Duos Technologies Group, Inc.

DUOTCIK 0001396536 · Every Form 4 filed by insiders at this issuer. See financials →

Annual report (10-K)

Latest 10-K filed Mar 31, 2026. Sentiment + YoY language diff vs prior year. Read sections →

Signal:Mild negative shift

Risk Factors:tone -0.0246Δ-0.003687% similar+22/-19 ¶

MD&A:tone -0.0065Δ-0.006264% similar+88/-50 ¶

Sentiment via Loughran-McDonald lexicon · YoY diff via Jaccard similarity + paragraph set difference.

Recent 8-K announcements

Per-item disclosure feed. Item 2.02 is the earnings release.

Jun 2, 20265.07 · Submission9.01 · Financial Statements and Exhibits May 28, 20268.01 · Other Events9.01 · Financial Statements and Exhibits May 20, 2026no items parsed May 19, 2026no items parsed Apr 7, 20265.02 · Departure/Election9.01 · Financial Statements and Exhibits

YoY shift: Lean -

Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.49pp more bearish than last year's.

Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.

Tone shift by section

The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.

Risk Factors

-0.36pp

Lean -

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

MD&A

-0.62pp

Lean -

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

Per-snippet highlights

Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.

Language change vs prior 10-K

Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase

Negative rising

adversely+4
delays+3
unable+2
loss+2
unanticipated+2

Positive rising

able+1
satisfy+1
favorable+1

Risk Factors (Item 1A)

5,163 words

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Risks Related to Our Company and Business

We are shifting our business to focus on data centers and digital infrastructure markets.

We have increasingly prioritized the development, deployment and operation of modular edge data centers and related digital infrastructure services. This strategic shift requires the allocation of capital, management attention and operational resources toward markets in which we have shorter operating history compared to our legacy offerings. If we are unable to execute this new strategy effectively, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our portfolio depends upon local economic conditions and is geographically concentrated in certain locations.

Our portfolio of edge data centers currently is concentrated in the State of Texas. We have begun deployments in other states and expect that geographical expansion will remain our focus. Until then, however, our current edge data center portfolio is dependent on local economic conditions in the State of Texas and could be materially adversely affected by a downturn in the State.

We lease the locations on which our data centers are located and the ability to retain these leases, and to find suitable locations for future deployment of data centers and negotiate leases and satisfy all other development issues for these new locations, could be a significant risk for our ongoing operations.

We lease and do not own the land on which we operate our data centers. We also expect that we will lease the land on which we deploy our data centers in the future. If we are unable to renew our existing leases on favorable terms, if at all, or if we are not able to lease suitable locations for future deployments, our business could be materially adversely affected. Deploying data centers involves substantial planning and entails risks relating to zoning, regulatory approvals, disruptions and delays. In addition, we will be required to secure an adequate supply of power from local utilities, which may result in unanticipated costs. Any inability to secure an appropriate power supply on a timely basis or on acceptable financial terms could adversely affect our ability to deploy our data centers.

We are dependent upon third-party suppliers for power and other services, and we are vulnerable to service failures of our third-party suppliers and to price increases by such suppliers.

We generally rely on third-party local utilities to provide power to our data centers. We are therefore subject to an inherent risk that such local utilities may fail to deliver such power in adequate quantities or on a consistent basis. Any sustained loss of power may also reduce the confidence of our customers in our service. In addition, even when power supplies are adequate, we may be subject to pricing risks and unanticipated costs. Many factors beyond our control may increase the rates charged by the local utilities.

We depend on third parties to provide network connectivity to the customers in our data centers, and any delays or disruptions in connectivity may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our customers require internet connectivity and connectivity to the fiber networks of third-party telecommunications carriers. Our data centers need to provide sufficient access for customers to connect to the carriers. Any carrier may elect not to offer its services within our data centers or may elect to discontinue its service. Furthermore, carriers may periodically experience business difficulties which could affect their ability to provide telecommunications services or the service provided by a carrier may be inadequate or of poor quality. A material loss of adequate third-party connectivity could have an adverse effect on the businesses of our customers and, in turn, our business and results of operations.

The nature of the technology management platforms utilized by us are complex and highly integrated, and if we fail to successfully manage releases or integrate new solutions, it could harm our revenues, operating income, and reputation.

The technology platforms developed and designed by us accommodate integrated applications that include our own developed technology and third-party technology, thereby substantially increasing their functionality.

Due to this complexity and the condensed development cycles under which we operate, we may experience errors in our software, corruption or loss of our data, or unexpected performance issues from time to time. For example, our solutions may face interoperability difficulties with software operating systems or programs being used by our customers, or new releases, upgrades, fixes or the integration of acquired technologies may have unanticipated consequences on the operation and performance of our other solutions. If we encounter integration challenges or discover errors in our solutions late in our development cycle, it may cause us to delay our launch dates. Any major integration or interoperability issues or launch delays could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operating income and reputation.

We may be adversely affected by the effects of inflation and supply chain disruption.

Our business operates in an environment of long bid to contract award cycles. Our customer’s bid requirements are such that firm pricing is expected on much or all of our proposals and as such we must commit to certain commercial terms and conditions such as pricing. In addition, the Company hires employees and contractors to perform most (if not all) of the work required to complete a contract. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, impacts of inflation upon previously forecasted costs including employees that require higher salaries, contractors demanding higher prices for jobs and higher costs for materials necessary to complete contracts. While we endeavor to charge additional costs to our customers, in some cases this may not be possible contractually and as a result our profitability may suffer as a result. Although we anticipate these effects to be mitigated in the long term, we cannot be assured that this will be possible in all or any instances and as such our revenue, profitability and growth prospects may suffer as a result of this.

Current supply chain issues continue to extend deadlines for shipment of key components used in our technology systems. The effect of this may be to delay revenue recognition. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience delays to our business operations resulting from lack of materials availability, delays in securing key components, and other material and personnel shortages that may impact our ability to implement our products and services in a timely manner or meet required milestones or customer commitments. In addition, higher costs for travel may adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. This has made it necessary for the Company to order certain components prior to receiving a contract to ensure we have key components available when necessary to satisfy future contract obligations.

Our products and services may fail to keep pace with rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards.

The markets in which we operate are characterized by rapid, and sometimes disruptive, technological developments, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and changes in customer requirements. In addition, both traditional and new competitors are investing heavily in our market areas and competing for customers. As next-generation technology continues to evolve, we must keep pace in order to maintain or expand our market position. We continue to introduce new product offerings as potential revenue drivers. If we are not able to successfully add staff resources with sufficient technical skills to develop and bring these new products to market in a timely manner, achieve market acceptance of our products and services or identify new market opportunities for our products and services, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

The market opportunity for our products and services may not develop in the ways that we anticipate.

The demand for our products and services could change quickly and in ways that we may not anticipate. Our operating results may be adversely affected if the market opportunity for our products and services does not develop in the ways that we anticipate or if other technologies become more accepted or standard in our industry or disrupt our technology platforms.

Our revenues are dependent on general economic conditions and the willingness of enterprises to invest in technology.

We believe that operators in the business sectors we are focused on continue to be cautious about sustained economic growth and seek to maintain or improve profitability through cost control and constrained spending. While our core technologies are designed to address cost reduction, other factors may cause companies to delay or cancel capital projects, including the implementation of our products and services. In addition, the business sectors in which we are focused are under financial pressure to reduce capital investment, which may make it more difficult for us to close large contracts in the immediate future. We believe there is a growing market trend toward more customers exploring operating expense models as opposed to capital expense models for procuring technology. We believe the market trend toward operating expense models will continue as customers seek ways of reducing their overhead and other costs. All of the foregoing may result in continued pressure on our ability to increase our revenue and may potentially create competitive pricing pressures and price erosion. If these or other conditions limit our ability to grow revenue or cause our revenue to decline our operating results may be materially and affected.

Our working capital profile may shift over time to require additional investment.

Historically, the Company has leveraged significant milestone payments at a contract onset to fund the purchase of required materials. In certain instances where the Company plans to build, own and operate its own assets, it will require a different working capital and capitalization strategy whereby the Company will be required to make upfront investments without significant customer milestone payments to offset the investment. The Company believes that this presents a short-term capital risk but is expected, long-term, to improve the overall performance of the business.

Some of our competitors are larger and have greater financial and other resources than we do.

Some of our product offerings compete and will compete with other similar products from our competitors. These competitive products could be marketed by well-established, successful companies that possess greater financial, marketing, distribution, personnel and other resources than we possess. In certain instances, competitors with greater financial resources also may be able to enter a market in direct competition with us offering attractive marketing tools to encourage the sale of products that compete with our products or present cost features that our target end users may find attractive.

We have a history of losses and our growth plans may lead to additional losses and negative operating cash flows in the future.

Our accumulated deficit was approximately $84 million as of December 31, 2025. Our operating losses may continue as we continue to expend resources to further develop and enhance our market expansion, to complete prototyping for proof-of-concept, obtain regulatory clearances or approvals as required, expand our business development activities and finance capabilities and conduct further research and development. We also expect to experience negative cash flow in the short term until our revenues and margins increase at a rate greater than our expenses, which may not occur.

We may be unable to protect our intellectual property, which could impair our competitive advantage, reduce our revenue, and increase our costs.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part on our ability to maintain the proprietary aspects of our technologies and products. We rely on a combination of trade secrets, patents, copyrights, trademarks, confidentiality agreements, and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property, but these measures may provide only limited protection. We customarily enter into written confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants, customers, manufacturers, and other recipients of information about our technologies and products and assignment of invention agreements with our employees and consultants. We may not always be able to enforce these agreements and may fail to enter into any such agreement in every instance when appropriate. We license from third-parties certain technology used in and for our products. These third-party licenses are granted with restrictions; therefore, such third-party technology may not remain available to us on terms beneficial to us. Our failure to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights or obtain from third parties the right to use necessary technology could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States.

Patents may not be issued from the patent applications that we have filed or may file in the future. Our issued patents may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, and claims of our patents may not be of sufficient scope or strength, or issued in the proper geographic regions, to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. We have registered certain of our trademarks in the United States and other countries. We cannot assure you that we will obtain registrations of principal or other trademarks in key markets in the future. Failure to obtain registrations could compromise our ability to protect fully our trademarks and brands and could increase the risk of challenge from third parties to our use of our trademarks and brands.

We may be required to incur substantial expenses and divert management attention and resources in defending intellectual property litigation against us.

We cannot be certain that our technologies and products do not and will not infringe on issued patents or other proprietary rights of others. While we are not currently subject to any infringement claim, any future claim, with or without merit, could result in significant litigation costs and diversion of resources, including the attention of management, and could require us to enter into royalty and licensing agreements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may not be able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or the terms of any offered licenses may be unacceptable to us. If forced to cease using such technology, we may be unable to develop or obtain alternate technology. Accordingly, an adverse determination in judicial or administrative proceeding, or failure to obtain necessary licenses, could prevent us from manufacturing, using, or selling certain of our products, which could have a material effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Furthermore, parties making such claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to make, use, or sell our products in the United States or abroad. Such a judgment could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, we are obligated under certain agreements to indemnify the other party in connection with infringement by us of the proprietary rights of third parties. In the event that we are required to indemnify parties under these agreements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may incur substantial expenses and divert management resources in prosecuting others for their unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights.

Other companies, including our competitors, may develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies, duplicate our technologies, or design around our patents, and may have or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit, or interfere with our ability to make, use, or sell our products. Although we do not have operations outside North America at this time, we may compete for contracts in other countries in the future. Effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable, or limited, in some foreign countries in which we may do business, such as China. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use aspects of our technologies and products that we regard as proprietary. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad may not be adequate or competitors may independently develop similar technologies. If our intellectual property protection is insufficient to protect our intellectual property rights, we could face increased competition in the market for our technologies and products.

Should any of our competitors file patent applications or obtain patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may choose to participate in an interference proceeding to determine the right to a patent for these inventions, because our business would be harmed if we fail to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights. Even if the outcome is favorable, this proceeding could result in substantial cost to us and disrupt our business.

In the future, we also may need to file lawsuits to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we are unable to apply technology effectively in driving value for our clients through technology-based solutions or gain internal efficiencies and effective internal controls through the application of technology and related tools, our operating results, client relationships, growth and compliance programs could be adversely affected.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond effectively to the threat and opportunity presented by new technology disruption and developments. These may include new software applications or related services based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, or robotics. We may be exposed to competitive risks related to the adoption and application of new technologies by established market participants or new entrants, start-up companies and others. These new entrants are focused on using technology and innovation, including artificial intelligence, to simplify and improve client experience, increase efficiencies, alter business models and effect other potentially disruptive changes in the industries in which we operate. We must also develop and implement technology solutions and technical expertise among our employees that anticipate and keep pace with rapid and continuing changes in technology, industry standards, client preferences and internal control standards. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments on a timely and cost- basis and our ideas may not be accepted in the marketplace. Additionally, the effort to technological expertise and develop new technologies in our business requires us to incur significant expenses. If we cannot offer new technologies as quickly as our competitors, or if our competitors develop more cost- technologies or product offerings, we could experience a material effect on our operating results, client relationships, growth and compliance programs.

We are dependent on information technology networks and systems to securely process, transmit and store electronic information and to communicate among our locations around North America and with our people, clients, partners and vendors. As the breadth and complexity of this infrastructure continues to grow, including as a result of the use of mobile technologies, social media and cloud-based services, the risk of security breaches and cyberattacks increases. Such breaches could lead to shutdowns or disruptions of or damage to our systems and those of our clients, alliance partners and vendors, and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information, including personal data. In the past, we have experienced data security breaches resulting from unauthorized access to our and our service providers’ systems, which to date have not had a material impact on our operations, however, there is no assurance that such impacts will not be material in the future.

In providing services and solutions to clients, we may be required to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential client data, possibly including personal data, and we anticipate these activities to increase, including through the use of artificial intelligence, the internet of things and analytics. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client data, whether through systems failure, employee negligence, fraud, misappropriation, or other intentional or unintentional acts, could damage our reputation, could cause us to lose clients and could result in significant financial exposure. Similarly, unauthorized access to our or through our or our service providers’ information systems or those we develop for our clients, whether by our employees or third parties, including a cyberattack by computer programmers, hackers, members of organized crime and/or state-sponsored organizations, who continuously develop and deploy viruses, ransomware or other software programs or social engineering attacks, could result in publicity, significant remediation costs, legal liability, to our reputation and government sanctions and could have a material effect on our results of operations. Cybersecurity are constantly expanding and evolving, thereby increasing the of detecting and them and maintaining security measures and protocols.

We depend on key personnel who would be difficult to replace, and our business plan will likely be harmed if we lose their services or cannot hire additional qualified personnel.

Our success depends substantially on the efforts and abilities of our senior management and certain key personnel. The competition for qualified management and key personnel, especially engineers, is intense. Although we maintain non-competition and non-disclosure covenants with all our key personnel, we do not have employment agreements with many of them. The loss of services of key employees, or the inability to hire, train, and retain key personnel, especially engineers and technical support personnel, could delay the development and sale of our products, disrupt our business, and interfere with our ability to execute our business plan.

Under the Asset Management Agreement, New APR shares certain management functions with the Company and its subsidiaries, and other services will be provided by the Company in a combination of direct staffing with specific experience in the power generation industry and other functions as necessary via a “shared services” agreement. This may at times affect such employees’, including members of senior management, ability to devote time, attention, and effort to the Company.

Due to our dependence on a limited number of customers, we are subject to a concentration of credit risk.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, two customers accounted for 69% (related party) and 13% (related party) of revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2024, four customers accounted for 34%, 31%, 13%, and 12% of revenues. The Company is subject to significant concentrations of credit risk due to our reliance on a limited number of customers across our Rail and Edge lines of business, including a related party customer under an asset management agreement. These concentrations increase our exposure to revenue volatility, collection risk, and liquidity constraints, particularly if any key customer delays payment, or elects not to renew service and maintenance arrangements.

As of December 31, 2025, one customer accounted for 88% (related party) of our accounts receivable. In the case of insolvency by one of our significant customers, accounts receivable with respect to that customer might not be collectible, might not be fully collectible, or might be collectible over longer than normal terms, each of which could adversely affect our financial position. This concentration of credit risk makes us more vulnerable economically. The loss of any of these customers could materially reduce our revenues and net income, which could have a material e effect on our business.

Our business has been highly dependent on an Asset Management Agreement with New APR Energy.

Our results of operation in 2025 were based on substantial revenues from the AMA with New APR. Although the Company has some influence on that agreement, we are dependent on the market for “behind the meter” power growing as anticipated. If the market should not grow as anticipated or due to some other circumstances either within or beyond our control, revenues recognized from this agreement could be substantially less than expected which would have a material impact on the agreement or lead to its cancellation.

In addition, New APR’s business may be affected by new technologies or changes in the industry, regulations, and customer requirements, which may render its existing power, generating solutions obsolete, excessively costly or otherwise unmarketable. Its competitive position may then be impaired, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

The term of the AMA is for two years and it may be extended at the option of New APR. There is no assurance, however, that it will be extended and it may be terminated under certain circumstances.

Changes in the Availability of Government Financing May Adversely Affect Our Customer’s Ability to Enter Into Major Capital Projects, such as Data Centers.

The strategy of our Duos Edge subsidiary is to serve rural communities, also known as Tier 3 and 4 markets, and install Edge data centers in these locations. The customers for which we might build these Edge data centers may be dependent on Government grants or financing to assist them to complete these projects. Any reductions in the availability of such grants or financing may adversely affect the ability of these parties to enter into such projects.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

You may experience dilution of your ownership interest due to future issuances of our securities.

We are in a capital-intensive business, and we may not have sufficient funds to finance the growth of our business or to support our projected capital expenditures. As a result, we may require additional funds from future equity or debt financing, including potential sales of preferred shares or convertible debt, to complete the development of new projects and pay the general and administrative costs of our business. We may in the future issue our previously authorized and unissued securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of holders of our common stock. We are currently authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. We may also issue additional shares of common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock in future public offerings or private placements for capital raising purposes or for other business purposes. The future issuance of a substantial number of shares of common stock into the public market, or the perception that such issuance could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares. A decline in the price of our common stock could make it more difficult to raise funds through future offerings of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock.

Our Board of Directors may issue and fix the terms of shares of our Preferred Stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our Common Stock or any change in control of our Company.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with such designation rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is empowered, without shareholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. In the event of such issuances, the preferred stock could be used, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change in control of our Company.

We may consider registering additional shares using our S3 shelf registration facility.

We currently have an active shelf registration statement (S-3). We are able to file a supplement to raise potentially as much as $185 million and additional capital. The future issuance of a substantial number of shares of common stock into the public market, or the perception that such issuance could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares. A decline in the price of our common stock could make it more difficult to raise funds through future offerings of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock.

We do not expect to pay dividends and investors should not buy our common stock expecting to receive dividends.

We do not anticipate that we will declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, you will only realize an economic gain on your investment in our common stock if the price appreciates. You should not purchase our common stock expecting to receive cash dividends. Accordingly, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investment unless the trading price of our common stock appreciates, which is uncertain and unpredictable. In addition, because we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less attractive, which may cause us to have trouble raising additional funds which could affect our ability to expand our business operations.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate from period to period.

We anticipate that there may be significant fluctuations in our future operating results. Potential causes of future fluctuations in our operating results may include:

Period-to-period fluctuations in financial results

Issues in manufacturing products

Unanticipated potential product liability claims

The introduction of technological innovations or new commercial products by competitors

The entry into, or termination of, key agreements, including key strategic alliance agreements

The initiation of litigation to enforce or defend any of our intellectual property rights

Regulatory changes

Failure of any of our products to achieve commercial success

We are subject to the Florida anti-takeover provisions, which may prevent you from exercising a vote on business combinations, mergers or otherwise.

As a Florida corporation, we are subject to certain anti-takeover provisions that apply to public corporations under Florida law. Pursuant to Section 607.0901 of the Florida Business Corporation Act, or the Florida Act, a publicly held Florida corporation, under certain circumstances, may not engage in a broad range of business combinations or other extraordinary corporate transactions with an interested shareholder without the approval of the holders of two-thirds of the voting shares of the corporation (excluding shares held by the interested shareholder).

An interested shareholder is defined as a person who together with affiliates and associates beneficially owns more than 15% of a corporation’s outstanding voting shares. We have not made an election in our amended Articles of Incorporation to opt out of Section 607.0901.

In addition, we are subject to Section 607.0902 of the Florida Act which prohibits the voting of shares in a publicly held Florida corporation that are acquired in a control-share acquisition unless (i) our board of directors approved such acquisition prior to its consummation or (ii) after such acquisition, in lieu of prior approval by our board of directors, the holders of a majority of the corporation’s voting shares, exclusive of shares owned by officers of the corporation, employee directors or the acquiring party, approve the granting of voting rights as to the shares acquired in the control-share acquisition. A control-share acquisition is defined as an acquisition that immediately thereafter entitles the acquiring party to 20% or more of the total voting power in an election of directors.

Language change vs prior 10-K

MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase

Negative rising

loss+9
liquidation+8
impairment+5
losses+3
closed+3

Positive rising

gain+2
effective+2
improve+1
achieve+1
advancing+1

MD&A (Item 7)

7,007 words

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Form 10-K and other reports filed by the Company from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, the Company’s management as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the filings, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or the Company’s management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors, including the risks contained in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, relating to the Company’s industry, the Company’s operations and results of operations, and any businesses that the Company may acquire. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned.

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Our consolidated financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

Overview

We intend for this discussion to provide information that will assist in understanding our financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements.

Plan of Operation

The Company’s plan of operation is focused on improving operational execution, advancing its technology platform, and scaling its digital infrastructure initiatives to support long-term revenue growth and increased recurring revenues.

During 2025, the Company continued to transition its business toward a more diversified model centered on digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, and technology-enabled services. The Company’s operations are increasingly focused on expanding its edge computing platform, growing its energy and consulting capabilities, and enhancing its technology solutions offerings.

Key elements of the Company’s plan of operation include:

Expansion of Edge Data Center Platform

The Company, through Duos Edge AI, Inc., is actively deploying a network of modular Edge Data Centers (“EDCs”) designed to support localized computing, artificial intelligence workloads, and low-latency applications.

The Company’s EDC strategy is intended to support recurring revenue through hosting, colocation, and managed infrastructure services. The execution of this strategy requires capital investment, customer adoption, and operational execution, each of which is subject to risks, including those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Expansion into Energy and Power Solutions

The Company expanded its operations into energy and power solutions through Duos Energy Corporation, which focuses on energy consulting, power infrastructure planning, and behind-the-meter (“BTM”) energy solutions.

The Company entered into an Asset Management Agreement (“AMA”) with New APR beginning in January 2025. In connection with this agreement, the Company also acquired a minority, non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR.

Growth of Technology Solutions and Infrastructure Services

In 2025, the Company expanded its Technology Solutions business to provide infrastructure-related services supporting data center and digital infrastructure deployments.

These services include procurement, supply chain management, logistics coordination, and deployment support for infrastructure projects. The Company’s Technology Solutions platform is intended to complement its EDC strategy and provide additional revenue opportunities through both internal deployments and third-party customer engagements.

The Company believes that demand for integrated infrastructure solutions is increasing; however, the growth of this business is subject to supply chain conditions, vendor availability, and competitive factors.

Development of AI Technologies and Automation

The Company continues to invest in the development of proprietary artificial intelligence technologies, including computer vision, machine learning, and predictive analytics.

These technologies are being integrated across the Company’s platforms to enhance performance, enable automation, and support real-time data processing. The Company is also advancing AI-powered capabilities such as self-diagnostics, predictive maintenance, and system monitoring.

Transition to Recurring Revenue Models

The Company continues to transition certain offerings toward subscription-based and recurring revenue models. This includes expanding hosting services, software-based offerings, and long-term service agreements.

In connection with its inspection technologies, the Company has introduced more modular and flexible deployment options, allowing customers to select specific capabilities aligned with their operational requirements. This approach is intended to improve scalability and increase recurring revenue over time.

Legacy Technology Systems

The Company continues to support its legacy inspection systems and related technologies. While these systems continue to generate revenue, they are no longer the primary focus of the Company’s growth strategy.

The Company expects that over time, its legacy systems will represent a decreasing percentage of total revenues as newer infrastructure and service-based offerings expand.

Prospects and Outlook

The Company’s prospects are influenced by its ability to execute its strategic initiatives and by broader industry trends affecting digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, and energy markets.

The Company’s primary objectives for 2026 and beyond include:

Scaling Edge Data Center Deployments

The Company intends to expand its network of Edge Data Centers to support increasing demand for distributed computing and AI workloads. These deployments are expected to target enterprise customers, telecommunications providers, and public sector organizations, particularly in underserved markets.

The Company believes that localized computing infrastructure will play an important role in supporting next-generation applications; however, adoption rates, capital availability, and competitive factors may impact growth.

Expansion of Energy and Power Solutions

The Company intends to build upon its initial energy and consulting activities, including the AMA with New APR, to expand its presence in the distributed energy and fast power markets.

The Company believes that increasing demand for power associated with data centers and AI infrastructure presents a significant opportunity; however, this market is subject to regulatory, operational, and competitive risks.

Growth of Technology Solutions Platform

The Company expects to further develop its Technology Solutions capabilities, including infrastructure procurement, logistics, and deployment services.

These offerings are intended to support both the Company’s internal infrastructure initiatives and third-party customer projects, providing additional revenue diversification.

Continued Development of AI and Automation Technologies

The Company plans to continue enhancing its AI capabilities to improve system performance, enable automation, and support advanced analytics across its platforms.

Forward-Looking Considerations

The Company believes that its diversified strategy, including digital infrastructure, energy solutions, and technology services, positions it to pursue growth opportunities in multiple markets.

However, the Company’s ability to achieve its objectives is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including:

The ability to obtain sufficient capital to fund infrastructure development

Execution risks associated with deploying and operating EDCs

Dependence on key contracts

Customer adoption of new technologies and services

Supply chain and vendor risks

Competitive market conditions

Macroeconomic and regulatory factors

With the diversification into Edge Computing and power generation, coupled with continued growth in its core machine vision and AI-based inspection technologies, the Company is well-positioned to drive increased revenue, improve profitability, and generate long-term shareholder value.

Although the Company’s prospects for future revenue growth are anticipated to be favorable, investing in our securities involves risk and careful consideration should be made before deciding to purchase our securities. There are many risks that affect our business and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control and unexpected macro events can have a severe impact on the business. Please see the risk factors identified in “Item 1A – Risk Factors” elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in this report.

For the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024

The following table sets forth a summary of our Consolidated Statements of Operations that is used in the following discussions of our results of operations:

For the Years Ended

December 31,

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross margin

Operating expenses

Loss from operations

Other income (expenses)

Net loss

Revenues

For the Years Ended

December 31,

% Change

Revenues:

Technology systems

Technology solutions

Services and consulting

Services and consulting – Related parties

Hosting

Total revenues

The decreases in technology systems revenues from $2,252,357 to $373,270 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, is primarily attributed to delays outside of the Company’s control with deployment of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which are recorded in the technology systems portion of our business. Although these systems remain largely ready for deployment, customer delays at the deployment site continue to prevent installation even though these two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals were deep into their production and manufacturing phases, which did not allow us to record the next phase of recognition. We believe that the customer is approaching the completion of the local site preparation and is preparing for field installation in 2026. The Company has begun recognizing its first revenues from the Technology Solutions business unit, which provides manufacturer-agnostic infrastructure sourcing, integration, and value-added supply chain services supporting data center, AI, and enterprise deployments identified as “Technology Solutions”. The significant increase in services revenue, related parties for the year ended December 31, 2025, was primarily driven by Duos Energy beginning to execute on the AMA with New APR that was established on December 31, 2024. Under the AMA, Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR. As a result, the Company generated $18,740,343 in revenue from the AMA during the year 2025. In addition, the Company recognized $3,616,500 in revenue from amortized deferred revenue liability associated with its 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR. Revenue from the AMA and the 5% interest is reported under “Services and consulting – related parties” on the statements of operations. Services revenue from the rail business decreased modestly during the year 2025.

The Company is now recording its first revenues from the deployment of Edge Data Centers and identified as “Hosting”. The $56,000 of revenues recorded in the year 2025 represent those received from the first data center which became “live” in the second quarter. The Company is investing capital in building out a network of these data centers all of which will begin generating revenue following deployment with the “anchor” tenant.

The Company expects services revenue from both its hosting and technology solutions to increase throughout 2026. This growth is expected to be driven by the deployment of additional edge data centers coming online, as well as expanding technology solutions revenue tied to growth in the data center market.

Cost of Revenues

For the Years Ended

December 31,

% Change

Cost of revenues:

Technology systems

Technology solutions

Services and consulting

Services and consulting – Related parties

Hosting

Total cost of revenues

Cost of revenues largely comprises equipment and labor necessary to support the implementation of new systems, support and maintenance of existing systems, software projects, and support of the asset management agreement with New APR.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the cost of revenues on technology systems decreased compared to the equivalent period in 2024; however, the decrease was less significant than the corresponding drop in revenue due to fixed cost components that do not vary with revenue. This reduction primarily reflects our ability to reallocate certain fixed operating and servicing costs for technology systems to support the AMA, an allocation we could not make in the comparative period because the agreement was not yet in effect. It also reflects the ramp-down of manufacturing ahead of field installation of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which has continued to temporarily slow project activity and further reduced cost of revenues while we await customer readiness for site deployment.

Cost of revenues on services and consulting decreased in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period. This decrease in costs is primarily due to a reduction in personnel-related costs and a lower volume of service calls during the period.

Cost of revenues on services and consulting, related parties significantly increased in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period. This rise in costs is primarily due to supporting the AMA with New APR, where Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR.

Consistent with the initial revenues generated from the deployment of Edge Data Centers, the Company has begun recognizing associated cost of goods sold, primarily consisting of depreciation of the Edge Data Center pods and operating costs required to support the operation of the hosting infrastructure.

Gross Margin

For the Years Ended

December 31,

% Change

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross margin

Gross margin improved in the year 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to Duos Energy beginning execution of the AMA with New APR. This includes $3,616,500 in revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025, related to the Company’s 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR, which carried no associated costs and therefore contributed at a 100% margin. These revenues and the associated margin contribution were not present in the prior year period. Additionally, when comparing results between periods, the stage of completion for manufacturing and installation activities within our technology business may vary and should be considered in the analysis.

Operating Expenses

For the Years Ended

December 31,

% Change

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing

Research and development

General and administration

Total operating expense

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company experienced an increase in overall operating expenses compared to the same period in 2024. Sales and marketing costs declined as resources were allocated to costs of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Additionally, research and development expenses fell by 45% owing to scaled-back testing of prospective technologies. General and administration costs increased 100%, largely due to non-cash stock-based compensation charged for restricted stock granted to the executive team on January 1, 2025, under new employment agreements with a three-year cliff vesting schedule and the payment of cash bonuses in the 2025 period related to the closure of the APR transaction and the associated AMA and 5% ownership grant compared to the prior year. Additionally, there were general and administration costs that were allocated to cost of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Overall, the Company continues to focus on stabilizing operating expenses while meeting the increased needs of our customers.

Loss From Operations

The loss from operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $9,762,878 and $10,983,526, respectively. The decrease in loss from operations was primarily the result of increased revenue generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2025 was ($72,153) and $219,069 for the comparative period in 2024. Other income in 2025 was primarily driven by higher interest income resulting from a significantly larger cash balance compared to the prior period, offset by a loss on extinguishment of debt and higher interest expense, as discussed below. In 2024 the other income was primarily due to a gain from the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability and gain on extinguishment of debt resulting from the exercise of warrants.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $439,261 and $286,114, respectively. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the amortization of the debt discount on the $2.2 million note and the associated monthly interest expense in 2025; This note, related to the acquisition and build out of 3 Edge data centers, was only entered into during the comparative prior period, resulting in lower interest expense for that timeframe.

Net Loss

The net loss for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $9,835,031 and $10,764,457, respectively. The decrease in net loss is primarily attributable to the increase in revenues generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR as described above. Net loss per common share was $0.64 and $1.39 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has a cash balance of $15,472,229 and an accounts receivable balance of $6,034,442.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the major components of our statements of cash flows data for the periods presented:

For the Years Ended

December 31,

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in investing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase in cash

Net cash used in operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $13,748,223 and $3,488,687, respectively. The increase in net cash used in 2025 was driven primarily by the decrease in contract liabilities and increase in accounts receivable offset by elevated non-cash add-backs for depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation. The significant build-up in accounts receivable occurred as project and service billings outpaced collections coupled with a draw-down of contract liabilities as we execute on the AMA.

Net cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $23,734,605 and $1,841,298, respectively. The increase in investing activities in 2025 compared to 2024 was driven by higher continued investment in capitalized construction-in-progress costs associated with the manufacturing and deployment of Edge Data Centers. The remaining amounts primarily relate to purchases of computer equipment, product and software development costs, and disbursements for patent-related costs.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $46,688,761 and $9,154,439, respectively. Cash flows provided by financing activities during the year 2025 were primarily attributable to gross proceeds of $8,927,347 from our At-The-Market (ATM) offering program and a public offering of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $45 million, offset partially by $2,200,000 in repayments toward the principal balance of the secured promissory notes entered into with 21 April Fund LP and 21 April Fund Ltd. Cash flows provided by financing activities during 2024 were primarily attributable to gross proceeds of approximately $2,995,002 from issuances of Series D and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, along with a combined total of $4,444,210 in proceeds from the issuance of common stock via warrant exercises of $899,521 and our ATM offering program for proceeds of $3,544,689. On a long-term basis, our liquidity is dependent on the successful continuation of the revenue diversification strategy into the Technology solutions and Edge Data Center subsidiaries, and expansion of operations and receipt of revenues across all operating segments. We believe our current capital and revenues are sufficient to fund such expansion and our operations over the next twelve months, although we are dependent on timely payments from our customers for projects and work in process. However, we expect such timely payments to continue. Material cash requirements will be satisfied within the normal course of business including substantial upfront payments from our customers prior to starting projects. The Company may elect to purchase materials and supplies in advance of contract award but where there is a high probability of that award. Demand for our products and services will be dependent on, among other things, market acceptance of our products and services, the technology market in general, and general economic conditions, which are cyclical in nature. Because a major portion of our activities is the receipt of revenues from the sales of our products and services, our business operations may continue to be by our competitors and periods.

Liquidity

Under Accounting Codification ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by ASC 205-40, this evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. Management has assessed the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with the requirement of ASC 205-40.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had a net loss of $9,835,031 for the year ended December 31, 2025. During the same period, cash used in operating activities was $13,748,223. The working capital surplus and accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2025, were $11,986,673 and $84,203,040, respectively.

The Company successfully raised approximately $3,544,689 in gross proceeds through its ATM offering program in 2024 and secured an additional $3,954,940 in gross proceeds during the first two months of 2025. Furthermore, in the second quarter of 2025, the Company raised $1,835,874 in gross proceeds through its ATM offering program, followed by an additional $3,136,533 in July 2025. On July 30, 2025, the Company priced a public offering of its common stock for net proceeds of approximately $37.1 million. The offering closed on August 1, 2025, and was conducted pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and related prospectus supplements filed with the SEC. On September 2, 2025, the Underwriter exercised the Over-Allotment Option in full to purchase 838,851 shares of Common Stock, generating additional net proceeds of approximately $4.7 million. The Over-Allotment Option closed on September 2, 2025. More recently on February 26, 2026, the Company priced a public offering of its common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $65 million. The offering closed on March 2, 2026, and was conducted pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and related prospectus supplements filed with the SEC. The capital raised is expected to bolster the Company’s balance sheet and position it to pursue strategic initiatives related to Duos Edge AI, from a financial foundation. In the long run, the continuation of the Company as a going is dependent upon the ability of the Company to continue executing its business plan, generate enough revenue, and consistently operations. We have analyzed our cash flow under “ test” conditions and have determined that we have sufficient liquid assets on hand or available via the capital markets to maintain operations for at least twelve months from the issuance date of this report. In addition, management has taken and continues to take actions including, but not limited to, elimination of certain costs that do not contribute to short term revenue, and re-aligning both management and staffing with a focus on certain skill sets necessary to build growth and and focusing product strategy on that are likely to bear results in the relatively short term. The Company believes that, with the combination of its current capital and commercial sales , it will have sufficient working capital to meet its obligations over the following twelve months. In the last twelve months the Company has seen growth in its contracted backlog as well as significant, signs from new commercial projects that indicate in future revenues. Management believes that, at this time, the conditions in our traditional market space with ongoing contract , the consequent need to procure certain materials in advance of a binding contract and the additional time needed to execute on new contracts previously reported could put a on our cash reserves. However, given the Company’s current capital, the anticipated steady cash flow from the Hosting and Technology solutions line of business and proven ability to raise capital via the public markets indicate there is no substantial for the Company to continue as a going for a period of twelve months. We expect to continue executing the plan to grow our business and as previously discussed. The Company may selectively look at for fundraising in the future including potential debt offerings to support asset acquisitions. Management has extensively evaluated our requirements for the next twelve months and has determined that the Company currently has sufficient cash and access to capital to operate for at least that period.

While no assurance can be provided, management believes that these actions provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern and to grow its business and achieve profitability with access to additional capital funding. Ultimately the continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the ability of the Company to continue executing the plan described above which was put in place in late 2024 and will continue in 2026 and beyond. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Revenue Recognition

For technology systems, the Company recognizes revenue over time using a cost-based input methodology in which significant judgment is required to estimate costs to complete projects. These estimated costs are then used to determine the progress towards contract completion and the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize. The Company follows the principles in ASC 606 which include the following: a contract with a customer creates distinct contract assets and performance obligations, satisfaction of a performance obligation creates revenue, and a performance obligation is satisfied upon transfer of control to a good or service to a customer.

Revenue is recognized by evaluating the Company revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606:

Identify the contract with the customer;

Identify the performance obligations in the contract;

Determine the transaction price;

Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and

Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company generates revenue from six sources:

Technology Systems

AI Technologies

Technical Support

Consulting Services including revenues from the AMA which began in January 2025

Hosting

Technology Solutions

Equity Method Investments

If an investment qualifies for the equity method of accounting, the Company’s investment is recorded initially at cost and subsequently adjusted for equity in net income (loss) and cash contributions and distributions. The net income or loss of an unconsolidated equity method investment is allocated to its investors in accordance with the provisions of the operating agreement of the entity. The allocation provisions in these agreements may differ from the ownership interest held by each investor. Differences, if any, between the carrying amount of our investment in the respective equity method investee and the Company’s share of the underlying equity of such equity method investee are amortized over the respective lives of the underlying assets as applicable. These items are reported as a single line item in the consolidated statements of operations as income or loss from investments in unconsolidated equity method investees. Investments are reviewed for changes in circumstance or the occurrence of events that suggest an other-than-temporary event where our investment may not be recoverable.

On December 31, 2024, the Company entered into an Asset Management Agreement (the “AMA”), with New APR, an entity formed by affiliates of Fortress Investment Group (“FIG”). Under the AMA, Duos Energy manages the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales and operations functions to New APR in connection with the assets. In exchange for services to be performed under the AMA, the Company received an initial cash payment and common units in Sawgrass Parent. While the Company has board representation in Sawgrass Parent, its common units are non-voting and the Company does not control the board of directors of Sawgrass Parent.

Where the Company has an interest in a Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”) it will consolidate any VIE in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest has both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance; and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. If both of the characteristics are met, the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary and therefore will consolidate that VIE into the consolidated financial statements.

Investments in partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and LLCs that maintain specific ownership accounts for each investor are excluded from the scope of ASC 323-10. However, ASC 323-30 provides guidance on applying the criteria for equity method accounting to investments in partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and LLCs. When an investor in a partnership, unincorporated joint venture or LLC has the ability to exercise significant influence over that investment, it should apply the equity method (ASC 323-10) by analogy (ASC 323-30-25-1).

Sawgrass Parent is deemed to be a VIE and the Company holds a 5% interest in it and an interest in the subsidiary New APR through the AMA, both of which are considered variable interests. However, the Company does not represent the primary beneficiary as it does not possess the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Sawgrass Parent. Accordingly, the Company does not consolidate Sawgrass Parent. Due to the Company’s interest in Sawgrass Parent, it was determined that the Company has significant influence over Sawgrass Parent. Therefore, the Company accounts for its investment in Sawgrass Parent as an Equity Method Investment.

The Company also concluded that the arrangement with Sawgrass Parent is within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, and the common units issued to the Company by Sawgrass Parent represented non-cash consideration. The initial carrying value as of December 31, 2024 of $7.2 million was measured equal to the fair value of the common units received for future services to be performed under the AMA. The Company recorded $7.2 million of deferred revenue for services to be performed under the AMA. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not recognize any revenue associated with the AMA.

Due to the unavailability of Q4-2025 financials from Sawgrass Parent, our equity method investee, the Company has applied a one-quarter lag (in accordance with ASC 323- 10-35-6) in reporting and recording the value of its 5% minority investment. The Company records its 5% interest using the Equity Method as we have significant influence. ASC 323-10-35-4 requires an entity to recognize its share of earnings or loss of an equity method investee which adjusts the carrying amount of the investment and is reflected as earnings or loss in income. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Sawgrass APR Holdings LLC (the “Agreement”), Net Profit and Net Loss for any Fiscal Year is allocated among the members in such a manner that, as of the end of such fiscal year, the Capital Account Balance of each Member, as increased by the Member’s share of “minimum gain” and “partner minimum gain” (as such terms are used in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2), to the extent possible, to be equal to the amount which would have been distributed to such Member pursuant to a Hypothetical , as defined in the Agreement, as of the end of the last day of such fiscal year. Under the Hypothetical , the assets of Sawgrass Parent are disposed of in a taxable disposition for the book value of such assets and the remaining amounts, after repayment of outstanding obligations are distributed to the members pursuant to the Agreement. Per the Agreement, the Company is entitled to prorata distributions only after Preferred Holders have received their Total Contributed Capital and subsequent distributions to Preferred and Incentive Unit Holders have reached the Multiple on Invested Capital (MOIC) Threshold of 1.5 times the initial contributions. Therefore, it is likely that early periods will not generate sufficient earnings to provide the Company with a return in the form of a claim on net assets. Based on the terms of the Agreement our specified allocation of earnings and of 5% differs from the allocation of cash from operations and . Therefore, we will apply the guidance in ASC 970-323-35-17 by analogy, which states, if the specified allocation for earnings differs from the allocation of cash from operations and on , the investor should not use the specified earnings or percentages to determine its share of the investee’s earnings. Rather, the investor should analyze the investment agreement to determine how the increase or decrease in the investee’s net assets during the reporting period would affect the cash that the investor would receive over the investee’s life and on its .

As per the guidance above, the subsequent recognition of the equity method investment should reflect the Company’s claim on net assets, determined by its rights to distributions and residual assets under the Agreement’s distribution waterfall. The Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (HLBV) method satisfies this requirement by simulating a hypothetical liquidation at each reporting period, allocating net assets based on the rights and priorities defined in the Agreement. This approach reflects the Company’s economic interest in Sawgrass Parent by estimating the amount it would receive in a liquidation scenario, aligning the recognition of income or loss with the actual distribution provisions under the Agreement. Accordingly, this method appropriately represents the cash distribution under Section 10 and the allocation of profit and loss under Section 9.1 of the Agreement.

At the initial investment date, the Company’s hypothetical claim on net assets was zero, and it is expected to remain so, until other investors have received their Total Contributed Capital and the MOIC Threshold has been met. As a result of the MOIC not being met, the Company’s share of earnings under the HLBV method is zero during these early periods. Because the Company is not obligated to fund Sawgrass Parent’s losses, no losses will be allocated unless the investment becomes impaired, and such losses will not exceed the initial investment of $7.2 million. Similarly, net income will not be allocated until the HLBV calculation results in an allocation that exceeds the Company’s carrying value.

Accordingly, the Company will continue to present the equity method investment at its initial fair value unless the HLBV calculation yields a profit or the investment becomes impaired.

Management believes that the use of estimates and assumptions in applying the equity method is reasonable

The Company assesses its equity method investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. No impairment losses were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

In May 2024, the Company recorded an intangible asset with a fair value of $11,161,428. This asset represents non-monetary consideration received under a 5-year customer contract, in which the Company would provide maintenance services to the customer. The intangible asset represents Digital Image data rights in the form of a license agreement received by the Company from the customer.

The fair value of the asset was determined on the contract inception date based on the standalone selling price of the service and goods to be provided to the customer under the 5-year contract since the Company could not reasonably estimate the fair value of the data rights received. The non-monetary transaction was accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10-32-21 through ASC 606-10-32-24.

On the contract inception date, the Company recorded deferred revenue of $11,161,428 as contract liabilities with a current and non-current component, and then immediately recognized $199,008 of this deferred revenue relating to the completed pilot program. The remaining deferred revenue was being recognized over the 5-year term.

In accordance with ASC 350-30-35-1, the amortization for the intangible asset is based on its useful life and the useful life of an intangible asset is the period over which it is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of that entity. Accordingly, amortization of the intangible asset is recognized over the life of the contract of five years.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets for impairment in accordance with ASC 350-30-35-14, which requires finite-lived intangible assets to be tested for impairment under ASC 360 when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Management identified impairment indicators during 2025 related to its CN Digital Image data rights, including (i) a significant adverse change in the extent and manner in which the asset was being used, (ii) adverse legal and contractual developments, (iii) the absence of current and projected cash flows, and (iv) the expectation that the asset would be terminated or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

The Company generated minimal subscription revenue from the licensed data, and during 2025 the Company ceased providing the related maintenance services. In addition, contractual disputes arose between the parties, and by late 2025 both parties had ceased performance and were negotiating termination of the arrangement.

As a result of these events, the Company performed a recoverability test as of December 31, 2025 by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the sum of its estimated undiscounted future cash flows. The Company determined that the carrying amount of the asset was not recoverable, as estimated undiscounted future cash flows were negligible. The Company measured the impairment loss based on the asset’s estimated fair value as of December 31, 2025. Given the absence of historical or expected future cash flows, the lack of an observable market for the asset, and the ongoing contractual dispute, the Company determined that the fair value of the CN Digital data rights License was zero.

Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment of $8,130,461, representing the full carrying amount of the CN Digital Image License. Because the asset was originally recognized as part of a non-cash exchange with a corresponding deferred liability offset recorded on the balance sheet, the impairment was recorded by eliminating both the intangible asset and the related deferred liability. As a result, the impairment did not impact the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for employee and non-employee stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718-10, “ Share-Based Payment ,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including stock options, restricted stock units, and employee stock purchases based on estimated fair values. The stock-based compensation carries a graded vesting feature subject to the condition of time of employment service with awarded stock-based compensation tranches vesting evenly upon the anniversary date of the award.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula. In accordance with ASC 718-10-35-8, the Company elected to recognize the fair value of the stock award using the graded vesting method as time of employment service is the criteria for vesting. The Company amortizes the fair value of the stock award over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The Company’s determination of fair value using an option-pricing model is affected by the stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly subjective variables.

The Company estimates volatility based upon the historical stock price of the Company and estimates the expected term for stock options using the simplified method for employees and directors and the contractual term for non-employees. The risk-free rate is determined based upon the prevailing rate of United States Treasury securities with similar maturities.

Top insiders

Most active reporters at Duos Technologies Group, Inc.

Name	Roles	Filings
King Christopher T.	Officer	2
Brown Leah F.	Officer	1
Pessin Norman H	10% Owner	1
Pessin Sandra F	10% Owner	1
Pessin Brian L.	10% Owner	1

Showing 11-15 of 15

Per pagePrevPage 3 of 3

Top performers

Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Duos Technologies Group, Inc.. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.

#	Insider	Trades	Win rate	Avg	Median	Best	Worst
1	Ferry Charles Parker	3	100%	+21.0%	+25.7%	+25.8%	+11.6%

All filings

98 Form 4 / 4-A filings, newest first

Filed	Insider	Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value
Jan 7, 2026	Ferry Charles Parker CEO · Director	AGrant	648	$6.171	$3,999
Jan 5, 2026	Nixon James Craig Director	AGrant	10,000	$10.80	$108,000
Jan 5, 2026	Lonegro Frank A Director	AGrant	10,000	$10.80	$108,000
Jan 5, 2026	James Brian J. Director	AGrant	1,638	$11.4438	$18,745
Jan 5, 2026	Mavrommatis Ned Director	AGrant	10,000	$10.80	$108,000

Showing 11-15 of 98

Per pagePrevPage 3 of 20Next

Real-time Form 4 intelligence. Smarter insider tracking.

Filed		Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value

Duos Technologies Group, Inc.

Annual report (10-K)

Recent 8-K announcements

Tone shift by section

Language change vs prior 10-K

Risk Factors (Item 1A)

Language change vs prior 10-K

MD&A (Item 7)

External resources

Permalink

Top insiders

Top performers

All filings

Tone shift by section

Language change vs prior 10-K

Risk Factors (Item 1A)

Language change vs prior 10-K

MD&A (Item 7)

External resources

Permalink