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Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.19pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
+0.07pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.31pp
Lean +
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
adversely+1
crises+1
Positive rising
successfully+1
effective+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
4,443 words
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risk factors discussed in this section should be considered together with information included elsewhere in this Form 10-K and should not be considered the only risks to which we are exposed. In general, we are subject to the same general risks and uncertainties that impact many other industrial companies such as general economic, industry and/or market conditions and growth rates; the impact of natural disasters and their effect on global markets; and changes in laws or accounting rules. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may impair our businesses, including our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Business and Operational Risks
• Recessions, adverse market conditions or downturns in the markets we serve could adversely affect our operations.
In the past, our operations have been exposed to volatility due to changes in general economic conditions or consumer preferences, recessions or adverse conditions in the markets we serve. In the future, similar changes could adversely impact overall sales, operating results (including potential impairment charges for goodwill or other long-lived assets) and cash flows. Moreover, during economic downturns we may undertake more extensive restructuring actions, including workforce reductions, global facility consolidations, centralization of certain business support activities, and other cost reduction initiatives, and incur higher costs. As these plans and actions can be complex, the anticipated operational improvements, efficiencies and other benefits might be delayed or not realized. We are unable to determine the impact that recessions, market conditions or will have on our financial position, operating results and cash flows in future periods.
• Increases in labor costs, potential labor disputes and work stoppages or an inability to hire skilled personnel could adversely affect our business.
We have a number of collective bargaining units in the U.S. and various collective labor arrangements outside the U.S. We are subject to potential work stoppages, union and works council campaigns and other labor disputes, any of which could adversely impact our productivity, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Furthermore, the competition for skilled personnel is often intense in the regions in which our manufacturing facilities are located. A sustained labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our employee base, increases in the salaries and wages paid by competing employers, as a result of general macroeconomic factors or otherwise, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and potentially further increase salaries and wage rates to attract and retain employees, and could negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our manufacturing facilities and overall business. If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high level, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
• Our reputation, ability to do business and results of operations may be impaired by improper conduct by any of our employees, agents, or business partners.
While we strive to maintain high standards, we cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will always protect us from acts committed by our employees, agents, or business partners that would violate the laws of the jurisdictions where we do business, including the laws governing payments to government officials, bribery, fraud, anti-kickback and falseclaims, competition, export and import compliance, environmental compliance, money laundering and data privacy, as well as the improper use of proprietary information or social media. Any such violations of law or improper actions could: subject us to civil or criminalinvestigations; lead to substantial civil or criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties and related shareholder lawsuits; lead to increased costs of compliance; and our reputation, our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
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• We are subject to risks relating to our existing international operations and expansion into new geographical markets.
Approximately 46% of our revenues for both 2025 and 2024 were derived outside the United States and we expect international sales to continue to represent a significant portion of our revenues given our global growth strategy. As a result of our international operations and our global expansion strategy, we are subject to various risks, including:
political, social and economic instability and disruptions;
government import and export controls, economic sanctions, embargoes or trade restrictions;
the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers and retaliatorycountermeasures;
limitations on ownership and dividend of earnings;
transportation delays and interruptions;
risk to theft of proprietary information and/or intellectual property;
labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments;
widespread public health crises, such as a pandemic or epidemic;
increased compliance costs, including costs associated with disclosure requirements and related due diligence;
the impact of loss of a single-source manufacturing facility;
difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations;
limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies;
potentially adverse tax consequences; and
access to or control of networks and confidential information due to local government controls and vulnerability of local networks to cyber risks.
If we are unable to successfully manage the risks associated with expanding our global business or adequately manage operational risks of our existing international operations, the risks could have a material adverse effect on our growth in geographic markets, our reputation, our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
• Our businesses or operations may be adversely affected by natural or human-induced disasters, acts of war, terrorism, international conflicts, and public health crises.
Our businesses or operations may be adversely affected by natural or human-induced disasters including, but not limited to, earthquakes; tsunamis; floods; hurricanes, cyclones or typhoons; fires; other extreme weather conditions; power or water shortages; telecommunications failures; materials scarcity; terrorist acts, civil unrest, conflicts or wars; and health epidemics or pandemics. The occurrence of any such event, and the measures taken in response thereto, may disrupt the global economy and adversely impact our operations, including demand for our products across multiple end-markets as well as our supply chain and operations. Existing insurance coverage may not provide protection for all of the costs that may arise from such events. Additionally, concerns over the economic impact of such events could cause increased volatility in financial and other capital markets, adversely impacting our stock price, our ability to access the capital markets, and our ability to fund liquidity needs.
The impacts of any such unexpected event are difficult to predict but could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, or operations.
• Our operations, businesses, products and business strategy are subject to cybersecurity risks.
Although we have processes and procedures in place designed to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk, our business is still subject to certain risks. We depend on our own and third party information systems, including cloud-based systems and managed service providers, to store, process and protect our information and support our business activities. We also use third party systems to support employee data processing for our global workforce and to support customer business activities, such as transmitting payment information, providing mobile monitoring services, and capturing operational
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data. Additionally, some of our products contain integrated hardware and software and offer the ability to connect to networks. While we have measures in place that are designed to protect our systems and provide oversight for third party system cybersecurity risks, these systems have been and are expected to continue to be the target of cyber attacks. Although we conduct security assessments and periodic re-assessments of third party partners and other service providers, these systems have in the past and may in the future experience vulnerabilities, including from third-party or open source software code that may be incorporated into our own or our vendors’ systems. Any prolonged system disruption in our systems or third-party services could negatively impact the coordination of our sales, planning, and manufacturing activities, which could harm our business.
Our business has both an increasing reliance on systems and an increasing digital footprint as a result of changing technologies, connected devices and digital offerings, as well as expanded remote work policies. If these technologies, systems, products or services are damaged, cease to function properly, are compromised due to employee or third-party contractor error, user error, malfeasance, system errors, or other vulnerabilities, or are subject to cybersecurity attacks, such as those involving denial of service attacks, unauthorized access, malicious software, ransomware, or other intrusions, misuse or malicious use of artificial intelligence, including by criminals, nation states or insiders, our business may be adversely impacted. The impacts could include production , operational , and other impacts on our operations and ability to provide products and services to our customers; compromise of confidential, proprietary or otherwise protected information, including personal information and customer confidential data; , , or theft of data or intellectual property; , , or use of these technologies, systems, products or services; financial from transactions, remedial actions, of business or potential liability; media coverage; legal or legal proceedings, including regulatory , actions and ; and to our reputation. We regularly assess our landscape and monitor our systems and other technical security controls, maintain information security policies and procedures, including a response plan, ensure maintenance of backup and protective systems, and have a team of security personnel managing our efforts and initiatives. However, there has been a rise in the number of targeting confidential business information generally and in the manufacturing industry specifically, as well as an increase in targeting managed service providers, by both state-sponsored and organizations. Moreover, there has been a rise in the number of that depend on human or , including phishing attacks or schemes that use social engineering to access to systems or perpetuate wire transfer or other .
These trends increase the likelihood of such events occurring as well as the costs associated with protecting against such events. It is possible for vulnerabilities in our systems to remain undetected for an extended period of time up to and including several years. We attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including employee training, systems monitoring and other technical security controls, vulnerability scanning, risk assessments, a breach response plan, maintenance of backup and protective systems, and security personnel. Notwithstanding those measures, our systems, networks, products and services remain potentially vulnerable to known or unknown cybersecurity attacks and other threats, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We continuously monitor and develop our systems to protect our technology infrastructure and data from misappropriation or corruption. However, a cybersecurity attack could for an extended period of time before being detected, and, following detection, it could take considerable time for us to obtain full and reliable information about the extent, amount and type of information compromised. During the course of an , we may not know the full impact of the event and how to remediate it, and actions, decisions and that are taken or made may further increase the effects of the event on our business, results of operations and reputation. While we maintain insurance coverage that is intended to address certain aspects of cybersecurity risks, such insurance coverage may not cover all or all types of that arise. As cyber continue to evolve, cybersecurity and data protection laws and regulations continue to develop in the U.S. and globally, and our business continues to move toward increased online connectivity within our information systems and through more Internet- and automated or AI-embedded products and offerings, we expect to expend additional resources to continue to build out our compliance programs, our information security, data protection and business continuity measures, and and remediate . For additional information on our cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance, see Item 1C. "Cybersecurity."
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• Unforeseen developments in contingencies such as litigation and product recalls could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We and certain of our subsidiaries are, and from time to time may become, parties to a number of legal proceedings incidental to our businesses, including allegedinjuries arising out of the use of products or exposure to hazardous substances, or claims related to patent infringement, employment matters and commercial disputes. The defense of these lawsuits may require significant expenses and divert management's attention, and we may be required to pay damages that could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, any insurance or indemnification rights that we may have may be insufficient or unavailable to protect us against potential loss exposures.
We may be exposed to product recalls and adverse public relations if our products are alleged to have defects, to cause property damage, to cause injury or illness, or if we are alleged to have violated governmental regulations. A product recall could result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, which would reduce operating profit and cash flow. In addition, a product recall may require significant management attention. Product recalls may hurt the value of our brands and lead to decreased demand for our products. Product recalls also may lead to increased scrutiny by federal, state or international regulatory agencies of our operations and increased and could have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
• Our revenue, operating profits and cash flows could be adversely affected if our businesses are unable to protect or obtain patent and other intellectual property rights.
Our businesses own patents, trademarks, licenses and other forms of intellectual property related to their products and continuously invest in research and development that may result in innovations and general intellectual property rights. Our businesses employ various measures to develop, maintain and protect their intellectual property rights. These measures may not be effective in capturing intellectual property rights, and they may not prevent our businesses' intellectual property from being challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, particularly in countries where intellectual property rights are not highly developed or protected. Unauthorized use of our businesses' intellectual property rights could adversely impact the competitive position of our businesses and could have a negative impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
• We could be negatively impacted by environmental, social and governance (ESG) and sustainability matters.
Governments, shareholders, customers, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on corporate ESG practices and disclosures, and expectations in this area continue to evolve and may diverge. Moreover, there are increasing government efforts, domestically and internationally, pertaining to mandatory sustainability reporting. These evolving expectations and reporting requirements may require us to expend substantial resources, could result in reduced demand for certain of our products and services, and could adversely impact our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations if we are unable to respond to them effectively.
Industry Risks
• Increasing product, service and price competition by international and domestic competitors, including new entrants, and our inability to introduce new and competitive products could cause our businesses to generate lower revenue, operating profits and cash flows.
Our competitive environment is complex because of the wide diversity of the products that our businesses manufacture and the markets they serve. In general, most of our businesses compete with only a few companies. Our ability to compete effectively depends on how successfully we anticipate and respond to various competitive factors, including new products, digital solutions and support services that may be introduced by competitors, changes in customer preferences, evolving regulations, new business models and technologies and pricing pressures. Emerging and evolving technologies such as artificial intelligence, our use of which we expect to increase over time, are rapidly developing, and our businesses may be adversely affected if we cannot successfully integrate these technologies into our business processes and product and service offerings in a timely and cost-effective manner. Further, if our businesses are unable to anticipate their competitors' developments or identify customer needs and preferences on a timely basis, successfully introduce new products, digital solutions and support services in response to such competitive factors, or adopt to market
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changes relating to climate change related policies, they could lose customers to competitors. If our businesses do not compete effectively, we may experience lower revenue, operating profits and cash flows.
• Our operating results depend in part on the timely development and commercialization, and customer acceptance, of new and enhanced products, digital solutions and support services based on technological innovation.
The success of new and improved products, digital solutions and support services depends on their initial and continued acceptance by our customers. Certain of our businesses sell in markets that are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions, changing industry standards and corresponding shifts in customer demand, which may result in unpredictable product transitions, shortened life cycles and increased importance of being first to market. Failure to correctly identify and predict customer needs and preferences, to deliver high quality, innovative and competitive products to the market, to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or to acquire rights to third-party technologies, to provide adequate data security and privacy protections and to stimulate customer demand for, and convince customers to adopt new products, digital solutions and support services could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we may experience difficulties or delays in the research, development, production or marketing of new products, digital solutions and support services which may prevent us from recouping or realizing a return on the investments required to continue to bring new products and services to market.
• We could lose customers or generate lower revenue, operating profits and cash flows if there are significant increases in the cost of our raw materials or components, or if suppliers are not able to meet our quality and delivery requirements.
We purchase raw materials, sub-assemblies and components for use in our manufacturing operations. Factors such as freight costs, transportation availability, inventory levels, the level of imports, the imposition of duties, tariffs and other trade barriers and general economic conditions may affect the price of these raw materials, sub-assemblies and components. Significant price increases for certain commodities, other raw materials or components could adversely affect operating profits of our businesses. While we generally attempt to mitigate the impact of increased raw material prices by hedging or passing along the increased costs to customers, there may be a time delay between the increased raw material prices and the ability to increase the prices of products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of products due to a competitor's pricing pressure or other factors.
We use a wide range of raw materials and components in our manufacturing operations that come from numerous suppliers. While we believe that sources of supply for raw materials and components are generally adequate, it is difficult to predict what effects of extended lead times or shortages may have in the future. In addition, some of the raw materials and components may be available only from limited or single source suppliers. If a single source or limited source supplier were to cease or interrupt production for any reason or otherwise fail to supply those raw materials or components to us on favorable purchase terms, including at favorable prices, in sufficient quantities and with adequate lead times needed for efficient manufacturing, our ability to meet customer commitments, and satisfy market demands for affected products could be negatively affected. The disruption of our global supply chain for any reason, including for issues such as public health , health epidemics or global pandemics, labor , of single source or limited source supplier, to procure sufficient raw materials, quality control issues, ethical sourcing issues, discontinuity or in our internal information and data systems or those of our suppliers, cybersecurity including but not limited to ransomware attacks, of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, a supplier's financial , natural , looting, or acts of war or terrorism, trade sanctions, tariffs or other external factors over which we have no control, could product supply and, if not effectively managed and remedied, have a material impact on our business operations, financial condition and results of operations.
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Legal and Regulatory Risks
• Our businesses are subject to regulation and their profitability and reputation could be adversely affected by domestic and foreign governmental and public policy changes, risks associated with emerging markets, changes in statutory tax rates and unanticipated outcomes with respect to tax audits.
Our businesses' domestic and international sales and operations must comply with a wide variety of laws, regulations and policies (including environmental, employment and health and safety regulations, data security laws, data privacy laws, export/import laws, tax policies such as export subsidy programs and research and experimentation credits, sustainability regulations, energy efficiency and design regulations and other similar programs). These laws, regulations and policies are complex, change frequently, have tended to become more stringent over time and may be inconsistent across jurisdictions. Failure to comply (or any alleged or perceived failure to comply) with any of the foregoing could result in civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties as well as potential damage to our reputation and disruption to our business. We cannot provide assurance that our costs of complying with new and evolving regulatory reporting requirements and current or future laws will not exceed our estimates. Any of these factors could affect customer demand, our relationships with customers and suppliers, and our business and financial position.
Certain of our businesses have sales or operations in countries, including Brazil, India and China, and may in the future invest in other countries, any of which may carry high levels of currency, political, compliance, or economic risk. While these risks or the impact of these risks are difficult to predict, any one or more of them could adversely affect our businesses and reputation.
Our effective tax rate is impacted by the mix of earnings among countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets and changes in income tax laws. The amount of income taxes and other taxes paid can be adversely impacted by changes in statutory tax rates and laws and are subject to ongoing audits by governmental authorities. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts estimated, then our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be adversely affected by unfavorable tax adjustments.
Financial and Strategic Risks
• Our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations on cross-border transactions and the translation of local currency results into U.S. dollars could negatively impact our results of operations.
We conduct business through our subsidiaries in many different countries, and fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a significant impact on our reported consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, which are presented in U.S. dollars. Cross-border transactions, both with external parties and intercompany relationships, result in increased exposure to foreign exchange effects. Accordingly, significant changes in currency exchange rates, particularly the euro, Chinese renminbi (yuan), Swedish krona, pound sterling, Indian rupee, Singapore dollar, Swiss franc, and Canadian dollar, could cause fluctuations in the reported results of our businesses' operations that could negatively affect our results of operations. Additionally, the strengthening of certain currencies such as the euro and U.S. dollar potentially exposes us to competitive threats from lower cost producers in other countries. Our sales are translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar could result in unfavorable translation effects as the results of foreign locations are translated into U.S. dollars.
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• Our growth and results of operations may be adversely affected if we are unsuccessful in our capital allocation and acquisition program.
We expect to continue our strategy of seeking to acquire value creating add-on businesses that broaden our existing position and global reach as well as, in the right circumstances, strategically pursue larger acquisitions that could have the potential to either complement our existing businesses or allow us to pursue a new platform. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to find suitable businesses to purchase, that we will be able to acquire such businesses on acceptable terms, or that all closing conditions will be satisfied with respect to any pending acquisition. In addition, we face the risk that a completed acquisition may underperform relative to expectations. We may not achieve the synergies originally anticipated, may become exposed to unexpected liabilities or may not be able to sufficiently integrate completed acquisitions into our current business and growth model. Further, if we fail to allocate our capital appropriately, in respect of either our acquisition program or organic growth in our operations, we could be overexposed in certain markets and geographies and to expand into adjacent products or markets. These factors could potentially have an impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
• The indemnification provisions of acquisition and disposition agreements by which we have acquired or sold or disposed of companies may not fully protect us and may result in unexpected liabilities.
Certain of the acquisition agreements by which we have acquired companies require the former owners to indemnify us against certain liabilities related to the operation of those companies before we acquired them. In most of these agreements, however, the liability of the former owners is limited and certain former owners may be unable to meet their indemnification responsibilities. Similarly, the purchasers of our disposed operations may from time to time agree to indemnify us for operations of such businesses after the closing. We cannot be assured that any of these indemnification provisions will fully protect us, and as a result we may face unexpected liabilities that adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we have retained certain liabilities directly or through indemnifications made to the buyers of businesses we have sold or disposed against known and unknown contingent liabilities such as tax liabilities and environmental matters.
There can be no assurance that the indemnity agreements will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of any liabilities that may arise, or that the indemnitors will be able to fully satisfy their indemnification obligations. The failure to receive amounts for which we are entitled to indemnification could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
exposed+1
divestiture+1
lack+1
divestitures+1
Positive rising
favorable+6
effective+1
improving+1
beautiful+1
constructive+1
MD&A (Item 7)
9,797 words
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2025. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and Notes included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and in the "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" preceding Part I of this Form 10-K. For more information regarding our consolidated results, segment results, and liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 refer to Part II Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Throughout this MD&A, we refer to measures used by management to evaluate performance, including a number of financial measures that are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Please see "Non-GAAP Disclosures" at the end of this Item 7 for further detail on these financial measures. We believe these measures provide investors with important information that is useful in understanding our business results and trends. Reconciliations within this MD&A provide more details on the use and derivation of these measures.
Dover Corporation is a diversified global manufacturer and solutions provider delivering innovative equipment and components, consumable supplies, aftermarket parts, software and digital solutions and support services.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, consolidated revenue was $8.1 billion, an increase of $346.7 million or 4.5%, as compared to the prior year. The increase is driven by acquisition-related growth of 2.6%, organic revenue growth of 1.6% and a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 1.0%, partially offset by a disposition-related decline of 0.7%. The results were primarily driven by robust trends in our secular-growth-exposed end markets, strategic pricing initiatives and acquisitions within the Clean Energy & Fueling and Pumps & Process Solutions segments.
The 1.6% organic revenue growth was driven by increases of 6.7%, 4.6%, and 1.9% in our Pumps & Process Solutions, Clean Energy & Fueling, and Imaging & Identification segments, respectively, partially offset by the Engineered Products and Climate & Sustainability Technologies segments which declined 6.6% and 2.1%, respectively. For further information, see "Segment Results of Operations" within this Item 7.
From a geographic perspective, organic revenue for the U.S., our largest market, grew 3.3% as compared to the prior year, driven by broad-based growth primarily in our Clean Energy & Fueling and Pumps & Process Solutions segments. Organic revenue in Asia grew 3.4%, while organic revenue in Europe and Other Americas declined 0.9% and 4.3%, respectively. All other geographic markets grew 0.7% organically year over year.
Bookings increased 6.0% over the prior year to $8.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025. The bookings increase was broad-based across the portfolio, with each segment except Engineered Products posting year-over-year growth.
Restructuring and other costs of $78.0 million included restructuring charges of $56.7 million and other costs of $21.2 million. Restructuring and other costs were primarily related to exit costs and headcount reductions across all segments, most notably within the Climate & Sustainability Technologies and Clean Energy & Fueling segments. Other costs (benefits) include $4.0 million in costs associated with a product line exit and $6.3 million in costs associated with a footprint reduction, both in our Climate & Sustainability Technologies segment. For further discussion related to our restructuring and other costs, see "Restructuring and Other Costs (Benefits)," within this Item 7.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company completed four business acquisitions totaling $665.3 million, net of cash acquired and inclusive of contingent consideration and measurement period adjustments. See Note 3 — Acquisitions in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details regarding the businesses acquired during the year.
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On November 10, 2025, the Company entered into the 2025 ASR Agreement, a $500.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement with JP Morgan to repurchase its shares under the 2025 ASR Program. The Company funded the 2025 ASR Program with cash on hand. Under the terms of the 2025 ASR Agreement, the Company paid JP Morgan $500.0 million on November 12, 2025, and on that date received initial delivery of 2,334,010 shares, representing a substantial majority of the shares expected to be retired over the course of the 2025 ASR Program. See Note 21 — Stockholders' Equity in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Years Ended December 31,
% / Point Change
(dollars in thousands, except per share figures)
Revenue
Cost of goods and services
Gross profit
Gross profit margin
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percent of revenue
Operating earnings
Interest expense
Interest income
Gain on dispositions
Other income, net
Earnings before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate
Earnings from continuing operations
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net
Net earnings
Earnings per common share from continuing operations - diluted
*nm: not meaningful
Revenue
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $346.7 million, or 4.5%, to $8.1 billion compared with 2024. Organic revenue growth of 1.6% is primarily driven by robust trends in our secular-growth-exposed end markets and above and below-ground retail fueling and pricing actions, partially offset by lower volumes in our vehicle service business and project timing in retail refrigeration equipment and services. The increase in revenue was also driven by acquisition-related growth of 2.6% primarily in our Pumps & Process Solutions and Clean Energy & Fueling segments and a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 1.0%, partially offset by a disposition-related decline of 0.7% in our Engineered Products segment. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue in 2025 by approximately 1.9% and by 1.6% in the prior year.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025, increased $259.5 million, or 8.8%, to $3.2 billion compared with 2024, primarily driven by favorable price versus cost dynamics, volume growth, product mix, and productivity actions. Gross profit margin increased 160 basis points to 39.8% as compared to the prior year driven by favorable price versus cost dynamics, productivity initiatives, favorable portfolio mix and benefits from restructuring actions.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $92.5 million, or 5.3% to $1.8 billion compared with 2024, primarily due to increased employee compensation and benefits and acquisition-related amortization. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 20 basis points to 22.8%.
Research and development costs, including qualifying engineering costs, are expensed when incurred and amounted to $165.3 million and $149.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. These costs as a percent of revenue were 2.0% and 1.9% for the years December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Non-Operating Items
Interest Expense, net
For the year ended December 31, 2025, interest expense, net of interest income, decreased $57.3 million, or 60.9%, to $36.7 million compared with 2024 primarily driven by higher interest income generated by the investment of proceeds from the sale of Environmental Solutions Group ("ESG") held in highly liquid short-term investments and reduced interest expense resulting from a lack of commercial paper borrowings.
Gain on Dispositions
Gain on dispositions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $4.6 million and $597.8 million, respectively. The gain on dispositions for the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by the sale of the De-Sta-Co business on March 31, 2024 and the sale of a minority owned equity method investment on September 30, 2024. See Note 4 — Discontinued and Disposed Operations in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details.
Other Income, net
Other income, net includes non-service pension benefit, deferred compensation plan investments gain or loss, earnings or charges from equity method investments, foreign exchange gain or loss, and various other items. Other income, net for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $33.0 million and $46.9 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2025, other income decreased compared to 2024 primarily due to decreased deferred compensation plan investment gain, decreased earnings from our equity method investments and foreign currency exchange loss.
Income Taxes
Our businesses have a global presence with 38.6% and 35.8% of our pre-tax earnings in 2025 and 2024, respectively, generated in foreign jurisdictions. Foreign earnings are generally subject to local country tax rates that differ from the 21.0% U.S. statutory tax rate.
Our effective tax rate was 20.1% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 20.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily driven by mix of earnings and reorganizations.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill was enacted into law, introducing changes to the U.S. tax code, including making permanent certain provisions originally enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, such as 100% bonus depreciation and the immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs. The changes do not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.
The Company is continuing to monitor the changes in tax laws resulting from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s multi-jurisdictional plan of action to address base erosion and profit shifting. The changes do not have a material impact on our effective tax rate.
See Note 14 — Income Taxes in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details.
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Earnings from Continuing Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2025, earnings from continuing operations decreased $302.5 million, or 21.6%, to $1.1 billion, or $7.97 per diluted share, compared with earnings from continuing operations of $1.4 billion, or $10.09 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2024. Earnings from continuing operations decreased primarily due to the after-tax gain on dispositions of De-Sta-Co and a minority owned equity method investment totaling $462.4 million in the prior year, partially offset by higher operating earnings in the current period.
Discontinued Operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $3.5 million. Earnings from discontinued operations, net for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $1.3 billion representing the results of ESG through the date of disposition. Refer to Note 4 — Discontinued and Disposed Operations in Item 8 of this form 10-K for additional information on discontinued and disposed operations.
SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The summary that follows provides a discussion of the results of operations of each of our five reportable operating segments (Engineered Products, Clean Energy & Fueling, Imaging & Identification, Pumps & Process Solutions and Climate & Sustainability Technologies). Each of these segments is comprised of various product and service offerings that serve multiple markets. We evaluate our operating segment performance based on segment earnings as defined in Note 19 — Segment Information in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
We report organic revenue growth, a non-GAAP measure, which excludes the impact of foreign currency exchange rates and the impact of acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that reporting organic revenue growth provides a useful comparison of our revenue performance and trends between periods.
Additionally, we use the following operational metrics in monitoring the performance of the business. We believe the operational metrics are useful to investors and other users of our financial information in assessing the performance of our segments:
• Bookings represent total orders received from customers in the current reporting period and exclude de-bookings related to orders received in prior periods, if any. This metric is an important measure of performance and an indicator of revenue order trends.
• Book-to-bill is a ratio of the amount of bookings received from customers during a period divided by the amount of revenue recorded during that same period. This metric is a useful indicator of demand.
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Engineered Products
Our Engineered Products segment provides a wide range of equipment, components, software, solutions and services to the vehicle aftermarket, aerospace and defense, industrial winch and hoist, precision soldering and fluid dispensing end-markets.
Years Ended December 31,
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Segment earnings
Segment margin
Operational metric:
Bookings
Components of revenue decline:
Organic decline
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Foreign currency translation
Total revenue decline
2025 Versus 2024
Engineered Products revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $116.6 million, or 9.7%, compared to the prior year due to an organic revenue decline of 6.6% and a disposition-related decline of 4.3%, partially offset by a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 0.8% and acquisition-related growth of 0.4%. The disposition-related decline was due to the divestiture of De-Sta-Co in the first quarter of 2024. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue in 2025 by approximately 2.8%.
The organic revenue decline was primarily due to lower volumes in our vehicle service business, partially offset by pricing actions and favorable demand trends in aerospace and defense components and software. We expect improvements in organic growth trends in 2026 driven by favorable demand trends in several of our key end markets, most notably in aerospace and defense, as well as an improving demand outlook in vehicle service.
Engineered Products segment earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $14.0 million, or 6.0%, compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to disposition-related impacts and lower volumes in vehicle service, partially offset by favorable price versus cost dynamics, productivity and cost management initiatives and benefits from restructuring actions. Segment margin increased to 20.0% from 19.2% in the prior year.
Overall, bookings for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $76.2 million, or 6.5%, compared to the prior year. The bookings decline was due to the above mentioned divestiture and reduced demand in our vehicle service business, partially offset by strength in aerospace and defense. Segment book-to-bill was 1.01.
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Clean Energy & Fueling
Our Clean Energy & Fueling segment provides components, equipment, software solutions and services enabling safe and reliable storage, transport, dispensing, and remote monitoring of traditional and clean fuels (including liquefied natural gas, hydrogen, and electric vehicle charging), cryogenic gases, and other hazardous substances along the supply chain, and safe and efficient operation of convenience retail, retail fueling and vehicle wash establishments.
Years Ended December 31,
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Segment earnings
Segment margin
Operational metric:
Bookings
Components of revenue growth:
Organic growth
Acquisitions
Foreign currency translation
Total revenue growth
2025 Versus 2024
C lean Energy & Fueling revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $193.7 million, or 10.0%, compared to the prior year, attributable to acquisition-related growth of 5.1%, organic growth of 4.6% and a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 0.3%. Acquisition-related growth was primarily driven by the acquisition of Marshall Excelsior Company in the third quarter of 2024. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue in 2025 by approximately 1.7% .
The organic revenue growth was primarily driven by pricing actions and favorable demand trends in our above and below-ground retail fueling, fluid transport, and clean energy components businesses. We expect positive demand trends to continue in 2026 driven by a favorable outlook across major end markets.
Clean Energy & Fueling segment earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $58.1 million, or 16.1%, compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by volume growth, favorable price versus cost dynamics, the positive impact from acquisitions and benefits from restructuring actions. Segment margin increased to 19.6% from 18.6% in the prior year.
Overall bookings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased 11.8% compared to the prior year. The bookings growth was primarily driven by acquisition-related growth in clean energy platforms and demand in North America above and below-ground retail fueling equipment, partially offset by reduced vehicle wash orders. Segment book-to-bill was 1.02.
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Imaging & Identification
Our Imaging & Identification segment supplies precision marking and coding, product traceability, brand protection and digital textile printing equipment, as well as related consumables, software and services to the global packaged and consumer goods, pharmaceutical, industrial manufacturing, textile and other end-markets.
Years Ended December 31,
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Segment earnings
Segment margin
Operational metric:
Bookings
Components of revenue growth:
Organic growth
Acquisitions
Foreign currency translation
Total revenue growth
2025 Versus 2024
Imaging & Identification revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $36.3 million, or 3.2% compared to the prior year, comprised of organic growth of 1.9%, a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 1.2% and acquisition-related growth of 0.1%. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue in 2025 by approximately 3.1%.
The organic revenue growth was primarily driven by pricing, along with volume growth in core marking and coding equipment and serialization software. We expect demand trends to remain favorable in 2026 driven by solid demand trends across the segment.
Imaging & Identification segment earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $13.0 million, or 4.3%, compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily driven by favorable price versus cost dynamics and productivity initiatives. Segment margin increased to 26.8% from 26.5% in the prior year.
Overall bookings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased 2.7% compared to the prior year. The bookings increase was primarily driven by our core marking and coding business. Segment book-to-bill was 1.00.
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Pumps & Process Solutions
Our Pumps & Process Solutions segment manufactures specialty pumps and flow meters, fluid transfer connectors, highly engineered precision components, instruments and digital controls for rotating and reciprocating machines, polymer processing equipment, measurement, inspection, and control technologies, serving single-use biopharmaceutical production, diversified industrial manufacturing applications, chemical production, plastics and polymer processing, midstream and downstream oil and gas, clean energy markets, thermal management, wire and cable, food and beverage, semiconductor production and medical applications and other end-markets.
Years Ended December 31,
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Segment earnings
Segment margin
Operational metric:
Bookings
Components of revenue growth:
Organic growth
Acquisitions
Foreign currency translation
Total revenue growth
2025 Versus 2024
Pumps & Process Solutions revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $254.1 million, or 13.4%, compared to the prior year, attributable to organic growth of 6.7%, acquisition-related growth of 5.2% and a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 1.5%. Acquisition-related growth was driven by the acquisitions of Cryogenic Machinery Corp. ("Cryo-Mach") in the first quarter of 2025 and Sikora AG ("Sikora") and ipp Pump Products GmbH ("ipp") in the second quarter of 2025. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue by approximately 1.9% in 2025.
The organic revenue growth was primarily driven by single-use biopharma components, thermal connectors used in liquid cooling of data centers, as well as precision components and digital controls for midstream natural gas compression and power generation, partially offset by expected declines in our polymer processing equipment business as customers shift focus to optimizing the significant capacity investments made over the last several years. We expect demand conditions to remain constructive across end markets in 2026.
Pumps & Process Solutions segment earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $115.0 million, or 21.4%, compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by higher volumes, productivity initiatives, favorable portfolio mix and the impact from acquisitions. Segment margin increased to 30.3% from 28.3% in the prior year.
Overall bookings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased 9.9% as compared to the prior year. The bookings increase was primarily driven by positive demand trends in biopharmaceutical end markets, growth in high performance computing and data center application demand and the favorable impact from acquisitions. Segment book-to-bill was 0.95.
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Climate & Sustainability Technologies
Our Climate & Sustainability Technologies segment is a provider of innovative and energy-efficient equipment, components, solutions, services and parts for the commercial refrigeration, heating and cooling and beverage can-making equipment end-markets.
Years Ended December 31,
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Segment earnings
Segment margin
Operational metric:
Bookings
Components of revenue decline:
Organic decline
Foreign currency translation
Total revenue decline
2025 Versus 2024
Climate & Sustainability Technologies revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $19.8 million, or 1.3%, compared to the prior year, reflecting an organic revenue decline of 2.1%, partially offset by a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 0.8%. Customer pricing favorably impacted revenue in 2025 by approximately 0.6%.
The organic revenue decline was primarily due to project timing in retail refrigeration door cases and services, partially offset by continued strong demand for low-GWP CO 2 refrigerant systems and improving demand across beverage can-making and heat exchanger applications. We expect demand conditions to trend favorably in 2026 primarily driven by continued strong demand in CO 2 refrigerant systems, expected recovery in refrigerated door cases and services, as well as a favorable outlook for heat exchangers due to accelerating demand in data center cooling applications and continued improvement in European residential heat pumps.
Climate & Sustainability Technologies segment earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $14.8 million, or 5.9%, compared to the prior year. The segment earnings increase was primarily driven by higher heat exchanger and beverage can-making volumes, productivity and cost management initiatives and the favorable mix impact from CO 2 refrigerant systems growth. Segment margin increased to 17.0% from 15.9% in the prior year.
Overall, bookings for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased 6.0% compared to the prior year. The bookings increase was driven by favorable heat exchanger and CO 2 refrigerant systems demand trends. Segment book-to-bill was 1.07.
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Reconciliation of Segment Earnings to Earnings from Continuing Operations
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Earnings from Continuing Operations:
Segment earnings:
Engineered Products
Clean Energy & Fueling
Imaging & Identification
Pumps & Process Solutions
Climate & Sustainability Technologies
Total segment earnings
Purchase accounting expenses (1)
Restructuring and other costs (2)
Gain on dispositions (3)
Corporate expense / other (4)
Interest expense
Interest income
Earnings before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Earnings from continuing operations
(1) Purchase accounting expenses are primarily comprised of amortization of intangible assets.
(2) Restructuring and other costs relate to actions taken for headcount reductions, facility consolidations and site closures, product line exits, and other asset charges.
(3) Gain on dispositions includes post-closing adjustments; see Note 4 — Discontinued and Disposed Operations in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details.
(4) Certain expenses are maintained at the corporate level and not allocated to the segments. These expenses include executive and functional compensation costs, non-service pension costs, non-operating insurance expenses, shared business services and digital and IT overhead costs, deal related expenses and various administrative expenses relating to the corporate headquarters.
Restructuring and Other Costs (Benefits)
Restructuring and other costs are not presented in our segment earnings because these costs are excluded from the segment operating performance measure reviewed by management. During the year ended December 31, 2025, restructuring charges of $56.7 million were primarily related to exit costs and headcount reductions across all segments, most notably within the Climate & Sustainability Technologies and Clean Energy & Fueling segments. These restructuring programs were initiated in 2024 and 2025 and the Company will continue to make proactive adjustments to its cost structure to align with current demand trends. Additional programs, beyond the scope of the announced programs, may be implemented during 2026 with related restructuring charges. Other costs, net of $21.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, include $4.0 million in costs associated with a product line exit and $6.3 million in costs associated with a footprint reduction, both in our Climate & Sustainability Technologies segment. These restructuring and other charges were primarily recorded in cost of goods and services and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of earnings.
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We recorded the following restructuring and other costs for the year ended December 31, 2025:
Year Ended December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)
Engineered Products
Clean Energy & Fueling
Imaging & Identification
Pumps & Process Solutions
Climate & Sustainability Technologies
Corporate
Total
Restructuring
Other costs, net
Restructuring and other costs
During the year ended December 31, 2024, restructuring charges of $69.8 million were primarily related to headcount reductions and product line and other exit costs in the Clean Energy & Fueling and Climate & Sustainability Technologies segments. These restructuring programs were initiated in 2023 and 2024 and were undertaken in light of current market conditions. Other costs, net of $15.2 million were primarily due to non-cash asset impairment charges and reorganization costs in the Climate & Sustainability Technologies and Imaging & Identification segments, respectively. These restructuring and other charges were primarily recorded in cost of goods and services and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of earnings.
We recorded the following restructuring and other costs for the year ended December 31, 2024 :
Year Ended December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Engineered Products
Clean Energy & Fueling
Imaging & Identification
Pumps & Process Solutions
Climate & Sustainability Technologies
Corporate
Total
Restructuring
Other costs, net
Restructuring and other costs
See Note 11 — Restructuring Activities in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details regarding our recent restructuring activities.
Purchase Accounting Expenses
Purchase accounting expenses are primarily comprised of amortization of intangible assets. These expenses are not presented in our segment earnings because they are excluded from the segment operating performance measure reviewed by management. These expenses are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Purchase accounting expenses
Engineered Products
Clean Energy & Fueling
Imaging & Identification
Pumps & Process Solutions (1)
Climate & Sustainability Technologies
Total
(1) Purchase accounting expenses in our Pumps & Process Solutions segment increased by $26.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from the prior year, primarily due to the acquisition of Sikora in Q2 2025.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. Significant factors affecting liquidity are cash flows generated from operating activities, capital expenditures, acquisitions, dispositions, dividends, repurchase of outstanding shares, adequacy of available commercial paper and bank lines of credit and the ability to attract long-term capital with satisfactory terms. We generate substantial cash from the operations of our businesses and remain in a strong financial position, with sufficient liquidity available for upcoming debt maturities and for reinvestment in existing businesses and strategic acquisitions.
Cash Flow Summary
The following table is derived from our consolidated statements of cash flows:
Years Ended December 31,
Cash Flows from Operations (in thousands)
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by $250.2 million compared to 2024. This increase was primarily driven by higher operating earnings during the year ended December 31, 2025 and timing of tax payments on prior year dispositions.
Adjusted Working Capital: We believe adjusted working capital (a non-GAAP measure calculated as accounts receivable, plus inventory, less accounts payable) provides a meaningful measure of liquidity by showing changes caused by operational results. The following table provides a calculation of adjusted working capital:
Adjusted Working Capital ( in thousands)
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
Receivables, net
Inventories, net
Less: Accounts payable
Adjusted working capital
Adjusted working capital increased by $117.4 million, or 7.1%, to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2025, which reflected an increase in accounts receivable of $17.1 million, an increase in inventory of $127.9 million and an increase in accounts payable of $27.7 million. These amounts include the effects of acquisitions and foreign currency translation. The increase in adjusted working capital versus year-end 2024 is primarily driven by higher inventory purchases to support the increase in order rates.
Investing Activities
Cash flow from investing activities is derived from cash inflows from proceeds from dispositions, offset by cash outflows for acquisitions and capital expenditures. The majority of the activity in investing activities was comprised of the following:
• Proceeds from dispositions : We received net proceeds of $6.0 million and $93.0 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the sale of a minority owned equity method investment in the third quarter of 2024 within the Climate & Sustainability Technologies segment. In 2024, we also received net proceeds of $675.9 million from the sale of De-Sta-Co, an operating company within the Engineered Products segment. See Note 4 — Discontinued and Disposed Operations in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
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• Acquisitions: In 2025, we deployed approximately $663.3 million, net of cash acquired to acquire three businesses within the Pumps & Process Solutions segment and one business within the Clean Energy & Fueling segment. In comparison, we acquired eight businesses in 2024 for total consideration of $635.3 million, net of cash acquired. See Note 3 — Acquisitions in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
• Capital spending: Capital expenditures increased $52.7 million to $220.3 million in 2025 compared to $167.5 million in 2024, primarily to support growth initiatives, productivity and new product launches.
We anticipate that capital expenditures and any additional acquisitions we make in 2026 will be funded from available cash and internally generated funds and, if necessary, through the issuance of commercial paper, or by accessing the public debt or equity markets. We estimate capital expenditures in 2026 to range from $190.0 million to $210.0 million.
Financing Activities
Cash flow from financing activities generally relat es to the use of cash for purchases of our common stock and payment of dividends, offset by net borrowing activity. The majority of financing activity was attributed to the following:
• Repurchase of common stock, including accelerated share repurchase program: During 2025, the Company received initial delivery of 2,334,010 shares, representing a substantial majority of the shares expected to be retired over the course of the 2025 ASR Program for $500.0 million. Exclusive of the 2025 ASR Program, the Company repurchased 200,000 shares of common stock at a total cost of $40.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received a total of 2,869,282 shares upon completion of the 2024 ASR Program for $500.0 million.
• Long-term debt, commercial paper and other short-term borrowings, net : During 2025, we issued €550.0 million of 3.50% euro-denominated notes due 2033 ("2033 Notes"). The proceeds of €546.6 million from the issuance of the 2033 Notes, net of discounts and issuance costs, were used for general corporate purposes. On November 15, 2025, the outstanding 3.150% notes with a principal value of $400.0 million matured. The repayment of the notes at maturity was funded by the Company's existing cash balances. There were no repayments or issuances of long-term debt in 2024. During 2025, we used $0.6 million to pay off other short-term borrowings. In 2024, we used $467.6 million to pay off primarily commercial paper borrowings.
• Dividend payments: Total dividend payments to common shareholders were $283.0 million in 2025 and $283.1 million in 2024. Our dividends paid per common share increased 1% to $2.07 per share in 2025 compared to $2.05 per share in 2024. The number of common shares outstanding decreased from 2024 to 2025, as share repurchases exceeded share issuances.
Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations for the years end December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $(14.2) million and $1.6 billion, respectively. Cash flows from discontinued operations generated in 2024 primarily relate to cash provided by investing activities of $2.0 billion, which is comprised primarily of proceeds from the sale of ESG and partially offset by cash used in operating activities of $339.5 million, comprised of $439.9 million in tax payments made related to the gain on disposition, partially offset by cash flows from ESG's operating results.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Free Cash Flow
In addition to measuring our cash flow generation and usage based upon the operating, investing and financing classifications included in the consolidated statements of cash flows, we also measure free cash flow (a non-GAAP measure) which represents net cash provided by operating activities minus capital expenditures. Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue equals free cash flow divided by revenue. Free cash flow as a percentage of earnings from continuing operations equals free cash flow divided by earnings from continuing operations. We believe that free cash flow is an important measure of liquidity because it provides management and investors a measurement of cash generated from operations that may be available for mandatory payment obligations and investment opportunities, such as funding acquisitions, paying dividends, repaying debt and repurchasing our common stock.
The following table reconciles our free cash flow to cash flow provided by operating activities:
Years Ended December 31,
Free Cash Flow (dollars in thousands)
Cash flow provided by operating activities
Less: Capital expenditures
Free cash flow
Cash flow from operating activities as a percentage of revenue
Cash flow from operating activities as a percentage of earnings from continuing operations
Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue
Free cash flow as a percentage of earnings from continuing operations
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we generated free cash flow of $1.1 billion, representing 13.8% of revenue and 101.9% of earnings from continuing operations. Free cash flow increased by $197.4 million compared to 2024, primarily driven by higher operating earnings and the timing of tax payments on prior year dispositions, partially offset by higher capital expenditures. The increases in cash flow from operating activities and free cash flow as percentages of earnings from continuing operations are due primarily to the gain on disposition of De-Sta-Co impacting the prior year. See Note 4 — Discontinued and Disposed Operations in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
Capitalization
We use commercial paper borrowings for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions and the repurchase of our common stock. As of December 31, 2025, we maintained $1.0 billion five-year and $500.0 million 364-day unsecured revolving credit facilities (together, the "Credit Agreements") with a syndicate of banks which expire April 6, 2028 and April 2, 2026, respectively. The Company may elect to extend the maturity date of any loans under the 364-day credit facility until April 2, 2027, subject to conditions specified therein. The Credit Agreements are designated as a liquidity back-stop for the Company's commercial paper program and also are available for general corporate purposes.
At the Company's election, loans under the Credit Agreements will bear interest at a base rate plus an applicable margin. The Credit Agreements require the Company to pay facility fees and impose various restrictions on the Company such as, among other things, a requirement to maintain an interest coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated net interest expense of not less than 3.0 to 1. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the Credit Agreements and other long-term debt covenants at December 31, 2025 and had an interest coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated net interest expense of 48.8 to 1. We are not aware of any potential impairment to our liquidity and expect to remain in compliance with all of our debt covenants.
We also have a current shelf registration statement filed with the SEC that allows for the issuance of additional debt securities that may be utilized in one or more offerings on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. Net proceeds of any offering would be used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of existing indebtedness, capital expenditures and acquisitions.
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On November 12, 2025, the Company issued €550.0 million of 3.50% euro-denominated notes due 2033. The proceeds of €546.6 million from the issuance of the 2033 Notes, net of discounts and issuance costs, were used for general corporate purposes.
On November 15, 2025, the outstanding 3.150% notes with a principal value of $400.0 million matured. The repayment of the notes at maturity was funded by the Company's existing cash balances.
At December 31, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.7 billion, of which approximately $447.8 million was held outside the United States. At December 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.8 billion, of which $300.5 million was held outside the United States. Cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in bank deposits with highly rated banks. We regularly hold cash in excess of near-term requirements in bank deposits or invest the funds in government money market instruments or short-term investments, which consist of investment grade time deposits with original maturity dates at the time of purchase of no greater than three months.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company completed four business acquisitions for total consideration of $665.3 million, net of cash acquired and inclusive of contingent consideration of $2.0 million and measurement period adjustments. See Note 3 — Acquisitions in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
We utilize the net debt to net capitalization calculation (a non-GAAP measure) to evaluate our capital structure and assess our overall financial leverage and capacity and believe the calculation is useful to investors for the same reasons. Net debt represents total debt minus cash and cash equivalents. Net capitalization represents net debt plus stockholders' equity. The following table provides a calculation of net debt to net capitalization from the most directly comparable GAAP measures:
Net Debt to Net Capitalization Ratio
(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
Long-term debt
Total debt
Less: Cash and cash equivalents
Net debt
Add: Stockholders' equity
Net capitalization
Net debt to net capitalization
Our net debt to net capitalization ratio increased to 18.2% at December 31, 2025 compared to 13.5% at December 31, 2024. Net debt increased $566.6 million during the period primarily due to the issuance of the 2033 Notes and the increase in value of the euro-denominated debt resulting from foreign currency translation adjustments offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents from acquisition-related investments and repayment of the current portion of long-term debt. Stockholders' equity increased for the period as a result of current earnings of $1.1 billion, partially offset by share repurchases, including shares repurchased under the ASR Program, and dividends paid during the period.
Our ability to obtain debt financing at comparable risk-based interest rates is partly a function of our existing cash flow-to-debt and debt-to-capitalization levels as well as our current credit standing. Set forth below are our credit ratings, as of December 31, 2025, which were independently developed by the respective credit agencies. The Moody's rating and outlook were issued in December 2018, and the Standard & Poor's rating was issued in December 2017 and the outlook was most recently revised in May 2021. The ratings and outlooks from both agencies were affirmed in 2025.
Short-Term Rating
Long-Term Rating
Outlook
Moody's
Baa1
Stable
Standard & Poor's
BBB+
Stable
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As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $230.0 million outstanding in letters of credit, surety bonds, and performance and other guarantees which primarily expire on various dates through 2035 . These letters of credit and bonds are primarily issued as security for insurance, warranty and other performance obligations. In general, we would only be liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event of default in the performance of our obligations, the probability of which is believed to be remote.
As of December 31, 2025, our estimate of future interest payments on long-term debt, including the current portion, is $927.1 million.
Operating cash flow and access to capital markets are expected to satisfy our various cash flow requirements, including acquisitions, capital expenditures, purchase obligations, debt maturities and lease obligations. Acquisition spending and/or share repurchases could potentially increase our debt.
We believe that existing sources of liquidity are adequate to meet anticipated funding needs at current risk-based interest rates for the foreseeable future.
Financial Instruments and Risk Management
The diverse nature of our businesses' activities necessitates the management of various financial and market risks, including those related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. We periodically use derivative and non-derivative financial instruments to manage some of these risks. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instrument contracts; however, nonperformance by these counterparties is considered unlikely as our policy is to contract with highly-rated, diversified counterparties.
Interest Rate Exposure
As of December 31, 2025, and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not have any open interest rate swap contracts; however, we may in the future enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. We issue commercial paper, which exposes us to changes in variable interest rates; however, maturities are typically three months or less so a change in rates over this period would not have a material impact on our pre-tax earnings.
We consider our current risk related to market fluctuations in interest rates to be minimal since our debt is long-term and fixed rate in nature. Generally, the fair market value of fixed-interest rate debt will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. A 100 basis point increase in market interest rates would decrease the 2025 year-end fair value of our long-term debt by approximately $156.7 million. However, since we have no plans to repurchase our outstanding fixed-rate instruments before their maturities, the impact of market interest rate fluctuations on our long-term debt does not affect our results of operations or financial position.
Foreign Currency Exposure
We conduct business in various non-U.S. countries, including Canada, substantially all of the European countries, Mexico, Brazil, China, India and other Asian countries. Therefore, we have foreign currency risk relating to receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies. We will occasionally use derivative and non-derivative financial instruments to offset such risks, when it is believed that the exposure will not be limited by our normal operating and financing activities. We have formal policies to mitigate risk in this area by using fair value and/or cash flow hedging programs.
Changes in the value of the currencies of the countries in which we operate affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows when translated into U.S. dollars, our reporting currency. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar could result in unfavorable translation effects as the results of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars. We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements relative to our investment in non-U.S. operations. We may, from time to time, for a specific exposure, enter into fair value hedges.
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Additionally, we have designated the €600 million, €500 million and €550 million of euro-denominated notes issued November 9, 2016, November 4, 2019 and November 12, 2025, respectively, as a hedge of our net investment in euro-denominated operations. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the exposure being hedged, fluctuations in the value of the euro-denominated debt due to exchange rate changes are offset by changes in the net investment. Accordingly, changes in the value of the euro-denominated debt are recognized in the cumulative translation adjustment section of other comprehensive income to offset changes in the value of the net investment in euro-denominated operations. Due to the fluctuations of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar, the U.S. dollar equivalent of this debt increases or decreases, resulting in the recognition of a pre-tax loss of $154.8 million and a pre-tax gain of $66.8 million in other comprehensive earnings (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
Commodity Price Exposure
Some of our businesses are exposed to volatility in the prices of certain commodities, such as aluminum, steel, copper and various precious metals, among others. Our primary exposure to commodity pricing volatility relates to the use of these materials in purchased component parts or the purchase of raw materials. In some cases, we maintain longer-term index-based contracts on raw materials and component parts and centrally drive an ongoing effort to minimize risk proactively. However, we are prone to exposure as these contracts expire.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Revenue Recognition
Description
The majority of our revenue is generated through the manufacture and sale of a broad range of specialized products and components, with revenue recognized upon transfer of title and risk of loss, which is generally upon shipment. In limited cases, our revenue arrangements with customers require delivery, installation, testing, certification, or other promises to deliver goods or services that may impact the timing or pattern of revenue recognized. The remainder of our revenue is recognized over time, which is primarily related to services performed and specialized goods manufactured.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
A significant level of judgment is involved in the identification of performance obligations for contracts with multiple-element arrangements and the allocation of the transaction price based on the relative stand-alone selling price. The identification requires judgment to identify all distinct goods or services and also the appropriate timing of revenue recognition for each distinct good or service based on the transfer of control to the customer. We estimate the relative stand-alone selling price for performance obligations if not directly observable. A significant level of judgment is also involved in the selection of the appropriate method to recognize revenue over time.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
To the extent the judgments and estimates used or the method selected to recognize revenue over time differ or change in a future period, a change to revenue and the related assets and liabilities could impact our financial position or results of operations. The judgments, estimates, and methods used have been applied consistently over the last three fiscal years.
Valuation of Acquired Intangible Assets
Description
Intangible assets represent a significant portion of our consolidated balance sheet as a result of current and past acquisitions. Intangible assets primarily include customer intangibles, trademarks, unpatented technologies, and patents. The fair value of acquired intangible assets is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, and the Company may engage third-party appraisal firms to assist with the determination of fair values of significant intangible assets. The valuation of intangible assets is performed at the time of acquisition and may change during the acquisition measurement period until the valuation is finalized. The fair value of finite-lived intangible assets is subsequently amortized over the estimated useful life.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
The significant assumptions used in the valuation of customer intangibles include future cash flows, customer attrition rate, and discount rate. The significant assumptions for the valuation of trademarks include future revenues, royalty rate, and
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discount rate. The significant assumptions for the valuation of unpatented technologies and patents include future revenues, obsolescence rate, royalty rate, and discount rate. The assumptions and estimates used in the valuation of these intangible assets are based on several factors, including historical experience with similar businesses and industries and information obtained from operating company management.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
While we believe the assumptions used in our valuation of intangible assets are reasonable and representative of expected results, actual results may differ from these assumptions. While the assumptions used for each acquisition are dependent on the acquired company, the assumptions have been applied using a consistent methodology over the last three fiscal years.
Goodwill Impairment
Description
Goodwill is the difference between the consideration transferred and the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter, or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist, or when a change in the composition of reporting units for goodwill occurs for other reasons, such as a disposition or a change in segments. The impairment test involves a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. Fair value reflects the price a potential market participant would be willing to pay for the reporting unit in an arms-length transaction.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
The significant assumptions in the fair value analysis of goodwill are the estimated future cash flows and the discount rate. The determination of future cash flows involves significant judgment and is primarily driven by forecasted revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins for the reporting unit. These assumptions are developed based on the reporting unit’s expected future performance, which considers historical performance. We use a discount rate commensurate with the inherent risks in our internally developed forecasts of future cash flows. The discount rate may also fluctuate due to market conditions such as rising interest rates.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
While we believe the assumptions used in our annual impairment analysis are reasonable and representative of expected results and reflective of a market participant, actual results may differ from these assumptions. The methodology used for the goodwill impairment test has remained consistent over the last three fiscal years.
Valuation of Pension Benefit Obligation
Description
The pension benefit obligation is actuarially determined in accordance with GAAP and is impacted by assumptions used to estimate the obligation, namely the discount rate. Annually, we review the actuarial assumptions used and compare the assumptions to third-party benchmarks to ensure that the selected assumptions accurately account for our future pension benefit obligations.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
Our discount rate assumptions are determined by developing a yield curve based on high quality corporate bonds with maturities matching the plans’ expected benefit payment streams. The plans’ expected cash flows are then discounted by the resulting year-by-year discount rates. The 2025 weighted-average discount rate used to measure our pension benefit obligations for non-US plans increased to 2.89% from 2.64% in 2024. The U.S. Plan discount rate decreased to 5.40% from 5.70% in 2024. The change in both the non-US plans and the U.S. Plan were driven by changes in corporate bond yields over the period.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
A 25-basis point decrease in the discount rates used for these plans would have increased pension benefit obligations by approximately $15.5 million from the amount recorded at December 31, 2025. The methodology used for the valuation of the pension benefit obligation has remained consistent over the last three fiscal years.
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Recoverability of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Description
We operate in and are subject to income taxes in various jurisdictions and are subject to ongoing audits by federal, state, and non-U.S. tax authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the realizability of deferred tax assets and evaluating unrecognized tax benefits.
We have significant amounts of deferred tax assets that are evaluated for recoverability and valued accordingly. Management evaluates the realizability of deferred income tax assets for each jurisdiction in which the Company operates. We record valuation allowances to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets to amounts that we expect are more likely than not to be realized.
The provision for unrecognized tax benefits provides a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for determining the financial statement tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosure requirements regarding uncertainties in income tax positions. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
In assessing the adequacy of a recorded valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence, including the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, historical and projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Additionally, significant judgment is required in the identification and measurement of unrecognized tax benefits. Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits contains uncertainties because management is required to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the exposures associated with our various filing positions.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
Although we believe that our judgments and estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ and result in additional tax expense or benefit. If we determine a valuation allowance should be recognized to reduce the carrying value of a deferred tax asset or a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit needs to be recorded, the adjustment would result in a change to tax expense in the period such determination is made. We have not made any material changes in the process we use to assess valuation allowances and unrecognized tax benefits over the last three fiscal years.
Contingencies
Description
Liabilities are established for environmental and legal contingencies at both the business and corporate levels. A significant amount of judgment and the use of estimates are required to quantify our ultimate exposure in these matters.
Judgments and uncertainties involved in the estimate
The valuation of liabilities for these contingencies is reviewed on a quarterly basis to ensure that we have accrued the proper level of expense. The liability balances are adjusted to account for changes in circumstances for ongoing issues and the establishment of additional liabilities for emerging issues. Estimates used in the valuations include the probable outcome of such proceedings, the costs and expenses reasonably expected to be incurred and currently accrued to-date and consider the availability and extent of insurance coverage. Such liability balances contain uncertainties due to new developments regarding the facts and circumstances of each proceeding, changes in applicable laws and regulations, and other future events and decisions by third parties that may impact the ultimate resolution of a proceeding.
Effect if actual results differ from assumptions
Although we believe that the amount accrued to-date is adequate, future changes in circumstances could impact these determinations, and we may be exposed to a material loss. For example, to the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability has been established or are required to pay amounts in excess of our established liability, our contingent liability in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. However, the Company does not believe that it is currently involved in any legal proceedings which, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
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Recent Accounting Standards
See Note 1 — Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and recently adopted accounting standards.
Non-GAAP Disclosures
In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we also disclose non-GAAP information, which we believe provides useful information to investors. Free cash flow, free cash flow as a percentage of revenue, free cash flow as a percentage of earnings from continuing operations, net debt, net capitalization, net debt to net capitalization ratio, adjusted working capital, and organic revenue growth are not financial measures under GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for cash flows from operating activities, debt or equity, working capital or revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, and they may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
Reconciliations and comparisons to non-GAAP measures can be found above in this Item 7, MD&A.
