Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.02pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
+0.10pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
-0.06pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+7
closing+4
failure+2
decline+2
disruptions+2
Positive rising
satisfied+3
able+2
effective+2
benefit+1
attain+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
20,739 words
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks summarized and detailed below are not the only risks facing us. Please be aware that additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial could also materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, or prospects. You should also refer to the other information contained in our periodic reports, including the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a further discussion of the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions relating to our business.
Risk Factors Summary
Material risks that may affect our business, operating results and financial condition include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:
Risks related to our business and industry
Our ability to anticipate and respond to changing industry trends, changes in the competitive landscape, and the needs and preferences of our merchants and consumers;
The effect of global economic, political, market, health and other conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, on our merchants and on consumer, business, and government spending;
Our ability to protect our systems and data from continually evolving cybersecurity risks or other technological risks;
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
termination+7
adversely+3
litigation+3
limitations+2
closing+2
Positive rising
alliance+7
effective+5
strengthening+3
popular+1
strong+1
MD&A (Item 7)
8,749 words
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”) is intended to provide an understanding of our financial condition, cash flow, liquidity and results of operations. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K and the Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
The comparison of results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 that are not included in this Form 10-K are included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Company background
We are a leading payments technology and services provider offering an array of payment solutions to merchants ranging from small and mid-size enterprises to multinational companies and organizations across the Americas and Europe. As a fully integrated merchant acquirer and payment processor across more than 50 markets and 150 currencies worldwide, we provide competitive solutions that promote business growth, increase customer loyalty, and enhance data security in the markets we serve.
Failures in our processing systems due to software defects, undetectederrors, computer viruses, and development delays;
Degradation of the quality of the products and services we offer, including support services;
Our ability to recruit, retain, and develop qualified personnel;
Risks created by acquisitions;
Continued consolidation and other transactions in the banking industry;
Increased customer, referral partner, or sales partner attrition;
Any increase in chargebacks not paid by our merchants;
Failure to maintain or collect reimbursements from our financial institution referral partners;
Fraud by merchants or other counterparties or partners;
Failures by third-party vendors that we rely on to provide products and services;
Our ability to maintain our merchant relationships and strategic relationships with various financial institutions and referral partners;
Seasonality and volatility resulting in fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and operating results;
Geopolitical and other risks associated with operations outside of the United States;
A decline in the use of cards as a payment mechanism for consumers or other adverse developments with respect to the card industry in general;
Increases in card network fees and other changes to fee arrangements;
Failure by us, our merchants or our sales partners to comply with the applicable requirements of card networks resulting in fines or penalties;
Risks related to the Merger
Disruption to our business caused by the pending acquisition of us by Global Payments;
Our ability to consummate the transaction with Global Payments within the contemplated timeframe, or at all;
Any failure to consummate the Merger will adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition;
The impact on our stock price, business, financial condition and results of operations if the proposed transaction with Global Payments is not consummated;
Costs, charges and expenses relating to the proposed transaction with Global Payments;
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Risks related to our financial results and indebtedness
The effect of foreign currency exchange rates;
The possibility of impairment of a significant portion of the goodwill and intangible assets on our balance sheet;
The impact on our results of operations if we were required to establish a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets;
The effect of our indebtedness on our ability to raise capital, react to changes in the economy or our industry, or meet our debt obligations;
The risk that we could be required to purchase the remainder of our eService subsidiary in Poland;
Restrictions imposed by our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and our other outstanding indebtedness;
Accelerated funding programs, which increase our working capital requirements and expose us to incremental credit risk;
Risks related to legal and regulatory requirements
Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws and regulations, including those specific to the payments industry and those relating to anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, privacy, data protection, financial reporting, and information security, and consumer protection;
Failure to enforce and defend our intellectual property rights;
Risks associated with new or revised tax regulations or their interpretations, or becoming subject to additional foreign or U.S. federal, state, or local taxes;
Various legal proceedings in the course of our business;
Risks related to our organizational structure
The fact that our principal asset is our interest in EVO, LLC;
Risks related to the TRA (as defined below), including substantial cash payments to the Continuing LLC Owners;
Benefits conferred upon the Continuing LLC Owners as a result of our organizational structure that do not benefit holders of our Class A common stock to the same extent that they benefit the Continuing LLC Owners;
Risks related to our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and the ownership interest of our Continuing LLC Owners
Our Series A Preferred Stock could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and could in the future substantially dilute the ownership interest of holders of our common stock;
Continuing LLC Owners and holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may exercise influence over us;
General risks
The long-term macroeconomic effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic;
Certain provisions of Delaware law and antitakeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.
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Risks related to our business and industry
Our ability to anticipate and respond to changing industry trends, changes in the competitive landscape, and the needs and preferences of our merchants and consumers may adversely affect our competitiveness or the demand for our products and services.
The financial services and payment technology industries are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological advancements, resulting in new products and services, including mobile payment applications and customized integrated software payment solutions, and an evolving competitive landscape, as well as changing industry standards and merchant and consumer needs and preferences. Our payment services and solutions compete against various financial services and payment systems, including cash and checks, and electronic, mobile, eCommerce, integrated, and B2B payment platforms. If we are unable to differentiate ourselves from our competitors and drive value for our merchants, we may not be able to compete effectively.
Furthermore, we are facing increasing competition from nontraditional competitors, including new entrant technology companies who offer certain innovations in payment methods. Some of these competitors utilize proprietary software and service solutions. Some of these nontraditional competitors have significant financial resources and robust networks and are highly regarded by consumers. These competitors may compete in ways that minimize or remove the role of traditional card networks, acquirers, issuers and processors in the electronic payments process. If these nontraditional competitors gain a greater share of total electronic payments transactions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We expect that new services and technologies applicable to the financial services and payment technology industries will continue to emerge and that our merchants and consumers will continue to adopt new technology for business and personal uses. Our competitive landscape will continue to undergo changes that could adversely impact our current competitive position and prospects for growth, including:
rapid and significant changes in technology, resulting in new and innovative payment methods and programs, that could place us at a competitive disadvantage and reduce the use of our products and services if competitors are able to offer and provide services that we do not;
competitors, merchants and other industry participants may develop products and services that compete with or replace our products and services, including alternative payment systems that enable card networks and banks to transact with consumers directly, eCommerce payment systems, payment systems for mobile devices, peer to peer payment services, real-time and faster payment initiatives, delayed payment offerings such as BNPL or installment solutions, cryptocurrency payments initiatives, and customized integrated software and B2B payment solutions;
increased competition in certain of our markets in which we process “on-us” transactions, whereby we receive fees as a merchant acquirer and for processing services for the issuing bank, may cause the number of transactions in which we receive fees for both of these roles to decrease, which could reduce our revenue and margins in these jurisdictions; and
participants in the financial services and payment technology industries may merge, create joint ventures or form other business combinations that may improve their existing business services, or create new payment services that compete with our services.
In order to remain competitive within our markets, we must anticipate and respond to these changes, which may limit the competitiveness of and demand for our services. It is possible that these changes could ultimately reduce our role in payment transaction processing. Additionally, and in many cases as a result of significant consolidation in the payments industry over recent years, some of our competitors are larger and have greater financial resources than we do, enabling them to maintain a wider range of product offerings, mount extensive promotional campaigns, and be more aggressive in offering products and services at lower rates. Failure to compete effectively against any of these or other competitive threats or to develop value-added services that meet the needs and preferences of our merchants could adversely affect our ability to compete for merchants and financial partners and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of
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operations. Furthermore, potential negative reactions to our products and services by merchants or consumers can spread quickly and damage our reputation before we have the opportunity to respond. If we are unable to anticipate or respond to technological or industry changes on a timely basis, our ability to remain competitive and the demand for our products and services could be adversely affected.
Global economic, political, and other conditions may adversely affect trends in consumer, business, and government spending, which may adversely impact the demand for our services, revenue, and profitability.
The financial services and payment technology industries depend heavily upon the overall level of consumer, business, and government spending. A sustained deterioration in general economic conditions, including those caused by inflation, high interest rates, supply chain disruptions, and COVID-19, particularly in the Americas or Europe, may adversely affect our financial performance by reducing the number or average purchase amount of transactions we process. A reduction in consumer or business spending could result in a decrease of our revenue and profits.
Adverse economic trends may accelerate the timing, or increase the impact of, risks to our financial performance. These trends could include the following:
declining economies, foreign currency fluctuations, and the pace of economic recovery can change consumer spending behaviors, such as cross-border travel patterns, on which a portion of our revenue and growth is dependent;
low levels of consumer and business confidence typically associated with recessionary environments may result in decreased spending by cardholders;
high unemployment may result in decreased spending by cardholders;
budgetary concerns in the United States and other countries could affect sovereign credit ratings, and impact consumer confidence and spending;
supply chain disruptions may result in decreased spending by cardholders with our merchants whose ability to provide goods and services is materially impacted;
supply chain disruptions could impact our ability to purchase terminals for existing or prospective customers;
current and potential future inflationary pressures may adversely impact spending by cardholders;
emerging market economies tend to be more sensitive to adverse economic trends than the more established markets we serve;
financial institutions may restrict credit lines to cardholders or limit the issuance of new cards to mitigate cardholder credit concerns;
uncertainty and volatility in the performance of our merchants’ businesses;
cardholders may decrease spending for services our merchants market and sell; and
government intervention, including the effect of laws, regulations and government investments in our merchants, may have potential negative effects on our business and our relationships with our merchants or otherwise alter their strategic direction away from our products and services.
Our inability to protect our systems and data from continually evolving cybersecurity risks or other technological risks could affect our reputation among merchants, card issuers, financial institutions, card networks, partners, and cardholders and may expose us to penalties, fines, liabilities, and legal claims.
In order to provide our services, we process, transmit, and store sensitive business information and personal information about our merchants, merchants’ customers, vendors, partners, and other parties. This information may include credit and debit card numbers, bank account numbers, personal identification numbers, names and addresses, and other types of personal information or sensitive business information. Some of this information is also processed and stored by our
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merchants’ third-party service providers to whom we outsource certain functions and other agents (which we refer to collectively as our “associated third parties”).
We have certain responsibilities to the card networks and their member financial institutions for any failure by us or by any of our associated third parties to protect this information. We have been, and expect to continue to be, a potential target of malicious third party attempts to identify and exploit system vulnerabilities and penetrate or bypass our security measures. While plans and procedures are in place to protect this sensitive data, we cannot be certain that these measures will be successful and will be sufficient to counter all current and emerging technology threats that are designed to breach our systems in order to gain access to confidential information.
The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable, or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, have become increasingly complex and sophisticated, and are often difficult to detect. Threats to our systems and our associated third parties’ systems can derive from human error, fraud, or malice on the part of employees or third parties, or may result from accidental technological failure. Computer viruses and other malware can be distributed and could infiltrate our systems or those of our associated third parties. In addition, denial of service or other attacks could be launched against us for a variety of purposes, including to interfere with our services or create a diversion for other malicious activities. Our defensive data protection measures may not prevent unauthorized access or use of sensitive data. While we maintain insurance coverage that may cover certain aspects of cyber risks and incidents, our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses, and we may not be able to renew the insurance on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Further, we do not control the actions of any of the third parties that facilitate our business activities, including vendors, suppliers, customers, service providers, counterparties or financial intermediaries, or their systems. These third parties have experienced security breaches in the past, and any future problems experienced by these third parties, including those resulting from cyberattacks or other breakdowns or disruptions in services, could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business or expose us to liability.
In addition, following an acquisition, we take steps to ensure our data and system security protection measures cover the acquired business as part of our integration process. As such, there may be a period of increased cybersecurity risk during the period between closing an acquisition and the completion of our data and system security integration.
We may also be subject to liability for claims relating to misuse of personal information, such as unauthorized marketing and violation of data privacy laws. We cannot provide assurance that the contractual requirements related to security and privacy that we impose on our service providers who have access to merchant and customer data will be followed or will be adequate to prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of data. In addition, we have agreed in certain agreements to take certain protective measures to ensure the confidentiality of merchant and consumer data. The costs of systems and procedures associated with such protective measures may increase and could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Any failure to adequately enforce or provide these protective measures could result in litigation, governmental and card network intervention, and fines, lost revenue, and other liabilities and reputational harm.
Any type of security breach, attack, or misuse of data described above or otherwise, could harm our reputation and deter existing and prospective merchants and partners from using our services, deter customers from making electronic payments generally, increase our operating expenses in order to contain and remediate the incident, expose us to unexpected or uninsured liability, disrupt our operations (including potential service interruptions), distract our management, increase our risk of regulatory scrutiny, result in the imposition of regulatory or card network fines and other penalties, and adversely affect our continued card network registration and financial institution sponsorship. For example, if we were to be removed from the card networks’ lists of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”) compliant service providers, our existing merchants, sales, and financial institution partners, or other third parties may terminate their relationship with us or cease using or referring our services. Also, prospective merchants, sales partners, financial institution partners or other third parties may delay or choose not to consider us for their processing needs. In addition, card networks could refuse to allow us to process through their networks. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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We may experience failures in our processing systems due to software defects, undetectederrors, computer viruses, and development delays, which could damage customer relations and expose us to liability.
Our core business depends on the reliability of our processing systems. A system outage or other failure could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations, including by damaging our reputation or exposing us to third-party liability. Certain laws, regulations, and card network rules allow for penalties if our systems do not meet certain operating standards and may require us to report issues to regulators or the card networks within a specified time period. To successfully operate our business, we must be able to protect our systems from interruption, including from events that may be beyond our control. Events that could cause system interruptions include fire, natural disaster, unauthorized entry, power loss, telecommunications failure, computer viruses, terrorist acts, and war. Although we have taken steps to protect against data loss and system failures, there is still risk that we may losecritical data or experience system failures. In addition, we utilize select third parties for certain disaster recovery operations, particularly outside of the United States. To the extent we outsource any disaster recovery functions, we could be adversely impacted in the event of the vendor’s unresponsiveness or other failures. In addition, our insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses or failures that may occur.
Our products and services are based on sophisticated software and computing systems that are constantly evolving. We often encounter delays and cost overruns in developing and implementing changes to our systems. In addition, the underlying software may contain undetectederrors, viruses, or defects. We may experience processing delays on our systems due to system capacity or configuration issues as well as due to service interruptions or delays by our service providers. Defects in our software products and errors or delays in our processing of electronic transactions could result in additional development costs, diversion of technical and other resources from our other development efforts, loss of credibility with current or potential merchants, harm to our reputation, or other liabilities. In addition, we rely on technologies supplied to us by third parties that may contain undetectederrors, viruses, or defects that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Although we attempt to limit our potential liability through disclaimers in our software documentation and limitation of liability provisions in our licenses and other agreements with our merchants and partners, we cannot assure that these measures will be successful in limiting our liability.
Degradation of the quality of the products and services we offer, including support services, could adversely impact our ability to attract and retain merchants and partners.
Our merchants and partners expect a consistent level of quality in the provision of our products and services. If the reliability or functionality of our products and services is compromised or the quality or support of such products and services is otherwise degraded, we could lose existing merchants and partners and find it harder to attract new merchants and partners. If we are unable to scale our support functions to address the growth of our merchant portfolio and partner network, the quality of our support may decrease, which could also adversely affect our ability to attract and retain merchants and partners.
Our ability to recruit, retain, and develop qualified personnel is critical to our success and growth.
For us to successfully compete and grow, we must recruit, retain, and develop personnel who can provide the necessary expertise across a broad spectrum of intellectual capital needs in a rapidly changing technological, social, economic, and regulatory environment. The market for qualified personnel is competitive, and we have experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications, and we may not be able to fill positions in desired geographic areas or at all and may fail to effectively replace current personnel who depart with qualified or effective successors. Our efforts to retain and develop personnel may also result in significant additional expenses, which could adversely affect our profitability. As the economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic eases, we have faced, and may continue to face, additional challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel as other companies increase the pace of hiring. We must also continue to retain and motivate existing employees through our compensation practices, company culture, and career development opportunities. We cannot assure that we will be able to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future or that key personnel, including our executive officers, will continue to be employed or that our succession planning will adequately mitigate the risk associated with key personnel transitions. If
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we fail to attract new personnel or to retain our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.
Acquisitions create certain risks and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We have actively acquired businesses and expect to continue to make acquisitions of businesses and assets in the future. The acquisition and integration of businesses and assets involve a number of risks. These risks include valuation (determining a fair price for the business and assets), integration (managing the process of integrating the acquired business’ people, products, technology, and other assets to realize the projected value and synergies), regulation (obtaining any applicable regulatory or other government approvals), and due diligence (identifying risks to the prospects of the business, including undisclosed or unknown liabilities or restrictions).
In addition, acquisitions outside of the United States often involve additional or increased risks including:
managing geographically separated organizations, systems and facilities;
integrating personnel with diverse business backgrounds and organizational cultures;
complying with non-U.S. legal, tax, and regulatory requirements;
addressing financial and other impacts to our business resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
enforcing intellectual property rights in non-U.S. countries;
difficulty entering new markets due to, among other things, consumer acceptance and business knowledge of these markets; and
general economic and political conditions.
The failure to avoid or mitigate the risks described above or other risks associated with acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate businesses that we acquire or do so within the intended timeframe. We could face significant challenges in managing and integrating our acquisitions, including diversion of management’s attention, migrating services from third-parties to our own systems and infrastructure, and integrating operations and personnel. In addition, the expected cost synergies or new revenue associated with our acquisitions may not be fully realized in the anticipated amount or within the contemplated timeframe or cost expectations, which could result in increased costs and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Further, there may be material risks we are unable to identify or quantify through due diligence. If significant liabilities, including those relating to violations of applicable law, arise at one of our joint ventures or acquired subsidiaries, we may be exposed to material liabilities or our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Additional acquisitions may require us to incur additional debt through new or existing credit agreements or issue additional equity securities to fund the purchase price. The purchase price of a pending foreign acquisition will further be impacted by foreign exchange rate; however, we cannot predict whether future foreign currency exchange fluctuations will have a positive or negative impact on the final purchase price. If we are unable to obtain the required funding on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to complete acquisitions, which could have an adverse impact on our growth.
Finally, future acquisition opportunities may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and we may not be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to complete potential acquisitions. If we are unable to continue to complete successful acquisitions, our growth prospects could be adversely impacted.
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Continued consolidation and other transactions in the banking industry could adversely affect our growth and financial results.
The banking industry continues to experience consolidation regardless of overall economic conditions. In addition, in times of economic distress, various regulators in the markets we serve have acquired, and in the future may acquire, financial institutions, including banks with which we partner. If a current financial institution referral partner of ours is acquired by another bank, the acquiring bank may seek to terminate our agreement and impose its own merchant services program on the acquired bank. If a financial institution referral partner acquires another bank, our financial institution referral partner may take the opportunity to conduct a competitive bidding process to determine whether to maintain our merchant acquiring services or switch to another provider. In either situation, we may be unable to retain the relationship post-acquisition, or may have to offer financial concessions to do so, which could adversely affect our results of operations or growth. In addition, if a current financial institution referral partner of ours is acquired or becomes subject to a consent decree or similar oversight by a regulator, the regulator may seek to alter the terms or terminate our existing agreement with the acquired financial institution. For example, in October of 2018, BNP Paribas Group acquired one of our financial institutional referral partners, Raiffeisen Bank Polska, in Poland. Under the terms of our contract, BNP Paribas Group elected not to continue the relationship with us in Poland and refunded certain fees to us that we had previously paid to the bank. In addition, our financial institution referral partners may sell certain of their business assets, restructure their business, or rebrand. Any such actions could negatively impact our commercial alliance with such financial institution partner.
One of our financial institution referral partners, Grupo Banco Popular, was acquired by Grupo Santander (“Santander”) in June 2017, which has adversely impacted our business in Spain. Revenues from this channel have declined significantly primarily due to reduced merchant referrals following Santander’s consolidation of Grupo Banco Popular branches and the bank’s lack of performance of certain of its obligations under our agreements. See Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Increased customer attrition could cause our financial results to decline.
We experience attrition in merchant transaction processing volume due to several factors, including business closures, transfers of merchants’ accounts to our competitors, unsuccessful contract renewal negotiations, and account closures that we initiate for various reasons, such as heightened credit risks or contract breaches by merchants. We cannot predict the level of attrition that may occur in the future and it could increase. Higher than expected attrition could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We incur a chargeback liability when our merchants refuse to or cannot reimburse chargebacks resolved in favor of their customers. Any increase in chargebacks not paid by our merchants may adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
In the event that a dispute between a cardholder and a merchant is not resolved in favor of the merchant, the transaction is normally charged back to the merchant and the purchase price is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. If we are unable to collect such amounts from the merchant’s account or reserve account (if applicable), or if the merchant refuses or is unable, due to closure, bankruptcy, or other reasons, to reimburse us for a chargeback, we are responsible for the amount of the refund paid to the cardholder. The risk of chargebacks is typically greater with those merchants that promise future delivery of goods and services, rather than delivering goods or rendering services at the time of payment, as well as “card not present” transactions in which consumers are not physically present, such as eCommerce, telephonic, and mobile transactions. We may experience significant losses from chargebacks in the future. Any increase in chargebacks not paid by our merchants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Notwithstanding our policies and procedures for managing credit risk, such as requiring merchant cash reserve accounts and monitoring transaction activity, it is possible that a default on such obligations by one or more of our merchants could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
In addition, in certain cases, governmental authorities may seek to freeze or take possession of merchant cash reserves as part of an investigation or regulatory proceeding. In that event, we may be unable to satisfy chargeback losses from the
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merchant cash reserves and may experience significant losses if we are required to satisfy chargeback losses from our own funds.
Failure to maintain or collect reimbursements from our financial institution referral partners could adversely affect our business.
Certain of our long-term referral arrangements with financial institutions permit our partners to offer their merchant customers lower rates for processing services than we typically provide to the general market. If one of our bank partners elects to offer these lower rates, they are contractually required to reimburse us for the full amount of the discount provided to their merchant customers; however, there can be no assurance that these contractual provisions will fully protect us from potential losses should a bank partner default on its obligations to reimburse us or seek to discontinue such reimbursement obligations in the future. If we are unable to collect the full amount of any such reimbursements for any reason, we may incur losses. In addition, any discount provided by our financial institution partner may cause merchants in these markets to demand lower rates for our services in the future, which could further reduce our margins or cause us to lose merchants, either of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Fraud by merchants or others could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We may be liable for certain fraudulent transactions and credits initiated by merchants or others. For example, if we were to process payments for a merchant that engaged in unfair or deceptive trade practices, we may be subject to enforcement actions by the Federal Trade Commission, other consumer protection agencies, state attorneys general, regulators or other governmental agencies. Examples of merchant fraud include merchants or other parties knowingly using a stolen or counterfeit credit or debit card, card number, or other credentials to record a false sales or credit transaction, processing an invalid card, or intentionally failing to deliver goods or services sold in an otherwise valid transaction. Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities such as counterfeiting and fraud, especially through eCommerce transactions. Failure to effectively manage risk and prevent fraud could increase our chargeback liability or cause us to incur other liabilities, including if we are subject to enforcement action by a regulatory authority. It is possible that incidents of fraud could increase in the future. Increases in chargebacks or other liabilities could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Because we rely on third-party vendors to provide products and services, we could be adversely impacted if they fail to fulfill their obligations.
We depend on third-party vendors and partners to provide us with certain products and services, including components of our computer systems, software, data centers, and telecommunications networks, to conduct our business. For example, we rely on third parties for services such as organizing and accumulating certain daily transaction data from each merchant and card issuer and forwarding the data to the relevant card network. We also rely on third parties for specific software and hardware used in providing our products and services. Some of these organizations and service providers are our competitors or provide similar services and technology to our competitors, and we do not have long-term or exclusive contracts with them. In addition, we rely on various financial institutions to provide clearing services in connection with our settlement activities. If these financial institutions stop providing clearing services, we would need to find other financial institutions to provide those services. If we were unable to do so we would no longer be able to provide processing services to certain merchants, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The systems and operations of our third-party vendors and partners, including our terminal manufacturers, could be exposed to damage or interruption from, among other things, fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized access, computer viruses, denial-of-service attacks, acts of terrorism, human error, vandalism or sabotage, financial insolvency, bankruptcy, and similar events.
In addition, we may be unable to renew our existing contracts with our most significant vendors and partners or our vendors and partners may stop providing or otherwise supporting the products and services we obtain from them, and we may not be able to obtain these or similar products or services on the same or similar terms as our existing arrangements, if at all. The failure of our vendors and partners to perform their obligations and provide the products and services we obtain from
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them in a timely manner for any reason could adversely affect our operations and profitability due to, among other consequences: (i) loss of revenues; (ii) loss of merchants and partners; (iii) loss of merchant and cardholder data; (iv) fines imposed by card networks; (v) reputational harm; (vi) exposure to fraudlosses or other liabilities; (vii) additional operating and development costs; or (viii) diversion of management, technical and other resources.
We depend, in part, on our merchant and strategic relationships with various financial institutions and referral partners to grow our business. If we are unable to maintain these relationships, our business may be adversely affected.
We depend, in part, on our merchant relationships to grow our business. Our merchant processing agreements are our main source of revenue. Our failure to maintain or grow these relationships could adversely affect our business and result in a reduction of our revenue and profit.
We also rely on our various financial institution relationships, including our partnerships with Deutsche Bank USA, Deutsche Bank Group, Grupo Santander, PKO Bank Polski, Bank of Ireland, Raiffeisen Bank, Moneta, Citibanamex, Sabadell, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, and the National Bank of Greece, among others, to grow our business. These relationships are structured in various ways, such as commercial alliance relationships, equity method investments, and joint ventures. We enter into long-term relationships with our bank partners where these partners typically provide exclusive referrals and credit facilities to fund our daily settlement obligations. These facilities are generally short term and at market interest rates. In some cases, our bank partners provide us with card network sponsorship, which enables us to route transactions under the bank’s control and identification numbers to clear card transactions through the card networks. Under the rules of the card networks, we are required to be a member of the network or sponsored through a member financial institution.
In addition, we rely on our various referral partners to grow our business. Our sales divisions work with a diverse mix of referral partners including ISVs, software dealers, and independent sales agents. These relationships generally consist of non-exclusive referral arrangements pursuant to which we pay our partners a referral fee based on profit generated by the merchants attributable to their referral. If an existing sales partner switches to another payment processor, terminates our services, internalizes payment processing functions that we perform, merges with or is acquired by one of our competitors, seeks alternative product or integration capabilities, or shuts down or becomes insolvent, we may no longer receive new merchant referrals from the sales partner and we risk losing existing merchants that were originally enrolled by the sales partner. In some jurisdictions, we are reliant on a small concentration of sales partners for a substantial portion of our merchant referrals.
We rely on the growth of our financial institution and referral partner relationships, and our ability to maintain these relationships, to support and grow our business. In addition, in certain of the markets in which we conduct our business, a substantial portion of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts. If we fail to maintain or renew these relationships, or our financial institution partners fail to maintain their brands or decrease the size of their branded networks, or our referral partners fail to penetrate their target markets or fail to remain competitive in such markets, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, failure to maintain our financial institution relationships may prevent us from obtaining settlement facilities, and we may be forced to secure alternative arrangements on less favorable terms. The loss of financial institution relationships or referral partners could adversely affect our business and result in a reduction of our revenue and profit.
Finally, we intend to grow our business by partnering with new financial institutions and tech-enabled partners in our existing markets, as well as new markets. The inability to partner with new financial organizations or tech-enabled partners may inhibit our growth prospects.
A significant number of our merchants are small- and medium-sized businesses or small affiliates of large companies, which can be more difficult and costly to retain than larger enterprises and may increase the impact of economic fluctuations on our business.
We market and sell our products and services to, among others, SMEs and small affiliates of large companies. To continue to grow our revenue, we must add merchants, sell additional services to existing merchants, and encourage existing
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merchants to continue doing business with us. However, retaining SMEs can be more difficult than retaining large enterprises because SME merchants often have higher rates of business failures and more limited resources; are typically less sophisticated in their ability to make technology-related decisions based on factors other than price; may have decisions related to the choice of payment processor dictated by their affiliated parent entity; and are more able to change their payment processors than larger organizations dependent on our services.
SMEs are typically more susceptible to the adverse effects of economic fluctuations and have been disproportionately affected by the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting government regulations. Adverse changes in the economic environment or business failures of our SME merchants may have a greater impact on us than on our competitors who do not focus on SMEs to the extent that we do. As a result, we may need to attract and retain new merchants at an accelerated rate or decrease our expenses to mitigate negative impacts in the event our SME merchants experience business declines due to economic trends or otherwise, failure of which may negatively impact our business, financial condition, or results operations.
Our operating results and operating metrics are subject to seasonality and volatility, which could result in fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and operating results or in perceptions of our business prospects.
We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenue, which can vary by region. Our revenue has typically been strongest in our fourth quarter and weakest in our first quarter. Some variability results from seasonal retail events and the number of business days in a month or quarter. Our typical seasonality patterns have been disrupted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related government actions. We also experience volatility in certain other metrics, such as number of transactions processed and payment processing volumes. Volatility in our key operating metrics or their rates of growth could result in fluctuations in financial condition or results of operations and may lead to adverse inferences about our business prospects, which could result in declines in our stock price.
Our business may be adversely affected by geopolitical and other risks associated with operations outside of the United States and, as we continue to expand internationally, we may become more susceptible to these risks.
We offer merchant acquiring and processing services in many geographies outside of the United States, including in Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, Chile, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. We are subject to risks associated with operations in international markets, including changes in foreign governmental policies and requirements applicable to our business. In particular, some countries where we operate lack well-developed legal systems or have not adopted clear regulatory frameworks for the payment services industry. This lack of legal certainty exposes our operations to increased risks, including difficulty enforcing our agreements in those jurisdictions and increased risks of adverse actions by local government authorities, such as expropriations. As we continue to expand internationally, we may face challenges due to the presence of more established competitors and our lack of experience in new markets.
In addition, our current and future financial institution partners in foreign jurisdictions, particularly in Europe, may be acquired, reorganized, or otherwise disposed of in the event of further market turmoil or losses in their loan portfolio that result in such financial institutions becoming less than adequately capitalized. Our revenue derived from these and other non-U.S. operations is subject to additional risks, including those resulting from social and geopolitical instability and unfavorable political or diplomatic developments, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. A possible slowdown in global trade caused by increasing tariffs or other restrictions could decrease consumer or corporate confidence and reduce consumer, government, and corporate spending in countries outside the United States, which could adversely affect our foreign operations. Certain of our partners in foreign jurisdictions are also state-controlled entities, which may adversely affect our ability to seek redress for any contractual breach to the extent these partners can successfully claim sovereign immunity. In addition, in the event ongoing or future sovereign debt concerns in a particular country impact any such partner, our business could be negatively impacted.
We have significant operations in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe more generally. The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and the continuing negotiations to determine the terms of the United Kingdom’s relationship with the EU has created significant uncertainty, including the nature of the transition, implementation, or
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successor arrangements, and future trading arrangements between the United Kingdom and the EU, and may in the future have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of the global financial markets. We continue to closely monitor the impact of Brexit on our operations as further details emerge regarding the post-Brexit regulatory landscape. However, lack of clarity about applicable future laws, regulations, or treaties between the United Kingdom and the European Union could increase our costs and depress market activity. If we are unable to successfully manage the foregoing risks relating to our business outside the United States, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely impacted.
A decline in the use of cards as a payment mechanism for consumers or other adverse developments with respect to the card industry in general may adversely impact us.
In order to consistently increase and maintain our profitability, consumers and businesses must continue to use electronic payment methods that we process, including credit and debit cards, and various factors may impact levels of use. For example, consumer credit risk may make it more difficult or expensive for consumers to gain access to credit facilities such as credit cards. Financial institutions may seek to charge their customers additional fees for use of credit or debit cards which could result in decreased use of credit or debit cards. In addition, various technology alternatives to credit and debit cards, such as digital wallets, have been introduced to the market and we expect that additional alternatives will be developed. Any other development that impacts the cost, convenience, or quality of services of electronic payments could result in a decline in the use of credit and debit cards or other electronic payments. Any such decline may adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Increases in card network fees and other changes to fee arrangements may result in the loss of merchants or a reduction in our earnings.
From time to time, card networks, including Visa and Mastercard, increase the fees that they charge processors. We could attempt to pass these increases along to our merchants but this strategy might result in the loss of merchants to our competitors who do not pass along the increases. If competitive practices prevent us from passing along the higher fees to our merchants in the future, we may have to absorb all or a portion of such increases, which may increase our operating costs and reduce our earnings.
In addition, in certain of our markets, card issuers pay merchant acquirers fees based on debit card usage in an effort to encourage debit card use. If this practice were discontinued, our revenue and margins in jurisdictions where we receive these fees would be adversely affected.
Further, governments in the markets in which we operate have and may continue to implement new laws or regulations that effectively limit our ability to provide DCC or set fees or foreign currency exchange spreads. In March 2018, the EU proposed additional regulations on cross-border transactions within the EU, including specific regulations on DCC. In December 2018, the European Commission, European Council, and European Parliament agreed to legislation that requires disclosure of foreign exchange margins applicable to DCC transactions and eventual comparability between foreign exchange rates offered by DCC providers and bank card issuers. The new legislation went into effect in April 2020. Such regulation could materially and adversely impact our financial results, by reducing the number of DCC transactions we process and the level of profit we generate from such transactions.
In addition to government regulation and card network rules, it is possible that merchants alter their business practices to avoid payment of certain fees to payment processors, such as inactive fees, paper statements, and PCI non-compliance fees. A significant decrease in these fees paid by merchants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements of card networks, they could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our registrations. If our merchants or sales partners incur fines or penalties that we cannot collect from them, we may have to bear the cost of such fines or penalties.
In order to provide our transaction processing services, several of our subsidiaries are registered with Visa and Mastercard and other card networks as members or service providers for member institutions. Visa, Mastercard and other card networks set rules and standards with which we must comply. Any failure to comply with the networks’ requirements or to pay the fines they impose could cause the termination of our registration or status as a certified service provider and require us to stop providing payment processing services.
The card network rules subject us and our merchants to a variety of fines or penalties for certain acts or omissions by us or our merchants. The rules of card networks are set by their boards, which include members that are card issuers that directly or indirectly sell processing services to merchants in competition with us. There is a risk that these members could use their influence to enact changes to the card network rules or policies that are detrimental to us. Any changes in network rules or standards that increase the cost of doing business or limit our ability to provide processing services to our merchants will adversely affect the operation of our business. In addition, card networks and their member financial institutions regularly update, and generally expand, security expectations and requirements related to the security of cardholder data and environment. Under certain circumstances, we are required to report incidents to the card networks within a specified time frame.
In addition, if a merchant or sales partner fails to comply with the applicable requirements of card networks, it could be subject to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by card networks. We may have to bear the cost of such fines or penalties if we are unable to collect them from the applicable merchant or sales partner. The termination of our member registration, any change in our status as a service provider or merchant processor, or any changes in network rules or standards could prevent us from providing processing services relating to the affected card network and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Risks related to the Merger
The pendency of the Merger may result in disruptions to our business.
On August 1, 2022, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Global Payments and Merger Sub, pursuant to which we will be acquired by Global Payments in an all-cash transaction. The Merger Agreement generally requires us to operate our business in the ordinary course pending consummation of the Merger and prohibits us, without Global Payments’ consent, from taking certain specified actions until the Merger has been consummated. These prohibitions may affect our ability to execute our business strategies and attain financial and other goals and may impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Further, in connection with the proposed transaction with Global Payments, our current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with us following the Merger, which may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel. Key employees may depart because of issues relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with us following the Merger, and may depart prior to the consummation of the Merger. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be able to attract and retain key employees to the same extent that we have been able to in the past.
The proposed transaction with Global Payments could cause disruptions to our business or business relationships, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Parties with which we have business relationships may experience uncertainty as to the future of such relationships and may delay or defer certain business decisions, seek alternative relationships with third parties or seek to alter their present business relationships with us. Parties with whom we otherwise may have sought to establish business relationships may seek alternative relationships with third parties.
The proposed transaction with Global Payments may place a significant burden on management and internal resources. It may also divert management’s time and attention from the day-to-day operation of our businesses and the execution of our
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other strategic initiatives. This could adversely affect our financial results. In addition, we have incurred and will continue to incur other significant costs, expenses and fees for professional services and other transaction costs in connection with the proposed transaction with Global Payments, and many of these fees and costs are payable regardless of whether or not such transaction is consummated.
Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, our financial condition and our results of operations and prospects.
The Merger may not be consummated within the intended timeframe, or at all, and the failure to consummate the Merger will adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There can be no assurance that the Merger will be consummated within the intended timeframe, or at all. The Merger Agreement contains a number of conditions that must be satisfied or waived prior to the completion of the Merger.
Assuming the satisfaction or, to the extent permitted by law, waiver of customary closing conditions, the Company expects the Merger to be completed by March 31, 2023. There can be no assurance that the remaining closing conditions will be satisfied (or waived, if applicable), and if all closing conditions are satisfied (or waived, if applicable), we can provide no assurance that the Merger will be consummated promptly or at all.
If the Merger is not consummated within the intended timeframe or at all, we may be subject to a number of material risks. The price of our common stock will significantly decline if the proposed transaction with Global Payments is not consummated within the intended timeframe or at all. In addition, some costs related to the Merger must be paid whether or not the Merger is consummated, as we have already incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs, expenses and fees for professional services and other transaction costs in connection with the proposed transaction with Global Payments. If the proposed transaction with Global Payments is not consummated within the intended timeframe or at all, we may also experience negative reactions from our investors, customers, partners, suppliers, and employees. Along with transaction costs and fees, the proposed transaction with Global Payments has required and will continue to require the attention and resources of our management team. If the proposed transaction with Global Payments is not consummated within the intended timeframe or at all, our management team’s attention and resources will have been diverted from other uses with little to no additional benefit to EVO, Inc.
Risks related to our financial results and indebtedness
Our results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
We present our financial statements in U.S. dollars and have a significant proportion of net assets and earnings in non-U.S. dollar currencies. Accordingly, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business.
Revenue and profit generated by our non-U.S. operations will increase or decrease compared to prior periods as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the impact may be significant. For example, revenue generated by our non-U.S. operations represented approximately 65% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 , and a hypothetical uniform 10% strengthening in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the local currencies of our non-U.S. operations would result in a decrease of approximately $ 8.0 million in pretax income for the year ended December 31, 2022 . In addition, currency variations can adversely affect the margins on our DCC product offerings. A greater portion of our revenue is generated outside the United States as compared to certain of our competitors and, as such, foreign currency exchange rates may have a more significant impact on our results.
In addition, we may become subject to exchange control regulations that restrict or prohibit the conversion of our other revenue currencies into U.S. dollars. Any of these factors could decrease the value of revenues and earnings we derive from our non-U.S. operations and adversely affect our business.
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While we currently have some degree of diversification in foreign currency, we may seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future through the use of hedging arrangements. To the extent that we hedge our foreign currency exchange rate exposure in the future, we will forgo the benefits we would otherwise experience if foreign currency exchange rates changed in our favor. No strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with such fluctuations and our currency exchange rate risk management activities could expose us to substantial losses if such rates move materially differently from our expectations.
Our balance sheet includes significant amounts of goodwill and intangible assets. The impairment of a significant portion of these assets would negatively affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
As a result of our prior acquisitions, a significant portion of our total assets consists of intangible assets (including goodwill). To the extent we engage in additional acquisitions, we may recognize additional intangible assets and goodwill. We evaluate on a regular basis whether all or a portion of our goodwill and other intangible assets may be impaired. Under current accounting rules, any determination that impairment has occurred would require us to record an impairment charge. An impairment of a significant portion of goodwill or intangible assets would adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
If our business does not perform well, we may be required to establish a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets, which would negatively impact the results of our operations.
We have substantial amounts of deferred tax assets on our balance sheet. The evaluation of realizability of these assets requires us to analyze historical taxable income and make significant assumptions related to forecasted revenues and taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdiction. Estimated future taxable income can be sensitive to changes in the assumed revenue growth rate and expected operating margin, which are affected by expectations about future market conditions and are inherently uncertain due to their forward-looking nature. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and may require us to record a valuation allowance. Any significant impairmentloss would have an adverse impact on our reported earnings in the period in which the charge is recognized.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, expose us to interest rate risk, and prevent us from meeting our debt obligations.
Upon the consummation of the Merger, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities will be paid off in full. However, there can be no assurance that the Merger will be consummated within the anticipated timeline or at all. For additional discussion regarding our risks related to the Merger, see the risks described under the caption “ Risks related to the Merger” in this Annual Report. In the event our indebtedness is not repaid in connection with the consummation of the Merger our indebtedness exposes us to certain risks, including those set forth below.
Our indebtedness could have adverse consequences, including:
increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments;
requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities;
making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, which could result in an event of default under the agreements governing such indebtedness;
restricting us from making strategic acquisitions, making it more difficult to structure new partnerships or joint ventures, or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
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making it more difficult for us to obtain card network sponsorship and clearing services from financial institutions or to obtain or retain other business with financial institutions; or
limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product development, debt service requirements, acquisitions, and general corporate or other purposes;
Successful execution of our business strategy is dependent in part upon our ability to manage our capital structure to reduce interest expense, have access to sufficient liquidity, and enhance free cash flow generation. We are party to a senior secured credit facility pursuant to a credit agreement dated November 1, 2021 (our “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The Senior Secured Credit Facilities consists of a revolver (the “Revolver”) and a term loan (the “Term Loan”). As of December 31, 2022, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities include revolver commitments of $200.0 million and a term loan of $588.0 million that are scheduled to mature in November 2026. We may not be able to refinance our Senior Secured Credit Facilities or our other existing indebtedness at or prior to their maturity at attractive rates of interest because of our high levels of debt, debt incurrence restrictions under our debt agreements, or because of adverse conditions in credit markets generally. We also have the ability to further increase our indebtedness by borrowing additional amounts on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
In addition, certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, are at variable rates of interest. If interest rates increase, the interest payment obligations under our variable rate indebtedness will increase even if the amount borrowed remains the same. The condition of the financial and credit markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. In addition, developments in our business and operations could lead to a ratings downgrade for us. In 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $500.0 million that matured on December 31, 2022 to reduce a portion of exposure to fluctuations in LIBOR interest rates associated with our variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 2022, we had $641.5 million aggregate principal amount of variable rate indebtedness. The impact of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased our annual interest expense by approximately $6.4 million upon the expiration of the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2022. Effective January 2023, interest rate payments of our entire outstanding term loan will be based on variable interest rates.
Any such fluctuation in the financial and credit markets, or in the credit rating of us or our subsidiaries, may impact our ability to access debt markets in the future or increase our cost of current or future debt, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We may be required to purchase the remainder of our eService subsidiary in Poland.
In December 2013, we acquired a 66% ownership interest in Centrum Elektronicznych Uslug Platniczych eService Sp. z o.o., or eService, from PKO Bank Polski. In connection with the purchase, we granted a put option to PKO Bank Polski that, if exercised, could force us to buy the remainder of the business at the then-current market price. The option expires on January 1, 2024. If we are forced to purchase the remainder of our eService subsidiary at a time in which it is not otherwise in our best interest to do so, our business, including our liquidity, could be adversely affected.
The phase-out, replacement or unavailability of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) may adversely affect our results of operations.
In July 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. In the United States, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, which was convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a new index calculated by reference to short-term repurchase agreements for U.S. Treasury securities, as its preferred alternative rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR. Financial regulators in the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan, and Switzerland also have formed working groups with the aim of recommending alternatives to LIBOR denominated in their local currencies.
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In March 2021, the FCA announced that LIBOR will no longer be provided for the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar settings after December 31, 2021 and that publication of the U.S. dollar settings for the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR rates will cease after June 30, 2023.
There is currently no definitive successor reference rate to LIBOR and various industry organizations are still working to develop transition mechanisms. SOFR is calculated based on overnight transactions under repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. SOFR is observed on a daily basis and backward looking, which stands in contrast with LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate for specified tenors and relies, to some degree, on the expert judgment of submitting panel members. Given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it is a rate that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR). Because of these and other differences, there is no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no guarantee that it will be a comparable substitute for LIBOR. As of December 31, 2022, approximately $641.5 million of our outstanding indebtedness had interest rate payments determined directly or indirectly based on LIBOR, EURIBOR, or the U.S. prime rate. The terms of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities include provisions that provide for the eventual replacement of LIBOR as a reference rate with SOFR or otherwise an alternate benchmark rate. However, uncertainty regarding the continued use and reliability of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate could adversely affect the performance of LIBOR relative to its historic values prior to the replacement of LIBOR. Additionally, in 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $500.0 million to reduce a portion of the exposure to fluctuations in LIBOR interest rates associated with our variable-rate term loan. The interest rate swap had a fixed rate of 0.2025% and matured on December 31, 2022. We may incur expenses to amend and adjust our indebtedness to eliminate any differences between any alternative benchmark rate used by our interest rate hedge and our outstanding indebtedness. Any alternative benchmark rate may be calculated differently than LIBOR, may increase the interest expense associated with our existing or future indebtedness and may not align for our assets, liabilities, and hedging instruments. Any of these occurrences could adversely affect our borrowing costs, financial condition, or results of operations.
Restrictions imposed by our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and our other outstanding indebtedness may materially limit our ability to operate our business and finance our future operations or capital needs.
The terms of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities restrict us and our subsidiaries from engaging in specified types of transactions. These covenants impose certain limitations, subject to certain exceptions, on our ability, and that of our subsidiaries, to, among other things:
incur indebtedness;
create liens;
engage in mergers or consolidations;
make investments, loans and advances;
pay dividends and distributions and repurchase capital stock;
sell assets;
engage in certain transactions with affiliates;
enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
make certain accounting changes; and
make prepayments on junior indebtedness.
In addition, the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a financial covenant that requires us to remain under a maximum consolidated leverage ratio determined on a quarterly basis with step-downs over time. We may elect to increase the maximum consolidated leverage level with which we must comply by 0.5x up to two times during the term upon the consummation of a “material acquisition.” See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” A breach of any of these covenants (or any other covenant in the documents governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities) could result in a default or event of default under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. If an event of default under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities occurred, the applicable lenders or agents could elect to terminate borrowing commitments and declare all borrowings and loans outstanding thereunder, together with accrued and unpaid interest and any fees and other obligations, to be immediately due and payable. In
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addition, or in the alternative, the applicable lenders or agents could exercise their rights under the security documents entered into in connection with our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Subject to certain exceptions specified in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, we have pledged substantially all of our U.S. assets as collateral securing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and any such exercise of remedies on any material portion of such collateral would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to continue operations.
If we were unable to repay or otherwise refinance these borrowings and loans when due, and the applicable lenders proceeded against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness, we may be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event the applicable lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities would likely have a material adverse effect our business.
Accelerated funding programs increase our working capital requirements and expose us to incremental credit risk, and if we are unable to access or raise sufficient liquidity to address these funding programs we may be exposed to additional competitive risk.
In response to demand from our merchants and competitive offerings, we offer certain of our merchants various accelerated funding programs which are designed to enable qualified participating merchants to receive their deposits from credit card transactions in an expedited manner. These programs increase our working capital requirements and expose us to incremental credit risk related to our merchants, which could constrain our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Our inability to access or raise sufficient liquidity to address our needs in connection with the anticipated expansion of such advance funding programs could put us at a competitive disadvantage by restricting our ability to offer programs to all of our merchants similar to those made available by our various competitors.
Risks related to legal and regulatory requirements
Failure to comply with anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions regulations, and similar laws and regulations could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We operate our business in various countries where certain business practices are prohibited by U.S., foreign, and other laws and regulations applicable to us. We are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other laws that prohibit the making or offering of improper payments, including payments to foreign governments, officials, and business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have implemented policies, procedures, systems, and controls designed to identify and address potentially impermissible transactions under such laws and regulations; however, there can be no assurance that our employees, consultants, and agents, including those that may be based in or from countries where practices that violate U.S. or other laws may be customary, will not take actions in violation of our policies for which we may be ultimately responsible.
In addition, we are subject to certain anti-money laundering laws and regulations. In some jurisdictions, we are directly subject to these regulations. In other cases, we are contractually required to comply with certain regulations to which our bank partners are subject. These regulations, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, and the EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive typically require businesses to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity, and maintain transaction records.
We are also subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs administered by OFAC and similar foreign governmental agencies, which prohibit or restrict transactions with specified countries, governments, and, in certain circumstances, nationals, as well as narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations. Other group entities may be subject to additional foreign or local sanctions requirements in other relevant jurisdictions.
Similar anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing and proceeds of crime laws apply to movements of currency and payments through electronic transactions and to dealings with persons specified in lists maintained by the country
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equivalents to OFAC lists in several other countries and require specific data retention obligations to be observed by intermediaries in the payment process. Our businesses in those jurisdictions are subject to those data retention obligations.
Failure to comply with any of these laws or regulations or changes in this legal or regulatory environment, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by the government, may result in significant financial penalties or reputational harm, or change the manner in which we currently conduct some aspects of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection, and information security, as well as consumer protection laws across different markets where we conduct our business. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
Privacy and data security have become significant issues in North America, Europe, and in many other jurisdictions where we may conduct our operations in the future. As we receive, collect, process, use, and store personal and confidential data, we are subject to diverse laws and regulations relating to data privacy and security, including, in the United States, local state laws such as the CCPA which took effect on January 1, 2020, and the forthcoming California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020 (the “CPRA”), which expands upon the CCPA and became operative in January 2023 (with a lookback to January 1, 2022), and, in the EU, the GDPR.
The CCPA requires companies (regardless of their location) that collect personal information of California residents to notify consumers about their data collection, use, and sharing practices and grants consumers specific rights to access and delete their data and to opt out of certain types of data sharing. The California Attorney General is currently responsible for the enforcement of the CCPA and can impose statutory fines for violations. Consumers also have a limited private right of action for unauthorized access to certain categories of information. The CPRA expands the CCPA to create additional consumer privacy rights, such as the right of correction and the right to limit the use and disclosure of sensitive personal information, and establishes a new privacy enforcement agency. Additionally, other U.S. states continue to propose, and in certain cases adopt, data privacy legislation such as Colorado, Virginia, Utah, and Connecticut. The privacy laws emulate the CCPA and the CPRA in many respects, but despite similarities each law includes its own unique compliance requirements. Aspects of the interpretation and enforcement of these laws remain uncertain. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination, and security of data. The effects of such laws and other laws and regulations that may be enacted, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur compliance-related costs and expense.
GDPR is directly applicable in each EU member state and applies to companies established in the EU that process personal data as well as companies outside of the EU that collect and use personal data to offer goods or services to, or monitor the behavior of, individuals in the EU. GDPR applies stringent data protection obligations for processors and controllers of personal data. Data Protection Authorities in each European jurisdiction are responsible for the enforcement of GDPR and can impose significant penalties and fines for failure to comply with GDPR, including fines of up to €20 million, or 4% of total worldwide annual turnover (revenue), whichever is higher, as well as orders to curtail operations, such as orders to cease certain processing activities or data transfers. Additionally, post-Brexit, the United Kingdom has implemented the GDPR into domestic law through the Data Protection Act and UK GDPR. As of January 2021, we are required to comply with the GDPR and also analogous UK laws, exposing us to two parallel regimes which may diverge in the future, each of which potentially authorizes similar fines and enforcement actions for certain violations.
Compliance with these privacy and data security requirements is rigorous and time-intensive and may increase our cost of doing business. Failure to comply with these requirements, or any other laws or regulations applicable to our business, may expose us to fines and other penalties, litigation, or reputational harm, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The regulatory framework for the receipt, collection, processing, use, safeguarding, and sharing and transfer of personal and confidential data is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future as new global privacy rules are enacted and existing ones are updated and strengthened. New or evolving regulations could require us to modify
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our systems, products, or processes, possibly in a material manner, and could limit our ability to develop new services and features.
Failure to enforce and defend our intellectual property rights may diminish our competitive advantages or interfere with our ability to market and promote our products and services.
Our trademarks, trade names, trade secrets, know-how, proprietary technology, and other intellectual property are important to our future success, including the rights associated with our EVO and certain of our operating subsidiaries’ trademarks and trade names, among others. We believe our trademarks and trade names are widely recognized and associated with quality and reliable service. While it is our policy to vigorously defend our intellectual property, there can be no assurance that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to prevent infringement, misappropriation, or other violations. We also cannot guarantee that others will not independently develop technology with the same or similar functions as the proprietary technology we rely on to conduct our business and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. Furthermore, we may face claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property that could interfere with our ability to market and promote our products and services. Any litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or defend ourselves againstclaims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights could be costly, divert attention of management, and may not ultimately be resolved in our favor. Moreover, if we are unable to successfullydefendagainstclaims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, we may be prevented from using certain intellectual property and may be liable for damages, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition, the laws of certain non-U.S. countries where we do business or may do business in the future may not recognize intellectual property rights or protect them to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.
We may be adversely impacted by new or revised tax regulations or their interpretations, or by becoming subject to additional foreign or U.S. federal, state, or local taxes that cannot be passed through to our merchants or partners.
We are subject to tax laws in each jurisdiction where we do business. Changes in tax laws or their interpretation could decrease the amount of revenues we receive, the value of any tax loss carry-forwards and tax credits recorded on our balance sheet, and the amount of our cash flow or net income, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition, our financial results could be adversely impacted if we become subject to new or additional taxes that cannot be passed through to our merchants or partners.
In addition to changes in tax regulations or interpretations, our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
allocation of expenses to and among different jurisdictions;
changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;
tax effects of stock-based compensation; and
mix of future earnings and tax liabilities recognized in foreign jurisdictions at varying rates versus U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes.
In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales, and other taxes by U.S. federal, state, and local, as well as foreign taxing authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws, regulations, and enforcement activities may adversely affect our products, services, and the markets in which we operate.
We and our merchants are subject to laws and regulations that affect the electronic payments industry in the many countries in which our services are used. Our merchants are subject to numerous laws and regulations applicable to banks, financial institutions, and card issuers in the United States and abroad, and, consequently, we are at times affected by these foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations. A number of our subsidiaries in our European segment hold a PI license,
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allowing them to operate in the EU member states in which such subsidiaries do business. As a PI, we are subject to regulation and oversight in the applicable EU member states, which includes, among other obligations, a requirement to maintain specific regulatory capital and adhere to certain rules regarding the conduct of our business, including PSD2. PSD2 contains a number of additional regulatory provisions, such as provisions relating to SCA, which required industry wide systems upgrades, and DCC, which requires additional disclosures to our customers. Failure to comply with SCA requirements may result in fines from card networks as well as declined payments from card issuers which could adversely impact our business.
See “Item 1. Business—Regulatory” for more information on certain laws and regulations to which we are subject. In addition, the U.S. government has increased its scrutiny of a number of credit card practices from which some of our merchants derive significant revenue. Regulation of the payments industry, including regulations applicable to us and our merchants, has also increased significantly in recent years.
We are also subject to U.S. and international financial services regulations, a myriad of consumer protection laws, including economic sanctions, laws and regulations, anticorruption laws, escheat regulations, and privacy and information security regulations. In addition, certain of our financial institution partners are subject to regulation by federal and state authorities and, as a result, could pass through some of those compliance obligations to us, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Failure to comply with laws and regulations could damage our reputation, result in the suspension or revocation of licenses and registrations (including our PI licenses), and subject us to enforcement or criminal actions or penalties, including fines. Post-Brexit, we are operating within the United Kingdom pursuant to the temporary permissions regime and have applied to the FCA for a stand alone PI license to operate long-term in the United Kingdom market.
A loss of our PI licenses would prevent us from operating our business in the EU. In addition, we are subject to the rules of Mastercard, Visa, and other credit and debit networks. Any failure to comply with the networks’ requirements or to pay the fines they impose could cause the termination of our registrations and require us to stop providing payment processing services. Violations of law by our merchants and partners could impact our ability to operate our business and could threaten our licenses and registrations. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Changes to regulations that are applicable to us, our merchants, our partners, or the card networks could require us to make capital investments to modify our processes or services and could reduce the fees we are able to charge our merchants. Regulations could also result in greater pricing transparency and increased price-based competition leading to lower margins and higher rates of merchant attrition. Furthermore, any regulatory change that results in modifications to our merchants’ business practices could change the demand for our services and alter the type or volume of transactions that we process on behalf of our merchants. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We are involved in various litigation matters. We are also involved in, or are the subject of, governmental or regulatory agency inquiries or investigations and make voluntary self-disclosures to government or regulatory agencies from time to time. Our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. If we are unsuccessful in our defense in these litigation matters, or any other legal proceeding, we may be forced to pay damages or fines, enter into consent decrees or change our business practices, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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Risks related to our organizational structure
Our principal asset is our interest in EVO, LLC, and, as a result, we depend on distributions from EVO, LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the tax receivable agreement with the Continuing LLC Owners (the “TRA”). EVO, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions.
We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of LLC Interests. As such, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and our ability to pay our taxes and operating expenses or declare and pay dividends in the future, if any, will be dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of EVO, LLC and its subsidiaries and distributions we receive from EVO, LLC. There can be no assurance that our subsidiaries will generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to us or that applicable state law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants in our debt instruments, will permit such distributions. Although EVO, LLC is not currently subject to any debt instruments or other agreements that would restrict its ability to make distributions to EVO, Inc., the terms of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities restrict the ability of our subsidiary, EVO Payments International, LLC, and certain of its subsidiaries to pay dividends to EVO, LLC.
EVO, LLC will continue to report as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, any taxable income of EVO, LLC will be allocated to holders of LLC Interests, including us. Accordingly, we will incur income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of EVO, LLC. Under the terms of its limited liability company agreement, EVO, LLC will be obligated to make tax distributions to holders of LLC Interests, including us. In addition to tax expenses, we may also incur expenses related to our operations. We intend, as its managing member, to cause EVO, LLC to make cash distributions to the owners of LLC Interests in an amount sufficient to (1) fund all or part of their tax obligations in respect of taxable income allocated to them, including as applicable, payments under the TRA, which could be significant, and (2) cover our operating expenses. However, EVO, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions, such as restrictions on distributions that would violate applicable law or any agreement to which EVO, LLC is then a party, including debt agreements, or that would have the effect of rendering EVO, LLC insolvent. Payments required under the TRA are generally funded by taxable income and represent the tax benefit from the step-up in tax basis that is passed on to the TRA holders. If we do not have sufficient funds to pay taxes or other liabilities or to fund our operations, we may have to borrow funds, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and subject us to various restrictions imposed by lenders. To the extent we are unable to make timely payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach that would accelerate payments due under the TRA. In addition, if EVO, LLC does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, our ability to declare and pay cash dividends will also be restricted or impaired. See “General Risks” and “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Dividend policy.”
The TRA requires us to make cash payments to the Continuing LLC Owners in respect of certain tax benefits to which we may become entitled, and we expect that those payments will be substantial.
Under the TRA, we are required to make cash payments to the Continuing LLC Owners equal to 85% of the tax benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or in certain circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of (1) the increases in our share of the tax basis of assets of EVO, LLC resulting from any purchases or redemptions of LLC Interests from the Continuing LLC Owners or exchanges by the Continuing LLC Owners of LLC Interests (and paired Class D common stock) for Class A common stock, and (2) certain other tax benefits related to our making payments under the TRA. In general, we are obligated to fund these payments over time on a pro rata basis to the extent we have realized or are deemed to realize tax benefits. We expect that the amount of the cash payments required under the TRA will be significant, but only to the extent we have taxable income. Any payments made by us to the Continuing LLC Owners under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the TRA could make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that are the subject of the TRA.
The actual amount and timing of any payments under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges by the holders of LLC Interests, the amount of gain recognized by such holders of
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LLC Interests, the amount and timing of the taxable income allocated to us or otherwise generated by us in the future, and the federal tax rates then applicable.
In connection with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, EVO, Inc., EVO, LLC, and certain other parties to the TRA entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA Amendment”), pursuant to which such parties agreed to certain terms with respect to the treatment of the TRA upon the consummation of the Merger. In the event the Merger Agreement is terminated, the TRA Amendment will no longer be of any force and effect.
Our organizational structure, including the TRA, confers certain benefits upon the Continuing LLC Owners that do not benefit holders of our Class A common stock to the same extent that they benefit the Continuing LLC Owners.
Our organizational structure, including the TRA, confers certain benefits upon the Continuing LLC Owners that do not benefit the holders of our Class A common stock to the same extent, such as the payment by EVO, Inc. to the Continuing LLC Owners of 85% of the amount of certain tax benefits, discussed above. Although EVO, Inc. retains 15% of the amount of such tax benefits, this and other aspects of our organizational structure that benefit the Continuing LLC Owners may adversely impact the future trading market for the Class A common stock.
In certain cases, payments under the TRA to the Continuing LLC Owners may be accelerated or significantly exceed any actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA.
The TRA provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales, business combinations, or changes of control transactions, or the early termination of the TRA at our election, payments to the Continuing LLC Owners under the TRA are based on certain assumptions, including an assumption that we will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the potential future tax benefits that are subject to the TRA.
As a result, (1) we could be required to make payments under the TRA that are greater than the specified percentage of any actual tax benefits we ultimately realize and (2) if we elect to terminate the TRA early, we would be required to make an immediate cash payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits that are the subject of the TRA, based on certain assumptions, which payment may occur significantly in advance of the actual realization of such future tax benefits, if any. In these situations, our obligations under the TRA could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations, or other changes of control. There can be no assurance that we will be able to fund or finance our obligations under the TRA.
We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to the Continuing LLC Owners under the TRA in the event that any tax benefits are disallowed.
Payments under the TRA will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine. The IRS or another tax authority may challenge all or part of the tax basis increases or other tax benefits we claim, as well as other related tax positions we take, and a court could sustain such challenge. If the outcome of any such challenge would reasonably be expected to materially affect a recipient’s payments under the TRA, then we will not be permitted to settle or fail to contest such challenge without the consent (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) of each Continuing LLC Owner that owns at least 10% of the outstanding LLC Interests. The interests of the Continuing LLC Owners in any such challenge may differ from or conflict with our interests or the interests of holders of our Class A common stock and therefore the exercise of their consent rights may be adverse to our interests and the interests of holders of our Class A common stock. We will not be reimbursed for any cash payments previously made to the Continuing LLC Owners under the TRA in the event that any tax benefits initially claimed by us and for which payment has been made to a Continuing LLC Owner are subsequently challenged by a taxing authority and are ultimately disallowed. Instead, any excess cash payments made by us to a Continuing LLC Owner will be netted against any future cash payments that we might otherwise be required to make to such Continuing LLC Owner under the terms of the TRA. However, we may not determine that we have effectively made an excess cash payment to a Continuing LLC Owner for a number of years following the initial time of such payment and, if any of our tax reporting positions are challenged by a taxing authority, we will not be permitted to reduce any future cash payments under the TRA until any such challenge is finally settled or determined. Moreover, the excess cash payments we previously made under the TRA could be greater than the amount of future cash payments against which we would
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otherwise be permitted to net such excess. As a result, payments could be made under the TRA significantly in excess of any tax savings that we realize in respect of the tax attributes with respect to a Continuing LLC Owner that are the subject of the TRA.
If we were deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a result of our ownership of EVO, LLC, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the 1940 Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if it (1) is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities or (2) engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined under the 1940 Act.
As the sole managing member of EVO, LLC, we control and operate EVO, LLC. On that basis, we believe that our interest in EVO, LLC is not an “investment security” as that term is used in the 1940 Act. However, if we were to cease participation in the management of EVO, LLC, our interest in EVO, LLC could be deemed an “investment security” for purposes of the 1940 Act.
We and EVO, LLC intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. However, if we were to be deemed an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks related to our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and the ownership interest of our Continuing LLC Owners
Our Series A convertible preferred stock has rights, preferences, and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights of holders of our Class A common stock, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and could in the future substantially dilute the ownership interest of holders of our Class A common stock.
In April 2020, the Company issued 152,250 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”), all of which were purchased by an affiliate of MDP.
The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s Class A common stock with respect to dividends and distributions on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution. Holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative, paid-in-kind (“PIK”) dividends, which will be payable semi-annually in arrears by increasing the liquidation preference for each outstanding share of Preferred Stock. These PIK dividends accrue at an annual rate of (i) 6.00% per annum for the first ten years and (ii) 8.00% per annum thereafter. Holders of Preferred Stock are also entitled to participate in and receive any dividends declared or paid on the Class A common stock on an as-converted basis, and no dividends may be paid to holders of Class A common stock unless full participating dividends are concurrently paid to holders of Series A Preferred Stock. See Note 16, “Redeemable Preferred Stock,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Under various circumstances defined in the Certificate of Designations, (a) holders of shares of our Preferred Stock may be entitled to convert such shares into shares of our Class A common stock, or (b) we may require all holders of such shares to convert such shares to shares of our Class A common stock. Additionally, if the Company undergoes a change of control (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), each holder of Preferred Stock may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the Preferred Stock for cash consideration equal to up to 150% of the then-current liquidation preference per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, if any. In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the holders of Preferred Stock agreed to convert the Preferred Stock into Class A common stock effective immediately prior to the closing of the Merger.
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The share repurchase obligations could adversely affect our liquidity and reduce the amount of cash available for working capital, capital expenditures, growth opportunities, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes. Our obligations to the holders of Preferred Stock could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing and increase our borrowing costs, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. The preferential rights could also result in divergent interests between the holders of Preferred Stock and holders of shares of our Class A common stock.
As holders of our Preferred Stock are entitled to vote, on an as-converted basis, together with holders of our Class A common stock, the issuance of the Preferred Stock effectively reduces the relative voting power of the holders of our Class A common stock. Any conversion of Preferred Stock into Class A common stock would dilute the ownership interest of existing holders of our Class A common stock, and any sales in the public market of the Class A common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.
Holders of the Preferred Stock may exercise influence over us, including through their ability to designate a member of our board of directors.
As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding shares of our Preferred Stock represented approximately 18.9% of our outstanding Class A common stock, on an as-converted basis. Holders of Preferred Stock generally will be entitled to vote with the holders of the shares of Class A common stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of shares of Class A common stock (voting together with the holders of shares of Class A common stock as one class) on an as-converted basis. The terms of the Preferred Stock grant holders of the Preferred Stock consent rights with respect to certain actions by us, including (1) the authorization, creation, increase in the authorized amount of, or issuance of any class or series of senior or parity equity securities or any security convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, shares of senior or parity equity securities, (2) amendments, modifications or repeal of any provision of the Company’s charter or of the Certificate of Designations that would adversely affect the rights, preferences or voting powers of the Preferred Stock, and (3) certain business combinations and binding or statutory share exchanges or reclassification involving the Preferred Stock unless such events do not adversely affect the rights, preferences or voting powers of the Preferred Stock. As a result, holders of Preferred Stock have the ability to influence the outcome of certain matters affecting our governance and capitalization.
In addition, under the terms of our director nomination agreement with MDP, which was amended and restated in connection with the issuance of the Preferred Stock, MDP has the right to designate for nomination up to two of our directors until MDP no longer holds at least 15% of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock. Thereafter, MDP will have the right to designate one director for nomination until such time as MDP no longer holds at least 5% of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock. Any director designated by MDP is entitled to serve on committees of our board of directors, subject to applicable law and stock exchange rules. Notwithstanding the fact that all directors will be subject to fiduciary duties to us and to applicable law, the interests of the director designated by MDP may differ from the interests of other stockholders.
The Continuing LLC Owners have significant influence over us.
The Continuing LLC Owners control a significant portion of the aggregate voting power represented by all our outstanding classes of stock. As a result, the Continuing LLC Owners exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our certificate of incorporation, and approval of significant corporate transactions, and will continue to have significant control over our management and policies. Four members of our board of directors are Continuing LLC Owners or are affiliated with our Continuing LLC Owners. The Continuing LLC Owners can take actions that have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other stockholders oppose them. In addition, the concentration of voting power with the Continuing LLC Owners may have an adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock and the interests of the Continuing LLC Owners may not be consistent with the interests of our Class A stockholders.
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General Risks
The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, our business.
The ongoing effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response have had a significant impact on global economic conditions and may negatively impact certain aspects of our business and results of operations in the future. While many of the direct impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have eased, the longer-term macroeconomic effects on global supply chains, inflation, labor shortages and wage increases continue to impact many industries and we, and our merchants, may continue to experience disruption in our business, including volatility in transaction volume and the number of transactions processed.
The pandemic continues to evolve, with the potential for new strains of existing viruses to emerge, or other pandemics or epidemics, and certain of the impacts of the pandemic may continue to affect our results in the future, including due to: inflationary pressures arising from supply chain disruptions, depressed transaction activity, and reimpositions of travel restrictions which may reduce cross-border transactions. Continued or future shutdowns, partial reopenings, or the re-imposition of previously lifted restrictions could directly or indirectly impact transaction volumes and negatively impact our operating results. A prolongeddisruption in economic activity could adversely impact our business and financial performance, including the potential impairment of certain assets.
The full extent of the impact and effects of COVID-19, and any future pandemics or epidemics, on our business will depend on future developments, including, among other factors, the duration and spread of the outbreak (including whether there are additional periods of increases in the number of COVID-19 cases in future periods), its severity, the evolution of new variants of the virus, the effectiveness of government actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, the length of government restrictions, the distribution and effectiveness of the vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions resume. COVID-19, or any future pandemics or epidemics, and resulting impacts on the global economy and consumer spending and future developments in these and other areas present uncertainty and risk with respect to our future performance and results of operations.
Certain provisions of Delaware law and antitakeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.
Certain provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an antitakeover effect and may delay, defer, or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt, or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. These provisions provide for, among other things:
a multi-class common stock structure;
a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms;
the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;
advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;
certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;
a prohibition on cumulative voting in the election of directors;
the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power represented by our then-outstanding common stock; and
amendment of certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation only by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power represented by our then-outstanding common stock.
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These provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer was considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares.
In addition, we have opted out of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), but our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder (any stockholder with 15% or more of our voting stock) for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions.
Because we have no current plans to pay regular cash dividends on our Class A common stock, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Class A common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
We do not anticipate paying any regular cash dividends on our Class A common stock. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is, and may be, limited by covenants of existing and any future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur, including under our existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Therefore, any return on investment in our Class A common stock is solely dependent upon the appreciation of the price of our Class A common stock on the open market, which may not occur. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company has agreed to suspend any regular cash dividends during the term of the Merger Agreement.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees, or stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any (1) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of our Company, (2) claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee, or stockholder to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (3) claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws or (4) action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in another jurisdiction, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We have renounced the doctrine of corporate opportunity to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the corporate opportunity doctrine will not apply, to the extent permitted by applicable law, against any of our officers, directors, or stockholders or their respective affiliates (other than those officers, directors, stockholders, or affiliates acting in their capacity as our employee or director) in a manner that would prohibit them from investing or participating in competing businesses. To the extent any of our officers, directors or stockholders or their respective affiliates invest in such other businesses, they may have differing interests than our other stockholders. For example, subject to any contractual limitations, our officers, directors or stockholders or
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their respective affiliates’ funds may currently invest, and may choose in the future to invest, in other companies within the electronic payments industry which may compete with our business. Accordingly, in certain circumstances, the interests of our officers, directors, or stockholders or their respective affiliates may compete against us or pursue opportunities instead of us, for which we have no recourse. These actions on the part of our officers, directors, or stockholders or their respective affiliates could adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, the price and trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock relies, in part, on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or our industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts stops covering us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the stock price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.
As a public reporting company, we are subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and Nasdaq regarding our internal control over financial reporting.
We are a public reporting company subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and Nasdaq. These rules and regulations require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal control over financial reporting. For example, we are required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting or if we are unable to comply with the requirements applicable to us as a public company, in a timely manner, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by the SEC. If this occurs, we could become subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In addition, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, we may face restricted access to the capital markets, and the market price for our Class A common stock may be adversely affected.
Future sales of Class A common stock in the public market (including shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exchange of LLC Interests or upon conversion of our Series A convertible preferred stock), or the perception of future sales, by us or our existing stockholders could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.
The sale of a significant amount of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
As part of the Reorganization Transactions, the Continuing LLC Owners received certain sale and exchange rights. Specifically, Blueapple has a sale right providing that, upon our receipt of a sale notice from Blueapple, we will use our commercially reasonable best efforts to pursue a public offering of shares of our Class A common stock and use the net proceeds therefrom to purchase LLC Interests from Blueapple. In addition, pursuant to an exchange agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) each Continuing LLC Owner (other than Blueapple) has an exchange right providing that, upon receipt of an exchange notice from such Continuing LLC Owner, we will exchange the applicable LLC Interests from such Continuing LLC Owner for newly issued shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Each Continuing LLC Owner (other than Blueapple) also received certain registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement, including customary piggyback registration rights, which include the right to participate on a pro rata basis in any public offering we conduct in response to our receipt of a sale notice from Blueapple. In addition, MDP received customary demand registration rights that require us to register shares of Class A common stock held by it, including any Class A common stock received upon our exchange of Class A common stock for its LLC Interests. These registration rights also cover the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A convertible preferred stock held by MDP. Blueapple has the right, in connection with any public offering we conduct (including any offering conducted as a result of an exercise by MDP of its registration rights), to request that we use our commercially reasonable best efforts to
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pursue a public offering of shares of our Class A common stock and use the net proceeds therefrom to purchase a pro rata portion of its LLC Interests. The market price of shares of our Class A common stock could decline, potentially significantly, if any of these stockholders exercise their registration, sale, or exchange rights.
In the future, we may also issue securities in connection with investments, acquisitions, or capital raising activities. In particular, the number of shares of our Class A common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition, or to raise additional equity capital, could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of our Class A common stock. In addition, we have reserved shares of Class A common stock for issuance under our Amended and Restated 2018 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan to our employees, directors, officers, and consultants. Any issuance of additional securities in the future may result in additional dilution to the holders of our Class A common stock or may adversely impact the price of our Class A common stock.
The market price for our Class A common stock may change significantly, and holders of our Class A common stock may not be able to resell shares at or above the price they paid or at all.
It is possible that an active trading market for our Class A common stock will not be sustained, which could make it difficult for holders of our Class A common stock to sell their shares at an attractive price or at all. In addition, volatility in the market price of our Class A common stock may prevent shareholders from selling shares of our Class A common stock at or above the price they paid for them. Many factors, which are outside our control, may cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fluctuate significantly, including those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as the following:
results of operations that vary from those of our competitors or the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;
technology changes, changes in consumer behavior, or changes in merchant relationships in our industry;
security breaches related to our systems or those of our merchants, affiliates, or partners;
changes in market valuations of, or earnings and other announcements by, companies in our industry;
declines in the market prices of stocks generally, particularly those of payment companies;
market response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related government actions;
announcements by us, our competitors, or our partners of significant contracts, new products, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships and partnerships, or capital commitments;
changes in business, regulatory, economic, or market conditions affecting our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the consumer spending environment;
investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our Class A common stock relative to other investment alternatives;
announcements relating to litigation or governmental investigations;
guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance, or our failure to meet this guidance;
the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our Class A common stock;
changes in accounting principles; and
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other events or factors, including those resulting from system failures and disruptions, pandemics, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism, or responses to these events.
Broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Furthermore, the stock market may experience extreme volatility that, in some cases, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. For example, in 2022, our stock and the stock of many companies in the payments and financial services industries experienced significant volatility. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low.
In addition, the price of our Class A common stock increased significantly in connection with the announcement of the Merger. The price of our Class A common stock will significantly decline if the proposed transaction with Global Payments is not consummated within the intended timeframe or at all.
Founded in 1989 as an individually owned, independent sales organization in the United States, we have transformed into a publicly traded company that today derives approximately 65% of its revenues from markets outside of the United States. Our revenue consists primarily of transaction and volume based fees, as well as fixed fees for certain services we perform .
We classify our business into two segments: the Americas and Europe. The alignment of our segments is designed to establish lines of business that support the various geographical markets we operate in and allow us to further globalize our solutions while working seamlessly with our teams across these markets. In both of our segments, we provide our customers with merchant acquiring solutions, including integrated solutions for retail transactions at the physical and virtual POS, as well as B2B transactions. Refer to Part I, Item 1 “Business” contained in Part I of this Annual Report for information related to our operating segments and sales distribution channels.
We plan to continue to grow our business and improve our operations by expanding market share in our existing markets and entering new markets. In our current markets, we seek to grow our business through broadening our distribution network, leveraging our innovative payment technology solutions and direct sales force, and acquiring additional merchant portfolios and tech-enabled businesses. We seek to enter new markets through acquisitions and partnerships in Latin America, Europe, and certain other markets.
Executive overview
We delivered solid financial performance in the year ended December 31, 2022, as demonstrated by the highlights below:
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $543.1 million, an increase of 9.4% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 . The increase was primarily due to the growth in our merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, increased card adoption, sales-related activity, including the expansion of our tech-enabled partners, and the increase in economic activity from the abatement of COVID-19 related restrictions, especially in Europe. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar on foreign exchange rates adversely impacted this growth rate by approximately 4.5%.
Americas segment profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $143.3 million, 6.1% higher than the year ended December 31, 2021 . The increase was primarily due to the increase in revenue driven by growth in our
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merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, and sales-related activity, including the expansion of tech-enabled partners.
Europe segment profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $81.0 million, 27.4% higher than the year ended December 31, 2021 . The increase was primarily due to the recognition of a gain related to our investment in Visa Series A preferred stock, operating income from the termination of the marketing alliance agreement with Liberbank, S.A. (“Liberbank”), and an increase in revenue driven by growth in our merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, increased card adoption, sales-related activity, including the expansion of tech-enabled partners, and the increase in economic activity from the abatement of COVID-19 related restrictions.
We processed approximately 4.9 billion transactions in the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 17.4% from the year ended December 31, 2021.
Merger with Global Payments Inc.
On August 1, 2022, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Global Payments and Merger Sub. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, Global Payments has agreed to acquire EVO, Inc. in an all-cash transaction for $34.00 per share of Class A common stock. Upon the consummation of the Merger, we will cease to be a publicly traded company. We have agreed to various customary covenants and agreements, including, among others, agreements to conduct our business in the ordinary course during the period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the effective time of the Merger. We do not believe these restrictions will prevent us from meeting our debt service obligations, ongoing costs of operations, working capital needs, or capital expenditure requirements. The Merger is expected to close in the first quarter in 2023, subject to customary closing conditions.
Business trends and challenges
Economic conditions and uncertainties
Global economic challenges, including the impact of the crisis in Russia and Ukraine, the COVID-19 pandemic, severe and sustained inflation, rising interest rates, supply chain disruptions, and foreign exchange fluctuations could cause economic uncertainty and volatility. The impact of these issues on our business will vary by geographic market. We closely monitor economic conditions and the impact to our revenue. In response to potential reductions in revenue, we can take actions to align our cost structure and manage our working capital. However, there can be no assurance as to the effectiveness of our efforts to mitigate any impact of potential future adverse economic conditions and reductions in our revenue.
COVID-19
We have seen increased economic activity resulting from the abatement of COVID-19 related restrictions; however, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, and may continue to impact global economic conditions and our business. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic to assess and mitigate potential adverse impacts to our business. Longer term, we believe the pandemic will serve as a catalyst for greater utilization of digital payments, a trend we are continuing to see in our markets.
Russia and Ukraine conflict
The ongoing crisis in Russia and Ukraine is also contributing to economic and geopolitical uncertainty. While we do not have operations or merchants in Russia or Ukraine, we are unable to predict the future impact of this evolving situation, including on the political and economic environment in Europe. We will continue to monitor the conflict and assess any potential impact to our operations.
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Other factors impacting our business and results of operations
In general, our revenue is impacted by factors such as global consumer spending trends, foreign exchange rates, the pace of adoption of commerce-enablement and payment solutions, acquisitions and dispositions, types and quantities of products and services provided to merchants, timing and length of contract renewals, new merchant wins, retention rates, mix of payment solution types employed by consumers, and changes in card network fees, including interchange rates and size of merchants served. In addition, we may pursue acquisitions from time to time. These acquisitions could result in redundant costs, such as increased interest expense resulting from indebtedness incurred to finance such acquisitions, or could require us to incur additional costs as we restructure or reorganize our operations following these acquisitions.
Seasonality
We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonality in our revenues as a result of consumer spending patterns. Historically, in both the Americas and Europe, our revenue has been strongest in the fourth quarter and weakest in the first quarter as many of our merchants experience a seasonal lift during the traditional vacation and holiday months. Operating expenses do not typically fluctuate seasonally.
Foreign currency translation impact on our operations
We present our financial statements in U.S. dollars and have approximately 65% of our revenues in non-U.S. dollar currencies. The primary non-U.S. dollar currencies are the Euro, Polish Zloty, and Mexican Peso. Accordingly, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business. It is difficult to predict the future fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates and how those fluctuations will impact our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the future. As a result of the relative size of our international operations, these fluctuations may be material on individual balances. Our revenues and expenses from our international operations are generally denominated in the local currency of the country in which they are derived or incurred. Therefore, the impact of currency fluctuations on our operating results and margins is partially mitigated.
Financial institution partners
We maintain referral partnerships with a number of leading financial institutions, including Deutsche Bank USA, Deutsche Bank Group, Grupo Santander, PKO Bank Polski, Bank of Ireland, Raiffeisen Bank, Moneta, Citibanamex, Sabadell, BCI, and the National Bank of Greece among others. We commenced operations in Chile through our joint venture with BCI (“BCI Pagos”) at the end of the second quarter in 2021. In December 2022, we commenced operations in Greece through our joint venture and exclusive referral relationship with the National Bank of Greece.
These long-term relationships are structured in various ways, such as commercial alliance relationships and joint ventures, and our bank partners typically provide exclusive merchant referrals and credit facilities to support the settlement process. Our relationships with our financial institution partners may be impacted by, among other things, consolidations and other transactions in the banking and payments industries.
In January 2022, Citigroup Inc. announced its decision to exit the consumer, small-business and middle-market banking operations of Citibanamex, our financial institution partner in Mexico. The details of the proposed transaction are unknown, including the identity of the purchaser and anticipated timing of the consummation of their transaction. While our long term, exclusive commercial agreement with Citibanamex remains in place, at this time, we cannot estimate the potential impact of this development to our referral relationship with Citibanamex or our Mexican business.
Following the merger of Unicaja Banco, S.A. and Liberbank, and pursuant to the procedures set forth in the marketing alliance agreement related to a change of control of Liberbank, the parties elected to terminate the marketing alliance agreement in the third quarter of 2022. Income from liquidateddamages of €7.0 million ($6.9 million, based on the foreign exchange rate as of the date presented) was recognized in other operating income on the consolidated statements of operations. The termination of the Liberbank marketing alliance agreement will not have a material impact to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
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One of our Spanish financial institution referral partners, Banco Popular, was acquired by Santander in June 2017. As reported previously and reflected in our previous years’ financial statements, Santander’s acquisition of Banco Popular has adversely impacted our business in Spain. Revenues from this channel have declined significantly primarily due to reduced merchant referrals following the acquisition and the bank’s failure to perform certain of its other obligations under our agreements. See Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Increased regulations and compliance
We, our partners, and our merchants are subject to various laws and regulations that affect the electronic payments industry in the many countries in which our services are used, including numerous laws and regulations applicable to banks, financial institutions, and card issuers. A number of our subsidiaries in our Europe segment hold a PI license, allowing them to operate in the EU member states in which such subsidiaries do business. As a PI, we are subject to regulation and oversight, which include, among other obligations, a requirement to maintain specific regulatory capital and adhere to certain rules regarding the conduct of our business, including PSD2.
PSD2 contains a number of additional regulatory mandates, such as provisions relating to SCA, which aim to increase the security of electronic payments by requiring multi-factor user authentication. Failure to comply with SCA requirements may result in fines from card networks as well as declined payments from card issuers. The EU has also enacted legislation relating to the offering of DCC services, which went into effect in April 2020. These new rules require additional disclosures of foreign exchange margins in connection with our DCC product offerings.
We are currently operating in the United Kingdom within the scope of its temporary permissions regime pending approval of our application for a stand alone PI license. In addition, we continue to closely monitor the impact of Brexit on our operations as further details emerge regarding the post-Brexit regulatory landscape.
Key performance indicators
Transactions Processed
Transactions processed refers to the number of transactions we processed during any given period of time and is a meaningful indicator of our business and financial performance, as a significant portion of our revenue is driven by the number and/or value of transactions we process. In addition, transactions processed provides a valuable measure of the level of economic activity across our merchant base. In our Americas segment, transactions include acquired Visa and Mastercard credit and signature debit, American Express, Discover, UnionPay, JCB, PIN-debit, electronic benefit transactions, and gift card transactions. In our Europe segment, transactions include acquired Visa and Mastercard credit and signature debit, other card network merchant acquiring transactions, and ATM transactions.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 , we processed approximately 4.9 billion transactions, which included approximately 1.1 billion transactions in the Americas and approximately 3.8 billion transactions in Europe. This represents an increase of 3.2% in the Americas and an increase of 22.3% in Europe for an aggregate increase of 17.4% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 . Transactions processed in the Americas and Europe accounted for 22.3% and 77.7%, respectively, of the total transactions we processed for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The changes in the transactions processed during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily driven by the growth in our merchant portfolio, increased card adoption, sales-related activity, including the expansion of our tech-enabled partners, and the increase in economic activity from the abatement of COVID-19 related restrictions especially in Europe.
For the year ended December 31, 2021 , we processed approximately 4.2 billion transactions, which included approximately 1.1 billion transactions in the Americas and approximately 3.1 billion transactions in Europe. This represents an increase of 9.5% in the Americas and an increase of 21.1% in Europe for an aggregate increase of 17.9%
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compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Transactions processed in the Americas and Europe accounted for 25.4% and 74.6%, respectively, of the total transactions we processed for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Comparison of results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of operations in dollars and as a percentage of revenue for the period presented.
Year Ended
Year Ended
(dollar amounts in thousands)
December 31, 2022
% of revenue
December 31, 2021
% of revenue
$ change
% change
Segment revenue:
Americas
Europe
Revenue
Operating expenses:
Cost of services and products
Selling, general, and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Other operating income
Income from operations
Segment profit:
Americas
Europe
Revenue
Revenue was $543.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 , an increase of $46.4 million, or 9.4% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar on foreign exchange rates adversely impacted this growth rate by approximately 4.5%.
Americas segment revenue was $320.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $13.7 million, or 4.5% , compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
Europe segment revenue was $222.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $32.7 million, or 17.3%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar on foreign exchange rates adversely impacted this growth rate by approximately 12.2%.
The increase in both Americas and Europe segment revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to the growth in our merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, increased card adoption, and sales-related activity, including the expansion of our tech-enabled partners.
Operating expenses
Cost of services and products
Cost of services and products was $89.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $13.6 million, or 18.0%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to the increase of 17.4% in transactions processed.
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Selling, general, and administrative expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $309.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $43.4 million, or 16.3%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher professional fees related to the Merger, acquisitions, and litigation as well as personnel costs due to growth in headcount, and incentive compensation expenses based on business performance.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization was $84.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $0.8 million, or 0.9%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the accelerated amortization related to the termination of the Liberbank marketing alliance agreement and the change in recoverability of the Banco Popular marketing alliance agreement, partially offset by lower amortization due to the accelerated amortization method of merchant contract portfolios acquired in prior periods.
Other operating income
Other operating income was $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This income was recognized as a result of the termination of the marketing alliance agreement with Liberbank, in lieu of future merchant referrals and revenue that would have otherwise been earned.
Interest expense
Interest expense was $17.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $5.5 million, or 23.8%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the reduction in the credit spread on the term loan as a result of the refinancing on November 1, 2021.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense represents federal, state, local and foreign taxes based on income in multiple domestic and foreign jurisdictions. Historically, as a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, EVO, LLC’s income was not subject to corporate tax in the United States, but only on income earned in foreign jurisdictions. In the United States, our members were taxed on their proportionate share of income of EVO, LLC. However, following the Reorganization Transactions, we incur corporate tax on our share of taxable income of EVO, LLC. Our income tax expense reflects such U.S. federal, state and local income tax as well as taxes payable in foreign jurisdictions by certain of our subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a tax expense of $36.2 million, which included a net discrete tax expense of $ 2.6 million primarily related to changes in uncertain tax positions offset by the true up of the deferred taxes due to an increase in the state effective tax rate. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a tax expense of $22.0 million, which included a tax benefit of $1.5 million primarily related to the true up of the deferred taxes due to an increase in the state effective tax rate offset by a valuation allowance recorded to reduce the deferred tax assets not expected to be realized in Spain .
Segment performance
Americas segment profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $143.3 million, compared to $135.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 6.1%. The increase was primarily due to the increase in revenue driven by growth in our merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, and sales-related activity, including the expansion of tech-enabled partners, partially offset by an increase of employee compensation, as a result of headcount growth. Americas segment profit margin was 44.7% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 44.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Europe segment profit was $81.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $63.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 27.4%. The increase was primarily due to the recognition of a gain related to our investment in Visa Series A preferred stock, operating income from the termination of the marketing alliance agreement with Liberbank, and an increase in revenue driven by growth in our merchant portfolio, processing volumes and transactions, increased card adoption, sales-related activity, including the expansion of tech-enabled partners, and the increase in economic activity from the abatement of COVID-19 related restrictions. This was partially offset by the impact of the strong U.S. dollar on foreign exchange rates and higher professional fees related to litigation. Europe segment profit margin was 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 33.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Corporate expenses not allocated to a segment were $51.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $35.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the higher professional fees related to the Merger, acquisitions, and litigation.
Comparison of results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The comparison of results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 that are not included in this Form 10-K are included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 .
Liquidity and capital resources for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Overview
We have historically funded our operations primarily with cash flow from operations and, when needed, with borrowings, including under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Our principal uses for liquidity have been debt service, capital expenditures, working capital, and funds required to finance acquisitions. However, the Merger Agreement with Global Payments imposes certain limitations on how we conduct our business during the period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the effective time of the Merger, including limitations on our ability to, among other things, engage in certain acquisitions, incur indebtedness or issue or sell new debt securities.
We expect to continue to use capital to innovate and advance our products as new technologies emerge and to accommodate new regulatory requirements in the markets in which we operate. We expect these strategies to be funded primarily through cash flow from operations and borrowings from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Short-term liquidity needs will primarily be funded through the revolving credit facility portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
To the extent that additional funds are necessary to finance future acquisitions, and to meet our long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute on our strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through additional indebtedness, equity, or debt issuances, or both.
As of December 31, 2022, our capacity under the revolving credit facility portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities was $200.0 million, with availability of $130.7 million for additional borrowings and utilization of $68.2 million and $1.1 million in revolver and standby letters of credit, respectively.
We have structured our operations in a manner to allow for cash to be repatriated through tax-efficient methods using dividends or long-term loans from foreign jurisdictions as our main source of repatriation. We follow local government regulations and contractual restrictions on cash as well as how much and when dividends can be repatriated. As of December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of $356.5 million includes cash in the United States of $110.0 million and $246.5 million in foreign jurisdictions, respectively. Of the United States cash balances, $2.9 million is available for general purposes, and the remaining $107.1 million is considered merchant reserves and settlement-related cash and is therefore unavailable for our general use. Of the foreign cash balances, $100.1 million is available for general purposes, and the remaining $146.4 million is considered merchant reserves and settlement-related cash and is therefore unable to be repatriated. Refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information on our cash and cash equivalents.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. EVO, Inc. is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own. As a result, EVO, Inc.’s ability to pay cash dividends on its common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from EVO, LLC. The amounts available to EVO, Inc. to pay cash dividends are subject to the covenants and distribution restrictions in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Further, EVO, Inc. may not pay cash dividends to holders of Class A common stock unless it concurrently pays full participating dividends to holders of the Preferred Stock on an “as converted” basis. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company has agreed to suspend any regular cash dividends during the term of the Merger Agreement.
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In connection with our IPO, we entered into the Exchange Agreement with certain of the Continuing LLC Owners, under which these Continuing LLC Owners have the right, from time to time, to exchange their units in EVO, LLC and related Class D common shares of EVO, Inc. for shares of our Class A common stock or, at our option, cash. If we choose to satisfy the exchange in cash, we anticipate that we will fund such exchange through cash from operations, funds available under the revolving portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, equity, or debt issuances or a combination thereof. In connection with the Merger Agreement, Blueapple entered into the Common Unit Purchase Agreement with Global Payments and us, pursuant to which Blueapple agreed to sell all of its common units to us in exchange for $1,093,560,292, concurrently with, and contingent and conditioned upon, the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
In addition, in connection with the IPO, we entered into the TRA with the Continuing LLC Owners. Payments required under the TRA are generally funded by taxable income and represent the tax benefit from the step-up in tax basis that is passed on to the TRA holders. Any payments made by us to non-controlling LLC owners under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us and, to the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, the unpaid amounts generally will be deferred and will accrue interest in accordance with the terms of the TRA until paid by us. In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, we entered into the TRA amendment, pursuant to which such parties agreed to terminate the TRA immediately after the effective time of the Merger on the terms set forth therein. In connection with the termination, EVO agreed to pay certain other members of EVO, LLC and their assignees (the “TRA Payment Recipients”) an aggregate termination payment equal to $225 million minus any payments made under the TRA to the TRA Payment Recipients between August 1, 2022 and the effective time of the Merger. Refer to Note 5, “Tax Receivable Agreement,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information on the TRA.
The following table sets forth summary cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 :
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $163.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $59.5 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $103.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher net income and changes in working capital, including the timing of settlement-related assets and liabilities .
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $252.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $177.4 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $74.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of NBG Pay Single Member Societe Anonyme (“NBG Pay”) and Electronic Data Processing Source S.A. (“EDPS”) .
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Financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $43.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $68.2 million, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $24.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the utilization of revolver to facilitate the acquisitions in Greece.
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are impacted by the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates upon translation of non-U.S. currencies to U.S. dollars. The foreign exchange rate volatility in the current year impacted the translation during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
Liquidity and capital resources for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The discussion of cash flow activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 that are not included in this Form 10-K are included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
The Company (through its subsidiary EPI) entered into the Restatement Agreement in November 2021 to amend and restate our senior secured credit facilities (as amended and restated by the Restatement Agreement, the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The Senior Secured Credit Facilities are comprised of a $200.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in November 2026, and a $588.0 million term loan maturing in November 2026. In addition, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities also provide us with the option to access incremental credit facilities, refinance the loans with debt incurred outside our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and extend the maturity date of the revolving loans and term loans, subject to certain limitations and terms. In connection with the Senior Secured Credit Facilities refinanced under the Restatement Agreement, a loss of $5.7 million was presented within other (expense) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021. The total loss of $5.7 million includes a debt extinguishment loss of $2.2 million and a loss of $3.5 million related to unamortized deferred financing costs.
Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at EPI’s option, (a) a base rate, plus an applicable margin or (b) LIBOR, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.75% to 1.75% per annum and for LIBOR loans ranges from 1.75% to 2.75% per annum, in each case based upon achievement of certain consolidated leverage ratios. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal, EPI is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders in respect of the unutilized revolving commitments thereunder ranging from 0.25% to 0.375% per annum based upon achievement of certain consolidated leverage ratios. The Senior Secured Credit Facilities include provisions that provide for the eventual replacement of LIBOR as a reference rate with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (as defined in the credit agreement) or otherwise an alternate benchmark rate that has been selected by the administrative agent and EPI and not objected to by a majority of the lenders.
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities require prepayment of outstanding loans, subject to certain exceptions, with: (1) 100% of the net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of assets (including casualty events) by EPI and its restricted subsidiaries, subject to reinvestment rights and certain other exceptions (subject to step-downs to 50% and 0% based on achievement of certain consolidated leverage ratios), and (2) 50% of the excess cash flow (subject to certain exceptions and step-downs to 25% and 0% based on achievement of certain consolidated leverage ratios).
EPI may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities at any time without a premium.
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All obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities are unconditionally guaranteed by most of EPI’s direct and indirect, wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions.
a first-priority lien on the capital stock owned by EPI or by any guarantor in each of EPI’s or their respective subsidiaries (limited, in the case of capital stock of foreign subsidiaries and first tier domestic subsidiaries substantially all the assets of which are the capital stock of foreign subsidiaries, to 65% of the voting stock and 100% of the non-voting stock of such subsidiaries); and
a first-priority lien on substantially all of EPI’s and each guarantor’s present and future intangible and tangible assets (subject to customary exceptions).
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a number of significant negative covenants. These covenants, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, EPI and its restricted subsidiaries ability to:
incur indebtedness;
create liens;
engage in mergers or consolidations;
make investments, loans and advances;
pay dividends and distributions and repurchase capital stock;
sell assets;
engage in certain transactions with affiliates;
enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
make certain accounting changes; and
make prepayments on junior indebtedness.
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities also contain a financial covenant that requires EPI to remain under a maximum consolidated leverage ratio determined on a quarterly basis with step-downs over time. The Borrower may elect to increase the maximum consolidated leverage ratio with which it must comply by 0.5x up to two times during the term upon the consummation of a “material acquisition.”
In addition, the Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due thereunder and exercise of remedies on the collateral.
Refer to Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Lines of Credit,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information on our long-term debt and settlement lines of credit.
Upon the consummation of the Merger, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities will be paid off in full. However, there can be no assurance that the Merger will be consummated within the anticipated timeline or at all. For additional discussion regarding our risks related to the Merger, see the risks described under the caption “Risks related to the Merger” in Item 1A, Part I of this Annual Report.
Settlement lines of credit
We have specialized lines of credit which are restricted for use in funding settlement. The settlement lines of credit generally have variable interest rates and are subject to annual review. As of December 31, 2022, we had $5.0 million outstanding under these lines of credit with additional capacity of $296.5 million to fund settlement.
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Contractual obligations
Our purchase obligations consists of agreements to purchase goods and services, including POS terminals, software licenses, and software maintenance support, entered into in the ordinary course of business.
We lease certain facilities under non-cancellable operating lease arrangements that expire at various dates in the future. As of December 31, 2022, the value of our obligations under operating leases was $50.8 million. Refer to Note 7, “Leases,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Our tax receivable agreement requires us to make payments to the Continuing LLC Owners in the amount equal to 85% of the applicable cash tax savings, if any. Refer to Note 5, “Tax Receivable Agreement,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the periods described is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments in certain circumstances that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and contingencies as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical information and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We have provided a summary of our significant accounting policies, as well as a discussion of our evaluation of the impact of recent accounting pronouncements in Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The following discussion pertains to accounting policies management believes are most critical to the portrayal of our historical financial condition and results of operations and that require significant, difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Other companies in similar businesses may use different estimation policies and methodologies, which may impact the comparability of our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows to those of other companies.
Revenue recognition
Our primary revenue source consists of fees for payment processing services and revenue from the sale and rental of electronic POS equipment. Payment processing service revenue is primarily based on a percentage of transaction value or on a specified amount per transaction or related services.
When third parties are involved in the Company’s merchant acquiring arrangements and processing services, we apply judgment to determine whether we are acting as a principal or an agent of the third party. We follow the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which states that the determination of whether an entity should recognize revenue based on the gross amount billed to a customer or the net amount retained is a matter of judgment that depends on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. To determine whether we are acting as a principal or an agent, we assess indicators including: 1) whether we or the third party is primarily responsible for fulfillment; 2) which party has discretion in establishing pricing for the service; and 3) other considerations deemed to be applicable to the specific situation.
Refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 2, “Revenue,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Goodwill and intangible assets
We evaluate our goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are consistent with our segments: the Americas and Europe.
Factors we consider in the qualitative assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, changes in certain costs, overall financial performance of each reporting unit, and other relevant entity-specific events. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment or if we determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, a quantitative test would be required.
The quantitative impairment test involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using both an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, we estimate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on our estimates of revenue growth rates, operating margins, and other factors, such as working capital and capital expenditures. The discount rate is based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risks associated with business specific characteristics and the uncertainty related to the reporting unit's ability to execute on the projected cash flows. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of revenue and earnings derived from comparable publicly traded companies with characteristics similar to the reporting unit. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves judgment and the use of significant estimates and assumptions, which include revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk adjusted discount rates, and the selection of appropriate market multiples.
Finite-lived intangible assets include merchant contract portfolios and customer relationships, marketing alliance agreements, trademarks, internally developed and acquired software, and non-competition agreements.
The acquired intangible assets were recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. Determination of the fair value of our acquired merchant contract portfolios, customer relationships, marketing alliance agreements, and acquired software involves significant estimates and assumptions related to revenue growth rates, discount rates, merchant attrition rates, and expected merchant referrals from our referral partners. Determination of the fair value of our acquired trademarks involves significant estimates and assumptions related to revenue growth rates, royalty rates, and discount rates.
We also develop software that is used in providing services to our customers. Capitalization of internal-use software occurs when we have completed the preliminary project stage. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage are expensed as incurred.
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from 2 to 21 years using either accelerated or straight-line method. Determination of estimated useful lives of intangible assets requires significant judgment. The useful lives for customer-related intangible assets are based primarily on forecasted cash flows, which include estimates for the revenues, expenses, and customer attrition associated with the assets. The useful lives of contract-based intangible assets are based on the terms of the agreements. The useful lives of trademarks are based on our assumptions regarding the period of time during which a significant portion of the economic value of such assets is expected to be realized. The useful lives of internally developed and acquired software are based on various factors, including analysis of potential obsolescence due to new technology, competition, and other economic factors. We regularly evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets may warrant revision.
Finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairmentloss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.
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Refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 9, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income taxes
EVO, LLC is considered a pass-through entity for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes. As a pass-through entity, taxable income or loss is passed through to and included in the taxable income of its members.
EVO, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes with respect to our allocable share of taxable income of EVO, LLC and is taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. In addition to incurring actual tax expense, we also may make payments under the TRA. We account for the income tax effects and corresponding TRA effects resulting from future taxable purchases of LLC Interests of the Continuing LLC Owners or exchanges of LLC Interests for Class A common stock at the date of the purchase or exchange by recognizing an increase in our deferred tax assets based on enacted tax rates at that time. Further, we evaluate the likelihood that we will realize the benefit represented by the deferred tax assets and, to the extent that we estimate that it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefit, we reduce the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance. The amounts to be recorded for both the deferred tax assets and the liability for our obligations under the TRA are estimated at the time of any purchase or exchange and are recorded as an increase to shareholders’ equity; the effects of changes in any of our estimates after this date are included in net earnings. Similarly, the effects of subsequent changes in the enacted tax rates are included in net earnings.
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it is expected that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets, and to the extent that the Company estimates that it is more likely than not that a benefit will not be realized, the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets is reduced with a valuation allowance. As a part of this evaluation, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations (including cumulative losses in recent years), to determine whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize existing deferred tax assets.
The Company has identified objective and verifiable negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses on an unadjusted basis in certain jurisdictions over the preceding twelve quarters ended December 31, 2022. The Company evaluated both its actual forecasts of future taxable income and its historical core earnings by jurisdiction over the prior twelve quarters, adjusted for certain nonrecurring items. On the basis of this assessment, and after considering future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, and its actual forecasts of future taxable income, the Company determined that valuation allowances are needed in certain European jurisdictions. In the United States, with the exception of the interest expense limitation and a stand alone domestic subsidiary, the Company concluded that its indefinite lived deferred tax assets will be realizable and recorded no valuation allowance. In arriving at this determination, the Company considered both (i) historical core earnings, after adjusting for certain nonrecurring items, and (ii) the projected future profitability of its core operations and the impact of enacted changes in the application of the interest expense limitation rules beginning in 2022.
In the United States jurisdiction, the Company’s future taxable income projections are derived from historical core operations adjusted for certain non-recurring items, which indicate that the Company will move out of a period of cumulative losses as taxable loss periods are replaced by taxable income periods. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if the Company’s estimates of the projected future profitability of its core operations are reduced by a level significantly different than the Company’s historical revenues and expenses adjusted for certain nonrecurring items. As a secondary measure, the Company compares its adjusted historical core earnings to its actual forecast to ensure that adjusted core earnings are realizable. The Company also evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets, and to the extent that the Company estimates that it is more likely than not that a benefit will not be realized, the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets would be offset with a valuation allowance and the related TRA liability would be reduced. The future taxable income projections are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and could be impacted, both positively and negatively, by changes in our business or the markets in which we operate. A change in the assessment of the realizability of its deferred tax assets could materially impact our results of operations.
Refer to Note 5, “Tax Receivable Agreement,” and Note 12, “Income Taxes,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Redeemable non-controlling interest in eService, BCI Pagos, and NBG Pay
Redeemable non-controlling interest (“RNCI”) in eService, BCI Pagos, and NBG Pay relate to the portion of equity in our consolidated subsidiaries in Poland, Chile, and Greece, not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us, which is realizable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within our control. We adjust the RNCI at each balance sheet date to reflect our estimate of the maximum redemption amount with changes recognized as an adjustment to our additional paid-in capital or, in the absence of additional paid-in capital, to shareholders’ deficit. Such estimate is based on projected operating performance of the subsidiary and the key assumptions used in estimating the fair value include, but are not limited to, revenue growth rates and weighted-average cost of capital.
Refer to Note 17, “Redeemable Non-controlling Interests,” for further information.
New accounting pronouncements
For information regarding new accounting pronouncements, and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, if any, refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
