, increases our costs and limits our ability to engage in certain activities.
As a participant in the financial services industry, we are subject to extensive and evolving regulation by governmental and self-regulatory organizations in jurisdictions around the world, as described further in Item 1. "Business – Regulation" above. Our ability to conduct business and our operating results, including compliance costs, may be adversely affected as a result of any new requirements imposed by the SEC, FINRA, or other U.S. or foreign governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that regulate the financial services industry. We may also be adversely affected by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or regulations by these governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Uncertainty about the timing and scope of any changes to existing laws and rules or the implementation of new laws or rules by any regulatory authorities that regulate financial services firms or supervise financial markets, as well as the compliance costs associated with a new regulatory regime, may negatively impact our businesses in the short term, even if the long-term impact of any such changes is positive for our businesses. In addition, policies adopted by clients or prospective clients, which may exceed regulatory requirements, may result in additional compliance costs that materially affect our business. Because certain of our larger competitors are subject to regulations that do not affect us to the same extent, or at all, regulatory reforms may benefit them more than us, including by expanding their permitted activities, reducing their compliance costs or reducing restraints on compensation, any of which could enhance their ability to compete against us for advisory opportunities, for employees or otherwise, in a manner that negatively impacts our business.
Our and our employees' failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in adverse publicity and reputational harm, as well as fines, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of the registration of us or any of our subsidiaries as an investment advisor or broker-dealer. For example, we are subject to extensive bribery and anti-corruption regulation, which can present heightened risks for us due to certain jurisdictions in which we operate and our significant client relationships with governmental entities and certain businesses that receive support from government agencies. Our businesses are subject to periodic examination by various regulatory authorities, and we cannot predict the outcome of any such examinations or estimate the amount of monetary fines or penalties that could be assessed. In addition, adverse regulatory scrutiny of any of our strategic partners could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation.
Our business is subject to various cybersecurity risks.
We face various cybersecurity risks related to our businesses on a day-to-day basis. We rely heavily on financial, accounting, communication and other data processing systems to securely process, transmit, and store sensitive and confidential client information, and communicate among our locations around the world and with our staff, clients, partners, and vendors. We also depend on third-party software and programs, as well as cloud-based storage platforms as part of our operations. These systems, including the systems of third parties on whom we rely, may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of tampering or a breach of our network security systems or otherwise, including for reasons beyond our, or their, control. In
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addition, we are also exposed to fourth-party cybersecurity risk from vendors, suppliers or attackers of our third-party vendors. The increased use of mobile technologies, artificial intelligence and remote working arrangements heighten these and other operational risks.
In addition, as we operate in a financial services industry, we are susceptible to attempts to gainunauthorized access of client, customer or other confidential information. We are also at risk for denial-of-service, distributed denial-of-service and/or other cyber-attacks involving the theft, dissemination and destruction of corporate information or other assets, which could result from an employee's, contractor's or other third party vendor's failure to follow data security procedures or as a result of actions by third parties, including actions by governments. These risks may be exacerbated by the use of artificial intelligence. Phishing attacks and email spoofing attacks are becoming more prevalent and are often used to obtain information to impersonate employees or clients in order to, among other things, direct fraudulent bank transfers or obtain valuable information. Fraudulent transfers resulting from phishing attacks or email spoofing of our employees could result in a material loss of assets, reputational harm or legal liability, and in turn materially adversely affect our business. Although cyber-attacks have not, to date, had a material impact on our operations, breaches of our, or third-party, network security systems on which we rely could involve attacks that are intended to obtain unauthorized access to and disclose our proprietary information or our client's proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, often through the introduction of computer viruses, cyber-attacks and other means, and could originate from a wide variety of sources, including state actors or other unknown third parties outside the firm.
There can be no assurance that we, or the third parties on whom we rely, will be able to anticipate, detect or implement effective preventative measures against frequently changing cyber threats. We expect to incur significant costs in maintaining and enhancing appropriate protections to keep pace with increasingly sophisticated methods of attack. In addition to the implementation of data security measures, we require our employees to maintain the confidentiality of the proprietary information we hold. If an employee's failure to follow proper data security procedures results in the improper release of confidential information, or our systems are otherwise compromised, do not operate properly or are disabled, we could suffer a disruption of our business, financial losses, liability to clients, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. See Item 1C. "Cybersecurity" for further information regarding our cybersecurity practices, policies and procedures.
We are exposed to risks and costs associated with protecting the integrity and security of our clients', employees' and others' personal data and other sensitive information.
As part of our business, we manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential client or employee data, including personal data. As a result, we are subject to various risks and costs associated with the collection, handling, storage and transmission of personal data, including those related to compliance with U.S. and foreign data protection and privacy laws and other contractual obligations, as well as those associated with the compromise of our systems collecting such personal data. These laws and regulations are increasing in complexity and number and the burden of our compliance with them is growing. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which applies across the EU and the U.K., imposes stringent requirements regarding the processing of personal data. Failure to meet the GDPR requirements could, in serious cases, result in penalties of up to four percent of annual worldwide revenue turnover. Several other jurisdictions, including in the United States, have also adopted or are considering similar legislation. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act provides data privacy rights for consumers and privacy related operational requirements for companies and similar data privacy laws have been enacted in other states, which may increase our compliance costs.
If any person, including any of our employees, negligentlydisregards or intentionally breaches our established controls with respect to client or employee data, or otherwise mismanages or misappropriates that data, we could be subject to significant monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions, fines and/or criminalprosecution. In addition, unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client or employee data, whether through cyber-attacks, systems failure, employee negligence, fraud or misappropriation, could damage our reputation and cause us to lose clients and related revenue in the future. Potential liability in the event of a security breach of client data could be significant and depending on the circumstances giving rise to the breach, this liability may not be subject to a contractual limit of liability or an exclusion of consequential or indirect damages.
Any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage. In addition, our businesses are increasingly subject to laws and regulations relating to surveillance, encryption and data on-shoring in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Compliance with these laws and regulations may require us to change our policies, procedures and technology for information security, which could, among other things, make us more vulnerable to cyber-attacks and misappropriation, corruption or loss of information or technology.
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Our business is subject to various operational risks.
We operate in businesses that are highly dependent on proper processing of financial transactions. In our Equities business, and our Wealth Management business in particular, we must consistently and reliably obtain securities pricing information, properly execute and process client transactions and provide reports and other customer service to our clients. Our trading activities present opportunities for trade errors and other operational errors in connection with the processing of transactions. The occurrence of trade or other operational errors or the failure to keep accurate books and records can render us liable to disciplinary action by governmental and self-regulatory authorities, as well as to claims by our clients. We also rely on third-party service providers for certain aspects of our business. Any interruption or deterioration in the performance of these third parties or failures of their information systems and technology could impair our operations, affect our reputation and adversely affect our businesses.
In addition, if we were to experience a disaster or other business continuity problem, such as an epidemic, a pandemic, other man-made or natural disaster or disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, our continued success will depend, in part, on the availability of our personnel and office facilities and the proper functioning of our computer, software, telecommunications, transaction processing and other related systems and operations, as well as those of third parties on whom we rely. Although in the past we have been able to continue business operations through disruptions, we cannot guarantee in the future that similar events will not result in a material disruption to our business that may cause material financial loss, regulatory action, reputation harm or legal liability, and if significant portions of our workforce, including key personnel, are unable to work effectively because of illness, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with a pandemic, the impact of a pandemic on our business could be exacerbated. In particular, we depend on our headquarters in New York City, where a large number of our personnel are located, for the continued operation of our business. Although we have developed business continuity plans and enhanced our remote working capabilities, a disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses, a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or a disruption that directly affects our headquarters, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. The incidence and severity of disasters or other business continuity problems are unpredictable, and our inability to timely and successfully recover could materially disrupt our businesses and cause material financial loss, regulatory actions, reputational harm or legal liability.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to refinance, our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance. We cannot provide assurance that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal of, and interest on, our indebtedness, including our senior notes (the "Private Placement Notes") described in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements and other indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, including the principal and semi-annual interest payments noted above, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness, including the Private Placement Notes and other contractual commitments.
Our clients may be unable to pay us for our services.
We face the risk that certain clients may not have sufficient financial resources to pay, or otherwise refuse to pay, our agreed-upon advisory fees, including in the bankruptcy or insolvency context. If a client's financial difficulties become severe, the client may be unwilling or unable to pay our invoices in the ordinary course of business, which could adversely affect collections of both our accounts receivable and unbilled services. On occasion, some of our clients have entered bankruptcy, which has prevented us from collecting amounts owed to us. The bankruptcy of a number of our clients that, in the aggregate, owe us substantial accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if a number of clients declare bankruptcy after paying us certain invoices, courts may determine that we are not properly entitled to those payments and may require repayment of some or all of the amounts we received, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Certain clients may also be unwilling to pay our advisory fees in whole or in part, in which case we may have to incur significant costs to bring legal action to enforce our engagement agreements to obtain our advisory fees.
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Goodwill, other intangible assets, equity method investments and other investments represent a portion of our assets, and an impairment of these assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Goodwill, other intangible assets, equity method investments and other investments represent a portion of our assets. We assess these assets at least annually for impairment, however, we may need to perform impairment tests more frequently if events or circumstances occur, that indicate the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, attrition of key personnel, a prolongeddecline in our stock price and market capitalization, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or disposition of a significant portion of one of our businesses and other factors. The valuation of our reporting units, long-lived intangible assets, equity method investments or other investments requires judgment in estimating future cash flows, discount rates and other factors. In making these judgments, we evaluate the financial health of our reporting units, long-lived intangible assets, equity method investments or other investments, including such factors as market performance, changes in our client base and projected growth rates. Because these factors are ever changing, due to market and general business conditions, we cannot predict whether, and to what extent, our goodwill, long-lived intangible assets, equity method investments and other investments may be impaired in future periods.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could materially adversely affect our business.
We have documented and tested our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent auditors regarding our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able or willing to issue an unqualified report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Matters impacting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC, or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements is also likely to suffer if we identify a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us and lead to a decline in the market price of our shares.
A change in relevant tax laws, regulations or treaties or an adverse interpretation of these items by tax authorities could result in an audit adjustment to tax-related liabilities, or revaluation of our net deferred tax assets that may cause our effective tax rate and/or and tax liabilities to be higher than what is currently presented in the consolidated financial statements.
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate income and other taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for these taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. In some cases, this process requires us to estimate our actual current tax liability and to assess temporary differences resulting from differing book versus tax treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, compensation and benefits expense, unrealized gains and losses on long-term investments and depreciation. Our effective tax rate and tax liabilities are based on the application of current tax laws, regulations and treaties. These laws, regulations and treaties are complex, and the manner in which they apply to our facts and circumstances can be open to interpretation. Management believes its application of current laws, regulations and treaties to be correct and sustainable upon examination by the tax authorities. However, the tax authorities could challenge our interpretation, resulting in additional tax liability or adjustment to our tax provision that could increase our effective tax rate or tax-related liabilities. For example, a recent interpretation reached by a judicial authority has challenged the employment tax treatment of partnership members. While that challenge remains subject to a judicial review process, and we and our subsidiaries are not a party to the proceedings, the ultimate outcome may impact our tax position. In addition, tax laws, regulations or treaties newly enacted or enacted in the future, or interpretations of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or other tax laws, may cause us to revalue our net deferred tax assets and have a material change to our effective tax rate.
Our inability to successfully identify, consummate and integrate acquisitions and/or alliances, including through joint ventures or investments, as part of our growth initiatives could have adverse consequences to our business.
We may expand our various businesses through additional acquisitions, entering into joint ventures and strategic alliances, and internally developing new opportunities that are complementary to our existing businesses and where we think we can add substantial value or generate substantial returns. For example, in 2025, we completed the acquisition of Robey Warshaw, an
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independent advisory firm headquartered in the United Kingdom. The success of this strategy will depend on, among other things, the availability of suitable opportunities and capital resources to effect our strategy; the level of competition from other companies that may have greater financial resources than we do or may not require the same level of disclosure of these activities; our ability to value acquisition and investment candidates accurately and negotiate acceptable terms for those acquisitions and investments; and our ability to identify and enter into mutually beneficial relationships with joint venture partners.
Additionally, integrating acquired businesses, providing a platform for new businesses and partnering with other firms involve a number of risks and present financial, managerial, operational and reputational challenges, including the following factors, among others: loss of key employees or customers; possible inconsistencies in or conflicts between standards, controls, procedures and policies and the need to implement company-wide financial, accounting, information technology and other systems; failure to maintain the quality of services that have historically been provided; failure to coordinate geographically diverse organizations; disagreements between us and our partners; compliance with regulatory requirements in regions in which new businesses and ventures are located; and the diversion of management's attention from our day-to-day business as a result of the need to manage any disruptions and difficulties and the need to add management resources to do so. Our inability to develop, integrate and manage acquired companies, joint ventures or other strategic relationships and growth initiatives in an efficient and cost-effective manner, or at all, could have material adverse short- and long-term effects on our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.
We may not realize the cost savings, revenue enhancements or other benefits that we expected from our growth initiatives.
Our analyses of the benefits and costs of expanding our businesses necessarily involve assumptions as to future events, including general business and industry conditions, the longevity of specific customer engagements and relationships, operating costs and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control and may not materialize. While we believe our analyses and their underlying assumptions to be reasonable, they are estimates that are necessarily speculative in nature. In addition, new regulatory requirements and conflicts may reduce the synergies that we expect to result from our growth initiatives. Even if we achieve the expected benefits, we may not be able to achieve them within the anticipated time frame. Also, the cost savings and other synergies from these growth initiatives may be offset by costs incurred in integrating the companies, increases in other expenses or problems in the business unrelated to these growth initiatives. In the case of joint ventures, we are subject to additional risks and uncertainties in that we may be dependent upon, and subject to liability, losses or reputational damage relating to personnel, systems and activities that are not under our direct and sole control, and conflicts and disagreements between us and our joint venture partners may negatively impact our business.
Risks Related to Our Investment Banking & Equities Business
A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from advisory assignments for Investment Banking & Equities clients, which are not long-term contracted sources of revenue and are subject to intense competition, and declines in these engagements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
We historically have earned a substantial portion of our revenue from fees paid to us by our Investment Banking & Equities clients for advisory and underwriting services. These fees are typically payable upon the successful completion of a particular transaction or restructuring. Our Advisory Fees and Underwriting Fees in the aggregate accounted for 91%, 90% and 88% of our revenues, excluding Other Revenue, net, in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expect that we will continue to rely on advisory services for a substantial portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, a decline in advisory engagements, or the market for advisory services, would adversely affect our business.
In addition, our Advisory professionals operate in a highly-competitive environment where typically there are no long-term contracted sources of revenue. Each revenue-generating engagement typically is separately solicited, awarded and negotiated. In addition, many businesses do not routinely engage in transactions requiring our services. As a consequence, our fee-paying engagements with many clients are not likely to be predictable and high levels of revenue in one quarter are not necessarily predictive of continued high levels of revenue in future periods. We also lose clients each year as a result of the sale or merger of a client, a change in a client's senior management, competition from other financial advisors and financial institutions and other causes. As a result, our advisory fees could decline materially due to such changes in the volume, nature and scope of our engagements.
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We face strong competition from other financial advisory firms, many of which have the ability to offer clients a wider range of products and services than we can offer, which could cause us to fail to win advisory mandates and subject us to pricing pressures that could materially adversely affect our revenue and profitability.
The financial advisory industry is intensely competitive, highly fragmented and subject to rapid change, and we expect it to remain so. We compete on both a global and regional basis, and on the basis of a number of factors, including the quality of our employees, industry knowledge, transaction execution skills, our products and services, innovation, reputation, strength of relationships and price. We have experienced intense competition for advisory mandates in recent years, and we may experience pricing pressures in our Investment Banking & Equities business in the future, as some of our competitors seek to obtain increased market share by reducing fees. When making proposals for fixed-fee engagements, we estimate the costs and timing for completing the engagements. These estimates reflect our best judgment regarding the efficiencies of our methodologies and financial professionals as we plan to deploy them on engagements. Any unexpected costs or unanticipateddelays in connection with the performance of such engagements could make these contracts less profitable, or unprofitable, which would have an adverse effect on our profit margins.
Several of our competitors include large financial institutions, many of which have far greater financial and other resources and greater name recognition than us and, unlike us, have the ability to offer a wider range of products, which may enhance their competitive position. They also regularly support services we do not provide, such as commercial lending and other financial services and products, which puts us at a competitive disadvantage and could result in pricing pressures or lostopportunities, which could materially adversely affect our revenue and profitability. In addition, we may be at a competitive disadvantage with regard to certain of our competitors who have larger customer bases, have more professionals to serve their clients' needs and are able to provide financing or otherwise commit capital to clients that are often a crucial component of the Investment Banking & Equities transactions on which we advise.
In addition to our larger competitors, we face competition from a number of independent investment banks that offer only independent advisory services, which stress their lack of other businesses as a competitive advantage. As these independent firms or new entrants into the market seek to gain market share, there could be additional pricing and competitive pressures, which may impact our ability to implement our growth strategy and ultimately materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Equities business relies on non-affiliated third-party service providers.
Our Equities business has entered into service agreements with third-party service providers for order management, trade execution, settlement and clearance of client securities transactions and research distribution. This business faces the risk of operational failure of any of the vendors we use to facilitate our securities transactions or research distribution. Our senior management and officers oversee and manage these relationships. Poor oversight and control or inferior performance or service on the part of the service provider could result in loss of customers and violations of applicable rules and regulations. Any such failure could adversely affect our ability to effect transactions and to manage our exposure to risk.
Underwriting and trading activities expose us to risks.
We may incur losses and be subject to reputational harm to the extent that, for any reason, we are unable to sell securities we purchased as an underwriter at the anticipated price levels. As an underwriter, we also are subject to liability for material misstatements or omissions in prospectuses and other offering documents relating to offerings we underwrite. In such cases, any indemnification provisions in the applicable underwriting agreement may not be enforceable or available to us, for example, if the client is not financially able to satisfy its indemnification obligations in whole, or part, or the scope of the indemnity is not sufficient to protect us against financial or reputational losses arising from such liability. In addition, the associated litigation process can place operational strain on our business.
Further, as customer trading activities expose us to potential losses, we may have to purchase or sell securities at prevailing market prices in the event a customer fails to settle a trade on its original terms. We seek to manage the risks associated with customer trading activities through customer screening, internal review and trading policies and procedures, but such policies and procedures may not be effective in all cases.
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If the number of debt defaults or bankruptciesdeclines or other factors affect the demand for our liability management and restructuring services, our liability management and restructuring revenue could be adversely affected.
We provide financial advice and investment banking services to companies in financial transition, as well as to creditors, shareholders and potential acquirers of such companies. Our services may include reviewing and analyzing the business, financial condition and prospects of the company or providing advice on strategic transactions, capital raising or liability management and restructurings. We also may provide advisory services to companies that have sought, or are planning to seek, protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or other similar processes in non-U.S. jurisdictions. A number of factors affect demand for these advisory services, including general economic conditions, the availability and cost of debt and equity financing, governmental policy and changes to laws, rules and regulations, including those that protect creditors. In addition, providing liability management and restructuring advisory services entails the risk that the transaction will be unsuccessful, or take considerable time, and be subject to a bankruptcy court's authority to disallow or discount our fees. If the number of debt defaults or bankruptciesdeclines, or other factors affect the demand for our liability management and restructuring advisory services, our liability management and restructuring business would be adversely affected.
Risks Relating to Our Investment Management Business
The amount and mix of our AUM are subject to significant fluctuations.
The revenues and profitability of our Wealth Management business are derived from providing investment management and related services. The level of our revenues depends largely on the level and mix of AUM. Fluctuations in the amount and mix of our AUM may be attributable, in part, to market conditions outside of our control that have had, and in the future could have, a negative impact on our revenues and income. Any decrease in the value or amount of our AUM because of market volatility or other factors negatively impacts our revenues and income. We are subject to an increased risk of asset volatility from changes in the global financial and equity markets. Global economic conditions, exacerbated by war or terrorism, health emergencies or financial crises, changes in the equity marketplace, trade disputes, restrictions on travel, currency exchange rates, commodity prices, interest rates, inflation rates, the yield curve, and other factors that are difficult to predict affect the mix, market values and levels of our AUM. Moreover, changing market conditions may cause a shift in our asset mix between international and U.S. assets, potentially resulting in a decline in our revenue and income depending upon the nature of our AUM and the level of management fees we earn based on them. Additionally, changing market conditions may cause a shift in our asset mix towards fixed-income products and a related decline in our revenue and income, as in the U.S. we generally derive higher fee revenues and income from equity assets than from fixed-income products we manage.
If the funds we manage or invest in perform poorly, we will suffer a decline in our investment management revenue and earnings, and our Investment Management business may be adversely affected.
Revenue from our Wealth Management business is derived from fees earned for the management of client assets, generally based on the market value of AUM. Poor investment performance by these businesses, on an absolute basis or as compared to third-party benchmarks or competitors, could stimulate higher redemptions, thereby lowering AUM and reducing the fees we earn, even in periods when securities prices are generally rising. In addition, if the investments we make on behalf of our funds and clients perform poorly, it may be more difficult for us to attract new investors, launch new products or offer new services in our Wealth Management business. Furthermore, if the volatility in the U.S. and global markets causes a decline in the price of securities that constitutes a significant portion of our AUM, our clients could withdraw funds from, or be hesitant to invest in, our Investment Management business due to the uncertainty or volatility in the market or in favor of investments they perceive as offering greateropportunity or lower risk, which would also result in lower investment management revenue.
Our Investment Management business' reliance on non-affiliated third-party service providers subjects the Company to operational risks.
We have entered into services agreements with third-party service providers for custodial services and trust and investment administration processing and reporting services. Our officers oversee and manage these relationships; however, poor oversight and control on our part or inferior performance or service on the part of the service providers could result in a loss of customers, violation of applicable rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, data protection, privacy and anti-money laundering laws and otherwise adversely affect our business and operations.
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Our agreements with the OCC require us to maintain and segregate certain assets, and our failure to comply with these agreements (including if we are required to access these assets for other purposes) could adversely affect us.
Evercore Inc. and Evercore LP are party to a Capital and Liquidity Support Agreement, a Capital and Liquidity Maintenance Agreement and other related agreements with the OCC related to ETC (collectively, the "OCC Agreements"). The OCC Agreements require Evercore Inc. and Evercore LP to provide ETC necessary capital and liquidity support in order to ensure that ETC continues to operate safely and soundly and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In particular, the OCC Agreements require that Evercore Inc. and Evercore LP (1) maintain at least $5 million in Tier 1 capital in ETC or such other amount as the OCC may require and (2) maintain liquid assets in ETC in an amount at least equal to the greater of $3.5 million or 180 days coverage of ETC's operating expenses.
If we fail to comply with any of the OCC Agreements, we could become subject to civil money penalties, regulatory enforcement actions, payment of damages and, if the OCC deems it likely that we are unable to fulfill our obligations or breach the OCC Agreements, a forced disposition of ETC. The occurrence of any of these events or the disclosure that these events are probable or under consideration may cause reputational harm and erosion of client trust, due to a perception that we are unable to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, unable to successfully launch new initiatives and businesses, or that our reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services is no longer valid, any of which could adversely affect our business and operations.
Risks Related to Our International Operations
A meaningful portion of our revenues are derived from our international operations, which are subject to certain risks.
In 2025, we earned 24% of our Total Revenues, excluding Other Revenue, and 24% of our Investment Banking & Equities Revenues from clients located outside of the United States. Generally, we intend to grow our non-U.S. business, and this growth is critical to our overall success. Many of our large Investment Banking & Equities clients are non-U.S. entities seeking to enter into transactions involving U.S. businesses. Our international operations carry special financial and business risks, which could include, but are not limited to, greaterdifficulties managing and staffing foreign operations; language and cultural differences; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that could adversely affect our results; unexpected and costly changes in tariff and trading policies, regulatory requirements, tariffs and other barriers; restrictions on travel; greaterdifficulties in collecting accounts receivable; longer transaction cycles; higher operating costs; local labor conditions and regulations; adverse consequences or restrictions on the repatriation of earnings; potentially adverse tax consequences, such as trapped foreign losses; less stable political and economic environments; civil disturbances or other catastrophic events that reduce business activity; disasters or other business continuity problems, such as pandemics, other man-made or natural disaster or disruption involving electronic communications or other services; and international trade issues.
As part of our day-to-day operations outside of the United States, we are required to create compensation programs, employment policies, compliance policies and procedures and other administrative programs that comply with the laws of multiple countries. We also must communicate and monitor standards and directives across our global operations. Our failure to successfully manage and grow our geographically diverse operations could impair our ability to react quickly to changing business and market conditions and to enforce compliance with non-U.S. standards, laws, regulations and procedures.
If our international business increases relative to our total business, these factors could have a more pronounced effect on our operating results. See also " —Difficult market conditions may adversely affect our business in many ways, including reducing the volume of the transactions involving our Investment Banking & Equities business, which may materially reduce our revenue or income."
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect our results.
Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars and we receive a portion of our revenues in other currencies, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currencies. In addition, we pay certain of our expenses in such currencies. Generally, we do not enter into any transactions to hedge our exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations in our foreign subsidiaries through the use of derivative instruments or otherwise. An appreciation or depreciation of any of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar would result in an adverse or beneficial impact, respectively, to our financial results. On occasion, we enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts as an economic hedge against exchange rate risk for foreign currency denominated accounts receivable in EGL or other commitments. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
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The cost of compliance with international broker-dealer, employment, labor, benefits and tax regulations may adversely affect our business and hamper our ability to expand internationally.
Since we operate our business both in the U.S. and internationally, we are subject to many distinct broker-dealer, employment, labor, benefits and tax laws in each jurisdiction in which we operate, including regulations affecting our employment practices and our relations with our employees and service providers. If we are required to comply with new regulations or new interpretations of existing regulations, or if we are unable to comply with these regulations or interpretations, our business could be adversely affected or the cost of compliance may make it difficult to expand into new international markets. Additionally, our competitiveness in international markets may be adversely affected by regulations requiring, among other things, the awarding of contracts to local contractors, the employment of local citizens and/or the purchase of services from local businesses.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
We are required to pay some of our current and former Senior Managing Directors for most of the benefits relating to any additional tax depreciation or amortization deductions we may claim as a result of the tax basis step-up we receive in connection with exchanges of Evercore LP partnership units ("LP Units") for shares and related transactions.
As of December 31, 2025, there were certain vested LP Units held by some of our Senior Managing Directors and former employees that may in the future be exchanged for shares of our Class A common stock. The exchanges may result in increases in the tax basis of the assets of Evercore LP that otherwise would not have been available. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the IRS may challenge all or part of that tax basis increase, and a court could sustain such a challenge.
We have entered into a tax receivable agreement with some of our current and former Senior Managing Directors that provides for the payment by us to these Senior Managing Directors of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under this agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that, as a result of the size of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Evercore LP attributable to our interest in Evercore LP, during the expected term of the tax receivable agreement, the payments that we may make to our Senior Managing Directors could be substantial. Changes in tax legislation may modify the amounts paid under the agreement. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act included a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, which reduced future amounts to be paid under the agreement with respect to tax years beginning in 2018. In addition, there are numerous other provisions which may also have an impact on the amount of tax to be paid. To the extent that there are future changes or modifications to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or other legislation that increases our federal corporate tax rate, our payment obligations under the tax receivable agreement could increase.
Although we are not aware of any issue that would cause the IRS to challenge a tax basis increase, Senior Managing Directors who receive payments will not reimburse us for any payments that may previously have been made under the tax receivable agreement. As a result, in certain circumstances we could make payments to some of the Senior Managing Directors under the tax receivable agreement in excess of our cash tax savings. Our ability to achieve benefits from any tax basis increase, and the payments to be made under this agreement, will depend upon a number of factors, as discussed above, including the timing and amount of our future income.
Our only material asset is our interest in Evercore LP, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions from Evercore LP to pay dividends, taxes and other expenses.
The Company is a holding company and has no material assets other than its ownership of partnership units of Evercore LP. The Company has no independent means of generating revenue. We intend to cause Evercore LP to make distributions to its partners in an amount sufficient to cover all applicable taxes payable, other expenses and dividends, if any, declared by us.
Payments of dividends, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company's Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including economic and business conditions; our financial condition and operating results; our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs; our capital requirements; applicable contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions; implications of the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries (including Evercore LP) to us; and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
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In addition, Evercore LP is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a partner to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of Evercore LP (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. Furthermore, certain subsidiaries of Evercore LP may be subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to Evercore LP. Moreover, our regulated subsidiaries may be subject to regulatory capital requirements that limit the distributions that may be made by those subsidiaries.
Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of Evercore LP and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair their ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that the Company requires funds and Evercore LP is restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of financing arrangements, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, our liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
As of December 31, 2025, regulated subsidiaries of Evercore LP had $1.65 billion of cash and cash equivalents and investment securities. Amounts held in regulated entities may be subject to advance notification requirements to, or regulatory approval from, their relevant regulatory body prior to distribution, which could delay or restrict access to such capital.
If Evercore Inc. were deemed an "investment company" under the 1940 Act as a result of its ownership of Evercore LP, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If Evercore Inc. were to cease participation in the management of Evercore LP, its interest in Evercore LP could be deemed an "investment security" for purposes of the 1940 Act. Generally, a person is deemed to be an "investment company" if it owns investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items), absent an applicable exemption. Evercore Inc. will have no material assets other than its equity interest in Evercore LP. A determination that this interest was an investment security could result in Evercore Inc. being an investment company under the 1940 Act and becoming subject to the registration and other requirements of the 1940 Act.
The 1940 Act and the rules thereunder contain detailed parameters for the organization and operations of investment companies. Among other things, the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder limit or prohibit transactions with affiliates, impose limitations on the issuance of debt and equity securities, prohibit the issuance of stock options, and impose certain governance requirements. We intend to conduct our operations so that Evercore Inc. will not be deemed to be an investment company under the 1940 Act. However, if anything were to happen which would cause Evercore Inc. to be deemed to be an investment company under the 1940 Act, requirements imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure, ability to transact business with affiliates and ability to compensate key employees, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as currently conducted, impair the agreements and arrangements between and among Evercore Inc., Evercore LP or our Senior Managing Directors, or any combination thereof and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
Our employees control a significant portion of the voting power in Evercore Inc., which may give rise to conflicts of interests.
Our employees own shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock. Our certificate of incorporation provides that the holders of the shares of our Class B common stock are entitled to a number of votes that is determined pursuant to a formula that relates to the number of LP Units held by such holders. Each holder of Class B common stock is entitled, without regard to the number of shares of Class B common stock held by such holder, to one vote for each partnership unit in Evercore LP held by such holder. Our employees, and certain trusts benefiting their families, collectively, have a significant portion of the voting power in Evercore Inc. As a result, our employees have the ability to exercise influence over the election of the members of our Board of Directors and, therefore, influence over our management and affairs, including determinations with respect to acquisitions, dispositions, borrowings, issuances of common stock or other securities, and the declaration and payment of dividends. In addition, they are able to exercise influence over the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval. This concentration of ownership could deprive our other Class A stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
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Our share price may decline or we may have a significant increase in the number of shares of common stock outstanding due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale and for exchange.
The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of Class A common stock in the market or the perception that such sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
Further, we have historically repurchased a significant number of shares of our Class A common stock in the open market. If we were to cease or were unable to repurchase shares of Class A common stock, or choose to allocate available capital to the repayment of borrowings or other expenditures, the number of shares outstanding would increase over time, diluting the ownership of existing stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation allows the exchange of Class A limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class A LP Units"), Class E limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class E LP Units"), Class I limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class I LP Units") and Class K limited partnership units of Evercore LP ("Class K LP Units") (other than those held by us) for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. The shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exchange of the partnership units that are held by our Senior Managing Directors and certain other employees of the Company are eligible for resale from time to time, subject to certain contractual and Securities Act restrictions.
Further, as part of annual bonuses and incentive compensation, we award restricted stock units ("RSUs") to employees, as well as to new hires. Each RSU represents the holder's right to receive one share of our Class A common stock following the applicable vesting date. Should we issue RSUs in excess of the amount remaining as authorized for issuance under the Third Amended and Restated 2016 Evercore Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, these awards would be accounted for as liability awards, with changes in the fair value of these awards reflected as compensation expense until authorization is obtained.
Some of our Senior Managing Directors are parties to registration rights agreements with us. Under these agreements, these persons have the ability to cause us to register the shares of our Class A common stock they could acquire.
The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of our Class A common stock to decline.
Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock in spite of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, and in response, the market price of our Class A common stock could decrease significantly.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable by permitting our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock, requiring advance notice for stockholder proposals and nominations and placing limitations on convening stockholder meetings. In addition, we are subject to provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law that restrict certain business combinations with interested stockholders. These provisions may also discourage acquisition proposals or delay or prevent a change in control, which could harm our stock price.
Investment Banking & Equities. Our Investment Banking & Equities segment earns fees from its clients for providing advice on mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, capital raising, leveraged buyouts, liability management and restructurings, private funds advisory and private capital markets services, activism and defense and similar corporate finance matters, and from underwriting and private placement activities, as well as commissions, fees and principal revenues from research and sales and trading activities. The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement or services provided. In general, advisory fees are paid at the time we sign an engagement letter, during the course of the engagement or when an engagement is completed. The majority of our revenue consists of advisory fees for which realizations are dependent on the successful completion of client transactions. A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons which are outside of our control, including failure of parties to agree upon final terms with the counterparty, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing, to achieve necessary regulatory approvals, or due to adverse market conditions. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees may be subject to court approval. Underwriting fees are recognized when the offering has been deemed to be completed and placement fees are generally recognized at the time of the client's acceptance of capital or capital commitments. Commissions and Related Revenue includes commissions, which are recorded on a trade-date basis or, in the case of payments under commission sharing arrangements, on the date earned. Commissions and Related Revenue also includes subscription fees for the sale of research, as well as revenues from trades primarily executed on a riskless principal basis. Cash received before the subscription period ends is initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) and recognized as revenue over the remaining subscription period.
Revenue trends in our advisory business generally are correlated to the volume of M&A activity, restructuring activity, which generally tends to be counter-cyclical to M&A, and capital advisory activity. Demand for these capabilities can vary in any given year or quarter for a number of reasons. For example, changes in our market share or the ability of our clients to close certain large transactions can cause our revenue results to diverge from the level of overall M&A, restructuring or capital advisory activity. Revenue trends in our equities business are correlated, in part, to market volumes, which generally decrease in periods of low market volatility or unfavorable market or economic conditions. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for further information.
Investment Management. Our Investment Management segment includes operations related to the Wealth Management business and interests in private equity funds which we do not manage. Revenue sources primarily include management fees, fiduciary fees and gains (or losses) on our investments.
Management fees for third party clients generally represent a percentage of AUM. Fiduciary fees, which are generally a function of the size and complexity of each engagement, are individually negotiated. Gains and losses include both realized and unrealized gains and losses on principal investments, including those arising from our equity interest in investment partnerships.
Transaction-Related Client Reimbursements . In our Investment Banking & Equities segment, we incur various transaction-related expenditures, such as travel expenses and professional fees, in the course of performing our services. Pursuant to the engagement letters with our advisory clients, these expenditures may be reimbursable. We define these expenses, which are associated with revenue activities earned over time, as transaction-related expenses and record such expenditures as incurred and record revenue when it is determined that clients have an obligation to reimburse us for such transaction-related expenses. Client expense reimbursements are recorded as revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations on the later of the date an engagement letter is executed or the date we pay or accrue the expense.
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Other Revenue and Interest Expense. Other Revenue includes the following:
• Interest income, including accretion, and income (losses) on investment securities, including our investment funds (which are used as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program), certificates of deposit, cash and cash equivalents and long-term accounts receivable
• A gain on the sale of the remaining portion of our interest in ABS Investment Management Holdings LP and ABS Investment Management GP LLC (collectively, "ABS") in 2024. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information
• A loss related to the release of cumulative foreign exchange losses resulting from the redemption of our interest in Luminis in 2024. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information
• Gains (losses) resulting from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and foreign currency exchange forward contracts used as an economic hedge against exchange rate risk for foreign currency denominated accounts receivable or other commitments
• Realized and unrealized gains and losses on interests in private equity funds which we do not manage
• Adjustments to amounts due pursuant to our tax receivable agreement, subsequent to its initial establishment, related to changes in enacted tax rates
Interest Expense includes interest expense associated with our Notes Payable, lines of credit and other financing arrangements, including interest expense related to deferred acquisition consideration and mandatorily redeemable interests.
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits. We include all payments for services rendered by our employees, as well as profits interests in our businesses that have been accounted for as compensation, in employee compensation and benefits expense.
We maintain compensation programs, including base salary, cash, deferred cash and equity bonus awards and benefits programs and manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our level of compensation, including deferred compensation, reflects our plan to maintain competitive compensation levels to retain and attract key personnel, and it reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals upon their start date, including related grants of equity and other awards, which are generally valued at their grant date and recorded in employee compensation and benefits expense over the requisite service period.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts. See Item 1. "Business" for further information. In our advisory businesses, these hires, which begin their service throughout any given year, generally do not begin to generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
Our annual compensation program includes share-based compensation awards and deferred cash awards as a component of the annual bonus awards for certain employees. These awards, the amount granted of which is a function of performance and market conditions, are generally subject to annual vesting requirements over a four-year period beginning at the date of grant, which occurs in the first quarter of each year; accordingly, the expense is generally amortized over the stated vesting period, subject to retirement eligibility. With respect to annual awards, our retirement eligibility criteria generally stipulates that an employee is eligible for retirement if the employee has at least five years of continuous service, is at least 55 years of age and has a combined age and years of service of at least 65 years, or if an employee has at least 10 years of continuous service and is at least 60 years of age. Retirement eligibility allows for continued vesting of awards after employees depart from the Company, provided they give the minimum advance notice, which is generally six months to one year and comply with certain post-termination obligations.
We estimate forfeitures in the aggregate compensation cost to be amortized over the requisite service period of the awards. We periodically monitor our estimated forfeiture rate and adjust our assumptions to the actual occurrence of forfeited awards. A change in estimated forfeitures is recognized through a cumulative adjustment in the period of the change.
In January 2023, 2024 and 2025, our Board of Directors approved the issuance of Class L Interests of Evercore LP ("Class L Interests") to certain of our named executive officers, pursuant to which those named executive officers receive a discretionary distribution of profits from Evercore LP, paid in the first quarters of 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively.
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Distributions pursuant to these interests are made in lieu of any cash incentive compensation payments which may otherwise have been made to our named executive officers in respect of their service for 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. Following the distributions, the Class L Interests are cancelled pursuant to their terms. We record expense equal to the amount of these distributions in Employee Compensation and Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and reflect accrued liabilities related to these distributions in Accrued Compensation and Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
In January 2026, our Board of Directors approved the issuance of Class L Interests to certain of our named executive officers, pursuant to which those named executive officers may receive a discretionary distribution of profits from Evercore LP, to be paid in the first quarter of 2027. Distributions pursuant to these interests are anticipated to be made in lieu of any cash incentive compensation payments which may otherwise have been made to our named executive officers in respect of their service for 2026.
Our Long-term Incentive Plans provide for incentive compensation awards for Investment Banking Senior Managing Directors, excluding executive officers, who exceed defined benchmark results over four-year performance periods beginning January 1, 2017 (the "2017 Long-term Incentive Plan"), January 1, 2021 (the "2021 Long-term Incentive Plan") and January 1, 2025 (the "2025 Long-term Incentive Plan"). The performance period for the 2017 Long-term Incentive Plan ended on December 31, 2020 and in conjunction with this plan we made cash distributions in 2023, 2022 and 2021 and the performance period for the 2021 Long-term Incentive Plan ended on December 31, 2024 and in conjunction with this plan we made a cash distribution in 2025. Remaining amounts due pursuant to these plans are due to be paid in cash or Class A Shares, at our discretion, in the first quarter of 2026 and 2027, for the 2021 Long-term Incentive Plan, and in the first quarter of 2029, 2030 and 2031, for the 2025 Long-term Incentive Plan, subject to employment at the time of payment. We periodically assess the probability of the benchmarks being achieved and expense the probable payout over the requisite service period of the award.
From time to time, we also grant incentive awards to certain individuals which include both performance and service-based vesting requirements and, in certain awards, market-based requirements. These include Class K-P Units issued by Evercore LP ("Class K-P Units"), certain RSU and deferred cash awards, as well as awards issued in conjunction with the acquisition of Robey Warshaw in 2025. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
We believe that the ratio of Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense to Net Revenues is an important measure to assess the annual cost of compensation relative to performance and provides a meaningful basis for comparison of compensation and benefits expense between present, historical and future years.
Non-Compensation. Our Non-Compensation expenses include costs for occupancy and equipment rental, professional fees, travel and related expenses, technology and information services, depreciation and amortization, execution, clearing and custody fees, acquisition and transition costs and other operating expenses.
Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs. Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs, reflect the following:
• 2024 – Expenses related to the write-off of the remaining carrying value of our investment in Luminis in connection with the redemption of our interest
• 2023 – Expenses related to the write-off of non-recoverable assets in connection with the wind-down of our operations in Mexico
Income from Equity Method Investments
Our share of the income (loss) from our equity interests in Atalanta Sosnoff and Seneca Evercore, and our former equity interests in ABS (through July 2024) and Luminis (through September 2024) are included within Income from Equity Method Investments, as a component of Income Before Income Taxes, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Provision for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740"), which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Excess tax benefits and deficiencies associated with the appreciation or depreciation in our share price upon vesting of employee share-based awards above or below the original grant price are recognized in our Provision for Income Taxes. In
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addition, net deferred tax assets are impacted by changes to statutory tax rates in the period of enactment. See Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Noncontrolling Interest
We record noncontrolling interest relating to the ownership interests of certain of our current and former Senior Managing Directors and other officers and their estate planning vehicles in Evercore LP, as well as the portions of our operating subsidiaries not owned by Evercore. Evercore Inc. is the sole general partner of Evercore LP and has a majority economic interest in Evercore LP. As a result, Evercore Inc. consolidates Evercore LP and records a noncontrolling interest for the economic interest in Evercore LP held by the limited partners.
We generally allocate net income or loss to participating noncontrolling interests held at Evercore LP and at the operating entity level, where required, by multiplying the relative ownership interest of the noncontrolling interest holders for the period by the net income or loss of the entity to which the noncontrolling interest relates. In circumstances where the governing documents of the entity to which the noncontrolling interest relates require special allocations of profits or losses to the controlling and noncontrolling interest holders, the net income or loss of these entities is allocated based on these special allocations. See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that affected the revenue and operating expenses of our Investment Banking & Equities and Investment Management business segments in these periods, see the discussion in "Business Segments" below.
For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars and share amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues
Investment Banking & Equities:
Advisory Fees
Underwriting Fees
Commissions and Related Revenue
Asset Management and Administration Fees
Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments
Total Revenues
Interest Expense
Net Revenues
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits
Non-Compensation (1)
Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs
Total Expenses
Income Before Income from Equity Method Investments and Income Taxes
Income from Equity Method Investments
Income Before Income Taxes
Provision for Income Taxes
Net Income
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net Income Attributable to Evercore Inc.
Diluted Weighted Average Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding
Diluted Net Income Per Share Attributable to Evercore Inc. Common Shareholders
(1) Non-Compensation expenses are as follows:
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For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Non-Compensation
Occupancy and Equipment Rental
Professional Fees (A)
Travel and Related Expenses
Technology and Information Services (A)
Depreciation and Amortization
Execution, Clearing and Custody Fees
Acquisition and Transition Costs
Other Operating Expenses
Total Non-Compensation
(A) Includes the reclassification of $39.5 million and $35.1 million of technology and related expenses from "Professional Fees" to "Technology and Information Services" for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to conform to the current presentation. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
2025 versus 2024
Net Income Attributable to Evercore Inc. was $591.9 million in 2025, an increase of $213.6 million, or 56%, compared to $378.3 million in 2024. The changes in our operating results during these years are described below.
Net Revenues were $3.86 billion in 2025, an increase of $876.2 million, or 29%, versus Net Revenues of $2.98 billion in 2024. Advisory Fees increased $826.5 million, or 34%, Commissions and Related Revenue increased $28.6 million, or 13%, and Underwriting Fees increased $22.6 million, or 14%, compared to 2024. Asset Management and Administration Fees increased $7.8 million, or 10%, compared to 2024. See "Business Segments" and "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for further information.
Ot her Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, was $103.3 million in 2025, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 2%, versus $105.1 million in 2024, primarily reflecting lower performance of our investment funds portfolio. The decrease was partially offset by higher interest income resulting from higher average balances in interest-bearing assets. The investment funds portfolio is used as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program.
Interest Expense was $24.3 million in 2025, an increase of $7.5 million, or 45%, versus $16.8 million in 2024, reflecting the issuance of new senior notes in July 2025. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense was $2.50 billion in 2025, an increase of $526.8 million, or 27%, versus $1.97 billion in 2024. The increase in the amount of compensation recognized in 2025 principally reflects a higher accrual for incentive compensation, higher base salaries and higher amortization of prior period deferred compensation awards. The increase in 2025 also reflects compensation resulting from consideration awarded to the sellers as part of the acquisition of Robey Warshaw. Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense as a percentage of Net Revenues was 64.9% in 2025, compared to 66.3% in 2024. Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense as a percentage of Net Revenues was impacted by the factors above, as well as higher net revenues during the current year period compared to the prior year period.
Non-compensation expenses were $565.0 million in 2025, an increase of $93.7 million, or 20%, versus $471.3 million in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in technology and information services, principally reflecting higher expenses associated with research services, license fees and consulting costs, an increase in occupancy and equipment rental expense, primarily related to an increase in office space, and an increase in travel and related expenses, largely due to higher levels of business activity and increased headcount. Non-compensation expenses in 2025 were also impacted by Acquisition and Transition Costs resulting from the acquisition of Robey Warshaw and our reorganization of businesses within the Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") legal entity structure. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for further information. Non-Compensation expenses per employee were approximately $229.3 thousand for 2025, versus $204.5 thousand for 2024, a 12% increase.
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Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs, of $7.3 million in 2024 related to the write-off of the remaining carrying value of our investment in Luminis in connection with the redemption of our interest. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income from Equity Method Investments was $3.9 million in 2025, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 38%, versus $6.2 million in 2024, primarily reflecting the sale of our interest in ABS and the redemption of our interest in Luminis in 2024. This decrease was partially offset by higher earnings from Atalanta Sosnoff in 2025. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
The provision for income taxes in 2025 was $153.1 million, which reflected an effective tax rate of 19.3%. The provision for income taxes in 2024 was $115.4 million, which reflected an effective tax rate of 21.6%. The provision for income taxes in 2025 and 2024 principally reflects the net impact associated with the appreciation in our share price upon vesting of employee share-based awards above the original grant price of $78.5 million and $35.1 million, respectively, which resulted in a reduction in the effective tax rate of 9.9 and 6.6 percentage points in 2025 and 2024, respectively. This resulting decrease in effective tax rate was partially offset by an increase in non-deductible expenses and state and local apportionment adjustments in 2025.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest was $48.8 million in 2025, compared to $39.5 million in 2024. The increase in Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest primarily reflects higher income at Evercore LP in 2025. See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
For a discussion of 2024 versus 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Impairment of Assets
Goodwill
At both November 30, 2025 and 2024, in accordance with ASC 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other" ("ASC 350"), we performed our annual Goodwill impairment assessment with respect to each of our reporting units and concluded that the fair value of our reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values.
For a discussion of 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Impairment of Assets" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Other Assets
We recorded no impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. For a discussion of 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Impairment of Assets" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Business Segments
The following data presents revenue, expenses and contributions from our equity method investments by business segment.
Investment Banking & Equities
The following table summarizes the operating results of the Investment Banking & Equities segment.
For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenues
Investment Banking & Equities:
Advisory Fees
Underwriting Fees
Commissions and Related Revenue
Other Revenue, net (1)(2)
Net Revenues
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits
Non-Compensation (4)
Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs
Total Expenses
Operating Income
Income from Equity Method Investments (3)
Pre-Tax Income
(1) Includes interest expense on Notes Payable, lines of credit and other financing arrangements, including interest expense related to deferred acquisition consideration and mandatorily redeemable interests, all of which total $24.3 million, $16.8 million and $16.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(2) Includes a loss of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, related to the release of cumulative foreign exchange losses resulting from the redemption of our interest in Luminis.
(3) Equity in Seneca Evercore and Luminis (through September 2024) is classified within Income from Equity Method Investments.
(4) Non-Compensation expenses are as follows:
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For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Non-Compensation
Occupancy and Equipment Rental
Professional Fees (A)
Travel and Related Expenses
Technology and Information Services (A)
Depreciation and Amortization
Execution, Clearing and Custody Fees
Acquisition and Transition Costs
Other Operating Expenses
Total Non-Compensation
(A) Includes the reclassification of $38.5 million and $34.1 million of technology and related expenses from "Professional Fees" to "Technology and Information Services" in the Investment Banking & Equities segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to conform to the current presentation. See Notes 2 and 23 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
The following table summarizes Evercore statistics for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
Evercore Statistics
Total Number of Fees From Advisory and Underwriting Client Transactions (1)
Total Number of Fees of at Least $1 million from Advisory and Underwriting Client Transactions (1)
Total Number of Underwriting Transactions (1)
Total Number of Underwriting Transactions as a Bookrunner (1)
(1) Includes Equity and Debt Underwriting Transactions. Our Advisory statistics include M&A activity as well as other advisory assignments undertaken by the firm. See Item 1. "Business" in this Form 10-K for a description of Evercore's Investment Banking capabilities.
Investment Banking & Equities Results of Operations
2025 versus 2024
Net Revenues were $3.77 billion in 2025, an increase of $869.2 million, or 30%, versus $2.90 billion in 2024 . The increase in revenues from 2024 was primarily driven by an increase of $826.5 million, or 34%, in Advisory Fees, primarily reflecting an increase in revenue during 2025 across both M&A and non-M&A assignments, an increase in revenue earned from large transactions and an increase in the number of advisory fees earned during 2025. Commissions and Related Revenue increased $28.6 million, or 13%, compared to 2024, primarily reflecting higher trading commissions driven by increased trading volume and higher subscription fees during 2025. Underwriting Fees increased $22.6 million, or 14% , compared to 2024, reflecting an increase in the average fee size of the transactions we participated in during 2025. Other Revenue, net, decreased $8.5 million, or 10%, compared to 2024, primarily reflecting lower performance of our investment funds portfolio and an increase in interest expense related to the issuance of new senior notes in July 2025. These decreases were partially offset by higher interest income resulting from higher average balances in interest-bearing assets. The investment funds portfolio is used as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program.
Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense was $2.45 billion in 2025, an increase of $520.5 million, or 27%, versus $1.93 billion in 2024. The increase in the amount of compensation recognized in 2025 principally reflects a higher accrual for incentive compensation, higher base salaries and higher amortization of prior period deferred compensation awards. The
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increase in 2025 also reflects compensation resulting from consideration awarded to the sellers as part of the acquisition of Robey Warshaw.
Non-compensation expenses were $548.3 million in 2025, an increase of $92.0 million, or 20%, versus $456.3 million in 2024 . Non-compensation expenses increased from the prior year, primarily driven by an increase in technology and information services, principally reflecting higher expenses associated with research services, license fees and consulting costs, an increase in occupancy and equipment rental expense, primarily related to an increase in office space, and an increase in travel and related expenses, largely due to higher levels of business activity and increased headcount. Non-compensation expenses in 2025 were also impacted by Acquisition and Transition Costs resulting from the acquisition of Robey Warshaw and our reorganization of businesses within the EMEA legal entity structure. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Special Charges, Including Business Realignment Costs, of $7.3 million in 2024 related to the write-off of the remaining carrying value of our investment in Luminis in connection with the redemption of our interest. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income from Equity Method Investments was $0.01 million in 2025, a decrease of $1.1 million versus $1.1 million in 2024, reflecting lower income from Luminis following the redemption of our interest in 2024 and lower earnings from Seneca Evercore during 2025. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
For a discussion of 2024 versus 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Investment Management
The following table summarizes the operating results of the Investment Management segment.
For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenues
Asset Management and Administration Fees:
Wealth Management
Other Revenue, net (1)
Net Revenues
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits
Non-Compensation (3)
Total Expenses
Operating Income
Income from Equity Method Investments (2)
Pre-Tax Income
(1) Includes a gain of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting from the sale of the remaining portion of our interest in ABS.
(2) Equity in Atalanta Sosnoff and ABS (through July 2024) is classified as Income from Equity Method Investments.
(3) Non-Compensation expenses are as follows:
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For the Years Ended December 31,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Non-Compensation
Occupancy and Equipment Rental
Professional Fees (A)
Travel and Related Expenses
Technology and Information Services (A)
Depreciation and Amortization
Execution, Clearing and Custody Fees
Other Operating Expenses
Total Operating Expenses
(A) Includes the reclassification of $1.0 million and $0.9 million of technology and related expenses from "Professional Fees" to "Technology and Information Services" in the Investment Management segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to conform to the current presentation. See Notes 2 and 23 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Investment Management Results of Operations
Our Investment Management segment includes the following:
• Wealth Management – conducted through EWM and ETC. Fee-based revenues from EWM are primarily earned on a percentage of AUM, while ETC primarily earns fees from negotiated trust services.
• Private Equity – conducted through our investment interests in private equity funds. We maintain a limited partner's interest in Glisco Partners II, L.P. ("Glisco II"), Glisco Partners III, L.P. ("Glisco III") and Glisco Capital Partners IV, L.P. ("Glisco IV", and together with Glisco II and Glisco III, the "Glisco Funds"), as well as Glisco Manager Holdings LP and the general partners of the Glisco Funds. We receive our portion of the management fees earned by Glisco Partners Inc. ("Glisco") from Glisco Manager Holdings LP. We are passive investors and do not participate in the management of any Glisco sponsored funds. We are also passive investors in Trilantic Capital Partners Associates IV, L.P. (through December 2025) and Trilantic Capital Partners V, L.P. In the event the private equity funds perform below certain thresholds, we may be obligated to repay certain carried interest previously distributed. As of December 31, 2025, there was no previously distributed carried interest received from the funds subject to repayment.
• We also hold an interest in Atalanta Sosnoff that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and previously held an interest in ABS (through July 2024). The results of these investments are included within Income from Equity Method Investments. During 2024, we sold the remaining portion of our interest in ABS. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Assets Under Management
AUM in our Wealth Management business of $15.5 billion at December 31, 2025 increased $1.6 billion, or 12% , compared to $13.9 billion at December 31, 2024. The amounts of AUM presented in the table below reflect the fair value of assets which we manage on behalf of Wealth Management clients. As defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC 820"), valuations performed for Level 1 investments are based on quoted prices obtained from active markets generated by third parties and Level 2 investments are valued through the use of models based on either direct or indirect observable inputs or other valuation methodologies performed by third parties to determine fair value. For both the Level 1 and Level 2 investments, we obtain both active quotes from nationally recognized exchanges and third-party pricing services to determine market or fair value quotes, respectively. For Level 3 investments, pricing inputs are unobservable for the investment and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Wealth Management maintained 78% and 77% of Level 1 investments, 18% and 19% of Level 2 investments and 4% and 4% of Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The fees that we receive for providing investment advisory and management services are primarily driven by the level and composition of AUM. Accordingly, client flows, market movements, and changes in our product mix will impact the level of
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management fees we receive from our Wealth Management business. Fees vary with the type of assets managed and the channel in which they are managed, with higher fees earned on equity assets and alternative investment funds, such as hedge funds and private equity funds, and lower fees earned on fixed income and cash management products. Clients will increase or reduce the aggregate amount of AUM that we manage for a number of reasons, including changes in the level of assets that they have available for investment purposes, their overall asset allocation strategy, our relative performance versus competitors offering similar investment products and the quality of our service. The fees we earn are also impacted by our investment performance, as the appreciation or depreciation in the value of the assets that we manage directly impacts our fees.
The following table summarizes AUM activity for Wealth Management for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
(dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2023
Inflows
Outflows
Market Appreciation
Balance at December 31, 2024
Inflows
Outflows
Market Appreciation
Balance at December 31, 2025
Unconsolidated Affiliates - Balance at December 31, 2025
Atalanta Sosnoff
The following table represents the composition of AUM for Wealth Management as of December 31, 2025:
Equities
Fixed Income
Liquidity (1)
Alternatives
Total
(1) Includes cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury securities.
Our Wealth Management business serves individuals, families and related institutions delivering customized investment management, financial planning, and trust and custody services. Investment portfolios are tailored to meet the investment objectives of individual clients and reflect a blend of equity, fixed income and other products. Fees charged to clients reflect the composition of the assets managed and the services provided. Investment performance in the Wealth Management business is measured against appropriate indices based on the composition of AUM, most frequently the S&P 500 and a composite fixed income index principally reflecting BarCap and MSCI indices.
In 2025, AUM for Wealth Management increased 12% , reflecting a 10% increase from market appreciation and a 2% increase from net inflows . Performance as of December 31, 2025 reflected:
• Wealth Management lagged the S&P 500 on a 1 and 3-year basis by approximately 7% and 5%, respectively
◦ The S&P 500 was up approximately 18% and 23% on a 1 and 3-year basis, respectively
• Wealth Management lagged the fixed income composite on a 1-year basis by approximately 0.5% and outperformed the fixed income composite on a 3-year basis by approximately 0.3%
◦ The fixed income composite was up approximately 5% and 3% on a 1 and 3-year basis, respectively
In 2024, AUM for Wealth Management increased 13% , reflecting an 11% increase due to market appreciation and a 2% increase due to net inflows . Performance as of December 31, 2024 reflected:
• Wealth Management lagged the S&P 500 on a 1 and 3-year basis by approximately 11% and 5%, respectively
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◦ The S&P 500 was up approximately 25% and 9% on a 1 and 3-year basis, respectively
• Wealth Management outperformed the fixed income composite on a 1 and 3-year basis by approximately 1% and 0.5%, respectively
◦ The fixed income composite was down approximately 0.2% and 0.5% on a 1 and 3-year basis, respectively
AUM from our unconsolidated affiliate, Atalanta Sosnoff, increased 12% compared to December 31, 2024.
2025 versus 2024
Net Revenues were $88.2 million in 2025, an increase of $7.1 million, or 9%, versus $81.1 million in 2024. Asset Management and Administration Fees earned from the management of Wealth Management client portfolios increased $7.8 million, or 10%, compared to 2024, as associated AUM increased 12%, primarily from market appreciation as well as net inflows.
Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense was $52.4 million in 2025, an increase of $6.3 million, or 14%, versus $46.1 million in 2024, primarily reflecting higher base salaries and a higher accrual for incentive compensation, resulting from higher headcount.
Non-Compensation expenses were $16.7 million in 2025, an increase of $1.7 million, or 11%, versus $15.1 million in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in technology and information services and travel and related expenses.
Income from Equity Method Investments was $3.9 million in 2025, a decrease of $1.3 million, or 25%, versus $5.2 million in 2024, primarily reflecting the sale of the remaining portion of our interest in ABS in 2024. This decrease was partially offset by higher earnings from Atalanta Sosnoff in 2025. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
For a discussion of 2024 versus 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Cash Flows
Our operating cash flows are primarily influenced by the timing and receipt of fees and the payment of operating expenses, including incentive compensation to our employees and interest expense on our Notes Payable, lines of credit and other financing arrangements, and the payment of income taxes. Advisory and Underwriting fees are generally collected within 90 days of invoice. Placement fees are generally collected within 180 days of invoice and a portion of certain fees primarily related to private funds capital raising and the private capital businesses may be collected in a period exceeding one year. Commissions earned from our agency trading activities are generally received from our clearing broker within 11 days. Fees from our Wealth Management business are generally invoiced and collected within 90 days. We traditionally pay a substantial portion of incentive compensation during the first three months of each calendar year with respect to the prior year's results and prior years' deferred compensation. Likewise, payments to fund investments related to hedging our deferred cash compensation plans are generally funded in the first three months of each calendar year. Our investing and financing cash flows are primarily influenced by activities to invest our cash in highly liquid securities or bank certificates of deposit, deploy capital to fund investments and acquisitions, repurchase outstanding Class A Shares (including for the net settlement of RSUs) and/or noncontrolling interest in Evercore LP, as well as our other subsidiaries, payment of dividends, other periodic distributions to our stakeholders and to raise capital through the issuance of stock or debt. We generally make dividend payments and other distributions on a quarterly basis. If required, we may periodically draw down on our lines of credit to balance the timing of our operating, investing and financing cash flow needs. A summary of our operating, investing and financing cash flows is as follows:
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For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Cash Provided By (Used In)
Operating activities:
Net income
Non-cash charges
Other operating activities
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Beginning of Period
End of Period
2025. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash were $1.4 billion at December 31, 2025, an increase of $554.0 million versus Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash of $882.1 million at December 31, 2024. Operating activities resulted in a net inflow of $1.3 billion, primarily related to earnings. Cash of $98.3 million was used by investing activities, primarily related to purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements and net purchases of investment securities, partially offset by net proceeds from maturities of certificates of deposit and net cash acquired from the acquisition of Robey Warshaw. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for further information. Financing activities during the period used cash of $635.6 million, primarily for purchases of treasury stock (including for the net settlement of RSUs) and noncontrolling interests, the payment of dividends, the $38.0 million repayment of our 1.97% Series I senior notes which were due August 1, 2025 (the "Series I Notes" or the "2021 Private Placement Notes") and distributions made to noncontrolling interest holders, partially offset by the $250.0 million issuance of our $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.17% Series K senior notes due July 24, 2030 (the "Series K Notes") and $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.47% Series L senior notes due July 24, 2032 (the "Series L Notes" and together with the Series K Notes, the "2025 Private Placement Notes"). Cash is also impacted due to the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuation when translating non-U.S. currencies to U.S. Dollars.
2024. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash were $882.1 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $276.6 million versus Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash of $605.5 million at December 31, 2023. Operating activities resulted in a net inflow of $988.2 million, primarily related to earnings. Cash of $67.4 million was used by investing activities, primarily related to net purchases of investment securities and certificates of deposit and purchases of equipment and leasehold improvements, partially offset by proceeds received from the sale of the remaining portion of our interest in ABS during 2024. Financing activities during the period used cash of $628.6 million, primarily for purchases of treasury stock (including for the net settlement of RSUs) and noncontrolling interests, the payment of dividends and distributions made to noncontrolling interest holders. Cash is also impacted due to the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuation when translating non-U.S. currencies to U.S. Dollars.
For a discussion of 2023, refer to Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Cash Flows" in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our current assets principally include Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investment Securities and Certificates of Deposit, Accounts Receivable and contract assets, included in Other Current Assets, relating to revenues from our Investment Banking & Equities and Investment Management segments. Our current liabilities principally include accrued expenses, accrued liabilities, accrued employee compensation and short-term borrowings. We traditionally have made payments for employee bonus awards and year-end distributions to partners in the first quarter of the year with respect to the prior year's results. In addition, payments in respect of deferred cash compensation arrangements and related investments are also made in the first
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quarter. From time to time, advances and/or commitments may also be granted to new employees at or near the date they begin employment, or to existing employees for the purpose of incentive or retention. Cash distributions related to partnership tax allocations are made to the partners of Evercore LP and certain other entities in accordance with our corporate estimated payment calendar; these payments are generally made quarterly. In addition, dividends on Class A Shares, and related distributions to partners of Evercore LP, are paid when and if declared by the Board of Directors, which is generally quarterly.
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash, other significant working capital, current assets and liabilities, long-term liabilities, lease commitments and related fixed assets, principal investment commitments related to our Investment Management business, dividends on Class A Shares, partnership distributions and other capital transactions, as well as other matters relating to liquidity and compliance with capital requirements and restrictions of our regulated legal entities. Our liquidity is highly dependent on our revenue stream from our operations, principally from our Investment Banking & Equities segment, which is primarily a function of closing client transactions and earning success fees, the timing and realization of which is irregular and dependent upon factors that are not subject to our control. Our revenue stream funds the payment of our expenses, including annual bonus payments, a portion of which are guaranteed, deferred compensation arrangements, interest expense on our Notes Payable, lines of credit and other financing arrangements, as well as payments for income taxes. Payments made for income taxes may be reduced by deductions taken for the increase in tax basis of our investment in Evercore LP. Certain of these tax deductions, when realized, require payment under our long-term liability, Amounts Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreements. We intend to fund these payments from cash and cash equivalents on hand, principally derived from cash flows from operations. These tax deductions, when realized, will result in cash otherwise required to satisfy tax obligations becoming available for other purposes. Our Management Committee meets regularly to monitor our liquidity and cash positions against our short and long-term obligations, as well as our capital requirements and commitments, including deferred compensation arrangements. The result of this review contributes to management's recommendation to the Board of Directors as to the level of quarterly dividend payments, if any, as well as the level of long-term borrowings required.
As a financial services firm, our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions throughout the world. Revenue generated by our advisory activities is related to the number and value of the transactions in which we are involved. In addition, revenue related to our equities business is driven by market volumes and institutional investor trends, such as the trend to passive investment strategies. During periods of unfavorable market or economic conditions - which may result from the current or anticipated impact of tariffs and inflation, changes in the level of interest rates, changes in the availability of financing, supply chain disruptions, an evolving regulatory environment, climate change, extreme weather events or natural disasters, the emergence or continuation of widespread health emergencies or pandemics, cyberattacks or campaigns, military conflict, including escalating international tensions, terrorism or other geopolitical events - the number and value of M&A transactions, as well as issuance volumes in capital markets, generally decrease, and they generally increase during periods of favorable market or economic conditions. Restructuring activity generally is counter-cyclical to M&A activity. In addition, during periods of unfavorable market conditions our Investment Management business may be impacted by reduced equity valuations and generate relatively lower revenue because fees we receive, either directly or through our affiliates, typically are in part based on the market value of underlying publicly-traded securities. Our profitability may also be adversely affected by our fixed costs and the possibility that we would be unable to scale back other costs within a time frame, and in an amount sufficient, to match any decreases in revenue relating to changes in market and economic conditions. Likewise, our liquidity may be adversely impacted by our contractual obligations, including lease obligations and obligations to pay principal and interest on our Notes Payable. Reduced equity valuations resulting from future adverse economic events and/or market conditions may impact our performance and may result in future net redemptions of AUM from our Investment Management clients, which would generally result in lower revenues and cash flows. These adverse conditions could also have an impact on our goodwill impairment assessment, which is done annually, as of November 30 th , or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred.
Geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty remain present and have led to market volatility. These evolving conditions may impact the transaction environment in the near to medium term and/or impact the timing of transaction closings. We will continue to assess the potential ongoing impacts of these factors, including the regular monitoring of our cash levels, liquidity, regulatory capital requirements, debt covenants and our other contractual obligations. See "Results of Operations" above for further information.
We assess each of our equity method investments for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. These circumstances could include unfavorable market conditions or the loss of key personnel of the investee.
For a further discussion of risks related to our business, refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K.
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Treasury Purchases
We periodically repurchase Class A Shares and/or LP Units into Treasury (including through the net settlement of equity awards) in order to offset the dilutive effect of equity awards granted as compensation (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for further information), or amounts in excess of that if management's review, discussed above, determines adequate cash is available. The amount of cash required for these share repurchases is a function of the mix of equity and deferred cash compensation awarded for the annual bonus awards (see further discussion on deferred compensation under Other Commitments below). In addition, we may, from time to time, purchase noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries.
On April 29, 2025, our Board of Directors authorized (in addition to the net settlement of equity awards) the repurchase of Class A Shares and/or LP Units so that from that date forward, we are able to repurchase an aggregate of the lesser of $1.6 billion worth of Class A Shares and/or LP Units and 8.0 million Class A Shares and/or LP Units. Under this share repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual amount of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including our liquidity position, legal requirements, price, economic and market conditions and the objective to reduce the dilutive effect of equity awards granted as compensation to employees. This program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. During 2025, we repurchased 1,443,097 Class A Shares, at an average cost per share of $269.74, for $389.3 million, pursuant to our repurchase program.
In addition, we periodically buy shares into treasury from our employees in order to allow them to satisfy their minimum tax requirements for share deliveries under our share equity plan. During 2025, we repurchased 955,361 Class A Shares, at an average cost per share of $284.01, for $271.3 million, primarily related to minimum tax withholding requirements of share deliveries.
The aggregate 2,398,458 Class A Shares repurchased during 2025 were acquired for aggregate purchase consideration of $660.6 million, at an average cost per share of $275.42.
Private Placement Notes
On March 30, 2016, we issued an aggregate of $170.0 million of senior notes, including: $38.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.88% Series A senior notes which were due and repaid on March 30, 2021 (the "Series A Notes"), $67.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.23% Series B senior notes which were originally due March 30, 2023 and prepaid on June 28, 2022 (the "Series B Notes"), $48.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.48% Series C senior notes due March 30, 2026 (the "Series C Notes") and $17.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.58% Series D senior notes due March 30, 2028 (the "Series D Notes" and together with the Series A Notes, the Series B Notes and the Series C Notes, the "2016 Private Placement Notes"), pursuant to a note purchase agreement dated as of March 30, 2016 (the "2016 Note Purchase Agreement") and amended on July 10, 2025, among the Company and the purchasers party thereto in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.
On August 1, 2019, we issued $175.0 million and £25.0 million of senior unsecured notes through private placement. These notes include: $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.34% Series E senior notes due August 1, 2029 (the "Series E Notes"), $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.44% Series F senior notes due August 1, 2031 (the "Series F Notes"), $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.54% Series G senior notes due August 1, 2033 (the "Series G Notes") and £25.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.33% Series H senior notes due August 1, 2033 (the "Series H Notes" and together with the Series E Notes, the Series F Notes and the Series G Notes, the "2019 Private Placement Notes"), each of which were issued pursuant to a note purchase agreement dated as of August 1, 2019 (the "2019 Note Purchase Agreement") and amended on July 10, 2025, among the Company and the purchasers party thereto in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.
On March 29, 2021, we issued $38.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 1.97% Series I Notes which were due August 1, 2025, pursuant to a note purchase agreement dated as of March 29, 2021 (the "2021 Note Purchase Agreement"), among the Company and the purchasers party thereto in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. In August 2025, we repaid the $38.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Series I Notes.
On June 28, 2022, we issued $67.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.61% Series J senior notes due November 15, 2028 (the "Series J Notes" or the "2022 Private Placement Notes"), pursuant to a note purchase agreement dated as of June 28, 2022 (the "2022 Note Purchase Agreement") and amended on July 10, 2025, among the Company and the purchasers party thereto in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.
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On July 24, 2025, we issued an aggregate of $250.0 million of senior notes, including: $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.17% Series K Notes and $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.47% Series L Notes, pursuant to a note purchase agreement dated as of July 10, 2025 (the "2025 Note Purchase Agreement"), among the Company and the purchasers party thereto in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the 2025 Private Placement Notes to repay certain maturing notes issued under prior note purchase agreements. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.
Interest on the above issuances is payable semi-annually and the notes are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries. We may, at our option, prepay all, or from time to time any part of, the notes (without regard to Series), in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of each of the individual issuances then outstanding at 100% of the principal amount thereof plus an applicable "make-whole amount." The 2025 Private Placement Notes also allow for prepayment within six months of maturity without an applicable "make-whole amount." Upon the occurrence of a change of control, the holders of the notes will have the right to require us to prepay the entire unpaid principal amounts held by each holder of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the prepayment date. The respective Note Purchase Agreements contain customary covenants, including financial covenants requiring compliance with a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum interest coverage ratio, and customary events of default. Interest on the notes is subject to certain escalation provisions in the event that the leverage ratio exceeds certain thresholds. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all of these covenants.
Lines of Credit
On July 10, 2025, we amended our $85.0 million revolving credit facility Evercore Partners Services East L.L.C. ("East") held with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC") such that the aggregate principal amount was increased to up to $225.0 million (the "PNC Facility") to be used for working capital and other corporate activities. The facility is unsecured. In addition, the agreement contains certain reporting covenants, as well as certain debt covenants, that prohibit East and us from incurring other indebtedness, subject to specified exceptions. We and our consolidated subsidiaries were in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2025. Drawings for this facility bear interest at Daily SOFR plus 130 basis points and the maturity date was extended to July 10, 2028. There were no drawings under this facility at December 31, 2025.
EGL maintains a subordinated revolving credit facility with PNC, as amended on October 10, 2025, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million, to be used as needed in support of capital requirements from time to time of EGL. This facility is unsecured and is guaranteed by Evercore LP and other affiliates, pursuant to a guaranty agreement, which provides for certain reporting requirements and debt covenants consistent with the PNC Facility. The interest rate provisions are Daily SOFR plus 130 basis points and the maturity date is October 10, 2029. There were no drawings under this facility at December 31, 2025.
In addition, EGL's clearing broker provides temporary funding for the settlement of securities transactions.
Other Commitments
We have long-term obligations for operating lease commitments, principally related to office space, which expire on various dates through 2035. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements for anticipated current and future payments under these arrangements.
We have a long-term liability, Amounts Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreements, which requires payments to certain current and former Senior Managing Directors. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements.
Pursuant to deferred compensation and deferred consideration arrangements, we expect to make cash payments in future periods, including related to our Long-term Incentive Plans, Deferred Cash Compensation Program and other deferred compensation arrangements. Further, we make investments to hedge the economic risk of amounts due under our Deferred Cash Compensation Program. For further information, including timing of payments, see Notes 8 and 18 to our consolidated financial statements.
Certain of our subsidiaries are regulated entities and are subject to capital requirements. For further information see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements.
We had total commitments (not reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition) relating to future capital contributions to private equity funds of $2.5 million and $2.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We may be required to fund these commitments at any time through June 2028, depending on the timing and level of investments by the
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private equity funds. We expect to fund these commitments with cash flows from operations. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
We entered into commitments to pay additional consideration, including contingent consideration and certain other contingent compensation arrangements, related to our acquisition of Robey Warshaw in 2025. See Notes 5 and 18 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
We do not invest in any off-balance sheet vehicles that provide liquidity, capital resources, market or credit risk support, or engage in any leasing activities that expose us to any liability that is not reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2025, our current and former Senior Managing Directors owned an aggregate of approximately 1.2 million vested Class A LP Units, 0.3 million vested Class E LP Units, 0.4 million vested Class I LP Units and 0.7 million vested Class K LP Units. In addition, 0.7 million unvested Class K-P Units, which convert into a number of Class K LP Units based on the achievement of certain market and service conditions and defined benchmark results, were outstanding as of December 31, 2025. We have an obligation to exchange vested Class A, E, I and K LP Units to Class A Common Stock upon the request of the holder. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2025 included $1.43 billion of Cash and Cash Equivalents and $1.58 billion of Investment Securities and Certificates of Deposit, which are generally comprised of highly-liquid investments. For further information regarding other cash commitments and the timing of payments, refer to "General" above.
Market Risk and Credit Risk
We, in general, are not a capital-intensive organization and as such, are not subject to significant market or credit risks. Nevertheless, we have established procedures to assess both the market and credit risk, as well as specific investment risk, exchange rate risk and credit risk related to receivables.
Market and Investment Risk
We hold equity securities and invest in exchange-traded funds principally as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program. As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of our investments with these products, based on closing prices, was $175.8 million. We had net realized and unrealized gains of $25.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from our exchange-traded funds portfolio. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
We estimate that a hypothetical 10%, 20% and 30% adverse change in the market value of the investments would have resulted in a decrease in pre-tax income of approximately $17.6 million, $35.2 million and $52.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Private Equity Funds
Through our principal investments in private equity funds and our ability to earn carried interest from these funds, we face exposure to changes in the estimated fair value of the companies in which these funds invest. Valuations and analysis regarding our investments in Trilantic and Glisco are performed by their respective professionals, and thus we are not involved in determining the fair value for the portfolio companies of such funds. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
We estimate that a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the value of the private equity funds would have resulted in a decrease in pre-tax income of approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Exchange Rate Risk
We have foreign operations, through our subsidiaries and affiliates, primarily in Europe and Asia, as well as provide services to clients in other jurisdictions, which creates foreign exchange rate risk. We have not entered into any transactions to hedge our exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations in these subsidiaries through the use of derivative instruments or otherwise. An appreciation or depreciation of any of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar would result in an adverse or beneficial impact to our financial results. A significant portion of our non-U.S. revenues and expenses have been, and will continue to be, derived from contracts denominated in foreign currencies (i.e. British Pounds sterling, Euros, Singapore dollars, among others). Historically, the value of these foreign currencies has fluctuated relative to the U.S. dollar. For the year ended
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December 31, 2025, the net impact of the fluctuation of foreign currencies recorded in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) within the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income was a gain of $24.9 million, net of tax. It is generally not our intention to hedge our foreign currency exposure in these subsidiaries, and we will reevaluate this policy from time to time.
Periodically, we enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts as an economic hedge against exchange rate risk for foreign currency denominated accounts receivable or other commitments.
During 2025, we entered into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to buy 200.0 million British Pounds sterling for $270.6 million and to sell 71.3 million British Pounds sterling for $96.4 million, both of which settled in 2025. We recorded a net loss on these contracts of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which is included within Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
During the first quarter of 2023, we entered into a foreign currency exchange forward contract to buy 30.0 million British Pounds sterling for $36.9 million, which settled during the third quarter of 2023, and resulted in a loss of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is included within Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Upon settlement, we entered into a foreign currency exchange forward contract to buy 30.0 million British Pounds sterling for $36.7 million, which settled during 2024, and resulted in a loss of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which is included within Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Credit Risks
We maintain cash and cash equivalents, as well as certificates of deposit, with financial institutions with high credit ratings. At times, we may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured ("FDIC") limits or enter into sweep arrangements where banks will periodically transfer a portion of our excess cash position to a money market fund. However, we believe that we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions or investment vehicles in which those deposits are held.
Accounts Receivable consists primarily of advisory fees and expense reimbursements billed to our clients. Other Assets includes long-term receivables primarily from certain fees related to private funds capital raising and the private capital businesses. Receivables are reported net of any allowance for credit losses. We maintain an allowance for credit losses to provide coverage for probable losses from our customer receivables and determine the adequacy of the allowance by estimating the probability of loss based on our analysis of historical credit loss experience of our client receivables, and taking into consideration current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Our receivables collection periods generally are within 90 days of invoice, with the exception of placement fees, which are generally collected within 180 days of invoice, and certain fees primarily related to private funds capital raising and the private capital businesses, a portion of which may be collected in a period exceeding one year. The collection period for liability management and restructuring transaction receivables may exceed 90 days. We recorded bad debt expense of $5.6 million, $2.3 million and $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, total receivables recorded in Accounts Receivable amounted to $555.8 million and $421.5 million, respectively, net of an allowance for credit losses, and total receivables recorded in Other Assets amounted to $129.9 million and $101.3 million, respectively.
Other Current Assets and Other Assets include arrangements in which an estimate of variable consideration has been included in the transaction price and thereby recognized as revenue that precedes the contractual due date (contract assets). As of December 31, 2025, total contract assets recorded in Other Current Assets and Other Assets amounted to $147.4 million and $27.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, total contract assets recorded in Other Current Assets and Other Assets amounted to $62.4 million and $14.5 million, respectively.
With respect to our Investment Securities portfolio, which is comprised primarily of U.S. Treasury securities, exchange-traded funds and securities investments, we manage our credit risk exposure by limiting concentration risk and maintaining investment grade credit quality. As of December 31, 2025, we had Investment Securities of $1.54 billion, of which 89% were U.S. Treasury securities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The consolidated financial statements included in this report are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions regarding future events that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated
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financial statements and their notes, including reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue recognition under ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provides a five step model to revenue recognition as follows:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Step 3: Determine the transaction price
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation
We apply this model to revenue streams from our Investment Banking & Equities and Investment Management segments.
Investment Banking & Equities Revenue
We earn fees from clients for providing advisory services on strategic matters, including mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, leveraged buyouts, liability management and restructurings, activism and defense and similar corporate finance matters. Our Investment Banking & Equities segment also includes services related to securities underwriting, private placement services and commissions for agency-based equity trading services and equity research. Revenue is recognized as we satisfy performance obligations, upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these services. Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple services to a customer. Determining whether services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For performance obligations satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires us to make significant judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. For certain advisory services, we have concluded that performance obligations are satisfied over time. This is based on the premise that we transfer control of services and the client simultaneously receives benefits from these services over the course of an engagement. For performance obligations satisfied at a point in time, determining when control transfers requires us to make significant judgments that affect the timing of when revenue is recognized.
In general, advisory fees are paid at the time we sign an engagement letter, during the course of the engagement or when an engagement is completed. In some circumstances, and as a function of the terms of an engagement letter, we may receive fixed retainer fees for financial advisory services concurrent with, or soon after, the execution of the engagement letter or over the course of the engagement, where the engagement letter will specify a future service period associated with those fees. We may also receive announcement fees upon announcement of a transaction in addition to success fees upon closing of a transaction or another defined outcome, both of which represent variable consideration. This variable consideration will be included in the transaction price, as defined, and recognized as revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. When assessing probability, we apply careful analysis and judgment to the remaining factors necessary for completion of a transaction, including factors outside of our control. A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons which are outside of our control, including failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing, to achieve necessary regulatory approvals, or due to adverse market conditions. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees may be subject to approval of the court.
With respect to retainer, announcement and success fees in M&A transactions, there are no distinct performance obligations aside from advisory activities, which are generally focused on achieving a milestone (typically, the announcement and/or the closing of a transaction). These advisory services are provided over time throughout the contract period. We recognize revenue when distinct services are performed and when it is probable that a reversal of revenue will not occur, which is generally upon the announcement or closing of a transaction. Accordingly, in any given period, advisory fees recognized for certain transactions may relate to services performed in prior periods. In circumstances in which retainer fees are received in advance of services, these fees are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability), which is recorded in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and subsequently recognized in Advisory Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the applicable time period within which the service is rendered.
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Announcement fees for advisory services are recognized upon announcement (the point at which it is determined that the reversal of revenue is not probable) and all other requirements for revenue recognition are satisfied. A portion of the announcement fee may be deferred based on the services remaining to be completed, if any. Success fees for advisory services, such as M&A advice, are recognized when it is determined that the reversal of revenue is not probable and all other requirements for revenue recognition are satisfied, which is generally at closing of the transaction.
With respect to fairness or valuation opinions, fees are fixed and there is a distinct performance obligation, since the opinion is rendered separate from any other advisory activities. Revenues related to fairness or valuation opinions are recognized at the point in time when the opinion has been rendered and delivered to the client. In the event we were to receive an opinion or success fee in advance of the completion conditions noted above, such fee would initially be recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and subsequently recognized in Advisory Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the conditions of completion have been satisfied.
Placement fee revenues are attributable to capital raising for both corporations and financial sponsors. We recognize placement fees in accordance with the terms of the engagement letter, which are generally contingent on the achievement of a capital commitment by an investor, at the time of the client's acceptance of capital or capital commitments.
Underwriting fees are attributable to public and private offerings of equity and debt securities and are recognized at the point in time when the offering has been deemed to be completed by the lead manager of the underwriting group, or in the case of certain ongoing issuances when the sale of the securities has occurred. When the offering is completed, the performance obligation has been satisfied and we recognize the applicable management fee, selling concession, sales agent commission or placement agent fee. Offering expenses are presented gross in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We also manage assignments involving the exchange of an issuer's securities where fees are recognized when earned.
Commissions and Related Revenue include commissions received from customers for the execution of agency-based brokerage transactions in listed and over-the-counter equities. The execution of each trade order represents a distinct performance obligation and the transaction price at the point in time of trade order execution is fixed. Trade execution is satisfied at the point in time that the customer has control of the asset and as such, fees are recorded on a trade date basis or, in the case of payments under commission sharing arrangements, when earned. We also earn subscription fees for the sale of research, as well as revenues from trades primarily executed on a riskless principal basis. The delivery of research under subscription arrangements represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The fees are fixed and are recognized over the period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. Cash received before the subscription period ends is initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and is recognized in Commissions and Related Revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related services are rendered.
Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment Management Revenue
Our Investment Management segment generates revenues from the management of client assets and through interests in private equity funds which we do not manage. Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple services to a customer. Determining whether services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For performance obligations satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires us to make significant judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
Asset management fees for third-party clients are generally based on the value of the assets under management and any performance fees that may be negotiated with the client. The management of asset portfolios represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. These fees are generally recognized over the period that the related services are provided and in which the performance obligation is satisfied, based upon the beginning, ending or average value of the assets for the relevant period. Fees paid in advance of services rendered are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability), which is recorded in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and are recognized in Asset Management and Administration Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related service is rendered.
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Fees generated for serving as an independent fiduciary and/or trustee are either based on a flat fee, are pre-negotiated with the client or are based on the value of assets under administration. The management of assets under administration represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time. For ongoing engagements, fees are billed monthly or quarterly either in advance or in arrears. Fees paid in advance of services rendered and satisfaction of the performance obligation are initially recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and are recognized in Asset Management and Administration Fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the period in which the related services are rendered and the performance obligation is satisfied.
Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets
Accounts Receivable consists primarily of investment banking fees and expense reimbursements charged to our clients. We record accounts receivable, net of any allowance for credit losses, when relevant revenue recognition criteria has been achieved and payment is conditioned on the passage of time. We maintain an allowance for credit losses to provide coverage for estimated losses from our client receivables. In accordance with ASC 326, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ", we determine the adequacy of the allowance by estimating the probability of loss based on our analysis of historical credit loss experience of our client receivables, and taking into consideration current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. We have determined that long-term forecasted information is not relevant to our fee receivables, which are primarily short-term. We update our average credit loss rates periodically and maintain a quarterly allowance review process to consider current factors that would require an adjustment to the credit loss allowance. In addition, we periodically perform a qualitative assessment to monitor risks associated with current and forecasted conditions that may require an adjustment to the expected credit loss rates. Expected credit losses for financial assets and changes to expected credit losses during the period are recognized in earnings.
Our receivables collection periods are generally within 90 days of invoice, with the exception of placement fees, which are generally collected within 180 days of invoice, and certain fees primarily related to private funds capital raising and the private capital businesses, a portion of which may be collected in a period exceeding one year. The collection period for liability management and restructuring transaction receivables may exceed 90 days. Receivables that are collected in a period exceeding one year are reflected in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
We record contract assets within Other Current Assets and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition when payment is due from a client conditioned on future performance or the occurrence of other events. We also recognize a contract asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the benefit of those costs is expected to be longer than one year. We apply a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract as incurred when the amortization period is one year or less.
Valuation
The valuation of our investments in securities and of our investments in private equity funds which we do not manage impacts both the carrying value of direct investments and the determination of management and performance fees, including carried interest. Per ASC 820, we disclose information about financial instruments carried at fair value, including their classification in the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 investments include U.S. Treasury securities, readily-marketable equity securities and investment funds. Level 2 investments include our foreign currency exchange forward contracts. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had no Level 3 investments carried at fair value. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
ASC 825, " Financial Instruments" permits entities the option to measure most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates and to report related unrealized gains and losses in earnings. We have not elected to apply the fair value option to any specific financial assets or liabilities.
As of December 31, 2025, Level 3 financial liabilities include the contingent consideration liability issued in the acquisition of Robey Warshaw. As of December 31, 2024, we had no Level 3 financial liabilities carried at fair value. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Investment Securities and Futures and Forward Contracts
Investment Securities may include investments in U.S. Treasury securities, other debt securities and investments in readily-marketable equity securities, including our portfolio of exchange-traded funds, which are accounted for under ASC 320-10, " Investments - Debt Securities" and ASC 321-10, "Investments - Equity Securities." These securities are carried at fair
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value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; debt securities are valued based on quoted prices that exist in the marketplace for similar issues and equity securities are valued using quoted market prices on applicable exchanges or markets. Investment Securities transactions are recorded as of the trade date. We also periodically enter into futures contracts as an economic hedge against our deferred cash compensation program and foreign currency exchange forward contracts as an economic hedge against exchange rate risk for foreign currency denominated accounts receivable or other commitments. In accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," futures and forward contracts are carried at fair value.
Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and any unrealized gains and losses are recorded as net increases or decreases to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax, and realized gains and losses on these securities are included in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are recorded in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on futures contracts are recorded in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. EGL also invests in fixed income portfolios consisting primarily of U.S. Treasury securities, which are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other Revenue, Including Interest and Investments, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as required for broker-dealers in securities.
Equity and Other Deferred Compensation
We grant certain employees awards that vest upon the occurrence of market and/or performance criteria being achieved. Compensation cost is accrued if, and to the extent, it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved and is not accrued if it is not probable that the performance condition will be achieved. Significant judgment is required in determining the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved. The fair value of these awards is amortized over the vesting period or requisite substantive service period. The effect of a market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of an award and expense is recognized provided that the service condition is satisfied and to the extent that any performance condition is achieved. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. This process requires us to estimate our actual current tax liability and to assess temporary differences resulting from differing book versus tax treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, compensation and benefits expense, unrealized gains and losses on long-term investments and depreciation. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We must then assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not more-likely-than-not, we must establish a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the level of historical taxable income, scheduled reversals of deferred taxes, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies that can be implemented by us in making this assessment. If actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust our valuation allowance, which could materially impact our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
The tax deduction associated with the appreciation or depreciation in our share price upon vesting of employee share-based awards above or below the original grant price is reflected in income tax expense.
In addition, in order to determine the quarterly tax rate, we are required to estimate full year pre-tax income and the related annual income tax expense in each jurisdiction. Changes in the geographic mix or estimated level of annual pre-tax income can affect our overall effective tax rate. Furthermore, our interpretation of complex tax laws may impact our measurement of current and deferred income taxes.
ASC 740 provides a benefit recognition model with a two-step approach consisting of "more-likely-than-not" recognition criteria, and a measurement attribute that measures the position as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This standard also requires the recognition of liabilities created by differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements.
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The majority of the deferred tax assets relate to the U.S. operations of the Company. The realization of the deferred tax assets is primarily dependent on the amount of the Company's historic and projected future taxable income for its U.S. and foreign operations. In 2025 and 2024, we performed an assessment of the ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets and determined that the Company should have sufficient future taxable income in the normal course of business to fully realize the portion of the deferred tax assets associated with its U.S. operations and management has concluded that it is more-likely-than-not the deferred tax assets will be realized. We also concluded that the net deferred tax assets of certain foreign subsidiaries required a valuation allowance. We intend to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal.
The Company estimates that Evercore Inc. must generate approximately $1.8 billion of future taxable income to realize the gross deferred tax asset balance, including the valuation allowance, of $446.9 million. The deferred tax balance is expected to reverse primarily over a period ranging from 5 to 15 taxable years. The Company evaluated Evercore Inc.'s historical U.S. taxable income, which has averaged approximately $519 million per year over the past 7 years, as well as the anticipated taxable income of approximately $460.9 million in 2025, and taxable income in the future, which indicates sufficient taxable income to support the realization of these deferred tax assets. To the extent enough taxable income is not generated in the 15 year estimated reversal period, the Company can carry forward net operating losses indefinitely, but limited to 80% of taxable income for that year.
See Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Impairment of Assets
In accordance with ASC 350, we test goodwill for impairment annually, as of November 30 th , or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. In this process, we make estimates and assumptions in order to determine the fair value of our reporting units and to project future earnings using valuation techniques. We use our best judgment and information available to us at the time to perform this review. Because our assumptions and estimates are used in projecting future earnings as part of the valuation, actual results could differ. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives which are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable as prescribed by ASC 360, " Property, Plant, and Equipment."
We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. In determining the fair value for each reporting unit, we utilize a market multiple approach and/or a discounted cash flow methodology based on the adjusted cash flows from operations. The market multiple approach includes applying the average earnings multiples of comparable public companies for their respective reporting segment multiplied by the forecasted earnings of the respective reporting unit to yield an estimate of fair value. The discounted cash flow methodology begins with the adjusted cash flows from each of the reporting units and uses a discount rate that reflects the weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the risks inherent in the future cash flows.
We recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
In addition to goodwill and intangible assets, we annually assess each of our equity method investments for impairment (or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred) per ASC 323-10, "Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures."
We concluded there was no impairment of goodwill, intangible assets or equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Variable Interest Entities
Our policy is to consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest, as well as any variable interest entities ("VIEs") where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, when we have the power to make the decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and have the obligation to absorb significant losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We review factors, including the rights of the equity holders and obligations of equity holders to absorb losses or receive expected residual returns, to determine if the investment is a VIE. In evaluating whether we are the primary beneficiary, we evaluate our economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by us. The consolidation analysis is generally performed qualitatively. This analysis, which requires judgment, is performed at each reporting date.
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
For a discussion of recently issued accounting standards and their impact or potential impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
