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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.14pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.88pp
Lean -
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.61pp
Lean +
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
claims+5
adversely+3
adverse+2
damage+2
difficulties+2
Positive rising
successful+2
able+2
innovation+1
success+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
2,281 words
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows can be affected by a number of factors, including those material factors set forth below, those set forth in our “Forward Looking Statements” disclosure in Item 7 and those set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, any one of which could cause the Company’s actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results and make an investment in the Company speculative or risky.
Strategic, Business and Operational Risks
The Company’s growth strategy is partially dependent on the acquisition and successful integration of other businesses.
A key pillar of the Company’s Vision 2030 strategic plan is building scale with synergistic acquisitions. When companies become available for purchase, the process is often highly competitive, which tends to result in relatively high valuations for the target company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to identify, negotiate and finance suitable acquisitions at values the Company considers reasonable.
Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the failure to realize expected revenue growth and/or operating and cost synergies from integration initiatives, an increased dependency on the markets served, the of management’s attention from its existing operations or increased debt to finance the acquisitions. The realization of revenue growth, cost reductions and synergies and increases in overall are dependent upon integration initiatives. If these integration initiatives are not fully realized, there may be a effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, including goodwill and/or intangible asset , which may be material.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
restructuring+2
against+1
challenging+1
challenges+1
imperative+1
Positive rising
strong+3
excellence+2
efficient+1
superior+1
innovation+1
MD&A (Item 7)
5,132 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Carlisle Companies Incorporated (“Carlisle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a leading supplier of innovative building envelope products and solutions for more energy-efficient buildings. Through our building products businesses, Carlisle Construction Materials ("CCM") and Carlisle Weatherproofing Technologies ("CWT"), and family of leading brands, we deliver innovative, labor-reducing and environmentally responsible products and solutions to customers through the Carlisle Experience. Carlisle is committed to generating superior stockholder returns and maintaining a balanced capital deployment approach, including investments in our businesses, strategic acquisitions, share repurchases and continued dividend increases.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of Company management. All references to “Notes” refer to our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information regarding our consolidated results, segment results, and liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, refer to "Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K").
The loss of, a significant decline in business with, or pricing pressure from, one or more of the Company’s key customers could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company's CCM segment operates in several niche markets in which a large portion of the segment’s revenues are attributable to a few large customers. These markets have experienced recent consolidation among distributors of roofing materials and complementary building products. A significant reduction in purchases by one or more of these customers could have an adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of one or more of the Company’s segments.
Some of the Company’s key customers enjoy significant purchasing power that may be used to exert pricing pressure on the Company. Additionally, as many of the Company’s businesses are part of a long supply chain to the ultimate consumer, the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected if one or more key customers elects to in-source or find alternative suppliers for the production of a product or products that the Company currently provides.
The Company could be adversely affected by any significant damage to, or prolongeddisruption of, our manufacturing facilities.
The Company has made substantial investments in manufacturing facilities, and many products are produced at a limited number of locations. These facilities could be materially damaged or operations at these facilities could be materially disrupted by natural disasters, such as floods, tornados, hurricanes, fires and earthquakes, as well as governmental or administrative actions, regulatory issues, civil unrest, industrial accidents, unavailability or excessively high cost of raw materials, mechanical equipment failure, human error, cybersecurity breaches, widespread health emergencies, theft, sabotage or other reasons. We could incur uninsuredlosses and liabilities arising from such events, including damage to our reputation, or suffer material losses in operational capacity, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The development and introduction of new products, or the failure to do so, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
A key pillar of the Company’s Vision 2030 strategic plan is driving growth through continued investment in new product innovation. Our likelihood of success in investing in new products must be considered in light of the expenses, difficulties and delays frequently encountered in connection with the early phases of new product development, including the difficulties involved in obtaining permits and regulatory approvals, planning and constructing new manufacturing facilities, and establishing, maintaining or expanding customer relationships. While
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we strive to introduce new products, our efforts to develop and market new products may be unsuccessful or unprofitable, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Industry and Macroeconomic Risks
Several of the market segments that the Company serves are cyclical and sensitive to domestic and global economic conditions.
Several of the market segments in which the Company sells its products are, to varying degrees, cyclical and may experience periodic downturns in demand. For example, the CCM and CWT segments are susceptible to downturns in the commercial construction industry, particularly in the construction repair and replacement sectors, and the CWT segment is susceptible to downturns in the residential construction industry.
Uncertainty regarding global economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the businesses, results of operations and financial condition of the Company and its customers, distributors and suppliers. Among the economic factors which may affect performance are: manufacturing activity, commercial and residential construction, difficulties entering new markets and general economic conditions such as inflation, deflation, interest rates, tariffs and credit availability. These effects may, among other things, negatively impact the level of purchases, capital expenditures and creditworthiness of the Company’s customers, distributors and suppliers, and therefore, the Company’s results of operations, margins and orders. The Company cannot predict if, when or how much worldwide economic conditions will fluctuate. These conditions are highly unpredictable and beyond the Company's control. If these conditions deteriorate, however, the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.
The Company has significant concentrations in the construction market.
Most of the Company’s revenues and operating income are generated from the construction market. Construction spending is affected by economic conditions, changes in interest rates, inflationary pressures, demographic and population shifts, new housing starts, impacts on labor availability from U.S. immigration laws, policies and practices and changes in construction spending by federal, state and local governments. A decline in the construction market, particularly in construction repair and replacement activities, could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Additionally, adverse weather conditions such as heavy or sustained rainfall, cold weather and snow can limit construction activity and reduce demand for roofing materials.
The CCM and CWT segments compete through pricing, among other factors. Competition in these segments may increase pricing pressure on the Company, which may negatively affect operating results in future periods.
Raw material costs are a significant component of the Company’s cost structure and are subject to volatility, including cost increases, significant disruptions to the Company's supply chains or significant shortages of materials.
The Company utilizes petroleum-based products, chemicals, resins and other commodities in its manufacturing processes. Raw materials, including inbound freight, accounted for approximately 66% of the Company’s cost of goods sold in 2025. Significant increases in the costs of these materials may not be recovered through selling price increases and significant disruption to the Company's supply chains or significant shortages of materials could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company also relies on global sources of raw materials, which could be adversely impacted by unfavorable shipping or trade arrangements, including import and export tariffs and global economic conditions.
Environmental, Regulatory and Legal Risks
The Company's operations are subject to risks related to environmental laws and regulations.
We are subject to stringent environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges, and chemical and hazardous waste management and disposal. Some of these environmental laws hold owners or operators of land or businesses liable for their own and for previous owners’ or operators’ releases of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes. Other environmental laws and regulations require the obtainment of, and compliance with, environmental permits. To date, costs of complying with environmental, health and safety requirements have not been material, and the Company did not have any significant accruals related to potential future costs of environmental remediation as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, nor are any material asset retirement obligations recorded as of those dates. However, the nature of the Company’s operations
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and its long history of industrial activities at certain of its current or former facilities, as well as those acquired, could potentially result in material environmental liabilities or asset retirement obligations.
Global climate change and related regulations could negatively affect the Company.
Changes in environmental and climate change laws or regulations, including laws relating to GHG emissions, could lead to new or additional investment in the Company’s products or facilities and could increase environmental compliance expenditures. Changes in climate change concerns including GHG emissions, and the regulation of such concerns including climate-related disclosures, could subject the Company to additional costs and restrictions, including increased energy and raw material costs and other compliance requirements which could negatively impact the Company’s reputation, business, capital expenditures, results of operations and financial position.
We have made several public commitments regarding our intended reduction of GHG emissions, including commitments to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 and the establishment of science-based targets to reduce GHG emissions from our operations and the operations of our value chain. Although we intend to meet these commitments, we may be required to expend significant resources to do so, which could increase our operational costs. Further, there can be no assurance of the extent to which any of our commitments will be achieved, or that any future investments we make in furtherance of achieving such targets and goals will meet investor expectations or any binding or non-binding legal standards regarding sustainability performance. Moreover, we may determine that it is in the best interest of the Company and our stockholders to prioritize other business, social, governance or sustainable investments over the achievement of our current commitments based on economic, regulatory and social factors, business strategy or pressure from investors, activist groups or other stakeholders. If we are unable to meet these commitments, then we could incur adverse publicity and reaction from investors, activist groups and other stakeholders, which could adversely impact the perception of our brands and our products and services by current and potential customers, as well as investors, which could in turn adversely impact our results of operations.
Cybersecurity breaches or significant disruptions of our information technology systems, increased compliance costs or violations of data privacy laws could adversely affect our business.
We rely on information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support critical business processes. Security breaches of these systems could result in the unauthorized or inappropriate access to confidential information or personal data entrusted to us by our business partners. While we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, cybersecurity breaches of our information technology systems, none of the breaches to date has had a material impact on the Company. Additionally, these systems may be disrupted as a result of attacks by computer hackers or viruses, human error or wrongdoing, operational failures or other catastrophic events. Cyber threats and the techniques used in cyberattacks change, develop and evolve rapidly, including from emerging technologies, such as advanced forms of artificial intelligence. The Company leverages its internal information technology infrastructures, and those of its business partners, to enable, sustain and protect its global business interests. However, any of the aforementioned breaches or disruptions or the impacts from changing technologies, including artificial intelligence, could result in legal claims, liability or penalties under privacy laws or damage to operations or to the Company's reputation, which could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to data privacy and security laws, regulations and customer-imposed controls as a result of having access to and processing confidential, personal and/or sensitive data in the ordinary course of business. If we are unable to maintain reliable information technology systems and appropriate controls with respect to privacy and security requirements, we may suffer regulatory consequences that could be costly or otherwise adversely affect our business. New laws that may restrict use or sharing of data or otherwise regulate artificial intelligence and machine learning may also lead to significant increases in the Company's cost of compliance or otherwise adversely affect our business.
The Company could face product liability claims, and we may not have sufficient insurance to cover those claims.
Our building products are used in a wide variety of commercial, residential and industrial applications. We face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability or other claims in the event our products are alleged to be defective or that the use of our products is alleged to have resulted in harm to others or their property. If product liability lawsuits against us are successful, it could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any such lawsuits, whether or not successful, could result in adverse publicity to us, which could harm our reputation and cause our sales to decline. We maintain insurance coverage to protect us against product liability
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claims, but that coverage may not be adequate to cover all claims that may arise, or we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage in the future at an acceptable cost. Any liability not covered by insurance or that exceeds our established reserves could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Executive Overview
T hroughout 2025, despite continued headwinds in new construction and a complex economic environment, we continued to execute against our Vision 2030 strategy, and we remain very confident in our ability to achieve our Vision 2030 financial objectives. Over the course of the year, we made progress on all our key pillars of Vision 2030. We increased investments in innovation to develop new market-leading products. We enhanced our emphasis on the Carlisle Operating System ("COS") and expanded automation in our factories to drive operational excellence. We added significant management talent and further elevated the Carlisle Experience to strengthen customer loyalty and service. And above all else, we continued to deliver on our commitment to being superior capital allocators.
Carlisle’s performance during 2025 adds to our history of resilience through the economic cycles and challenges we have faced over the years, such as the Covid pandemic. We delivered another solid year of cash flow, generating over $1 billion of operating cash flow, which continued to provide balance sheet optionality. As the M&A environment in 2025 was challenging, we turned a significant portion of that cash flow to share repurchases, as we continued to see this as a solid opportunity for capital deployment.
At CCM, solid re-roofing demand, which represents approximately 70% of our commercial roofing business, continued to help stabilize our business as new construction markets work through the bottom of the cycle. At CWT, our recent acquisitions and operational initiatives contributed to revenue growth, and we are well-positioned to capitalize on the growing need for energy-efficient weatherproofing solutions.
North America is the most attractive building-products market globally, supported by strong, long-term fundamentals including the demand for energy-efficient solutions, the need to improve labor productivity, and the recurring maintenance requirements of an aging non-residential building stock—over 70% of which is more than 25 years old. Buildings are a critical and indispensable component of the physical economy. They must be built, maintained, and continuously improved. This structural reality reinforces the durability and necessity of our end markets.
Carlisle’s imperative business continues to benefit from a strong re-roofing market, and we continued to benefit from our position as a North American leader in the world’s largest building-products market. Carlisle’s leadership position in this essential market, highly responsive cost structure combined with the discipline of COS and our proven capital allocation framework, continues to translate into superior and sustainable margin performance.
While we expect the current challenging market conditions to continue into the first half of 2026, our solid financial position, robust cash flow, and ongoing commitment to operational excellenceenable us to continue generating strong returns, pursue value-enhancing acquisitions, and deliver shareholder value.
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Summary Financial Results
(in millions, except per share amounts and percentages)
Revenues
Operating income
Operating margin
Income from continuing operations
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)
(1) Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Revenues
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Organic
Acquisition
Exchange
Rate
Revenues
The increase in revenues in 2025 primarily reflects higher sales in our non-residential construction end-market of $30.2 million, driven by recent acquisitions, partially offset by lower sales in our residential construction end-market of $14.0 million due to decreased new construction activity.
Gross Profit
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Gross profit
Gross margin
Gross margin decreased in 2025, primarily due to increased unit costs resulting from higher absorption of fixed costs on lower volumes.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Selling and administrative expenses
As a percentage of revenues
Selling and administrative expenses increased in 2025, primarily due to the recent acquisitions of MTL Holdings LLC ("MTL"), PFB Holdco, Inc. ("PFB"), selected assets of ThermaFoam Operating LLC, PowerFoam LLC, and ThermaFoam Real Estate LLC (collectively, "ThermaFoam"), and selected assets of Bonded Logic, Inc. and Phoenix Fibers, LLC (collectively, "Bonded Logic"). These acquisitions resulted in an increase of $16.1 million in wage and benefit expense and $15.8 million of amortization expense, which were partially offset by lower wage and benefit expenses of $11.8 million at our legacy businesses, driven by reduced discretionary compensation.
Research and Development Expenses
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Research and development expenses
As a percentage of revenues
Research and development expenses were higher in 2025 primarily due to increased new product development activities. This increase is consistent with a key pillar of Vision 2030, which focuses on driving innovation through continued investment in the development of new products and solutions that deliver value through advancements in sustainability and energy and labor efficiencies.
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Interest Expense
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Interest expense
Interest expense increased during 2025, primarily due to higher long-term debt balances associated with the 5.25% notes due September 15, 2035 (the "2035 Notes") and the 5.55% notes due September 15, 2040 (the "2040 Notes"), which were issued on August 20, 2025, partially offset by the redemption of $400.0 million of 3.50% notes in December 2024. Refer to Note 13 for further information on our long-term debt.
Interest Income
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Interest income
Interest income decreased during 2025, primarily due to a lower invested cash balance and lower yields compared to 2024.
Income Taxes
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate
The provision for income taxes on continuing operations decreased in 2025, primarily reflecting lower pre-tax income which equated to lower taxes of $39.5 million.
Refer to Note 8 for further information related to income taxes.
Segment Results of Operations
Carlisle Construction Materials
This segment produces a complete line of premium energy-efficient single-ply roofing products and warranted roof systems and accessories for the commercial building industry, including ethylene propylene diene monomer (“EPDM”), thermoplastic polyolefin (“TPO”) and polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) membrane, polyisocyanurate ("polyiso") insulation, and engineered metal roofing and wall panel systems for commercial and residential buildings.
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Organic
Acquisition
Exchange
Rate
Revenues
Operating income
Operating margin
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)
(1) Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.
CCM’s revenue increased in 2025 primarily driven by strong re-roofing activity aided by the MTL acquisition partially offset by lower new construction activity.
CCM's operating margin and adjusted EBITDA for 2025 decreased primarily due to higher operating costs of $56.3 million, primarily to enhance the Carlisle Experience, and increased research and development expenses of $8.7 million.
Carlisle Weatherproofing Technologies
This segment produces building envelope solutions that drive energy efficiency and sustainability in commercial and residential applications. Products include high-performance waterproofing and moisture protection products, protective roofing underlayments, fully integrated liquid and sheet applied air/vapor barriers, sealants/primers and flashing systems, roof coatings and mastics, spray polyurethane foam and coating systems for a wide variety of thermal protection applications and other premium polyurethane products, block-molded expanded polystyrene
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insulation and other insulation products, engineered products for HVAC applications, and premium products for a variety of industrial and surfacing applications.
(in millions, except percentages)
Change
Organic
Acquisition
Exchange
Rate
Revenues
Operating income
Operating margin
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)
(1) Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about Carlisle's and our segments' performance without the effects of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this MD&A for more information about, and a detailed reconciliation of, these items.
CWT’s revenue decrease in 2025 was primarily the result of lower sales volumes due to continued softness in new construction activity, mostly offset by the acquisitions of PFB, ThermaFoam, and Bonded Logic.
CWT’s operating margin and adjusted EBITDA margin decrease in 2025 primarily reflected increased unit costs resulting from higher absorption of fixed costs on lower volumes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our current cash reserves, available credit facilities, including borrowings available under our $1.0 billion Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and anticipated operating cash flows are adequate to meet our short-term projected business requirements for at least the next 12 months and our long-term financial requirements, including the repayment of outstanding principal balances on existing notes by their respective maturity dates.
Additional sources of liquidity may be obtained through access to the capital markets, subject to market conditions. The Company may consider such access for purposes that include the repayment of outstanding debt and the funding of acquisitions. For further details regarding long-term debt, refer to Note 13.
Management retains discretion over the allocation of available cash and may deploy resources toward capital expenditures, acquisitions, strategic investments, dividends, or share repurchases.
(in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash
Change in cash and cash equivalents
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2025 was $1.1 billion, an increase of $71.5 million compared to 2024, primarily due to lower working capital uses of $115.7 million, partially offset by lower income from continuing operations, excluding non-cash reconciling items, of $33.8 million.
Inventory has remained steady throughout 2025, resulting in a $136.9 million decrease in working capital uses compared to 2024, which experienced higher investment in inventory due to the end of destocking from 2023 followed by increased construction activity. Additionally, working capital used in other current liabilities decreased by $90.4 million in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to the timing of tax expenses and payments. These reductions in working capital uses were partially offset by an additional $73.0 million in working capital used in accounts receivable due to timing of sales and an additional $28.9 million used in accounts payable due to timing of expenses and payments when comparing 2025 to 2024.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in 2025 was $240.4 million, primarily attributable to the acquisition of ThermaFoam for $53.7 million, the acquisition of Bonded Logic for $61.4 million, and capital expenditures of $131.2 million.
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Net cash provided by investing activities in 2024 was $1.2 billion, primarily attributable to net cash proceeds of $2.0 billion from the sale of Carlisle Interconnect Technologies ("CIT"), partially offset by use of an aggregate of $676.9 million to fund the acquisitions of MTL and PFB and capital expenditures of $113.3 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in 2025 was $503.7 million, primarily attributable to share repurchases of $1.3 billion and cash dividend payments of $181.1 million. These outflows were partially offset by proceeds totaling $987.8 million from the issuance of the 2035 Notes and 2040 Notes.
Net cash used in financing activities in 2024 was $2.1 billion, which primarily reflected share repurchases of $1.6 billion, the redemption of the 2024 Notes of $400.0 million and cash dividend payments of $172.4 million.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), the Company’s management must make informed decisions which impact the reported amounts and related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and assumptions on which to base estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to business combinations, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, and income taxes on an ongoing basis. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, terms of existing contracts, our observation of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Business Combinations
As noted in " Item 1. Business. Business Strategy", we have a history and a strategy of acquiring businesses. We account for these business combinations as required by GAAP under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to recognize the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Deferred taxes are recorded for any differences between fair value and tax basis of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and can vary based on the structure of the acquisition as to whether it is a taxable or non-taxable transaction. To the extent the purchase price of the acquired business exceeds the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including deferred income taxes recorded in connection with the transaction, such excess is recognized as goodwill (see further below for our critical accounting estimate regarding post-acquisition accounting for goodwill). The most critical areas of judgment in applying the acquisition method include selecting the appropriate valuation techniques and assumptions that are used to measure the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at fair value, particularly for intangible assets, contingent consideration, acquired tangible assets such as property, plant and equipment, and inventory.
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The key techniques and assumptions utilized by type of major acquired asset or liability generally include:
Asset/Liability
Typical Valuation Technique
Key Assumptions
Technology-based intangible assets
Relief from royalty method
• Estimated future revenues from acquired technology
• Royalty rates that would be paid if licensed from a third-party
• Discount rates
Customer-based intangible assets
Multiple-period excess earnings method
• Estimated future revenues from existing customers
• Rates of customer attrition
• EBITDA margins
• Discount rates
• Contributory asset charges
Trademark/trade name intangible assets
Relief from royalty method
• Estimated future revenues from acquired trademark/trade name
• Economic useful lives (definite vs. indefinite)
• Royalty rates that would be paid if licensed from a third-party
• Discount rates
Property, plant & equipment
Market comparable transactions (real property) and replacement cost, new less economic depreciation (personal property)
• Similarity of subject property to market comparable transactions
• Costs of like equipment in new condition
• Economic obsolescence rates
Inventory
Net realizable value less (i) estimated costs of completion and disposal, and (ii) a reasonable profit allowance for the seller
• Estimated percentage complete (WIP inventory)
• Estimated selling prices
• Estimated completion and disposal costs
• Estimated profit allowance for the seller
Contingent consideration
Discounted future cash flows
• Future revenues and/or net earnings
• Discount rates
In selecting techniques and assumptions noted above, we generally engage third-party, independent valuation professionals to assist us in developing the assumptions and applying the valuation techniques to a particular business combination transaction. In particular, the discount rates selected are compared to and evaluated with (i) the industry weighted-average cost of capital, (ii) the inherent risks associated with each type of asset and (iii) the level and timing of future cash flows appropriately reflecting market participant assumptions.
As noted above, goodwill represents a residual amount of purchase price. However, the primary items that generate goodwill include the value of the synergies between the acquired company and our existing businesses and the value of the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies for recognition as an intangible asset. Refer to Note 3 for more information regarding business combinations, specifically the items that generated goodwill in our recent acquisitions.
Subsequent Measurement of Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more often if impairment indicators are present, at a reporting unit level. Goodwill is tested for impairment via a one-step process by comparing the fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. We recognize an impairment for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on the income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method and the market approach utilizing the public company market multiple method. The key techniques and assumptions generally include:
Valuation Technique
Key Assumptions
Discounted future cash flows
• Estimated future revenues
• EBITDA margins
• Discount rates
Market multiple method
• Peer public company group
• Financial performance of reporting units relative to peer public company group
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We have determined that we have four reporting units and have allocated goodwill to those reporting units as follows:
(in millions)
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
Carlisle Construction Materials - Commercial Roofing
Carlisle Construction Materials - Architectural Metals
Carlisle Construction Materials - Europe
Carlisle Weatherproofing Technologies
Total
Annual Impairment Test
We test our goodwill for impairment annually as of November 1. For the November 1, 2025 impairment test, all reporting units were tested for impairment using a qualitative approach. Under this approach, an entity may assess qualitative factors as well as relevant events and circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The results of our analysis indicated that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the aforementioned reporting units were less than their carrying values and thus, a quantitative analysis was not performed.
We will continue to closely monitor actual results against expectations and assess whether any significant changes in current events or conditions alter our projections for estimated future cash flows, discount rates, and market multiples.
While we believe our conclusions regarding the fair value estimates of our reporting units are appropriate, these estimates are inherently uncertain and involve various judgments and assumptions. Factors influencing these estimates include the growth rate and extent in the markets served by our reporting units, the realization of future sales price and volume increases, fluctuations in exchange rates, fluctuations in price and availability of key raw materials, future operating efficiencies and, with respect to discount rates, volatility in interest rates and the cost of equity.
Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding goodwill.
Subsequent Measurement of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
As discussed above, indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized and recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually, or more often if impairment indicators are present, at the appropriate unit of account, which is generally the individual asset. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment via a one-step process by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. We recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the intangible asset's fair value. We generally estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets consistent with the techniques noted above using our expectations about future cash flows, discount rates and royalty rates for purposes of the annual test. We monitor for significant changes in those assumptions during interim reporting periods. We also periodically re-assess indefinite-lived intangible assets as to whether their useful lives can be determined, and if so, we would begin amortizing any applicable intangible asset.
Annual Impairment Test
We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of November 1. For the November 1, 2025 impairment test, all indefinite-lived intangible assets, except for the Henry trade name related to ASP Henry Holdings, Inc., which we acquired in 2021, within the CWT reportable segment, were tested for impairment using the qualitative approach. The Henry trade name, with an aggregate carrying value of $219.0 million, was tested for impairment using the quantitative approach described above, resulting in a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by less than 10%.
We will continue to closely monitor actual results against expectations and assess whether any significant changes in current events or conditions alter our projections about future estimated revenues and discount rates. If our expectations of revenues from this trade name do not materialize or if the discount rate increases (based on increases in interest rates, market rates of return or market volatility), we may be required to record intangible asset impairment charges, which may be material.
Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding intangible assets.
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Income Taxes
Our income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense.
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations.
We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain U.S. federal, state and foreign net operating loss, and credit carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $52.0 million on the deferred tax assets related to these carryforwards.
We (1) record unrecognized tax benefits as liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, and (2) adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the unrecognized tax benefit liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which new information is available.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
EBIT, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT"), adjusted EBIT, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and adjusted EBITDA margin are intended to provide investors and others with information about our performance and our segments' performance without the effect of items that, by their nature, tend to obscure core operating results due to potential variability across periods based on the timing, frequency and magnitude of such items. As a result, management believes that these measures enhance the ability of investors to analyze trends in our business and evaluate our performance relative to similarly-situated companies. This information differs from net income, operating income, and operating margin determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. Our and our segments' EBIT, adjusted EBIT, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin follows. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
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December 31,
(in millions, except percentages)
Net income (GAAP)
Less: Income from discontinued operations (GAAP)
Income from continuing operations (GAAP)
Provision for income taxes
Interest expense
Interest income
EBIT
Plus (gains) / losses and costs from:
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Restructuring
Casualty losses and insurance recoveries
Legal settlements
Pension settlements
Total non-comparable items
Adjusted EBIT
Depreciation
Amortization
Adjusted EBITDA
Divided by:
Total revenues
Adjusted EBITDA margin
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Year Ended December 31, 2024
(in millions, except percentages)
CCM
CWT
Corporate and unallocated
CCM
CWT
Corporate and unallocated
Operating income (loss) (GAAP)
Non-operating expense (income), net
EBIT
Plus (gains) / losses and costs from:
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Restructuring
Casualty losses and insurance recoveries
Legal settlements
Pension settlements
Total non-comparable items
Adjusted EBIT
Depreciation
Amortization
Adjusted EBITDA
Divided by:
Total revenues
Adjusted EBITDA margin
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally use words such as "expect," "foresee," "anticipate," "believe," "project," "should," "estimate," "will," "plans," "intends," "forecast," and similar expressions, and reflect our expectations concerning the future. Such statements are made based on known events and circumstances at the time of publication and, as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen risks and uncertainties. It is possible that our future performance may differ materially from current expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements, due to a variety of factors such as: increasing price and product/service competition by foreign and domestic competitors, including new entrants; technological developments and changes; the ability to continue to introduce competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis; our mix of products/services; increases in raw material costs that cannot be recovered in product pricing; domestic and foreign governmental and public policy changes including environmental and industry regulations; the ability of our customers to maintain appropriate labor levels under U.S. immigration laws, policies and practices; the ability to meet our goals relating to our intended reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including our net zero commitments; threats associated with and efforts to combat terrorism; protection and validity of patent and other intellectual property rights; the identification of strategic acquisition targets and our successful completion of any transaction and integration of our strategic acquisitions; our successful completion of strategic dispositions; the cyclical nature of our businesses; the impact of information technology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence or data security breaches at our businesses or third parties; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings; and the other factors discussed in the reports we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. In addition, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates, the condition of the financial and credit markets and general domestic and international economic conditions, including inflation, interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations, and tariffs. Further, any conflict in the international arena, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East, may adversely affect general market conditions and our future performance. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made, and we undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including unanticipated events, after the date on which that statement is made, unless otherwise required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all of those factors, nor can it assess the impact of each of those factors on the business.
