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YoY shift: Lean -
Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.41pp more bearish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Risk Factors
-0.37pp
Lean -
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
MD&A
-0.46pp
Lean -
Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.
Per-snippet highlights
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
harm+9
adversely+7
expose+7
claims+5
termination+5
Positive rising
profitability+6
opportunities+5
effective+2
greater+2
enhance+2
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
21,497 words
Risk Factors Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks that could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and/or operating results. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk contained below.
Risk Factors Related to Our Business
• We rely on distributors to distribute our products in the DSD channel and in international markets. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing distributors, our business will suffer.
• We have extensive commercial arrangements with Pepsi and as a result, significant disagreements with Pepsi or a termination of these arrangements could materially adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.
• Pepsi ’s increased ownership stake and additional Board representation may allow it to exert greater influence over our strategic and governance decisions.
• Our ability to successfully execute our responsibilities under the Captaincy and the A&R Distribution Agreements with Pepsi is to our long-term performance.
Language change vs prior 10-K
MD&A (Item 7) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase
Negative rising
termination+11
impairment+6
critical+3
closing+3
difficult+2
Positive rising
better+2
enhanced+2
achieved+2
strong+1
greater+1
MD&A (Item 7)
6,409 words
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report. This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the PSLRA, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, about our expectations, beliefs, plans and intentions regarding our product development efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies and prospects. Readers can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that these statements do not relate to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied through forward-looking statements. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for a detailed discussion of these uncertainties and risks. Forward-looking statements reflect our views as of the date they are made. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to revise or publicly release any updates to these forward-looking statements. This includes not updating the statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after they were made, or to address any differences between anticipated and actual results. We intend for all forward-looking statements to be subject to the safe harbor provisions of PSLRA.
• If we fail to manage future growth effectively, our business could be materially adversely affected.
• Our demand generation strategies through social media and the use of third-parties, including celebrities, social media influencers, and others, as well as the expanding use of AI tools and AI-generated content, may expose us to risk of negative publicity, litigation, and/or regulatory enforcement action, which could impact our future profitability .
• Consolidation of retailers, wholesalers and distributors in the industry may result in downward pressure on sales prices and the changing landscape of the retail market, including the growth of e-commerce, could adversely affect our results of operations.
• We predominantly rely on co-packers to manufacture our products. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our co-packers or their ability to manufacture our products becomes constrained or unavailable to us, our business could suffer.
• We may not be able to successfully integrate Alani Nu, Rockstar or other businesses that we may acquire in the future, or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions, and such acquisitions may expose us to potential brand overlap, market cannibalization or cultural integration challenges.
• Alani Nu, Rockstar or other acquired businesses may have liabilities that are not known to us.
• Growth through acquisition involves a number of risks and an inability or failure to address the challenges associated with strategic transactions and related integration risks could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
• Our customers are material to our success. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing customers, our business could suffer.
• Increases in cost or shortages of raw materials or increases in costs of co-packing could harm our business.
• Tariffs, inflationary pressures and global supply-chain disruptions could increase costs and reduce profitability.
• We must continually maintain, protect and upgrade our information-technology systems, including protecting against internal and external cyber-security threats, data breaches and emerging AI-driven attacks. Any such breach or system failure could result in significant business disruption, reputational harm and regulatory exposure.
• Our failure to accurately estimate demand for our products could adversely affect our business and financial results.
• Significant additional labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products may inhibit sales of our products.
• Our continued expansion outside of the U.S. exposes us to uncertain conditions and other risks in international markets.
• Numerous U.S. and international laws, including export and import controls, affect our ability to compete in international markets.
• We depend upon our trademarks and proprietary rights and any failure to protect our intellectual property rights or any claims that we are infringing upon the rights of others may adversely affect our competitive position.
• If we fail to comply with data privacy and personal data protection laws, we could be subject to adverse publicity, government enforcement actions or private litigation, which may negatively impact our business and operating results.
• We may incur material losses as a result of product recalls, regulatory enforcement actions and liabilities related to our products.
• The FDA could take issue with the manufacturer, composition/ingredients, packaging, marketing/labeling, storage, transportation and/or distribution of our products.
• Our advertising and promotional activities may be subject to regulatory review of the truthfulness and substantiation of product claims.
• We rely on our management team and other key personnel.
• If we fail to attract or maintain a highly skilled and diverse workforce, our business could be negatively affected.
• Global or regional catastrophic events could impact our operations and affect our ability to grow our business.
• Climate change and natural disasters may affect our business.
• Compliance with climate-disclosure and environmental-reporting requirements may increase costs and regulatory risk.
Risk Factors Related to Our Industry
• We are subject to significant competition by other companies in the functional beverage product industry.
• Termination of distributor relationships could expose us to legal, financial and competitive risks.
• Our inability to innovatesuccessfully and to provide new cutting-edge products could adversely affect our business and financial results.
• Changes in consumer product and shopping preferences may reduce demand for some of our products.
• We derive virtually all of our revenues from functional beverage products, and competitive pressure in the functional beverage product category could materially adversely affect our business and operating results.
• If we are unable to successfully manage new product launches, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.
• Changes in government regulation or failure to comply with existing regulation could adversely affect our business and financial performance.
• Product safety and quality concerns, or other negative publicity (whether or not warranted) could damage our brand image and corporate reputation and may cause our business to suffer.
• Our sales are affected by seasonality.
• Failure by suppliers or co-packers to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or with specifications and other requirements for our products, may adversely impact our business.
• Litigation could expose us to significant liabilities and reduce demand for our products.
• If we fail to maintain an effective internal control environment or adequate control procedures over our financial reporting, investor confidence may be adversely affected thereby affecting the value of our stock price.
• We may be subject to regulatory examinations and proceedings.
• Strikes or work stoppages or labor unrest can cause our business to suffer.
Risk Factors Related to Financial Risks
• We have incurred significant indebtedness in connection with recent acquisitions, which increases our financial leverage and exposes us to risks related to liquidity, compliance with debt covenants and future refinancing.
• Fluctuations in our effective tax rate could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
• Changes in U.S. tax law, including those introduced under the OBBBA, may further impact our tax obligations and planning strategies.
• Increases in market interest rates could materially increase our borrowing costs, reduce cash flow and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
• We may be required in the future to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.
• Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our operating results.
• Potential changes in accounting standards or practices or taxation may adversely affect our financial results.
• Uncertainty in the financial markets and other adverse changes in general economic or political conditions in any of the major countries in which we do business could adversely affect our industry, business and results of operations.
• Our investments are subject to risks which may cause losses and affect the liquidity of these investments.
Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock
• The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock is and has been volatile and could decline significantly.
• Our Board has the authority, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with terms that may not be beneficial to common stockholders and with the ability to affect adversely stockholder voting power and perpetuate control. We have outstanding shares of Preferred Stock with rights and preferences superior to those of our Common Stock.
• Future issuances of common or preferred stock could dilute existing stockholders and reduce the market value of our Common Stock.
• We cannot guarantee that any share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase volatility in the trading price of our stock and reduce our cash reserves.
• We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
When used in this Report, unless otherwise indicated, the terms the "Company,” “Celsius,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Celsius Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Definitions of certain capitalized terms used in this Report are included within the Master Glossary.
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on April 26, 2005. Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "CELH".
Overview
Celsius operates as a functional energy drink and wellness beverage company in the U.S. and internationally. We develop, process, market, sell, manufacture and distribute a portfolio of differentiated products with innovative formulas meant to positively impact the lives of our consumers. Our products are positioned as premium lifestyle beverages designed to support active, wellness-oriented, modern energy drink consumers. Our portfolio primarily consists of energy drinks offered under the CELSIUS ® , Alani Nu ® and Rockstar ® brands, with CELSIUS ® and Alani Nu ® also offering a range of additional wellness products. Through these brands, we serve a broad range of consumers across the functional energy and adjacent wellness categories.
Our products are available in the U.S., Canada, Europe, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific regions. They are sold through multiple channels, including conventional grocery, natural-food and convenience stores, fitness centers, mass-market and vitamin specialty retailers and e-commerce platforms.
On the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions, we entered into a series of related transactions and agreements with Pepsi , which included the following:
• Securities Purchase Agreement - We issued and sold 390,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Pepsi and modified certain terms of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock to align key terms, such as conversion and redemption dates, with those of the newly issued Series B Preferred Stock, all of which are currently held by Pepsi . These issuances and modifications formed part of the overall consideration exchanged in connection with the Pepsi Transactions. As part of these arrangements, Pepsi received the right to designate an additional member to our Board, giving Pepsi a total of two Board seats.
• Rockstar Acquisition - Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities comprising Rockstar in the U.S. and Canada. The consideration for this acquisition included the consideration described above and other commercial commitments set forth in the Transaction Agreement.
• Captaincy - Also pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, we and Pepsi commenced the Captaincy, an enhanced long-term commercial arrangement under which Pepsi has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to sell and distribute our products in the U.S. in accordance with jointly developed sales, placement and promotional priorities. The Captaincy commenced on the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions and is expected to continue for the term of the A&R U.S. Distribution Agreement.
• A&R Distribution Agreements - We entered into the A&R Distribution Agreements, under which Pepsi continues to serve as our primary distributor for Celsius products in the U.S. and Canada and has become the primary distributor of Alani Nu and Rockstar products in these markets. All other material provisions of each of the Original U.S. Distribution Agreement and Original Canadian Distribution Agreement remain in effect.
On the Closing Date of Alani Nu, we completed the Alani Nu Acquisition for a total consideration comprising (i) $1,275.0 million in cash, subject to adjustment as set forth in the purchase agreement, (ii) an aggregate of 22,451,224 shares of our Common Stock and (iii) up to $25.0 million in additional cash consideration, which we determined to be fully payable to the Sellers based on Alani Nu’s revenue meeting an agreed upon target for calendar year 2025 and which we expect to pay in the first quarter of 2026.
On the Closing Date of Alani Nu, Celsius and certain of its subsidiaries, the lenders and issuing banks from time to time party thereto and UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, entered into a Credit Agreement, which provided for a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $900.0 million, which was fully drawn on the Closing Date of Alani Nu to fund a portion of the cash consideration paid to the Sellers (the remaining cash consideration was funded with existing cash on hand), and the Revolving Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million, which remained undrawn as of December 31, 2025.
On October 2, 2025, we entered into the First Refinancing Amendment, which amended the Credit Agreement and reduced the applicable interest rates on both the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility by 75 basis points. In connection with the amendment, we repaid the remaining balance of the $900.0 million term loan with a new $700.0 million term loan and approximately $197.8 million of cash on hand. No prepayment penalties were incurred. All other material terms of the Credit Agreement remained unchanged.
Our Products
We introduced our first CELSIUS ® functional energy drink in 2005 and our portfolio has expanded significantly as we have broadened our brand platform. Today we offer a range of product lines under the CELSIUS ® , Alani Nu ® and Rockstar ® brands. Each brand features unique flavor profiles, formulations and consumer positioning, allowing us to serve a broad and diverse consumer base within the functional energy category.
We offer a unified portfolio of functional energy and wellness beverages across multiple brands, providing consumers with a variety of formats, flavor profiles and functional benefits. Certain products within our portfolio are formulated with ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract (EGCG), ginger root extract, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes and other performance-oriented components. Many products contain zero sugar, are low in calories and are designed to support energy, focus, hydration and overall wellness. Our portfolio includes the following primary product types:
• Ready-to-Drink Energy Beverages – Carbonated and non-carbonated caffeinated energy drinks available primarily in 12-ounce and 16-ounce cans. These products include original formulations, zero-sugar variations and fruit-forward flavors designed to meet a wide range of consumer taste preferences.
• On-the-Go Powder and Hydration Sticks – Single-serve powder sticks designed for portability and mixed with water. These products provide functional benefits similar to ready-to-drink energy beverages and hydration products, offering consumers a convenient and travel-friendly format.
• Nutrition and Wellness Products – Select wellness-focused items offered across the portfolio, including protein and nutrition products, amino blends and other functional supplements that broaden our reach beyond traditional energy beverages.
Across our portfolio, our packaging emphasizes bold graphics and vibrant color palettes to create strong shelf presence and reinforce our brand positioning to reach a broad range of new and existing energy drink consumers. Our products are sold through multiple channels including conventional grocery, natural-food and convenience stores, fitness centers, mass-market and vitamin specialty retailers and e-commerce platforms, allowing us to serve a diverse base of consumers within the functional energy and wellness categories.
Manufacture and Supply of Our Products
Our functional energy drinks, on-the-go powders and other wellness products are primarily produced by well-established beverage co-packers. Additionally, we leverage our in-house manufacturing facility. Utilizing these strategically located resources enables us to efficiently produce and distribute our products. We procure most ingredients and all packaging materials, while both our co-packers and internal operations handle assembly. Our co-packers charge us a fee on a per-case basis. The shelf life of the majority of our products ranges from 15 to 24 months.
We, and our co-packers, purchase raw materials from domestic and international suppliers. The principal raw materials used in our products include aluminum cans, packaging components, natural flavors, sweeteners and functional ingredients such as caffeine, vitamins, minerals and botanical extracts. The cost and availability of these materials are subject to market fluctuations. Packaging materials and most other ingredients are sourced from multiple suppliers, and we are not currently dependent on any single supplier for our overall raw material or packaging needs. We believe that our co-packing arrangements and supply sources sufficiently meet our present requirements.
Distribution
Pepsi Distribution Agreement
On the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions, we entered into the A&R Distribution Agreements, which amended and restated in their entirety the Original U.S. Distribution Agreement and Original Canadian Distribution Agreement. Under the A&R Distribution Agreements, Pepsi continues to serve as our primary distributor for Celsius products in the U.S. and Canada and has also become the primary distributor of our Alani Nu and Rockstar products in these markets. All other material terms and covenants contained in the original agreements remain in effect.
In connection with expanding Pepsi’s distribution responsibilities to include Alani Nu, we terminated certain former Alani Nu distributors and transitioned territory rights to Pepsi. Pepsi agreed to reimburse us for distributor termination fees up to $275.0 million, to facilitate this transition. Cash received for these reimbursements is contractually restricted and must be used to settle such obligations, and any unspent amounts must be returned to Pepsi. These reimbursements are recognized as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the approximately 17-year term of the A&R U.S. Distribution Agreement.
The A&R Distribution Agreements continue to provide Pepsi with certain rights contained in the original agreements, including rights of first offer with respect to distribution in select additional territories or future channels. Except for termination by either party “with cause,” the agreement may be terminated by either party upon 12 months’ written notice in the 19th year of the term (i.e., 2041), the 29th year of the term (i.e., 2051) and in each 10th year thereafter (i.e., 2061, 2071, etc.). Termination provisions, including compensation due upon a termination for cause, remain materially consistent with those contained in the original agreements.
Domestic
In the U.S. and Canada, we market and sell our products across a diverse range of retail channels, including supermarkets, convenience stores, drugstores, nutritional stores, food service providers and mass merchants. Our products are widely available in major retail segments, including conventional grocery, natural food stores, convenience stores, fitness centers, mass market retailers, vitamin specialty stores and e-commerce platforms.
Domestically, we distribute our products through a combination of DSD networks, independent distributors and direct sales to retailers. Additionally, our products are available online through leading e-commerce platforms, including Amazon, Shopify, Instacart and Walmart.com, ensuring broad accessibility for consumers.
International
We are continuing to make significant strides internationally for our flagship product CELSIUS ® in key global markets. We distribute certain of our products in various foreign regions through regional and country-specific distribution partners, leveraging local market expertise to optimize distribution and brand visibility. With partnerships spanning Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, we have strategically positioned the brand to meet growing global demand. To further support these initiatives, we recently appointed a president to oversee our international operations and drive strategic expansion across key global markets. These efforts demonstrate our commitment to leveraging partnerships, such as those within the Suntory Group, to drive product availability and brand visibility in both established and emerging markets, while utilizing local market expertise to optimize our global expansion strategies.
Customers
Our customer base primarily consists of distributors, e-commerce retailers and various brick-and-mortar outlets, including grocery and convenience stores, club stores and health-focused locations such as gyms and nutrition stores. To support and incentivize the distribution, sales and marketing of our products, we rely on and provide various financial incentives. These incentives include but are not limited to volume-based rebates and promotions, placement fees, listing fees and other discounts.
In 2025, sales to Pepsi constituted 43.2% of our total revenue. As of December 31, 2025, receivables from Pepsi represented 46.2% of our total receivables. The loss of Pepsi or Pepsi's affiliates as our customers could significantly impact our operations, potentially resulting in a material adverse effect on our financial results.
Sales and Marketing
In our sales and marketing approach, we prioritize differentiation, ensuring our brands and products stand out visually and distinctively from other beverages on the shelves of retailers. We continuously review and refresh our products and packaging to maintain uniqueness and appeal. In addition to maximizing product visibility in stores, we focus on developing brand awareness through targeted marketing initiatives, such as sporting events, print (e.g., print displays), radio, digital and streaming platforms, online and social media, television advertising, direct sponsorships, endorsements and in-store displays to promote our brands. Additionally, our branded vehicles are deployed at events for product sampling and to enhance consumer engagement.
Seasonality
As is common in the functional energy drink industry, product sales tend to be seasonal, with the highest volumes typically occurring during the second and third calendar quarters, aligning with the warmer months in our key markets. However, over the course of a full year, these seasonal fluctuations have not had a material impact on our financial results.
Competition
Our products compete broadly with not only functional energy drinks, but all categories of non-alcoholic liquid refreshments. The functional energy drink and liquid refreshment sectors are highly competitive and include international, national, regional and local producers and distributors. Our direct competitors in the functional energy drink sector include but are not limited to Monster Beverage Corporation, Red Bull GmbH, The Coca-Cola Company, Pepsi, Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., Nestlé S.A., BlueTriton Brands, Starbucks Corporation, Congo Brands and Molson Coors.
Intellectual Property Rights
We have registered, or have filed applications to register the CELSIUS ® , ALANI NU ® and ROCKSTAR ® trademarks, among others, with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, as well as a number of trademarks in other countries where our products are distributed and sold. Our trademarks are of considerable value and importance to our business and we actively maintain and renew these registrations to ensure their continued validity.
To protect the proprietary nature of our product formulas, we employ measures such as confidentiality agreements with our contract packers and ingredient suppliers. We maintain these formulas as trade secrets, which we believe is the preferable method of protection, as patenting would require disclosure.
In addition, we assert copyright ownership of the statements, graphics, and content on our product packaging and marketing materials. We actively pursue legal action againstunauthorized use of our trademarks, trade dress and copyrights. For simplicity, trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names in this Report may appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but this does not imply a waiver of our rights or those of applicable licensors under the law.
Government Regulation
The production, distribution and sale of our products in the U.S. are subject to numerous federal, state and local statutes and regulations, including, without limitation the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Additionally, various environmental statutes and regulations apply to the production, transportation, sale, safety, advertising, labeling, packaging and ingredients of our products. This includes adhering to data privacy and personal data protection laws and regulations, such as the CCPA, in applicable jurisdictions.
We are also subject to various state laws, including California's Proposition 65, which requires that a specific warning appears on any product that contains a component listed by California as having been found to cause cancer or birth defects. Currently, none of our products are required to display warnings under this law.
Internationally, we rely on outsourced manufacturing and distribution channels, which are subject to compliance with the laws and regulations in the foreign countries where our products are sold. Certain international markets, including countries in the European Union, have specific energy drink standards and ingredient restrictions that we closely monitor and with which we must comply.
Compliance with Environmental Laws
Our co-packers and internal manufacturing facilities in the U.S. are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, the use of water resources and recycling. Similarly, our operations in other countries are governed by respective environmental laws. Changes in environmental compliance mandates and any expenditures necessary to comply with such requirements, have not to date had a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, financial results, competitive position or future growth.
We also monitor emerging climate-related regulations, including California’s SB 253 and SB 261, which require detailed greenhouse gas emissions disclosures and climate-related financial risk reporting. These requirements and associated deadlines continue to evolve and we actively track updates to ensure timely compliance.
Container Deposits
Measures have been enacted in various localities and states that require that a deposit be charged for certain non-refillable beverage containers. The precise requirements imposed by these measures vary by jurisdiction. For certain localities and states, we are required to collect deposits from our customers and to remit such deposits to the respective jurisdictions based upon the number of cans and bottles of certain carbonated and non-carbonated products sold in such states. In many instances, we rely on third party providers and distribution partners to help ensure compliance with these regulatory requirements.
Other deposit, recycling or product stewardship proposals have been introduced in certain states, localities and in Congress. We anticipate that similar legislation or regulations may be proposed in the future at the local, state and federal levels, both in the U.S. and internationally.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2025, the Company employed 1,497 people globally, including both direct employees and those engaged through professional employer organizations. This total includes 1,335 in North America (comprising 1,322 in the U.S. and 13 in Canada), 158 in the EMEA region and 4 in the Asia-Pacific region.
Employees
We believe people are our most important assets and we strive to attract and retain high-performing talent. Through comprehensive and competitive compensation and benefits, ongoing education and development opportunities and a focus on health and well-being, we strive to support our employees in all aspects of their lives.
We believe we have a talented, motivated and dedicated team and work to create an inclusive, safe and supportive environment for all team members. Our workforce management practices are designed to align with applicable employment laws and regulations and to support the Company’s strategic objectives.
As a global organization, we recognize and respect the diverse cultural, economic and regulatory landscapes in which we operate. We aim to adapt our talent management strategies to ensure that we equitably support the members of our global workforce, including tailoring our strategies on a regional basis, whether through localized compensation packages, regional professional development opportunities or culturally inclusive benefits.
As of December 31, 2025, none of our domestic employees and only a limited number of our employees located in Europe, were represented by a labor union or have terms of employment that are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationships with our employees to be strong and have not experienced any work stoppages.
Use of Technology & AI in Workforce Management
We use technology, including data analytics tools and limited AI-enabled applications, to support certain human capital management activities such as workforce planning, recruiting process efficiencies, learning and development administration and internal reporting. These tools are intended to assist, rather than replace, human judgment and decision-making. We do not rely on AI as the sole basis for any employment-related decisions, including hiring, compensation, performance evaluation or termination.
Our use of AI is subject to internal governance, policies and oversight designed to promote responsible use, data privacy, security and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including our Responsible AI Framework, which guides the safe, secure and purpose-aligned adoption of AI technologies. Human review and oversight are incorporated into relevant processes to mitigate the risk of bias, errors or unintended outcomes. We periodically review our practices as technology, regulatory expectations and business needs evolve.
Diversity
We believe that our culture celebrates diverse talent, individual identity and different points of view, which includes empowering our employees to contribute new ideas that may contribute to our success. Women and racial and ethnic minorities collectively constitute a meaningful part of our overall workforce across various levels of our organization.
Culture and Engagement
We believe empowering employees at all levels is essential to the ongoing improvement of our organization. Open and honest communication among team members, managers and leaders helps create an open, collaborative work environment. Team members are encouraged to raise questions, provide feedback and share concerns through established management channels.
We regularly seek employee feedback through surveys, focus groups and one-on-one meetings. This feedback is reviewed by management and, where appropriate, informs updates to policies, practices and engagement initiatives.
Leadership, Training and Development
We invest in learning and development opportunities intended to enhanceleadership capabilities, functional skills and overall effectiveness. Our training programs include a mix of formal and informal learning opportunities, which may vary by role, function and region. These programs are designed to support employee development, engagement and retention.
Our leadership development efforts focus on identifying and developing future leaders and supporting succession planning. Programs emphasize skills such as strategic thinking, decision-making and people management. Participation in leadership and development programs is subject to business needs, role requirements and individual performance considerations.
Compensation and Benefits
We seek to provide competitive and equitable compensation programs designed to attract and retain talent and align employee contributions with Company performance. Our compensation programs are structured based on factors such as role, skills, experience, geographic location and market data. We conduct periodic pay equity analyses to help assess our compensation practices and, where appropriate, make adjustments. As permitted by local law, we may also perform adverse impact analyses related to compensation elements. These analyses are intended to inform management and do not guarantee specific outcomes. We offer a range of benefits that vary by country and region, which may include health and welfare benefits, retirement savings plans, paid time off, incentive programs and equity-based awards for eligible employees.
Oversight
The Compensation Committee of our Board provides oversight of our human capital management strategies, including compensation philosophies and programs, leadership development and succession planning, and diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. Management is responsible for the day to-day execution of these programs and regularly reports to the Compensation Committee on relevant matters.
We believe our approach to human capital resources supports our business strategy and long-term growth objectives.
Available Information and Use of Our Company Website to Disseminate Information
This Report, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements on schedule 14A and all amendments to those reports are made available free of charge through the Company’s website, at www.celsiusholdingsinc.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Additionally, the foregoing reports and amendments thereto are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
We inform our investors and the public of material corporate information through various channels, including SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts and our official corporate website at www.celsiusholdingsinc.com. We have used and expect to continue to use, our website as a means of disclosing material information to the public in a broad, non-exclusionary manner, including for purposes of the SEC's Regulation Fair Disclosure. This information may include, without limitation, updates on our financial performance, significant personnel changes, brand developments and other pertinent matters. We regard the content posted on our corporate website as potentially material to our investors. Therefore, we encourage our investors, the media, customers, consumers, business partners and other stakeholders to regularly review the materials we disseminate through these platforms. Periodically, we may modify the list of communication channels for disseminating material information. Any such changes will be communicated and updated on our website. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of and is not incorporated by reference into, this Report or any other filings we make with the SEC.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the other information contained in this Report, including in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto, you should carefully consider the following risks. The occurrence of any of the events discussed below could significantly and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risk Factors Related to Our Business
We rely on distributors to distribute our products in the DSD channel and in international markets. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing distributors, our business will suffer.
We distribute CELSIUS ® products in the DSD channel through agreements with established distributors that provide sales, marketing, and distribution infrastructure. Since 2022, we have maintained an exclusive distribution agreement with Pepsi for certain territories in the U.S., which we extended in 2023 and 2024 to include parts of Canada. In August 2025, we further expanded our partnership with Pepsi through the A&R Distribution Agreements, under which Pepsi serves as the primary distributor for our portfolio, including Alani Nu and Rockstar, in the U.S. and Canada. Internationally, we maintain exclusive agreements with the Suntory Group to distribute CELSIUS ® products, including Lucozade Ribena Suntory Limited for the United Kingdom, Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Ireland; Frucor Suntory Australia Pty Limited and Frucor Suntory New Zealand Limited for Australia and New Zealand, respectively; and Orangina Schweppes France and Schweppes Suntory Benelux SA for France, Monaco, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. We are substantially reliant on these multiyear distribution arrangements and their respective counterparties to support our growth in the respective territories. Many of these distributors also manufacture or distribute competing beverage products, and their sales and marketing priorities are critical to our success. If our distributors do not promote our products effectively or prioritize our portfolio relative to competing brands, or if we fail to attract or transition to new distributors on a timely basis, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
We have extensive commercial arrangements with Pepsi and, as a result, significant disagreements with Pepsi or a termination of these arrangements could materially adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.
In 2025, sales to Pepsi constituted 43.2% of our total net revenue, and receivables from Pepsi represented 46.2% of our total receivables as of December 31, 2025. Pepsi is our primary distributor for our products in the U.S. and the exclusive distributor of our products in select territories in Canada. As we continue to streamline and optimize our distribution strategy, we expect our reliance on Pepsi to remain significant and may increase over time. Accordingly, we are dependent on Pepsi's domestic and Canadian distribution. Given the significant concentration of our supply chain with Pepsi, Pepsi can influence our strategic decision making as we seek to expand and grow our product lines, and any significant disagreement or a termination of our arrangements with Pepsi could prevent us from distributing our products and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Pepsi’s increased ownership stake and additional Board representation may allow it to exert greater influence over our strategic and governance decisions.
Pepsi holds a significant ownership position in the Company through its preferred equity investments and has two designated directors serving on the Board. As a result, Pepsi may exert greater influence over certain strategic, operational and governance matters, including decisions related to distribution, marketing priorities and long-term business planning. The interests of Pepsi may not always align with those of our other stockholders. In addition, under our A&R Distribution Agreements and the Captaincy, Pepsi has a prominent role in the commercialization and distribution of our portfolio in the U.S. While we believe this partnership provides substantial benefits, the increased ownership and Board representation by Pepsi could create potential conflicts of interest, affect our ability to operate independently or limit our flexibility in pursuing alternative strategic initiatives. Any such influence could have a material impact on our governance practices, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our ability to successfully execute our responsibilities under the Captaincy and the A&R Distribution Agreements with Pepsi is critical to our long-term performance.
Our A&R Distribution Agreements with Pepsi and related Transaction Agreement formalized the Captaincy, which has been designed to strengthen coordination within Pepsi’s U.S. distribution system by giving us more influence over category management decisions such as product facings, merchandising allocations and promotional execution for our brands. While this structure enhancescollaboration with Pepsi and market visibility, it also requires significant alignment with Pepsi’s operational priorities and execution capabilities. Any failure by either us or Pepsi to fulfill its obligations, maintain consistent execution or effectively manage our business under the Captaincy could result in lost sales opportunities, channel inefficiencies or reputational harm. Because the Captaincy is central to the long-term distribution of CELSIUS ® , Alani Nu ® and Rockstar ® in the U.S., any deterioration in this relationship or inability to perform under the arrangement could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we fail to manage future growth effectively, our business could be materially adversely affected.
We have grown rapidly in recent years and we expect our expansion to continue as we enter additional international markets and potentially pursue additional strategic expansion opportunities in the U.S. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we grew to 1,497 employees, and we expect to further expand our hiring and marketing efforts; however, we can provide no assurance that our business or revenue will continue to grow and any growth may place significant demands on management and our operational infrastructure. As we continue to grow, we must manage such growth effectively by successfully integrating, developing and motivating a large number of new employees, including those employed by companies we acquire, while maintaining the beneficial aspects of our company culture. If we do not manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our products and efficiency of our operations could suffer and we may not be able to execute on our business plan, which could harm our brands and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that we will achieve our planned growth, or that we will continue to sustain such growth or performance.
Our demand generation strategies through social media and the use of third-parties, including celebrities, social media influencers, and others, as well as the expanding use of AI tools and AI-generated content, may expose us to risk of negative publicity, litigation, and/or regulatory enforcement action, which could impact our future profitability.
We rely on marketing through social media and by social media influencers and celebrity spokespersons that represent our brands to generate demand for our products. The promotion of our brands, products and services through social media, including by social media influencers and celebrities, is subject to FTC regulations and guidance that require clear disclosure of any compensatory arrangements between us and such endorsers in their public statements or reviews about the Company or our products. These social media influencers and celebrities, with whom we maintain relationships, could engage in activities or behaviors or use their platforms to communicate directly with our customers in a manner that violates applicable requirements or reflects poorly on our brand and that behavior may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. Influencers and celebrities who are associated with us may engage in behavior that is unrelated to us but that causes damage to our brand because of these associations or may make claimsagainst us whether or not based on facts.
In addition, the rapid growth of AI-generated content increases the risk that misinformation, manipulated media, or unauthorized endorsements relating to our products could be created and disseminated without our knowledge or consent. AI tools may also facilitate the automated spread or amplification of false or misleading information about our ingredients, product safety or business practices. Due to the inherent nature of social media and the speed with which AI-driven content can propagate, we may be unable to detect or correct such information before it reaches a wide audience and causes harm to our brands. Any negative publicity, regulatory action or litigation arising from influencer activity, third-party conduct or the dissemination of AI-generated or AI-amplified misinformation could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Consolidation of retailers, wholesalers and distributors in the industry may result in downward pressure on sales prices and the changing landscape of the retail market, including the growth of e-commerce, could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our industry is being affected by consolidation in retail channels, particularly in North America and Europe. Consolidation can cause significant downward pricing pressure and can impose additional costs on us. Retailers may seek lower prices from us, may demand increased marketing or promotional expenditures in support of their businesses and may be more likely to use their distribution networks to introduce and develop private-label brands, any of which could negatively affect our profitability. As a result of increased consolidation of ownership and purchasing power in the retail industry, large retailers with increased purchasing power may reduce the prices which they are willing to pay for our products and may also adversely impact our ability to compete in many markets. Additionally, our smaller customers' ability to compete with large retailers may be adversely impacted, resulting in their inability to pay for our products, which, in turn, would reduce our sales. Any inability to successfully manage the potential impact of these commercial changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our industry is also being affected by the growth in sales through e-commerce retailers, e-commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and subscription services, which may result in a shift away from physical retail operations to digital channels. We may not be able to develop and maintain successful relationships with existing and new e-commerce retailers without suffering a deterioration of our relationships with key customers operating physical retail channels. If we are unable to successfully adapt to the rapidly changing retail landscape, including the growth in digital commerce, our share of sales, volume growth and overall financial results could be negatively affected. In addition, our success depends in part on our ability to maintain good relationships with key retail customers. The loss of one or more of our key retail customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We predominantly rely on co-packers to manufacture our products. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our co-packers or their ability to manufacture our products becomes constrained or unavailable to us, our business could suffer.
We directly manufacture a portion of our products but outsource the majority of manufacturing to co-packers. Within North America, we have established a network model that leverages co-packers and warehousing across various geographical areas. This model also includes alternative warehousing and co-packing arrangements to mitigate risks and reduce our reliance on any single geographical area. These co-packers may be unable to meet our demand as it arises, fail to comply with our product specifications, charge rates that make using their services cost inefficient, or may be unable or unwilling to provide their services to us on a timely basis or at all. In addition, we may enter into manufacturing or supply agreements that include minimum order quantity requirements, and if we fail to meet such requirements, we could be subject to contractual penalties, increased costs, or potential disputes or litigation. There could also be food safety concerns or other regulatory compliance issues with our co-packers, which could require them to (temporarily or permanently) cease manufacturing product and/or necessitate destruction of product that they have already manufactured.
Any failure by our co-packers to comply with applicable food safety, quality, labor, environmental or other regulatory requirements, or any actual or perceived product contamination, quality issue or misconduct at a co-packer facility, could result in product recalls, regulatory action, litigation, negative publicity, or loss of consumer confidence in our brands. Such events could have a disproportionate impact on our reputation and brand value, even if isolated to a single co-packer or limited production run.
In the event of any disruption or delay in production of product by our co-packers, whether caused by a rift in our relationship or the inability of our co-packers to manufacture our products as required, we would need to secure the services of alternative co-packers. We may be unable to procure alternative packing facilities at commercially reasonable rates or within a reasonably short time period, and any such transition could be costly.
In addition, although we acquired one of our co-packers on November 1, 2024, such acquisition does not mitigate the risks presented by our continued reliance on third-party co-packers and instead exposes us to additional risks associated with owning and operating a manufacturing facility, including operational disruptions, labor and safety issues, capital and maintenance costs, increased regulatory compliance requirements and potential reputational harm, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may not be able to successfully integrate Alani Nu, Rockstar or other businesses that we may acquire in the future or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions, and any such acquisitions may expose us to potential brand overlap, market cannibalization or cultural integration challenges.
The successful integration of Alani Nu, Rockstar or other businesses that we may acquire involves complex operational, financial and cultural challenges. These integrations require significant financial or management attention and resources, including aligning accounting policies, systems and controls, consolidating technology platforms and supply chains and harmonizing business practices and corporate cultures. Integration efforts may also create demands on management related to the increased scale of our operations and may divert attention from ongoing daily activities. We must retain key employees critical to managing the integration of acquired departments and information systems while maintaining consistent internal controls and procedures. In addition, integration activities may expose us to undisclosed or potential liabilities associated with acquired entities. If we fail to effectively execute integration plans and achieve operational alignment across brands, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits, synergies or operating efficiencies, which could result in lower revenue, increased costs or reduced profitability. The costs of achieving these benefits may be higher, or the timing may be longer than we expect. Furthermore, our acquisitions have increased our indebtedness and will result in ongoing interest, contingent liability and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Alani Nu and Rockstar acquisitions have expanded our portfolio into new energy and wellness segments, which may create overlap in consumer bases, retail placement or brand positioning. While we view these acquisitions as complementary to our business, there is a risk that certain product offerings may compete for similar customers or retail shelf space, leading to brand cannibalization or dilution. Effectively managing brand identity, pricing strategies and promotional focus across our expanded portfolio is critical to maintaining distinct market positioning. In addition, the integration of Alani Nu and Rockstar requires the alignment of different brand cultures, marketing approaches and operational models. If we are unable to successfully differentiate our brands, preserve their individual strengths or integrate their operations and teams without disruption, our growth potential could be limited and our results of operations and brand equity could be adversely affected.
Alani Nu, Rockstar or other acquired businesses may have liabilities that are not known to us.
Alani Nu, Rockstar or other acquired businesses may have liabilities that are not known to us. We may fail to identify, or be unable to discover, certain liabilities during the course of our due diligence investigations. We cannot assure you that the indemnification rights available to us under the acquisition agreements for Alani Nu or Rockstar, or the representation and warranty insurance procured in connection with those agreements, will be sufficient in amount, scope or duration to offset potential liabilities associated with the businesses or properties acquired. Following the acquisitions, we may learn additional information that materially adversely affects us, such as unknown or contingent liabilities, including those related to compliance with applicable laws, tax matters, employment obligations or product claims. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Growth through acquisitions involves a number of risks and an inability or failure to address the challenges associated with strategic transactions and related integration risks could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We regularly review and evaluate potential acquisitions, joint ventures, distribution agreements, divestitures and other strategic transactions. The success of these transactions depends on our ability to identify suitable opportunities, obtain required consents and approvals and realize the expected benefits, cost savings and synergies within anticipated timeframes, if at all. Growth through acquisitions involves a number of risks, including challenges in identifying and completing transactions with complementary businesses, integrating acquired operations and management teams, maintaining effective internal controls and retaining key employees and customer relationships. Such transactions may divert management’s attention from ongoing operations, result in the issuance of equity that dilutes existing stockholders, or require us to incur significant debt or contingent liabilities.
Our customers are material to our success. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing customers, our business could suffer.
Our customers, including distributors, grocery chains, convenience chains, drug stores, nutrition stores, mass merchants, club warehouses and other customers, may decide for any reason or no reason at all to discontinue carrying all or any of our products, which could cause our business to suffer. Such decisions are outside of our control and may be made based upon any number of reasons, including cost, changing consumer tastes and preferences and the availability of competing products. Such a loss of customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increases in cost or shortages of raw materials or increases in costs of co-packing could harm our business .
The principal raw materials used in producing our products are flavors and ingredient blends as well as aluminum cans, the prices of which are subject to fluctuation. We are uncertain whether the prices of any of the foregoing or any other raw materials or ingredients we utilize will rise in the future and whether we will be able to pass any of such increases on to our customers. We do not use hedging agreements or alternative instruments to manage the risks associated with securing sufficient ingredients or other raw materials. In addition, some of these raw materials are available only from a limited number of suppliers. In the past, our industry has experienced shortages of aluminum cans. Periodic and often unpredictable industry-wide shortages of raw materials, including aluminum cans, could disrupt or delay the production of certain products and adversely affect our financial performance. As alternative sources of supply may not be available, any interruption in the supply of such raw materials could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Tariffs, inflationary pressures and global supply-chain disruptions could increase costs and reduce profitability.
Tariffs, inflationary pressures and global supply-chain disruptions could increase our costs and reduce profitability. The imposition or expansion of tariffs on raw materials, packaging or imported goods, including aluminum, may increase production and distribution costs or limit the availability of key inputs. While tariffs have not materially impacted our results of operations to date, inflationary trends affecting commodities, freight, labor and fuel can also increase our cost base and reduce margins. In addition, supply-chain disruptions, whether driven by geopolitical events, trade restrictions, transportation constraints or macroeconomic volatility, could delay product shipments, increase lead times and impact our ability to meet customer demand. Although we seek to mitigate these risks through supplier diversification and cost management initiatives, our ability to recover increased costs through pricing is limited by competitive market conditions. Sustained or worsening inflation, tariff actions or supply-chain instability could materially adversely affect our operations, financial condition and results of operations.
We must continually maintain, protect, and upgrade our information-technology systems, including protecting against internal and external cyber-security threats, data breaches and emerging AI-driven attacks. Any such breach or system failure could result in significant business disruption, reputational harm and regulatory exposure.
IT enables us to operate efficiently, manage and support customer-facing digital interactions, maintain financial accuracy and safeguard proprietary data. If we fail to allocate and manage sufficient resources to build and maintain proper technology infrastructure, we could be exposed to transaction errors, process inefficiencies, data breaches, business interruptions, an inability to process or fulfill customer orders or loss of intellectual property and brand value. Cybersecurity threats, whether from hackers, criminal groups or nation-state actors, continue to evolve and may include malicious software, phishing, social engineering, cyber extortion or unauthorized access to networks and data, including malicious or negligent actions by employees or other insiders. The emergence of AI has further increased the speed, sophistication and frequency of these threats. Any such incident could lead to business disruptions, system outages, loss of customer or confidential information, data alteration or destruction, reputational harm and regulatory or legal exposure.
We rely extensively on enterprise resource planning systems and other IT systems to support key business processes, including financial reporting, accounting, inventory management, supply chain operations and other operational activities. The effective operation of these systems depends on their integrity, availability and ability to integrate with other internal and third-party systems. Any failure, disruption, degradation or security incident affecting our enterprise resource planning systems, including those arising from system defects, human error, power outages, cyber incidents, unsuccessful upgrades or implementations or reliance on third-party vendors, could impair our ability to operate efficiently, process transactions accurately or produce timely and reliable financial information. Such events could result in operational disruptions, control deficiencies, remediation costs or delays in reporting and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We also rely on numerous third parties, including suppliers, distributors, co-packers, cloud providers and other business partners, for critical technology and operational functions. Our reliance on cloud service providers such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and other third-party platforms exposes us to risks from service interruptions, outages or security failures outside of our control. Prolongeddowntime or performance issues with these providers could impair our ability to process transactions, manage operations or access essential data. Because we do not control the cybersecurity or data protection practices of these third parties, breaches or outages affecting their systems could also compromise our data or disrupt our operations. Because we do not control the operations, governance, or compliance practices of these third parties, our reliance on them may increase our exposure to cybersecurity incidents, business interruptions, and regulatory or legal risk. Although we maintain procedures, training and insurance coverage designed to reduce these risks, no system is completely secure or immune to interruption. Coordination with third-party providers in responding to an incident may delay containment or mitigation efforts, increasing potential losses.
We use AI and automated technologies in certain operational, analytical and forecasting processes and overreliance on, or errors in these systems, could impair decision-making, disrupt operations or introduce unintendedvulnerabilities. A significant cybersecurity breach, third-party outage or prolonged system failure could result in violations of data protection laws, reputational damage, operational delays, loss of intellectual property or material financial costs. There can be no assurance that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all losses associated with such incidents or will remain available on commercially reasonable terms. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Furthermore, as with many innovations, AI presents risks, challenges and unintended consequences that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. AI algorithms and training methodologies may be flawed, ineffective or inadequate. The rapid evolution of AI, particularly the anticipated government regulation of AI, could require significant resources for compliance, whether in the development, testing or maintenance of such systems or software. AI development or deployment practices by us or third-party providers could increase vulnerability to cybersecurity risks and require additional resources to implement heightened cybersecurity measures to protect the security of our data. These potential issues and other failures of any potential AI systems could subject us to competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability and brand or reputational harm.
The legal, regulatory and ethical landscape surrounding the use of AI and machine learning technologies is rapidly evolving. As we use AI and automated tools in certain operational, analytical, marketing and forecasting activities, we have established a Responsible AI Framework that sets forth principles, governance and operational practices intended to support the responsible, safe and secure deployment of these technologies in alignment with our business objectives, values and regulatory obligations; however, the effectiveness of this framework cannot be fully assured given the evolving nature of AI technologies and applicable regulations. AI systems may produce inaccurate, biased or misleading outputs, compromise confidential or sensitive information, or give rise to intellectual property or data-related claims, despite the application of the Responsible AI Framework, any of which could result in operational disruptions, increased costs, regulatory scrutiny or reputational harm and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our failure to accurately estimate demand for our products could adversely affect our business and financial results.
We may not correctly estimate demand for our products. Our ability to estimate demand for our products relies on various assumptions that may ultimately prove to be incorrect, particularly with regard to new products and our estimates may be less precise during periods of growth, including in new markets. If we materially underestimate demand for our products or, as discussed above, we are unable to secure sufficient ingredients, flavors, aluminum cans and other raw materials or packaging materials for our products or we experience difficulties with our co-packing arrangements, including production shortages or quality issues, we might not be able to satisfy demand on a short-term basis.
If we do not accurately anticipate the future demand for a particular product or the time it will take to obtain new inventory, our inventory levels may be inadequate and our results of operations may be negatively impacted. If we fail to meet our shipping schedules, we could damage our relationships with distributors or retailers, increase our distribution costs or cause sales opportunities to be delayed or lost. In order to be able to deliver our products on a timely basis, we need to maintain adequate inventory levels of the desired products. Conversely, we may experience a decrease in demand due to activities outside of our control, such as a general decrease in the demand for energy drinks, consumers shifting preferences away from our products and to our competitors or to alternative beverages or the actions of our third-party distributors or retailers. If the inventory of our products held by our distributors or retailers is too high, they will not place orders for additional products, which could unfavorably impact our future sales. Any inability to maintain sufficient product quantities as sales increase or to anticipate future decreases in product demand for any reason, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Significant additional labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products may inhibit sales of our products.
Various jurisdictions may adopt additional product labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products as a result of, among other things, the ingredients we use or allegations that our products cause adverse health effects. If these types of requirements become applicable to one or more of our products, they may inhibit sales of such products. For example, under one such law in California, known as Proposition 65, if the State has determined that a substance causes cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, a warning must be provided for any product sold in the state that exposes consumers to that substance, unless the exposure falls under an established safe harbor level or another exemption is applicable. If we were required to add Proposition 65 warnings on the labels of one or more of our products produced for sale in California, the resulting consumer reaction to the warnings and possible adverse publicity could negatively affect our sales both in California and in other markets. In addition, we are aware of ongoing efforts in the U.S. and in certain foreign countries to seek governmental review of the energy drink industry, including with respect to advertising claims, health claims, caffeine content and marketing to individuals under the age of 18. Should we become the target of government review or experience limitations on or additional requirements with respect to the marketing or sale of our products, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely impacted.
Our continued expansion outside of the U.S. exposes us to uncertain conditions and other risks in international markets.
We sell our products internationally in a variety of markets and distribute products through third-parties in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands, Isle of Man, Ireland, France and Monaco and Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. In 2024, we established our global center of excellence in Dublin, Ireland, to, among other things, better support our international expansion goals. In support of these goals, we aligned our global operating model with international business strategies and evolving tax regulations. While these efforts are intended to enhance our international growth and tax strategies, they expose us to risks, including challenges in complying with complex and evolving tax laws, transfer pricing regulations and local ingredient requirements across multiple jurisdictions. Changes in tax laws or regulatory enforcement priorities could adversely impact the anticipated benefits of our restructuring or result in increased tax liabilities, disputes or penalties. As our growth strategy includes continuing the expansion in these and other international markets, if our current efforts are unsuccessful or if we are unable to continue to expand distribution of our products outside the U.S., our growth rate could be adversely affected. Although we do, and we intend to continue to, sell through established distributors in international markets, we have limited or no operating experience in many of such markets, and it may be costly to promote our brands internationally.
We face and will continue to face substantial risks associated with foreign distribution and sale of our products, including economic or political instability in various international markets; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; restrictions on or costs relating to the repatriation of foreign profits to the U.S., including possible taxes or withholding obligations on any repatriations and tariffs or trade restrictions. Also, distribution and sale of products outside of the U.S. are subject to risks relating to compliance with legal and regulatory requirements in local jurisdictions, potentially higher product damage rates if our products are shipped long distances, potentially higher incidence of fraud or corruption, credit risk of distributors and potentially adverse tax consequences. Our products have also been sold without our consent outside of our distribution networks which can, among other things, expose us to regulatory scrutiny should our products be sold or consumed in markets without proper approvals. In addition, U.S. based brands could be subjected to unfavorable global sentiment based on geopolitical factors that are outside of our control. Any of these risks, or a failure to achieve the intended outcomes for our international operations hub, could have a significant impact on our ability to distribute and sell our products on a competitive basis in international markets or result in the imposition of fines or lost revenue, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Numerous U.S. and international laws, including export and import controls, affect our ability to compete in international markets.
U.S. export control laws and economic and trade sanctions prohibit the provision of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being shipped or provided to embargoed countries and U.S. sanctions targets, they could be shipped, or provided by our distributors, to those countries and targets despite such precautions. The provision of goods in violation of U.S. export controls or sanctions could have negative consequences for our business, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. We must also comply with U.S. import laws.
U.S. laws such as the FCPA also impact our international activities. We are subject to the FCPA and other laws that prohibit improper payments and offers to foreign officials and political parties for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Selling products into international markets, including through distributors, creates the risk of unauthorized payments or offers, for which we may be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or other applicable anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws may result in severecriminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in export and import regulations, economic sanctions and related laws, shifts in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, changes in the countries, governments or persons targeted by such regulations and the imposition of tariffs may create delays in the introduction and sale of our products in international markets, result in decreased ability to export or sell our products to existing or potential customers with international operations or in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments or persons.
Actions taken with respect to new or increased tariffs or trade relations between the U.S. and other countries, could impact the cost and availability of our products, including our raw materials used in production. These impacts may lead to higher prices or reduced availability, which could negatively affect our sales performance. Retaliatory actions by other countries may also have an adverse impact our business. The failure to comply with applicable current or future U.S. import, export control, sanctions and anti-corruption laws, including U.S. Customs regulations, could expose us and our employees to substantial civil or criminalpenalties, fines and in extreme cases, incarceration. In addition, if our distributors fail to obtain appropriate import, export or re-export licenses or authorizations, or otherwise act in accordance with applicable laws, we may be adversely affected through reputational harm and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We depend upon our trademarks and proprietary rights and any failure to protect our intellectual property rights or any claims that we are infringing upon the rights of others may adversely affect our competitive position.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to protect our current and future brands and products and to defend our intellectual property rights. We cannot be sure that trademarks will be issued with respect to any future trademark applications or that our competitors will not challenge, invalidate or circumvent any existing or future trademarks issued to, or licensed by us. Advances in AI may also make it easier for third parties to create or disseminate unauthorized or confusingly similar brand or product images, which could increase infringement or counterfeiting risks. Any failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or any claims that we are infringing on the rights of others, could adversely affect our competitive position, business or financial results.
Our primary products are manufactured using our proprietary blends of ingredients. These blends are created by third-party suppliers to our specifications and then supplied to our co-packers. Although all of the third parties in our supply and manufacture chain execute confidentiality agreements, there can be no assurance that our trade secrets, including our proprietary ingredient blends will not become known to competitors.
We believe that our competitors, many of whom are more established, may be able to replicate or reverse engineer our processes, brands, flavors or our products in a manner that could circumvent our protective safeguards. Therefore, we cannot give you any assurance that our confidential business information will remain proprietary. Any such loss of confidentiality could diminish or eliminate any competitive advantage provided by our proprietary information, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we fail to comply with data privacy and personal data protection laws, we could be subject to adverse publicity, government enforcement actions or private litigation, which may negatively impact our business and operating results.
We receive, process, transmit and store information relating to certain identified or identifiable individuals (“personal data”), including current and former employees, in the ordinary course of business. As a result, we are subject to various U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations relating to personal data. These laws are subject to change and new personal data legislation may be enacted in other jurisdictions at any time. In the European Union, the GDPR became effective in May 2018 for all member states. The GDPR includes operational requirements for companies receiving or processing personal data of residents of the European Union different from those that were previously in place and also includes significant penalties for noncompliance. In addition, the European Union has adopted the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, which establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework governing the development, deployment and use of certain AI and automated systems, including requirements relating to data governance, transparency, risk management and human oversight. Other examples of certain requirements we face include those with respect to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the CCPA, the California Privacy Rights Act, the Colorado Privacy Act and the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act. Any such legislation can impose onerous and costly requirements on companies. For example, the CCPA provides a private right of action and statutory damages for certain data breaches and imposes operational requirements on companies that process personal data of California residents, including making disclosures to consumers, employees and B2B contacts about data collection, processing and sharing practices and allowing consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third-parties.
Changes introduced by the GDPR, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, the CCPA and such other legislation, as well as other changes to existing personal data protection laws and the introduction of such laws in other jurisdictions, and changes to regulation, industry standards and contractual obligations, subject the Company to, among other things, additional costs and expenses and may require costly changes to our business practices and security systems, policies, procedures and practices. The interpretation and application of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and evolving; as a result, there can be no assurance that our data protection measures will be deemed adequate by a regulator or court. There can be no assurances that our security controls over personal data, training of personnel on data privacy and data security, vendor management processes and the policies, procedures and practices we implement will prevent the improper processing or breaches of personal data. Data breaches or improper processing, or breaches of personal data in violation of the GDPR, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, the CCPA or of such other personal data protection or privacy laws and regulations in existence today or in the future, could harm our reputation, cause loss of consumer confidence, subject us to government enforcement actions (including fines), and mandatory corrective action, or result in private litigationagainst us, which may result in potential loss of revenue, increased costs, liability for monetary damages or fines or criminalprosecution, thereby materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may incur material losses as a result of product recalls, regulatory enforcement actions and liabilities related to our products.
Potential contamination that could cause foodborne illness, the presence of undisclosed major food allergens and/or other food safety concerns, whether or not caused by our actions, could lead to a voluntary product recall, regulatory enforcement action and/or private litigation. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
There are costs associated with undertaking a product recall, which may not be fully covered by our current and/or future insurance policies. If product is recalled and inventory is destroyed because of a food safety concern, it could also lead to loss of sales due to unavailability of product. Additionally, a recall could decrease future demand for product from existing customers and/or increase difficulty in attracting new customers. If the recall is a result of actions of a co-packer, raw material supplier or packaging material supplier, it could also result in damage to the relationship with that entity, which could potentially disrupt the supply of product(s) and/or increased costs associated with manufacturing the product(s).
There may also be regulatory action from federal, state or local agencies if a product is deemed to be adulterated and/or misbranded due to contamination, undisclosed major food allergens or other food safety issues. It could, for example, result in the issuance of a warning letter or another type of enforcement action from the FDA. There could also be state or federal civil and/or criminalpenalties associated with selling an adulterated and/or misbranded food product, even if it was done so inadvertently.
We may also be liable to consumers if the consumption of any of our products causes injury, illness or death. The amount of the insurance we carry is limited, and that insurance is subject to certain exclusions and may or may not be adequate. Accordingly, consumer class action litigation or a significant product liability judgment could cause us to incur material losses. Additionally, product tampering, either on a small or large scale, such as the introduction of foreign material, chemical contaminants or pathogenic organisms into our products, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. A product recall, regulatory enforcement action and/or litigation arising from any of the foregoing or otherwise, could on its own or as a result of long term reputational damage, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The FDA could take issue with the manufacturer, composition/ingredients, packaging, marketing/labeling, storage, transportation and/or distribution of our products.
The FDA does not pre-approve finished beverage products or the labeling of such products, so it has not approved our product formulations nor has it reviewed or approved any claims we make related to our products. If the FDA or any other governmental authority were to take issue with the claims we make about our products or other aspects of our product labeling, such as components of our facts panel, or require that we change or cease making certain claims or otherwise alter our marketing strategy, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. If the FDA or any other governmental authority were to take issue with any of the ingredients used in our products or any of the components of the packaging materials for our products this could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Any type of federal, state, or local regulatory enforcement action related to the manufacturing, transportation, storage and/or distribution of our products, whether taken against us or a third-party, such as a co-manufacturer, could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. This could include, for example, an enforcement action taken against us or one of our co-packers for failing to maintain an appropriate FDA registration or comply with applicable CGMP requirements.
Our advertising and promotional activities may be subject to regulatory review of the truthfulness and substantiation of product claims.
Our advertising, labeling and promotional activities are subject to a wide range of laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which our products are sold. In the U.S. our advertising activities are subject to regulation by the FTC under the Federal Trade Commission Act. In addition, our advertising and promotional activities are subject to state consumer protection and unfair competition laws, including laws such as California’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act and Unfair Competition Law. Outside the U.S., our advertising and promotional activities are subject to comparable consumer protection, unfair competition and misleading or deceptive conduct laws administered by governmental authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Any actions or investigations initiated against our business by governmental authorities or private litigants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The shifting regulatory environment through the various jurisdictions in which our products are sold necessitates building and maintaining robust internal control systems to achieve and maintain compliance in multiple jurisdictions and increases the possibility that we may violate one or more of the legal requirements. If our operations are found to be in violation of any applicable laws or regulations, then we may be subject to, without limitation, civil and criminalpenalties, damages, fines, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, injunctions, or product withdrawals, recalls or seizures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We rely on our management team and other key personnel.
We depend on the skills, experience, relationships and continued services of key personnel, including our experienced management team. In addition, our ability to achieve our operating goals also depends on our ability to recruit, train and retain qualified individuals. We compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for talented personnel and we may lose key personnel or fail to attract and retain additional talented personnel. Any such loss or failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In particular, our continued success will depend in part on our ability to retain the talents and dedication of key employees. Furthermore, we may not be able to locate suitable replacements for any of our key employees who leave or be able to offer employment to potential replacements on reasonable terms, all of which could adversely affect our procurement and distribution processes, sales and marketing activities and our financial processes, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we fail to attract or maintain a highly skilled and diverse workforce, our business could be negatively affected.
Our business requires that we attract, develop and maintain a highly skilled and diverse workforce. Our employees are highly sought after by our competitors and other companies and competition for existing and prospective personnel has increased. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract, retain, develop and motivate highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Moreover, the broader labor market continues to be impacted by numerous factors, including, but not limited to, wage inflation, labor shortages, increased employee turnover, changes in availability and a shift toward remote work, which, in turn, has created a shortage of qualified workers, thereby further increasing the competitive landscape of attracting and retaining qualified workers.
Consequently, we may not be able to successfully attract and maintain a highly skilled and diverse workforce that is necessary to support key capabilities such as e-commerce, social media and digital marketing and advertising and digital analytics. Changes in immigration laws and policies could also make it more difficult for us to recruit or relocate highly skilled technical, professional, and management personnel to meet our business needs. In certain European countries where employees are represented by unions, union activity, collective bargaining disputes or work stoppages could disrupt operations or increase costs and local labor laws may limit our flexibility to make workforce adjustments in response to changing business needs. The unexpectedloss of experienced and highly skilled employees due to an increase in aggressive recruiting for best-in-class talent could deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitiveness. Further, failure to attract, retain and develop associates from underrepresented communities can damage our business results and our reputation. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Global or regional catastrophic events could impact our operations and affect our ability to grow our business.
Because of our increasingly global presence, our business could be affected by unstable political conditions, civil unrest, protests and demonstrations, large-scale terrorist acts, especially those directed against the U.S. or other major industrialized countries where our products are distributed or the outbreak or escalation of armed hostilities. Such catastrophic events could impact our operations and our supply chain, including the production or distribution of our products. Materials or personnel may need to mobilize to other locations. Our U.S. headquarters and a large part of our operations are located in Florida, a state at significant risk of impacts from hurricanes. Some of the raw materials we use, including certain sizes of cans, are available from limited suppliers and a regional catastrophic event impacting such suppliers could adversely impact our operations. In addition, such events could disrupt global or regional economic activity, which could affect consumer purchasing power and consumers’ ability to purchase our products, thereby reducing demand for our products. If our operations are disrupted or we are unable to grow our business as a result of these factors, our growth rate could decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Climate change and natural disasters may affect our business.
There is concern that a gradual increase in global average temperatures due to increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere could cause significant changes in weather patterns around the globe and an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Changing weather patterns could result in decreased agricultural productivity in certain regions, or outbreaks of diseases or other health issues, which may limit availability or increase the cost of certain ingredients used in our products and could impact the food security of communities around the world. Increased frequency or duration of extreme weather conditions could also impair production capabilities, disrupt our supply chain or impact demand for our products.
Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes or floods and outbreaks of diseases or other health issues may disrupt our operations and supply chain, impact the operations of our distributors and unfavorably impact our consumers’ ability to purchase our products. Additionally, increased demand for electricity, including from the expansion of data centers supporting AI and other technologies, may contribute to higher power and utility costs, which could increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, public expectations for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could negatively impact our energy, transportation and raw material costs and may require us to make additional investments in facilities and equipment. Changes in applicable laws, regulations, standards or practices related to greenhouse gas emissions, packaging and water scarcity and reporting requirements with respect thereto, as well as initiatives by advocacy groups in favor of certain climate change-related laws, regulations, standards or practices, may result in increased compliance costs, capital expenditures and other financial obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We rely on the availability of sufficient quantities of quality water for the manufacture of our products. Water scarcity, drought conditions, restrictions on water usage, infrastructure limitations, increased water costs or heightened scrutiny of water sourcing practices in the jurisdictions in which we or our co-packers operate could disrupt production, limit manufacturing capacity or increase our operating costs. In addition, adverse publicity or regulatory action relating to water usage or sustainability practices, whether or not warranted, could negatively impact our brands and reputation. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Sales of our products may also be influenced to some extent by weather conditions in the markets in which we operate. We, along with our co-packers, use a number of key ingredients in the manufacture of our products that are derived from agricultural commodities. Increased demand for food products and decreased agricultural productivity in certain regions of the world as a result of changing weather patterns and other factors may limit the availability or increase the cost of such agricultural commodities and could impact the food security of communities around the world. Weather conditions, therefore, may influence consumer demand for certain of our products and otherwise impact our business and operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Compliance with climate-disclosure and environmental-reporting requirements may increase costs and regulatory risk.
We are subject to evolving federal, state and international regulations concerning climate-related disclosure and greenhouse gas emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency has made efforts to repeal or otherwise modify regulation of greenhouse gas emissions at the federal level, including issuing a proposal to revoke the Environmental Protection Agency’s greenhouse gas “Endangerment Finding,” which underpins the majority of the Environmental Protection Agency’s greenhouse gas regulations. Separately, various states and groups of states have adopted or are considering adopting legislation, regulations or other regulatory initiatives that are focused on such areas as greenhouse gas cap and trade programs, carbon taxes, reporting and tracking programs, disclosure of climate risk management, and restriction of emissions. California’s Climate Accountability Package, for example, may require companies doing business in the State of California to publicly disclose greenhouse gas emissions, climate-related financial risks and mitigation strategies in the future. We cannot predict whether any such efforts will ultimately be successful or what effects they may have on our business or results of operations.
At the international level, there exists the United Nations-sponsored “Paris Agreement,” which requires nations to submit non-binding greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals every five years after 2020, though in January 2025, the U.S. submitted notification to the United Nations that it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement regarding climate change, with the withdrawal effective January 27, 2026. Additionally, various agreements and commitments have been made at the annual Conference of the Parties to eliminate certain fossil fuel subsidies, phase out fossil fuels in energy systems, and pursue further action on non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, though none have been legally binding. The federal government has undertaken efforts to decrease the U.S.’ participation in such initiatives, including the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and all other agreements made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and has sought other legislative and regulatory changes related to climate change. Notwithstanding the U.S.' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, various state and local governments remain committed to the Paris Agreement.
Compliance with any applicable disclosure frameworks may increase our reporting and assurance costs, require additional data collection and systems investment and expose us to potential enforcement actions or reputational harm if our disclosures are viewed as inaccurate or insufficient. Expanding regulatory expectations around climate and environmental transparency could therefore result in higher compliance costs and legal exposure, which may adversely affect our operations, financial condition and reputation.
Risk Factors Related to Our Industry
We are subject to significant competition by other companies in the functional beverage product industry.
The functional beverage product industry is highly competitive. The principal areas of competition are pricing, packaging, distribution channel penetration, development of new products and flavors and marketing campaigns. Our products compete with a wide range of beverages produced by a relatively large number of manufacturers, some of which have substantially greater financial, marketing and distribution resources and name recognition than we do.
Important factors affecting our ability to compete successfully include the taste and flavor of our products, trade and consumer promotions, rapid and effective development of new, unique cutting-edge products, attractive and different packaging, branded product advertising and pricing. Many competitors, including larger beverage companies and emerging brands, are increasingly using advanced analytics and AI to optimize product innovation, digital marketing, pricing strategies and e-commerce execution. If we are unable to adapt to these evolving technologies or if competitors use such tools more effectively than we do, our ability to compete in the functional beverage category could be adversely affected. Our products compete with all liquid refreshments and with products of certain competitors that are much larger, some of which have significantly greater financial resources, such as Monster Beverage Corporation, Red Bull GmbH, The Coca-Cola Company, Pepsi, Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., Nestlé S.A., BlueTriton Brands, Starbucks Corporation, Congo Brands and Molson Coors. We also compete with companies that are smaller or primarily local in operation. Our products also compete with private label brands such as those carried by supermarket chains, convenience store chains, drug store chains, mass merchants and club warehouses. New competitors continue to emerge, some of which target specific markets of ours as well as the health and wellness space. This may require additional marketing expenditures on our part to remain competitive.
The growth in sales through e-commerce retailers, e-commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and subscription services may result in a shift away from physical retail operations to digital channels and a reduction in impulse purchases. Further, the ability of consumers to compare prices on a real-time basis using digital technology puts additional pressure on us to maintain competitive prices. Sales in convenience and gas station retail channels may be adversely affected by improvements in fuel efficiency and increasing consumer preferences for electric or alternative fuel-powered vehicles, which could reduce the frequency of consumer visits to fuel stations and negatively impact purchases at convenience and gas-station retailers. We have been growing our e-commerce sales by using Amazon and leveraging our retail partners e-commerce platforms, rather than building our own internal platform. However, if we are unable to successfully adapt to the rapidly changing retail landscape, our share of sales, volume growth and overall financial results could be negatively affected.
Due to competition in the functional beverage product industry, we may encounter difficulties in maintaining our current revenues, market share or position within this industry, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Termination of distributor relationships could expose us to legal, financial and competitive risks.
We may from time to time terminate, or be required to terminate, relationships with distributors as part of our strategic, operational, or compliance decisions. The termination of distributor relationships may expose us to risks including claims for damages, fines, penalties, or other forms of legal or regulatory action, as well as the cost of defendingagainst potential litigation or disputes. In addition, terminated distributors may have contractual, statutory, or other rights that could result in additional costs or adverse outcomes.
Following termination, a former distributor may have increased capacity, shelf space, sales focus and operational resources available to support other brands, including our competitors. As a result, such distributors may choose to scale, prioritize, or expand distribution of competing products, including brands that directly compete with ours, within the same markets or channels. This could strengthen competitors’ market positions and intensify competitive pressures against us, which may adversely affect our sales, market share, and relationships with other distributors or retail partners. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our inability to innovatesuccessfully and to provide new cutting-edge products could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Our ability to compete in the highly competitive functional beverage product industry and to achieve our business growth objectives depends, in part, on our ability to develop new flavors, products and packaging. The success of our innovation, in turn, depends on our ability to identify consumer trends and cater to consumer preferences. In addition, if we fail to adequately differentiate our products from those of our competitors, we may lose market share and pricing power and fail to attract or retain loyal customers. The increasing number of competing products and limited shelf space in retail outlets may further limit our ability to establish and maintain a distinctive market position. If we are not successful in our innovation activities, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in consumer product and shopping preferences may reduce demand for some of our products.
The functional beverage product category is subject to changing consumer preferences and shifts in consumer preferences may adversely affect us. There is increasing awareness of and concern for health, wellness and nutrition considerations, including concerns regarding caloric intake associated with sugar-sweetened drinks and the perceived undesirability of artificial ingredients. Our CELSIUS® and ALANI NU® brand beverage products have no aspartame or high fructose corn syrup and are primarily sweetened with sucralose, a sugar-derived sweetener that is found in Splenda®, which makes these functional beverage products low-calorie. However, consumer preferences may shift away from the trend towards healthier options that we have observed and as such, there can be no assurance that our current products and product lines, including the ROCKSTAR® brand under which we market a variety of products, including those that are sweetened with sugar, will maintain their current levels of demand. There are also changes in demand for different packages, sizes, and configurations. This may reduce demand for our functional beverage products, which could reduce our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Consumers are seeking greater variety in their functional beverage products. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our continued ability to develop and introduce different and innovative functional beverage products that appeal to consumers. In order to retain and expand our market share, we must continue to develop and introduce different and innovative products and be competitive in the areas of efficacy, taste, quality and price, although there can be no assurance of our ability to do so. There is no assurance that consumers will continue to purchase our products in the future. Product lifecycles for some functional beverage brands, products or packages may be limited to a few years before consumers’ preferences change. The functional beverage products that we currently market are in varying stages of their product lifecycles and there can be no assurance that such products will become or remain profitable for us. We may be unable to achieve volume growth through product and packaging initiatives. We may also be unable to penetrate new markets. Additionally, as shopping patterns are being affected by the digital evolution, with consumers embracing shopping by way of mobile device applications, e-commerce retailers and e-commerce websites or platforms, we may be unable to address or anticipate changes in consumer shopping preferences or engage with our consumers on their preferred platforms. A decline in our revenue for any of these reasons could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We derive the majority of our revenue from functional beverage products and competitive pressure in the functional beverage product category could materially adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our focus is on the functional beverage product category and our business is vulnerable to adverse changes impacting this category, which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and the trading price of our Common Stock.
Our portfolio, which includes Celsius ® , Alani Nu ® , and Rockstar ® , competes in the highly competitive functional beverage product category. This category is subject to shifting consumer preferences, new product introductions, aggressive pricing and significant promotional activity by established and emerging brands. Any decline in sales of our functional beverage products or loss of market share in these categories, could materially adversely affect our future revenues and profitability.
The increasing number of competitive products and limited availability of shelf and cooler space in retail outlets may limit our ability to maintain or expand our market presence. Competitors may engage in aggressive marketing, offer price discounts or pursue false or misleading advertising claims that could impact our brand reputation and sales. In addition, competition from private-label and other wellness or performance brands could intensify. These competitive pressures may result in price erosion, reduced market share or increased promotional expenses, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we are unable to successfully manage new product launches, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.
Due to the highly competitive nature of the global functional beverage product sector, we expect and intend to continue to introduce new products and evolve existing products to better match consumer demand. The success of new and evolved products depends on a number of factors, including timely and successful development and consumer acceptance. Such endeavors may also involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, greater than expected liabilities and expenses, inadequate return on capital, exposure to additional regulations and reliance on the performance of third-parties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in government regulation or failure to comply with existing regulation could adversely affect our business and financial performance .
The production, marketing and sale of our products are subject to the rules and regulations of various federal, state and local regulatory agencies. The marketing and sale of our products internationally is similarly subject to compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations in those foreign countries where our products are sold. Legislation has been proposed and adopted at the U.S. federal, state and municipal level as well as in certain foreign jurisdictions to restrict the sale of energy drinks (including prohibiting the sale of energy drinks at certain establishments or pursuant to certain governmental programs), limit the content of caffeine and other ingredients in beverages, require certain product labeling disclosures and warnings, impose excise taxes, limit product size or impose age restrictions for the sale of energy drinks. There is also a patchwork of state restrictions with respect to food packaging materials.
If a regulatory authority finds that a current or future product or production run is not in compliance with any of these regulations, we may be fined, or production may be stopped, thus adversely affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Similarly, any adverse publicity associated with any noncompliance may damage our reputation and our ability to successfully market our products. Furthermore, the rules and regulations are subject to change from time to time and can vary from state-to-state. While we closely monitor developments in this area, we have no way of anticipating whether changes in these rules and regulations will impact our business adversely. Additional or revised regulatory requirements, whether with respect to labeling, ingredients, tax or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Public health officials and health advocates remain focused on the public health consequences associated with obesity, especially as it affects children and are seeking legislative change to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages. There are also public health concerns regarding caffeine and other ingredients present in energy drinks. To the extent any such legislation is enacted in one or more jurisdictions where a significant amount of our products are sold, individually or in the aggregate, it could result in a reduction in demand for or availability of, our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Product safety and quality concerns, or other negative publicity (whether or not warranted) could damage our brand image and corporate reputation and may cause our business to suffer.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to maintain consumer confidence in the safety and quality of all of our products. We have rigorous product safety and quality standards, which we expect our operations as well as our suppliers to meet. However, despite our strong commitment to product safety and quality, we or our suppliers may not always meet these standards, particularly as we expand our product offerings through innovation or acquisitions into product categories that are beyond our traditional range of functional beverage products. If we or our suppliers fail to comply with applicable product safety and quality standards or if our functional beverage products taken to the market are or become contaminated or otherwise adulterated by any means, we may be required to conduct costly product recalls and may become subject to product liability claims and negative publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our success also depends on our ability to build and maintain the brand image for our existing products, new products and brand extensions and maintain our corporate reputation. There can be no assurance that our advertising, marketing and promotional programs and our commitment to product safety and quality, human rights and environmental sustainability will have the desired impact on our products’ brand image and on consumer preferences and demand. Claims regarding product safety, quality or ingredient content issues, our culture and our workforce, our environmental impact and the sustainability of our operations, or allegations of product contamination, even if false or unfounded, could tarnish the image of our brands and may cause consumers to choose other products. Consumer demand for our products could diminish significantly if we, our employees, distributors, suppliers or business partners fail to preserve the quality of our products, act or are perceived to act in an unethical, illegal, discriminatory, unequal or socially irresponsible manner, including with respect to the sourcing, content or sale of our products, service and treatment of our customers, or the use of customer data.
Furthermore, our brand image or perceived product quality could be adversely affected by litigation, unfavorable reports in the media (internet or elsewhere), studies in general and regulatory or other governmental inquiries (in each case whether involving our products or those of our competitors) and proposed or new legislation affecting our industry. Negative postings or comments on social media or networking websites about the Company or any one of our brands, even if inaccurate or malicious, could generate adverse publicity that could damage the reputation of our brands or our business. Business incidents, whether isolated or recurring and whether originating from us, our co-packers, distributors, suppliers or business partners, that erode consumer trust can significantly reduce brand value or potentially trigger boycotts of our products and can have a negative impact on consumer demand for our products as well as our reputation and financial results. The impact of such incidents may be exacerbated if they receive considerable publicity, including rapidly through social or digital media (including for malicious reasons) or result in litigation.
In addition, from time to time, there are public policy endeavors that are either directly related to our products and packaging or to our business. These public policy debates can occasionally be the subject of backlash from advocacy groups that have a differing point of view and could result in adverse media and consumer reaction, including product boycotts. Similarly, our sponsorship relationships could subject us to negative publicity as a result of actual or allegedmisconduct by individuals or entities associated with organizations we sponsor or support. Likewise, campaigns by activists connecting us or our supply chain, with human and workplace rights, environmental or animal rights issues could adversely impact our corporate image and reputation. Allegations, even if untrue, that we are not respecting the human rights found in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, actual or perceived failure by our suppliers or other business partners to comply with applicable labor and workplace rights laws, including child labor laws or their actual or perceived abuse or misuse of migrant workers, adverse publicity surrounding obesity and health concerns related to our products, our environmental impact and the sustainability of our operations, labor relations, our culture and our workforce or the like could negatively affect our overall reputation and brand image, which in turn could have a negative impact on our products’ acceptance by consumers, and a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our sales are affected by seasonality.
Our business is subject to seasonality, with higher sales volumes typically occurring during the warmer months of the year. Sales may fluctuate from period to period due to customer purchasing patterns, consumer demand and seasonal factors, including weather conditions. As a result, our results for any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results to be achieved for the entire fiscal year.
Failure by suppliers or co-packers to comply with applicable laws and regulations or with specifications and other requirements for our products, may adversely impact our business.
We rely on our raw material suppliers and co-packers for compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. If our raw material suppliers or co-packers fail to comply with applicable federal, state and local requirements it could materially adversely impact our business. For example, failure of our co-packers to comply with applicable CGMP requirements could necessitate a product recall, cause us to be subject to regulatory enforcement action or lead to private litigationagainst us.
We also rely on our co-packers to provide us with products that comply with our specifications and other applicable requirements. If they fail to do so, or if our raw material suppliers fail to supply us with material that complies with applicable specifications, it could lead to supply chain disruptions, damage to our reputation or otherwise materially adversely impact our business. It could also result in the inability of the co-packers to continue to manufacture product for us or inability of the raw material suppliers to continue to supply product to us, which could result in disruption or increased cost of product. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Litigation could expose us to significant liabilities and reduce demand for our products.
We have been and are a party, from time to time, to various litigation and other legal proceedings, including, but not limited to, intellectual property, false advertising, product liability, breach of contract claims and violations of consumer protection statutes and securities laws. Lawsuits have been filed against us claiming that certain statements made in our or our partners' advertisements or on the labels of our products, in our public filings with the SEC or in our or public statements, were false or misleading or otherwise not in compliance with applicable state and/or federal regulatory requirements, including class action alleging "channel stuffing". Class action lawsuits have been filed against us, alleging that certain claims in our marketing promotional materials amount to false advertising or were otherwise misleading. We do not believe any statements made by us in our promotional materials or set forth on our product labels are false or misleading or otherwise not in compliance with applicable state or federal legal and regulatory requirements and we have been defending and will continue to vigorously defend such lawsuits. At times, even if we believe that we are acting in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations, management may choose to settle claims in order to avoid lengthy litigation and associated expenses and/or disruptions to our business. Although we recently settled claims brought by the SEC, we could be subject to additional investigations or lawsuits from the SEC or other regulators in the future. For additional information regarding the claims that we face, please see Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Any of the foregoing matters or other litigation, the threat thereof or unfavorable media attention arising from pending or threatenedlitigation could consume significant financial and managerial resources and result in diminished operational efficiency of our business, significant monetary awards against us, an injunction barring the sale of any of our products and injury to our reputation. Our failure to successfullydefend or settle any litigation or legal proceedings could result in liabilities that, to the extent not covered by our insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we fail to maintain an effective internal control environment or adequate control procedures over our financial reporting, investor confidence may be adversely affected thereby affecting the value of our stock price.
We are required to maintain proper ICFR and adequate controls related to our disclosures. As defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, ICFR is a process designed by or under the supervision of the principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. If we fail to maintain adequate controls, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially, adversely impacted.
If we are unable to maintain adequate ICFR or establish an effective control environment, our Consolidated Financial Statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to revise or restate our financial results. Such events could materially and adversely affect our business, restrict our ability to access the capital markets, require us to expend significant resources to address control deficiencies, subject us to fines, penalties or judgments, harm our reputation or otherwise cause a decline in investor confidence, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may be subject to regulatory examinations and proceedings.
We may be subject to examinations, investigations, proceedings and orders by the SEC or other regulators. Any such actions could be expensive, damaging to our brand and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Strikes or work stoppages or labor unrest can cause our business to suffer.
Some employees of our third-party business partners that are involved in the manufacturing, production or distribution of our products are covered by collective bargaining agreements and other such employees may seek to be covered by collective bargaining agreements. Strikes or work stoppages or other business interruptions may occur if the third parties that are involved in the manufacturing, production and distribution of our products are unable to renew or enter into new collective bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms. These disruptions can impair the manufacturing and distribution of our products, interrupt product supply or lead to a loss of sales. They may also increase our costs or otherwise affect our ability to fully implement future operational changes to enhance our efficiency or to adapt to changing business needs or strategy. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risk Factors Related to Financial Risks
We have incurred significant indebtedness in connection with our recent acquisitions, which increases our financial leverage and exposes us to risks related to liquidity, compliance with debt covenants and future refinancing.
Our outstanding debt requires ongoing interest and principal payments that may limit our ability to obtain additional financing, pursue strategic opportunities or respond to changing business or economic conditions. Because some of our debt accrues interest at variable interest rates, movements in interest rates could increase our borrowing costs and reduce our available cash flow.
Our debt agreements also contain covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions, and our failure to comply with these covenants could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants is uncertain and will be affected by the levels of cash flow from operations and other events or circumstances beyond our control. If market or other economic conditions deteriorate, our ability to comply with these covenants may be impaired. If we violate any provisions of our debt agreements, particularly our Credit Agreement, that are not cured or waived within the applicable time periods provided in such agreements, a significant portion of our indebtedness may become immediately due and payable, and our lenders’ commitment to make further loans to us under certain of our credit facilities may terminate. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. If we were unable to repay the accelerated amounts, the lenders under our Credit Agreement could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure our indebtedness thereunder. If the payment of our debt is accelerated, our assets may be insufficient to repay such debt in full, which could result in our insolvency.
Fluctuations in our effective tax rate could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to income and other taxes in both the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. Therefore, we are subject to audits for multiple tax years in various jurisdictions at once.
Our 2022 through 2024 U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Our state and local income tax returns are subject to examination for the 2021 through 2024 tax years.
At any given time, events may occur which change our expectation about how any such tax audits will be resolved and thus, there could be significant variability in our quarterly or annual tax rates, because these events may change our plans for uncertain tax positions.
Changes in U.S. tax laws as a result of any legislation proposed by U.S. Congress could adversely affect our provision for income taxes, resulting in an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, changes in the manner in which U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings, including changes in how existing tax laws are interpreted or enforced, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, the OECD has recommended changes to numerous long-standing international tax principles through its BEPS project. These changes, to the extent adopted, may increase tax uncertainty, result in higher compliance costs and adversely affect our provision for income taxes, results of operations and cash flow. In connection with the OECD’s BEPS project, companies are required to disclose more information to tax authorities on operations around the world, which may lead to greater audit scrutiny of profits earned in various countries. Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in jurisdictions in which we operate, such as with respect to our operations in Ireland or the adoption of new or reformed tax legislation or regulation, may make resolving tax disputes more difficult and the final resolution of tax audits and any related litigation could differ from our historical provisions and accruals, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in U.S. tax law, including those introduced under the OBBBA, may further impact our tax obligations and planning strategies.
The OBBBA introduced substantial modifications to the U.S. corporate tax system, including changes to international tax provisions, interest expense limitations and foreign tax credit rules. Future regulatory guidance or amendments could affect the deductibility of certain expenses, the timing of income recognition or the treatment of intercompany transactions. These changes, individually or in combination, could increase our effective tax rate, alter the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities and require adjustments to our tax planning strategies. Additionally, ongoing uncertainty regarding global tax reforms and the implementation of minimum tax standards in various jurisdictions could increase compliance complexity and costs. Any such changes could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increases in market interest rates could materially increase our borrowing costs, reduce cash flow and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
A portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, which makes our borrowing costs sensitive to fluctuations in benchmark interest rates and credit spreads. The Federal Reserve implemented significant benchmark interest rate reductions in late 2024 and maintained rates at relatively stable levels through much of 2025. During the fourth quarter of 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented additional rate cuts of a smaller magnitude. Despite these reductions, and while recent refinancing activity has reduced our interest rate, our overall debt service obligations remain exposed to market rate volatility. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility, which bear interest at either a benchmark rate or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable spread which is subject to potential step-downs in 0.25% increments pursuant to a pricing grid based on net leverage. A one-percentage-point increase in the interest rate would raise our annual interest expense obligations by approximately $6.9 million, based on the outstanding balances under the Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2025. There were no borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2025. Sustained or further increases in interest rates could reduce the availability of capital, constrain our ability to invest in growth initiatives and negatively impact profitability and cash flow. We do not currently use derivative instruments or other hedging arrangements to mitigate exposure to interest rate fluctuations.
We may be required in the future to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.
Under U.S. GAAP, we are required to review our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors potentially affecting our estimated fair values, used in comparison with carrying values, include but are not limited to, declining or slower than anticipated growth rates for certain of our existing products, a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced operating cash flows, changes in the business climate or competitive environment and slower growth rates in our industry. An impairment charge, if required, would decrease the carrying value to that of our estimated fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and impact earnings.
Definite-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that their carrying value may not be fully recoverable and are subject to amortization over their useful lives.
We may be required in the future to record a significant charge to earnings during the period in which we determine that our intangible assets have been impaired. Any such charge would adversely impact our results of operations. As of December 31, 2025, our goodwill totaled approximately $917.6 million and net intangible assets totaled approximately $1,391.9 million.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our operating results.
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk with respect to our sales, expenses, profits, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and we expect that such risk exposure will increase as we continue to expand our international operations. As a result, our reported earnings may be materially adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, net foreign currency translation gain (loss) resulted in a net gain of $6.4 million, a net loss of $2.5 million and a net gain of $1.2 million, respectively.
Potential changes in accounting standards or practices or taxation may adversely affect our financial results.
We cannot predict the impact that future changes in accounting standards or practices may have on our financial results. New accounting standards could be issued that change the way we record revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. These changes in accounting standards could adversely affect our reported earnings. Increases in direct and indirect income tax rates could affect after-tax income. Equally, increases in indirect taxes (including environmental taxes pertaining to the disposal of beverage containers or indirect taxes on beverages generally or energy drinks in particular) could affect our products’ affordability and materially reduce our sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Uncertainty in the financial markets and other adverse changes in general economic or political conditions in any of the major countries in which we do business could adversely affect our industry, business and results of operations.
Global economic uncertainties, including highly inflationary economies and foreign currency exchange rates, affect businesses such as ours in a number of ways, making it difficult to accurately forecast and plan our future business activities. There can be no assurance that economic improvements will occur or that they would be sustainable or that they would enhance conditions in markets relevant to us. In addition, we cannot predict the duration and severity of disruptions in any of our markets or the impact they may have on our customers or business, as our expansion outside of the U.S. has increased our exposure to developments or crises in various international markets. Unfavorable economic conditions and financial uncertainties in our major international markets and unstable political conditions, including civil unrest and governmental changes, in certain of our other international markets, could undermine global consumer confidence and reduce consumers’ purchasing power, thereby reducing demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our investments are subject to risks which may cause losses and affect the liquidity of these investments.
On December 31, 2025, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of approximately $398.9 million. Certain of these investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks. These risks associated with our investment portfolio may have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock
The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock is and has been volatile and could decline significantly.
Our stock price is affected by a number of factors, including stockholder expectations, financial results, the introduction of new products by us and our competitors, general economic and market conditions such as inflation, estimates and projections by the investment community and public comments by other parties as well as many other factors including litigation, many of which are beyond our control. We do not provide guidance on our future performance, including, but not limited to, our revenues, margins, product mix, operating expenses or net income. We may be unable to achieve analysts’ forecasts of our future performance, including net revenue or earnings, which are based on their own projected revenues, sales volumes and sales mix of many product types or new products, certain of which are more profitable than others, as well as their own estimates of gross margin and operating expenses. There can be no assurance that we will achieve any such projected levels or mix of product sales, revenues, gross margins, operating profits or net income, and our failure to meet analyst forecasts may result in a decline in the price of our Common Stock. Our stock price is and has been subject to significant volatility and stockholders may not be able to sell our stock at attractive prices. In addition, periods of volatility in the market price of our Common Stock have resulted in securities class action litigationagainst us and continued stock price volatility could result in the initiation of new actions. For the period January 1, 2025 through February 23, 2026, the price of our Common Stock ranged from a high of $66.74 to a low of $21.10.
Our Board has the authority, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with terms that may not be beneficial to common stockholders and with the ability to affect adversely stockholder voting power and perpetuate control. We have outstanding shares of Preferred Stock with rights and preferences superior to those of our Common Stock.
Our Articles of Incorporation authorize our Board to issue shares of preferred stock without any further action or approval by our stockholders. The Board has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of any series of preferred stock that may be issued. As a result, our Board could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with rights senior to those of our Common Stock, including priority in dividend payments, liquidation or redemption.
Our currently outstanding Preferred Stock, all of which is held by Pepsi, ranks, with respect to distribution rights and rights on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution, (i) senior and in priority of payment to our Common Stock, (ii) on parity with one another and (iii) junior to any future series of capital stock expressly designated as ranking senior. Holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative quarterly dividends at a rate of 5.0% per annum, payable in cash, in kind, or a combination thereof, and to participate in dividends paid on our Common Stock on an as-converted basis. The Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of Common Stock under specified conditions and carry redemption rights exercisable at future dates.
Future issuances of Common Stock or Preferred Stock could dilute existing stockholders and reduce the market value of our Common Stock.
In the future, we may issue Common Stock or shares of preferred stock senior to our Common Stock, such as our issued and outstanding Preferred Stock, to finance acquisitions, repay debt or raise capital for general corporate purposes. In connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition, we issued shares of our Common Stock as part of the purchase consideration, and in connection with the Rockstar Acquisition and related Pepsi Transactions, we issued Series B Preferred Stock. Future issuances could dilute the interests of existing stockholders, including voting power and financial interests, and reduce the market value of our Common Stock.
We cannot guarantee that any share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase volatility in the trading price of our stock and reduce our cash reserves.
Although our Board has authorized a share repurchase program, the program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares or dollar amount of Common Stock and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time. In addition, our ability to repurchase or retire shares is subject to limitations under our Credit Agreement. As a result, our ability to repurchase shares may be limited in practice and dependent on our ability to access the equity capital markets on acceptable terms. The timing, amount and method of any repurchases will depend on factors such as market conditions, share price, business performance, available liquidity and other capital allocation priorities, including acquisitions, integration activities and debt repayments. We cannot guarantee that any repurchases will be fully executed or that they will result in an increase in long-term stockholder value. Announcements of share repurchase activity or changes to the program could also increase volatility in the trading price of our Common Stock. In addition, any share repurchases will reduce our cash reserves, which could limit our ability to pursue strategic opportunities or respond to changing business or economic conditions.
We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future .
We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock. We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock at any time in the foreseeable future. The future payment of dividends on our Common Stock directly depends upon our future earnings, capital requirements, financial requirements and other factors that our Board will consider. Since we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our Common Stock, return on your investment, if any, will depend solely on an increase, if any, in the market value of our Common Stock.
The Management's Discussion and Analysis section aims to help the reader understand the Company's financial status and operational performance, guiding readers through our current business landscape and operational environment. Our analysis includes our results of operations and financial condition for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and year-over-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. For a detailed discussion of our results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2024 and year-over-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023, please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Definitions of key terms can be found in the Master Glossary. Unless otherwise noted, tabular dollars are presented in thousands, except per share amounts.
Our Business
Executive-Level Overview
Celsius is a functional energy drink company operating in the U.S. and internationally. We currently market three brands within our portfolio: CELSIUS ® , our flagship functional energy brand; Alani Nu, a wellness-focused energy and nutritional product brand that we acquired in April 2025; and Rockstar, an energy drink with a rich brand heritage that we acquired in August 2025. Together, these brands position us to serve a broad and growing base of consumers seeking functional performance, better-for-you formulations and active lifestyle support.
Celsius is available in two convenient forms: ready-to-drink and an on-the-go powder. Additionally, we offer our CELSIUS ESSENTIALS ™ line, featuring 16-ounce cans enriched with aminos. In 2025, we introduced CELSIUS ® Hydration, a line of non-caffeinated, zero-sugar hydration powders, featuring electrolytes in a variety of fruit-forward flavors. Our product range is widely available across the U.S. and in select territories in Canada in various retail outlets, including grocery stores, natural product stores, convenience stores, fitness centers, mass retailers, vitamin specialty stores and through e-commerce platforms. Moreover, our products are offered in select markets in Europe, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region as we have continued to expand our global presence.
Alani Nu expands our reach beyond energy into wellness and nutrition with a product range spanning energy drinks, pre-workout formulas, protein beverages and supplements. With a strong following among Gen Z and female consumers, Alani Nu adds depth to our innovation pipeline and provides meaningful opportunities for domestic and global expansion.
Through our addition of Rockstar, we offer beverages in both full-sugar and zero-sugar formats. Rockstar complements our portfolio with its established brand equity and appeal to traditional energy drink consumers. Collectively, our brands position Celsius to meet the diverse preferences of consumers seeking functional performance, wellness benefits and better-for-you energy options.
We engage in developing, manufacturing, processing, marketing, selling and distributing Celsius, Alani Nu and Rockstar products. Our operational model strategically relies primarily on co-packers for the manufacture and supply of our products, leveraging their specialized expertise and scalable production capabilities. Additionally, we utilize our in-house manufacturing facility to complement our strategic use of co-packers. This approach allows us to maintain flexibility in responding to market demands and to focus our resources on innovation, marketing and expanding our distribution channels. We continuously assess and work to optimize our supply chain to ensure quality, consistency and timely delivery to our customers.
Building on the long-term distribution agreement we originally established with Pepsi in August 2022, on the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions, we entered into a series of transactions that expanded our strategic partnership. These included (i) the Rockstar Acquisition, (ii) the issuance of Series B Preferred Stock and amendment of the existing Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) the execution of the A&R Distribution Agreements, which designate Pepsi as the primary distributor of our Alani Nu and Rockstar products in the U.S. and Canada. Under the enhanced commercial arrangement, Pepsi has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell and distribute our full portfolio of products in the U.S. in accordance with the Captaincy.
Company and Industry-Wide Factors
Energy Drink Market Trends - The energy drink industry continues to expand, driven by sustained consumer demand for functional beverages that offer benefits beyond those offered by the larger carbonated soft drink market such as various health benefits, energy boosts, or other fitness-related advantages. While industry growth has moderated over the past year, the category remains supported by longer-term trends such as increasing consumer focus on healthier lifestyles, greater interest in lower-calorie and reduced-sugar options, and a preference for products formulated with more natural ingredients. These trends have contributed to the continued evolution and resilience of the energy drink category.
Consumer Behavior Changes - We continue to observe a rising trend of consumers seeking products that align with personal wellness and fitness goals. While Celsius has historically resonated with fitness-oriented consumers, we are increasingly seeing adoption across a broader range of consumption occasions, reflecting consumer interest in functional beverages beyond exercise-adjacent use. Our product portfolio is positioned to address this evolving demand, appealing to health-conscious consumers across a range of lifestyles and daily routines. In addition, female consumers represent a growing demographic for the brand, reflecting increased engagement from a segment that has historically represented a smaller portion of the consumer base.
Technological Advancements and Digital Trends - The integration of technology, including AI, in marketing and sales strategies is becoming increasingly important to our business. Leveraging digital marketing channels, e-commerce platforms, AI enabled tools and data analytics are essential for reaching and understanding modern consumers. Adapting to these technological trends is vital for staying competitive and meeting evolving consumer expectations.
Pepsi Partnership - Our partnership with Pepsi continues to be a significant component of our commercial strategy and operating model. During 2025, we expanded this relationship beyond distribution to include additional strategic and commercial arrangements which further integrated Pepsi into our sales and marketing execution across key markets in the U.S.
Through this partnership, we benefit from Pepsi’s scale, operational capabilities and established distribution infrastructure which supports product availability, retail execution and market penetration across multiple channels in the U.S. and Canada. The expanded scope of our relationship with Pepsi, including enhanced coordination around sales, placement and promotional priorities, is intended to support execution consistency and improve speed to market as we scale our brand portfolio.
The expanded Pepsi partnership also played a role in supporting the integration and distribution of acquired brands, including Alani Nu and Rockstar and is expected to continue influencing our go to market strategy, cost structure and operational leverage over time. We expect the partnership to remain an important factor in our ability to execute against growth initiatives and adapt to evolving consumer and retail dynamics. For more information refer to Item 1. Business , and Note 14. Mezzanine Equity to our Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this Report.
Key Drivers of our Financial Success and Market Presence - Much of our financial success is dependent on our ability to market and connect with a diverse consumer base, including wellness-focused consumers, fitness enthusiasts and consumers looking for more functionality in their beverage consumption. We believe that our strategic marketing initiatives, aimed at different demographics and lifestyle segments, contribute to revenue growth and market share expansion. We continually adapt our marketing mix to align with changing consumer preferences, leveraging digital and social media channels for broader reach and engagement. Furthermore, we have designed our focus on product innovation to meet the evolving demands of health-conscious consumers, while maintaining appeal to a general consumer base seeking quality and convenience, thereby enhancing our competitive position and financial performance. Our approach is to create a brand experience that is both inclusive and appealing to a wide range of consumers, fostering loyalty and driving sustainable growth. We believe that our multifaceted approach is crucial for driving enduring revenue growth and maintaining a strong market presence in the energy drink industry.
Our Business Risks
Our management has identified certain material opportunities, challenges and risks applicable to our business.
Brand Reputation and Consumer Trust Risks - Our success relies on maintaining a strong brand reputation and consumer trust. In the fast-paced consumer packaged goods industry, public perception can shift rapidly due to various factors, including product quality issues, negative publicity, social media trends and changing consumer preferences. A tarnished brand image, whether through real or perceived issues, can result in decreased customer loyalty, reduced sales and ultimately, a negative impact on our financial performance.
To mitigate these risks, we have committed to maintaining high standards in product quality, engaging in responsible marketing practices and actively managing public relations. We continuously monitor consumer feedback and respond swiftly to any concerns. Our management team is equipped to handle potential public relations challengesproactively to safeguard our brand image. However, despite these efforts, there is always a risk of unforeseen events that could harm our brand reputation.
Reliance on Key Partnership with Pepsi
Our business operations and financial results are significantly influenced by our strategic partnership with Pepsi, which plays a central role in the distribution and commercialization of our products and also in generating a substantial portion of our sales and accounts receivable. While this partnership has been instrumental in expanding our market reach and accelerating revenue growth, it also presents concentration risk. See Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
The substantial portion of our sales attributed to Pepsi underscores our reliance on their distribution network. Any disruption in Pepsi's operations, shifts in their strategic focus, reduction in service levels or support for our products or changes in the terms of our partnership could directly impact our sales performance and revenue streams. This reliance also extends to our accounts receivable, a significant portion of which is derived from Pepsi. Delays or defaults in these receivables could adversely affect our cash flow and financial planning. Although there is concentration risk with Pepsi as our partner, Pepsi is a large, well-capitalized public company operating across consumer goods and beverage markets, thereby mitigating some of the potential exposures that may be more pronounced when relying on smaller or less established partners. However, fluctuations in Pepsi's inventory management strategies, such as adjustments to inventories, have had and may continue to have the potential to reduce order volumes and materially impact our sales.
The expansion of our commercial relationship with Pepsi in the U.S. has resulted in increased integration with Pepsi’s distribution systems, sales execution and operational processes. As a result, our performance is increasingly dependent on effective coordination, alignment and execution with Pepsi. While we believe this relationship provides meaningful scale, efficiency and market access benefits, it also reduces our flexibility to rapidly transition to alternative distribution arrangements and increases our exposure to changes in Pepsi’s operational or strategic decisions.
We recognize the critical importance of Pepsi to our current business model, and management continually evaluates this relationship. So long as the relationship continues to align with our long-term growth strategies, we expect to continue to foster the partnership.
Market Competition Risks
The energy drink industry is characterized by intense competition, involving a diverse array of competitors with varying market strategies and product offerings. This includes well-established companies with strong brand recognition, as well as emerging competitors that may introduce innovative approaches or specialized products. The entry of new or strengthening competitors who employ aggressive pricing strategies can significantly impact our market share and profitability. Additionally, continuing shifts in consumer preferences towards healthier alternatives or different beverage categories could intensify competition as new entrants expand into our categories.
To address these challenges, we continuously innovate our product line, leveraging consumer insights through various channels, including customer feedback and social media trends, to ensure an understanding of our market and refine our marketing strategies. We also monitor the competitive landscape to anticipate and react to changes in competitor strategies, as the dynamic nature of our market means that we must constantly adapt to maintain our competitive edge. Changes in the competitive landscape could materially impact our results of operations and market position.
Market Expansion Risks
Part of our strategic growth plan includes expanding into new geographic markets. This is key to increasing our worldwide market share and driving revenue growth. However, it also introduces inherent risks that could adversely impact our business operations and financial health. Successfully entering and thriving in new markets is contingent upon our understanding and adaptation to local consumer preferences, which may vary significantly from those in our current markets. A failure to accurately gauge these preferences could result in reduced product acceptance and lower sales in these regions.
Moreover, each new market, including internationally, presents unique regulatory challenges. Navigating varying regulatory landscapes and ensuring compliance is crucial. Non-compliance or changes in regulatory frameworks could lead to legal ramifications, increased operational costs and potential delays in market entry.
Furthermore, as we expand into new territories, we encounter competition not only from well-established local brands but also from other global entities. This heightened competition can affect our market positioning, influence our pricing strategies and ultimately impact our profitability in these new markets.
To mitigate these risks, we engage in market analysis to gain insights into local consumer trends and preferences. Collaborating closely with regulatory consultants, we aim to ensure full compliance with all regional legal and regulatory requirements. Additionally, we formulate and implement competitive strategies tailored to effectively contend with local and global competitors in these new markets.
Impact of Tariffs and Macroeconomic Trends
The imposition of tariffs including U.S. tariffs imposed or threatened to be imposed on other countries and any tariffs imposed by such countries have impacted and could continue to impact our supply chain, including the cost of certain raw materials and packaging, including aluminum. In addition, any supply chain constraints, inflationary impacts or reduced consumer demand for our products as a result of such tariffs or ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty could impact our results. The rapidly changing nature of global trade policies and tariff regulations introduces uncertainty, making it difficult to reasonably estimate potential future impacts from such policies and regulations.
Comparability with Prior Year
Our financial condition as of December 31, 2025 reflected significant changes compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily driven by the Alani Nu Acquisition and the transactions entered into on the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions. As a result of the A&R Distribution Agreements, primarily due to the transition of Alani Nu distribution to Pepsi, we recognized significant costs related to the termination of those distributors in 2025 in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Collectively, these events materially increased total assets and liabilities and significantly changed the composition of the balance sheet, including higher balances related to intangible assets, deferred other costs, deferred revenue, acquisition-related liabilities, accrued termination fees and working capital assets. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources below for a discussion of changes in cash and cash equivalents and debt.
Total assets increased to approximately $5,119.6 million at December 31, 2025 from $1,766.9 million at December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of the Alani Nu Acquisition and the Rockstar Acquisition. These transactions resulted in the recognition of material goodwill and identifiable intangible assets primarily related to brands which was recorded at the estimated fair value as of each respective acquisition dates. As of December 31, 2025, goodwill totaled approximately $917.6 million, compared to $71.6 million at December 31, 2024, and net intangible assets totaled approximately $1,391.9 million compared to $12.2 million at December 31, 2024. In addition, in connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition, the Company recorded contingent consideration of $25.0 million as of December 31, 2025, reflecting the achievement of the agreed-upon revenue earnout targets for calendar year 2025. The contingent consideration is classified as a current liability and is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2026.
Pepsi Transactions and A&R Distribution Agreements
These arrangements resulted in several significant balance sheet impacts (comparisons are to the year ended December 31, 2024):
• Restricted cash increased by $141.1 million at December 31, 2025, primarily reflecting the $210.8 million cash received from Pepsi related to reimbursements for distributor termination fees offset by $69.6 million in termination fee payments made as of December 31, 2025;
• Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $110.0 million, primarily driven by $64.2 million in expected cash remaining to be received from Pepsi related to distributor termination fees, subject to contractual caps, and a $21.7 million prepaid income tax balance due to increased inventory activity following the Alani Nu Acquisition;
• Deferred other costs (current and non-current) increased by $572.5 million, primarily reflecting the implicit upfront payment of $598.8 million recorded for the Captaincy, partially offset by subsequent amortization. Deferred other costs are amortized as a reduction of revenue over the approximate 17-year term of the A&R U.S. Distribution Agreement;
• Deferred revenue (current and non-current) increased by $260.9 million primarily related to the reimbursements for distributor termination fees recorded in connection with the A&R Distribution Agreements, partially offset by subsequent amortization. Deferred revenue is amortized over the approximate 17-year term of the A&R U.S. Distribution Agreement;
• Accrued distributor termination fees increased by $264.1 million, primarily attributable to the estimated amounts expected to be paid to former distributors for the transition of Alani Nu distribution to Pepsi, partially offset by payments made as of December 31, 2025; and
• Mezzanine equity increased by $935.5 million as a result of the issuance of Series B Preferred Stock and the modification of Series A Preferred Stock to, in part, form the overall consideration exchanged in connection with the Pepsi Transactions which included the Rockstar Acquisition and the implicit upfront payment to Pepsi.
Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2025, revenue was approximately $2,515.3 million, an increase of $1,159.6 million or 85.5%, from $1,355.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, revenue in North America increased by $1,141.6 million, or 89.1%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven primarily by the Alani Nu Acquisition, which contributed approximately $1,001.9 million. This contribution included initial inventory purchases by Pepsi in connection with the transition to its distribution network. Approximately $55.6 million of the increase was attributable to the Rockstar Acquisition, with the remainder reflecting higher revenue for the Celsius brand driven by expanded distribution, new product innovation and broader brand awareness.
European revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 were approximately $72.5 million, representing an increase of $10.8 million, or 17.6%, from the year ended December 31, 2024. Asia-Pacific revenues generated approximately $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, with other international markets contributing an additional $7.3 million in revenue for the same period. The international markets continued to expand during the year, driven by new market launches and continued investment in distribution, marketing and strategic partnerships to support long-term growth.
The following table sets forth the amount of revenue by geographical location:
For the years ended December 31,
Change
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Other
Revenue
Gross Profit
For the year ended December 31, 2025, gross profit increased by $587.1 million to $1,267.3 million, an increase of 86.3%, from $680.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Gross profit margin increased to 50.4% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 50.2% for the year ended December 31, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2025, gross profit margin reflected a balanced mix of factors, including comparatively lower margin contributions from Alani Nu and Rockstar, offset by product and pack mix, as well as ongoing improvements made to cost of goods sold.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 were $798.8 million, an increase of $274.3 million, or 52.3%, from $524.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The change in selling, general and administrative expenses included:
An increase of $73.7 million in general and administrative expenses. This increase was primarily due to:
• $53.4 million attributable to Alani Nu, primarily related to administrative employee costs, amortization of intangible assets and other general administrative expenses;
• $44.9 million in acquisition and integration-related costs, primarily consisting of legal and professional service fees incurred in connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition and the Rockstar Acquisition and the integration of those businesses into our operations;
• $13.8 million due to the remeasurement of contingent consideration related to the Alani Nu Acquisition, reflecting stronger-than-expected revenue performance; and
• $7.6 million in other general administrative costs, including legal, consulting, professional service expenses and administrative employee costs; partially offset by
• $46.0 million from a net decrease related to an ongoing legal matter, reflecting the initial recognition of a loss contingency in the prior year when it became probable, compared to continued accrual of interest and legal fees in the current year.
An increase of $200.6 million in marketing and selling expenses. This increase was primarily due to:
• $76.6 million in marketing expense, reflecting this year's execution of the "Live. Fit. Go." campaign, which launched early in 2025 and has remained our largest marketing initiative to date;
• $65.0 million attributable to Alani Nu, primarily related to sales and marketing employee costs, marketing investments to support brand growth and storage and distribution expenses associated with the brand’s commercial expansion;
• $29.1 million in employee-related costs, primarily reflecting the expansion of our workforce through continued investment in sales and marketing personnel to support our strategic growth initiatives; and
• $29.9 million in other selling expenses, including storage costs, market analytics and customer support.
Distributor Termination Fees
We incurred termination fees of $327.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 due to the termination of certain former Alani Nu distributors. There were no such expenses in 2024.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Total other expense, net was $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to other income, net of $39.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a net expense increase of $55.3 million.
The changes in other (expense) income included:
• $49.0 million increase in interest expense related to our outstanding debt, whereas no such debt existed in the prior-year;
• $18.2 million decrease in interest income compared to the prior period, primarily as a result of lower average cash balances as we utilized our cash reserves for strategic investments and share repurchase activities;
• $12.6 million increase in other income recognized in connection with sales of Rockstar products under a transition services agreement entered into with Pepsi, for which we acted as an agent following the closing of the Pepsi Transactions; and
• $0.7 million increase in other expense, net, driven by, among other items, expenses related to the current-year debt extinguishment and foreign currency gains.
Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders
Net income attributed to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $63.8 million, representing basic EPS of $0.25 based on a basic weighted average of 252.3 million shares outstanding. In comparison, for the year ended December 31, 2024 our net income attributed to common stockholders was $107.5 million, representing basic EPS of $0.46 based on a weighted average of 233.7 million shares outstanding. Diluted EPS was $0.25 and $0.45 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The decrease in net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily driven by distributor termination fees incurred in connection with transitioning Alani Nu distribution to the Pepsi distribution network and higher interest expense related to newly incurred debt. This impact was partially offset by a legal accrual which reduced net income and EPS for the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, basic and diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2025 were impacted by an increase in weighted average shares outstanding, primarily as a result of Common Stock issued in connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
As of December 31, 2025, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of approximately $398.9 million, restricted cash of $141.1 million and net working capital of $732.4 million.
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and our existing cash balances. We expect that purchases of inventories, increases in accounts receivable and other assets, equipment purchases, advances to certain co-packers and distributors, payments of accounts payable, income taxes, dividends paid on our Preferred Stock, debt repayments and stock repurchases will remain our principal recurring uses of cash.
We believe that cash available from operations, together with our $100.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient for our working capital needs, including purchase commitments for raw materials and inventory, increases in accounts receivable and other assets, and purchases of capital assets and equipment for the next twelve months and beyond.
On the Closing Date of Alani Nu, we completed the Alani Nu Acquisition for total consideration comprising (i) $1,275.0 million in cash paid at closing, subject to adjustment as set forth in the related membership interest purchase agreement, (ii) an aggregate of 22,451,224 shares of our Common Stock, and (iii) a single payment of $25.0 million in additional cash consideration, payable only if revenue from Alani Nu’s products met or exceeded an agreed-upon target for 2025. If the target were not achieved, then no consideration would have been payable. As of December 31, 2025, the applicable revenue target had been achieved, and we expect to pay the contingent consideration in the first quarter of 2026. See Note 5. Acquisitions in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
In connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition, we, together with certain of our subsidiaries as guarantors, entered into the Credit Agreement, which we amended on October 2, 2025, pursuant to the First Refinancing Amendment. The amendment reduced the applicable interest rates on both the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility by 75 basis points, with all other material terms remaining unchanged. In connection with the amendment, we refinanced the remaining outstanding balance of the $900.0 million Term Loan Facility using approximately $197.8 million of cash on hand and proceeds from a new $700.0 million term loan under the Term Loan Facility at the reduced interest rate. No prepayment penalties were incurred in connection with the refinancing. See Note 11. Debt in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Cash flows provided by operating activities
Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $359.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which compares to $262.9 million cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $96.5 million increase was primarily driven by strong operational performance, with a significant contribution from the Alani Nu Acquisition. This increase was partially offset by higher accounts receivable, as certain customers delayed payments in connection with anticipated distributor terminations under the A&R Distribution Agreements.
Cash flows used in investing activities
Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $1,295.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to cash used in investing activities of $101.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $1,194.0 million increase was primarily attributable to cash paid as part of the Alani Nu Acquisition, strategic investments in non-marketable securities, as well as increased capital expenditures related to investment in machinery and equipment at our wholly owned manufacturing facility, Big Beverages.
Cash flows provided by financing activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $582.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $26.0 million cash flows used in financing activities for the same period in 2024, representing a $608.8 million increase. The increase was primarily driven by debt incurred in connection with the Alani Nu Acquisition. The increase was partially offset by cash outflows from a partial debt extinguishment, dividends paid on Preferred Stock and share repurchases.
Income taxes
Cash payments for income taxes approximated $64.2 million and $99.1 million, net of refunds, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Income tax expense was $17.0 million and $50.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We estimate cash payments for income taxes to exceed income tax expense for the year ending December 31, 2026, primarily due to timing differences arising from one-time events, including the Pepsi distributor termination reimbursement and an income tax payment deferral in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we operate.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no off balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that management believes are the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Judgments and uncertainties may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We have identified the accounting estimates below as critical to understanding and evaluating the financial results reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with the descriptions of our significant accounting policies and recent accounting pronouncements, contained in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth elsewhere in this Report.
The Company’s promotional allowance programs with its distributors or retailers are executed through separate agreements in the ordinary course of business (variable consideration). These agreements provide for one or more arrangements that are of varying durations. The Company’s billbacks are calculated based on various programs with distributors and retail customers and accruals are established for the Company’s anticipated liabilities. These accruals are based on agreed upon terms as well as the Company’s historical experience with similar programs and require management’s judgment with respect to estimating consumer participation and the performance of distributors and retail customers. Differences between estimated and actual promotional and other allowances are recognized in the period such differences are determined.
The Company conducts regular reviews of promotional activities and related financial data, including final invoicing for previous periods. Such reviews are essential for ensuring the accuracy of accounting estimates related to accrued promotional allowances for the Company's customers.
Promotional allowances are recorded as reductions to revenue and primarily include consideration given to the Company’s distributors or retail customers including, but not limited to the following:
• discounts from list prices to support price promotions to end-consumers by retailers;
• reimbursements given to the Company’s distributors for agreed portions of their promotional spend with retailers, including slotting, shelf space allowances and other fees for both new and existing products;
• the Company’s agreed share of fees given to distributors and/or directly to retailers for advertising, in-store marketing and promotional activities that cannot be separated from the transaction price;
• the Company’s agreed share of slotting, shelf space allowances and other fees given directly to retailers, club stores and/or wholesalers;
• incentives given to the Company’s distributors and/or retailers for achieving or exceeding certain predetermined volume goals or other incentive targets;
• discounted products;
• contractual fees given to distributors for items sold below defined pricing targets; and
• contractual fees given to the Company’s distributors related to sales made directly by the Company to certain customers that fall within the distributors’ sales territories.
Business Combinations
We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method, under which, upon obtaining control, we recognize each identifiable asset acquired and liability assumed at its acquisition date fair value. The determination of those fair values requires significant judgment and the use of valuation techniques when observable market inputs are unavailable. We value intangible assets using models such as the income approach (relief-from-royalty model) and other cost-based techniques. Key unobservable inputs include, but are not limited to, forecasted revenue growth rates, discount rates, royalty rates and estimated useful lives. We engage third-party valuation specialists to review these critical assumptions and prepare detailed fair value analyses for material acquisitions.
Any excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable net assets is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, up to one year from the acquisition date, significant provisional amounts are adjusted with a corresponding offset to goodwill.
We engaged third-party valuation specialists to review critical assumptions and prepare a detailed fair value analysis. Key assumptions included forecasted revenue growth rates, discount rates, royalty rates and estimated useful lives. These estimates were judgmental and could materially affect results.
ASC 606 Implicit Upfront Payments to Customers
When a transaction includes both the acquisition of a business within the scope of ASC 805 and an implicit payment to a customer within the scope of ASC 606, we allocate the total consideration transferred between the business acquired and the payment to the customer. The implicit upfront payment is measured at fair value using appropriate valuation techniques. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment, particularly when observable market inputs are not available.
We estimate fair value of implicit upfront payments using an income approach, such as the discounted cash flow methodology. Key unobservable inputs include, but are not limited to, forecasted revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, discount rates, long-term growth rates and terminal period assumptions. A significant component of the analysis involves estimating the incremental net revenues expected to be generated as a result of the underlying arrangement.
We engaged third-party valuation specialists to assist in evaluating critical assumptions and in preparing the detailed fair value analyses for material arrangements. These estimates require significant judgment and could materially affect the results.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
We record goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business combinations. In a business combination, the purchase consideration is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with any excess recorded as goodwill. Identifiable intangible assets primarily consist of brand names and customer relationships. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment and estimates, including assumptions related to forecasted revenue and cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates, expected useful lives and broader macroeconomic conditions. These estimates are inherently subjective and could change as a result of new information, changes in operating performance or shifts in market conditions.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, primarily certain brand assets, are not amortized and are assessed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We perform our annual impairment assessment during the fourth quarter using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. When performing a qualitative assessment, we evaluate factors including overall financial performance, brand performance, changes in market conditions, competitive dynamics and macroeconomic trends. If these factors indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative assessment is performed. Quantitative impairment testing requires estimates of fair value using discounted cash flow models that incorporate assumptions regarding future growth rates, operating margins, terminal values and discount rates. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Changes in these estimates or assumptions could result in future impairment charges that could be material to our results of operations.
Preferred Stock
On the Closing Date of the Pepsi Transactions, we measured the fair value of our Preferred Stock using a Monte Carlo simulation because these instruments include path dependent features, multiple redemption and conversion decision dates, an automatic conversion and a 10-day VWAP test. The model used observable market data at the measurement date, such as the price of our Common Stock. Since the valuation also required significant unobservable inputs, including the probability of meeting certain triggering conditions, equity volatility and discount rates for redemption cash flows, the measurement is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
We engaged third-party valuation specialists to review these critical assumptions and prepare detailed fair value analyses for our Preferred Stock. Key assumptions included the probability of meeting triggering conditions, equity volatility, the time horizon to decision dates and discount rates. These estimates were judgmental and could materially affect results.
