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YoY shift: Neutral
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.08pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.16pp
Flat
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
+0.32pp
Lean +
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
weakness+10
unable+5
disruptions+3
negatively+2
declines+2
Positive rising
effective+7
profitability+1
able+1
successfully+1
achieve+1
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
5,543 words
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company is subject to various risks. The following is a discussion of risks that could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, and financial condition.
Risks Related to the Company ’ s Business, Industry, and Markets
Recent and future disruptions in domestic and global economic and market conditions could have adverse consequences for the used automotive retail industry in the future and may have greater consequences for the non-prime segment of the industry.
In the normal course of business, the used automotive retail industry is subject to changes in national and regional U.S. economic conditions, including, but not limited to, interest rates, gasoline and grocery prices, inflation, personal discretionary spending levels, and consumer sentiment about the economy in general. A downturn in economic conditions, disruptions in the equity or debt markets, high unemployment or underemployment, depressed vehicle or housing prices, unsustainable debt levels, high inflation, high interest rates, changes in interest rates, the introduction of trade tariffs or other policies that impact the automotive industry, in household incomes or savings, consumer or business sentiment, consumer or commercial filings, or in the of national or local economies could decrease demand for our products and services, increase the amount and rate of and , raise our operating and other expenses, and impact the returns on and the value of our portfolio.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
bankruptcy+6
difficulty+5
claims+2
decline+2
declines+2
Positive rising
improve+5
improvement+4
enhancing+4
benefit+4
improvements+3
MD&A (Item 7)
9,942 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Restated Disclosure Information for Contract Modifications for Interim Periods
Pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 30, 2025, the Company is including the previously omitted footnote disclosure that should have been included in the Company’s interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for each of the quarterly periods included in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC during fiscal years 2025 and 2024 regarding contract modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These disclosures relate to the Company’s systematic modification program that assists borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
The required disclosures that the Company is now including relate to contract modifications affecting $436.1 million, or 28.9%, of the Company’s gross finance receivables as of April 30, 2025. These modifications primarily consist of:
• Term extensions and
• Combination of modifications, which include both term extensions and interest rate reductions as determined by the court when a borrower declares Chapter 13 .
Recent and future disruptions in domestic and global economic and market conditions, including as a result of the recent and potential future implementation of increased tariffs and other changes in trade policies, or significant changes in the political environment and/or public policy, could adversely affect consumer demand or increase the Company’s costs, resulting in lower profitability for the Company. Due to the Company’s focus on non-prime customers, its actual rate of delinquencies, repossessions and credit losses on contracts could be higher under adverse economic conditions than those experienced in the automotive retail finance industry in general.
The outlook for the U.S. economy and the impacts to the automotive industry and individual consumers of the recently imposed tariffs, any future tariffs and any retaliatory actions by other countries remains uncertain, which may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Periods of economic slowdown or recession are often characterized by high unemployment and diminished availability of credit, generally resulting in increases in delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and credit losses. Further, periods of economic slowdown may also be accompanied by temporary or prolonged decreased consumer demand for motor vehicles and declining used vehicle prices.
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Significant increases in the inventory of used vehicles during periods of economic slowdown or recession may also depress the prices at which repossessed automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. The prices of used vehicles are variable and a rise or decline in the used vehicle prices may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. The Company is unable to predict with certainty the future impact of the most recent global and domestic economic conditions on consumer demand in our markets or on the Company’s costs.
A reduction in the availability or access to sources of inventory could adversely affect the Company ’ s business by increasing the costs of vehicles purchased.
The Company primarily acquires vehicles through wholesalers, new car dealers, rental and fleet companies, auctions, and the general public. However, there is no assurance that sufficient inventory will continue to be available to the Company, nor that vehicles will be available at comparable prices. Any reduction in inventory availability or increase in vehicle acquisition costs could negatively impact the Company’s gross margin, particularly as it strives to maintain affordable payments for its customer base. In such instances, the Company may need to absorb a portion of these cost increases, which could adversely affect profitability.
The availability and pricing of vehicles is heavily influenced by overall new car sales volumes. New car sales have historically been vulnerable to economic downturns and disruptions to supply chains and could be impacted by tariffs or the imposition of new tariffs, trade wars, barriers or restrictions, or threats of such actions. Any future decline in new car sales as a result of the recent and potential future U.S. trade policy changes or other factors could further exacerbatechallenges related to sourcing inventory or increase the cost of vehicles.
Additionally, the Company’s ability to procure vehicles may be adversely affected by disruptions in the wholesale and auction markets, including closures or reduced operations due to future public health crises, continued economic volatility, or other unforeseen factors. Such disruptions could restrict access to vehicles or drive up acquisition costs, further impacting the Company’s operational performance and margins.
The used automotive retail industry is fragmented and highly competitive, which could result in increased costs to the Company for vehicles and adverse price competition. Increased competition on the financing side of the business could result in increased credit losses.
The Company competes principally with other independent Integrated Auto Sales and Finance dealers, and with (i) the used vehicle retail operations of franchised automobile dealerships, (ii) independent used vehicle dealers, and (iii) individuals who sell used vehicles in private transactions. The Company competes for both the purchase and resale, which includes, in most cases, financing for the customer, of used vehicles. The Company’s competitors may sell the same or similar makes of vehicles that Car-Mart offers in the same or similar markets at competitive prices. Increased competition in the market, including new entrants to the market, could result in increased wholesale costs for used vehicles and lower-than-expected vehicle sales and margins. Further, if any of the Company’s competitors seek to gain or retain market share by reducing prices for used vehicles, the Company would likely reduce its prices in order to remain competitive, which may result in a decrease in its sales and profitability and require a change in its operating strategies. Increased competition on the financing side puts pressure on contract structures and increases the risk for higher credit losses. More qualified applicants have more financing options on the front-end, and if events adversely affecting the borrower occur after the sale, the increased competition may tempt the borrower to default on their contract with the Company in favor of other financing options, which in turn increases the likelihood of the Company not being able to save that account.
The used automotive retail industry operates in a highly regulated environment with significant attendant compliance costs and penalties for non-compliance.
The used automotive retail industry is subject to a wide range of federal, state, and local laws and regulations, such as local licensing requirements and laws regarding advertising, vehicle sales, financing, and employment practices. Facilities and operations are also subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. The violation of these laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminalpenaltiesagainst the Company or in a cease-and-desist order. As a result, the Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures, and other costs of complying with these laws and regulations. Further, over the past several years, private plaintiffs and federal, state, and local regulatory and law enforcement authorities have increased their scrutiny of advertising, sales and finance activities in the sale of motor vehicles. Additionally, the Company’s finance subsidiary, Colonial, is deemed a “larger participant” in the automobile finance
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market and currently remains subject to examination and supervision by the CFPB, which has broad regulatory powers over consumer credit products and services such as those offered by the Company.
The Company ’ s business is geographically concentrated; therefore, the Company ’ s results of operations may be adversely affected by unfavorable conditions in its local markets.
The Company’s performance is subject to local economic, competitive, and other conditions prevailing in the twelve states where the Company operates. The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of substantially all of its vehicles. These sales are made primarily to customers residing in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas with approximately 28 % of revenues resulting from sales to Arkansas customers. The Company’s current results of operations depend substantially on general economic conditions and consumer spending habits in these local markets. Any decline in the general economic conditions or decreased consumer spending in these markets may have a negative effect on the Company’s results of operations.
The Company ’ s growth strategy is dependent upon the following factors:
• Favorable operating performance. Our ability to increase revenues at existing dealerships or expand our business through additional dealership openings or strategic acquisitions is dependent on a sufficiently favorable level of operating performance to support the management, personnel and capital resources necessary to successfully grow existing locations, open and operate new locations, or complete acquisitions.
• Ability to successfully identify, complete and integrate new acquisitions. Part of our current growth strategy includes strategic acquisitions of dealerships. We could have difficulty identifying attractive target dealerships, completing the acquisition or integrating the acquired business’ assets, personnel and operations with our own. Acquisitions are accompanied by a number of inherent risks, including, without limitation, the difficulty of integrating acquired companies and operations; potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of our management or the management of the target company; difficulties in maintaining controls, procedures and policies; potential impairment of relationships with associates and partners as a result of any integration of new personnel; potential inability to manage an increased number of locations and associates; failure to realize expected efficiencies, synergies and cost savings; reaction to the transaction among the companies’ customers and potential customers; and the effect of any government regulations which relate to the businesses acquired.
• Availability of suitable dealership sites . Our ability to open new dealerships is subject to the availability of suitable dealership sites in locations and on terms favorable to the Company. If and when the Company decides to open new dealerships, the inability to acquire suitable real estate, either through lease or purchase, at favorable terms could limit the expansion of the Company’s dealership base. In addition, if a new dealership is unsuccessful and we are forced to close the dealership, we could incur additional costs if we are unable to dispose of the property in a timely manner or on terms favorable to the Company. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s expansion strategy and future operating results.
• Ability to attract and retain management for new and existing dealerships . The success of new dealerships is dependent upon the Company being able to hire and retain additional competent personnel. The market for qualified employees in the industry and in the regions in which the Company operates is highly competitive. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified and competent personnel to operate our dealerships, these dealerships may not be profitable, which could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition and operating results.
• Availability and cost of vehicles . The cost and availability of sources of inventory could affect the Company’s ability to open new dealerships or increase revenue at existing dealerships. While new car sales volumes and the operations of auctions and wholesalers have generally stabilized since the pandemic, long-term changes in supply chain dynamics and vehicle turnover continue to create uncertainty and could be impacted by tariffs or the imposition of new tariffs, trade wars, barriers or restriction, or threats of such actions. Any of these factors could potentially have a significant negative effect on the supply of vehicles at appropriate prices available to the Company in future periods. This could also make it difficult for the Company to supply appropriate levels of inventory for an increasing number of dealerships without significant additional costs, which could limit our future sales or reduce future profit margins if we are required to incur substantially higher costs to maintain appropriate inventory levels.
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• Acceptable levels of credit losses at new dealerships . Credit losses tend to be higher at new dealerships due to fewer repeat customers and less experienced associates; therefore, the opening of new dealerships, excluding acquired dealerships, tends to increase the Company’s overall credit losses. This may require the Company to incur additional costs to reduce future credit losses or to close the underperforming locations altogether. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial condition and operating results.
The Company ’ s business is subject to seasonal fluctuations.
Historically, the Company’s third fiscal quarter (November through January) has been the slowest period for vehicle sales. Conversely, the Company’s first and fourth fiscal quarters (May through July and February through April) have historically been the busiest times for vehicle sales. Therefore, the Company generally realizes a higher proportion of its revenue and operating profit during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. The Company expects this pattern to continue in future years.
If conditions arise that impair vehicle sales during the first or fourth fiscal quarters, the adverse effect on the Company’s revenues and operating results for the year could be disproportionately large.
The effects of any future public health crisis could have a significant impact on our business, sales, results of operations and financial condition.
The global outbreak of COVID-19 led to severedisruptions in general economic activities, particularly retail operations and global supply chains, and affected consumer demand and the overall health of the U.S. economy for an extended period following the height of the pandemic. The effects of any future pandemic or similar public health crises could negatively impact all aspects of our business, including consumer demand, used vehicle sales and financing, finance receivable collections, repossession activity and inventory acquisition. The continued health and productivity of our associates, including management teams, is critical to our business, and any disruption could adversely affect our operations, The consequences of any future adverse public health developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, sales, results of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, our liquidity could be negatively impacted if economic conditions were to once again deteriorate due to a future public health crisis, which could require us to pursue additional sources of financing to obtain working capital, maintain appropriate inventory levels, support the origination of vehicle financing, and meet our financial obligations. Capital and credit markets may also be disrupted by such events, and our ability to obtain any new or additional financing is not guaranteed and largely dependent upon evolving market conditions and other factors.
Risks Related to the Company ’ s Operations
The Company identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting, and if it is unable to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, its ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired and its public reporting may be unreliable.
Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for the Company to detect and prevent material misstatements in a timely manner in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the presentation of its financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports we file or submit to the SEC is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A material weakness, as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on the Company’s evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2025, the Company determined that it had a material weakness as of April 30, 2025 because of inadequate controls to appropriately analyze all relevant information required for complete and accurate presentation and disclosure under GAAP. This principally resulted from (1) incorrect assessment during the initial adoption of ASU 2022-02, (2) ineffective disclosure controls and procedures that did not identify missing required disclosures under ASC 310-10-50-42 through 50-44, and (3) turnover in technical accounting resources leading to a reduction of requisite expertise. Accordingly, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2025 were not effective due to the material weakness discussed above.
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The Company is implementing significant organizational and process improvements to address the material weakness, including hiring experienced financial reporting personnel and enhancing its disclosure controls and procedures. The remediation actions are being monitored by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. However, the Company cannot assure you that these efforts will remediate this material weakness in a timely manner, or at all, or that the Company will be able to maintain effective controls and procedures even if it remediates this material weakness. If the Company is unable to successfully remediate this material weakness, design or operate effective controls and procedures, or identify any future material weaknesses, the accuracy and timing of its financial reporting may be adversely affected, it may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports and it may experience a loss of public confidence, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and the market price of the Company’s common stock.
The Company is required to disclose changes made in its internal control procedures on a quarterly basis, and management is required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. As an “accelerated filer,” the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls could detect problems that management’s assessment might not. Any additional undetected material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls could lead to further financial statement restatements and require the Company to incur additional expenses of remediation. In addition, if the Company is unable to remediate this material weakness, or if the Company is otherwise unable to conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, the Company could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, the market price of its securities could decline, and the Company could be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict the Company’s future access to the capital markets.
The Company may have a higher risk of delinquency and default than traditional lenders because it finances its sales of used vehicles to credit-impaired borrowers .
Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve financing to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Financing made to borrowers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entails a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than financing made to borrowers with better credit. Delinquencyinterrupts the flow of projected interest income and repayment of principal from a contract, and a default can ultimately lead to a loss if the net realizable value of the automobile securing the contract is insufficient to cover the principal and interest due on the contract or if the vehicle cannot be recovered. The Company’s profitability depends, in part, upon its ability to properly evaluate the creditworthiness of non-prime borrowers and efficiently service such contracts. Although the Company believes that its underwriting criteria and collection methods enable it to manage the higher risks inherent in financing made to non-prime borrowers, no assurance can be given that such criteria or methods will afford adequate protection against such risks. Additionally, changes in regulatory or bankruptcy laws could have an impact on the Company’s losses. If the Company experiences higher losses than anticipated, its financial condition, results of operations and business prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company ’ s allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover actual credit losses, which could adversely affect its financial condition and operating results.
When applicable, the Company has to recognize losses resulting from the inability of certain borrowers to pay contracts and the insufficient realizable value of the collateral securing contracts. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses in an attempt to cover net credit losses expected over the remaining life of the contracts in the portfolio at the measurement date. Additional credit losses will likely occur in the future and may occur at a rate greater than the Company has experienced to date. The allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical credit loss experience, changes in contractual characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, term, and interest rates), and other qualitative considerations, such as credit quality trends, collateral values, current and forecasted economic conditions, underwriting and collections practices, concentration risk, credit review, and other external factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates of material factors that may be susceptible to significant change. If the Company’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect, its current allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient and adjustments may be necessary to allow for different economic conditions or adverse developments in its contract portfolio which could adversely affect the Company’s financial
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condition and results of operations. In addition, any future deterioration in economic conditions or consumer financial health may result in additional future credit losses that may require us to increase the allowance for credit losses.
The Company ’ s success depends upon the continued contributions of its management teams and the ability to attract and retain qualified employees.
The Company is dependent upon the continued contributions of its management teams. Because the Company maintains a decentralized operation in which each dealership is responsible for inspecting and selling its own vehicles, making credit decisions and collecting contracts it originates, the key employees at each dealership are important factors in the Company’s ability to implement its business strategy. Consequently, the loss of the services of key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. In addition, when the Company decides to open new dealerships, the Company will need to hire additional personnel. The market for qualified employees in the industry and in the regions in which the Company operates is highly competitive and may subject the Company to increased labor costs during periods of low unemployment or times of increased competition for labor.
The Company ’ s business is dependent upon the efficient operation of its information systems.
The Company relies on its information systems in managing its sales, inventory, consumer financing, and customer information effectively. The failure of the Company’s information systems to perform as designed, or the failure to maintain and continually enhance or protect the integrity of these systems, could disrupt the Company’s business, impact sales and profitability, or expose the Company to customer or third-party claims.
Security breaches, cyber-attacks or fraudulent activity could result in damage to the Company’s operations or lead to reputational damage.
Our information and technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunications failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by our employees, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. A security breach of the Company’s computer systems could also interrupt or damage its operations or harm its reputation. In addition, the Company could be subject to liability if confidential customer information is misappropriated from its computer systems. Any compromise of security, including security breachesperpetrated on persons with whom the Company has commercial relationships, that result in the unauthorized release of its users’ personal information, could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to the Company’s reputation, and a loss of confidence in the Company’s security measures, which could harm its business. Any compromise of security could deter people from entering into transactions that involve transmitting confidential information to the Company’s systems and could harm relationships with the Company’s suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause the Company to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Despite the implementation of security measures, these systems may still be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, programming errors, attacks by third parties or similar disruptiveproblems. The Company may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks.
Most of the Company’s customers provide personal information when applying for financing. The Company relies on encryption and authentication technology to provide security to effectively store and securely transmit confidential information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in the technology used by the Company to protect transaction data being breached or compromised.
In addition, many of the third parties who provide products, services, or support to the Company could also experience any of the above cyber risks or security breaches, which could impact the Company’s customers and its business and could result in a loss of customers, suppliers, or revenue.
The Company may be unable to keep pace with technological advances and changes in consumer behavior, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company relies on its information technology systems to facilitate digital sales leads. The Company’s ability to optimize its digital sales platform is affected by online search engines and classified sites that are not direct competitors but that may direct online traffic to the websites of competing automotive retailers. These third-party sites could make it
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more difficult for the Company to market its vehicles online and attract customers to its online offerings. Further, to address changes in consumer buying preferences and to improve customer experience, inventory procurement and recruiting and training, the Company makes corresponding technology and systems upgrades. The Company may not be able to establish sufficient technological upgrades to support evolving consumer buying preferences and to keep pace with its competitors. If these systems fail to perform as designed or if the Company fails to respond effectively to consumer buying preferences or keep pace with technological advances by its competitors, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in the availability or cost of capital and working capital financing could adversely affect the Company ’ s growth and business strategies, and volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets and adverse changes in the global economy could have a negative impact on the Company ’ s ability to access the credit markets in the future and/or obtain credit on favorable terms.
The Company generates cash from income from continuing operations. The cash is primarily used to fund finance receivables growth. In addition to income from continuing operations, the Company generally funds its finance receivables growth and operations through borrowings under its revolving credit facilities and periodic issuances of non-recourse notes through asset-back securitization transactions. On a long-term basis, the Company expects its principal sources of liquidity to consist of income from continuing operations and borrowings under revolving credit facilities and/or term securitizations. Any adverse changes in the Company’s ability to borrow under revolving credit facilities or by accessing the securitization market, or any increase in the cost of such borrowings, would likely have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to finance receivables growth which would adversely affect the Company’s growth and business strategies. Further, the Company’s current credit facilities and non-recourse notes payable contain various reporting and/or financial performance covenants. Any failure of the Company to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results, financial condition, cash flow and ability to implement its business strategy.
If the capital and credit markets experience disruptions and/or the availability of funds becomes restricted, it is possible that the Company’s ability to access the capital and credit markets may be limited or available on less favorable terms which could have an impact on the Company’s ability to refinance maturing debt or react to changing economic and business conditions. In addition, if negative domestic or global economic conditions persist for an extended period of time or worsen substantially, the Company’s business may suffer in a manner which could cause the Company to fail to satisfy the financial and other restrictive covenants under its credit facilities.
The impact of climate-change related events, including efforts to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change and inclement weather can adversely impact the Company ’ s operating results.
The effects of climate change such as natural disasters or the occurrence of weather events, such as rain, snow, wind, storms, hurricanes, or other natural disasters, which can adversely affect consumer traffic and operations at the Company’s automotive dealerships as well as customers’ ability to make their car payments, could negatively impact the Company’s operating results. Further, the pricing of used vehicles is affected by, among other factors, consumer preferences, which may be impacted by consumer perceptions of climate change and consumer efforts to mitigate or reduce climate change-related events by purchasing vehicles that are viewed as more fuel efficient (including vehicles powered primarily or solely through electricity). An increase in the supply or a decrease in the demand for used vehicles may impact the resale value of the vehicles the Company sells. Moreover, the implementation of new or revised laws or regulations designed to address or mitigate the potential impacts of climate change (including laws which may adversely impact the auto industry in particular as a result of efforts to mitigate the factors contributing to climate change) could have a significant impact on the Company. Consequently, the impact of climate change-related events, including efforts to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change, may adversely impact the Company’s operating results.
Risks Related to the Company ’ s Common Stock
The Company ’ s stock trading volume may result in greatervolatility in the market price of the Company ’ s common stock and may not provide adequate liquidity for investors.
Although shares of the Company’s common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, the average daily trading volume in the Company’s common stock is less than that of other larger automotive retail companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of a sufficient number of willing buyers and sellers of the common stock at any given time. This presence
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depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which the Company has no control. Given the average daily trading volume of the Company’s common stock, the market price of the Company’s common stock may be subject to greatervolatility than companies with larger trading volumes as smaller transactions can more significantly impact the Company’s stock price. Significant sales of the Company’s common stock in a brief period of time, or the expectation of these sales, could cause a decline in the price of the Company’s common stock. The price of the Company’s common stock may also be subject to wide fluctuations based upon the Company’s operating results, general economic and market conditions, general trends and prospects for our industry, announcements by competitors, the Company’s ability to achieve any long-term targets or performance metrics and other factors. Any such fluctuations could increase the Company’s risk of being subject to securities class action litigation, which could result in substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources and have other material adverse impacts on the Company’s business. Additionally, low trading volumes may limit a stockholder’s ability to sell shares of the Company’s common stock.
The Company currently does not intend to pay future dividends on its common stock.
The Company historically has not paid cash dividends on its common stock and currently does not anticipate paying future cash dividends on its common stock. Any determination to pay future dividends and other distributions in cash, stock, or property by the Company in the future will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will be dependent on then-existing conditions, including the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and contractual restrictions. The Company is also restricted from paying dividends or making other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of its lender. Therefore, stockholders should not rely on future dividend income from shares of the Company’s common stock.
bankruptcy
bankruptcy
This inclusion of these omitted disclosures has no impact on our previously reported interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, or unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Contract Modifications
The Company identifies and discloses contract modifications made for customers experiencing financial difficulty after the origination date. Due to the subprime nature and limited financial resources of the majority of the Company’s customers, all modifications that result in a term extension are identified by the Company as modifications made for customers experiencing financial difficulty and therefore included in the related disclosures. See Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on these contract modifications. These modifications are made with the intent to support customers while preserving asset value and minimizing credit losses.
The following tables present the aggregate outstanding principal balance of contracts that have been modified during the fiscal periods, categorized by type of modification. These modifications represent management’s efforts to work with customers experiencing financial difficulty to help them maintain their vehicle ownership while preserving asset value for the Company. The percentages shown represent the portion of the total gross finance receivables portfolio as of the end of the fiscal period that has been modified at least once during the fiscal period.
The following table presents contract modifications by type of modification for the following periods during fiscal year 2025:
(Dollars in thousands)
Contract Modification by Type
Nine Months Ended January 31, 2025
Three Months Ended January 31, 2025
Six Months Ended October 31, 2024
Three Months Ended October 31, 2024
Three Months Ended July 31, 2024
Type of Modification
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Term extension
Combination (1)
Total
(1) These modifications result from customer bankruptcy filings and have been made in accordance with bankruptcy court requirements. They generally consist of a reduction in the contractual interest rate and/or an extension of the contract term as part of the customer’s court-approved payment restructuring plan.
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The following table presents contract modifications by type of modification for the following periods during fiscal year 2024:
(Dollars in thousands)
Contract Modification by Type
Nine Months Ended January 31, 2024
Three Months Ended January 31, 2024
Six Months Ended October 31, 2023
Three Months Ended October 31, 2023
Three Months Ended July 31, 2023
Type of Modification
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Principal Balance
% of Portfolio
Term extension
Combination (1)
Total
(1) These modifications result from customer bankruptcy filings and have been made in accordance with bankruptcy court requirements. They generally consist of a reduction in the contractual interest rate and/or an extension of the contract term as part of the customer’s court-approved payment restructuring plan.
The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications for the following periods during fiscal year 2025:
Type of Modification
Nine Months Ended January 31, 2025
Three Months Ended January 31, 2025
Six Months Ended October 31, 2024
Three Months Ended October 31, 2024
Three Months Ended July 31, 2024
Term extension
Added a weighted average of 2.0 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.6 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.8 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.5 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.6 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Combination
Added a weighted average of 10.9 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.5% to 10.25%.
Added a weighted average of 9.7 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.5% to 10.25%.
Added a weighted average of 11.7 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.5% to 10.25%.
Added a weighted average of 10.8 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 10.25%.
Added a weighted average of 12.5 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 10.5%.
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The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications for the following periods during fiscal year 2024:
Type of Modification
Nine Months Ended January 31, 2024
Three Months Ended January 31, 2024
Six Months Ended October 31, 2023
Three Months Ended October 31, 2023
Three Months Ended July 31, 2023
Term extension
Added a weighted average of 2.1 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.6 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.9 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.6 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Added a weighted average of 1.7 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers.
Combination
Added a weighted average of 11.8 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 18%.
Added a weighted average of 12.0 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 18%.
Added a weighted average of 12.0 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 18%.
Added a weighted average of 12.6 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 18%.
Added a weighted average of 11.0 months to the life of contracts, which reduced payment amounts due from borrowers and/or reduced interest rates to rates ranging from 4.25% to 18%.
The Company closely monitors the performance of the contracts that are modified to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the status of contracts that have term modifications for the periods presented:
Payment Status (Principal Balance)
(In thousands)
Total
Current
3-29 Days Past Due
30-60 Days Past Due
61-90 Days Past Due
90+ Days Past Due
For Three Months Ended
January 31, 2025
For Three Months Ended
October 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
July 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
January 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
October 31, 2023
For Three Months Ended
July 31, 2023
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The following table depicts the status of contracts that have term modifications due to the combination of modifications due to bankruptcies for the periods presented:
Payment Status (Principal Balance)
(In thousands)
Total
Payment Received in Last 30 Days
Payment Received in Last 31-60 Days
Payment Received in Last 61-90 Days
Payment Received in Last 90+ Days
For Three Months Ended
January 31, 2025
For Three Months Ended
October 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
July 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
January 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended
October 31, 2023
For Three Months Ended
July 31, 2023
The following table depicts the aggregate principal amounts of customer contracts that were charged off during the periods presented following contract modifications:
(In thousands)
Principal Amounts
For Nine Months Ended January 31, 2025
For Three Months Ended January 31, 2025
For Six Months Ended October 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended October 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended July 31, 2024
For Nine Months Ended January 31, 2024
For Three Months Ended January 31, 2024
For Six Months Ended October 31, 2023
For Three Months Ended October 31, 2023
For Three Months Ended July 31, 2023
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Overview
America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation (the “Company”), is one of the largest publicly held automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment of the used car market. References to the Company include the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s operations are principally conducted through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Car-Mart of Arkansas”), and Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Colonial”). Collectively, Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial are referred to herein as “Car-Mart.” The Company primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing as a result of limited credit histories or past credit problems. As of April 30, 2025, the Company operated 154 dealerships located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States.
Over the last ten fiscal years, the Company’s revenue growth averaged 10.6%. However, revenue for fiscal year 2025 declined 0.2% compared to fiscal year 2024. This follows a similar decline of 0.5% in fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. The slight decrease in revenue for fiscal year 2025 is primarily due to a 1.7% decrease in retail units sold, partially offset by a 1.5% increase in the average retail sales price and a 5.0% increase in interest income.
The Company has focused on improving vehicle quality by procuring lower-mileage vehicles, while balancing affordability for customers. The Company’s recent strategic partnership with a leading automotive services and technology provider initiated in fiscal year 2024 has begun to increase efficiencies within the Company’s inventory supply chain and is enabling the Company to utilize reconditioning and auction facilities, enhancing the quality of the Company’s vehicle offerings. Management expects this strategic partnership to help the Company optimize its inventory supply chain and further improve vehicle quality over the long term. The Company believes these efforts will reduce customers’ vehicle repair costs, lower service contract repair expenses, and increase recovery values in the event of repossession. When combined with enhanced inventory procurement efficiencies, these initiatives are expected to improve the customer experience and contribute to better gross margins.
The Company generates revenue primarily through the sale of used vehicles, typically accompanied by a related service contract and accident protection plan, as well as interest income and late fees from financing. The Company’s cost structure is relatively fixed and is sensitive to changes in volume. Revenue is influenced by factors such as competition, the availability of funding in the subprime automobile industry, and fluctuations in the purchase costs of vehicles for resale. Additionally, the macroeconomic environment plays a significant role in revenue performance.
The Company closely monitors key variables such as down payments, contract terms, and customer credit scores at the point of sale to help ensure customers’ success in meeting their payment obligations. After the sale, collections, delinquencies, and charge-offs are critical components in assessing the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. These factors are continuously monitored by management to ensure timely intervention and appropriate strategy adjustments.
The Company places significant emphasis on building strong, long-term relationships with customers, believing that fostering repeat business is integral to the Company’s success and growth. The Company also prioritizes excellent customer service, leveraging its “local” face-to-face approach, while continuing to expand and enhance digital and online services to meet the growing demand for an integrated, seamless sales and service experience.
In recent years, the Company has focused on offering a diverse mix of vehicles at various price points to improve affordability for customers. This approach is aimed at meeting a broad spectrum of customer needs while maintaining a competitive edge in the market.
The purchase price of vehicles has a direct impact on the Company’s revenues, liquidity, and capital resources. Since the Company’s selling price is largely based on the cost of acquiring its vehicles, increases in purchase costs often result in higher selling prices. This, in turn, can place pressure on gross margin percentages and contract terms, as the Company seeks to maintain affordable payment options for its customer base, which typically has limited financial flexibility.
Furthermore, declines in the volume of new car sales, particularly within domestic brands, lead to decreased vehicle supply and generally result in higher prices in the wholesale used car market. Changes in consumer credit availability, coupled with broader economic conditions, can also affect the demand for vehicles and the resulting purchase
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prices in the used car market. Tariffs or the imposition of new tariffs, trade wars, barriers or restrictions, or threats of such actions could also affect the demand and resulting purchase price of vehicles.
The Company maintains a consistent focus on collections, with each dealership responsible for its own collection efforts under the oversight of the corporate office. Over the past five fiscal years, the Company’s provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales has ranged from a low of approximately 19.3% in fiscal 2021 to a high of 36.5% in fiscal 2024, with an average of 28.1%. In fiscal 2025, the provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales decreased to 32.7%. In fiscal 2022, credit losses began to return to pre-pandemic levels, though they remained below historical averages, despite an increase in average retail sales prices, and in fiscal 2023, credit losses exceeded pre-pandemic levels, due in part to the expiration of federal stimulus programs and prevailing macroeconomic conditions. The high credit loss percentage for fiscal 2024 was primarily driven by the Company’s implementation in October 2023 of third-party software to provide more accurate credit loss calculations, which resulted in an increase in the allowance for credit losses, as percentage of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue and pending APP claims, from 23.91% at April 30, 2023 to 25.32% at April 30, 2024 (26.04% at October 31, 2023), and a corresponding increase in the provision for credit losses.
As of April 30, 2025, the Company’s allowance for credit losses decreased to 23.25% of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue and pending APP claims. This improvement was mainly due to improved credit performance on contracts underwritten in the new loan origination system and tighter underwriting standards, with a noticeable reduction in charge-offs and loss rates compared to loans originated using the legacy system. The new underwriting system centralizes loan information, providing dealerships with easy access to internal scores, down-payment percentages, credit reports, and other relevant customer data, all in one location. This improvementenables more informed decision-making and supports better credit management.
Credit losses, on a percentage basis, tend to be higher at new and developing dealerships due to less experienced management and a less seasoned customer base. More mature dealerships typically have a higher rate of repeat customers, who are generally lower credit risks. Credit losses can also be influenced by market and economic factors, such as competition in the used vehicle financing space and macroeconomic pressures, including inflation in essential goods and services. However, as the Company provides affordable transportation, these economic conditions do not always lead to higher credit losses.
The Company continuously seeks ways to improve operational efficiency, including refining its underwriting and collections processes. The Company’s proprietary credit scoring system allows for constant monitoring of contract quality. Corporate personnel regularly review credit scores and work with dealerships when scores fall outside acceptable thresholds. Additionally, the Company uses credit reporting and GPS technology to support its collections efforts, while its training department ensures ongoing improvement in collections practices. Effective execution of these business practices is considered the primary driver of the Company’s long-term credit loss performance.
Over the past five fiscal years, the Company’s gross margin as a percentage of sales has fluctuated, reaching a high of approximately 40.2% in fiscal 2021 and a low of 33.5% in fiscal 2023, with an average of 36.3%. The gross margin percentage improved to 34.7% in fiscal 2024 and 36.7% in fiscal 2025, including a 0.7% benefit resulting from a change in accounting estimate related to revenue recognition for service contracts implemented in the second quarter of fiscal 2025. The Company’s initiatives in vehicle pricing discipline, reduced transportation costs, lower repair expenses, and more effective disposal strategies have collectively contributed to the increase in gross profit. The total gross profit per retail unit sold increased by $431 compared to the prior fiscal year.
The Company’s gross margin is primarily influenced by the cost of vehicles purchased, with lower-priced vehicles generally yielding higher gross margin percentages but lower gross profit dollars. Additionally, the margin is impacted by the proportion of wholesale sales relative to retail sales, which is primarily associated with the sale of repossessed vehicles, typically sold at or near cost. Going forward, the Company intends to maintain a focus on increasing gross margin dollars, as evidenced by the growth observed in fiscal 2025, This will be achieved through continued efforts to improve wholesale results, enforce cost controls, and enhance operational efficiency related to vehicle acquisition and disposal.
The recruitment, training, and retention of qualified personnel are also pivotal to the Company’s continued success. The Company’s capacity to expand its dealership network and implement operational initiatives is constrained by the availability of adequately trained managers and support staff. High turnover rates, particularly among dealership managers, could impede the Company’s ability to scale its operations and execute strategic initiatives. Given the highly competitive hiring environment, the Company has consistently allocated resources towards enhancing its recruitment, training, and development processes, with a particular emphasis on filling dealership manager roles. The Company
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anticipates ongoing investment in its workforce development programs to ensure the availability of skilled personnel to support its growth trajectory.
Consolidated Operations
(Operating Statement Dollars in Thousands)
% Change
Years Ended April 30,
As a % of Sales
Operating Statement:
Revenues:
Sales
Interest and other income
Total
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales, excluding depreciation shown below
Selling, general and administrative
Provision for credit losses
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
Total
Income (loss) before taxes
Operating Data (Unaudited):
Retail units sold
Average dealerships in operation
Average units sold per dealership per month
Average retail sales price
Gross profit per retail unit sold
Same store revenue growth
Receivables average yield
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Fiscal 2025 Compared to Fiscal 2024
Total revenues decreased $3.0 million, or 0.2%, in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024, primarily as a result of declines in revenue from (i) dealerships that operated a full twelve months in both fiscal years ($68.2 million), and (ii) dealerships that were closed during or after the year ended April 30, 2024 ($18.3 million), which were mostly offset by revenue generated from (iii) dealerships opened or acquired after April 30, 2024 ($83.5 million). The overall decline in revenue for fiscal 2025 was primarily due to a 1.7% decrease in retail units sold, partially offset by a 5.0% increase in interest and other income and a 1.5% increase in the average retail sales price. Interest income increased approximately $11.6 million compared to fiscal 2024, due to the $36.9 million increase in average finance receivables.
The cost of sales as a percentage of total sales decreased to 63.3% in fiscal 2025, compared to 65.3% in fiscal 2024, resulting in a gross margin of 36.7% in fiscal 2025, which includes a 0.7% benefit from the change in accounting estimate for revenue recognition related to service contracts. This represents an improvement in gross margin from 34.7% in fiscal 2024. On a dollar basis, the gross margin per retail unit sold increased by $431 in fiscal 2025, relative to fiscal 2024. The primary driver of this decrease in the cost of sales was the Company’s sustained efforts in vehicle pricing discipline, reductions in transportation and repair costs, and improvements in vehicle disposal strategies.
The average retail sales price in fiscal 2025, including ancillary products, was $19,398, reflecting an increase of $285 over the prior fiscal year. This increase was largely attributable to a $13.2 million benefit recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 due to the aforementioned change in accounting estimate for service contract revenue recognition. The average retail sales price of the vehicles themselves, excluding ancillary products, rose modestly to $17,315, an increase of $20 from the previous fiscal year, primarily driven by the Company’s focus on maintaining consumer affordability and strategically procuring vehicles through preferred partners.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 16.5% in fiscal 2025, compared to 15.5% for fiscal 2024. SG&A expenses are, by nature, relatively fixed. In absolute terms, SG&A expenses rose by $9.5 million from fiscal 2024. This increase is primarily attributable to the Company’s continued investments across several key areas, including senior management, technology, inventory procurement and management, customer experience, and digital initiatives. Additionally, the growth of the Company’s dealership network through acquisitions in the past year contributed to the rise in SG&A expenses. These acquisitions are integral to the Company’s long-term growth strategy and, while they may temporarily impact SG&A expense leverage, they play a critical role in expanding customer portfolios and enhancing future revenue potential. The Company remains committed to cost control while ensuring continued investment in strategic areas to drive future growth.
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales decreased to 32.7% for fiscal 2025 compared to 36.5% for fiscal 2024. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables decreased to 25.9% for fiscal 2025 compared to 27.2% for the prior year. The Company experienced an improvement in both the frequency and severity of losses. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue and pending accident protection plan claims was 23.25 % at April 30, 2025 compared to 25.32% at April 30, 2024. The primary drivers of this change were continued favorable performance in contracts originated under the Company’s enhanced underwriting standards as well as an increase in the outstanding portfolio balance (excluding acquisitions) originated under the Company’s LOS to approximately 65.7% at April 30, 2025.
Interest expense for fiscal 2025 as a percentage of sales increased to 6.2% in fiscal 2025 from 5.6% in fiscal 2024. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to higher average borrowings in fiscal 2025 ($769.7 million in fiscal 2025 compared to $730.3 million for fiscal 2024) as well as the higher interest rates in 2025. Approximately two-thirds of the increase in interest expense is attributable to the increase in borrowings, and one-third is attributable to the higher interest rates in 2025.
Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023
Total revenues decreased $6.5 million or 0.5%, in fiscal 2024, as compared to revenue growth of 17.6% in fiscal 2023, principally as a result of declines in revenue from (i) dealerships that operated a full twelve months in both fiscal years ($13.8 million), and (ii) dealerships that were closed during or after the year ended April 30, 2023 ($14.9 million), partially offset by revenue generated from (iii) dealerships opened or acquired after the year ended April 30, 2023 ($22.2 million). The decline in revenue for fiscal 2024 is attributable to an 8.8% decrease in retail units sold, largely reflecting the challenging macroeconomic environment for our customers, partially offset by an 18.8% increase in interest and other
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income and a 5.7% increase in the average retail sales price. Interest income increased approximately $36.9 million compared to fiscal 2023, due to the $187.9 million increase in average finance receivables.
Cost of sales, as a percentage of sales, decreased to 65.3% compared to 66.5% in fiscal 2023, resulting in an increase in the gross margin percentage to 34.7% of sales in fiscal 2024 from 33.5% of sales in fiscal 2023. On a dollar basis, our gross margin per retail unit sold increased by $593 in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. The average retail sales price for fiscal 2024 was $19,113, a $1,033 increase over the prior fiscal year, with over half of the increase attributable to vehicle price and the remainder related to ancillary products. As purchase costs increase, the margin between the purchase cost and the sales price of the vehicles we sell generally narrows on a percentage basis because the Company must offer affordable prices to our customers. The Company initiated a strategic partnership with an industry leader in October 2023 and implemented initiatives around vehicle reconditioning efforts, transportation and scaling that aided the Company’s cost improvement efforts during the second half of fiscal 2024 and in fiscal 2025 and are expected to continue to provide a better volume of affordable units going forward.
Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales increased to 15.5% in fiscal 2024 from 14.7% for fiscal 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses are, for the most part, more fixed in nature. In dollar terms, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million from fiscal 2023. The increase resulted from increased collections costs due primarily to a higher frequency of repossessions and increased spending in professional services around improvements in technology, as well as operating in a higher inflationary environment, partially offset by operational improvements and cost-cutting measures implemented in fiscal 2024. These efforts resulted in the lowest percentage change in annual selling, general and administrative expenses in over five years at just a 1.5% increase.
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales increased to 36.5% for fiscal 2024 compared to 29.3% for fiscal 2023. The provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales was higher during fiscal 2024 due to the growth in the balance of finance receivables, net of deferred revenue, coupled with a decrease in sales of $43.4 million. An increase in net charge-offs also contributed to the higher provision. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables increased to 27.2% for fiscal 2024 compared to 23.3% for the prior year. The Company experienced continued increases in both the frequency and severity of losses, with the frequency increase accounting for over 80% of the increase as the Company’s customers continue to face pressures on higher average costs of everyday items. Severity was also higher due to the longer terms and lower recovery values. The increased frequency and severity of losses was partially mitigated by improved collection results from loans originated using our new underwriting system compared to our outstanding loans originated under our legacy system. Approximately 20% of the portfolio balance at April 30, 2024 originated under the new underwriting system.
Interest expense for fiscal 2024 as a percentage of sales increased to 5.6% from 3.2% in fiscal 2023. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the higher interest rates in 2024 as well as the higher average borrowings in fiscal 2024 ($730.3 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $568.3 million for fiscal 2023). 60% of the increase in interest expense is attributable to the higher interest rates in 2024, and 40% is attributable to the increase in borrowings.
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Financial Condition
The following table sets forth the major balance sheet accounts of the Company at April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Years Ended April 30,
Assets:
Finance receivables, net
Inventory
Income taxes receivable, net
Property and equipment, net
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Deferred revenue
Income tax payable, net
Deferred income tax liabilities, net
Notes payable, net
Revolving line of credit, net
The following table shows receivables growth compared to revenue growth during each of the past three fiscal years. For fiscal year 2025, growth in finance receivables, net of deferred revenue was 6.2%, while revenue decline of 0.2%, due primarily to the increases in term lengths of our installment sales contracts as the Company strives to keep payments affordable for our customers. The Company currently anticipates that the growth in finance receivables will continue to modestly exceed the overall change in revenue on an annual basis due to overall term length increases in our installment sales contracts, partially offset by improvements in underwriting and collection procedures in an effort to reduce credit losses. The weighted average contract term for the portfolio of installment sales contracts at April 30, 2025 was 48.3 months, compared to 47.9. months for April 30, 2024.
Years Ended April 30,
Growth in finance receivables, net of deferred revenue
Revenue growth
At fiscal year-end 2025, inventory increased 4.4%, or $4.8 million, compared to fiscal year-end 2024. The increase is primarily due to the most recent acquisition completed in the first quarter of 2025. Annualized inventory turns for fiscal year-end 2025 were 6.6, a slight decrease from 7.0 for the prior year. The Company strives to improve the quality of the inventory and maintain adequate turns while maintaining inventory levels to ensure an adequate supply of vehicles, in volume and mix, and to meet sales demand.
Property and equipment, net, decreased by approximately $3.5 million as of April 30, 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024. The Company incurred approximately $3.9 million in expenditures during fiscal year 2025, primarily related to remodeling of existing locations. These expenditures were offset by $7.6 million in depreciation expense during fiscal 2025.
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased by approximately $21.7 million at April 30, 2025 as compared to April 30, 2024 which reflects the impact of higher inventory and SG&A expenses and a strategic shift in payment scheduling, allowing us to optimize cash flow while maintaining strong supplier relationships.
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Deferred revenue decreased by $7.5 million as of April 30, 2025, compared to April 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to the $13.2 million benefit recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2025, resulting from the Company’s adjustment to its estimate for the applicable recognition period under the Company’s service contract accounting change.
Deferred income tax liabilities, net, decreased approximately $10.7 million on April 30, 2025, compared to April 30, 2024, primarily due to a net operating loss carryforward for the related finance company.
The Company had $572.0 million and $553.6 million of notes payable outstanding related to asset-backed term funding transactions as of April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These non-recourse notes issued by the Company accrue interest at fixed rates with a weighted average rate of 8.2% as of April 30, 2025. During fiscal 2025, the Company completed two issuances of asset-backed term funding on January 31, 2025 and October 9, 2024, respectively, and used the proceeds of the issuances to pay down existing debt. In July 2024, the Company borrowed $150 million in funds under a warehouse loan facility that accrued interest at a rate equal to the term SOFR plus 350 basis points. The Company repaid the funds borrowed under the warehouse facility in October 2024 using the proceeds from its asset-backed term funding. See Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the non-recourse notes payable and warehouse loan facility.
On September 20, 2024, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 1,700,000 shares of common stock at a price per share of $43.00. The net proceeds of the public offering were approximately $73.8 million after deducting the underwriting discount, commissions and offering costs of approximately $4.9 million. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement entered into in connection with the offering, on October 22, 2024, the Company completed the sale of an additional 138,272 shares of common stock at the price of $43.00 per share, in connection with the partial exercise by the underwriter of an option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) granted in the Underwriting Agreement for the underwriters to purchase up to 255,000 additional shares at the public offering price to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to the Company of the underwriter’s partial exercise of the Over-Allotment Option were approximately $5.6 million after deducting the underwriting discount, commissions and offering costs of approximately $346,000, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company from the offering of approximately $73.8 million. The Company used the net proceeds from this offering to pay down a portion of the Company’s revolving line of credit.
The Company maintains a revolving line of credit with a group of lenders with available borrowings based on and secured by eligible finance receivables and inventory. The credit facilities provide for four pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding fiscal quarter. The current applicable interest rate under the credit facilities is SOFR plus 3.50% or, for non-SOFR amounts, the base rate of 7.50% plus 1% at April 30, 2025 and 8.25% plus 1% at April 30, 2024. At April 30, 2025 and 2024 the Company had $204.8 million and $200.8 million, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facilities. See Note F for further details on the revolving line of credit.
Borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facilities fluctuate based upon a number of factors including (i) net income, (ii) finance receivables changes, (iii) funds available from asset-backed securitization offerings, warehouse facilities and/or other capital financing sources, (iv) income taxes, and (v) capital expenditures. Historically, income from operations, as well as borrowings on the revolving credit facilities and securitized debt, have funded the Company’s finance receivables growth and capital asset purchases and, as applicable, common stock repurchases. The overall increase in total borrowings during fiscal 2025 was made to support an increase in finance receivables, with longer terms, and a growing customer base. During fiscal 2025, the Company funded finance receivables growth of $73.8 million, increased inventory by $4.8 million, invested in an acquisition and fixed assets of $11.4 million and increased total cash by $30.1 million with income from operations, a $22.3 million increase in total debt and $73.8 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock.
The proceeds from the Company’s common stock offering during the second quarter substantially offset the increase in finance receivables for fiscal year 2025.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth certain historical information with respect to the Company’s Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
Years Ended April 30,
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)
Provision for credit losses
Losses on claims for accident protection plan
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of debt issuance costs
Stock based compensation
Deferred income taxes
Finance receivable originations
Finance receivable collections
Accrued interest on finance receivables
Inventory
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Deferred accident protection plan revenue
Deferred service contract revenue
Income taxes, net
Other
Total
Investing activities:
Purchase of investments
Purchase of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Total
Financing activities:
Revolving credit facilities, net
Notes payable, net
Change in cash overdrafts
Debt issuance costs
Purchase of common stock
Dividend payments
Exercise of stock options, including tax benefits and issuance of common stock
Total
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
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The primary drivers of operating profits and cash flows include (i) top line sales (ii) interest income on finance receivables, (iii) gross margin percentages on vehicle sales, and (iv) credit losses, a significant portion of which relates to the collection of principal on finance receivables. Historically, most or all of the cash generated from operations has been used to fund finance receivables growth, capital expenditures, and as applicable, common stock repurchases. To the extent finance receivables growth, capital expenditures and common stock repurchases have exceeded income from operations, the Company has increased borrowings under its revolving credit facilities and secured additional funding through the issuance of asset-backed non-recourse notes.
Cash flows used in operating activities for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 decreased primarily as a result of (i) an increase in net income and (ii) a decrease in deferred income taxes, (iii) an increase in finance receivable collections and (iv) a decrease in finance receivable originations. Finance receivables, net, increased by $82.1 million from April 30, 2024 to April 30, 2025.
Cash flows used in operating activities for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 decreased primarily as a result of (i) an increase in the provision for credit losses and (ii) a decrease in finance receivable originations, partially offset by (iii) an increase in cash used for accounts payable and accrued liabilities and (iv) a net loss.
The purchase price the Company pays for a vehicle has a significant effect on liquidity and capital resources. Because the Company bases its selling price on the purchase cost for the vehicle, increases in purchase costs result in higher selling prices. As the selling price increases, it generally becomes more difficult to keep the gross margin percentage and contract term in line with historical results because the Company’s customers have limited incomes, and their car payments must remain affordable within their individual budgets. Several external factors can negatively affect the purchase cost of vehicles. Decreases in the overall volume of new car sales, particularly domestic brands, lead to decreased supply in the used car market. The long-term impacts of any economic downturn on new car sales volumes and the ability of auctions and wholesalers to continue to operate could be impacted by tariffs or the imposition of new tariffs, trade wars, barriers or restrictions, or threats of such actions, and any future decline in new car sales could exacerbatechallenges related to sourcing inventory or increase the cost of vehicles.
Sustained macro-economic pressures affecting our customers have helped keep demand high in recent years for the types of vehicles we purchase. This strong demand for used vehicles, coupled with modest levels of new vehicle sales in recent years, have led to a generally ongoing tight supply of used vehicles available to the Company in both quality and quantity. Wholesale prices continued to soften in calendar year 2024 and into 2025 but began to improvelate in fiscal year 2025. The Company expects that the tight supply of used vehicles, strong demand for the types of vehicles we purchase, and market reactions to ongoing tariff uncertainty will continue to keep purchase costs and resulting sales prices elevated in the short term, However, an increase in marketplace wages for our customers could enhance affordability.
The Company has made substantial efforts to enhance its purchasing processes in order to secure an adequate supply of vehicles at competitive prices. This includes a strategic partnership with an industry leader, the expansion of its purchasing territories into larger cities near its dealerships, and the establishment of relationships with reconditioning partners to reduce procurement costs. Additionally, the Company has heightened accountability for its purchasing agents through updates to sourcing and pricing guidelines. Ongoing efforts also include the cultivation of relationships with national vendors capable of supplying large volumes of high-quality vehicles.
The Company’s liquidity is also influenced by its credit losses. Macro-economic factors, such as unemployment rates and general inflation affecting both core and discretionary items, can significantly impact collection results and, consequently, credit losses. At present, as customers face rising costs for non-discretionary items like childcare, insurance, groceries, and gasoline, their ability to meet vehicle payment obligations may be strained. To mitigate these risks, the Company has implemented several process improvements, including the introduction of a loan origination system over the past two years, which strengthens controls and provides a more robust infrastructure to support collections. Management remains focused on enhancing execution at the dealership level, particularly in terms of individualized customer engagement related to collection matters.
The Company’s business model relies on leasing the majority of the properties where its dealerships are located. As of April 30, 2025, the Company leased approximately 87% of its dealership properties. The $86.6 million of operating lease commitments includes $21.3 million of non-cancelable lease commitments under the lease terms and $65.3 million of lease commitments for renewal periods at the Company’s option that are reasonably assured. The Company expects to continue to lease the majority of the properties where its dealerships are located.
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The Company’s principal sources of liquidity include income from operations, proceeds from non-recourse notes payable issued under asset-back securitization transactions, warehouse facilities, borrowings under its revolving credit facilities, and other potential debt or equity financing sources. At April 30, 2025, the Company had approximately $9.8 million of cash on hand and approximately an additional $27.3 million of availability under its revolving credit facilities (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of March 31, 2027, with total permitted borrowings of $350 million at April 30, 2025.
In July 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 7 to its revolving credit agreement to allow for, among other things, the entry into an amortizing warehouse agreement and to amend the fixed charge coverage ratio under the credit agreement. On September 16, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 8 to its revolving credit agreement that, among other things, reduced the total permitted borrowings under the revolving line of credit by $20 million to $320 million. Amendment No. 8 required the Company to maintain a minimum amount available to be drawn under the credit facilities, based on eligible finance receivables and inventory, of $20 million, or $50.0 million if the outstanding principal balance under the line of credit equaled or exceeded $300 million. The amendment also required the Company to use the net proceeds of any junior capital raise of $50 million or more to pay down the then outstanding principal balance of the line of credit. The Company used the $73.8 million in aggregate net proceeds from its underwritten public common stock offering completed during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 to pay down a portion of the outstanding balance of the line of credit. The amendment also made certain modifications to the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the credit agreement and restricts the Company from making future repurchases of its common stock, along with the agreement’s existing restrictions on other distributions to the Company’s shareholders. Thus, the Company is restricted from paying dividends or making other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.
On February 28, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 9 to its revolving credit agreement that, among other things, extended the maturity date of the credit facility to March 31, 2027 and increased the total permitted borrowings by $30 million to $350 million. Under the amendment, the Company is required to maintain a minimum amount available to be drawn under the credit facilities, based on eligible finance receivables and inventory, of $20 million when the outstanding principal balance under the line of credit is less than or equal to $325 million. If the outstanding principal balance under the line of credit is greater than $325 million, the Company will be required to maintain a minimum availability of $50 million. The amendment made further adjustments to the required fixed charge coverage ratio, including incremental increases in the required ratio through July 31, 2026. The amendment also decreased the Company’s permissible capital expenditure limit from $35.0 million to $25.0 million in the aggregate during any fiscal year
In July 2024, the Company entered into a $150 million amortizing warehouse agreement backed by a portion of its finance receivables. The warehouse facility accrues interest at a rate of SOFR plus 350 basis points, with payments of principal and interest due monthly and a scheduled maturity date of July 12, 2026. The Company primarily used the funds from the warehouse facility to pay down outstanding amounts borrowed under the revolving line of credit to fund finance receivables. On September 16, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to the warehouse agreement that amended the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant consistent with Amendment No. 8 to the revolving credit agreement and modified certain other financial covenants under the warehouse agreement. In October 2024, the Company used the proceeds from its October 2024 asset-back term securitization funding to pay down the outstanding balance under the warehouse loan facility. No debt was outstanding under the warehouse loan facility as of April 30, 2025
The Company expects to use cash from operations and other financing sources to (i) periodically pay down the outstanding principal balance of the revolving line of credit, (ii) grow its finance receivables portfolio, (iii) purchase fixed assets of approximately $9 million in the next 12 months as we complete facility updates and general fixed asset requirements, (iv) fund dealership acquisitions as opportunities arise on terms acceptable to the Company, and (v) reduce the Company’s remaining debt to the extent excess cash is available.
The Company believes it will have adequate liquidity to continue to grow its revenues and to satisfy its capital needs for the foreseeable future through expected financing sources such as additional securitized borrowings or public registered offerings.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has two standby letters of credit relating to insurance policies totaling $4.4 million at April 30, 2025.
Other than its letters of credit, the Company is not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangement that management believes is reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Related Finance Company Contingency
Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial do not meet the affiliation standard for filing consolidated income tax returns, and as such they file separate federal and state income tax returns. Car-Mart of Arkansas routinely sells its finance receivables to Colonial at what the Company believes to be fair market value and is able to take a tax deduction at the time of sale for the difference between the tax basis of the receivables sold and the sales price. These types of transactions, based upon facts and circumstances, have been permissible under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as described in the Treasury Regulations. For financial accounting purposes, these transactions are eliminated in consolidation and a deferred income tax liability has been recorded for this timing difference. The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial provides certain legal protection for the Company’s finance receivables and, principally because of certain state apportionment characteristics of Colonial, also has the effect of reducing the Company’s overall effective state income tax rate. The actual interpretation of the Regulations is in part a facts and circumstances matter. The Company believes it satisfies the material provisions of the Regulations. Failure to satisfy those provisions could result in the loss of a tax deduction at the time the receivables are sold and have the effect of increasing the Company’s overall effective income tax rate as well as the timing of required tax payments.
The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had no accrued penalties or interest as of April 30, 2025.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company believes the most significant estimate made in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 relates to the determination of its allowance for credit losses, which is discussed below. The Company’s accounting policies are discussed in Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses expected to be incurred on the portfolio at the measurement date in the collection of its finance receivables currently outstanding. At April 30, 2025, the weighted average contract term was 48.3 months with 35.9 months remaining. At April 30, 2024, the weighted average total contract term was 47.9 months with 36.1 months remaining. The allowance for credit losses at April 30, 2025, $323.1 million, was 23.25% of the principal balance in finance receivables of $1.5 billion, less unearned accident protection plan revenue of $51.5 million, unearned service contract revenue of $61.8 million, and pending APP claims of $6.2 million. The allowance for credit losses at April 30, 2024, $331.3 million, was 25.32% of the principal balance in finance receivables of $1.4 billion, less deferred APP revenue of $51.8 million, deferred service contract revenue of $68.9 million, and pending APP claims of $6.4 million. The Company decreased the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables from 25.32% at April 30, 2024 to 23.25% at April 30, 2025.
The allowance for credit losses represents the Company’s expectation of future net charge-offs at the measurement date. The allowance takes into account quantitative and qualitative factors such as historical credit loss experience, with consideration given to changes in contract characteristics (i.e., customer interest rates, credit deterioration and delinquency rates), current and forecasted inflationary economic conditions, amongst others. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management with any changes reflected in current operations.
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The allowance for credit losses is a critical accounting estimate for the following reasons:
• estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses require management to project future loan performance, including cash flows, prepayments, and charge-offs;
• the allowance for credit losses is influenced by factors outside of management’s control such as industry and business trends, geopolitical events and the effects of laws and regulations as well as economic conditions including, but not limited to, inflation; and
• judgment is required to evaluate whether the model used to generate the allowance for credit losses, which is then adjusted for changes in customer interest rates, credit deterioration and delinquency rates, as well as the expected effects from current and forecasted inflation, produces an allowance that appropriately reflects a current estimate of lifetime expected credit losses.
Because management’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses involves a high degree of qualitative judgment, such as the subjectivity of the assumptions used, there is uncertainty inherent in such estimates. Changes in these estimates could significantly impact the allowance and provision for credit losses.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes the implementation of recently issued standards which are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
In October 2023, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2023-06) related to disclosure or presentation requirements for various subtopics in the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification”). The amendments in the update are intended to align the requirements in the Codification with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) regulations and facilitate the application of GAAP for all entities. The effective date for each amendment is the date on which the SEC removal of the related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, or if the SEC has not removed the requirements by June 30, 2027, this amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entity. Early adoption is prohibited. We do not expect this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 30, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which sets forth improvements to the current segment disclosure requirements in accordance with Topic 280 “Segment Reporting,” including clarifying that entities with a single reportable segment are subject to both new and existing segment reporting requirements. The Company adopted this standard for the year ended April 30, 2025. Adoption of this ASU expanded our business segment disclosures, but did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2023, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2023-09) related to income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update are intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, though early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning May 1, 2025, and we do not expect it to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This standard requires public business entities to provide enhanced disclosures of certain natural expense categories within relevant income statement captions. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statement disclosures.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measure
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We present debt, net of cash, and an adjusted debt to finance receivables ratio, each a non-GAAP financial measure, as supplemental measures of our financial condition. Debt, net of cash, is defined as total debt minus total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash on the balance sheet. The adjusted debt to finance receivables ratio is defined as the ratio of total debt, net of total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash divided by the outstanding principal balance of our finance receivables. We believe debt, net of cash, and the adjusted debt to finance receivables ratio are useful measures to monitor leverage and evaluate balance sheet risk. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for reported GAAP results because they exclude certain items as compared to similar GAAP-based measures, and such measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies. We strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in their entirety and not rely solely on any one, single financial measure. The reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as of April 30, 2025 and 2024, are provided in the table below.
April 30, 2025
April 30, 2024
Debt:
Revolving lines of credit, net
Non-recourse notes payable, net
Total debt (A)
Cash:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash on auto finance receivables
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (B)
Debt, net of total cash (A-B)
Principal balance of finance receivables (C)
Ratio of debt to finance receivables (A/C)
Ratio of debt, net of total cash, to finance receivables ((A-B)/C)
