Item 1A. Risk Factors
Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in our securities involves substantial risk. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. Important factors and risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
• Risks Related to Our Businesses
◦ Rapidly evolving domestic and global economic conditions are beyond our control and could materially adversely affect our business, operations, and results of operations.
◦ Any failure by us to identify, manage, integrate and complete acquisitions and other significant transactions successfully could harm our financial results, business and prospects.
◦ Data and security breaches could compromise our systems and confidential information, cause reputational and financial damage, and increase risks of litigation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
◦ System outages, data loss or other interruptions affecting our operations could adversely affect our business and reputation.
• Risks Related to the Management Agreements
◦ Risks associated with the management of our businesses for a fee by Resolute Holdings, which has substantial influence over our businesses, operations and strategy and upon which our businesses are heavily reliant.
• Risks Related to the Business of CompoSecure
◦ Failure to retain existing customers or identify and attract new customers could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
◦ The future growth of our CompoSecure business may depend upon its ability to develop and commercialize new products, and our CompoSecure business may be unable to introduce new products and services in a timely manner.
◦ A disruption in the operations or supply chain of our CompoSecure business or the performance of its suppliers and/or development partners could adversely affect the business and financial results of our CompoSecure business.
◦ Security markets, including the market for authentication solutions, are rapidly evolving to address increasing and challenging cyber threats, including identity theft, and our CompoSecure business’ Arculus Authenticate solutions may not achieve widespread market acceptance.
◦ Regulatory changes or actions may restrict the use of the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet or digital assets in a manner that adversely affects the business, prospects or operations of our CompoSecure business.
◦ Production quality and manufacturing process disruptions could adversely affect our CompoSecure business.
• Risks Related to the Business of Husky
◦ The results of operations of the Husky business are reliant on unpredictable customer purchasing trends.
◦ Growth in emerging markets may impact the sales of the Husky business.
◦ There is no certainty that the Husky business will be able to manage fluctuations in raw materials.
◦ Failure of suppliers to deliver in a timely and cost-effective manner would adversely impact our operations.
◦ The significant international operations of the Husky business subject us to risks inherent in doing business in foreign jurisdictions.
◦ New or increased taxes or other governmental regulations targeted to decrease the consumption of certain type of beverages may adversely affect our Husky business.
• Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
◦ Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition, limit our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our indebtedness.
◦ We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
◦ Despite our high level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries are able to incur significant additional amounts of debt or we may pay dividends or make other payments in the future, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial financial leverage.
◦ Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
• General Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Securities
◦ Our only significant asset is our ownership of our subsidiaries’ businesses. If the businesses of our subsidiaries are not profitably operated, they may be unable to make distributions to enable us to pay any dividends on our common stock or satisfy our other financial obligations.
◦ Provisions in our certificate of incorporation (the "Charter") and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.
◦ We may be unable to satisfy the NYSE listing requirements in the future, which could limit investors’ ability to effect transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
◦ If our performance does not meet market expectations, the price of our securities may decline.
◦ Because certain significant stockholders control a significant percentage of our Class A Common Stock, such stockholders may influence major corporate decisions of the Company and our interests may conflict with the interests of other holders of our Class A Common Stock.
Investing in our securities involves risks. Before you make a decision to buy our securities, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth herein. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As a result, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. These disclosures reflect the Company’s beliefs and opinions as to factors that could materially and adversely affect the Company and its securities in the future. References to past events are provided by way of example only and are not intended to be a complete listing or a representation as to whether or not such factors have occurred in the past or their likelihood of occurring in the future. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this report, or in any document incorporated by reference herein, are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Businesses
Rapidly evolving domestic and global economic conditions are beyond our control and could materially adversely affect our business, operations, and results of operations.
U.S. and international markets may experience uncertain and volatile economic conditions. These conditions make it extremely difficult for us and our suppliers to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. Additionally, a significant downturn in the domestic or global economy may cause our existing customers to pause or delay orders and prospective customers to defer new projects. If these uncertain business, macroeconomic or political conditions continue or further decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate in the future.
We may not continue to achieve sales growth in the future and you should not consider our sales growth in fiscal 2025 as indicative of future performance. It is also possible that our growth rate may slow in future periods due to a number of factors, which may include slowing demand for our products, increased competition, decreasing growth of the overall market, or inability to engage and retain customers. If we are unable to maintain consistent sales or continue our sales growth, it may be difficult for us to maintain profitability.
Any failure by us to identify, manage, integrate and complete acquisitions and other significant transactions successfully could harm our financial results, business and prospects.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to, from time to time, seek to acquire businesses or interests in businesses, including non-controlling interests, or form joint ventures or create strategic alliances. The due diligence we undertake with respect to potential targets may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that are necessary or helpful in evaluating the potential target, and we will incur expenses in connection with performing such due diligence whether or not an acquisition is ultimately completed. Whether we realize the anticipated benefits from such activities may depend, in part, upon the successful integration between the businesses involved, the performance and development of the underlying products, capabilities or technologies, our correct assessment of assumed liabilities and the management of the operations. Accordingly, our financial results could be adversely affected by unanticipated performance and liability issues, our failure to achieve benefits we expected to obtain, transaction-related charges, amortization related to intangibles, and charges for impairment of long-term assets.
Our ability to realize the expected benefits of an acquisition may also be subject to, among other things, our ability to complete the timely integration of operations and systems, standards, controls, procedures, policies and technologies, difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects from the combination, difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex combined business, or difficulties in implementing our strategies, including the Resolute Operating System, at the acquired businesses.
Data and security breaches could compromise our systems and confidential information, cause reputational and financial damage, and increase risks of litigation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our information technology (“IT”) infrastructure’s ability to reliably and securely protect the sensitive confidential information of our customers, which include large financial institutions, is critical to our business. Security breaches have become more common across many industries. Cyber incidents have been increasing in sophistication, including through the use of novel tools and strategies such as those that leverage AI, and can include third parties gaining access to employee or customer data using stolen or inferred credentials, computer malware, viruses, spamming, phishing attacks, ransomware, card skimming code, and other deliberate attacks and attempts to gain unauthorized access. The occurrence of these types of incidents in our computer networks, databases or facilities could lead to the inappropriate use or disclosure of personal information, including sensitive personal information of customers and employees, which could harm our business and reputation, affect consumers’ confidence in our business and products, result in inquiries and or from regulatory or governmental authorities, cause a of customers, pose increased risks of lawsuits and subject us to potential financial .
Additionally, it is possible that unauthorized access to sensitive customer and business data may be obtained through inadequate use of security controls by our customers, suppliers or other vendors.
We have administrative, technical, and physical security measures in place, and we have policies and procedures in place to both evaluate the security protocols and practices of our vendors and to contractually require service providers to whom we disclose data to implement and maintain reasonable privacy and security measures. However, although cybersecurity remains a high priority, our activities and investment may not sufficiently protect our system or network against cyber threats, nor sufficiently prevent or limit the damage from any future security breaches. As our businesses expand and these threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these
breaches, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, integrate cybersecurity programs and systems across businesses, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These threats continue to increase as the frequency, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions increase around the world. In particular, ransomware attacks, including those from organized criminal threat actors, nation-states and nation-state supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe. For example, in March 2023, the Husky business experienced a cybersecurity incident involving unauthorized access to certain systems and the exfiltration of certain data. Following the incident, the Husky business undertook response and remediation actions, including engaging external advisors, investigating the incident, restoring affected systems, and security controls. In connection with the , the Husky business made a payment to the actor. Extortion payments may alleviate the impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be or to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting payments, and there is always a risk that the actor will not adhere to negotiated terms or that actors will initiate other attacks. Any cybersecurity , or or of our internal platform controls and system tools, even if , could result in potential legal liability and reputational to both the customers of our businesses and us, which could significantly and our business and reputation. In addition, if it becomes necessary for our businesses to further restrict the availability or use of platform controls and system tools by employees in response to any or , the ability of our businesses to deliver high-quality and timely customer support could be .
Although we maintain cyber liability insurance, this insurance may be subject to limitations, exclusions, deductibles or coverage disputes, and we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all. Furthermore, any material breach of our security systems could result in material adverse consequences, including operational disruptions, loss or unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information, harm to our competitive position, result in a loss of customer trust and confidence, result in reputational harm, lead to litigation, regulatory inquiries or enforcement actions, and cause us to incur significant costs to mitigate or remedy any damage resulting from system or network disruptions, whether caused by , security or otherwise, which could ultimately affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks associated with our technology systems, including system outages, data loss or others, could adversely affect our business and reputation.
The ability to efficiently execute and operate business functions and systems without interruption is critical to our business. A significant portion of the communication between our employees, customers, and suppliers rely upon our integrated and complex IT systems. We depend on the reliability of our IT infrastructure and software, and our ability to expand and innovate our technologies and technological processes in response to changing needs. A system outage or data loss or interruption could cause damage to our brand and reputation. Such operational interruptions could also cause us to become liable to third parties, including our customers. We must be able to protect our processing and other systems from interruption to successfully operate our business. In an effort to do so, we have taken preventative actions and adopted protective procedures to ensure the continuation of core business operations in the event that normal operations could not be performed because of events outside of our control. These actions and procedures taken and adopted by us may, however, prevent or limit the from future , if any, and any such could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, new technologies, such as the use of AI and machine learning, present evolving and significant legal and operational risks for us and our third-party vendors. We have begun to use AI and machine learning technologies, including those licensed from third parties, in our processes and technologies. Our ability to continue to use such technologies at the scale necessary may depend on our ability to increase our investments in such technologies, and on our access to specific third-party software and infrastructure, some of which may not be available on terms we find commercially acceptable or at all. The availability of these tools is also subject to disruption, outages and vulnerabilities, and our use of these tools may subject us to additional risks, including
misuse, information loss, reputational harm, intellectual property risks, and others. There can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our strategies or initiatives, or enhance our products or services.
Our inability to safeguard against misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property may adversely affect our business.
Our patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights are critical to our business. Our ability to safeguard our proprietary product designs and production processes against misappropriation by third parties is necessary to maintain our competitive position within our industry. Therefore, we routinely enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and strategic partners to limit access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information in an effort to safeguard our proprietary rights and trade secrets. However, such efforts may not adequately protect our intellectual property against infringement and misappropriation by unauthorized third parties. Such third parties could interfere with our relationships with customers if successful in attempts to misappropriate our proprietary information or copy our products designs, or portions thereof. Additionally, because some of our customers purchase products on a purchase order basis and not pursuant to a detailed written contract, where we do not have the of written protections with respect to certain intellectual property terms beyond standard terms and conditions, we may be to potential of our intellectual property rights. Enforcing our intellectual property rights use may be expensive and cause us to incur significant costs, all of which could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There is no assurance that our existing or future patents will not be , or otherwise . The patents and intellectual property rights we obtain, including our intellectual property rights which are formally registered in the United States and abroad, may be to provide meaningful protection or commercial . Moreover, we may have obtaining additional patents and other intellectual property protections in the future. patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which we provide our products or services. Any of the foregoing factors may have a material effect on our business.
We may incur substantial costs because of litigation or other proceedings relating to patents and other intellectual property rights.
Companies in the industries in which we operate have commenced litigation to properly protect their intellectual property rights. Any proceedings or litigation that we initiate to enforce our intellectual property rights, or any intellectual property litigation asserted against us, could be costly and divert the attention of managerial and other personnel and further, could result in an adverse judgment or other determination that could preclude us from enforcing our intellectual property rights or offering some of our products to our customers. Royalty or other payments arising in settlements could negatively impact our profit margins and financial results. If we are unable to successfully defend against claims that we have the intellectual property rights of others, we may need to indemnify some customers and strategic partners related to that our products the intellectual property rights of others. Additionally, some of our customers, suppliers and licensors may not be obligated to indemnify us for the full costs and expenses of . We may also be required to of the intellectual property rights of third parties because our products contain technologies properly sourced from suppliers or customers. We may be to determine in a timely manner or at all whether such intellectual property use the rights of third parties. Any such or other proceedings could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our long-lived assets represent a significant portion of our total assets, and their full value may never be realized.
We review other long-lived assets for impairment on an as-needed basis and when circumstances, alterations, or other events indicate that an asset group or carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Examples of these other long-lived assets include intangible but identifiable assets and plant, equipment, and leasehold improvements. Such write-downs of long-lived assets may result from a drop in future expected cash flows and worsening performance, among other factors. If we must write-down long-lived assets, we record the appropriate charge, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
If tariffs and other restrictions on imported goods are imposed by the U.S. government, our revenue and operations may be materially and adversely affected.
A portion of the raw materials used by our businesses to manufacture the products they produce are obtained, directly or indirectly, from companies located outside of the United States. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries with respect to trade policies and tariffs. Recently, tariffs have been imposed on imports from certain countries outside of the United States. For example, the Trump administration has instituted substantial changes to U.S. foreign trade policy with respect to China and other countries, including a significant increase in tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., and has signaled possibly imposing further restrictions on international trade. As a result, further trade restrictions and/or tariffs may be forthcoming. Certain international trade agreements may also be at risk, as the current U.S. administration has voiced some opposition in respect thereof. These factors may stagnate the economy, impact relationships with and access to suppliers, increase the costs of certain raw materials we purchase, and/or materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These and future tariffs, as well as any other global trade developments, bring with them uncertainty. We cannot predict future changes to imports covered by tariffs or which countries will be included or excluded from such tariffs. The reactions of other countries and resulting actions on the United States and similarly situated companies could impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The adoption of new tax legislation could affect our financial performance.
We are subject to income and other taxes in the United States. Our effective tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by changes in tax laws. More generally, it is possible that U.S. federal income or other tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws will change. It is difficult to predict whether and when there will be tax law changes having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our accounting is complex, and if it is erroneous or based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and also to apply many complex requirements and standards, some of which require significant judgment. We devote substantial resources to compliance with accounting requirements and we base our estimates on our best judgment, historical experience, information derived from third parties, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. However, various factors cause our accounting to become complex, including the management of our businesses by Resolute Holdings. Our operating results may be adversely affected if we make accounting errors or our judgments prove to be wrong, assumptions change or actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, or if we are required to make changes in the presentation of our financial statements due to the foregoing factors or otherwise, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors or guidance we may have provided, resulting in a decline in our stock price and potential legal .
Risks Related to the Management Agreements
Our businesses are managed for a fee by Resolute Holdings, which has substantial influence over our businesses, operations and strategy and upon which our businesses are heavily reliant.
Pursuant to the CompoSecure Management Agreement and the Husky Management Agreement (together, the "Management Agreements"), Resolute Holdings exercises substantial influence over our CompoSecure and Husky businesses, including being responsible for, among other things: establishing and monitoring business objectives, financing activities and operating performance; selecting and overseeing the management team and their operating performance; reviewing and approving compensation and benefit plans, programs, policies and
agreements, including with respect to any grants of equity awards to persons providing services; devising capital allocation strategies, plans and policies; setting budget parameters and expense guidelines and monitoring compliance therewith; identifying, analyzing and overseeing the consummation of business opportunities and potential acquisitions, dispositions and other business combinations; originating and recommending opportunities to form or acquire, and structuring and managing, any joint ventures; leading or overseeing negotiations with potential participants in any business opportunity under consideration and determining (or delegating to any officer of Holdings and Husky Holdings, as applicable, the decision to determine) if and when to proceed; engaging and supervising independent contractors and third-party service providers; reviewing and approving compensation and benefit plans, programs, policies and agreements; communicating with the holders of any securities (i) as required to satisfy any reporting and other requirements of any governmental authority having jurisdiction over Holdings and Husky Holdings, as applicable, and (ii) to maintain effective relations with such holders; overseeing all claims, or (including all , arbitration, settlement or other proceedings or negotiations) (other than with Resolute Holdings or its affiliates); counselling Holdings and Husky Holdings, as applicable, in connection with decisions required by Delaware law to be made by the Company's Board; and performing such other services from time to time in connection with the management of the business and affairs of Holdings and Husky Holdings, as applicable, and their activities as the Company's Board shall reasonably request and/or Resolute Holdings shall deem appropriate under the particular circumstances, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, federal securities laws, the NYSE listing rules and any other applicable rules and regulations.
Determinations by Resolute Holdings with respect to these matters will impact our day-to-day business and operations, our strategy, and the manner in which we present our results and operations to our stockholders, all of which may change at the discretion of Resolute Holdings. We have also delegated by resolution of the Company's Board authority to approve issuances of our equity for M&A and equity awards, and we have agreed to issue the Company's equity pursuant to those delegations, which could result in existing holders of our Class A Common Stock experiencing dilution.
The success of our business depends on the ability of Resolute Holdings to effectively manage our business and operations. We rely heavily on the skill and expertise of Resolute Holdings and its management team, particularly David Cote and Thomas Knott. The extent and nature of the experience of Mr. Cote, Mr. Knott and Resolute Holdings’ other personnel and the nature of the relationships they have with external contacts, although not guarantees of positive results, are critical to the success of our business. Personnel of Resolute Holdings, including its directors and executive officers, can be replaced or added over time or be required to recuse themselves or otherwise be restricted from participating in their duties, which may impact Resolute Holdings' performance when managing our business and operations. Additionally, while we believe that Resolute Holdings has access to the resources, relationships, and expertise necessary to manage our business, there can be no assurance that such resources, relationships, and expertise will be available in the future.
The Management Agreements do not create a mutually exclusive relationship between Holdings, Husky Holdings, and Resolute Holdings.
The Management Agreements and the obligations thereunder to provide Holdings and Husky Holdings with management services do not create a mutually exclusive relationship between Resolute Holdings, on the one hand, and any of the companies that Resolute Holdings manages, including Holdings and Husky Holdings, on the other. The allocation of Resolute Holdings’ resources is within Resolute Holdings’ sole discretion, and the resources of Resolute Holdings are not required to be, nor are they, fully dedicated to our business and operations. Resolute Holdings is responsible for its own business activities and, as a result, not all of the business time of Resolute Holdings’ personnel will be devoted to our business. Furthermore, we expect that Resolute Holdings will from time to time pursue new business activities, including the management of additional businesses. Accordingly, in addition to the management of Holdings and Husky Holdings, Resolute Holdings may alternatively focus its efforts on the business(es) of one or more of its other managed companies, the pursuit of additional management agreements with additional managed companies, other strategies, or a combination thereof, each of which could require Resolute Holdings to divert some of its personnel's time and attention away from the management of our business.
The Management Agreements may each be terminated by Resolute Holdings, on the one hand, or Holdings and Husky Holdings, on the other hand, as applicable, and a termination fee may be payable in certain circumstances.
The Management Agreements each have an initial term of 10 years, following which each will be subject to automatic renewal for successive 10-year periods. Resolute Holdings may terminate either the CompoSecure Management Agreement or the Husky Management Agreement for any reason upon 180 days’ notice before the last day of the initial term or a renewal term, and no termination fee would be payable upon such termination. Each of Holdings or Husky Holdings, as applicable, and Resolute Holdings may terminate its respective Management Agreement upon the occurrence of certain other limited events, and in connection with certain of these limited events, Resolute Holdings has the right to require Holdings or Husky Holdings, as applicable, to pay a termination fee. The termination fee that may become payable by us in connection with these events could be significant and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, or if paid all or partially in shares of our Class A Common Stock, could result in significant dilution to the holders of our Class A Common Stock. We can offer no assurance that Resolute Holdings will continue to manage our business and provide services to us in the future or that we will continue to have access to Resolute Holdings’ personnel. The of services or departure of one or more members of Resolute Holdings’ management team could affect our financial performance, business, and results of operations. See “Business—History & Structure.”
Resolute Holdings maintains a contractual as opposed to a fiduciary relationship with Holdings and Husky Holdings, and has limited liability under its respective Management Agreement for which it may be indemnified.
Neither of the Management Agreements imposes on Resolute Holdings an express or implied fiduciary duty to Holdings, Husky Holdings, any of its respective controlled affiliates or any holders of equity or voting interests in Holdings or Husky Holdings or such controlled affiliates, and under such Management Agreement, Resolute Holdings does not assume any responsibility other than to render to Holdings or to Husky Holdings the services called for thereunder in good faith. Under the terms of the respective Management Agreement, Resolute Holdings and its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees, managers, trustees, control persons, partners, stockholders and equity holders (collectively, the “Resolute Holdings Indemnified Parties”) are not liable to Holdings or to Husky Holdings or to us or our stockholders, for any acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to, or in furtherance of, the respective Management Agreement. Holdings and Husky Holdings has each agreed to indemnify the Resolute Holdings Indemnified Parties with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any nature whatsoever (excluding certain limited documented and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with investigating, preparing or any acts or by Holdings or Husky Holdings, respectively, or its respective officers, employees or affiliates performed in accordance with, pursuant to or in furtherance of the applicable Management Agreement) arising from any acts or performed in faith in accordance with, pursuant to, or in furtherance of such Management Agreement and not constituting faith, , willful , gross or of duties, performed or not performed in faith in accordance with and pursuant to such Management Agreement. Accordingly, under the management of Resolute Holdings, our business may experience performance or or incur expenses for which Resolute Holdings will not be liable.
We may have conflicts of interest with Resolute Holdings and its other affiliates.
In addition to providing management services to each of Holdings and Husky Holdings, Resolute Holdings may provide management services to other companies, including those that are in the same or similar lines of business as ours. Moreover, some of our executive officers and/or directors, including David Cote and Thomas Knott, are also executive officers and/or directors of Resolute Holdings and may serve in similar positions at other companies managed by Resolute Holdings. As a result, certain of our directors may have duties to Resolute Holdings which duties could conflict with the duties they owe to us, which could require them to recuse themselves from certain determinations, and could result in action or inaction that is detrimental to our business. In addition, we may from time to time have conflicts of interest with Resolute Holdings in its management of our business as operated through Holdings, which may arise primarily from the involvement of Resolute Holdings and its affiliates in other activities that may conflict with our business, including conflicts between our business activities as operated through Holdings and the business activities of other companies managed by Resolute Holdings. Under the Management Agreements, Resolute Holdings and its affiliates are permitted to engage in such activities, and Resolute Holdings and its affiliates' engagement in such activities may not be to us and may be to our interests. These and other potential of interest between us and Resolute Holdings and its affiliates could have an effect on the operation of our business.
Risks Related to the Business of CompoSecure
Failure to retain existing customers or identify and attract new customers could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
The two largest customers of our CompoSecure business are JPMorgan Chase and American Express. Together, these customers represented approximately 55% and 62% of the net sales of our CompoSecure business for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The ability of our CompoSecure business to meet customers’ high-quality standards in a timely manner is critical to its business success. If our CompoSecure business is unable to provide its products and services at high quality and in a timely manner, its customer relationships may be adversely affected, which could result in the loss of customers.
The ability of our CompoSecure business to maintain relationships with customers or attract new customers may be affected by several factors beyond its control, including more attractive product offerings from competitors, widespread industry disruptions (such as adverse crypto market disruptions where failures, cybersecurity incidents, fraud or regulatory actions involving other digital asset companies reduce consumer confidence in digital assets generally and thereby could reduce demand for our CompoSecure business' Arculus products, adoption or enactment of new legislation or agency rules, and the outcomes of regulatory enforcement actions and other major litigation), pricing pressures or the financial health of these customers, many of whom operate in competitive businesses and depend on favorable macroeconomic conditions. In addition, our CompoSecure business may also be limited in the products it can offer and the pricing it can receive for such products due to restrictions present in certain of its customer contracts, which may negatively impact its ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers. If our CompoSecure business experiences retaining customers and attracting new customers, its business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and affected.
Commercializing new products can be a lengthy and complex process. If our CompoSecure business is unable to introduce new products and services in a timely manner, its business could be materially adversely affected.
The markets for the products and services of our CompoSecure business are subject to technological changes, frequent introductions of new products and services and evolving industry standards. The process for developing innovative or technologically enhanced products can deplete time, money and resources, and requires the ability to accurately forecast technological, market and industry trends. For example, our CompoSecure business has historically focused on the payment card industry, but it is a new entrant into the digital assets industry. In order to achieve successful technical execution of new products, our CompoSecure business may need to undertake time-consuming and expensive research and development activities, which could negatively impact the servicing of its existing customers. Our CompoSecure business may also experience difficult market conditions, such as the recent widespread disruptions in the digital asset industry, that could delay or prevent the successful research and development, marketing launches and consumer deployment of such newly designed products, whereby our CompoSecure business could incur significant additional cost and expense. If the products and solutions derived from the Arculus platform to market acceptance, the ability of our CompoSecure business to future growth could be significantly . In addition, competitors may develop and commercialize competing products faster and more than our CompoSecure business is to do so, which could further impact its business.
The product and service offerings of our CompoSecure business could be rendered obsolete if it is unable to develop and introduce innovative products in a cost-effective and timely manner. Other developing or unforeseen technology solutions and products could render our CompoSecure business’ existing products unpopular, irrelevant or obsolete altogether.
The ability of our CompoSecure business to develop and deliver new products and services successfully will depend on various factors, including its ability to: effectively identify and capitalize upon opportunities in new and emerging product markets; invest resources in innovation and research and development; develop and implement new processes for the manufacture or offer of new products or services; complete and introduce new products and integrated services solutions in a timely manner; license any required third-party technology or intellectual property rights; qualify for and obtain required industry certification for its products; and retain and hire talent experienced in developing new products and services. The business and growth of our CompoSecure business also depend in part on the success of its strategic relationships with third parties, including technology partners or other technology companies whose products are integrated with its products. Failure of any of these technology companies to maintain, support or secure their technology platforms in general, and its integrations in particular, or
errors or defects in their technologies or products, could adversely affect the relationships of our CompoSecure business with its customers, damage its brand and reputation, and could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Disruptions at our CompoSecure business’ primary production facility may adversely affect the business, results of operations and/or financial condition of our CompoSecure business.
A substantial portion of our CompoSecure business’ manufacturing capacity is located at its primary production facility. Any serious disruption at such facility could impair the ability of our CompoSecure business to manufacture enough products to meet customer demand, and could increase its costs and expenses and adversely affect its revenues. Its other facilities may not have the requisite equipment or sufficient capacity, may have higher costs and expenses, or may experience significant delays to adequately increase production to satisfactorily meet its customers’ expectations or requirements. Long-term production disruptions may cause its customers to modify their payment card programs to use plastic cards or to seek an alternative supply of metal cards. Any such production disruptions could adversely impact the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
A disruption in the operations or supply chain of our CompoSecure business or the performance of its suppliers, liquidity partners and/or development partners could adversely affect the business and financial results of our CompoSecure business.
As a company engaged in manufacturing and distribution, our CompoSecure business is subject to the risks inherent in such activities, including disruptions or delays in supply chain or information technology, product quality control, as well as other external factors over which our CompoSecure business has no control. Some of the key components used in the manufacture of its products are metals, NFC-enabled chips and EMV chips, which our CompoSecure business sources from several key suppliers. Our CompoSecure business obtains its components from multiple suppliers located in the United States and abroad, on a purchase order basis. Changes in the financial or business condition of its suppliers and/or development partners could subject our CompoSecure business to losses or adversely affect its ability to bring products to market. Additionally, the failure of its suppliers and/or development partners to comply with applicable standards, perform as expected, and deliver goods and services in a timely manner in sufficient quantities could adversely affect our CompoSecure business’ customer service levels and overall business. Any increases in the costs of goods and services for our CompoSecure business may also affect its profit margins particularly if it is to higher price increases or otherwise increase cost or operational to offset the higher costs.
Additionally, our CompoSecure business partners with third-party providers to offer certain Arculus-related services to its customers, including functionality that depends on third-party service providers, such as transaction execution platforms, liquidity providers and on/off ramps. If any of these third parties experiences operational interference or disruptions, fails to perform its obligations and meet the expectations of our CompoSecure business, experiences a cybersecurity incident, becomes insolvent, fails to comply with applicable regulatory and/or licensing requirements which may evolve over time, is subject to regulatory enforcement proceedings concerning their operations or terminates their services, our CompoSecure business could be forced to restrict or discontinue certain Arculus features, including support for certain purchase and swap transactions. This could disrupt the operations of the Arculus solutions, harm our users and materially and affect our business.
Furthermore, to the extent the customers of our CompoSecure business interact with third-party custodians, exchanges or other partners to purchase, swap or hold digital assets, they may face additional risks. The legal treatment of custodied digital assets in the event of a third-party partner's insolvency or bankruptcy is uncertain. Courts have not yet definitively determined whether such assets would be considered part of the custodian's bankruptcy estate. As a result, in the event of a third-party partner's failure, customers could face delayed or lost access to their digital assets, and our CompoSecure business could face reputational harm, regulatory scrutiny and potential claims, even if it does not custody these digital assets itself.
The future growth of our CompoSecure business may depend upon its ability to develop and introduce new products.
Security markets, including the market for authentication solutions, are rapidly evolving to address increasing and challenging cyber threats, including identity theft, and our CompoSecure business’ Arculus Authenticate solutions may not achieve widespread market acceptance. In addition, there is a risk that the Arculus Authenticate solutions may not provide protection against all or a sufficient amount of the ever-changing security vulnerabilities, exploits or cyber attacks.
Cybersecurity markets are experiencing significant and fast-paced technological change, evolving industry standards and customer needs. Arculus Authenticate solutions represent an innovative approach to identity protection, and may not achieve widespread market acceptance. Other methods, technologies, products or services may offer similar or better authentication solutions than our CompoSecure business’ hardware authentication solutions. If our CompoSecure business is unable to adapt to such changes, its ability to compete effectively may be adversely impacted, which could have a negative effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of our CompoSecure business. In addition, there is a risk that the Arculus Authenticate solutions may not provide protection against all or a sufficient amount of the ever-changing security vulnerabilities, exploits or cyber attacks. Internal and external factors, including possible defects in our CompoSecure business’ products, or system failures in services provided by third parties for use with Arculus Authenticate solutions, could cause our CompoSecure business’ products and/or services to become to security attacks which could result in the of identity protection for businesses and consumers. There is, therefore, a risk that the hardware authentication products of our CompoSecure business could become evolving cybersecurity . Any such developments, real or perceived, may have a impact on the reputation of our CompoSecure business, which could have a effect upon its business, financial condition or results of operations.
Digital asset storage systems, such as the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet, are subject to potential illegal misuse, risks related to a loss of funds due to theft of digital assets, security and cybersecurity risks, system failures and other operational issues, which could cause damage to the reputation and brand of our CompoSecure business.
Digital assets have the potential to be used for financial crimes or other illegal activities. Even if our CompoSecure business complies with all laws and regulations, it has no ability to ensure that its customers, partners or others to whom it licenses or sells its products and services comply with all laws and regulations applicable to them and their transactions. Any negative publicity our CompoSecure business receives regarding any allegations of unlawful uses of the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet could damage the reputation of the CompoSecure business and such damage could be material and adverse, including to aspects of its business that are unrelated to the Arculus platform. More generally, any negative publicity regarding unlawful uses of digital assets in the marketplace could materially reduce the demand for our CompoSecure business’ products and solutions derived from the Arculus platform.
The Arculus Cold Storage Wallet uses an architecture where the private keys needed to access digital assets are stored outside of the Internet. Through the use of the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet, our CompoSecure business’ three-factor authentication technology may be able to increase the safety of users’ assets during storage, as compared to storing such digital assets in a hot storage wallet, which is constantly connected to the internet. Further, digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public and private keys relating to the local or online digital wallet in which they are held, which wallet’s public key or address is reflected in the public network. There is no guarantee that these security measures or any that our CompoSecure business may develop in the future will be effective. Notwithstanding the increased security of the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet as compared to a hot storage wallet system, any loss of private keys, or hack or other compromise or failure of, the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet and its security features could materially and adversely affect the ability of our CompoSecure business’ customers to access or sell their digital assets and could cause significant reputational harm to our CompoSecure business’ Arculus Cold Storage Wallet business, which could have a material effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
Regulatory changes or actions may restrict the use of the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet or digital assets in a manner that adversely affects the business, prospects or operations of our CompoSecure business.
Regulatory uncertainty surrounds the digital asset environment, and the regulatory classification of such digital assets.
As digital assets have grown in both popularity and market size, the regulatory approach by governments worldwide has varied significantly, with some deeming them illegal and others permitting their use and trade under specified conditions. Currently, there is no uniformly applicable legal or regulatory regime governing digital assets in most jurisdictions, including in the U.S.
The occurrence of adverse market events, such as bankruptcies of prominent digital asset entities (like FTX), may increase regulatory scrutiny and may prompt new compliance requirements that could adversely affect the ability of our CompoSecure business to develop and offer digital asset-related services and products, such as the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet, or impose significant costs on our CompoSecure business.
In the U.S., the legal and regulatory landscape applicable to digital assets remains uncertain, with overlapping authority existing between and among various U.S. federal agencies, including the CFTC and SEC. This regulatory overlap contributes to ongoing legal and regulatory ambiguity, particularly concerning whether and, if so, when certain transactions in digital assets constitute transactions in securities.
U.S. regulators, courts and lawmakers alike are grappling with these questions, and the legal landscape remains uncertain.
While the SEC has brought multiple enforcement actions against digital asset projects, including trading platforms that the SEC believes were operating, among other things, as unregistered exchanges, thus far, such cases have not resolved the legal uncertainty in the U.S. concerning digital assets, including questions concerning the very application of the U.S. federal securities laws to digital assets and digital asset-related activities, including in the secondary trading market. Several of such recent enforcement actions are court cases that remain ongoing and, to the extent that courts have rendered opinions, those opinions, and the reasoning in support of them, have not necessarily been consistent with one another.
While actions taken by President Trump following his January 2025 inauguration have appeared to signal the beginning of a much more favorable U.S. governmental approach to digital assets, legal and regulatory uncertainty remains, including concerning the regulatory characterization and treatment of various digital asset-related products, services, platforms, markets and activities, including decentralized finance (“DeFi”) and decentralized autonomous organizations (“DAOs”), all of which have drawn attention of regulators and private plaintiffs in recent years.
Laws and regulations regarding digital asset management, if enacted and found to be applicable to our CompoSecure business, may require it to modify its products and services and could adversely affect its business.
In addition to the U.S. regulatory questions before the courts, multiple Congressional digital asset-related bills have been published, including some with a focus on digital asset market structure. While multiple bills describe joint oversight by the SEC and CFTC over the digital assets markets and focus on market structure, at this time, it is unclear whether any of these bills ultimately will become law. Even if any such bill becomes law, its implementation may will require significant follow-on rulemaking by U.S. federal agencies. In addition, such laws may be inconsistent with, may conflict with or may be less favorable to the digital asset industry and to the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet and Arculus solutions than the guidance currently or previously announced by such U.S. federal regulators.
In addition, following passage of any such digital asset related laws, such laws may be amended, repealed or even replaced by future laws. For instance, the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (the “GENIUS Act”), the first comprehensive, U.S. federal law concerning permitted payment stablecoins, was signed into law in July 2025. The GENIUS Act directs certain U.S. federal regulators, including banking regulators, to promulgate implementing rules and regulations; however, no such final rules or regulations have yet been adopted. In addition, current negotiation by Congress of digital asset market structure legislation includes calls by some U.S. federal lawmakers to revisit or modify terms of the GENIUS Act, including concerning whether yield may be paid on stablecoins. As such, the full legal landscape applicable to stablecoins remains uncertain.
Furthermore, to the extent that the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet or any other Arculus solution supports any stablecoins, the customers of our CompoSecure business may be exposed to risks specific to such digital assets. These include the risk that a stablecoin issuer fails to maintain sufficient reserve assets to back the stablecoin, or that failures by banks or other counterparties holding those reserves could cause the stablecoin to lose its value or “de-peg” from its reference asset, exposing users to losses. As described above, the regulatory landscape for stablecoins is evolving rapidly, which could impose significant new compliance costs on our CompoSecure business and its partners. Additionally, if a stablecoin supported by any of the Arculus solutions is alleged to be used for illicit activity, our CompoSecure business could suffer reputational harm.
Following the election of President Trump, the SEC and the CFTC have published guidance, including in the form of certain no-action relief, concerning the application of U.S. federal laws governing commodities and securities to digital assets. In the absence of a comprehensive U.S. federal law governing digital assets market structure, however, such agency guidance and any forthcoming rules and regulations could be subject to litigation, including potential allegations that such agencies exceeded their statutory authority when issuing or promulgating such guidance.
Moreover, given recent geopolitical conflict and instability, certain U.S. legislators and regulators have signaled heightened concerns about national security and the importance of “know your customer” (“KYC”), anti-money laundering (“AML”), counter financing of terrorism (“CFT”) and sanctions checks and compliance, including concerns about potential use by certain terrorist groups of digital assets to fund their operations or evade U.S. sanctions. In addition to the introduction of potential digital asset-focused legislation in Congress aimed at addressing such concerns, regulators have focused on enforcement. In 2022 and 2023, OFAC sanctioned digital assets market participants alleged to have supported sanctioned countries and/or terrorist operations, and, in 2023, the U.S. Treasury’s FinCEN, pursuant to seldom-used powers granted to it under Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act, designated an entire class of transactions, namely transactions associated with digital asset mixers, as being of primary money laundering concern. At present, as a result of concerning the virtual currency mixer known as Tornado Cash, uncertainty exists concerning the ability of OFAC to impose sanctions in the digital asset space.
In addition, the U.S. Treasury, the IRS and other agencies also continue to consider and propose new rules and guidance applicable to digital assets, such as regulations on tax information reporting and withholding obligations, potential implementation of a global standard to improve tax compliance and IRS access to information concerning U.S. taxpayers’ digital asset-related transactions outside of the U.S. Complying with these and other new reporting rules may require substantial investment in new compliance processes and systems, and any failure to comply could expose our CompoSecure business or its partners to potential taxes and penalties.
In addition to a lack of clarity at the U.S. federal level, the various U.S. states and the District of Columbia take a variety of differing approaches to digital asset regulation and legislation, which may not be consistent with the positions of other U.S. states or other jurisdictions, or with the U.S. federal government’s approach. For that reason, even if the U.S. federal government under the Trump administration takes a more crypto-friendly stance to digital asset regulations, that does not necessarily mean that U.S. states or other jurisdictions will adopt a consistent or similar approach.
In sum, the U.S. federal regulators and courts, and various U.S. state and non-U.S. regulators, are still developing their frameworks for regulating digital assets. If our CompoSecure business is found to have supported purchase and swap transactions in the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet for digital assets which subsequently are determined to be securities, it is possible that our CompoSecure business could be viewed as inadvertently acting as an unlicensed broker-dealer which could subject our CompoSecure business to, among other things, regulatory enforcement actions, censure, monetary fines, restrictions on the conduct of its Arculus activities and/or rescission/damages claims by customers who use the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet. The failure of our CompoSecure business to comply with applicable laws or regulations, or the costs associated with defending any action alleging its noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations, could materially and adversely affect our CompoSecure business and its results of operations.
Further, a particular digital asset’s status as a “security” or other regulatory investment or the treatment of digital currency for tax purposes, in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and potential inconsistency across regulatory regimes, and if our CompoSecure business is unable to properly characterize a
digital asset or assess its tax treatment, our CompoSecure business may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, and other penalties, which may adversely affect the business, operating results, and financial condition of our CompoSecure business.
In order to determine whether a particular digital asset is a security (or whether transactions in such digital assets would constitute an offer or sale of a security), prior to supporting purchase and swap transactions on the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet in such digital asset, our CompoSecure business relies upon legal and regulatory analysis of legal counsel with expertise in the digital asset industry. While the methodology that our CompoSecure business has used, and expects to continue to use, to determine if purchase and swap transactions in a digital asset will be supported in the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet is ultimately a risk-based assessment, it does not preclude legal or regulatory action based on the presence of a security, including actions by state authorities or private plaintiffs. At present, certain high-profile securities class actions remain before courts in the U.S. While, in the absence of fraud or crime, the SEC’s stance under the current Presidential administration appears to have shifted away from digital asset-related enforcement efforts, and key SEC staff have attempted to clarify certain circumstances under which they believe that transactions in digital assets would not constitute transactions in securities, the case law precedent in the U.S. is not necessarily favorable to digital asset market participants or consistent with such changed SEC views. As such, risks remain that courts in the U.S. may rule in ways that are not consistent with, or that may with, current SEC views concerning regulations of digital assets.
Because the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet may facilitate purchase and swap transactions in digital assets that could be classified as transactions in “securities,” our CompoSecure business may be subject to additional risk because such digital assets are subject to heightened scrutiny, including under customer protection, anti-money laundering, counter terrorism financing and sanctions regulations. To the extent the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet supports purchase and swap transactions in any digital assets that are deemed to be securities under any of the laws of the U.S. or another jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences. To counter such risks, our CompoSecure business may have to remove Arculus Cold Storage Wallet support for purchase and swap transactions in certain digital assets if and when such digital assets are designated as securities, which could hurt sales of its Arculus products and services. Alternatively, our CompoSecure business may be required to partner with third-party registered securities broker/dealers to facilitate securities trading by Arculus customers, and our CompoSecure business may be unsuccessful in efforts to establish such a partnership.
In addition, our CompoSecure business does not currently intend to effect or otherwise facilitate trading in securities by its Arculus customers through the use of its Arculus Cold Storage Wallet if such activities would require the use of a registered broker-dealer or investment adviser. Despite implementing policies and procedures to monitor compliance with relevant laws, with a goal of ensuring that its Arculus activities do not result in our CompoSecure business inadvertently acting as an unregistered broker-dealer or investment advisor, our CompoSecure business cannot assure that these measures will be completely effective. Should regulators challenge the stance of our CompoSecure business regarding its non-obligations under various securities regulations, this could have a material and adverse impact on the operations of our CompoSecure business. If our CompoSecure business is found by relevant regulatory agencies to have inadvertently acted as an unregistered broker-dealer with respect to purchase and swap transactions in particular digital assets, our CompoSecure business would expect to immediately cease supporting purchase and swap transactions in those digital assets unless and until either the digital asset at issue is determined by the SEC or a judicial ruling to not be a security, or our CompoSecure business partners with a third-party registered broker-dealer or investment adviser, acquires a registered broker-dealer or investment adviser or registers as a securities broker-dealer or investment adviser, any of which our CompoSecure business may elect not to do or may not be in doing. For any period of time during which our CompoSecure business is found to have acted as an unregistered broker-dealer or investment adviser, our CompoSecure business could be subject to, among other things, regulatory enforcement actions, monetary , , restrictions on the conduct of its Arculus activities and/or rescission/ by customers who use the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet. The of our CompoSecure business to comply with applicable laws or regulations, or the costs associated with any action our CompoSecure business’ with applicable laws or regulations, could materially and affect our CompoSecure business and its results of operations.
Our CompoSecure business believes the storage and peer-to-peer/send & receive functionality provided by the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet does not involve any purchase, sale or other transaction effected by our
CompoSecure business (or any party other than the sender and the recipient). Further, our CompoSecure business is not compensated for such user-directed activities. However, regulators may determine that user-directed peer-to-peer transfers using the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet, or other Arculus-related activities would require registration and compliance with broker-dealer and/or securities exchange regulations.
Regulatory risks of operating as an unregistered exchange or as part of an unregistered exchange mechanism
Any venue that brings together purchasers and sellers of digital assets that are characterized as securities in the United States is generally subject to registration as a national securities exchange, or must qualify for an exemption, such as by being operated by a registered broker-dealer as an alternative trading system (or ATS). To the extent that any venue accessed via the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet is not so registered (or appropriately exempt), our CompoSecure business may be unable to permit continued support for purchase and swap transactions for digital assets that become subject to characterization as securities and due to operation of an unregistered exchange or as part of an unregistered exchange mechanism, our CompoSecure business could be subject to significant monetary penalties, censure or other actions that may have a material and adverse effect on our CompoSecure business. While our CompoSecure business does not believe that the Arculus Cold Storage Wallet, which facilitates purchase and swap transactions in certain digital assets, is itself a securities exchange or ATS or is part of an unregistered exchange mechanism, regulators may determine that this is the case, and our CompoSecure business would then be required to register as a securities exchange or qualify and register as an ATS, either of which could cause our CompoSecure business to discontinue its purchase and swap support for such digital assets or otherwise limit or modify Arculus Cold Storage Wallet functionality or access.
Production quality and manufacturing process disruptions could adversely affect our CompoSecure business.
The products and technological processes of our CompoSecure business are highly complex, require specialized equipment to manufacture and are subject to strict tolerances and requirements. Our CompoSecure business has experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, production disruptions due to machinery or technology failures, or as a result of external factors such as delays or quality control issues regarding materials provided by its suppliers. Utilities interruption or other factors beyond the control of our CompoSecure business like natural disasters may also cause production disruptions. Such disruptions can reduce product yields and product quality, or interrupt or halt production altogether. Any such event could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
The failure of our CompoSecure business to operate in compliance with the security standards of the payment card industry or other industry standards applicable to its customers, such as payment networks certification standards, could adversely affect our CompoSecure business.
Many customers of our CompoSecure business issue their cards on the payment networks that are subject to the security standards of the payment card industry or other standards and criteria relating to product specifications and supplier facility physical and logical security that our CompoSecure business must satisfy in order to be eligible to supply products and services to such customers. The contractual arrangements of our CompoSecure business with its customers may be terminated if it fails to comply with these standards and criteria.
Our CompoSecure business make significant investments in its facilities in order to meet these industry standards, including investments required to satisfy changes adopted from time to time in industry standards. Our CompoSecure business may become ineligible to provide products and services to its customers if it is unable to continue to meet these standards. Many of the products and services of our CompoSecure business are subject to certification with one or more of the payment networks. Our CompoSecure business may lose the ability to produce cards for or provide services to banks issuing credit or debit cards on the payment networks if it were to lose its certification from one or more of the payment networks or payment card industry certification for one or more of its facilities. If our CompoSecure business is not able to produce cards for or provide services to any or all of the issuers issuing debit or credit cards on such payment networks, it could lose a substantial number of its customers, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business.
Product liability and warranty claims and their associated costs may adversely affect our CompoSecure business.
The nature of our CompoSecure business’ products is highly complex. As a result, our CompoSecure business cannot guarantee that defects will not occur from time to time. Our CompoSecure business may incur extensive costs as a result of these defects and any resulting claims. For example, product recalls, writing down defective inventory, replacing defective items, lost sales or profits, and third-party claims can all give rise to costs incurred by us. We may also face liability for judgments and/or damages in connection with product liability and warranty claims. CompoSecure business’ reputation could be damaged if defective products are sold into the marketplace, which could result in further lost sales and profits. To the extent that our CompoSecure business relies on purchase orders to govern its commercial relationships with its customers, it may not have specifically negotiated the allocation of risk for product liability obligations. Instead, our CompoSecure business typically relies on warranties and of liability included in its standard forms of order acceptance, invoice and other contract documents with its customers. Similarly, our CompoSecure business obtains products and services from suppliers, some of which also use purchase order documents which may include on product liability obligations with respect to their products and services. As a result, our CompoSecure business may bear all or a significant portion of any product liability obligations rather than transferring this risk to its customers. The reputation of our CompoSecure business would be and there could be a material effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of our CompoSecure business if any of these risks materialize.
The international sales of our CompoSecure business subject it to additional risks that can adversely affect its business, operating results and financial condition.
During each of 2025 and 2024, our CompoSecure business derived 14% and 18% of its revenue from sales to customers located outside the U.S. To the extent the business is unable to engage with non-U.S. customers effectively, it may be unable to grow sales with international customers.
The international operations of our CompoSecure business subject it to a variety of risks and challenges, including:
• fluctuations in currency exchange rates may impact the affordability of our products;
• general economic and geopolitical conditions, including wars, in each country or region;
• compliance with U.S. and foreign laws and regulations imposed by other countries on foreign operations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, import and export control laws, tariffs, trade barriers, economic sanctions and other regulatory or contractual limitations on its ability to sell its products in certain foreign markets, and the risks and costs of non-compliance.
Additionally, further escalation of geopolitical tensions could have a broader impact that extends into other markets where our CompoSecure business does business. Any of these risks could adversely affect the international sales of our CompoSecure business, reduce its international revenues or increase its operating costs, adversely affecting the business, financial condition and operating results of our CompoSecure business.
Our CompoSecure business relies on licensing arrangements in production and other fields, and actions taken by any of its licensing partners could have a material adverse effect on our CompoSecure business.
Some products of our CompoSecure business integrate third-party technologies that it licenses or otherwise obtains the right to use. Our CompoSecure business has entered into licensing agreements that provide access to technology owned by third parties. The terms of the licensing arrangements vary. These different terms could have a negative impact on the performance of our CompoSecure business to the extent new or existing licensees demand a greater proportion of royalty revenues under the licensing arrangements of our CompoSecure business. Additionally, such third parties may not continue to renew their licenses with our CompoSecure business on similar terms or at all, which could negatively impact its net sales. If our CompoSecure business is unable to continue to successfully renew these agreements, it may lose its access to certain technologies relied upon to develop certain of its products. The loss of access to those technologies, if not replaced with internally-developed or other licensed technology, could have a material adverse effect on our CompoSecure business and its results of operations.
Risks Related to the Business of Husky
The results of operations of the Husky business are reliant on unpredictable customer purchasing trends.
The financial results of the Husky business are impacted by customer purchasing trends and the timing of converting orders into sales, which can be unpredictable, and therefore can lead to variations in and uncertainties regarding financial results from period to period (including seasonality). Sales from individual customers may vary relative to total sales and demand for products offered by our Husky business may fluctuate in any given period based on customers’ individual needs, the type of product, and size of the order. In addition, sales are impacted by the timing of when orders are placed and the length of time required to convert these orders into recognized revenue. The conversion cycle can range from several weeks to several months. Furthermore, sales are primarily recognized upon the shipment or transfer of control of goods to customers, which may involve meeting multiple criteria after manufacturing is completed. Such factors include but are not limited to, pre-shipment written acceptance from the customer, changes in the customer’s need-by-date, and logistical timing, which is impacted by shipment terms. Revenue recognition may shift between periods based on these factors.
Growth in emerging markets may impact the sales of the Husky business.
The products produced by the Husky business are sold into emerging markets. Urbanization and a growing middle class are key growth catalysts in emerging markets, as an increase in disposable income generally leads to an increased demand for food and beverages, and essential services such as healthcare. Our results of operations could be adversely affected if the expected growth in urbanization and the middle class in these emerging markets slows or is significantly altered.
There is no certainty that the Husky business will be able to manage fluctuations in raw materials.
The largest material purchase for the Husky business is for tooling stainless steel. Price movements in steel are largely dependent on the steel commodity price index. In addition, the Husky business is indirectly exposed to the price of steel used by its suppliers for purchased steel component parts. Historically, price fluctuations in the cost of steel have been mitigated by purchasing steel from a variety of global suppliers and through price increases of products offered by our Husky business when possible. However, there is no certainty that the Husky business will be able to manage future fluctuations in the steel price in the same manner and therefore our results of operations may be impacted.
Failure of suppliers to deliver in a timely and cost-effective manner would adversely impact our operations.
The Husky business has a global supply chain, including a network of suppliers and distribution and manufacturing facilities. Product quality and reliability are determined in part by factors that are not entirely within our control. The Husky business depends on suppliers for parts and components that meet our standards. If suppliers fail to meet these standards, the Husky business may not be able to deliver the quality products that its customers expect which may adversely affect our financial condition. The supply chain is subject to stress by increased demand and other global events that have put additional pressures on manufacturing output and freight lanes. This has resulted in and could continue to result in disruptions to the supply chain; difficulty in procuring or the inability to procure components and materials necessary for products, solutions, and services; inflationary cost increases for commodities, components, and freight services; international trade policies including with respect to tariffs; and delays in delivering, or an inability to deliver, the products, solutions and services to the customers of the Husky business on a timely basis. The Husky business continues to manage its end-to-end supply chain, from sourcing to production to customer delivery, with a particular focus on all and at-risk suppliers and supplier locations globally, along with revising the existing supply chain to source components and parts closer to its manufacturing facilities to further reduce the supply chain business risk. However, these efforts may not be , and further in the receipt of goods, or other impacts to the supply chain, including on direct imports or goods purchased domestically, or on the customers of the Husky business, could have a more significant impact on future business (including sales), and we are continuing to monitor this evolving situation.
The Husky business is subject to U.S. and certain foreign export and import controls, sanctions, embargoes, anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. The Husky business could face serious consequences for violations, which could harm our business.
The Husky business is subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls and anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act and other state and national anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the regions in which the Husky business conducts its operations.
Any violations of the laws and regulations described above may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, imprisonment, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm and other consequences.
The Husky business may face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates.
The Husky business operates in international markets and, accordingly, the competitiveness of the Husky business and our financial results are or will be subject to foreign currency fluctuations where revenues and costs are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. For example, a large percentage of the expenses of the Husky business are incurred in Canadian dollars, while a large percentage of its revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars.
Increases in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on the overall competitiveness of the products and services of the Husky business and, therefore, on our financial results. In addition, the equipment selling prices of the Husky business are largely denominated in U.S. dollars or Euro, and any material decline in the value of a customer’s base currency relative to the U.S. dollar or Euro may have a material adverse effect on our sales volumes and operating margins. The Husky business is also exposed to currency movements for other currencies, including the Japanese Yen and Chinese Renminbi. The Husky business competes against equipment manufacturers domiciled in various countries. These competitors benefit when the currency of their cost base depreciates against the U.S. dollar. Historically, Husky has regularly entered into foreign exchange forward contracts primarily to reduce its exposure to Canadian dollar currency rate fluctuations, which have typically been limited to a maximum of a two-year period.
The significant international operations of the Husky business subject us to risks inherent in doing business in foreign jurisdictions.
The significant international operations of the Husky business subject us to risks associated with operating in foreign jurisdictions, such as unfavorable political, regulatory, economic, labor and tax conditions. The Husky business is a global business with a significant portion of its operations and revenue outside of North America.
The international operations of the Husky business, such as its manufacturing operations and other facilities in Brazil, China, India, Luxembourg, Mexico and Russia, are subject to risks inherent in doing business in foreign countries, including, among others:
• potential imposition of restrictions on investments;
• requirements of foreign laws and other governmental controls, including trade and labor restrictions and related laws that reduce the flexibility of its business operations;
• the imposition by the U.S. government and foreign governments of trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, preferential bidding and import restrictions;
• preferential bidding and import restrictions;
• potential staffing difficulties and labor disputes;
• managing and obtaining support and distribution for local operations;
• increased costs of transportation or shipping;
• credit risk and financial conditions of local customers and distributors;
• risk of nationalization of private enterprises by foreign governments;
• potential adverse tax consequences; and
• potential difficulties in protecting intellectual property.
The Husky business may be subject to unanticipated income taxes, excise duties, import taxes, export taxes, value added taxes, or other governmental assessments, and taxes may be impacted by changes in legislation in the tax jurisdictions in which the Husky business operates. In addition, the Husky business may from time to time be subject to limitations on its ability to transfer funds between countries without incurring adverse tax consequences. Any of these events could result in a loss of business or other unexpected costs that could reduce revenue or profits and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If the Husky business is unable to continue the technological innovation and successful introduction of new products into the market, customers may delay their orders or turn to other manufacturers.
The industry and the markets into which the Husky business sells its products experience periodic technological change and ongoing product improvements. The competitors of the Husky business may also introduce new generations of their products or the customers of the Husky business may require new technological and increased performance specifications that would require the Husky business to develop new products or adversely affect the demand for its existing products. Our future growth depends on the ability of the Husky business to gauge the direction of the commercial and technological progress in all key markets, and on the ability of the Husky business to successfully develop, manufacture and market new products. Difficulties or delays in identifying viable new products, research, development or production of new products or failure to gain regulatory approval, intellectual property protection or market acceptance of new products and technologies may reduce future sales and adversely affect our competitive position. Additionally, the Husky business may be to identify, develop and market new products and technology on a timely basis that customer acceptance over its existing products and compete with the products of its competitors, which may our growth prospects, profit margins and our competitive position. While Husky has historically committed significant funds to research and development spending each year, there can be no assurance that historical spending levels will be sustained or that the products and processes developed will be commercially , will generate an acceptable return on investment or will be accepted by the customers of the Husky business. If the Husky business to keep pace with evolving technological , our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially affected.
If the use of plastic as a packaging material declines, it could materially adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of our Husky business.
The vast majority of the sales of the Husky business is realized from the sale of equipment and services to the plastic packaging market. Any reduction in the usage of plastic packaging and, in particular, Polyethylene Terephthalate (“PET”) packaging, by consumers will likely result in the reduction of the sales of equipment and services of the Husky business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Factors that could result in a decline in the usage of plastic packaging include:
• The perception of the recyclability and environmental impact of plastic packaging. The recyclability and environmental impact of plastic packaging, such as PET water containers, may be perceived negatively by environmental groups, customers and government regulators, primarily in markets where these products are typically disposed of instead of recycled. For example, according to The Reloop Platform, in 2018, 97% of PET containers used by consumers were returned to the deposit return system in Germany, and in 2019, 94% and 92% of PET containers used by consumers were returned to the deposit return system in Denmark and Lithuania, respectively. By contrast, in the United States, according to the National Association for PET Container Resources, only 26.6% by weight of the PET containers used by consumers were recovered in 2020, whereas the recycling rate in the United States was 45.2% for aluminum cans in the same year.
• Environmental legislation. A number of governmental authorities have enacted, or are expected to consider, legislation aimed at reducing the environmental impact of plastic packaging. These legislative efforts have been lobbied for and supported by environmental advocacy groups. These proposals and legislation have included mandating certain rates of recycling and/or the use of recycled materials, imposing deposits or taxes on plastic packaging material, requiring retailers or manufacturers to develop a recycling infrastructure and has led to increased scrutiny of the use of plastics, especially for bottled water. Legislative and other changes aimed at reducing the environmental impact of plastic packaging may result in increased costs associated with plastic packaging and/or reduced demand for such packaging.
• Environmental advocacy. Increasing environmental advocacy, via efforts to change government policy and via litigation, exert pressure on the plastics industry. With respect to government policy, environmental advocacy groups, NGOs and others have called for more stringent restrictions on plastic production and use, including through caps on plastic production, restrictions on certain categories of plastic products and, in some cases, outright bans. In parallel, environmental advocacy is increasingly pursued by private as well as government actors through strategic litigation, often aimed at challenging corporate conduct, public communications, or alleged misrepresentations relating to plastics and recycling. Each of these could increase the costs associated with plastic packaging and/or reduce the demand for such packaging.
• Scrutiny of public statements regarding plastics. There is a growing trend towards stricter scrutiny of advertising and other business communications relating to the environmental attributes, sustainability or recyclability of products, particularly plastics. This heightened scrutiny by regulators, consumer protection bodies and advocacy organizations coincides with the proliferation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure and reporting requirements worldwide, which have increased both the volume and visibility of environmental claims made by companies. The increased threat of litigation or other challenges for producers of plastic packaging could result in increased costs associated with plastic packaging and/or reduce the demand for such packaging.
• Health and safety concerns. Media reports on possible health risks associated with certain plastics have prompted general consumer concerns regarding the safety of plastic packaging and containers. National and international governmental organizations responsible for consumer safety have continued to recognize the safety of PET. However, if consumer perceptions of the safety of PET shift, the usage of PET as a packaging material may decline. In addition, if any new scientific evidence suggests that PET is unsafe, or any regulatory agency issues new interpretations of existing evidence that limit or lead to prohibitions on the use of PET as packaging for tooling and aftermarket products and services, there could be a decline in the use of PET packaging. In addition, the Husky business may become subject to product liability or other lawsuits, heightened regulatory oversight or new laws, any of which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
• The relative advantages of plastic packaging compared with other materials, such as glass, metal and paper. Glass, metal and paper may be regarded as alternative materials for packaging. Although plastic packaging may have several competitive advantages over these alternative packaging materials, advances in the production process or technology of competing packaging materials, or material cost decreases in such packaging materials, may erode plastic packaging’s competitive advantages.
Any of the foregoing factors and other factors, including those unknown to us, could result in a decline in the usage of plastic packaging and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
If products offered by our Husky business fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, we could incur significant additional costs.
The manufacture of products offered by our Husky business involves highly complex processes. The customers of the Husky business specify quality, performance and reliability standards that the Husky business is required to meet. Product quality and reliability are determined in part by factors that are not entirely within our
control. For instance, the Husky business depends on its suppliers for raw materials and components that meet our standards.
The Husky business relies on the timely delivery of raw materials and components that meet our standards for the continued production and delivery of products and services, and any inability to obtain such raw materials and components could impede the ability of the Husky business to manufacture and deliver its products and services as it requires.
If the products of the Husky business do not meet our standards, we may be required to replace or rework the products or incur warranty expenses. In some cases, these products may contain undetected defects or flaws that only become evident after shipment. In the past, Husky has proactively replaced parts in the field that have experienced a high rate of failure. Any future product quality, performance or reliability problems or defects could result in significant costs associated with the repair, removal, collection or destruction of the defective product, an increase in warranty expense, the write-down or destruction of inventory, lost sales, cancellations or rescheduling of orders for these products.
The Husky business may also be the target of product liability lawsuits. If a person were to bring a product liability suit against one of the customers of the Husky business, such customer may attempt to seek contribution from us. A person may also bring a product liability claim directly against us. A successful product liability claim or series of claims against us in excess of its insurance coverage for payments, for which we are not otherwise indemnified, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
A significant product defect or product liability case could also result in adverse publicity, damage to the reputation of the Husky brand or our business, and/or a loss of customer confidence.
New or increased taxes or other governmental regulations targeted to decrease the consumption of certain type of beverages may adversely affect our Husky business.
Public health officials and government officials have become increasingly concerned about the public health consequences associated with over-consumption of certain types of beverages, such as sugar beverages and others sold or packaged by certain customers of the Husky business. Possible new federal, state or local taxes, increases to current taxes or other governmental regulations specifically targeted to decrease the consumption of these beverages, such as restrictions or bans including those that have been proposed or adopted in the past, may significantly reduce demand for sugar related beverages, which could in turn affect demand for products offered by our Husky business from certain of its current or potential customers. For example, Mexico recently implemented a tax on certain sugar sweetened beverages and members of the U.S. Congress have raised the possibility of a federal tax on the sale of certain beverages, including non-diet soft drinks, fruit drinks, teas and flavored waters. Some state and local governments are also considering similar taxes, and San Francisco, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania have enacted such a tax. If enacted, such taxes could materially adversely affect our business and financial results. Additionally, France and the United Kingdom have introduced taxes on drinks with added sugar and artificial sweeteners that companies produce or import. The imposition of such taxes in the future may decrease the demand for certain soft drinks and beverages that the customers of the Husky business produce, which may cause its customers to respond by decreasing their purchases of products offered by our Husky business. Consumer tax legislation and future attempts to tax sugar or energy drinks by other jurisdictions could reduce the demand for products offered by our Husky business and affect our .
Patents may not prevent competitors from making and selling products that are similar to the products of the Husky business.
The competitors of the Husky business make and sell products similar to products offered by our Husky business. Competitors’ products may not infringe the claims of the patents of the Husky business or, even if they do, we may determine that it is not worth the time, money and risk to pursue such infringement claims against them. In general, many patents that are asserted in litigation are found to be invalid. Moreover, patents issued outside Canada or the United States may not have as broad a scope as Canadian or U.S. patents or may be more difficult to enforce,
and in any case, patents expire. For all these reasons, the patents of the Husky business may not effectively enable us to prevent competitors from making and selling products that are competitive with the products of the Husky business.
Some customers of our Husky business have been sued for patent infringement in connection with a specific design of products made using molds purchased from Husky, and in the future the Husky business could face similar lawsuits.
Certain customers of our Husky business have been sued for patent infringement in connection with certain products that they manufactured using molds purchased from Husky. The Husky business could face similar claims in the future. If such lawsuits prevail, the Husky business could be forced to stop selling one or more molds used by customers to make such products or be required to pay past or ongoing royalties. Even if such lawsuits do not prevail, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of time and money opposing claims of infringement and relationships with the customers of the Husky business could be harmed. Some customers of our Husky business have asked Husky to indemnify them in connection with such claims, and other customers could make similar requests in the future. Our Husky business refused such requests, as Husky believed that it was not responsible for based upon our customers’ product designs. The Husky business generally seeks to avoid any obligations to indemnify customers for intellectual property them that are based upon products that they manufacture using molds purchased from the Husky business; however, it is possible that we may be required to indemnify certain customers in certain instances. In light of the customers of the Husky business for which Husky has requests for indemnity, certain customers of the Husky business could decide to purchase affected molds from competitors or otherwise reduce their business with the Husky business, or they could bring suits us seeking reimbursement for and in connection with such .
Unanticipated changes in tax provisions, variability of quarterly and annual effective tax rates, the adoption of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could impact our financial performance.
The global operations and entity structure of the Husky business results in a complex tax structure where it is subject to income and other taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Variability in the mix and profitability of domestic and international activities, identification and resolution of various tax uncertainties, changes in tax laws or their application or interpretation, changes in rates or other regulatory actions regarding taxes, and the extent to which the Husky business is able to realize net operating loss and other carryforwards included in deferred tax assets and avoid potential adverse outcomes included in deferred tax liabilities, among other matters, may significantly impact the effective income tax rate of the Husky business in the future. The effective income tax rate may also be impacted by the recognition of discrete income tax items, such as required adjustments to the liabilities for uncertain tax positions or deferred tax asset valuation allowance. A significant increase in the effective income tax rate of the Husky business could have an adverse impact on our earnings. The Husky business is also subject to ongoing tax audits in various jurisdictions. Tax authorities may with the intercompany charges of the Husky business, cross jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters, and may assess additional taxes as a result. There can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of audits could be materially different from the amounts previously included in Husky’s income tax expense and therefore could have a material impact on our tax provision, net income and cash flows. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts reserved, future financial results may include adjustments to our tax liabilities.
The Husky business is subject to other market risks.
The Husky business has historically been subject to interest rate risk primarily through the its long-term floating rate debt. Additionally, the financial assets of the Husky business are exposed to credit risk consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and derivatives with positive fair values. The customers of the Husky business are geographically diversified with no concentration of receivables by customer or geography. The Husky business manages its accounts receivable credit risk by analyzing the counterparties’ financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establishing credit limits and obtaining cash, letters of credit or other acceptable
forms of security from customers to provide credit support, based on such analysis of the customer and the terms and conditions applicable to each transaction. However, significant changes in the financial condition of the counterparties of the Husky business could impact their ability to satisfy their contractual obligations to the Husky business, which could have material adverse impacts on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to the Tax Receivable Agreement
Our only significant asset is our ownership interest in Holdings, and such ownership may not be sufficient to pay dividends or make distributions or loans to enable us to pay any dividends on our Class A Common Stock or satisfy our other financial obligations, including our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
We have no direct operations and no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Holdings. We will depend on Holdings for distributions, loans and other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet our financial obligations, including our expenses as a publicly traded company, to pay any dividends with respect to our Class A Common Stock, and to satisfy our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement. The financial condition and operating requirements of Holdings may limit our ability to obtain cash from Holdings. The earnings from, or other available assets of, Holdings may not be sufficient to pay dividends or make distributions or loans to enable us to pay any dividends on our Class A Common Stock or satisfy our other financial obligations, including our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
We may be required to pay certain parties for most of the realized benefits relating to any additional tax depreciation or amortization deductions that we may claim.
In connection with the merger with Roman DBDR Tech Acquisition Corp. ("Roman DBDR") completed in December 2021 (the "Roman DBDR Business Combination"), we entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement with Holdings and the TRA Parties (as defined therein). The Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by us to certain TRA Parties of 90% of the benefits, if any, that we are deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions) as a result of (i) our allocable share of existing tax basis in the assets of Holdings and its subsidiaries acquired (A) in the Roman DBDR Business Combination and (B) upon sales or exchanges of Holdings Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement after the Business Combination, (ii) certain increases in tax basis that occurred as a result of (A) the Roman DBDR Business Combination and (B) sales or exchanges of Holdings Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement after the Business Combination, and (iii) certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. These tax attributes may increase (for tax purposes) our depreciation and amortization deductions and, therefore, may reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the IRS may challenge all or part of the validity of such tax attributes, and a court could sustain such a challenge. Such tax basis may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets. Actual tax benefits realized by us may differ from tax benefits calculated under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of the use of certain assumptions in the Tax Receivable Agreement, including the use of an assumed weighted-average state and local income tax rate to calculate tax benefits. The payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement are an obligation of ours, but not of Holdings. We expect to from the remaining 10% of realized cash tax benefits.
In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Our payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated in the event of certain changes of control and will be accelerated in the event it elects to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early. The accelerated payments will relate to all relevant tax attributes that would subsequently be available to us. The accelerated payments required in such circumstances will be calculated by reference to the present value (at a discount rate equal to 15% per annum (as amended in September 2024) of all future payments that TRA Parties would have been entitled to receive under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and such accelerated payments and any other future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will utilize certain valuation assumptions, including that we will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, as well as sufficient taxable
income to fully utilize any remaining net operating losses subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement on a straight line basis over the shorter of the statutory expiration period for such net operating losses and the five-year period after the early termination or change of control. In addition, recipients of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not reimburse us for any payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement if such tax basis and our utilization of certain tax attributes is successfully challenged by the IRS (although any such detriment would be taken into account in future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement). Our ability to achieve benefits from any existing tax basis, tax basis adjustments or other tax attributes, and the payments to be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will depend upon a number of factors, including the timing and amount of our future income. As a result, even in the absence of a change of control or an election to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be in excess of 90% of our actual cash tax benefits.
Accordingly, it is possible that the actual cash tax benefits realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments or that payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be made years in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the anticipated future tax benefits. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if the payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement exceed the actual cash tax benefits that we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement and/or payments to us by Holdings are not sufficient to permit us to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement after it has paid taxes and other expenses. We may need to incur additional indebtedness to finance payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, and these obligations could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations, or other changes of control.
The acceleration of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the case of certain changes of control may impair our ability to consummate change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A Common Stock.
In the case of certain changes of control, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and may significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. We expect that the payments that we may make under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event of a change of control will be substantial. As a result, our accelerated payment obligations and/or the assumptions adopted under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the case of a change of control may impair our ability to consummate change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A Common Stock in a change of control transaction.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition, limit our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our indebtedness.
As a result of our substantial indebtedness, a significant amount of our cash flows will be required to pay interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness, and we may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or have future borrowings available under our credit facility or repay our indebtedness, including our senior secured notes. As of December 31, 2025, after giving effect to the Refinancing Transactions (as defined below), we would have had $2.175 billion of total debt and unused revolving commitments of up to $325.0 million.
Subject to the limits under our debt instruments, we may incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt would further increase. Specifically, our high level of debt could have important consequences to us, including:
• making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness;
• limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;
• requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
• increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and market conditions;
• exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest;
• limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the markets in which we compete and to changing business and economic conditions;
• restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
• preventing us from raising the funds necessary to repurchase all senior secured notes tendered to us upon the occurrence of certain changes of control, which failure to repurchase would constitute an event of default under the Indenture;
• placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors and affecting our ability to compete; and
• increasing our cost of borrowing.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We might not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operations sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Additionally, we may not be able to obtain loans or other debt financings on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The instruments governing our indebtedness restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from such dispositions and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. Because of these restrictions, we may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due.
Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations and our ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness.
Additionally, if we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and holders of the Notes could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable, the lenders under the New Credit Facility could terminate their commitments to loan additional money to us, the lenders could enforce or foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy, liquidation or other form of insolvency proceeding.
In addition, we conduct all of our operations through our subsidiaries. Accordingly, repayment of our indebtedness is dependent on the generation of cash flows by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Certain of our subsidiaries do not guarantee our debt, and therefore do not have any obligation to pay amounts due on our indebtedness or to make funds available for that purpose. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity, and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. While the instruments governing our indebtedness limit the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to incur consensual restrictions on their ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany payments to us, these limitations are subject to qualifications
and exceptions. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.
Despite our high level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries are able to incur significant additional amounts of debt or we may pay dividends or make other payments in the future, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial financial leverage.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to, and may, incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although the instruments governing our indebtedness currently contain certain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and, under certain circumstances, the amount of indebtedness that could be incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to our or our subsidiaries’ existing debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase. In addition, these documents do not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness thereunder, and they permit us to pay dividends or make other restricted payments in the future. Any dividends or other restricted payments will reduce the cash available to service our indebtedness, and the related risks that we face would increase.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our credit facilities are, and under additional indebtedness incurred in the future may be, at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed may remain the same, and our profit and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, including the Notes, will correspondingly decrease. Additionally, in the future, we may enter into interest rate swaps that involve the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments in order to reduce interest rate volatility. However, it is possible that we will not maintain interest rate swaps with respect to any of our variable rate indebtedness. Alternatively, any swaps we enter into may not fully or effectively mitigate our interest rate risk.
General Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Our only significant asset is our ownership of our subsidiaries’ business. If the business of our subsidiaries is not profitably operated, they may be unable to make distributions to enable us to pay any dividends on our common stock or satisfy our other financial obligations.
GPGI has no direct operations and no significant assets other than the ownership of its subsidiaries, which operate our CompoSecure and Husky businesses. GPGI depends on profits generated by its subsidiaries’ business for debt repayment and other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations, including its expenses as a publicly traded company, to pay any dividends with respect to its capital stock and to make distributions. Legal and contractual restrictions in agreements governing the indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries, as well as their financial condition and operating requirements, may limit the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to the Company.
Provisions in our Charter and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Class A Common Stock and could entrench management.
Our Charter contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include the classification of our Board and the ability of our Board to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred shares, which may make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
In addition, while we have opted out of Section 203 of the DGCL, our Charter contains similar provisions providing that we may not engage in certain “business combinations” with any “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:
• prior to such time, our Board approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
• upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding certain shares; or
• at or subsequent to that time, the business combination is approved by our Board and by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the Company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for public stockholders to elect directors of their choosing.
We may be unable to satisfy the NYSE listing requirements in the future, which could limit investors’ ability to effect transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
We may be unable to maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE in the future. If our securities are delisted from the NYSE, there could be significant material adverse consequences, including a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; a limited amount of news and analyst coverage about the Company; and a decreased ability to obtain capital or pursue acquisitions by issuing additional equity or convertible securities.
We incur significant costs and obligations as a result of being a public company.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses. These expenses have increased, and may continue to increase, as we continue to expand our businesses, including because we are no longer a “smaller reporting company” or an “emerging growth company,” as defined under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. In addition, new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure for public companies, including Dodd Frank, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, regulations related thereto and the rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE, have increased the costs and the time that must be devoted to compliance matters.
We are required to implement and maintain the financial reporting and disclosure procedures and controls required of a United States publicly traded company. If we fail to properly maintain and implement all required accounting practices and policies, including new accounting practices and policies, as applicable, or maintain effective internal controls and procedures and disclosure procedures and controls, we may be unable to provide financial information and required SEC reports that are timely and reliable. Any such delays or deficiencies could harm us, including by limiting our ability to obtain financing, either in the public capital markets or from private sources or by damaging our reputation, which in either case, could impede our ability to implement our growth strategy. In addition, any such delays or deficiencies could result in our failure to meet the requirements for continued listing of our securities on the NYSE.
If our operating performance does not meet market expectations, the price of our securities may decline.
The trading price of our securitie s could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Fluctuations in the price of our securities could result in the loss of all or part of your investment. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them.
Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:
• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;
• changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;
• success of competitors;
• our operating results failing to meet market expectations in a particular period;
• our reliance on Resolute Holdings for management services under the Management Agreements exposes us to risks related to their substantial influence over our business, operations, and strategy;
• changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the financial payment card and digital asset industries and markets in general;
• operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
• our ability to market new and innovative products on a timely basis;
• changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
• commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us;
• changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
• the volume of shares of our securities available for public sale;
• any significant change in our board or management;
• changes in GAAP or accounting rules or principles, or our application thereof;
• sales of substantial amounts of our securities by our directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and
• general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism.
Broad market and industry factors may depress the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general and the NYSE have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for companies in the industries in which our businesses operate or otherwise could depress our securities prices regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
Our ability to successfully operate our business largely depends upon the efforts of certain key personnel. The loss of such key personnel could adversely affect our operations and profitability.
Our ability to successfully operate our business depends upon the efforts of certain key personnel. The unexpected loss of key personnel may adversely affect our operations and profitability. In addition, our future success depends in part on our ability to identify and retain key personnel to expand and/or succeed senior management. Furthermore, while we have closely scrutinized the skills, abilities and qualifications of our key
personnel, our assessment may not prove to be correct. If such personnel do not possess the skills, qualifications or abilities we expect or those necessary to manage a public company, the operations and profitability of our business may be adversely impacted.
Our ability to meet expectations and projections in any research or reports published by securities or industry analysts, or a lack of coverage by securities or industry analysts, could result in a depressed market price and limited liquidity for our securities.
The trading market for our securities may be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. Analyst projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Prices for our securities may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of research analysts covering us. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our securities or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, prices for our securities could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, prices for our securities or trading volume could decline.
Future sales of our securities, including resale of securities issued to certain stockholders, may reduce the market price of our securities that you might otherwise obtain.
Future sales of our securities by stockholders which hold large amounts of our securities, including in underwritten offerings that we may be required to facilitate pursuant to such stockholders' registration rights, or in privately negotiated transactions, may reduce the price of our securities. The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may increase the volatility in the price of our securities or put significant downward pressure on the price of our securities. In addition, we may use shares of our Class A Common Stock or other securities that are convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock as consideration for future acquisitions, which could further dilute our stockholders.
Because certain significant stockholders control a significant percentage of our Class A Common Stock, such stockholders may influence major corporate decisions of the Company and our interests may conflict with the interests of other holders of our Class A Common Stock.
As of the date hereof, Tungsten beneficially owned approximately 18% of the shares of our outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and an affiliate of Platinum Equity beneficially owned approximately 19% of the shares of our outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. In addition to their significant Class A Common Stock ownership, Platinum Equity and its affiliates have the right, pursuant to that certain Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2026, to nominate two directors for election to our board of directors if Platinum Equity and its affiliates collectively beneficially own at least 10% of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, and one director if Platinum Equity and its affiliates collectively beneficially own less than 10%, but more than or equal to 5%, of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, in each case subject to certain qualification requirements for such directors.
As a result of this control, Tungsten and Platinum Equity are each able to influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders and/or our Board, including the election of directors and the approval of business combinations or dispositions and other extraordinary transactions. Tungsten and Platinum Equity may also have interests that differ from the interests of other holders of our securities and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of the Company and may materially and adversely affect the market price of our securities. In addition, Tungsten or Platinum Equity may or may in the future own businesses that directly compete with the business of the Company.
Our Charter renounces any expectancy in or right to be offered an opportunity to participate in certain transactions or matters that may be investment, corporate or business opportunities and that are presented to the Company or our officers, directors or stockholders.
Our Charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, each member of Holdings, their respective affiliates (other than the Company and our subsidiaries) and, to the extent any member is a series limited liability company, any series thereof and all of their respective partners, principals, directors, officers, members, managers, equity holders and/or employees, including any of the foregoing who serve as officers or directors of the Company (each, an “Excluded Party”), shall not have any fiduciary duty to refrain from (a) directly or indirectly engaging in any opportunity in which we, directly or indirectly, could have an interest or expectancy or (b) otherwise competing with us. Our Charter also renounces, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, any interest or expectancy that we have in any opportunity in which any Excluded Party engages, even if the opportunity is one in which we, directly or indirectly, could have had an interest or expectancy. To the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, in the event that any Excluded Party acquires knowledge of an opportunity that may be an opportunity for itself, himself or herself and for us, such party shall have no duty to communicate or present such to us and shall not be liable to us or any of our stockholders for of any fiduciary duty as our stockholder, director or officer solely for having pursued or acquired such or for offering or directing such to another person. To the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, no business will be deemed to be a potential corporate for us unless we would be permitted to undertake the under our Charter, we have sufficient financial resources to undertake the and the would be in line with our business.
Our Bylaws designate the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by stockholders, which could limit the ability of stockholders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes.
Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder to bring any state law claims for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or employees to us or our stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against us, our directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Charter or Bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim against us, our directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of the Bylaws will not apply to any claim as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery (including suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum), or for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. While this exclusive provision applies to claims under the Securities Act, we note, however, that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision and that stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for state and federal courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our Bylaws inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and Board.
We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and securities prices, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
If there are material issues in the business of our subsidiaries, or factors outside of our and our subsidiaries' control later arise, we may be forced to later write down or write off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in losses. Additionally, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about the Company or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to be unable to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.
We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.
Our securities prices may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.
