Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Coeur Mining, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”, “our”, or “we”). We use certain non-GAAP financial performance measures in our MD&A. For a detailed description of these measures, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures” at the end of this Item. We provide Costs applicable to sales (“CAS”) allocation, referred to as the co-product method, based on revenue contribution for Palmarejo and Rochester and based on the primary metal, referred to as the by-product method, for Wharf. Revenue from secondary metal, such as silver at Wharf, is treated as a cost credit.
Overview
We are primarily a gold and silver producer with operating assets located in the United States and Mexico and an exploration project in Canada.
2025 Highlights
For the full year 2025, Coeur reported revenue of $2,070.1 million and cash provided by operating activities of $886.9 million. We reported GAAP net income of $585.9 million, or $0.95 per diluted share. On a non-GAAP adjusted basis, the Company reported EBITDA of $1,025.8 million and net income of $493.4 million or $0.80 per diluted share.
• Record full-year gold and silver production – Balanced contributions across Coeur’s portfolio led to 2025 full-year production of 419,046 ounces of gold and 17.9 million ounces of silver, representing year-over-year increases of 23% and 57%, respectively, within the Company’s 2025 consolidated guidance ranges
• Record financial results – Fourth quarter free cash flow increased 66% versus the prior quarter to a record $313.2 million, bringing the full-year total to $666 million. Adjusted EBITDA increased 60% versus the prior quarter to a record $425 million, driving the last twelve-month total to over $1.0 billion. Average realized prices for gold and silver increased 21% and 39%, respectively, compared to the third quarter
• Long-term objective of net cash achieved – Cash and equivalents more than doubled compared to the prior quarter-end and increased tenfold compared to the prior year-end to $554 million; total debt decreased 42% to $341 million at December 31, 2025 compared to year-end 2024
• Strong quarter at Rochester – Silver and gold production at Rochester increased 6% and 20% quarter-over-quarter, respectively, and 40% and 54% year-over-year, respectively. During the fourth quarter, both tonnes 2 crushed and tonnes placed reached record levels, with tonnes crushed increasing 12% to 6.4 million tonnes (7.0 million imperial tons) and tonnes placed increasing 23% to 9.3 million tonnes (10.2 million imperial tons). Fourth quarter free cash flow increased to $78 million compared to $30 million in the third quarter and $12 million in the fourth quarter for the prior year
• New Gold transaction approved by stockholders – On January 27, 2026, stockholders of both Coeur and New Gold voted overwhelmingly in favor of Coeur’s proposed acquisition of New Gold Inc. (“New Gold”). The transaction, which remains on track to close in the first half of 2026, is expected to create a new, sector-leading, all-North American senior precious metals mining company
• 2026 guidance highlights portfolio strength – The Company expects 2026 gold and silver production from Coeur’s current portfolio of assets of 390,000 - 460,000 ounces and 18.2 - 21.3 million ounces, respectively, driven by strong contributions across the portfolio, including expected continued growth at Rochester and a full year of production at Las Chispas. The Company plans to issue guidance including New Gold’s two assets, the New Afton and Rainy River mines, upon closing of the transaction
Selected Financial and Operating Results
Year Ended December 31,
Financial Results: (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Gold sales
Silver sales
Consolidated revenue
Net income
Net income per share, diluted
Adjusted net income (loss) (1)
Adjusted net income (loss) per share, diluted (1)
EBITDA (1)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Total debt (2)
Operating Results:
Gold ounces produced
Silver ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
Silver ounces sold
Average realized price per gold ounce
Average realized price per silver ounce
(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures”. Includes costs of $93.5 million related to the purchase price allocation (“PPA”) ascribed to Inventory at Las Chispas.
(2) Includes finance leases. Net of debt issuance costs and premium received.
Consolidated Financial Results
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
We sold 422,032 gold ounces and 18.2 million silver ounces, compared to 340,816 gold ounces and 11.4 million silver ounces. Revenue increased by $1,016.1 million, or 96%, as a result of a 24% and 59% increase in gold and silver ounces sold (includes $421.4 million of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas), and a 45% and 43% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively. The increase in gold ounces sold was the result of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas, higher placement rates and grades at Rochester, and higher mill throughput at Kensington, partially offset by lower grades at Palmarejo. The increase in silver ounces sold was the result of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas, and higher silver ounces recovered at Rochester as a result of higher placement rates, partially offset by lower silver grades at Palmarejo. Gold and silver represented 65% and 35% of 2025 sales revenue, respectively, compared to 70% and 30% of 2024 sales revenue, respectively.
The following table summarizes consolidated metal sales:
Year Ended December 31,
Increase (Decrease)
Percentage Change
In thousands
Gold sales
Silver sales
Metal sales
Costs Applicable to Sales
Costs applicable to sales increased $292.2 million, or 48%, primarily driven by post-acquisition gold and silver ounces sold at Las Chispas that includes the impact of the PPA ascribed to Inventory of $93.5 million, higher gold and silver ounces sold at Rochester, higher gold ounces sold at Kensington, and operating costs (royalties) at Rochester, Kensington, and Wharf, partially offset by lower gold and silver ounces sold at Palmarejo. For a complete discussion of costs applicable to sales, see Results of Operations below.
Amortization
Amortization increased $126.1 million, or 101%, as a result of post-acquisition gold and silver ounces sold at Las Chispas, increased production at Rochester and Kensington, and the full-year impact of the commissioning of the newly expanded crushing circuit at Rochester in March 2024, partially offset by lower gold and silver ounces sold at Palmarejo and Wharf.
Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $9.5 million, or 20%, primarily due to higher stock-based compensation and annual incentive costs, partially offset by lower outside service and legal costs.
Exploration expense increased $26.9 million, or 45%, driven by planned higher resource expansion drilling activity at all locations, including the addition of exploration expense at Las Chispas post-acquisition.
Pre-development, reclamation, and other expenses increased $18.5 million, or 36%, as a result of higher transaction costs, the Wage and Hour Litigation settlement, and higher asset retirement accretion following the 2024 year-end changes to estimates, partially offset by lower loss on the sale of assets.
The following table summarizes pre-development, reclamation, and other expenses:
Year Ended December 31,
Increase (Decrease)
Percentage Change
In thousands
Silvertip ongoing carrying costs
Loss (gain) on sale of assets
Asset retirement accretion
Kensington royalty litigation settlement
Transaction costs
Wage and Hour Litigation settlement
Other
Pre-development, reclamation and other expense
Other Income and Expenses
Interest expense (net of capitalized interest of $1.1 million) decreased to $30.9 million from $51.3 million due to lower interest paid under the RCF attributable to lower average debt levels and interest rate, partially offset by higher interest paid under finance lease obligations. The RCF had no outstanding amount drawn as of December 31, 2025.
Other, net decreased to a gain of $6.9 million compared to $13.0 million as a result of the recognition of gains in 2024
related to premiums received from the private placement flow-through share offering (“Private Placement Offering”), and lower gains on foreign exchange rates.
Income and Mining Taxes
The Company’s Income and mining tax (expense) benefit consisted of:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands
U.S. federal statutory tax rate
State income and mining taxes, net of federal benefit (1)
Foreign tax effects
Mexico
Foreign tax rate differences
Foreign permanent differences
Mining taxes, net of income tax benefit
Change in valuation allowance
Foreign withholding taxes
Foreign exchange rates
Foreign inflation and indexing
Uncertain tax positions
Enactment of 1% increase in Mexico special mining duty tax
Other, net
Canada
Foreign tax rate difference
Provincial tax
Canadian flow through shares permanent
Change in valuation allowance
Foreign withholding taxes
Other
Other foreign jurisdictions
Other
Effect of cross border tax laws
Subpart F income
Change in valuation allowance
Nondeductible items
Percentage depletion
Equity compensation
Other nondeductible items
Other adjustments
Other
Income and mining tax (expense) benefit
(1) State mining taxes in South Dakota, Nevada, and Alaska made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the state tax effect.
Income and mining tax expense of approximately $96.7 million resulted in an effective tax rate of 14.2% for 2025. This compares to income tax expense of $67.5 million for an effective tax rate of 53.4% for 2024. The comparability of the Company’s income and mining tax (expense) benefit and effective tax rate for the reported periods was impacted by multiple factors, primarily: (i) U.S. valuation allowance release; (ii) variations in our income before income taxes; (iii) geographic distribution of that income; (iv) foreign exchange rates; (v) mining taxes; (vi) the impact of uncertain tax positions; (vii) percentage depletion; and (viii) 2024 enactment of a 1% increase in Mexico’s special mining duty tax. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on deferred tax balances increased income and mining tax expense by $43.5 million and decreased by $0.3 million for the years ended 2025 and 2024, respectively. The impact of foreign exchange rates on deferred tax balances is predominantly due to the Mexican Peso and deferred taxes resulting from Las Chispas PPA. Therefore, the effective tax rate will fluctuate, sometimes significantly, period to period.
The following table summarizes the components of the Company’s income (loss) before tax and income and mining tax (expense) benefit:
Year ended December 31,
In thousands
Income (loss) before tax
Tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) before tax
Tax (expense) benefit
United States
Canada
Mexico
Other jurisdictions
A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will not be realized. The Company analyzes its deferred tax assets and, if it is determined that the Company will not realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets, it will record or increase a valuation allowance. Conversely, if it is determined that the Company will ultimately be more likely than not able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced. There are a number of factors that impact the Company’s ability to realize its deferred tax assets. For additional information, please see “Item 1A - Risk Factors”.
The Company has historically provided a valuation allowance against its U.S. net deferred tax assets. In 2025, the Company released $209.8 million of valuation allowance against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, resulting in a non-cash deferred tax benefit. The $209.8 million valuation allowance release is composed of $73.3 million related to current year income and $136.5 million related to forecasted future year income. The timing of this valuation allowance release was primarily due to the cumulative income position for the most recent three-year period and projected future earnings.
The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance against approximately $52.4 million of U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025, because the Company has concluded that it is not more likely than not to be realized.
The exact timing and amount of any valuation allowance release are subject to change, depending upon the level of profitability that the Company is able to achieve and the net deferred tax assets available.
Net Income
Net income was $585.9 million, or $0.95 per diluted share, compared to $58.9 million, or $0.15 per diluted share. The increase in net income was driven by a 24% and 59% increase in gold and silver ounces sold (includes $421.4 million of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas), a 45% and 43% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively, lower interest expense, and a tax benefit of $160.0 million related to the expectation that our U.S. deferred tax assets are now expected to be used before expiration. This was partially offset by higher exploration, general and administrative, and transaction costs, and the Wage and Hour Litigation settlement of $6.1 million, plus the employer’s share of relevant taxes. Adjusted net income was $493.4 million, or $0.80 per diluted share, compared to $70.1 million, or $0.18 per diluted share (see “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures”).
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Revenue
We sold 340,816 gold ounces and 11.4 million silver ounces, compared to 315,511 gold ounces and 10.1 million silver ounces. Revenue increased by $232.8 million, or 28%, as a result of an 18% and 15% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively, and an 8% and 13% increase in gold and silver ounces sold, respectively. The increase in gold ounces sold was due to higher gold production at all sites, specifically higher grade and recovery rates at Palmarejo, the successful completion of the Rochester expansion, higher mill throughput and grade at Kensington, and higher tonnes and grade at Wharf. The increase in silver ounces sold was the result of higher grade and recovery rates at Palmarejo, and the successful completion of the Rochester expansion. Gold and silver represented 70% and 30%, respectively, of both 2024 and 2023 sales revenue.
The following table summarizes consolidated metal sales:
Year Ended December 31,
Increase (Decrease)
Percentage Change
In thousands
Gold sales
Silver sales
Metal sales
Costs Applicable to Sales
Costs applicable to sales decreased $26.7 million, or 4%, primarily due to higher recoverable ounces placed on the leach pad at Wharf, an increase in estimated recoverable ounces on the legacy leach pad in the first quarter of 2024 at Rochester, lower net realizable value (“LCM”) adjustments at Rochester, and the favorable impact of exchange rates at Palmarejo, partially offset by higher gold and silver ounces sold at all sites. For a complete discussion of costs applicable to sales, see Results of Operations below.
Amortization
Amortization increased $25.2 million, or 25%, and resulted primarily from higher gold and silver ounces sold at all sites and, at Rochester, the commencement of production of the new leach pad in mid-September 2023, and the three-stage crushing circuit in March 2024, partially offset by lower LCM adjustments.
Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $6.1 million, or 15%, primarily due to higher employee compensation, outside service and legal costs.
Exploration expense increased $28.7 million, or 93%, driven by the sustained increased drilling at Palmarejo, Rochester, Wharf and Silvertip in 2024, and the Canadian mining exploration tax credits associated with expenditures at the Silvertip exploration project recognized in 2023.
Pre-development, reclamation, and other expenses decreased $3.4 million, or 6%, stemming from lower losses on the sale of assets and lower ongoing carrying costs at Silvertip, partially offset by the Kensington royalty litigation settlement of $7.2 million and transaction costs of $8.5 million related to the acquisition of SilverCrest.
The following table summarizes pre-development, reclamation, and other expenses:
Year Ended December 31,
Increase (Decrease)
Percentage Change
In thousands
Silvertip ongoing carrying costs
(Gain) Loss on sale of assets
Asset retirement accretion
Kensington royalty settlement
Transaction costs
Other
Pre-development, reclamation and other expense
Other Income and Expenses
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a $0.4 million gain in connection with the exchange of $5.9 million in aggregate principal amount plus accrued interest of 2029 Senior Notes for 1.8 million shares of common stock compared to $3.4 million incurred in connection with the exchange of $76.0 million in aggregate principal amount plus accrued interest for 25.2 million shares of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company did not have fair value adjustments, net, during the year ended December 31, 2024 following the sale of the Company’s equity investments in 2023.
Interest expense (net of capitalized interest of $1.1 million) increased to $51.3 million from $29.1 million due to higher interest paid under the RCF attributable to higher average debt levels and higher interest paid under financial leases, partially offset by lower interest payable following the extinguishment of $5.9 million in 2029 Senior Notes.
Other, net increased to a gain of $13.0 million compared to loss $7.5 million as a result of the recognition of the net proceeds received in excess of the Company’s trading price (“FT Premium Liability”) as income of $5.6 million following the renouncement of Silvertip exploration expenditures, favorable foreign exchange rates, particularly in Mexico, and the $12.3 million loss recognized from the sale of the contingent consideration received in connection with the sale of La Preciosa project (the “La Preciosa Deferred Consideration”) in 2023.
Income and Mining Taxes
The Company’s Income and mining tax (expense) benefit consisted of:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands
U.S. federal statutory tax rate
State income and mining taxes, net of federal benefit (1)
Foreign tax effects
Mexico
Foreign tax rate differences
Foreign permanent differences
Mining taxes, net of income tax benefit
Foreign withholding taxes
Foreign exchange rates
Foreign inflation and indexing
Sale of non-core assets
Enactment of 1% increase in Mexico special mining duty tax
Other, net
Canada
Foreign tax rate difference
Provincial tax
Canadian flow through shares permanent
Change in valuation allowance
Foreign withholding taxes
Other
Other foreign jurisdictions
Other
Effect of cross border tax laws
Subpart F income
Change in valuation allowance
Nondeductible items
Percentage depletion
Equity compensation
Other nondeductible items
Other adjustments
Effect of tax rate changes
Other
Income and mining tax (expense) benefit
(1) State mining taxes in South Dakota, Nevada, and Alaska made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the state tax effect.
Income and mining tax expense of approximately $67.5 million resulted in an effective tax rate of 53.4% for 2024. This compares to income tax expense of $35.2 million for an effective tax rate of (51.4)% for 2023. The comparability of the Company’s income and mining tax (expense) benefit and effective tax rate for the reported periods was impacted by multiple factors, primarily: (i) mining taxes; (ii) variations in our income before income taxes; (iii) geographic distribution of that income; (iv) foreign exchange rates; (v) Mexico mining tax rate increase; (vi) percentage depletion; (vii) the sale of non-core assets; and (viii) the impact of uncertain tax positions. Therefore, the effective tax rate will fluctuate, sometimes significantly, period to period.
The following table summarizes the components of the Company’s income (loss) before tax and income and mining tax (expense) benefit:
Year ended December 31,
In thousands
Income (loss) before tax
Tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) before tax
Tax (expense) benefit
United States
Canada
Mexico
Other jurisdictions
A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will not be realized. The Company analyzes its deferred tax assets and, if it is determined that the Company will not realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets, it will record or increase a valuation allowance. Conversely, if it is determined that the Company will ultimately be more likely than not able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced. There are a number of factors that impact the Company’s ability to realize its deferred tax assets. For additional information, please see “Item 1A - Risk Factors”.
Net Income (Loss)
Net income was $58.9 million, or $0.15 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $103.6 million, or $0.30 per diluted share. The increase in net income was driven by a 18% and 15% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively, and a 8% and 13% increase in gold and silver ounces sold, respectively, lower ongoing costs at Silvertip, the recognition of the FT Premium Liability income of $5.6 million, lower LCM adjustments at Rochester, and the $12.3 million loss recognized from the sale of the La Preciosa Deferred Consideration in 2023. This was partially offset by the Kensington royalty settlement of $7.2 million, transaction costs of $8.5 million related to the acquisition of SilverCrest, and higher exploration and income and mining taxes expense. Adjusted net income was $70.1 million, or $0.18 per diluted share, compared to adjusted net loss of $78.0 million, or $0.23 per diluted share (see “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures”).
2026 Guidance
The Company has provided guidance for full-year 2026 including production, CAS, capital expenditures, depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”), exploration, general and administrative expenses (“G&A”), and income and mining tax.
Overall cost guidance reflects higher expected royalty expense driven by stronger realized metal prices, particularly at Rochester, the impact of a stronger Mexican peso, inflation of 3% to 5% across the portfolio, and higher planned maintenance costs. For our co-product mines (Las Chispas, Palmarejo, Rochester), costs are allocated to gold and silver based on their relative revenue contribution. Given the higher expected contribution of silver to total revenue due to the silver price’s outperformance relative to the gold price, silver CAS per ounce is expected to be higher in 2026, consistent with the trend seen in the second half of 2025.
2026 Production Guidance
Gold
Silver
Las Chispas
Palmarejo
Rochester
Kensington
Wharf
Total
2026 Adjusted Costs Applicable to Sales Guidance
Gold
Silver
Las Chispas (co-product)
Palmarejo (co-product)
Rochester (co-product)
Kensington
Wharf (by-product)
2026 Capital, DD&A, Exploration, G&A and Income and Mining Tax Guidance
Capital Expenditures, Sustaining
Capital Expenditures, Development
Exploration, Expensed
Exploration, Capitalized
General & Administrative Expenses
Cash Income and Mining Taxes
Amortization
Effective Tax Rate (%)
Note: The Company’s guidance figures assume estimated prices of $4,550/oz gold and $77.50/oz silver as well as CAD of 1.38 and MXN of 18.00. Guidance figures exclude the impact of any metal sales or foreign exchange hedges.
The normalized effective tax rate excludes items that are not reflective of Coeur’s underlying performance, such as the impacts of foreign currency on deferred taxes, taxes related to prior periods, and one-time, non-cash, tax valuation allowance adjustments.
Results of Operations
Operating Statistics presented below contain tabular information that is presented in both metric and imperial as follows: (i) metric tonnage is utilized for all metals; (ii) gold and silver grades are presented in grams per tonne; and (iii) metal content for gold and silver is presented in ounces. The information that is presented in metric for the periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 has been converted from the 2024 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025, as this information was previously presented in imperial.
Las Chispas
Year Ended December 31,
Tonnes milled
Average gold grade (grams/tonne)
Average silver grade (grams/tonne)
Average recovery rate – Au
Average recovery rate – Ag
Gold ounces produced
Silver ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
Silver ounces sold
CAS per gold ounce (1)
CAS per silver ounce (1)
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Las Chispas’ results represent post-acquisition activity subsequent to the acquisition of SilverCrest on February 14, 2025. The consumption of the remaining acquired stockpile in the third quarter led to production of 54,705 and 5,145,771 gold and silver ounces, respectively. Metal sales were $421.4 million, or 20% of Coeur’s metal sales. Costs applicable to sales per gold and silver ounce sold includes $770 and $8.93, respectively, of costs related to the expensing of the $93.5 million of PPA that was ascribed to Inventory . Amortization totaled $94.2 million. Capital expenditures of $38.1 million were composed of underground mine development and capitalized exploration costs.
Palmarejo
Year Ended December 31,
Tonnes milled
Average gold grade (grams/tonne)
Average silver grade (grams/tonne)
Average recovery rate – Au
Average recovery rate – Ag
Gold ounces produced
Silver ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
Silver ounces sold
CAS per gold ounce (1)
CAS per silver ounce (1)
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gold and silver production decreased 7% and 4%, respectively, as a result of a decrease in gold and silver grades,
partially offset by an increase of 9% in mill throughput. Metal sales were $473.8 million, or 23% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared with $379.1 million, or 36% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $94.7 million, or 25%, of which $123.9 million was due to higher gold and silver prices, partially offset by $29.2 million due to lower volume of gold and silver production. Gold ounces sold associated with the Franco-Nevada Gold Stream Agreement increased to 48% from 34% in the prior year driven by mine sequencing. Costs applicable to sales per gold and silver ounce decreased 3% and increased 11%, respectively, due to the mix of gold and silver sales which impacted co-product cost allocation, lower consumable (power and cement) and maintenance costs, partially offset by lower production, unfavorable foreign exchange rates and higher outside service costs. Amortization decreased by $8.0 million to $37.0 million due to lower gold and silver ounces sold. Capital expenditures decreased to $25.5 million from $30.6 million due to the lower underground development and equipment purchases.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gold and silver production increased 8% and 3%, respectively, as a result of a 40% and 14% increase in gold and silver grades, respectively, and higher gold and silver recovery rates, partially offset by a 12% decrease in mill throughput due to mine sequencing. Metal sales were $379.1 million, or 36% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared with $313.2 million, or 38% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $65.9 million, or 21%, of which $41.5 million was due to higher average realized gold and silver prices and $24.3 million was the result of higher volume of gold and silver production. Costs applicable to sales per gold and silver ounce decreased 7% and 5%, respectively, due to higher production, lower labor and cyanide costs, and the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates on operating costs. Amortization increased by $9.3 million to $45.0 million due to a 10% and 4% increase in gold and silver ounces sold, respectively. Capital expenditures decreased to $30.6 million from $41.8 million due to lower underground development expenditures and the completion of the open pit backfill project in 2023.
Rochester
Year ended December 31,
Tonnes placed (1)
Average gold grade (grams/tonne)
Average silver grade (grams/tonne)
Gold ounces produced
Silver ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
Silver ounces sold
CAS per gold ounce (2)
CAS per silver ounce (2)
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2025, 23.1 million and 7.1 million tonnes of crushed ore and DTP material, respectively, were placed on the new leach pad. During the year ended December 31, 2024, 19.5 million and 1.9 million tonnes of ore were placed on the new leach pad and legacy leach pad, respectively
(2) See Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gold and silver production increased 54% and 40%, respectively, as a result of the completion of the expansion project in March 2024 and subsequent ramp-up in production rates. Ore tonnes crushed during 2025 consisted of approximately 23.1 million tonnes (25.5 million tons) through the crushing circuit and 7.1 million tonnes (7.8 million tons) of direct-to-pad (“DTP”) material. Ore tonnes placed during 2025 totaled 30.3 million tonnes (33.4 million tons), a 42% (8.9 million tonnes) increase from the prior year. Metal sales were $458.0 million, or 22% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared with $215.8 million, or 20% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $242.2 million, or 112%, of which $146.1 million was due to a higher volume of gold and silver production, and $96.1 million was due to higher average realized gold and silver prices. Costs applicable to sales per gold and silver ounce decreased 6% and 9%, respectively, as a result of the increase in ore tonnes placed, lower electrical power and haul truck repair costs and the mix of gold and silver sales which impacted co-production cost allocation. Amortization increased to $69.3 million due to the increase in gold and silver ounces sold and the full year impact of commissioning of the newly expanded crushing circuit in March 2024. Capital expenditures decreased to $65.8 million from $72.7 million due to Rochester expansion project spending in 2024 offset by equipment purchases and capitalized stripping in 2025 related to the construction of a new open pit.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gold and silver production increased 1% and 29%, respectively, driven by the increased production from the new leach pad. Metal sales were $215.8 million, or 20% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared with $156.0 million, or 19% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $59.8 million, or 38%, of which $30.3 million was due to higher average realized gold and silver prices and $29.5 million was attributable to a higher volume of gold and silver production. Costs applicable to sales per gold and silver ounce decreased 21% and 23%, respectively, as a result of the increase in tonnes placed on the new leach pad, lower maintenance costs and LCM adjustments, and the favorable impact of an increase in estimated recoverable ounces on the legacy leach pad in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by higher labor, electrical and outside service costs. Amortization increased by $14.9 million to $41.3 million due to higher gold and silver ounces sold, and the commencement of production from the new stage 6 leach pad in mid-September 2023 and the three-stage crushing circuit in March 2024. Capital expenditures decreased to $72.7 million from $263.4 million due to reduced spending related to the expansion project.
Commissioning of Rochester’s new three-stage crushing circuit and truck load-out facility was completed on March 7, 2024 leading to declaration of commercial production and $528 million of construction in process placed into service in the first quarter of 2024. Ore tonnes placed increased 16% quarter-over-quarter to 7.4 million tonnes, including approximately 4.6 million tonnes through the new crushing circuit and placed on the new leach pad.
Kensington
Year ended December 31,
Tonnes milled
Average gold grade (grams/tonne)
Average recovery rate
Gold ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
CAS per gold ounce (1)
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gold production increased 11% as a result of 9% higher mill throughput and slightly higher grades. Metal sales were $377.7 million, or 18% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared to $225.1 million, or 21% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $152.6 million, or 68%, of which $115.7 million was due to higher average realized gold prices, and $36.9 million was due to higher volume of gold production. Costs applicable to sales per gold ounce increased 2% as higher production was more than offset by higher maintenance, freight, and royalty costs. Amortization increased to $39.3 million primarily due to an increase in gold ounces sold. Capital expenditures decreased to $65.6 million from $68.7 million due to lower underground development and capitalized exploration, partially offset by the construction of the expanded tailings impoundment.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gold production increased 13% as a result of a 7% increase in grade and higher mill throughput. Metal sales were $225.1 million, or 21% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared to $162.5 million, or 20% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $62.7 million, or 39%, of which $37.5 million was due to higher average realized gold prices and $25.2 million resulting from a higher volume of gold production. Costs applicable to sales per gold ounce decreased 8% due to higher production, and lower labor and diesel costs, partially offset by higher outside service and royalty costs. Amortization increased by $2.3 million to $28.2 million primarily due to an increase in gold ounces sold. Capital expenditures increased to $68.7 million from $53.3 million reflecting continued investment associated with the multi-year underground development and exploration program designed to extend and enhance the mine life, which began in 2022 and is expected to be completed in 2025, as well as underground development and tailings dam expansion expenditures.
Wharf
Year ended December 31,
Tonnes placed
Average gold grade (grams/tonne)
Gold ounces produced
Silver ounces produced
Gold ounces sold
Silver ounces sold
CAS per gold ounce (1)
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gold production decreased 1% driven by lower grade material placed on the pads and the timing of recoveries. Ore tonnes placed during the fourth quarter were impacted following a fire incident at the tertiary crusher which occurred during regularly scheduled maintenance. The tertiary crusher sustained damage to conveyor belts and electrical system components which will require replacement, but the site is partially mitigating reduced crushing capacity by adding temporary crushing capacity. Detailed engineering for the replacement crusher has been completed and a new tertiary crushing system is planned to be installed and commissioned during the second quarter of 2026. Production is expected to progressively increase throughout the year as permanent crushing capacity is restored. Production is expected to progressively increase throughout the year as permanent crushing capacity is restored. Metal sales were $339.2 million, or 16% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared to $234.0 million, or 22% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $105.2 million, or 45%, of which $114.4 million was due to higher average realized gold prices, partially offset by $9.2 million due to lower gold production. Costs applicable to sales per gold ounce increased 24% due to lower grade ore tonnes placed and higher labor and royalty costs. Amortization decreased to $6.6 million due to the decrease in gold ounces mined. Capital expenditures increased to $17.8 million from $7.2 million as a result of the construction of a water treatment facility, capitalized exploration, and mining equipment purchases.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gold production increased 5% driven by higher tonnes placed and grade placed on the pads, and timing of recoveries. Metal sales were $234.0 million, or 22% of Coeur’s metal sales, compared to $189.5 million, or 23% of Coeur’s metal sales. Revenue increased by $44.5 million, or 23%, of which $33.9 million attributable to higher average realized gold prices and $10.6 million was due to a higher gold production. Costs applicable to sales per gold ounce decreased 19% due to higher tonnes and grade placed on the pads, and lower diesel costs, partially offset by higher royalties, labor and outside service costs. Amortization remained comparable at $6.5 million. Capital expenditures increased to $7.2 million from $2.5 million due to the construction of a water treatment facility.
Silvertip
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024
Exploration expenses total $31.2 million in 2025 compared to $27.3 million in the prior year. Ongoing carrying costs at Silvertip totaled $10.4 million in 2025 and $8.5 million in the prior year. Capital expenditures in 2025 totaled $7.1 million compared to $3.6 million in the prior year.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
Exploration expense totaled $27.3 million in 2024 as the Company continued to focus on expanding the mineral resources at Silvertip, which were supported by 461 meters of underground mine development. Ongoing carrying costs at Silvertip totaled $8.5 million in 2024 compared to $15.6 million in 2023. Capital expenditures in 2024 totaled $3.6 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2025, the Company had $555.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and $399.5 million available under the RCF. Future borrowing under the RCF may be subject to certain financial covenants. Cash and cash equivalents increased $498.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2025 due to the cash acquired in the SilverCrest Transaction of $103.7 million, the sale of SilverCrest acquired bullion and metal inventory for $72.0 million, a 24% and 59%
increase in gold and silver ounces sold, respectively, (includes $421.4 million of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas), and a 45% and 43% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively. This was partially offset by RCF net repayments of $195.0 million, transaction cost related payments of $21.6 million, income and mining tax payments of $178.5 million, full repayment of outstanding prepayment agreement balances at Rochester, Kensington and Wharf, $221.2 million of capital expenditures, and the second payment of $10.0 million related to the acquisition of mining concessions at Palmarejo.
We currently believe we have sufficient sources of funding to meet our business requirements for the next twelve months and longer term. We expect to use cash provided by operating activities to fund near term capital requirements, including those described in this Report for our 2026 capital expenditure guidance, and to repurchase shares pursuant to the Company’s $75.0 million share repurchase program (the “Program”). The acquisition of SilverCrest included acquiring a significant amount of cash and gold and silver bullion, which was used along with our cash provided by operating activities to repay all borrowings under the RCF. Our longer-term plans contemplate continued exploration to extend the mine lives at our operating sites, reduction of debt, and additional investment to determine the viability of the Silvertip project. Our long-term target leverage ratio of Net Debt to the Last Twelve Months Adjusted EBITDA is 0.0 times Adjusted EBITDA . Our current net leverage ratio is (0.2) times Adjusted EBITDA as of December 31, 2025.
We also have additional obligations as part of our ordinary course of business, beyond those committed for capital expenditures and other purchase obligations and commitments for purchases of goods and services.
If and to the extent liquidity resources are insufficient to support short- and long-term expenditures, we may need to incur additional indebtedness or issue additional equity securities, among other financing options, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. This could have a material adverse impact on the Company, as discussed in more detail under “Item 1A – Risk Factors”.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $886.9 million, compared to $174.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $1,025.8 million, compared to $339.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 (see “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures”). Net cash provided by operating activities was impacted by the following key factors for the applicable periods:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands
Cash flow before changes in operating assets and liabilities
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables
Prepaid expenses and other
Inventories
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Cash provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $712.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to a 24% and 59% increase in gold and silver ounces sold (includes $421.4 million of post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas), a 45% and 43% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively, the sale of SilverCrest acquired bullion and metal inventory for $72.0 million, lower interest expense, and lower ore placed on leach pads at Wharf. This was partially offset by full repayment of outstanding prepayment agreement balances at Rochester, Kensington and Wharf, higher general and administrative and exploration expenses, income and mining tax payments of $178.5 million compared to $45.1 million in 2024, and timing of VAT collections at Palmarejo and Las Chispas and sales receipts at Kensington. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $1,016.1 million, of which $471.1 million was due to higher average realized gold and silver prices, $123.6 million was due to higher volume of gold and silver sales, and $421.4 million was due to post-acquisition sales at Las Chispas.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $106.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a 8% and 13% increase in gold and silver ounces sold, respectively, a 18% and 15% increase in average realized gold and silver prices, respectively, partially offset by higher ore placed on leach pads at Rochester and Wharf, lower prepaid revenue at Kensington and increased exploration, general and administrative, interest and income and mining tax expense. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $232.8 million, of which $142.5 million was the result of higher average gold and silver prices and $90.3 million was due to higher volume of gold sales.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 was $127.8 million compared to $193.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in investing activities decreased due to the cash acquired in the SilverCrest Transaction of $103.7 million, partially offset by post-acquisition capital expenditures at Las Chispas. The Company incurred capital expenditures of $221.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared with $183.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily related to post-acquisition underground development, and equipment purchases at Las Chispas, underground development at Palmarejo and Kensington, expanded tailings impoundment at Kensington and the construction of a water treatment facility at Wharf in both periods.
Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $193.5 million compared to $303.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. Cash used in investing activities decreased due to lower spending on capital expenditures at Rochester. There were fewer net proceeds on the sale of investments including $39.8 million received from the sale of the Company’s remaining Victoria Gold Common Shares, net proceeds of $7.0 million received from the sale of the La Preciosa Deferred Consideration and $5.0 million received from the sale of the La Preciosa project in 2023 compared to the initial payment of $10.0 million due at closing for the $25.0 million acquisition of mining concessions at Palmarejo in 2024. The Company incurred capital expenditures of $183.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared with $364.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily related to expansion construction and ramp-up activities at Rochester and underground development and exploration at Palmarejo and Kensington in both periods.
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 was $260.6 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $13.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company repaid $195.0 million, net, under the RCF, repurchased $9.6 million of common stock in connection with the Company’s Program, and prepaid $25.6 million in finance leases at Rochester and Kensington. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $23.7 million from the sale of 7.7 million shares of its common stock in the Private Placement Offering, and drew $20.0 million, net, from the RCF.
Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $13.9 million compared to $236.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $23.7 million from the sale of 7.7 million shares of its common stock in the Private Placement Offering, and drew $20.0 million, net, from the RCF. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company drew $95.0 million, net, under the RCF, received aggregate net proceeds of $147.7 million from the sale of 54.6 million shares of its common stock in the March 2023 Equity Offering and September 2023 Equity Offering, and received net proceeds of $20.9 million from the sale of 8.3 million shares of its common stock in the Private Placement Offering.
On May 27, 2025, the Company announced the $75.0 million share repurchase program (the “Program”), effective through May 31, 2026. Under the Program, repurchases may be carried out from time to time through opportunistic open-market purchases or by other means in amounts and at prices that Coeur deems appropriate, subject to market and business conditions, applicable legal requirements and other considerations. On June 11, 2025, the Company entered into a 10b-18 share repurchase agreement (the “10b-18 Agreement”) and an issuer securities repurchase 10b5-1 plan (the “Company 10b5-1 Plan”) with BMO Capital Markets Corp. as the Company’s broker. On August 8, 2025, the Company and BMO Capital Markets Corp. amended the Company 10b5-1 Plan to modify certain terms of the arrangement (the “First Modified Company 10b5-1 Plan”). On November 12, 2025, the Company and BMO Capital Markets Corp. further amended the First Modified Company 10b5-1 Plan (the “Second Modified Company 10b5-1 Plan”). Pursuant to its terms, the Second Modified Company 10b5-1 Plan terminated on December 12, 2025.
The following table summarizes repurchases made pursuant to the 10b-18 Agreement in the three months and year ended December 31, 2025:
Three Months Ended December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
Shares repurchased
Cost of shares (in thousands)
Average price paid per share
Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments
Listed below are the accounting policies that we believe are critical to our financial statements due to the degree of uncertainty regarding the estimates and assumptions involved and the magnitude of the asset, liability, revenue, and expense being reported. For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 -- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company produces doré and concentrate that is shipped to third-party refiners and smelters, respectively, for processing. The Company enters into contracts to sell its metal to various third-party customers which may include the refiners and smelters that process the doré and concentrate. The Company’s performance obligation in these transactions is generally the transfer of metal to the customer.
In the case of doré shipments, the Company generally sells refined metal at market prices agreed upon by both parties. The Company also has the right, but not the obligation, to sell a portion of the anticipated refined metal in advance of being fully refined. When the Company sells refined metal or advanced metal, the performance obligation is satisfied when the metal is delivered to the customer. Revenue and Costs Applicable to Sales are recorded on a gross basis under these contracts at the time the performance obligation is satisfied.
Under the Company’s concentrate sales contracts with third-party smelters, metal prices are set on a specified future quotational period, typically one to three months after the shipment date, based on market prices. When the Company sells gold concentrate to the third-party smelters, the performance obligation is satisfied when risk of loss is transferred to the customer. The contracts, in general, provide for provisional payment based upon provisional assays and historical metal prices. Final settlement is based on the applicable price for the specified future quotational period and generally occurs three to six months after shipment. The Company’s provisionally priced sales contain an embedded derivative that is required to be separated from the host contract for accounting purposes. The host contract is the receivable from the sale of concentrates measured at the forward price at the time of sale. The embedded derivative does not qualify for hedge accounting and is adjusted to fair value through revenue each period until the date of final metal settlement.
The Company also sells concentrate under off-take agreements to third-party customers that are responsible for arranging the smelting of the concentrate. Prices can either be fixed or based on a quotational period. The quotational period varies by contract, but is generally a one-month period following the shipment of the concentrate. The performance obligation is satisfied when risk of loss is transferred to the customer.
The Company recognizes revenue from concentrate sales, net of treatment and refining charges, when it satisfies the performance obligation of transferring control of the concentrate to the customer.
For doré and off-take sales, the Company may incur a finance charge related to advance sales that is not considered significant and, as such, is not considered a separate performance obligation. In addition, the Company has elected to treat freight costs as a fulfillment cost under ASC 606 and not as a separate performance obligation.
The Company’s gold stream agreement with Franco-Nevada provided for a $22.0 million deposit paid by Franco-Nevada in exchange for the right and obligation, commencing in 2016, to purchase 50% of a portion of Palmarejo gold production at the lesser of $800 or market price per ounce. Because there is no minimum obligation associated with the deposit, it is not considered financing, and each shipment is considered to be a separate performance obligation. The stream agreement represents a contract liability under ASC 606, which requires the Company to ratably recognize a portion of the deposit as revenue for each gold ounce delivered to Franco-Nevada.
Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of its financial statements, the allocation of fair value to assets and liabilities assumed in connection with business combinations, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period, and mined reserves. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. There are a number of uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves, including many factors beyond the Company’s control. Mineral reserve estimates are based upon engineering evaluations of samplings of drill holes and other openings. These estimates involve assumptions regarding future silver and gold prices, mine geology, mining methods and the related costs to develop and mine the reserves. Changes in these assumptions could result in material adjustments to the Company’s reserve estimates. The Company uses reserve estimates in determining the units-of-production amortization and evaluating mine assets for potential impairment. For a discussion of estimates and assumptions used by management that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of its financial statements, the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period, and mined reserves, see Note 2 -- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Amortization
The Company amortizes its property, plant, and equipment, mining properties, and mine development using the units-of-production method over the estimated life of the ore body generally based on its proven and probable reserves or the straight-line method over the useful life, whichever is shorter. The accounting estimates related to amortization are critical accounting estimates because (1) the determination of reserves involves uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of its reserves and the assumptions used in determining the economic feasibility of mining those reserves and (2) changes in estimated proven and probable reserves and asset useful lives can have a material impact on net income.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We review and evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Asset impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated undiscounted pretax future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there is identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups. An impairment loss is measured by discounted estimated future cash flows, and recorded by reducing the asset's carrying amount to fair value. Future cash flows are estimated based on estimated quantities of recoverable minerals, expected gold and silver prices (considering current and historical prices, trends and related factors), production levels, operating costs, capital requirements and reclamation costs, all based on life-of-mine plans.
Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization other than proven and probable reserves, are included when determining the fair value of mine site asset groups at acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of gold and silver that will be obtained after taking into account losses during ore processing and treatment. Estimates of recoverable minerals from exploration stage mineral interests are risk adjusted based on management’s relative confidence in such materials. The ability to achieve the estimated quantities of recoverable minerals from exploration stage mineral interests involves further risks in addition to those risk factors applicable to mineral interests where proven and probable reserves have been identified, due to the lower level of confidence that the identified mineral reserves and resources could ultimately be mined economically. Assets classified as exploration potential have the highest level of risk that the carrying value of the asset can be ultimately realized, due to the still lower level of geological confidence and economic modeling.
Gold and silver prices are volatile and affected by many factors beyond the Company’s control, including prevailing interest rates and returns on other asset classes, expectations regarding inflation, speculation, currency values, governmental decisions regarding precious metals stockpiles, global and regional demand and production, political and economic conditions and other factors that may affect the key assumptions used in the Company’s impairment testing. Various factors could impact our ability to achieve forecasted production levels from proven and probable reserves. Additionally, production, capital and reclamation costs could differ from the assumptions used in the cash flow models used to assess impairment. Actual results may vary from the Company’s estimates and result in additional Impairment of Long-lived Assets .
Ore on Leach Pads
The heap leach process extracts silver and gold by placing ore on an impermeable pad and applying a diluted cyanide solution that dissolves a portion of the contained silver and gold, which are then recovered in metallurgical processes.
The Company uses several integrated steps to scientifically measure the metal content of ore placed on the leach pads. As the ore body is drilled in preparation for the blasting process, samples are taken of the drill residue which are assayed to determine estimated quantities of contained metal. The Company then processes the ore through crushing facilities where the output is again weighed and sampled for assaying. A metallurgical reconciliation with the data collected from the mining operation is completed with appropriate adjustments made to previous estimates. The crushed ore is then transported to the leach pad for application of the leaching solution. As the leach solution is collected from the leach pads, it is continuously sampled for assaying. The quantity of leach solution is measured by flow meters throughout the leaching and precipitation process. After precipitation, the product is converted to doré at the Rochester mine and a form of gold electrolytic cathodic sludge at the Wharf mine, representing the final product produced by each mine. The inventory is stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined using a weighted average cost method.
The historical cost of metal expected to be extracted within 12 months is classified as current and the historical cost of metals contained within the broken ore expected to be extracted beyond 12 months is classified as non-current. Ore on leach pads is valued based on actual production costs incurred to produce and place ore on the leach pad, less costs allocated to minerals recovered through the leach process.
The estimate of both the ultimate recovery expected over time and the quantity of metal that may be extracted relative to the time the leach process occurs requires the use of estimates, which are inherently inaccurate due to the nature of the leaching process. The quantities of metal contained in the ore are based upon actual weights and assay analysis. The rate at which the leach process extracts gold and silver from the crushed ore is based upon laboratory testing and actual experience of more than 20 years of leach pad operations at the Rochester mine and 30 years of leach pad operations at the Wharf mine. The assumptions used by the Company to measure metal content during each stage of the inventory conversion process includes estimated recovery rates based on laboratory testing and assaying. The Company periodically reviews its estimates compared to actual experience and revises its estimates when appropriate. The ultimate recovery will not be known until leaching operations cease. Variations between actual and estimated quantities resulting from changes in assumptions and estimates that do not result in write-downs to net realizable value are accounted for on a prospective basis. There are five reusable heap leach pads (load/offload) used at Wharf. Each pad goes through an approximate 24-month process of loading of ore, leaching and offloading which includes a neutralization and denitrification process. During the leaching cycle of each pad, revised estimated recoverable ounces for each of the pads may result in an upward or revision from time to time, which generally have not been significant. Updated recoverable ounce estimates are considered a change in estimate and are accounted for prospectively. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s combined estimated recoverable ounces of gold and silver on the leach pads were 64,482 and 8.9 million, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in a business acquisition. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment annually as of December 31 and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The Las Chispas mine is considered a distinct reporting unit for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. Based on the December 31, 2025 review, the Company concluded that Goodwill was not impaired.
The Company may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value exceeds the carrying value. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined using either the income approach utilizing estimates of discounted future cash flows or the market approach utilizing recent transaction activity for comparable properties. These approaches are considered Level 3 fair value measurements. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
When the income approach is utilized to determine fair value, the estimated cash flows used to assess the fair value of a reporting unit are derived from the Company’s current business plans, which are developed using short-term price forecasts reflective of the current price environment and management’s projections for long-term average metal prices. In addition to short- and long-term metal price assumptions, other assumptions include estimates of operating costs; proven and probable mineral reserves estimates, including the timing and cost to develop and produce the reserves; value beyond proven and probable estimates; estimated future closure costs; the use of appropriate discount rates; and applicable U.S. dollar long-term exchange rates. See Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. For testing purposes of our reporting units, management's best estimates of the expected future results are the primary driver in determining the fair value. However, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the goodwill impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. Examples of events or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the underlying key assumptions and ultimately impact the estimated fair value of our reporting units include, but are not limited to, such items as: (i) a decrease in forecasted production levels if we are unable to realize the mineable reserves, resources and exploration potential at our mining properties and extend the life of mine (ii) increased production or capital costs (iii) adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions including the market price of metals and changes in the equity and debt markets or country-specific factors which could result in higher discount rates, (iv) significant unfavorable changes in tax rates including increased corporate income or mining tax rates, and (v) negative changes in regulation, legislation, and political environments which could impact our ability to operate in the future. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding goodwill.
Reclamation
The Company recognizes obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation will be recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The fair value of the liability is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset and this additional carrying amount is depreciated over the life of the asset. An accretion cost, representing the increase over time in the present value of the liability, is recorded each period in Pre-development, Reclamation, and Other .
As reclamation work is performed or liabilities are otherwise settled, the recorded amount of the liability is reduced. Future remediation costs for inactive mines are accrued based on management’s best estimate at the end of each period of the discounted costs expected to be incurred at the site. Such cost estimates include, where applicable, ongoing care and maintenance and monitoring costs. Changes in estimates are reflected in earnings in the period an estimate is revised. See Note 10 -- Reclamation in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Derivatives
The Company is exposed to various market risks, including the effect of changes in metal prices and interest rates, and uses derivatives to manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. The Company may elect to designate certain derivatives as hedging instruments under U.S. GAAP.
The Company, from time to time, uses derivative contracts to protect the Company’s exposure to fluctuations in metal prices. The Company has elected to designate these instruments as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions at their inception. Assuming normal market conditions, the change in the market value of such derivative contracts has historically been, and is expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of revenue from metal sales are recognized as a component of Revenue in the same period as the related sale is recognized. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency transactions are recognized as a component of Costs applicable to sales or Predevelopment, reclamation and other in the same period the related expenses are incurred.
For derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, the Company recognizes derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in the value of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are recorded each period in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) in Fair value adjustments, net or Revenue . Management applies judgment in estimating the fair value of instruments that are highly sensitive to assumptions regarding commodity prices, market volatilities, and foreign currency exchange rates. See Note 14 -- Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.
Income and Mining Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the guidance of ASC 740. The Company’s annual tax rate
is based on income, statutory tax rates in effect and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax expense, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.
The Company’s deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts measured by tax laws and regulations. In evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers both positive and negative evidence that may exist, such as earnings history, reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies in each tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning strategies.
The Company has asserted a partial indefinite reinvestment of earnings from its Mexican operations as determined by management’s judgment about and intentions concerning the future operations of the Company. The Company does not record a U.S. deferred tax liability for foreign earnings that meet the indefinite reversal criteria. See Note 11 -- Income and Mining Taxes for further discussion on our assertion.
The Company’s operations may involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state, and international tax audits. The Company recognizes potential liabilities and records tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company adjusts these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period which they are determined. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
Other Liquidity Matters
We believe that our liquidity and capital resources in the U.S. are adequate to fund our U.S. operations and corporate activities. The Company has asserted a partial indefinite reinvestment of earnings from its Mexican operations as determined by management’s judgment about, and intentions concerning, the future operations of the Company. The Company does not believe that the amounts reinvested will have a material impact on liquidity.
In order to reduce indebtedness, fund future cash interest payments and/or amounts due at maturity or upon redemption and for general working capital purposes, from time to time we may (1) issue equity securities for cash in public or private offerings or (2) repurchase certain of our debt securities for cash or in exchange for other securities, which may include secured or unsecured notes or equity, in each case in open market or privately negotiated transactions. We evaluate any such transactions in light of prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors. The amounts involved may be significant and any debt repurchase transactions may occur at a substantial discount to the debt securities’ face amount.
Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures are intended to provide additional information only and do not have any standard meaning prescribed by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Unless otherwise noted, we present the Non-GAAP financial measures in the tables below. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted Net Income
Management uses Adjusted net income to evaluate the Company’s operating performance, and to plan and forecast its operations. The Company believes the use of Adjusted net income reflects the underlying operating performance of our core mining business and allows investors and analysts to compare results of the Company to similar results of other mining companies. Management’s determination of the components of Adjusted net income is evaluated periodically and is based, in part, on a review of non-GAAP financial measures used by mining industry analysts. The tax effect of adjustments are based on statutory tax rates and the Company’s tax attributes, including the impact through the Company’s valuation allowance. The combined effective rate of tax adjustments may not be consistent with the statutory tax rates or the Company’s effective tax rate due to jurisdictional tax attributes and related valuation allowance impacts which may minimize the tax effect of certain adjustments and may not apply to gains and losses equally. Adjusted net income is reconciled to Net income in the following table:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands except per share amounts
Net income (loss)
Fair value adjustments, net
Foreign exchange loss (gain) (1)
Loss on sale of assets
RMC bankruptcy distribution
(Gain) loss on debt extinguishment
Transaction costs
Kensington royalty settlement
Wage and Hour Litigation settlement
Mexico arbitration matter
Flow-through share premium
Interest income
Legacy crusher non-operating costs
COVID-19
Valuation allowance and tax effect of adjustments (2)
Adjusted net income (loss)
Adjusted net income (loss) per share, Basic
Adjusted net income (loss) per share, Diluted
(1) Includes the impact of foreign exchange rates on deferred tax balances of $43.5 million, $0.3 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
(2) For the year ended December 31, 2025, tax effect of adjustments of $171.2 million (-467%) are primarily related to the release of the valuation allowance against U.S. net deferred tax assets of $162.0million, the wage and hour litigation settlement, and transaction costs at Corporate. For the year ended December 31, 2024, tax effect of adjustments of $(0.8) million (-5%) are primarily related to the RMC bankruptcy distribution, and nonrecurring expenses at Palmarejo. For the year ended December 31, 2023, tax effect of adjustments of $1.8 million (8%) is primarily related to the loss on the sale of the La Preciosa Deferred Consideration.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Management uses EBITDA to evaluate the Company’s operating performance, to plan and forecast its operations, and assess leverage levels and liquidity measures. The Company believes the use of EBITDA reflects the underlying operating performance of our core mining business and allows investors and analysts to compare results of the Company to similar results of other mining companies. Adjusted EBITDA is the basis of a measure used in the indenture governing the 2029 Senior Notes and the RCF to determine our ability to make certain payments and incur additional indebtedness. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent, and should not be considered an alternative to, Net income (Loss) or Cash Flow from Operations as determined under GAAP. Other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently and those calculations may not be comparable to our presentation. Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to Net income (loss) in the following table:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands
Net income
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
Income tax provision
Amortization
EBITDA
Fair value adjustments, net
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
Asset retirement obligation accretion
Inventory adjustments and write-downs
Loss on sale of assets
RMC bankruptcy distribution
(Gain) loss on debt extinguishment
Kensington royalty settlement
Wage and Hour Litigation settlement
Mexico arbitration matter
Flow-through share premium
Interest income
Legacy crusher disposal
COVID-19
Transaction costs
Adjusted EBITDA
Free Cash Flow
Management uses Free Cash Flow as a non-GAAP measure to analyze cash flows generated from operations. Free Cash Flow is Cash Provided By (used in) Operating Activities less Capital expenditures as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company believes Free Cash Flow is also useful as one of the bases for comparing the Company’s performance with its competitors. Although Free Cash Flow and similar measures are frequently used as measures of cash flows generated from operations by other companies, the Company’s calculation of Free Cash Flow is not necessarily comparable to such other similarly titled captions of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow , a non-GAAP financial measure, to Cash Provided By (used in) Operating Activities , which the Company believes to be the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to Free Cash Flow.
Consolidated
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash flow from operations
Capital expenditures
Free cash flow
Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital
Management uses Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital as a non-GAAP measure to analyze cash flows generated from operations. Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital is Cash Provided By (used in) Operating Activities excluding the change in Receivables , Prepaid expenses and other , Inventories and Accounts payable and accrued liabilities as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company believes Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital is also useful as one of the bases for comparing the Company’s performance with its competitors. Although Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital and similar measures are frequently used as measures of cash flows generated from operations by other companies, the Company’s calculation of Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital is not necessarily comparable to such other similarly titled captions of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital , a non-GAAP financial measure, to Cash Provided By (used in) Operating Activities , which the Company believes to be the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to Operating Cash Flow Before Changes in Working Capital.
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash provided by operating activities
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables
Prepaid expenses and other
Inventories
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Operating cash flow before changes in working capital
Net Debt and Leverage Ratio
Management defines Net Debt , a non-GAAP financial measure, as Total Debt less Cash and Cash Equivalents . We define Leverage Ratio , a non-GAAP financial measure, as the ratio of Net Debt to the Last Twelve Months Adjusted EBITDA . Management believes Net Debt and Leverage Ratio are important measures to monitor our financial flexibility and evaluate the strength of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net Debt and Leverage Ratio have limitations as analytical tools and may vary from similarly titled measures used by other companies. Net Debt and Leverage Ratio should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
The following table presents a reconciliation of Total Debt , the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Net Debt for each of the periods presented.
Year ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Total debt
Cash and cash equivalents
Net (cash) debt
Net (cash) debt
Last Twelve Months Adjusted EBITDA
Net Leverage ratio
Costs Applicable to Sales
Management uses CAS to evaluate the Company’s current operating performance and life of mine performance from discovery through reclamation. We believe these measures assist analysts, investors and other stakeholders in understanding the costs associated with producing gold and silver, as well as assessing our operating performance and ability to generate free cash flow from operations and sustaining production. These measures may not be indicative of operating profit or cash flow from operations as determined under GAAP. Management believes that allocating CAS to gold and silver based on gold and silver metal sales relative to total metal sales best allows management, analysts, investors and other stakeholders to evaluate the operating performance of the Company. Other companies may calculate CAS differently as a result of reflecting the benefit from selling non-silver metals as a by-product credit, converting to silver equivalent ounces, and differences in underlying accounting principles and accounting frameworks such as in IFRS Accounting Standards.
Year Ended December 31, 2025
In thousands (except metal sales and per ounce amounts)
Las Chispas (1)
Palmarejo
Rochester
Kensington
Wharf
Silvertip
Total
Costs applicable to sales, including amortization (U.S. GAAP)
Amortization
Costs applicable to sales
Metal Sales
Gold ounces
Silver ounces
Costs applicable to sales
Gold ($/oz)
Silver ($/oz)
(1) Includes the impact of the purchase price allocation ascribed to Inventory of $93.5 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
In thousands (except metal sales and per ounce amounts)
Palmarejo
Rochester
Kensington
Wharf
Silvertip
Total
Costs applicable to sales, including amortization (U.S. GAAP)
Amortization
Costs applicable to sales
Metal Sales
Gold ounces
Silver ounces
Costs applicable to sales
Gold ($/oz)
Silver ($/oz)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
In thousands (except metal sales and per ounce amounts)
Palmarejo
Rochester
Kensington
Wharf
Silvertip
Total
Costs applicable to sales, including amortization (U.S. GAAP)
Amortization
Costs applicable to sales
Metal Sales
Gold ounces
Silver ounces
Costs applicable to sales
Gold ($/oz)
Silver ($/oz)
Reconciliation of Costs Applicable to Sales for 2026 Guidance
In thousands (except metal sales and per ounce amounts)
Las Chispas
Palmarejo
Rochester
Kensington
Wharf
Costs applicable to sales, including amortization (U.S. GAAP)
Amortization
Costs applicable to sales
By-product credit
Adjusted costs applicable to sales
Metal Sales
Gold ounces
Silver ounces
Revenue Split
Gold
Silver
Adjusted costs applicable to sales
Gold ($/oz)
Silver ($/oz)
