Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Torrid Holdings Inc.. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.04pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
+0.06pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
-0.14pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
negatively+2
threats+2
retaliatory+2
crises+2
adverse+1
Positive rising
profitability+3
enhance+2
successful+1
leading+1
innovations+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
16,453 words
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the financial and other information contained in this Form 10-K, including our financial statements and the related notes and under “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before you decide to purchase, hold or sell shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K or in any document incorporated by reference herein are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business.
Summary Risk Factors
The following is a summary of some of the material risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below:
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
loss+11
unpaid+2
adversely+1
negative+1
fail+1
Positive rising
benefit+7
improve+1
better+1
MD&A (Item 7)
8,843 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows of our Company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
Overview
We are a direct-to-consumer brand in North America dedicated to offering a diverse assortment of stylish apparel, intimates, and accessories skillfully designed for the curvy woman. Specializing in sizes 10 to 30, our primary focus is on providing fashionable, comfortable, and affordable options that meet the unique needs of our customers. Our extensive collection features high quality merchandise, including tops, bottoms, denim, dresses, intimates, activewear, footwear, and accessories. Our products are exclusive to us and each product is meticulously crafted to cater to the needs of the curvy woman, empowering her to love the way she looks and feels. Our collections are artfully curated to suit all aspects of our customers’ lives, including casual weekends, work, dressy and special occasions. Understanding the importance of affordability, we aim to keep our prices reasonable without compromising on quality. This allows us to build a meaningful connection with our customers, distinguishing us from other brands that often plus- and mid-size consumers. Our brand experience and product offerings establish us as a differentiated and reliable choice for plus- and mid-size customers, which we believe sets us apart in the market. We strive to be everything our customer needs in her closet, consistently delivering products that make her feel and stylish.
• the effect of changes in consumer spending and general macroeconomic conditions on our operations and financial performance;
• the negative impact on our revenue and profitability as a result of the imposition of new or increased duties or tariffs on goods from the countries where we manufacture our merchandise which, among other things, could limit our ability to manufacture products in cost-effective countries and require us to absorb costs or pass costs on customers;
• the interruption of the flow of merchandise from international manufacturers;
• our growth strategy, including our retail store optimization strategy;
• our inability or failure to identify, adapt or respond to new trends and consumer shopping preferences, including the increasing use of GLP-1 medications;
• our inability to maintain and enhance our brand and attract sufficient numbers of customers to our stores or sell sufficient quantities of our products;
• increased competition from other brands or retailers and our ability to obtain favorable store locations;
• our dependency or reliance on third parties for different services, such as customer driving, product sourcing, manufacturing and transportation;
• our failure to develop and maintain a relevant and reliable omni-channel experience for our customers;
• our failure to find employees that reflect our brand image and embody our culture;
• our failure to effectively utilize information systems and implement new technologies or misuse or unauthorized use of these systems and technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies;
• price volatility and lack of availability of raw materials to manufacture our products and impact on transportation and labor costs;
• exposure to risks inherent in doing business globally as a result of sourcing a significant amount of our products from various countries;
• potential liability arising from payment-related risks, litigation or regulatory proceedings;
• changes in laws and regulations, including, among others, privacy, data protection, advertising, consumer protection, environmental and tax regulations;
• government or consumer concerns about product safety that could result in regulatory actions, recalls or changes to laws;
• the adverse impact of rulemaking changes implemented by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau on our income streams, profitability and results of operations;
• our inability to protect our trademarks or other intellectual property rights;
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• our substantial indebtedness and lease obligations;
• our dependency on key members of our executive management team; and
• ongoing or threats of war, terrorism and other catastrophes, including natural disasters, that could negatively impact our business.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business is sensitive to consumer spending and general economic conditions, and an economic slowdown or inflationary pressures could adversely affect our financial performance.
Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including our products, generally decline during recessionary periods and other periods where disposable income is adversely affected. Our performance is subject to factors that affect domestic and worldwide economic conditions, particularly those that affect our target demographic. These factors may include unemployment rates, levels of consumer and student debt, the availability of consumer credit, healthcare costs, reductions in net worth, residential real estate and mortgage markets, taxation, fuel and energy prices, interest rates, inflation, consumer confidence, the value of the United States dollar versus foreign currencies and other macroeconomic factors, such as the economic disruption caused by a global pandemic. Deterioration in economic conditions or increasing unemployment levels may reduce the level of consumer spending and inhibit consumers’ use of credit, which may adversely affect our net sales and profits. In recessionary periods, we may have to increase the number of promotional sales or otherwise dispose of inventory for which we have previously paid to manufacture, which could adversely affect our profitability in those periods. Weakened economic conditions and a slowdown in the economy could also adversely affect shopping center traffic and new shopping center development, which could materially adversely affect us.
In addition, a weakened economic environment or recessionary period may exacerbate some of the risks noted below, including consumer demand, strain on available resources, store growth, decreases in mall traffic, brand reputation, our ability to develop and maintain a reliable omni-channel customer experience, our ability to execute our growth initiatives, interruption of the production and flow of merchandise from key vendors, foreign exchange rate fluctuations and leasing substantial amounts of space. The same risks could be exacerbated individually or collectively.
Recent inflationary pressures have increased the cost of energy and raw materials and may adversely affect our results of operations. If inflation continues to rise and further impact the cost of energy and raw materials, we may not be able to offset cost increases to our products through price adjustments without negatively impacting customer demand, which could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.
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Our business is dependent upon our ability to identify and respond to changes in customer preferences and other related factors. Our inability to identify or respond to these new trends may lead to inventory markdowns and write-offs, which could adversely affect our business and our brand image.
Our target market of approximately 30 to 44-year-old plus- and mid-size women has stylistic preferences that cannot be predicted with certainty and is subject to change. Our success depends in large part upon our ability to effectively identify and respond to changing product trends and consumer demands among this segment, and to translate market trends into appropriate, salable product offerings. In particular, the increasing use of GLP-1 medications may impact demand for our plus-size products as consumer preferences and body shapes evolve, potentially leading to inventory management challenges, markdowns, or lost sales. Our failure to identify and react appropriately to new and changing product trends or tastes, to accurately forecast demand for certain product offerings or an overall decrease in the demand for plus- and mid-size products could lead to, among other things, excess or insufficient amounts of inventory, markdowns and write-offs, which could materially adversely affect our business and our brand image. Because our success depends significantly on our brand image among our target segment, damage to our brand image as a result of our failure to identify and respond to changing product trends could have a material negative impact on our business. Additionally, as a direct-to-consumer brand focusing on plus- and mid-size women, we may not effectively identify product trends that appeal to our target segment or successfully adapt product trends prevailing in the market more broadly to this target segment. While we believe we have a flexible supply chain, we often enter into agreements for the manufacture and purchase of merchandise well ahead of the season in which that merchandise will be sold. Therefore, we are vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences and demand between the time we design and order our merchandise and the season in which this merchandise will be sold. Inventory levels for certain merchandise styles may exceed planned levels, leading to higher markdowns to sell through excess inventory and, therefore, lower than planned margins. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand for our merchandise, or if our manufacturers fail to supply quality products in a timely manner, we may experience inventory shortages, which may negatively impact customer relationships, diminish brand loyalty and result in lost sales.
There can be no assurance that our new product offerings will have the same level of acceptance as our product offerings in the past or that we will be able to adequately and timely respond to the preferences of our customers. The failure of our product offerings to appeal to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business depends in part on a strong brand image, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, particularly among our target segment and in new markets where we have limited brand recognition, we may be unable to attract sufficient numbers of customers to our stores or sell sufficient quantities of our products.
Our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to our brand image. Our reputation could be jeopardized if we fail to maintain high standards for merchandise quality and integrity. Any negative publicity about these types of concerns may reduce demand for our merchandise. Failure to maintain high ethical, social and environmental standards for all of our operations and activities, including those of our third-party manufacturers (if they do not, for instance, adhere to our vendor code of conduct), or adverse publicity regarding our responses to these concerns could also jeopardize our reputation. Damage to our reputation or loss of consumer confidence for any of these reasons could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our reputation.
We could face increased competition from other brands or retailers that could adversely affect our ability to generate higher net sales and margins, as well as our ability to obtain favorable store locations.
We face substantial competition in the plus- and mid-size women’s apparel industry from both specialty and general retailers, including department stores, mass merchants, regional retail chains, web-based stores and other direct retailers that engage in the retail sale of apparel, accessories, footwear and other similar product categories. We compete with these businesses for customers, vendors, digital marketing channels, suitable store locations and personnel. We compete on the basis of a combination of factors, including among others, our knowledge of and focus on our target segment, price, breadth, quality, commercial relevance, fit and style of merchandise offered, in-store experience, level of customer service, ability to identify and offer new and emerging product trends and brand image.
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Many of our competitors have greater financial, marketing and other resources available. In many cases, our competitors sell their products in stores that are located in the same shopping centers as our stores. In addition to competing for sales, we compete for favorable site locations and lease terms in malls, strip centers, lifestyle centers and outlet centers and our competitors may be able to secure more favorable locations than we can as a result of their relationships with, or appeal to, landlords. Our competitors may also sell substantially similar products at reduced prices online or through outlet locations or discount stores, increasing the competitive pricing pressure for those products.
We also compete with other retailers for talent. The competition for retail talent is increasing, and we may not be able to secure the talent we need to operate our stores without increasing wages. We cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to compete successfullyagainst existing or future competitors. Our expansion into markets served by our competitors and entry of new competitors or expansion of existing competitors into our markets could have a material adverse effect on us.
We rely on third parties to drive traffic to our website, and these providers may change their algorithms or pricing in ways that could negatively impact our business, operations, financial condition and prospects.
We rely in part on digital advertising, including search engine marketing, to promote awareness of our online marketplace, grow our business, attract new customers and increase engagement with existing customers. In particular, we rely on search engines, such as Google, and the major mobile app stores as important marketing channels. Search engine companies change their search algorithms periodically, and our ranking in searches may be adversely impacted by those changes. Search engine companies or app stores may also determine that we are not in compliance with their guidelines and penalize us as a result. If search engines change their algorithms, terms of service, display or the featuring of search results, determine we are out of compliance with their terms of service or if competition increases for advertisements, we may be unable to cost-effectively attract customers. Our relationships with our marketing vendors are not long-term in nature and do not require any specific performance commitments. In addition, many of our online advertising vendors provide advertising services to other companies, including companies with whom we may compete. As competition for online advertising has increased, the cost for some of these services has also increased. Our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive and generating a return on those initiatives may be difficult. Even if we successfully increase revenue as a result of our paid marketing efforts, such increase may not offset the additional marketing expenses we incur.
Our ability to attract customers to our physical stores that are located in shopping centers depends on the success of these shopping centers, and any decrease in customer traffic in these shopping centers could cause our net sales and profitability to be less than expected.
Our stores are primarily located in shopping centers, and some of these shopping centers have been experiencing declines in customer traffic, including as a result of an increasing number of customers that have begun to shop online. While we believe we are a destination for our customers, our sales at these stores are impacted by the volume of customer traffic in those shopping centers and the surrounding area. In centers that may experience declining customer traffic, certain of our expenses are contractually fixed and our ability to reduce these expenses if we were to experience sales declines is limited in the near term. To mitigate this potential risk, we have negotiated termination provisions in a majority of our store leases that allow us to terminate the lease if store sales fall below certain thresholds or if certain co-tenancy requirements are not met. However, these provisions may not be adequate to protect our results of operations if our sales were to decline.
Our stores in shopping centers benefit from the ability of other tenants, particularly anchor stores, such as department stores, to generate consumer traffic in the vicinity of our stores and maintain the overall popularity of the shopping center as a shopping destination. Our net sales volume and traffic generally may be adversely affected by, among other things, a decrease in popularity of the shopping centers in which our stores are located, the closing of anchor stores important to our business, a decline in the popularity of other stores in the shopping centers in which our stores are located, changing economic conditions and/or demographic patterns (including any increases in purchases of merchandise online as opposed to in-store), or a deterioration in the financial condition of shopping center operators or developers which could, for example, limit their ability to finance tenant improvements for us and other retailers. A reduction in customer traffic as a result of these or any other factors, or our inability to obtain or maintain favorable store locations within shopping centers could have a material adverse effect on us.
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If we are unable to successfully adapt to consumer shopping preferences and develop and maintain a relevant and reliable omni-channel experience for our customers, our financial performance and brand image could be adversely affected.
We are continuing to grow our omni-channel business model, and as we optimize our retail store footprint and enhance our e-Commerce presence, we must further anticipate and implement innovations in customer experience and logistics to appeal to customers who increasingly rely on multiple channels to meet their shopping needs. Our customers are increasingly using computers, tablets and smartphones to make purchases online and to help them in making purchasing decisions when in our stores. Our customers also engage with us online through our social media channels, including Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, TikTok, YouTube and Twitter, by providing feedback and public commentary about all aspects of our business. Omni-channel retailing is rapidly evolving, and our success depends on our ability to anticipate and implement innovations in customer experience and logistics in order to appeal to customers who increasingly rely on multiple channels to meet their shopping needs. If for any reason we are unable to implement our omni-channel initiatives or provide a convenient and consistent experience for our customers across all channels that provides the products they want, when and where they want them, then our financial performance and brand image could be adversely affected.
Our growth strategy, including our retail store optimization strategy, is dependent on a number of factors, any of which could strain our resources or delay or prevent the successful penetration into new markets.
As we close stores and enhance our e-Commerce presence, we face risks related to achieving expected cost savings, mitigating revenue impacts from reduced store presence, and successfully shifting customer engagement to digital channels. Additional factors required for the successful implementation of our growth strategy include, but are not limited to, continuing to operate an effective e-Commerce platform, implementing initiatives to improve our existing operations and reduced store fleet, and to the extent we open new stores, obtaining desirable store locations, negotiating acceptable leases, completing projects on budget, supplying proper levels of merchandise and successfully hiring and training store managers and sales associates. In order to optimize profitability for our remaining store fleet, we must choose store sites, execute favorable real estate transactions on terms that are acceptable to us, hire competent personnel and effectively operate these stores. We historically have received landlord allowances for store build outs, which offset certain capital expenditures we must make to open a new store. If landlord allowances cease to be available to us in the future or are decreased, opening new stores or maintaining existing stores would require increased capital outlays, which could adversely affect our ability to continue investing in our business.
While we believe the opportunity exists to optimize our remaining store footprint without competing with our existing units, to the extent we open new stores in markets where we have existing stores, our existing stores in those markets may experience reduced net sales. Any planned growth will also require additional infrastructure for the development, maintenance and monitoring of the selected growth strategy. If we fail to continue to improve our infrastructure, we may be unable to implement our growth strategy, including our retail store optimization strategy, or maintain current levels of operating performance in our existing stores.
Our growth plans will place increased demands on our financial, operational, managerial and administrative resources. These increased demands may cause us to operate our business less efficiently, which in turn could cause deterioration in the performance of our e-Commerce operations or existing stores.
Executing our growth plans and achieving our objectives are dependent upon our ability to successfully execute against such plans and objectives. There can be no guarantee that these plans or objectives will result in improved operating results or an increase in the value of the business.
We have, and will continue to have, significant lease obligations. We are subject to risks associated with leasing substantial amounts of space, including future increases in occupancy costs and the need to generate cash flow to meet our lease obligations.
We have, and will continue to have, significant lease obligations. We lease all of our store locations, our corporate headquarters and our distribution center. We typically occupy our stores under operating leases with initial terms of up to ten years. In the future, we may not be able to negotiate favorable lease terms. Our inability to do so may cause our occupancy costs to be higher in future years or may force us to close stores in desirable locations.
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A majority of our leases have early termination clauses, which permit the lease to be terminated by us if certain sales levels are not met in specific periods or if the center does not meet specified occupancy standards. In addition to future minimum lease payments, some of our store leases provide for additional rental payments based on a percentage of net sales, or “percentage rent,” if sales at the respective stores exceed specified levels, as well as the payment of common area maintenance charges, real property insurance and real estate taxes. Many of our lease agreements have defined escalating rent provisions over the initial term and any extensions. As we expand our footprint, our lease expense and our cash outlays for rent under the lease terms will increase.
We depend on cash flow from operations to pay our lease expenses. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operating activities to fund these expenses, we may not be able to service our lease expenses, which could materially harm our business. Furthermore, the significant cash flow required to satisfy our obligations under the leases increases our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions, and could limit our ability to fund working capital, incur indebtedness and make capital expenditures or other investments in our business.
If an existing or future store is not generating positive contribution, and we decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term. Moreover, even if a lease has an early cancellation clause, we may not satisfy the contractual requirements for early cancellation under that lease. Our inability to enter into new leases or renew existing leases on terms acceptable to us or be released from our obligations under leases for stores that we close could materially adversely affect us.
Our failure to attract and retain employees that reflect our brand image, embody our culture and possess the appropriate skill set could adversely affect our business and our results of operations.
Our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of employees who understand and appreciate our corporate culture and customers and are able to adequately and effectively represent this culture and establish credibility with our customers. The employee turnover rate in the retail industry is generally high. Excessive employee turnover will result in higher employee costs associated with finding, hiring and training new employees. If we are unable to hire and retain personnel capable of consistently providing a high level of customer service, as demonstrated by their enthusiasm for our culture, understanding of our customers and knowledge of the merchandise we offer, our ability to open new stores may be impaired, the performance of our existing and new stores could be materially adversely affected, our brand image may be negatively impacted and our results of operations may be adversely affected. Competition for such qualified individuals could require us to pay higher wages to attract a sufficient number of employees. Changes to our office environments, the adoption of new work models and our requirements and/or expectations about when or how often certain employees work on-site or remotely may not meet the expectations of our employees. As businesses increasingly operate remotely, traditional geographic competition for talent may change in ways that we cannot presently predict. If our employment proposition is not perceived as favorable compared to other companies, it could negatively impact our ability to attract and retain our employees.
Additionally, our labor costs are subject to many external factors, including unemployment levels, prevailing wage rates, minimum wage laws, potential collective bargaining arrangements, health insurance costs and other insurance costs and changes in employment and labor legislation or other workplace regulation (including changes in entitlement programs such as health insurance and paid leave programs). Such increase in labor costs may adversely impact our profitability, or if we fail to pay such higher wages we could suffer increased employee turnover.
While we have not historically experienced significant sales seasonality, we may require temporary personnel to adequately staff our stores, with heightened dependence during busy periods such as the holiday season and when multiple new stores are opening. There can be no assurance that we will receive adequate assistance from our temporary personnel, or that there will be sufficient sources of suitable temporary personnel to meet our demand. Any such failure to meet our staffing needs or any material increases in employee turnover rates could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.
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We depend on key members of our executive management team and may not be able to retain or replace these individuals or recruit additional personnel, which could harm our business.
We depend on the leadership and experience of key members of our executive management team. The loss of the services of any of our executive management could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects, as we may not be able to find suitable individuals to replace such personnel on a timely basis or without incurring increased costs, or at all. In addition, we believe that our future success will depend greatly on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel. There is a high level of competition for experienced, successful personnel in the retail industry. Our inability to meet our staffing requirements in the future could impair our growth and harm our business.
We rely on third parties to provide us with certain key services for our business. If any of these third parties fails to perform their obligations to us or declines to provide services to us in the future, we may suffer a disruption to our business. Furthermore, we may be unable to provide these services or implement substitute arrangements on a timely basis on terms favorable to us.
We receive certain key services from a range of different third parties, including merchandise vendors, landlords, suppliers and logistics partners. For example, we rely on third parties to provide certain inbound and outbound transportation and delivery services, customs and brokerage services and real estate management services. In connection with our sourcing activities, we rely on vendors to help us source products. If any of these third parties fails to perform its obligations to us or declines to provide services to us in the future, we may suffer a disruption to our business or increased costs. Furthermore, we may be unable to provide these services or implement substitute arrangements on a timely and cost-effective basis on terms favorable to us.
Failure to effectively utilize information systems, implement new technologies, and manage AI-related risks could disrupt our business or reduce our sales or profitability.
We rely extensively on various information systems, including data centers, hardware and software and applications to manage many aspects of our business, including to process and record transactions in our stores, to enableeffective communication systems, to track inventory flow, to manage logistics and to generate performance and financial reports. These various systems are substantially operated by our services provider, and we rely on them for efficient and consistent operations of these systems. We are dependent on the integrity, security and consistent operations of these systems and related back-up systems. Our computer systems and the third-party systems we rely on are also subject to damage or interruption from a number of causes, including power outages; computer and telecommunications failures; computer viruses, malware, phishing or distributed denial-of-service attacks; security breaches; cyber-attacks; catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes; acts of war or terrorism and design or usage errors by our associates or contractors. The increasing use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning technologies also introduces new risks, such as AI-driven system failures, data biases, potential vulnerabilities to AI-specific threats, AI model drift, explainability issues, and potential liability for AI-related errors or biases. Compromises, interruptions or shutdowns of our systems, including those managed by third parties, whether intentional or inadvertent, could lead to delays in our business operations and, if significant or extreme, affect our results of operations.
From time to time, our systems require modifications and updates, including by adding new hardware, software and applications; maintaining, updating or replacing legacy programs; integrating new service providers; and adding enhanced or new functionality. Although we are actively selecting systems and vendors and implementing procedures to enable us to maintain the integrity of our systems when we modify them, there are inherent risks associated with modifying or replacing systems and with new or changed relationships, including accurately capturing and maintaining data, realizing the expected benefit of the change and managing the potential disruption of the operation of the systems as the changes are implemented. Potential issues associated with implementation of these technology initiatives could reduce the efficiency of our operations in the short term. In addition, any interruption in the operation of our website, particularly our e-Commerce site, could cause us to suffer reputational harm or to lose sales if customers are unable to access our site or purchase merchandise from us during such interruption. The efficient operation and successful growth of our business depends upon our information systems. The failure of our information systems and the third-party systems we rely on to perform as designed, or our failure to implement and operate them effectively, could disrupt our business or subject us to liability and thereby harm our profitability.
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Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information, whether through a breach of our computer system or otherwise, could severelyhurt our business.
Some aspects of our business, like that of most direct-to-consumer businesses, involve the receipt, storage and transmission of customers’ personal information, consumer preferences and payment card information, including in relation to our private label credit card, as well as confidential information about our associates, our suppliers and our Company, some of which is entrusted to third-party service providers and vendors. We increasingly rely on commercially available systems, software, tools (including encryption technology) and monitoring to provide security and oversight for processing, transmission, storage and the protection of confidential information. Despite the security measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of third parties with which we do business, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism and theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. Additionally, as a result of state-sponsored cyber threats including those stemming from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we may face increased cybersecurity risks as companies in the United States and its allied countries have become targets of malicious cyber activity.
Electronic security attacks designed to gain access to sensitive information by breaching mission critical systems of large organizations are constantly evolving, and high-profile electronic security breachesleading to unauthorized release of confidential information have occurred recently at a number of major U.S. companies. Attempts by computer hackers or other unauthorized third parties to penetrate or otherwise gain access to our computer systems or the systems of third parties with which we do business through fraud or other means of deceit, if successful, may result in the misappropriation of personal information, payment card or check information or confidential business information. Such incidents have been attempted and have occurred in the past and may occur in the future. No incidents to date have had a material impact on the Company. Hardware, software or applications we utilize may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. In addition, our associates, contractors or third parties with which we do business or to which we outsource business operations may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to misappropriate such information and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach involving such information. Despiteadvances in security hardware, software and encryption technologies, the methods and tools used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly changing and evolving, and may be difficult to anticipate or detect for long periods of time. We are implementing and updating our processes and procedures to protect againstunauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. However, the ever- evolving threats mean we and our third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt our respective systems, procedures, controls and processes, and there is no guarantee that they will be adequate to safeguard against all data security breaches or misuses of data.
An electronic security breach in our systems (or in the systems of third parties with which we do business) that results in the unauthorized release of individually identifiable customer or other sensitive data could nonetheless occur and have a material adverse effect on our reputation and lead to financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, including possible punitivedamages. In addition, as the regulatory environment relating to retailers and other companies' obligation to protect such sensitive data becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could result in additional costs, and a material failure on our part to comply could subject us to fines or other regulatory sanctions and potentially to lawsuits. Further, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to address any data security incident or breach, which may not be covered or fully covered by our insurance, and which may involve payments for investigations, forensic analyses, legal advice, public relations advice, system repair or replacement or other services.
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Use of social media, emails and text messages may adversely impact our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.
We use social media, emails, push notifications and text messages as part of our omni-channel approach to marketing. As laws and regulations evolve to govern the use of these channels, the failure by us, our employees or third parties acting at our direction to comply with applicable laws and regulations in the use of these channels could adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties. In addition, our employees or third parties acting at our direction may knowingly or inadvertently make use of social media in ways that could lead to the loss or infringement of intellectual property, as well as the public disclosure of proprietary, confidential or sensitive personal information of our business, employees, consumers or others. Information concerning us or our brands, whether accurate or not, may be posted on social media platforms at any time, including by social media influencers, and may have an adverse impact on our brand, reputation or business. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
We may recognize impairments on definite-lived assets.
Our definite-lived assets, primarily stores and intangible assets, are subject to periodic testing for impairment. Store assets are reviewed using factors including, but not limited to, our future operating plans and projected future cash flows. Failure to achieve our future operating plans or generate sufficient levels of cash flow at our stores could result in impairment charges on definite-lived assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to the Manufacturing, Processing and Supply of Our Products
We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities and therefore depend upon third parties for the manufacture of all of our merchandise. The inability of a manufacturer to ship goods on time and to our specifications, or to operate in compliance with our guidelines or any other applicable laws, could negatively impact our business.
We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. As a result, we are dependent upon our timely receipt of quality merchandise from third-party manufacturers. If our manufacturers do not ship orders to us in a timely manner or meet our quality standards, it could cause delays in responding to consumer demands or inventory shortages and negatively affect consumer confidence in the quality and value of our brand or negatively impact our competitive position. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Furthermore, we are susceptible to increases in sourcing costs, which we may not be able to pass on to customers, and changes in payment terms from manufacturers, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We maintain compliance guidelines for our vendors that dictate various standards, including product quality, manufacturing practices, labor compliance and legal compliance. If any of our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable laws or these guidelines, or engage in any socially unacceptable business practices, such as poor working conditions, child labor, disregard for environmental standards or otherwise, our brand reputation could be negatively impacted and our results of operations could in turn be materially adversely affected.
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The raw materials used to manufacture our products and our transportation and labor costs are subject to availability constraints and price volatility, including as a result of climate change-related governmental actions, which could result in increased costs.
The raw materials used to manufacture our merchandise are subject to availability constraints and price volatility caused by high demand for cotton, high demand for petroleum-based synthetic and other fabrics, weather conditions, supply conditions, government regulations, economic climate and other unpredictable factors. In addition, our transportation and labor costs are subject to price volatility caused by many of these same factors. Increases in the demand for, or the price of, raw materials used to manufacture our merchandise or increases in transportation or labor costs could each have a material adverse effect on our cost of sales or our ability to meet our customers' needs. We may not be able to pass all or a material portion of such increased costs on to our customers, which could negatively impact our profitability. Higher gasoline prices may also affect the willingness of consumers to drive to our stores or the shopping centers where they are located, and thereby adversely affect customer traffic. Continued rises in energy or other commodity costs could adversely affect consumer spending and demand for our products and increase our operating costs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are also subject to risks associated with new governmental mandates, standards or regulations intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or projected climate change impacts, which have resulted in, and are likely to continue resulting in, increased costs for us and our suppliers. Governmental requirements directed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions could cause us to incur expenses that we cannot recover or that will require us to increase the price of products we sell to the point that it impacts demand for those products.
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The interruption of the flow of merchandise from international manufacturers could disrupt our supply chain, including as a result of the imposition of additional duties, tariffs, and other charges on imports and exports.
We purchase the majority of our merchandise outside of the United States, and trade matters, including the impact of current or potential tariffs by the United States, may disrupt our supply chain and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The United States has enacted significant changes to its trade policy and imposed or proposed substantial tariffs on imported goods from a number of countries, which have increased our cost of goods sold and impacted our gross margins. Following recent trade announcements and negotiations, unless otherwise exempted or subject to a different rate, all imports into the United States are currently subject to a tariff of at least 10 percent, and many of our sourcing countries are currently subject to significantly higher country-specific reciprocal tariffs. The degree of our exposure is dependent on (among other things) the type of goods, rates imposed and timing of the tariffs.
Changes in trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs or duties, could also lead to retaliatory actions by other countries, which could further increase our costs and disrupt our supply chain. Through enterprise risk management, we continue to evaluate the impact of current and potential tariffs on our supply chain, costs, sales, and profitability, as well as our strategies to mitigate negative impacts. We cannot predict whether the countries in which our merchandise is manufactured, or may be manufactured in the future, will be subject to new or additional trade restrictions imposed by the United States or other foreign governments, including the likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. In addition, we can provide no assurance that any strategies we implement to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade restrictions will be successful in whole or in part. To the extent that our supply chain, costs, sales, or profitability are negatively impacted by these tariffs or other trade restrictions, or if there is an escalation of tariffs or other trade restrictions, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling striking down certain tariffs previously imposed under the IEEPA. The ultimate availability, timing, and amount of any potential refunds of such tariffs remain highly uncertain and are subject to further legal, regulatory, and administrative developments. Following the Supreme Court’s decision, the U.S. presidential administration announced its intention to invoke other laws to collect tariffs and announced new tariffs on imports from all countries, in addition to any existing non-IEEPA tariffs. There remains substantial uncertainty regarding the duration of existing and newly announced tariffs, potential changes or pauses to such tariffs, tariff levels, and whether further additional tariffs or other retaliatory actions may be imposed, modified, or suspended, and the impacts of such actions on our business. We will continue to monitor and evaluate these developments and assess their potential impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, but we can provide no assurance that we will be able to offset any increased costs or other adverse impacts through pricing actions, sourcing changes, or other measures.
Other events that could also cause disruptions to our supply chain include:
• quotas imposed by bilateral textile agreements;
• Significant fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies;
• natural disasters;
• public health issues and epidemic diseases, their effects (including any disruptions they may cause) or the perception of their effects;
• theft;
• terrorist threats such as pirate attacks at sea and other rogue activity;
• restrictions on the transfer of funds;
• the financial instability or bankruptcy of manufacturers; and
• U.S. or foreign labor strikes, work stoppages, boycotts, or port congestion.
Trade restrictions and other events that could cause disruptions to our supply chain may increase the cost or reduce or delay the supply of apparel available to us and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Sourcing our product receipts from various countries exposes us to risks inherent in doing business globally.
We source a significant amount of our product receipts from various countries, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business in such countries. Although we are actively diversifying our product sourcing options, including from China, where we received approximately 19% of our products in fiscal year 2025 and approximately 11% as of March 2026, we may continue to source a meaningful portion of our product receipts from these foreign countries for the foreseeable future, and changes in labor costs, laws, and regulations in these countries could increase our costs and disrupt our supply chain. Our manufacturing partners outside of these countries may source their own raw materials from third parties in other countries.
Sourcing our product receipts from these countries exposes us to political, legal and economic risks. In particular, the political, legal and economic climate in these countries, both nationally and regionally, is fluid and unpredictable. Our ability to source product receipts may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and foreign laws and regulations such as those related to, among other things, taxation, import and export tariffs, environmental regulations, land use rights, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, employee benefits, hygiene supervision and other matters. In addition, we may not obtain or retain the requisite legal permits to continue to source our product receipts, and costs or operational limitations may be imposed in connection with obtaining and complying with such permits. Furthermore, the third parties we rely on in other countries may disclose our confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties, which could result in the illegal distribution and sale of counterfeit versions of our products or other misappropriation of our proprietary rights. Disruptions to our supply chain could impact our ability to source products in a timely manner. Such disruptions could result from temporary closures of third-party supplier and manufacturer facilities, restrictions on the export or shipment of our products or significant cutback of ocean container delivery. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
If our distribution facility were to encounter difficulties or if it were to shut down for any reason, we could face shortages of inventory in our stores, delayed shipments to our e-Commerce customers and harm to our reputation. Any of these issues, as well as loss of the use of our corporate offices due to natural disasters, public health issues or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our business operations.
We operate and are continuing to invest in our own distribution facility in West Jefferson, Ohio. The success of our stores depends on their timely receipt of merchandise. The efficient flow of our merchandise requires that our distribution facility be operated effectively and have adequate capacity to support our current level of operations and any anticipated increased levels that may follow from the growth of our business.
If we encounter difficulties associated with our distribution facility or our facility were to shut down for any reason, including as a result of fire or other natural disaster, public health issues or work stoppage, we could face shortages of inventory, resulting in “out of stock” conditions in our stores, incur significantly higher costs and longer lead times associated with distributing our products to both our stores and e-Commerce customers and experience dissatisfaction from our customers. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business and harm our reputation.
In addition to our distribution facility, our corporate office is also vulnerable to damage from natural disasters, fire, public health issues and other unexpected events which could cause us to experience significant disruption in our business, resulting in lost sales and productivity, and causing us to incur significant costs to repair, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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We rely upon independent third-party transportation providers for substantially all our product shipments and are subject to increased shipping costs as well as the potential inability of our third-party transportation providers to deliver on a timely basis.
We currently rely upon independent third-party transportation providers for substantially all our product shipments, including shipments to our distribution center, to and from all of our stores and to our customers. Our utilization of these delivery services for shipments is subject to risks, including increases in fuel prices, which would increase our shipping costs, and employee strikes and inclement weather which may impact a shipping company's ability to provide delivery services that adequately meet our shipping needs. If we change the shipping companies we use, we could face logistical difficulties that could adversely affect deliveries, and we would incur costs and expend resources in connection with such change. Moreover, we may not be able to obtain terms as favorable as those received from our current independent third-party transportation providers which, in turn, would increase our costs.
Risks Related to Government Regulation and Litigation
Failure to comply with foreign and domestic laws and regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, advertising and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws, regulations or industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, advertising and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on a variety of marketing and advertising techniques, including email communications, affiliate partnerships, social media interactions, influencer partnerships, digital marketing, direct mailers and public relations initiatives, and we are subject to various laws, regulations and industry standards that govern such marketing and advertising practices. Increasingly complex and rigorous, and sometimes conflicting laws, regulatory standards, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contracts and other obligations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing and security of consumer data, particularly in the context of digital marketing, which we rely upon to attract new customers.
Laws, regulations and industry standards (including, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or “PCI-DSS”) relating to privacy, data protection, marketing and advertising and consumer protection continue to evolve as new, increasingly restrictive legislation and regulations are coming into force and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not have complied or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, standards, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any federal or state privacy or consumer protection-related laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject, contracts by which we are bound, or other obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities, customers, suppliers or others or other liabilities or may require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets. Any such claims, proceedings or actions may also hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings or actions, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers, suppliers or vendors and result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business. Further, we may publish privacy policies, marketing materials, and other statements, such as compliance with certain certifications or self-regulatory principles, regarding data privacy and security. If these policies, materials or statements are found to be deficient, lacking in transparency, deceptive, unfair or misrepresentative of our practices, then we may be subject to investigation, enforcement actions by regulators or other adverse consequences. For example, our compliance with our privacy policies and our general consumer data privacy and security practices may be subject to review by the FTC, which may bring enforcement actions to challengeallegedlyunfair and deceptive trade practices, including the violation of privacy policies and representations or material omissions therein.
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Federal and state governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of third-party “cookie” and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes. The U.S. government has enacted, has considered or is considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies and individuals to engage in these activities, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, which could if widely adopted result in the use of third-party cookies and other methods of online tracking becoming significantly less effective. The regulation of the use of these cookies and other current online tracking and advertising practices or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such technologies could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to acquire new customers on cost-effective terms and, consequently, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, various federal and state legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and advertising. For example, on January 1, 2023, the CPRA amendments to the CCPA came into force. Among other operational requirements for covered companies, the CCPA mandates that covered companies provide new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers data privacy rights that include, among other things, the right to request a copy from a covered company of the personal information collected about them, the right to request correction or deletion of such personal information, and the right to request to opt-out of certain sales, or disclosures for the purposes of cross-context behavioral advertising, of such personal information. The California Attorney General and a standalone California data privacy agency can enforce the CCPA, including seeking an injunction and civil penalties for violations. The CCPA also provides a private right of action for certain data breaches that is expected to increase data breachlitigation. We continue to monitor and update our privacy policy and procedures as additional states implement new data privacy and security laws. This legislation may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. Additionally, the FTC and many state attorneys general are interpreting existing federal and state consumer protection laws to impose expanded standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data.
Foreign privacy laws are also undergoing a period of rapid change, have become more stringent in recent years and may increase the costs and complexity of offering our products and services in new geographies. In Canada, where we operate, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) and various provincial laws require that companies give detailed privacy notices to consumers; obtain consent to use personal information, with limited exceptions; allow individuals to access and correct their personal information; and report certain data breaches. In addition, Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) prohibits email marketing without the recipient’s consent, with limited exceptions. Failure to comply with PIPEDA, CASL or provincial privacy or data protection laws could result in significant fines and penalties or possible damage awards.
In addition, the data protection landscape in the EU, EEA and UK is continually evolving and in some cases, laws or regulations in one country may be inconsistent with, or contrary to, those of another country. Tracking existing data privacy laws and regulations, new data privacy laws and regulations, and changes to the same over time, together with implementing compliance measures may result in possible significant operational costs for internal compliance and risks to our business. Compliance with the GDPR may require adhering to stringent legal and operational obligations and therefore the dedication of substantial time and financial resources by the business, which may increase over time (in particular in relation to any transfers of any personal data of European or UK residents to third parties located in certain jurisdictions). Failure to comply with the GDPR may lead to the business incurring fines and/or facing other enforcement action or reputational damage. For example, failure to comply with the GDPR, depending on the nature and severity of the breach (and with a requirement on regulators to ensure any enforcement action taken is proportionate), could (in the worst case) incur regulatory penalties of up to the greater of (i) €20 million / £17.5 million (as applicable); and (ii) 4% of an entire group’s total annual worldwide turnover, as well as the possibility of other enforcement actions (such as suspension of processing activities and audits), and liabilities from third-party claims.
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Further, we are subject to the PCI-DSS, which is a multifaceted security standard that is designed to protect credit card account data as mandated by payment card industry entities. We rely on vendors to handle PCI-DSS matters and to ensure PCI-DSS compliance. Despite our compliance efforts, we may become subject to claims that we have violated PCI-DSS, based on past, present, and future business practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business and reputation.
Given the rapidly evolving landscape of data privacy and security laws, we cannot yet determine the full impact these privacy, security, and data protection laws and regulations, or other such future privacy, security, and data protection laws and regulations, may have on our current or future business. However, each of these privacy, security, and data protection laws and regulations, and any other such changes or new laws or regulations, could impose significant limitations, require changes to our business, or restrict our use or storage of personal information, which may increase our compliance expenses and make our business more costly or less efficient to conduct. In addition, any such changes could compromise our ability to develop an adequate marketing strategy and pursue our growth strategy effectively, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Finally, any actual or perceived failure to comply with these laws could result in a costlyinvestigation or litigation resulting in potentially significant liability and a material and adverse impact on our reputation and business.
Rulemaking changes and regulatory initiatives implemented by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) may result in adverse effects to our income streams, profitability and results of operations.
Our business, results of operations or competitive position may be adversely affected by new regulations affecting certain of our major commercial partners, including our third-party financing company that solely owns the accounts issued under our private label credit card (“PLCC”) program. In March 2024, the CFPB issued a final rule to amend Regulation Z to mandate significant decreases in credit card late fees and eliminate annual inflation adjustments for late fee safe harbor amounts. In May 2024, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas issued a preliminary injunction prohibiting the order from taking effect and the rule was vacated on April 15, 2025. Although the CFPB remains active, its operations have been significantly impacted by the actions of the current administration, including a directive in 2025 to halt most activities. Future rules issued by the CFPB could result in a reduction of income streams to our third-party financing company that may alter the profitability of our agreements with them. Such changes could also affect our ability or willingness to provide certain products or services, necessitate changes to our business practices or have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are subject to payment-related risks that could increase our operating costs, expose us to fraud or theft, subject us to potential liability and potentially disrupt our business.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including cash, checks, credit and debit cards and gift cards, and we may offer new payment options over time. Acceptance of these payment options subjects us to rules, regulations, contractual obligations and compliance requirements, including payment network rules and operating guidelines, data security standards and certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers. These requirements may change over time or be reinterpreted, making compliance more difficult or costly.
For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs. We rely on third parties to provide payment processing services, including the processing of credit cards, debit cards and other forms of electronic payment. If these companies become unable to provide these services to us, or if their systems are compromised, it could potentially disrupt our business. The payment methods that we offer also subject us to potential fraud and theft by criminals, who are becoming increasingly more sophisticated, seeking to obtain unauthorized access to or exploitweaknesses that may exist in the payment systems. If we fail to comply with applicable rules or requirements for the payment methods we accept, or if payment-related data is compromised due to a breach or misuse of data, we may be liable for costs incurred by payment card issuing banks and other third parties or subject to fines and higher transaction fees, or our ability to accept or facilitate certain types of payments may be impaired. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in certain payment types, which may result in a shift to other payment types or potential changes to our payment systems that may result in higher costs. As a result, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
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There are claims made against us from time to time that can result in litigation or regulatory proceedings which could distract management from our business activities and result in significant liability.
We face the risk of litigation and other claimsagainst us. Litigation and other claims may arise in the ordinary course of our business and include commercial disputes, intellectual property disputes, such as trademark, copyright and patent infringementdisputes, consumer protection and privacy matters, product-related allegations and premises liability claims. In addition, we could face a wide variety of employee related claimsagainst us, including wage and hour, general discrimination, privacy, labor and employment, ERISA and disability claims.
Any claims could result in litigationagainst us and could also result in regulatory proceedings being brought against us by various federal and state agencies that regulate our business, including the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the FTC or the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Often these cases raise complex factual and legal issues, which are subject to risks and uncertainties and could require significant management time. Litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings against us could result in unexpected expenses, legal liability and injunctionsagainst us or restrictions placed upon us, which could disrupt our operations, preclude us from selling products, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial results and our reputation.
In addition, we may be subject to liability if we infringe the trademarks or other intellectual property rights of third parties. If we were to be found liable for any such infringement, we could be required to pay substantial damages and could be subject to injunctionspreventing further infringement. Such infringementclaims could subject us to boycotts by our customers and harm to our brand image. In addition, any payments we are required to make and any injunctions we are required to comply with as a result of such infringement actions could adversely affect our financial results.
Changes in laws, including employment laws and laws related to our merchandise, could make conducting our business more expensive or otherwise change the way we do business.
We are subject to numerous laws and regulations, including labor and employment, product safety, customs, truth-in-advertising, consumer protection, privacy and zoning and occupancy laws and ordinances, intellectual property laws and other laws that regulate retailers generally and/or govern the import and export of goods, advertising and promotions, the sale of merchandise, product content and the operation of stores and warehouse facilities. If these regulations were to change or were violated by our management, employees, vendors, buying agents or trading companies, the costs of certain goods could increase, or we could experience delays in shipments of our goods, be subject to fines or penalties, or suffer reputational harm, which could reduce demand for our merchandise and hurt our business and results of operations.
In addition to increased regulatory compliance requirements, changes in laws could make ordinary conduct of our business more expensive or require us to change the way we do business. For example, changes in federal and state minimum wage laws could raise the wage requirements for certain of our employees, which would likely cause us to reexamine our entire wage structure for stores. Other laws related to employee benefits and treatment of employees, including laws related to limitations on employee hours, work scheduling, supervisory status, leaves of absence, mandated health benefits or overtime pay, could also negatively impact us, such as by increasing compensation and benefits costs for overtime and medical expenses.
Moreover, changes in product safety or other consumer protection laws, environmental laws and other regulations could lead to increased compliance costs to us for certain merchandise, or additional labor costs associated with readying merchandise for sale. It is often difficult for us to plan and prepare for potential changes to applicable laws and future compliance costs related to such changes could be material to us. See “—Failure to comply with federal and state laws and regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, advertising and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws, regulations or industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, advertising and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.”
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Changes in tax laws or regulations or in our operations may impact our effective tax rate and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tax laws or regulations in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate, or adverse outcomes from tax audits that we may be subject to in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate, could result in an unfavorable change in our effective tax rate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Additionally, recent political developments have introduced greater uncertainty with respect to tax and trade policies, tariffs and government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries. Further major developments in tax policy or trade relations, such as the disallowance of tax deductions for imported merchandise could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and liquidity. See also “—We source a significant amount of our product receipts from various countries, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business in such countries.”
On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which introduced significant changes to federal tax law, including modifications to foreign tax credits, global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), foreign-derived intangible income (FDII), and the base erosion and anti-abuse tax (BEAT), among other provisions. While we do not currently anticipate that these changes will have a material impact on our business, we continue to monitor developments and are awaiting further guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. We cannot predict whether additional legislative or regulatory changes will occur or the ultimate impact of such changes on our business. Future changes may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additionally, certain aspects of U.S. tax law may prompt foreign jurisdictions to enact additional, potentially unfavorable, tax legislation. Numerous countries have enacted the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) model rules on a global minimum tax of 15%. Several countries, including European Union member states, have enacted or are expected to enact legislation implementing the global minimum tax. Based on guidance available to date, we do not expect these changes to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. However, we will continue to evaluate the effects of these developments as additional guidance and clarification become available. As these rules are implemented in jurisdictions where we operate, our tax liabilities could increase, which may negatively impact our provision for income taxes. The evolving and increasingly complex global tax environment has in the past, and may continue to, increase tax uncertainty, resulting in higher compliance costs and potential adverse effects on our financial performance.
Government or consumer concerns about product safety could result in regulatory actions, recalls or changes to laws, which could harm our reputation, increase costs or reduce sales.
We are subject to regulation by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and similar state and international regulatory authorities, and our products could be subject to involuntaryrecalls and other actions by these authorities. We purchase merchandise from suppliers domestically as well as outside the United States. One or more of our suppliers might not adhere to product safety requirements or our quality control standards, and we might not identify the deficiency before such merchandise is received by our customers. Issues of product safety could result in a recall of products we sell. Additionally, regulatory authorities, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission, have undertaken reviews of product safety and are in the process of enacting or are considering various proposals for more stringent laws and regulations. In particular, the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 imposes significant requirements on the sale of consumer products and enhancedpenalties for noncompliance. Such regulations contain provisions which have uncertain applicability to products we sell, and such lack of certainty may inhibit our willingness to carry products or cause us to carry product we otherwise would not. These regulations could result in delays in getting products to our stores, lost sales, the rejection of our products by consumers, damage to our reputation or material increases in our costs, and may have a material adverse effect on our business. Moreover, individuals and organizations may assert legal claims for our non-compliance with consumer product rules and regulations, and we may be subject to lawsuits relating to these claims. There is a risk that these claims or liabilities may exceed or fall outside the scope of indemnities provided by third parties or outside the coverages of our insurance policies.
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We may be unable to protect our trademarks or other intellectual property rights, which could harm our business.
We rely on certain trademark registrations and common law trademark rights to protect the distinctiveness of our brand. However, there can be no assurance that the actions we have taken to establish and protect our trademarks will be adequate to prevent imitation of our trademarks by others or to prevent others from claiming that sales of our products infringe, dilute or otherwise violate third-party trademarks or other proprietary rights that could block sales of our products.
The laws of certain foreign countries may not protect the use of unregistered trademarks to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. As a result, international protection of our brand image may be limited and our right to use our trademarks outside the United States could be impaired. Other persons or entities may have rights to trademarks that contain portions of our marks or may have registered similar or competing marks for apparel and/or accessories in foreign countries in which our vendors source our merchandise. There may also be other prior registrations of trademarks identical or similar to our trademarks in other foreign countries of which we are not aware. Accordingly, it may be possible for others to prevent the manufacture of our branded goods in certain foreign countries or the sale or exportation of our branded goods from certain foreign countries to the United States. If we were unable to reach a licensing arrangement with these parties, our vendors may be unable to manufacture our products in those countries. Our inability to register or maintain our trademarks or purchase or license the right to use the relevant trademarks or logos in these jurisdictions could limit our ability to obtain supplies from less costly markets or penetrate new markets in jurisdictions outside the United States.
Litigation may be necessary to protect and enforce our trademarks and other intellectual property rights, or to defendagainstclaims by third parties alleging that we infringe, dilute or otherwise violate third-party trademarks or other intellectual property rights. Any litigation or claims brought by or against us, whether with or without merit, and whether successful or not, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Any intellectual property litigation or claimsagainst us could result in the loss or compromise of our intellectual property rights, could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses on unfavorable terms, if available at all, prevent us from manufacturing or selling certain products, limit our ability to market or sell to our customers using certain methods or technologies and/or require us to redesign or re-label our products or rename our brand, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our indebtedness and lease obligations could adversely affect our financial flexibility and our competitive position.
On June 14, 2021, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) in an initial aggregate amount of $350.0 million, which has a maturity date of June 14, 2028, and used borrowings thereunder to, among other things, repay and terminate an original term loan credit agreement. On May 24, 2023, we entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement”). As of January 31, 2026, we had $272.4 million of outstanding indebtedness under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement, net of unamortized original issue discount (“OID”) and debt financing costs. In May 2015, we entered into a credit agreement for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility which has been subsequently amended (“ABL Facility”), including extending the maturity of the ABL Facility to the earlier of (i) August 1, 2030 or (ii) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity of any material indebtedness (as defined in the ABL Facility). The ABL Facility currently would mature 91 days prior to June 14, 2028, the maturity date of the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement. As of January 31, 2026, we had $31.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under the ABL Facility. For a description of our debt service obligations, including mandatory repayments, under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement and ABL Facility, see “Note 10—Debt.” Our level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay amounts due in respect of our indebtedness. We also have, and will continue to have, significant lease obligations. As of January 31, 2026, the estimated annual future occupancy payments for lease terms that include periods covered by options to extend some of our leases was $175.3 million. Our indebtedness and lease obligations could have other important consequences to you and significant effects on our business. For example, it could:
• increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;
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• require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make payments on our indebtedness and leases, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
• limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
• restrict us from pursuing business opportunities;
• make it more difficult to satisfy our financial obligations, including payments on our indebtedness;
• place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt and fewer lease obligations; and
• limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other general corporate purposes.
In addition, the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement and the ABL Facility contain, and the agreements evidencing or governing any other future indebtedness may contain, restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all of our indebtedness.
Our indebtedness may restrict our current and future operations, which could adversely affect our ability to respond to changes in our business and to manage our operations.
The Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement and the ABL Facility contain, and the agreements evidencing or governing any other future indebtedness, may contain, financial restrictions on us and our restricted subsidiaries, including restrictions on our or our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:
• place liens on our or our restricted subsidiaries’ assets;
• make investments other than permitted investments;
• incur additional indebtedness;
• prepay or redeem certain indebtedness;
• merge, consolidate or dissolve;
• sell assets;
• engage in transactions with affiliates;
• change the nature of our business;
• change our or our subsidiaries’ fiscal year or organizational documents; and
• make restricted payments (including certain equity issuances).
In addition, we are required to maintain compliance with various financial ratios in the ABL Facility.
A failure by us or our subsidiaries to comply with the covenants under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement or the ABL Facility or to maintain the required financial ratios contained in the ABL Facility could result in an event of default under such indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to respond to changes in our business and manage our operations. Additionally, a default by us under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement, the ABL Facility or an agreement governing any other future indebtedness may trigger cross-defaults under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement, the ABL Facility or any other future agreements governing our indebtedness. Upon the occurrence of an event of default or cross-default under any of the present or future agreements governing our indebtedness, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be due and payable and exercise other remedies as set forth in the agreements. If any of our indebtedness were to be accelerated, there can be no assurance that our assets would be sufficient to repay this indebtedness in full, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate as a going concern. See “Note 10—Debt.”
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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We are a “controlled company” and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. In addition, Sycamore’s interests may conflict with our interests and the interests of other stockholders.
As of January 31, 2026, Sycamore Partners Management, L.P. (“Sycamore”) controlled the voting power of a majority of our common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the applicable stock exchange corporate governance standards. Under the rules of the NYSE, a company of which more than 50% of the outstanding voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain stock exchange corporate governance requirements, including:
• the requirement that a majority of our Board of Directors (the “Board”) consists of independent directors;
• the requirement that nominating and corporate governance matters be decided solely by independent directors; and
• the requirement that employee and officer compensation matters be decided solely by independent directors.
So long as Sycamore controls a majority of the voting power of our common stock, we intend to utilize these exemptions. As a result, we may not have a majority of independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation functions may not be decided solely by independent directors. Accordingly, our stockholders will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the stock exchange corporate governance requirements.
The interests of Sycamore and its affiliates, which include Hot Topic Inc. (“Hot Topic”), could conflict with or differ from our interests or the interests of our other stockholders. For example, the concentration of ownership held by Sycamore could delay, defer or prevent a change of control of our Company or impede a merger, takeover or other business combination which may otherwise be favorable for us and our other stockholders. Additionally, Sycamore is in the business of making investments in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete, directly or indirectly, with us. Sycamore may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. So long as Sycamore continues to directly or indirectly own a significant amount of our common stock, even if such amount is less than a majority thereof, Sycamore will continue to be able to substantially influence or effectively control our ability to enter into corporate transactions.
Our stock price has been volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.
The market price for our common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including:
• quarterly variations in our operating results compared to market expectations;
• changes in preferences of our customers;
• announcements of new products, significant price reductions or other strategic actions by us or our competitors;
• public reactions to our press releases, public announcements and/or filings with the SEC;
• speculation in the press or investment community;
• size of our public float;
• stock price performance and valuations of our competitors;
• fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;
• default on our indebtedness;
• actions by competitors or other shopping center tenants;
• changes in senior management or key personnel;
• actions by our stockholders;
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• changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or our failure to meet any such estimates;
• negative earnings or other announcements by us or other retail apparel companies;
• downgrades in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our competitors;
• issuances (or sales by our stockholders) of capital stock;
• general market conditions;
• global economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance; and
• the realization of any of the risks described in this section, or other risks that may materialize in the future.
Numerous factors affect our business and cause variations in our operating results and affect our net sales and comparable store sales, including consumer preferences, buying trends and overall economic trends; our ability to identify and respond effectively to product trends and customer preferences; changes in the population of our target segment; actions by competitors and other shopping center tenants; changes in our merchandise mix; pricing; the timing of our releases of new merchandise and promotional events; the level of customer service that we provide in our stores; changes in sales mix among sales channels; our ability to source and distribute products effectively; inventory shrinkage; weather conditions, particularly during the holiday season; and the number of stores we open, close and convert in any period.
In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many retail companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception in the public markets that these sales may occur, may depress our stock price.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares.
In the future, we may also issue securities if we need to raise capital. The amount of shares of our common stock issued in connection with a capital raise or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of our common stock. Our stockholders may experience immediate dilution upon such future equity issuances or the exercise of stock options to purchase common stock granted to our employees, consultants and directors under our stock option and incentive plans.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law might discourage or delay acquisition attempts for us that you might consider favorable.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the merger or acquisition of our Company more difficult without the approval of our Board. Among other things, these provisions:
• would allow us to authorize the issuance of undesignated preferred stock in connection with a stockholder rights plan or otherwise, the terms of which may be established and the shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval, and which may include super voting, special approval, dividend or other rights or preferences superior to the rights of the holders of common stock;
• prohibit stockholder action by written consent from and after the date on which Sycamore, Sycamore Partners Torrid, L.L.C. and each of their respective affiliates cease to beneficially own at least 50% of the total voting power of all then outstanding shares of our common stock (the “Trigger Event”) unless such action is recommended by all directors then in office;
• provide that our Board is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws and that from and after the Trigger Event our stockholders may only amend our bylaws with the approval of 75% or more of all of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote; and
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• establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our Board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.
Further, as a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, which may impair a takeover attempt that our stockholders may find beneficial. These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions under Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our Company, including actions that our stockholders may deem advantageous, or negatively affect the trading price of our common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for our stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions that they desire.
We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends.
The continued operation and expansion of our business will require substantial funding. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our Board deems relevant. Additionally, our operating subsidiaries are currently restricted from paying cash dividends by the agreements governing their indebtedness, and we expect these restrictions to continue in the future.
If we are unable to design, implement and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), we may not be able to report our financial results in a timely and reliable manner, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
As a public company, we have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls. The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and harm our operating results. In addition, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, which require our management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. Testing and maintaining internal controls may divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to our business. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley.
If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting or material weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements and investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our stock.
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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or the Company’s directors, officers or other employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any (1) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of our Company, (2) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of our Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (3) action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (4) action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. In addition, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. To prevent having to litigateclaims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our certificate of incorporation will provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the choice of forum provision with respect to claims under the federal securities laws, and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company or the Company's directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and Board.
If securities or industry analysts publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
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General Risk Factors
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified Board members.
As a public company, we are subject to certain reporting requirements. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs associated with complying with the requirements of the Exchange Act, Sarbanes-Oxley and any rules promulgated thereunder, as well as the rules of the NYSE. The requirements of these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have also been increasing. We may need to hire additional accounting, finance and other personnel in connection with our continued efforts to comply with these requirements, and our management and other personnel will continue to devote a substantial amount of time toward maintaining compliance with these requirements. The various laws and regulations applicable to public companies also make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board, our Board committees or as our executive officers. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.
Public health crises, war, terrorism and other catastrophic events could negatively impact our customers, places where we do business and our expenses.
The threat of armed conflicts, war, political instability, terrorism, heightened security and military action in response to this threat, any future acts of terrorism, and significant natural disasters, public health issues or other catastrophic events may cause disruptions and create uncertainties that affect our business. To the extent that such disruptions or uncertainties negatively impact commercial transportation and shipping, shopping patterns and/or shopping center traffic, or adversely affect consumer confidence or the economy in general, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. A significant natural disaster, public health crises or other catastrophic event affecting our facilities and financial performance could materially adversely affect our supply chain, our information systems, workforces, customers, consumer sentiment and other aspects of our operations. Such events may also affect the local, regional and global economies, financial markets and businesses in the countries in which we operate. Such disruptions, as well as poor economic conditions generally, may lead to a decline in the sales and operating results of our omni-channel business. A decline in the sales and operating results could in turn materially and adversely affect our ability to pursue our growth strategy, which would reduce our future sales and profit margins.
overlook
confident
We have implemented a retail store optimization strategy to better align our distribution with the demands of our customers who have increasingly demonstrated a preference for our online experience. We believe this strategy will enhance our customer experience, significantly reduce our cost structure, and improve working capital and cash flow generation, allowing us to reinvest more aggressively in customer reactivation and acquisition initiatives to support long-term revenue growth. We closed 151 stores in fiscal year 2025 and intend to target up to 40 additional store closures in fiscal year 2026.
Key Financial and Operating Metrics
We use the following metrics to assess the progress of our business, inform how we allocate our time and capital, and assess the near-term and longer-term performance of our business.
Fiscal Year Ended
January 31, 2026
February 1, 2025
February 3, 2024
Active customers (in thousands, as of end of period) (A)
Net sales per active customer (A)
Comparable sales (B)
Number of stores (as of end of period)
Net (loss) income (in thousands)
Adjusted EBITDA (C) (in thousands)
(A) Active customers and net sales per active customer calculated on a preceding four quarters basis.
(B) The computation of fiscal year 2024 comparable sales compares sales in fiscal year 2024 to sales in the 52-week period ended February 3, 2024. The computation of fiscal year 2023 comparable sales compares sales in fiscal year 2023 to sales in the 53-week period ended February 4, 2023.
(C) Refer to “Results of Operations” for a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA.
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Active Customers. We define an active customer as a distinct, identifiable customer who has completed at least one purchase transaction either in-store or online in the preceding four quarters. We are able to identify the vast majority of our customers primarily through our robust loyalty program, which gives us access to extensive customer and sales data. We have improved our customer tracking capabilities and have maintained the proportion of our net sales attributable to active customers over time. The proportion of net sales, excluding PLCC Funds (as defined below), that we are able to attribute to active customers was 97% for each of fiscal years 2025 , 2024 and 2023. We view the number of active customers as a key indicator of our performance, the reach of our e-Commerce and stores platform, the value proposition and consumer awareness of our brand and our customers’ desire to purchase our products.
Net Sales per Active Customer. We define net sales per active customer for any given period as the net sales in the preceding four quarters, divided by the total number of active customers at the end of that period. We view net sales per active customer as a key indicator of our customers’ purchasing patterns, including their initial and repeat purchase behavior, and we continue to closely monitor this metric each year.
Comparable Sales. We define comparable sales for any given period as the sales of our e-Commerce operations and stores that we have included in our comparable sales base during that period. We include a new store in our comparable sales base after it has been open for 15 full fiscal months. If a store is closed during a fiscal year, it is only included in the computation of comparable sales for the full fiscal months in which it was open. We also determine when certain store remodels and relocations are reintegrated into our comparable sales base. The computation of fiscal year 2024 comparable sales compares sales in fiscal year 2024 to sales in the 52-week period ended February 3, 2024. The computation of fiscal year 2023 comparable sales compares sales in fiscal year 2023 to sales in the 53-week period ended February 4, 2023. Partial fiscal months are excluded from the computation of comparable sales. We apply current year foreign currency exchange rates to both current year and prior year comparable sales to remove the impact of foreign currency fluctuation and achieve a consistent basis for comparison. Comparable sales allow us to evaluate how our unified commerce business is performing exclusive of the effects of non-comparable sales and new store openings.
Number of Stores . Store count reflects all stores open at the end of a reporting period.
Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our operating performance that is neither required by, nor presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and our calculation thereof may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA represents GAAP net income (loss) plus interest expense less interest income, net of other (income) expense, plus provision for less (benefit from) income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), and share-based compensation, noncash deductions and charges and other expenses. We believe Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period by isolating the effects of certain items that vary from period to period without any correlation to ongoing operating performance. We also use Adjusted EBITDA as one of the primary methods for planning and forecasting the overall expected performance of our business and for evaluating on a quarterly and annual basis actual results against such expectations. Further, we recognize Adjusted EBITDA as a commonly used measure in determining business value and, as such, use it internally to report and analyze our results and as a benchmark to determine certain non-equity incentive payments made to executives.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. This measure is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to or substitute for net income, income from operations or any other performance measures determined in accordance with GAAP or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Among other limitations, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect:
• interest expense;
• interest income, net of other (income) expense;
• (benefit from) provision for income taxes;
• depreciation and amortization;
• share-based compensation;
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• noncash deductions and charges; and
• other expenses.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K and in the section titled “Risk Factors.”
Customer Acquisition and Retention. Our success is impacted not only by efficient and profitable customer acquisition, but also by our ability to retain customers and encourage repeat purchases. It is important to maintain reasonable costs for these marketing efforts relative to the net sales and profit we expect to derive from customers. Failure to effectively attract customers on a cost-efficient basis would adversely impact our profitability and operating results. Requirements for consumer disclosures regarding privacy practices and application tracking transparency framework that requires opt-in consent for certain types of tracking has increased the difficulty and cost of acquiring and retaining customers. These changes may adversely affect our results of operations.
Customer Migration from Single to Omni-channel. We have a history of converting customers from single-channel customers to omni-channel customers, defined as active customers who shopped both online and in-store within the last 12 months. Customers that shop across multiple channels purchase from us more frequently and spend approximately 3.5 times more per year than our single-channel customer.
Overall Economic Trends. Our results of operations during any given period are often impacted by the overall economic conditions in the markets in which we operate. Consumer purchases of clothing generally remain constant or may increase during stable economic periods and decline during recessionary periods, inflationary periods and other periods when disposable income is adversely affected. Recent historic high rates of inflation have led to a softening of consumer demand. We have encountered inflation on our wages, transportation and product costs, and a material increase in these costs without any meaningful offsetting price increases may reduce our future profits. Government actions in various countries relating to tariffs, particularly countries in the East and Southeast Asia region, have introduced significant uncertainty to the current U.S. trade environment resulting in increased cost of goods sold and impacted gross margins. Beginning in early 2025, the U.S. government announced a series of broad import tariff increases, including new and expanded duties on goods imported from major sourcing countries that collectively supply a significant portion of our imports. The tariff environment has remained highly fluid, with executive orders, temporary pauses, partial reversals, and ongoing negotiations between the U.S. and its trading partners creating continuing uncertainty. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling striking down certain tariffs previously imposed under the IEEPA and following the Supreme Court’s decision, the U.S. presidential administration announced its intention to invoke other laws to collect tariffs and announced new tariffs on imports from all countries, in addition to any existing non-IEEPA tariffs. The degree of our exposure is dependent on (among other things) the countries in which the merchandise is manufactured, rates imposed, and timing of the tariffs. Higher tariffs may adversely impact our results.
Demographic Changes. The growth of our business is impacted, in part, by the size of the plus- and mid-size population. Slower or negative growth in this demographic, specific to certain geographic markets, income levels, the increasing use of GLP-1 medications or overall, could adversely affect our results of operations.
Growth in Brand Awareness. We intend to continue investing in our brand, with a specific focus on growing brand awareness, customer engagement, and conversion through targeted investments in performance and brand marketing. We have made significant historical investments to strengthen the Torrid brand through our marketing efforts, brand partnerships, events and expansion of our social media presence. If we fail to cost-effectively promote our brand or convert impressions into new customers, our net sales growth and profitability may be adversely affected.
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Inventory Management. Our strategy is built around a base of core products that provide our customer with year-round style. At the same time, we introduce new lines of merchandise approximately 16 times per year, thus providing a consistent flow of fresh merchandise to keep our customer engaged, encourage repeat business and attract new customers. We employ a data-driven approach to design and product development, proactively and quickly incorporating sales and operational performance information alongside customer feedback from thousands of product reviews. We engage in ongoing dialogue with customers through social media and customer surveys. Although we intend to continue to tightly manage our inventory levels, shifts in these levels may result in fluctuations in the amount of regular price sales, markdowns, and merchandise mix, as well as gross margin.
Investments. We have invested significantly to strengthen our business, including augmenting leadership across our organization and enhancing our infrastructure and technology in order to realize growth. We anticipate that a significant portion of our operating expenses will be attributable to our spending on advertising and marketing and hiring additional personnel primarily in marketing, product design and development, merchandising, technology, operations, customer service and general and administrative functions. We are strategically working to rebalance our store footprint, aiming for an optimal split among malls, outdoor centers and online. We will also continue to make investments to improve the customer experience both in-store and online. We believe that such investments will increase the number and loyalty of our customers and, as a result, yield positive financial performance in the long term.
Seasonality. While seasonality frequently impacts businesses in the retail sector, our business is generally not seasonal. Accordingly, our net sales do not fluctuate as significantly as those of other brands and retailers from quarter to quarter and any modest seasonal effect does not significantly change the underlying trends in our business. Additionally, we do not generate an outsized share of our net sales or Adjusted EBITDA during the holiday season. Typically, our Adjusted EBITDA generation is strongest in the first half of the year as we benefit from more favorable product margins, lower advertising and lower shipping expenses relative to the second half of the year. The lack of net sales seasonality provides structural cost advantages relative to peers, including reduced staffing cyclicality and seasonal distribution capacity needs.
Impact of Infectious Disease Outbreaks . Infectious disease outbreaks may cause general business disruption worldwide which could directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. This could have a negative impact on our business including, but not limited to, closure requirements with respect to some or all of our physical locations, changes in consumer behavior, difficulties attracting and retaining employees and supply chain disruptions.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Net Sales. Net sales reflects our revenues from the sale of our merchandise, shipping and handling revenue received from e-Commerce sales, royalties, profit-sharing and marketing and promotional funds from the use of private label credit cards (“PLCC Funds”), and gift card breakage income, less returns, discounts and loyalty points/awards. Revenue from our stores is recognized at the time of sale and revenue from our e-Commerce channel is recognized upon shipment of the merchandise to the customer; except in cases where the merchandise is shipped to a store and revenue is recognized when the customer retrieves the merchandise from the store. Net sales are impacted by the size of our active customer base, product assortment and availability, marketing and promotional activities and the spending habits of our customers. Net sales are also impacted by the migration of single-channel customers (i.e., customers shopping only in-store or online) to omni-channel customers (i.e., customers shopping both in-store and online), who on average spend significantly more than single-channel customers in a given year.
Gross Profit. Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of goods sold. Our cost of goods sold includes merchandise costs, freight, inventory shrinkage, payroll expenses associated with the merchandising department, distribution center expenses and store occupancy expenses, including rent, common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes and depreciation. Merchandising payroll costs and store occupancy costs included within cost of goods sold are largely fixed and do not necessarily increase as volume increases. We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis in order to identify slow-moving merchandise and generally use markdowns to clear that merchandise. The timing and level of markdowns are driven primarily by customer acceptance of our merchandise. The primary drivers of our merchandise costs include the raw materials, labor in the countries where we source our merchandise, customs duties, and logistics costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs not included in cost of goods sold or marketing expenses.
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Marketing Expenses. We continue to make investments in marketing in an effort to grow and retain our active customer base and increase our brand awareness. Marketing expenses consist primarily of (i) targeted online performance marketing costs, such as retargeting, paid search/product listing advertising, and social media advertisements, (ii) store and brand marketing, public relations and photographic production designed to acquire, retain and remain connected to customers and (iii) payroll and benefits expenses associated with our marketing team.
Interest Expense. Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense and other fees associated with our ABL Facility (as defined below) and Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement (as defined below).
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes. Our provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of an estimate of federal and state income taxes based on enacted federal and state tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions and uncertain tax positions.
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Results of Operations
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31 and each fiscal year is generally comprised of four 13-week quarters (although in years with 53 weeks, the fourth quarter is comprised of 14 weeks). Fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were 52-week years and fiscal year 2023 was a 53-week year. Fiscal years are identified according to the calendar year in which they begin. For example, references to “fiscal year 2025” or similar references refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026. A discussion regarding our results of operations for fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024 is presented below. A discussion regarding our results of operations for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023 can be found under Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025.
Fiscal Year 2025 Compared to Fiscal Year 2024
The following table summarizes our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
January 31, 2026
% of Net
Sales
February 1, 2025
% of Net
Sales
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Marketing expenses
Income from operations
Interest expense
Interest income, net of other (income) expense
(Loss) income before income taxes
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
The following table provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
January 31, 2026
February 1, 2025
Net (loss) income
Interest expense
Interest income, net of other (income) expense
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
Depreciation and amortization (A)
Share-based compensation (B)
Noncash deductions and charges (C)
Other expenses (D)
Adjusted EBITDA
(A) Depreciation and amortization excludes amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount that are reflected in interest expense.
(B) Share-based compensation in fiscal years 2025 and 2024 includes $0.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for awards that will be settled in cash as they are accounted for similar to awards settled in shares in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation .
(C) Noncash deductions and charges includes noncash losses on property and equipment disposals and the net impact of noncash rent expense.
(D) Other expenses include severance costs for certain key management positions, certain transaction and litigation fees (including certain settlement costs), and the reimbursement of certain management expenses, primarily for travel, incurred by Sycamore on our behalf, which are not considered to be part of our core business.
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Net Sales
Net sales for fiscal year 2025 decreased $103.6 million, or 9.4%, to $1,000.1 million from $1,103.7 million for fiscal year 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in sales transactions and sales transaction values. The total number of stores we operate decreased by 151 stores, or 23.8%, to 483 stores at the end of fiscal year 2025, from 634 stores at the end of fiscal year 2024, primarily due to the implementation of our retail store optimization strategy.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for fiscal year 2025 decreased $65.5 million, or 15.8%, to $348.0 million, from $413.5 million for fiscal year 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased 2.7% to 34.8% in fiscal year 2025 from 37.5% in fiscal year 2024. The decrease in gross profit was primarily driven by a decrease in net sales. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by a decrease in net sales, increased merchandising payroll costs and store depreciation expense, and the deleverage of store occupancy costs as a result of lower net sales. In addition, new and increased tariffs on goods from the countries where we manufacture our merchandise had a negative impact on our gross profit for fiscal year 2025.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal year 2025 decreased $32.9 million, or 10.9%, to $269.2 million, from $302.0 million for fiscal year 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $14.4 million decrease in store and e-Commerce payroll costs, a $6.3 million decrease in performance bonuses, a $5.6 million decrease in other store operating costs, a $4.1 million decrease in headquarters general and administrative expenses, and a $2.4 million decrease in share-based compensation. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased 0.5% to 26.9% in fiscal year 2025 from 27.4% in fiscal year 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased store and e-Commerce payroll costs, performance bonuses, other store operating costs, and share-based compensation, partially offset by the deleverage of headquarters general and administrative expenses as a result of lower net sales.
Marketing Expenses
Marketing expenses for fiscal year 2025 increased $3.1 million, or 5.8%, to $57.4 million, from $54.2 million for fiscal year 2024. Marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 0.8% to 5.7% in fiscal year 2025 from 4.9% in fiscal year 2024. The increase in both marketing expenses and marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by increased retargeting, photographic production, social media spend, and payroll expenses associated with our marketing team, partially offset by decreased spend on our model search campaign.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $31.8 million for fiscal year 2025, compared to $35.6 million for fiscal year 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the variable interest rate and a lower balance on the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement resulting from principal payments.
Benefit from/Provision for Income Taxes
The benefit from income taxes for fiscal year 2025 was $2.5 million and the provision for income taxes for fiscal year 2024 was $5.3 million. Our effective tax rate was 26.4% for fiscal year 2025 and 24.5% for fiscal year 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate for fiscal year 2025 as compared to fiscal year 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in our uncertain tax benefits and increases in the amount of non-deductible compensation for covered employees and non-deductible share-based compensation for fiscal year 2025.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Sources
Our business relies on cash flows from operations as our primary source of liquidity. We do, however, have access to additional liquidity, if needed, through borrowings under our ABL Facility.
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As of January 31, 2026, we had $20.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $303.4 million of outstanding indebtedness, net of unamortized original issue discount and financing costs, of which $31.0 million consists of borrowings on our ABL Facility, which is accruing interest at an underlying variable rate of 7%, and $272.4 million consists of term loans under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement, which is accruing interest at an underlying variable rate of 9%. As of January 31, 2026, we had access to $64.9 million in additional liquidity from our ABL Facility, net of outstanding letters of credit.
ABL Facility
In May 2015, we entered into a credit agreement for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (as amended and restated in October 2017 and as amended in June 2019, September 2019, June 2021, April 2023, and August 2025) with Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “ABL Facility”). Under the ABL Facility, the aggregate commitments available are $150.0 million (subject to a borrowing base) and we have the right to request additional commitments up to $50.0 million plus the aggregate principal amount of any permanent principal reductions we may take (subject to customary conditions precedent). In August 2025, the maturity date of the principal amount of the outstanding loans was extended from June 14, 2026 to the earlier of (i) August 1, 2030 and (ii) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity of any material indebtedness (as defined in the ABL Facility). The ABL Facility currently would mature 91 days prior to June 14, 2028, the maturity date of the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement.
The ABL Facility requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined by the ABL Facility) of at least 1.00 to 1.00 when a covenant compliance event occurs. A covenant compliance event occurs if we fail to maintain certain specified availability (as defined by the ABL Facility) of at least the greater of 10% of the loan cap, as defined by the ABL Facility, and $7.0 million. If we fail to maintain the fixed charge coverage ratio defined by the ABL Facility, the lenders may declare the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding loans and all interest accrued and unpaid thereon to be immediately due and payable, among other remedies available to the lenders. The ABL Facility contains a number of other covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, will restrict our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock or our other indebtedness; make investments, loans and acquisitions; engage in transactions with our affiliates; sell assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries; alter the business we conduct; consolidate or merge; and incur liens.
As of January 31, 2026, we did not trigger a covenant compliance event and were compliant with our covenants under the ABL Facility.
Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement
In June 2021, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (as amended in May 2023) with Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement”). The Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement provides for term loans in an initial aggregate amount of $350.0 million and has a maturity date of June 14, 2028. The Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement is subject to fixed mandatory quarterly principal amortization payments until the maturity date of approximately $4.4 million.
The Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement also contains a number of covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, will restrict our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: create, incur or assume liens on our assets or property; incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred or disqualified stock; consolidate or merge; sell assets; pay dividends or make distributions, make investments, or engage in transactions with our affiliates.
As of January 31, 2026, we were compliant with our covenants under the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement.
Refer to “Note 10—Debt” in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for more information on the components of our debt.
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Cash Uses
Our primary cash needs are for merchandise inventories, payroll, rent for our stores, headquarters and distribution center, capital expenditures associated with opening new stores and updating existing stores, logistics and information technology. We also need cash to fund our interest and principal payments on the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement and ABL Facility and make discretionary repurchases of our common stock. The most significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, merchandise inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and operating lease liabilities. We believe that cash generated from operations and the availability of borrowings under our ABL Facility or other financing arrangements will be sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings will be available under our ABL Facility or otherwise to enable us to service our indebtedness, or to make capital expenditures in the future. Our future operating performance and our ability to service or extend our indebtedness will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Share Repurchase
On June 23, 2025, we entered into a stock repurchase agreement with Sycamore, whereby we agreed to purchase $20.0 million of shares of our common stock in a private transaction at a price per share equal to $3.32 (which was equal to the price paid by the underwriters, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, in Sycamore’s concurrent sale of shares of our common stock in a public offering). Accordingly, we repurchased 6,030,908 shares of common stock, which are being held as treasury stock.
Material Cash Requirements
The following table summarizes current and long-term material cash requirements as of January 31, 2026 (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period
Total
<1 Year
1-3 Years
3-5 Years
Thereafter
Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement Obligations (1)
Interest Expense on Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement Obligations (1)(2)
Purchase Obligations
Letters of Credit and Other Obligations (3)
Operating Lease Obligations (4)
Total
(1) Amounts assume that the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement is paid upon maturity and does not consider any variable mandatory principal prepayments or optional principal prepayments which we may make in the future. See “Note 10—Debt” contained in the consolidated financial statements and notes, included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional disclosure related to our debt obligations.
(2) Assumes an interest rate of approximately 9% per annum, consistent with the interest rate at January 31, 2026. See “Note 10—Debt” contained in the consolidated financial statements and notes, included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional disclosure related to our debt obligations.
(3) Amounts listed above do not include cash obligations related to relocation expenses in connection with the involuntary separation of certain employees due to the uncertainty regarding the amount of such expenses.
(4) Includes estimated annual future minimum occupancy payments under operating leases including minimum base rents, common area maintenance charges and heating, ventilation and cooling charges, for lease terms that include periods covered by options to extend some of our leases, as we are reasonably certain to exercise those options. Options to terminate our leases have not been included in any lease terms as we are not reasonably certain to exercise those options. See “Note 11—Leases” contained in the consolidated financial statements and notes, included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional disclosure related to operating lease obligations.
In the material cash requirements table above, we have not included: (i) the amounts outstanding on the ABL Facility of $31.0 million, plus accrued interest thereon, due to the uncertainty regarding the timing of future borrowings and repayments, (ii) any income tax audit settlement payments due in less than one year as we do not have any open income tax audits as of January 31, 2026 or any material gross unrecognized tax benefits for which the statutes of limitations are expected to expire in fiscal year 2026, and (iii) cash settlements to the respective tax authorities related to noncurrent unrecognized tax benefits of $0.8 million due to the uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows of such settlements.
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Cash Flow Analysis
A summary of operating, investing and financing activities are shown in the following table (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
January 31, 2026
February 1, 2025
February 3, 2024
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Net Cash Used In/Provided By Operating Activities
Operating activities consist primarily of net income adjusted for noncash items, including depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation, the effect of working capital changes and taxes paid.
Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal year 2025 was $13.0 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $77.4 million for fiscal year 2024. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal year 2025 was primarily as a result of decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and net income, partially offset by a decrease in inventory. The decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities were primarily driven by a decrease in inventory purchases before the current period end compared to the prior period end and a decrease in accrued payroll and related expenses.
Net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal year 2024 was $77.4 million compared to $42.8 million during fiscal year 2023. The increase in cash provided by operating activities during fiscal year 2024 was primarily as a result of an increase in net income of $4.7 million, and increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses, due to higher inventory purchases, performance bonuses and legal fees compared to prior year, and an increase in other current liabilities. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by decreases in income taxes payable, inventory write-downs and deferred compensation.
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
Typical investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures for growth (new store openings, relocations and major remodels), store maintenance (minor store remodels and investments in store fixtures), and infrastructure to support the business related primarily to information technology, our headquarters facility and our West Jefferson, Ohio distribution center.
Net cash used in investing activities was $8.9 million and $14.4 million in fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily a result of a decrease in capital expenditures due to fewer new store openings and remodels, partially offset by an increased investment in store fixtures and equipment during fiscal year 2025, compared to fiscal year 2024.
Net cash used in investing activities was $14.4 million and $26.0 million in fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily as a result of a decrease in capital expenditures related to the opening of new stores and investment in our West Jefferson, Ohio distribution center during fiscal year 2024, compared to fiscal year 2023.
Net Cash Used In Financing Activities
Financing activities consist primarily of (i) borrowings and repayments related to our ABL Facility, (ii) borrowings and repayments related to the Amended Term Loan Credit Agreement and (iii) repurchases and retirement of our common stock.
Net cash used in financing activities was $7.2 million and $24.5 million for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in financing activities is primarily due to an increase in net borrowings related to the ABL Facility, partially offset by the repurchase of our common stock.
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Net cash used in financing activities was $24.5 million and $18.5 million for fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in net cash used in financing activities is primarily as a result of a $6.2 million increase in net payments on the ABL Facility.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion of results of operations and financial condition is based upon the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and certain assumptions about future events that affect the classification and amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, including revenue and expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on our historical results as well as management’s judgment. Although management believes the judgment applied in preparing estimates is reasonable based on circumstances and information known at the time, actual results could vary materially from estimates based on assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
The most significant accounting estimates involve a high degree of judgment or complexity. Management believes the estimates and judgments most critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and to the understanding of our reported financial results include those made in connection with revenue recognition, including accounting for estimated merchandise returns and loyalty program expenses; estimating the value of inventory; determining operating lease liabilities; and estimating share-based compensation expense. Management evaluates its policies and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our significant accounting estimates related to these accounts in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are described below (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional information regarding our significant accounting policies).
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract or an implied arrangement with a customer are satisfied, which is when the merchandise is transferred to the customer and the customer obtains control of it. The amount of revenue we recognize reflects the total consideration we expect to receive for the merchandise, which is the transaction price. For arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis.
At our retail store locations, we satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue at the point in time when a customer takes possession of the merchandise and tenders payment at the point-of-sale register. For e-Commerce sales shipped to a customer from our distribution center, or from a retail store location (ship from store), we satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue upon shipment, which is the point in time the customer obtains control of the merchandise after payment has been tendered. Income we receive from customers for shipping and handling is recognized as a component of revenue upon shipment of merchandise to the customer. We satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue from e-Commerce sales shipped to a retail store location from our distribution center, or fulfilled from merchandise already located at a retail store location (buy-online-pickup-in-store), at the point in time when the customer retrieves the merchandise from within the retail store location or at a retail store curbside.
We are required to estimate certain amounts included in a contract or an implied arrangement with a customer which add variability to the transaction price. Under certain conditions, we are obligated to accept customer returns for most of our merchandise. Sales returns reduce the revenue we expect to receive for merchandise and therefore add variability to the transaction price. Based on historical return pattern experience, we reasonably estimate the amount of merchandise expected to be returned and exclude it from revenue. We record a reserve for merchandise returns at the time revenue is recognized based on prior returns experience and expected future returns in accordance with our return policy and discretionary returns practices. We monitor our returns experience and resulting reserves on an ongoing basis and we believe our estimates are reasonable. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the assumptions used to calculate the allowance for sales returns. However, if actual sales returns are significantly different than the estimated allowance, our results of operations could be materially affected.
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We satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue from gift cards and store merchandise credits at the point in time when the customer presents the gift cards and store merchandise credits for redemption. Gift card breakage is income recognized due to the non-redemption of a portion of gift cards sold by us for which a liability was recorded in prior periods. We recognize estimated gift card breakage over time as a component of net sales in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer as reflected in actual gift card redemption patterns over the period. Based upon historical experience, we estimate the value of outstanding gift cards that will ultimately not be redeemed (breakage) nor escheated under statutory unclaimed property laws. This amount is recognized as revenue over the time pattern established by our historical gift card redemption experience. We monitor our gift card redemption experience and associated accounting on an ongoing basis. Our historical gift card redemption experience has not varied significantly from amounts historically recorded as breakage and we believe our assumptions are reasonable. While customer redemption patterns result in estimated gift card breakage, changes in our customers’ behavior could impact the amount that ultimately is unused and could affect the amount recognized as a component of net sales.
If a customer earns loyalty program points in connection with the sales transactions described above, then we have a remaining performance obligation and cannot recognize all the revenue. A portion of the revenue is allocated to the loyalty program points earned during the transaction. We satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue allocated to these loyalty program points and the resulting awards at the point in time when the awards are redeemed for merchandise, when we determine that they will not be redeemed, or when the awards and points expire. Under our loyalty program, customers accumulate points based on purchase activity and qualifying non-purchase activity. Upon reaching a certain point level, customers can earn awards that may only be redeemed for merchandise. Unredeemed points typically expire after 13 months without additional purchase activity and qualifying non-purchase activity. Unredeemed awards typically expire 45 days after issuance. We use historical redemption rates to estimate the value of future award redemptions and we recognize the estimated value of these future awards as a reduction of revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income in the period the points are earned by the customer.
Inventory
Inventory consists of finished goods merchandise held for sale to our customers. Inventory is valued at the lower of moving average cost or net realizable value.
In the normal course of business, we record inventory reserves based on past and projected sales performance, as well as the inventory on hand. We make certain assumptions regarding net realizable value in order to assess whether our inventory is recorded properly at the lower of cost or net realizable value. These assumptions are based on historical average selling price experience, current selling price information and estimated future selling price information. The carrying value of inventory is reduced to estimated net realizable value when factors indicate that merchandise will not be sold on terms sufficient to recover its cost.
We monitor inventory levels, sales trends and sales forecasts to estimate and record reserves for excess, slow-moving and obsolete inventory. Accordingly, estimates of future sales prices requires management judgment based on historical experience, assessment of current conditions and assumptions about future transactions. In addition, we conduct physical inventory counts to determine and record actual shrinkage. Estimates for shrinkage are recorded between physical store counts, based on actual shrinkage experience. Actual shrinkage can vary from these estimates. We believe our assumptions are reasonable, and we monitor actual results to adjust estimates and inventory balances on an ongoing basis.
Leases
We consider an agreement to be or contain a lease if it conveys us with the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Based on these criteria, we have operating lease agreements for our retail stores, distribution center and headquarter office space; and vehicles and equipment; under primarily non-cancelable leases with terms ranging from approximately one to 16 years.
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Certain of our operating lease agreements contain one or more options to extend the leases at our sole discretion. However, the periods covered by the options to extend the leases of our retail stores, vehicles and equipment are not recognized as part of the associated right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities, as we are not reasonably certain to exercise the options. The periods covered by the options to extend the leases of our distribution center and headquarter office space are recognized as part of the associated ROU assets and lease liabilities, as we are reasonably certain to exercise the options. Some of our operating lease agreements contain options to terminate the lease under certain conditions.
The retail space leases provide for rents based upon the greater of the minimum annual rental amounts or a percentage of annual store net sales volume. Certain leases provide for increasing minimum annual rental amounts. We consider rents based upon a percentage of annual store net sales volume, and other rent-related payments that generally vary because of changes in facts and circumstances (other than due to the passage of time), to be variable lease payments. Variable lease payments associated with retail space leases are recognized as occupancy costs within cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. We generally consider all other lease payments to be fixed in nature and the sum of all the discounted remaining fixed payments in the lease terms make up the lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet (if the lease terms are longer than 12 months).
We discount the fixed lease payments that make up the lease liabilities using an incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), as the rates implicit in our leases are not readily determinable. The IBR is the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The determination of the IBR for each lease term incorporates various inputs and assumptions including our publicly available credit rating, credit spreads of other publicly traded debt issued by companies with a similar credit rating to ours and a risk-free interest rate. All inputs and assumptions and corresponding IBRs are highly subjective.
We choose not to separate non-lease components (such as common area maintenance charges and heating, ventilation and air conditioning charges), from lease components (such as fixed minimum rent payments), and instead account for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component. We do not apply ASU 2016-02, Leases , and all related guidance (“ASC 842”) requirements to leases that have lease terms of 12 months or less upon commencement, and instead recognize short-term lease payments, if applicable, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Share-Based Compensation
On June 22, 2021, in connection with our IPO, our Board adopted the Torrid Holdings Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2021 LTIP”), for employees, consultants and directors. The 2021 LTIP provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) including performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), stock awards, dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards, cash awards and substitute awards intended to align the interests of service providers, with those of our shareholders. The Company measures share-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes share-based compensation cost as expense over the vesting period. As share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for actual forfeitures as they occur.
Stock options are valued utilizing a Black-Scholes options pricing model (“OPM”). The OPM used to value the stock options incorporates various assumptions, including dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term of the stock options. The expected volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of a select peer group of similar publicly traded companies for a term that is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The risk-free interest rates are based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The expected term of the stock options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is calculated using the simplified method which deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options due to insufficient historical data.
The grant date fair value of restricted stock and RSUs is based on the closing price per share of our common stock on the grant date. We recognize compensation expense for time-based awards on a straight-line basis and for performance-based awards on the graded-vesting method over the vesting period of the awards.
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The fair value of PSUs is estimated at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation following a Geometric Brownian Motion which incorporates various assumptions, including dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term of the PSUs. The expected volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of a select peer group of similar publicly traded companies for a term that is consistent with the expected term of the PSUs. The risk-free interest rates are based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate whose term is consistent with the expected term of the PSUs. The expected term of the PSUs represents the time period from the grant date and the full vesting date.
Restricted cash units (“RCUs”) are awarded to certain employees, non-employee directors and consultants and represent the right to receive a cash payment at the end of a vesting period, subject to the employee's continued employment or service as a director or consultant. In general, RCUs vest in equal installments each year over four years. RCUs are cash-settled with the value of each vested RCU equal to the lower of the closing price per share of our common stock on the vesting date or a specified per share price cap. We determined that RCUs are in-substance liabilities accounted for as liability instruments in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation , due to this cash settlement feature. RCUs are remeasured based on the closing price per share of our common stock at the end of each reporting period.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to “Note 3—Accounting Standards” in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.
