insiderdeltaSEC filings, surfaced and scored

CoverageForm 410-K10-Q8-K13D13G13F

Boyd Gaming Corp

BYDCIK 0000906553 · Every Form 4 filed by insiders at this issuer. See financials →

Annual report (10-K)

Latest 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026. Sentiment + YoY language diff vs prior year. Read sections →

Signal:Neutral

Risk Factors:tone -0.0357Δ-0.001394% similar+29/-29 ¶

MD&A:tone -0.0059Δ-0.000690% similar+94/-76 ¶

Sentiment via Loughran-McDonald lexicon · YoY diff via Jaccard similarity + paragraph set difference.

Recent 8-K announcements

Per-item disclosure feed. Item 2.02 is the earnings release.

May 8, 2026no items parsed May 7, 2026no items parsed Apr 23, 20262.02 · Results9.01 · Financial Statements and Exhibits Feb 24, 2026no items parsed Feb 19, 2026no items parsed

YoY shift: Neutral

Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is -0.10pp more bearish than last year's.

Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.

Tone shift by section

The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.

Risk Factors

-0.13pp

Flat

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

MD&A

-0.06pp

Flat

Net-tone change vs last year's 10-K.

Per-snippet highlights

Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.

Top insiders

Most active reporters at Boyd Gaming Corp

Name	Roles	Filings
Hirsberg Josh	Officer	25
Bogich Ted	Officer	21
Clinton Uri	Officer	15
Spadafor Christine J.	Director	12
Nelson Lori M.	Officer	8

Showing 6-10 of 17

Per pagePrevPage 2 of 4Next

Top performers

Insiders ranked by realized 90-day signed return on their open-market trades at Boyd Gaming Corp. Minimum 3 scored trades. Returns are signed - a sale followed by a rally counts against the insider.

#	Insider	Trades	Win rate	Avg	Median	Best	Worst
1	Thompson Stephen S.	9	100%	+11.7%	+15.2%	+18.5%	+0.0%
2	Boyd William R	14	64%	+6.5%	+7.4%	+25.4%	-10.7%
3	Boyd William S	22	64%	+6.5%	+9.8%	+17.2%	-8.5%
4	Smith Keith	16	75%	+5.8%	+7.2%	+23.5%	-11.1%
5	Hirsberg Josh	6	50%	+3.1%	+2.0%	+23.5%	-10.5%
6	Bogich Ted	5	80%	+3.0%	+2.1%	+14.3%	-10.7%
7	Johnson Marianne Boyd	24	33%	-4.1%	-5.8%	+14.3%	-23.0%
8	Spadafor Christine J.	6	33%	-2.8%	-4.8%	+18.3%	-21.8%

All filings

259 Form 4 / 4-A filings, newest first

Filed	Insider	Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value
Jun 4, 2026	Smith Keith President and CEO · Director	SSale	100,000	$85.90	$8,590,000
May 14, 2026	Spadafor Christine J. Director	SSale	1,237	$80.91	$100,086
May 11, 2026	Thoman A. Randall Director	AGrant	2,347	$0.00	$0
May 11, 2026	Hartmeier Michael A. Director	AGrant	2,347	$0.00	$0
May 11, 2026	Boyd William R Director	AGrant	2,347	$0.00	$0

Showing 1-5 of 259

Per pagePage 1 of 52Next

Real-time Form 4 intelligence. Smarter insider tracking.

Filed		Top transaction	Shares	Price	Value

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information contained in this report on Form 10-K, the following Risk Factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business.

If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of our securities, including our common stock and senior notes, could decline significantly, and investors could lose all or part of their investment.

This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

Risks Related to our Business

Our business is particularly sensitive to reductions in discretionary consumer spending due to inflation and downturns in the economy.

Consumer demand for entertainment and other amenities at our casino hotel properties is particularly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary spending on leisure activities. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences brought about by factors such as inflation, rising interest rates, perceived or actual general economic conditions, effects of declines in consumer confidence in the economy, including any future housing, employment and credit crisis, the impact of high energy and food costs, the increased cost of travel, the potential for bank failures, decreased disposable consumer income and wealth, or fears of war and future acts of terrorism could further reduce customer demand for the amenities that we offer, thus imposing practical limits on pricing and negatively impacting our results of operations and financial condition.

In 2008, we experienced a profound reduction in consumer demand as a result of the economic recession in the U.S. economy, and we are now experiencing the impacts of inflation and other economic factors, which are significantly impacting customer visitations and business revenue. Consumer spending habits changed significantly due to the recession in 2008, and we expect that consumer behavior due to inflation and other economic factors may be similarly altered for an extended period of time. Because our business model relies on consumer expenditures on entertainment, luxury and other discretionary items, an ongoing economic downturn could materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Failure to maintain the integrity of our information technology systems, protect our internal information, or comply with applicable privacy and data security regulations could adversely affect us.

We rely extensively on our computer systems to process customer transactions, manage customer and employee data, and communicate with third-party vendors and other third parties, and we may also access the internet to use our computer systems. Our operations require that we collect and store customer and employee data, including credit card numbers and other personal information, for various business purposes, including marketing and promotional purposes. Breaches of our security measures or information technology systems or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive personal information or confidential data about us, or our customers, or our employees, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information as a result of hacking or other cyber-attack, computer virus, fraudulent use by customers, employees or employees of third party vendors, trickery or other forms of deception or unauthorized use, or due to system failure, could us, our customers, our employees or other individuals affected to a risk of or of this information, result in and potential liability for us, our casino or brand names and reputations or otherwise our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We rely on proprietary and commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting, and storing customer information, such as payment card, employee information and other confidential or proprietary information. Our data security measures are reviewed and evaluated regularly; however, they might not protect us increasingly sophisticated and aggressive , and in our computer systems can occur notwithstanding the data security measures and recovery plans that we have in place. Further, our systems are not fully redundant, and our recovery planning cannot account for all possible scenarios. The cost and operational consequences of implementing further data security measures could be significant.

Any loss, disclosure of, misappropriation of, or access to customers’ or other personal, proprietary information or any other breach of our information security could result in extensive legal proceedings or legal claims, including regulatory investigations and actions, or liability for failure to comply with state or federal privacy and information security laws, including for failure to protect personal information or for misusing personal information, which could disrupt our operations, cause extensive damage to our reputation, and expose us to legal claims from customers, financial institutions, regulators, payment card associations, employees, and other persons, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow.

Additionally, the collection of customer and employee personal information imposes various privacy compliance-related obligations on our business and increases the risks associated with a breach or failure of the integrity of our information technology systems. The collection and use of personal data are governed by privacy laws and regulations enacted by the various states, the United States federal government, and various foreign jurisdictions. Privacy laws and regulations continue to evolve and on occasion may be inconsistent between jurisdictions. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, collectively, the "CCPA"), provides to California consumers certain access, deletion and opt-out rights related to their personal information, imposes civil penalties for violations and affords, in certain cases, a private right of action for data breaches. Compliance with the CCPA may require us to incur significant costs and expenses. Similar laws have been passed or proposed in other states and at a federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. In addition to and that may be imposed for to comply with state law, some states provide for private rights of action to customers for of or access to personal information.

Compliance with privacy laws and regulations may increase our operating costs and/or adversely impact our ability to market our products, properties, and services to our customers. In addition, non-compliance with applicable privacy laws and regulations by us (or in some circumstances non-compliance by third-party service providers engaged by us) may also result in damage to our reputation, vulnerabilities that could be exploited to breach our systems and/or subject us to fines, payment of damages, lawsuits or restrictions on our use or transfer of personal information.

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Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our digital gaming operations, and any system failures, errors, defects, or disruptions could adversely affect our operations.

Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our digital gaming operations and to user satisfaction, and we rely significantly on our computer systems and software to receive and properly process internal and external data. Our systems may not be adequate to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our online business. In addition, while we believe we have taken appropriate steps to protect our systems, we cannot guarantee that the measures we take to prevent cyberattacks and to protect our systems will be sufficient to ensure uninterrupted operation of our digital platform and provide absolute security. We may be subject to website disruptions, outages, and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors and capacity constraints. Disruptions from unauthorized access to, of, or tampering with our computer systems and technological infrastructure, or those of third parties that provide support to our operations, could result in a wide range of outcomes, each of which could materially affect the operation of our online business and our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, our computer systems and software may contain faults, errors, bugs, flaws or corrupted data, and these defects may affect our online offerings or cause systemic shutdowns. These types of issues could disrupt our operations or render a product unavailable. Inaccessibility or intermittent problems with our products could make users less likely to return to our digital platform as often, if at all, or to recommend our offerings to other potential users.

If our systems are damaged, breached, attacked, interrupted, or otherwise cease to function properly, we may be required to make significant investments to repair or replace them and may experience loss or corruption of critical data as well as suffer interruptions in our business operations in the interim.

Intense competition exists in the gaming industry, and we expect competition to continue to intensify.

The gaming industry is highly competitive for both customers and employees, including those at the management level. We compete with numerous gaming entertainment properties. We also compete with other non-gaming resorts and vacation destinations and with various other casino and entertainment businesses, including online gaming websites and mobile applications, and could compete with any new forms of gaming that may be legalized in the future. For example, there has been recent expansion of sports betting in various states with legislation allowing for sports betting in casinos and/or online. Expansion of traditional and online gaming in jurisdictions where we do not operate could create additional competition. The casino entertainment business is characterized by competitors that vary considerably in their size, type of facilities, number of operations, brand identities, marketing and growth strategies, financial strength and capabilities, amenities, management talent and geographic diversity. We face competition from nearby markets in addition to direct competition within our market areas.

With fewer new markets opening for development, competition in existing markets has also intensified in recent years. We and our competitors have invested in expanding existing facilities, developing new facilities, and acquiring established facilities in existing markets. This expansion of existing casino entertainment properties, the increase in the number of properties and the aggressive marketing strategies of many of our competitors have increased competition in many markets in which we compete, and we expect this to continue. Additionally, competition may intensify if our competitors commit additional resources to aggressive pricing and promotional activities to attract customers.

We also compete with legalized gaming from casinos located on Native American tribal lands. Expansion of Native American gaming in areas located near our properties, or in areas in or near those from which we draw our customers, could have an adverse effect on our operating results.

In addition, we also compete to some extent with other forms of gaming on both a local and national level, including state-sponsored lotteries, charitable gaming, video gaming terminals at bars, restaurants, taverns and truck stops, on-and off-track wagering, and other forms of entertainment, including motion pictures, sporting events and other recreational activities. These secondary competitors could reduce the number of visitors to our facilities or the amount they are willing to wager, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue or maintain our profitability and cash flows.

If our competitors operate more successfully than we do, if they attract customers away from us as a result of aggressive pricing and promotion, if they are more successful than us in attracting and retaining employees, if their properties are enhanced or expanded, if they operate in jurisdictions that give them operating advantages due to differences or changes in gaming regulations or taxes, or if additional hotels and casinos are established in and around the locations in which we conduct business, we may lose market share or the ability to attract or retain employees. In particular, the expansion of casino gaming in or near any geographic area from which we attract or expect to attract a significant number of our customers could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, increased competition may require us to make substantial capital expenditures to maintain and enhance the competitive positions of our properties, including updating slot machines to reflect changing technology, refurbishing public service areas periodically, replacing obsolete equipment on an ongoing basis and making other expenditures to increase the attractiveness and add to the appeal of our facilities. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient funds to undertake these expenditures or that we will be able to obtain sufficient financing to fund such expenditures. If we are unable to make such expenditures, our competitive position could be materially adversely affected.

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We may incur impairments to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or long-lived assets.

In accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance for goodwill and other intangible assets, we test our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or if a triggering event occurs. We also test our long-lived assets for impairment if a triggering event occurs. We perform our annual impairment testing for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1. Impairment charges of $128.4 million, $10.5 million and $107.8 million were recorded as a result of our 2025, 2024 and 2023 impairment tests and triggering event reviews, respectively.

If our estimates of projected cash flows related to our assets are not achieved, we may be subject to future impairment charges, which could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Risks Related to the Regulation of our Industry

We are subject to extensive governmental regulation, including federal, state and local laws affecting business in general, which may harm our business.

Our ownership, management and operation of gaming facilities are subject to extensive laws, regulations and ordinances, which are administered by various federal, state and local government entities and agencies. We are subject to regulations that apply specifically to the gaming industry, horse racetracks and casinos, including regulation with respect to gambling, live racing, and approval standards applicable to our directors, officers, key employees, joint venture partners and certain shareholders. We are also subject to regulations applicable to businesses generally, including regulation with respect to alcoholic beverages, smoking, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes, anti-money laundering and marketing and advertising. A more detailed description of the governmental gaming regulations to which we are subject is filed as Exhibit 99.1 herewith. If significant additional or differing gaming regulations are adopted in a jurisdiction in which we operate, such regulations could impose restrictions or costs that could have an adverse effect on us. From time to time, various proposals are introduced in the legislatures of some of the jurisdictions in which we have existing or planned operations that, if enacted, could adversely affect the tax, regulatory, operational or other aspects of the gaming industry and our company. Additionally, some regulatory authorities have adopted laws and policies regarding climate considerations, emissions, and water usage. Such requirements could result in increased costs related to regulatory compliance, including potential additional capital expenditures.

We can give no assurance that any additional licenses, permits and approvals that may be required will be granted or that existing ones will be renewed. Renewal is subject to, among other things, continued satisfaction of suitability requirements. Any failure to renew or maintain our licenses or to receive new licenses when necessary could have a material adverse effect on us.

We are subject to extensive taxation policies, which may harm our business.

From time-to-time, federal, state, and local legislators and officials have proposed changes in tax laws, or in the administration of such laws, affecting the gaming industry. For example, the federal government has considered a federal tax on casino revenues. In addition, worsening economic conditions could intensify the efforts of state and local governments to raise revenues through increases in gaming taxes, property taxes and/or by authorizing additional gaming properties each subject to payment of a new license fee. It is not possible to determine with certainty the likelihood of changes in the applicability or administration of such laws. Such changes, if adopted, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In addition, gaming companies are often subject to significant revenue-based taxes and fees, in addition to normal federal, state and local corporate income taxes. Such taxes and fees are subject to increase at any time and increases may be retroactive to prior years. A material increase in state and local taxes and fees could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected.

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Risks Related to our Properties

We own real property and are subject to extensive environmental regulation, which creates uncertainty regarding future environmental expenditures and liabilities and could affect our ability to develop, sell or rent our property or to borrow money using such property as collateral.

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, including those governing discharges into air and water, the generation, handling and disposal of petroleum products, hazardous substances and wastes, and the health and safety of our employees. For example, our horse racing operations are subject to oversight by the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), which includes regulations governing concentrated animal feeding operations and the related processing of animal wastewater. Permits may be required for us to conduct business on our properties, and these permits are subject to renewal, modification and, potentially, revocation.

In addition, under environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be liable for the costs of investigation and removal or remediation of some kinds of hazardous substances or petroleum products on, under, or in its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or caused, the presence of the contaminants, and regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Additionally, as an owner or operator, we could also be held responsible to a government entity or third parties for property damage, personal injury and investigation and cleanup costs incurred by them in connection with any contamination. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of those substances may be substantial, and the presence of those substances, or the failure to remediate a property properly, may impair our ability to use our property.

The presence of, or failure to remediate properly, such substances may adversely affect the ability to sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. Additionally, the owner of a site may be subject to claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site.

Future developments regarding environmental matters could lead to material costs of environmental compliance for us, and such costs could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Our operations could be impacted by extreme weather conditions.

Certain of our properties are located in areas that may be subject to extreme weather conditions, including, but not limited to, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, wildfires, and winter storms. Extreme weather conditions may interrupt our operations, damage our properties and reduce the number of customers who visit our facilities in the affected areas.

Our properties in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio and Pennsylvania are at risk of experiencing snowstorms, tornadoes and flooding.

Snowstorms and other adverse weather conditions have interrupted our operations, damaged our properties and reduced the number of customers who visit our facilities in an affected area. Likewise, some of our properties have been forced to close for extended periods due to floods and hurricanes, and certain of our properties are in areas that have been identified by the director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ("FEMA") as a special flood hazard area. If there is a prolonged disruption at any of our properties due to natural disasters or other catastrophic weather events, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, the operations of critical suppliers could be negatively impacted by severe weather conditions, which could affect our business.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to fully collect under our insurance coverage on any claims resulting from extreme weather conditions. If any of our properties are damaged or if our operations are disrupted because of extreme weather, or if extreme weather adversely impacts general economic or other conditions in the areas in which our properties are located or from which we draw our patrons, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We draw a significant percentage of our customers from certain geographic regions. Events adversely impacting the economy of these regions, including public health outbreaks and man-made or natural disasters, may adversely impact our business.

The California, Fremont and Main Street Station draw a substantial portion of their customers from the Hawaiian market, with such customers historically comprising approximately half of the room nights sold at each property. Decreases in discretionary consumer spending, as well as an increase in fuel costs or transportation prices, a decrease in airplane seat availability, or a deterioration of relations with tour and travel agents, particularly as they affect travel between the Hawaiian market and our facilities, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our facilities, including our riverboats and dockside facilities, are subject to risks relating to mechanical failure and regulatory compliance.

Generally, all of our facilities are subject to the risk that operations could be halted for a temporary or extended period of time due to casualty, forces of nature, mechanical failure, or extended or extraordinary maintenance, among other causes.

We currently conduct our Par-A-Dice, Blue Chip, Sam's Town Shreveport, Amelia Belle and Belterra Resort gaming operations on riverboats. Each of our riverboats must comply with the United States Coast Guard ("USCG") requirements as to boat design, on-board facilities, equipment, personnel and safety. Each riverboat must hold a Certificate of Inspection for stabilization and flotation and may also be subject to local zoning codes. The USCG requirements establish design standards, set limits on the operation of the vessels and require individual licensing of all personnel involved in the operation of the vessels. Loss of a vessel's Certificate of Inspection would preclude its use as a casino.

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Some of our hotels and casinos are located on leased property. If we default on one or more leases, the applicable lessors could terminate the affected leases, and we could lose possession of the affected hotel and/or casino.

We lease certain property on which our hotels and gaming facilities are located. As a lessee, we have the right to use the leased land, including the structures on such land; however, we do not retain fee ownership in the property. Accordingly, we have no interest in the land or improvements thereon at the expiration of the lease. Moreover, since we do not completely control the land underlying such property, a landowner could take certain actions to disrupt our rights in the land leased under a long-term lease. While such interruption is unlikely, such events are beyond our control. If the entity owning any property chose to disrupt our use either permanently or for a significant period of time, then the value of our assets could be impaired and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. If we were to default on any one or more of these leases, the applicable lessors could terminate the affected leases, and we could lose possession of the affected property, including the underlying land, hotels and casinos. This could have a material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if some of our leased facilities are , we could remain obligated for lease payments and other obligations under the leases even if we withdrew from those locations.

Risks Related to our Indebtedness

We have incurred a significant amount of indebtedness in the past and may incur significant indebtedness in the future, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

In the past, we have incurred significant indebtedness to fund the growth and development of our business. We and our subsidiaries had approximately $2.1 billion of long-term debt on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2025, which approximately $0.2 billion was outstanding under the Credit Facility (as defined below in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Indebtedness "), and excluded approximately $12.7 million in aggregate outstanding letters of credit. In addition, an aggregate amount of approximately $1,276.6 million was available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Indebtedness ") as of December 31, 2025.

We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including under our Credit Facility or in connection with expansion, development, investment or other strategic initiatives. Our future ability to satisfy any debt obligations is subject, to some extent, to financial, market, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond our control. If new debt is added to our consolidated debt levels, the risks associated with our indebtedness could increase, and substantial debt obligations could have negative consequences to our business, including increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions and requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows to debt service rather than to operating or growth initiatives.

The terms of our Credit Facility and other debt instruments do not fully prohibit us or our subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness, and borrowings under the Credit Facility could be effectively senior to other indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such borrowings.

Note 7, Long-Term Debt , included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements presented in Part II, Item 8, contains further disclosure regarding our current outstanding debt. In addition, Note 16, Subsequent Events , includes further disclosure regarding our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement entered into on January 21, 2026 .

The restrictive covenants in our Credit Facility and other debt instruments may limit our operational and financial flexibility, and failure to comply with these covenants could adversely impact our business.

Our current debt instruments contain, and any future debt instruments are likely to contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These covenants restrict our ability to, among other things: incur additional debt, including providing guarantees or credit support; incur liens securing indebtedness or other obligations; make certain investments; dispose of assets; make certain acquisitions; pay dividends or make distributions and make other restricted payments; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; engage in new businesses; and enter into transactions with our stockholders and our affiliates.

In addition, our Credit Facility contains certain financial covenants, including, without limitation, covenants requiring us to maintain: (i) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio on a quarterly basis of 2.50 to 1.00 , and (ii) a maximum Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio ("CTNL Ratio") on a quarterly basis. The CTNL Ratio is calculated as Consolidated Net Indebtedness to twelve-month trailing Consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the Credit Agreement and must be no higher than 4.50 to 1.00. Our Credit Facility also imposes limitations on the incurrence of indebtedness and liens, transfers, sales and other dispositions, and restrictions on investments, dividends and certain other payments.

Failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of our indebtedness and have a significant adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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We require a significant amount of cash to service our debt. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to make payments, refinance, or otherwise service our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures and expansion efforts depends on our ability to generate cash. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control, including interest rates.

Our business may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations, and future borrowings may not be available to us under the Credit Facility in amounts sufficient for us to retire our current indebtedness as such indebtedness matures and to fund our other liquidity needs. If our cash flows from operations are insufficient, or if access to capital under our Credit Facility or other financing sources is limited, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness as it matures or seek alternative sources of liquidity. There can be no assurance that refinancing or other financing will be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In such circumstances, we may be required to adjust our operating plans, including by reducing or delaying capital expenditures, disposing of assets, or pursuing alternative financing arrangements. In addition, certain state laws contain restrictions on the ability of companies engaged in the gaming business to undertake certain financing transactions. Such restrictions may prevent us from obtaining the necessary capital to meet our current repayment obligations.

Current and future economic, capital and credit market conditions could adversely affect our ability to service our indebtedness and other financial commitments or make planned expenditures .

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and other financial commitments, including the rent payments under our leases, and to fund planned or committed capital expenditures and other investments depends on our ability to generate cash flow, borrow under the Credit Facility or incur new indebtedness. Capital market volatility and prevailing high interest rates increases our cost of capital. Additionally, borrowings under certain of our facilities are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate volatility. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on certain of our variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same. Our ability to timely refinance and replace our indebtedness on attractive terms or at all will be significantly influenced by the economic and capital market conditions at the time of such refinancing. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness on a timely basis or if attractive financing terms are not available to us, we might be forced to seek alternate forms of financing, dispose of certain assets or minimize capital expenditures and other investments. There is no assurance that any of these alternatives would be available to us, if at all, on terms.

We are required to pay a substantial amount of rent pursuant to our Master Lease agreements with GLPI, which impacts free cash flow and could limit our ability to invest in our operations or seek additional development or strategic opportunities.

We lease the real estate of Ameristar Kansas City, Ameristar St. Charles, Belterra Resort and Belterra Park (each an "OpCo," and collectively the "OpCos") from GLPI, pursuant to two triple net REIT Master Leases (the "Master Leases"). Current annual rent under the Master Leases is $113.8 million, with rental increases over time. The Master Leases also include substantial additional obligations that may require future uses of free cash flow, including obligations to maintain and repair the properties and minimum annual capital investment requirements. The Master Leases also provide that we assume the risk of loss with respect to any casualty or condemnation event, and we may be required to repair or rebuild the facility in such event.

These obligations, should the circumstances arise, could significantly impact free cash flow and adversely impact our ability to invest in our operations or seek additional development or strategic opportunities. For example, our obligations under the Master Leases may limit our ability to:

prepay or repay our long-term debt or to obtain additional indebtedness;

fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate activities; and

respond to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate, including pursuing new markets and additional lines of business, development opportunities, acquisitions and other strategic investments that we might otherwise pursue.

Any of the above listed factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Equity Ownership

Certain of our stockholders own large interests in our capital stock and may significantly influence our affairs.

Marianne Boyd Johnson, our Chairman, together with her immediate family, beneficially owned approximat ely 30% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2025. As such, the Boyd family could significantly influence our affairs, including electing the members of our Board of Directors and, except as otherwise provided by law, approving or disapproving other matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, including a merger, consolidation, or sale of assets.

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ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For the year ended December 31, 2023, and changes from the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2024, management’s discussion and analysis pertaining to our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, and the results of our operations have been omitted from this MD&A and may be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In 2025, the Company separated out online reimbursements revenue from online revenue and online reimbursements expense from online expense and recast its consolidated statements of operations to reflect these changes, as discussed further in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recasted Consolidated Statements of Operations . Given this recast, the Company has provided changes for the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2024 for the revenue sources, including online revenue and online reimbursements revenue, that were impacted by the recast. The disaggregation of online reimbursements revenue from online revenue and online reimbursements expense from online expense did not impact the Company's total revenues, net income or earnings per share as previously reported for 2024 and 2023. In addition to the historical information, certain statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of certain events may differ significantly from those projected in such forward-looking statements.

Our primary areas of focus are: (i) growing revenues and building loyalty among our core customers; (ii) ensuring our existing operations are managed as efficiently as possible; (iii) maintaining the strength of our balance sheet, including our leverage ratios, and finding opportunities to diversify and increase cash flow; (iv) returning capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends; (v) investing in our existing operations to enhance our offerings and remain positioned for growth; and (vi) successfully pursuing our growth strategy, which is built on identifying development opportunities in our existing portfolio and acquiring assets that we believe are a strategic fit and provide an appropriate return to our shareholders.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Boyd Gaming Corporation (the "Company," "Boyd Gaming," "we" or "us") is a multi-jurisdictional gaming company that has been in operation since 1975.

As of December 31, 2025, we had 27 gaming entertainment properties. Headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada, we have geographically diversified gaming entertainment properties in Nevada, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. In addition, we own and operate Boyd Interactive, a B2B and B2C online casino gaming business. We also manage the Sky River Casino located in California under a management agreement with Wilton Rancheria. We have the following four reportable segments: (i) Las Vegas Locals; (ii) Downtown Las Vegas; (iii) Midwest & South; and (iv) Online, (collectively "Reportable Segments"). The Las Vegas Locals, Downtown Las Vegas and Midwest & South segments include the operating results of our gaming entertainment properties. The Online segment includes the operating results of our online gaming business, including the acquisition on September 1, 2024 of Boyd Digital (collectively, "Boyd Interactive"), and online market access fees from our agreements with third parties throughout the United States. To reconcile Reportable Segments information to the consolidated information, the Company has aggregated nonreportable operating segments into a Managed & Other category. The Managed & Other category includes management fees earned under our management contract with Wilton Rancheria for the management of Sky River Casino in northern California and the operating results of Lattner, our Illinois distributed gaming operator.

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The table below lists the Reportable Segment classification of each of our gaming entertainment properties that were aggregated based on their similar economic characteristics, types of customers, types of services and products provided, the regulatory environments in which they operate and their management and reporting structure.

Las Vegas Locals

Gold Coast Hotel and Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

The Orleans Hotel and Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall

Las Vegas, Nevada

Suncoast Hotel and Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

Eastside Cannery Casino and Hotel (1)

Las Vegas, Nevada

Aliante Casino + Hotel + Spa

North Las Vegas, Nevada

Cannery Casino Hotel

North Las Vegas, Nevada

Jokers Wild

Henderson, Nevada

Downtown Las Vegas

California Hotel and Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

Fremont Hotel & Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

Main Street Station Hotel and Casino

Las Vegas, Nevada

Midwest & South

Par-A-Dice Casino

East Peoria, Illinois

Belterra Casino Resort (2)

Florence, Indiana

Blue Chip Casino Hotel Spa

Michigan City, Indiana

Diamond Jo Casino

Dubuque, Iowa

Diamond Jo Worth

Northwood, Iowa

Kansas Star Casino

Mulvane, Kansas

Amelia Belle Casino

Amelia, Louisiana

Delta Downs Racetrack Hotel & Casino

Vinton, Louisiana

Evangeline Downs Racetrack & Casino

Opelousas, Louisiana

Sam's Town Shreveport

Shreveport, Louisiana

Treasure Chest Casino

Kenner, Louisiana

IP Casino Resort Spa

Biloxi, Mississippi

Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall Tunica (3)

Tunica, Mississippi

Ameristar Casino * Hotel Kansas City (2)

Kansas City, Missouri

Ameristar Casino * Resort * Spa St. Charles (2)

St. Charles, Missouri

Belterra Park (2)

Cincinnati, Ohio

Valley Forge Casino Resort

King of Prussia, Pennsylvania

The Interim Gaming Hall (4)

Norfolk, Virginia

(1) Property has been closed since March 18, 2020. The Company began demolition of the property during the fourth quarter of 2025.

(2) Property is subject to a master lease agreement with a real estate investment trust.

(3) Property permanently closed on November 9, 2025.

(4) Property opened on November 7, 2025 and is a variable interest entity consolidated in our financial statements.

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We also own a travel agency located in Hawaii. Financial results for our travel agency are included in our Downtown Las Vegas segment, as our Downtown Las Vegas properties focus their marketing efforts on gaming customers from Hawaii.

Most of our gaming entertainment properties also include a hotel, restaurants, bars, a sportsbook, retail and other amenities. Our main business emphasis is on slot revenues, which are highly dependent upon the number of visits and spending levels of customers at our properties.

Our gaming entertainment properties have historically generated significant operating cash flow, with the majority of our revenue being cash-based. While we do provide casino credit and the ability to transfer digital funds from a player's cashless "BoydPay" wallet, subject to certain gaming regulations and jurisdictions, most of our customers wager with cash and pay for non-gaming services with cash or by credit card.

Until July 31, 2025, we also held a five percent equity ownership interest in FanDuel Group Parent, LLC ("FanDuel"), the nation's leading sports-betting operator. On July 10, 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement with FanDuel and TSE Holdings Ltd., to sell our equity interest, terminate certain market access agreements and enter into certain new market access agreements. The sale of our five percent equity interest in FanDuel closed on July 31, 2025 ("FanDuel Equity Sale"), and the Company received aggregate cash proceeds of $1,758.0 million. See also Note 1 , Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Collaborative Arrangements - FanDuel.

Our industry is capital intensive, and we rely heavily on the ability of our operations to generate operating cash flow to fund maintenance capital expenditures, pay income taxes, repay debt financing and associated interest costs, repurchase our debt or equity securities, pay dividends, and provide excess cash for future development and to help fund acquisitions.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to increase shareholder value by pursuing strategic initiatives that improve and grow our business.

Growing Revenues and Operating Efficiently

We are committed to growing revenues and building loyalty among core customers through targeted marketing investments with a focus on maximizing gaming revenues while operating as efficiently as possible.

Balance Sheet Strength

We are committed to maintaining a strong balance sheet and finding opportunities to diversify and increase our cash flow. We are also committed to a balanced capital allocation approach with our cash flows, with a current emphasis on investing in our business and returning capital to shareholders. The aggregate cash proceeds from the FanDuel Equity Sale during the third quarter of 2025 were used primarily to repay outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility.

Evaluating Acquisition and Growth Opportunities

Our evaluations of potential investments and growth opportunities are strategic, deliberate, and disciplined. Our goal is to identify and pursue opportunities that grow our business, are available at the right price and deliver a solid return for shareholders. These investments can take the form of expanding and enhancing offerings and amenities at existing properties, developing new properties, expanding and enhancing online sports wagering and online casino offerings as they are legalized in and around the states we operate today, and asset acquisitions.

Maintaining our Brand

The ability of our Team Members to deliver great "Boyd Style" customer service helps distinguish our Company and our brands from our competitors. Our Team Members are an important reason that our customers continue to choose our properties over the competition across the country. In addition, we have established nationwide branding through our "Boyd Rewards" loyalty program. Our players use their Boyd Rewards cards to earn and redeem points at all of our gaming entertainment properties and online casino gaming offerings. Boyd Rewards, among other benefits, rewards players for their loyalty by entitling them to qualify for promotions and monetary discounts, earn rewards toward gaming and nongaming activities and receive benefits such as vacations and luxury gifts.

Our Key Performance Indicators

We use several key performance measures to evaluate the operations of our gaming entertainment properties. These key performance measures include the following:

Gaming revenue measures : slot handle , which means the dollar amount wagered in slot machines, and table game drop , which means the total amount of cash, including digital funds transferred from the players' cashless "BoydPay" wallets, deposited in table games drop boxes, plus the sum of the markers issued at all table games, are measures of volume and/or market share. Slot win and table game hold , which refers to the amount of money wagered on slot machines and table games, respectively, that is retained by us and recorded as gaming revenues. This figure represents the difference between total wagers made by customers and the winnings they receive on slot machines and table games. Slot win percentage and table game hold percentage are not fully controllable by us and represent the relationship between slot handle to slot win and table game drop to table game hold, respectively.

Food & beverage revenue measures : average guest check , which means the average amount spent per customer visit and is a measure of volume and product offerings; number of guests served ("food covers"), which is an indicator of volume; and the cost per guest served , which is a measure of operating margin.

Room revenue measures : hotel occupancy rate , which measures the utilization of our available rooms; average daily rate ("ADR"), which is a price measure; and the cost per room , which is a measure of operating margin.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Total revenues

Operating income

Net income

Total Revenues

Total revenues increased $161.8 million, or 4.1%, for 2025 as compared to 2024 due primarily to the following: (i) an increase in online reimbursements revenue of $125.7 million, which relates to reimbursements of gaming taxes and other expenses paid on behalf of our online partners; (ii) an increase in gaming revenues of $54.2 million, or 2.1%, driven by an increase in slot handle of 2.8% and slot win of 2.5%; and (iii) an increase in management fees of $10.5 million related to our management of Sky River Casino; offset by (iv) a decrease in online revenue of $23.6 million, which was driven by a $56.5 million decrease in revenue from market access agreements and offset by a $32.9 million increase in revenue from Boyd Interactive's operations, which was driven primarily by the acquisition of Boyd Digital on September 1, 2024. The $56.5 million decrease in revenue from market access agreements for 2025 was due to the termination of certain agreements starting in third quarter 2025 and in some instances, entry into new agreements at lower rates than those terminated. In addition, 2024 was favorably impacted by $32.1 million in one-time market access fees.

Operating Income

In 2025, our operating income decreased $179.4 m illion, or 19.3%, as compared to 2024. Operating income was unfavorably impacted by a $117.9 million increase in impairment of assets over the prior year as the Company recorded long-lived asset impairment charges of $128.4 million during 2025 related to property and equipment in the Las Vegas Locals and Midwest & South segments and operating lease right-of-use assets in the Midwest & South segment, compared to a $10.5 million impairment charge during 2024 related to a gaming license right in the Midwest & South segment. In addition, depreciation and amortization increased $26.1 million driven by a full year of depreciation in 2025 after completion of the new land-based casino at Treasure Chest in June 2024 and our hotel room renovations at multiple properties. While we experienced growth in gaming revenues during 2025, one of our higher margin revenue streams, and growth in Boyd Interactive revenues during 2025, both as discussed above, that growth was offset by the $56.5 million decrease in market access fee revenue, as also discussed above. Market access fee revenue has minimal expenses associated with it such that an increase or decrease in market access fee revenue will have a greater impact on operating income than increases or decreases in other revenue streams. In addition, the increase in online reimbursements revenue of $125.7 million, as discussed above, resulted in zero operating income as an equal amount representing the amount of gaming taxes and other expenses paid on behalf of our online partners is also recorded as expense.

Net Income

For the year ended December 31, 2025, net income was $1,838.9 million, compared with net income of $578.0 million for the prior year. This increase was primarily driven by the following: (i) a $1,748.0 million gain on the FanDuel Equity Sale in the third quarter of 2025; offset by (ii) a $316.7 million increase in the income tax provision primarily driven by the FanDuel Equity Sale; and offset by (iii) the $179.4 million decrease in operating income, as discussed above.

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Operating Revenues

We derive the majority of our revenues from our gaming operations, which generated approximately 64% and 66% of our revenues in 2025 and 2024, respectively. Online reimbursements revenues, which include reimbursements received from our third-party operators for gaming taxes and other expenses we pay u nder the market access agreements, represent our next most significant revenue source, generating 14% and 11% of our revenues in 2025 and 2024 , respectively. Food & beverage revenues, room revenues, online revenues, management fee revenues and other revenues separately contributed 8% or less of revenues in each of 2025 and 2024 .

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

REVENUES

Gaming

Food & beverage

Room

Online

Online reimbursements

Management fee

Other

Total revenues

DEPARTMENTAL OPERATING EXPENSES

Gaming

Food & beverage

Room

Online

Online reimbursements

Other

Total departmental operating expenses

MARGINS

Gaming

Food & beverage

Room

Online

Online reimbursements

Other

Gaming

Gaming revenues are comprised primarily of the net win from our slot machine operations and to a lesser extent from table games win. The $54.2 million, or 2.1%, increase in g aming revenues during 2025 as compared to the prior year, was primarily due to increases in slot handle of 2.8% and slot win of 2.5%.

Food & Beverage

Food & beverage revenues increased $6.7 million, or 2.2% , during 2025 as compared to prior year, primarily due to an increase in average guest check of 7.0%, offset by a 2.8% decrease in food covers. Food & beverage margin for the year ended December 31, 2025, decreased to 14.4% from 16.3% for the prior year comparable period, primarily due to a 9.6% increase in cost per guest served.

Room

Room revenues decreased $13.3 million, or 6.5% , in 2025 compared to 2024 due primarily to a decline in average daily rate of 3.4% and hotel occupancy rate of 0.9%. Room margin for the year ended December 31, 2025, declined to 59.7% from 62.1% for the prior year, primarily due to a 2.9% increase in cost per room.

Online

Online revenues decreased $23.6 million, or 15.1%, in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily driven by a $56.5 million decrease in revenue from market access agreements due to the termination of certain agreements starting in the third quarter of 2025 and in some instances, entry into new agreements at lower rates than those terminated. In addition, 2024 favorably benefitted from $32.1 million of one-time market access fees. Offsetting this decline is a $32.9 million increase in revenue from Boyd Interactive's operations, which was driven primarily by the acquisition of Boyd Digital on September 1, 2024. Online margins declined during the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the prior year, due primarily to the changes in our market access agreements starting in the third quarter of 2025. The fees we receive under our market access agreements generate high margin revenues as we incur minimal costs related to such agreements. As such, the lower market access fees we now receive from the new agreements entered into during the third quarter of 2025 had an unfavorable impact on online margins as compared to the prior year, and we expect these lower margins to continue and further dilute with a full year of lower market access fee revenues.

Online revenues increased $61.6 million, or 65.3%, in 2024 compared to 2023 due primarily to a $38.1 million increase in market access fees, including $32.1 million of one-time market access fees, and a $23.4 million increase in revenue from Boyd Interactive, inclusive of Boyd Digital upon acquisition on September 1, 2024.

Online reimbursements

Online reimbursements revenues increased $125.7 million, or 27.9%, in 2025 compared to 2024 and represents an increase in reimbursements of gaming taxes and other expenses paid on behalf of our online partners.

Online reimbursements revenues increased $122.5 million, or 37.3%, in 2024 compared to 2023 and represents an increase in reimbursements of gaming taxes and other expenses paid on behalf of our online partners.

Management Fee

Management fee revenues of $98.9 million and $88.4 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, relate to our management agreement with Wilton Rancheria to manage the Sky River Casino in northern Califo rnia.

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Other

Other revenues relate to patronage visits at the other amenities at our properties, including entertainment and nightclub revenues, retail sales, theater tickets and other venues. Other revenue s increased by $1.6 million, or 1.1%, during 2025 as compared to the prior year.

Revenues and Adjusted EBITDAR by Reportable Segment

We determine profitability based on Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization and Rent ("Adjusted EBITDAR"), which represents earnings before interest expense, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, deferred rent, master lease rent expense, other operating items, net, share-based compensation expense, project development, preopening and writedown expenses, impairments of assets, gain or loss on early extinguishments and modifications of debt, net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest and other items, net, as applicable. Reportable Segment Adjusted EBITDAR is the aggregate sum of the Adjusted EBITDAR for each of the gaming entertainment properties included in our Las Vegas Locals, Downtown Las Vegas, and Midwest & South segments and our Online segment. Results for Downtown Las Vegas include the results of our travel agency located in Hawaii. Results for our nonreportable operating segments, including Lattner and our Sky River Casino management fees, are aggregated in the Managed & Other category. Corporate expense represents unallocated payroll, professional fees, rent, aircraft expenses and various other expenses not directly related to our casino, hotel and online operations. Furthermore, for purposes of this presentation, corporate expense excludes its portion of share-based compensation expense.

EBITDAR is a commonly used measure of performance in our industry that we believe, when considered with measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, facilitates comparisons between us and our competitors and provides our investors a more complete understanding of our operating results before the impact of investing transactions, financing transactions and income taxes. We have historically adjusted EBITDAR when evaluating operating performance because we believe that the inclusion or exclusion of certain recurring and non-recurring items is necessary to provide a full understanding of our core operating results and as a means to evaluate period-to-period results.

The following table presents total revenues and Adjusted EBITDAR by Reportable Segment and our Managed & Other category to reconcile to total revenues and total Adjusted EBITDAR:

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Total revenues

Las Vegas Locals

Downtown Las Vegas

Midwest & South

Online

Managed & Other

Total revenues

Adjusted EBITDAR (1)

Las Vegas Locals

Downtown Las Vegas

Midwest & South

Online

Managed & Other

Corporate expense

Adjusted EBITDAR

(1) Refer to Note 14, Segment Information , in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAR to net income attributable to Boyd Gaming, as reported in accordance with GAAP in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Las Vegas Locals

Total revenues decreased $4.6 million, or 0.5%, during 2025 as compared to the prior year. Room revenues declined $13.4 million over the prior year comparable period, primarily due to declines in hotel occupancy rate and average daily rate of 4.9% and 7.8%, respectively. The reduction in average daily rate and hotel occupancy rate was driven primarily from the prior year benefiting from the Super Bowl held in Las Vegas during the first quarter of 2024 and the softness in destination business primarily during the latter half of 2025. Offsetting this decline, was an increase in gaming revenues of $6.4 million primarily due to increases in slot win of 2.0% and slot handle of 1.4%. Food & beverage revenues increased $3.1 million, which was attributable to an 8.3% increase in average guest check and 0.5% increase in food covers.

Adjusted EBITDA R decreased $7.9 million, or 1.8%, during 2025 as compared to the prior year, due primarily to the $13.4 million room revenue decline combined with revenue mix changes, with higher margin room revenues in 2025 decreasing from the prior year and lower margin food & beverage revenues in 2025 increasing over the prior year.

Downtown Las Vegas

Total revenues de creased $1.4 million, or 0.6%, during 2025 as compared to the prior year. Gaming revenues decreased $1.9 million primarily due to a 1.7% decrease in both slot handle and slot win.

Adjusted EBITDA R decreased $2.9 million, or 3.4%, during 2025 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the gaming revenue decline, as discussed above, and a 6.9% increase in cost per guest served while food & beverage revenues were essentially flat year over year.

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Midwest & South

Total revenues i ncreased $53.2 million, or 2.6%, in 2025 as compared to 2024, reflecting revenue increases in all departmental categories. Gaming revenues increased $47.4 million which was attributable to increases in table game hold of 4.1%, slot handle of 3.8% and slot win of 2.9% over the prior year. Food & beverage revenue increased $3.4 million, which was driven by a 7.5% increase in average guest check, offset by a 4.7% decrease in food covers. The increases were primarily driven by Treasure Chest, which opened its new land-based casino in June 2024.

Adjusted EBITDAR increased $11.9 million, or 1.6%, in 2025 as compared to 2024, due primarily to the revenue increases discussed above and a full year of contributions from Treasure Chest's new land-based casino after opening in June 2024.

Online

Online revenu es increased $102.1 million, or 16.8% , in 2025 as compared to 2024 , primarily driven by an increase of $125.7 million in reimbursements of gaming taxes and other expenses paid on behalf of our online partners and a $32.9 million increase in revenue from Boyd Interactive's operations, driven by the acquisition of Boyd Digital on September 1, 2024. Offsetting these increases, was a $56.5 million decrease in revenue related to the market access agreement changes in the latter half of 2025 and the $32.1 million of one-time market access fees in 2024, as discussed above.

Adjusted EBITDAR decreased b y $44.5 million, or 41.3%, in 2025 as compared to 2024. There was an equal amount of expense recorded for the revenue related to the reimbursement of gaming taxes and other expenses, and thus online reimbursements revenue growth resulted in no impact to Adjusted EBITDAR. As such, the Adjusted EBITDAR decrease for the year ended December 31, 2025, was driven primarily by the reduction in revenue under our market access agreements offset by growth in Boyd Interactive's operations driven by the acquisition of Boyd Digital on September 1, 2024, all as discussed above.

Managed & Other

In 2025, total revenues increased by $12.4 million and Adjusted EBITDAR increased b y $12.0 million, as compared to 2024, primarily due to a $10.5 million increase in Sky River Casino management fees for 2025 compared to 2024.

Other Operating Costs and Expenses

The following operating costs and expenses, as presented in our consolidated statements of operations, are further discussed below:

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Selling, general and administrative

Master lease rent expense

Maintenance and utilities

Depreciation and amortization

Corporate expense

Project development, preopening and writedowns

Impairment of assets

Other operating items, net

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses include marketing, technology, compliance and risk, surveillance and security. These costs, as a percentage of revenues, were 10.6% and 10.9% for 2025 and 2024, respectively. While we continue to focus on our disciplined operating model and targeted marketing approach, selling, general and administrative expenses were favorably impacted by the increase in online reimbursements revenues over the prior year. Absent online reimbursements revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, were consistent with prior year.

Master Lease Rent Expense

Master lease rent expense represents rent expense incurred by four of our properties which are subject to two master lease agreements with a real estate investment trust. Master lease rent e xpense remained generally flat year over year at $113.8 millio n and $111.4 million during 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Maintenance and Utilities

Maintenance and utilities expenses, as a percentage of revenues, remained generally consistent at 3.7% and 3.8% for 2025 and 2024, respectively. Similar to selling, general and administrative expenses, absent online reimbursements revenue, maintenance and utilities expenses, as a percentage of revenues, were consistent with prior year.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $302.7 million and $276.6 million during 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense, for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year, is primarily driven by a full year of depreciation of the new land-based casino at Treasure Chest, which opened in June 2024 and hotel room renovations at multiple properties.

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Corporate Expense

Corporate expense represents unallocated payroll, professional fees, rent, aircraft expenses and various other administrative expenses that are not directly related to our casino, hotel and online operations, in addition to the corporate portion of share-based compensation expense. Corporate expense wa s generally consistent and represented 3.0% and 2.9% of revenues for 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Project Development, Preopening and Writedowns

Project development, preopening and writedowns represent: (i) certain costs incurred and recoveries realized related to the activities associated with various acquisition opportunities, strategic initiatives, dispositions and other business development activities in the ordinary course of business; (ii) certain costs of start-up activities that are expensed as incurred in our ongoing efforts to develop gaming activities in new jurisdictions and expenses related to other new business development activities that do not qualify as capital costs; (iii) asset writedowns; and (iv) realized gains arising from asset dispositions. Such costs are generally nonrecurring in nature and vary from period to period as the volume of underlying activities fluctuates. During 2025, the Company incurred $10.2 million in project development and preopening costs, primarily related to the opening of The Interim Gaming Hall in Norfolk, Virginia and other development projects and $4.7 million in asset writedowns, offset by $2.5 million in insurance proceeds related to an asset disposition. During 2024, the Company incurred $15.0 million in project development and preopening costs, primarily related to the opening of the Treasure Chest land-based casino and other development projects, $10.7 million in asset writedowns and $3.0 million in costs.

Impairment of Assets

During 2025, as a result of our first quarter impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $32.3 million for property and equipment related to our Las Vegas Locals segment. In addition, as a result of our third quarter 2025 impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $47.3 million for property and equipment related to our Midwest & South segment and $17.8 million for property and equipment related to our Las Vegas Locals segment. Further, as a result of our fourth quarter 2025 impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $25.0 million for property and equipment and $6.0 million for operating lease right-of-use assets related to our Midwest & South segment.

During 2024, as a result of our first quarter impairment review, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $10.5 million for a gaming license right related to our Midwest & South segment primarily related to a decline in operational performance.

Other Operating Items, Net

Other operating items, net, is generally comprised of miscellaneous non-recurring operating charges, including severance payments to separated employees, certain non-recurring litigation charges, natural disasters and severe weather impact, including hurricane and flood expenses, and subsequent recoveries of such costs, as applicable. The $15.4 mill ion of other operating items, net in 2025, was primarily driven by severance with the closure of our Sam's Town Tunica property, weather-related expenses and miscellaneous non-recurring operating charges. The $5.4 mill ion of other operating items, net in 2024, was primarily driven by non-recurring litigation reserves.

Other Expense (Income)

Interest Expense, Net

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest income

Average long-term debt balance (1)

Weighted average interest rates

Mix of Debt at Year End

Fixed rate debt

Variable rate debt

(1) Average debt balance calculation does not include the related discounts or deferred finance charges.

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest incom e, de creased $23.0 million, or 13.1% , from 2024 to 2025 . The decline was primarily driven by a decrease in the weighted average debt balance of $143.3 million and an approximate 60 basis point decrease in the weighted average interest rate. Interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest income, and the weighted average debt balance were favorably impacted in 2025 as a result of the FanDuel Equity Sale and the use of the proceeds in the third quarter to repay outstanding borrowings and retire the Term A Loan (as defined below in "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Indebtedness ") under the Credit Facility.

Early Extinguishments and Modifications of Debt

In 2025, the Company incurred $1.4 million in loss on early extinguishments of debt due to the full repayment and extinguishment of the Term A Loan with proceeds from the FanDuel Equity Sale. The $1.4 million incurred relates to the write-off of unamortized deferred finance charges associated with the Term A Loan.

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Other, net

Included within Other, net for 2025, is the gain from the FanDuel Equity Sale, net of transaction costs.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate during 2025 and 2024 was 21.1% and 23.1% , respectively. Our tax rate for 2025, was favorably impacted from the purchase of renewable energy tax credits at a discount and excess tax benefits related to equity compensation and unfavorably impacted by state taxes and nondeductible compensation. During 2025, there was a one-time discrete charge related to the FanDuel Equity Sale which reduced our effective tax rate given specific state taxes that apply to the gain. Our effective tax rate for 2024 was unfavorably impacted by certain nondeductible expenses, including nondeductible compensation and employee benefit expenses, which were partially offset by the inclusion of excess tax benefits related to equity compensation, as a component of the provision for income taxes.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was enacted into law. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes , requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. Certain provisions of the OBBBA such as the modification of limitation on business interest expense and the 100% bonus depreciation were included in our operating results for 2025. These changes did not have any significant impact to our effective tax rate, however, did result in a reduction to our cash taxes for 2025.

The IRS selected our federal corporate income tax return for the tax year ended December 31, 2021, for examination. The IRS examination began in the second quarter of 2024 and was closed in the second quarter of 2025 with no significant adjustments. As of December 31, 2025, there were no changes to our unrecognized tax benefits to date.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Financial Position

We generally operate with minimal or negative levels of working capital in order to minimize borrowings and related interest costs. Our cash and cash equivalents balances were $353.4 million and $316.7 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In addition, we held restricted cash balances of $5.4 million and $4.7 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our working capita l deficit at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $448.5 million and $61.2 million, respectively. The increase in our working capital deficit from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 was driven by $371.3 million of current liabilities for the purchase of renewable energy tax credits.

We believe that current cash balances together with the available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in " Indebtedness " below) and cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our liquidity and capital resource needs for the next twelve months, including our projected operating requirements and maintenance capital expenditures. See Indebtedness below for further detail regarding funds available through our Credit Facility.

The Company may also seek to secure additional working capital, repay respective current debt maturities, or fund respective development projects, in whole or in part, through incremental bank financing and additional debt or equity offerings, to the extent such offerings are allowed under our debt agreements.

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Cash Flows Summary

Year Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Capital expenditures

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash received

Cash paid for gaming license right intangible asset

Payments received on note receivable

Advances made under note receivable

Proceeds from sale of investment

Other investing activities

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Net (payments) borrowings under credit facility

Share-based compensation activities, net

Shares repurchased and retired

Dividends paid

Other financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During 2025 and 2024, we generated operating cash flow of $976.7 million and $957.1 million, respectively. The increase in operating cash flow during 2025 was due primarily to the collection of $15.9 million in receivables as of December 31, 2024 related to the $32.1 million in one-time market access fees recognized in 2024.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our industry is capital intensive, and we use cash flows for acquisitions, facility expansions, investments in future development or business opportunities and maintenance capital expenditures.

During 2025, we incurred ne t cash inflows for investing activities of $1,042.8 million comprised of the following: (i) $1,758.0 million of cash proceeds received from the FanDuel Equity Sale; offset by cash outflows of (ii) capital expenditures of $588.2 million, primarily related to our various guest room remodels, meeting and convention center expansion at Ameristar St. Charles, casino development in Norfolk, Virginia and new Cadence Crossing casino in Las Vegas, slot machines, land, IT equipment and building projects at various properties; (iii) cash paid for gaming license right intangible asset related to the Norfolk, Virgina project of $85.0 million; and (iv) advances made under a note receivable of $31.8 million.

During 2024, we incurred net cas h outflows for investing activities of $433.9 million comprised of capital expenditures of $400.4 million, primarily related to our Treasure Chest land-based casino project, various guest room remodels, slot machines, IT equipment and building projects at various properties. Investing cash outflows were also impacted by net cash paid of $30.3 million related to the acquisition of Boyd Digital.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

We rely upon our financing cash flows to provide funding for investment opportunities, returning capital to shareholders, repayments of obligations and ongoing operations.

The net cash outflows from financing activities during 2025 are primarily driven by the net payments on the Credit Facility of $1,139.6 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company repaid amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, including the full retirement of the Term A Loan, with the proceeds from the FanDuel Equity Sale. This repayment is offset by increased borrowings under the Credit Facility as we increased our capital expenditures and share repurchase activity by a combined total of $280.2 million over 2024, with share repurchases totaling $778.3 million in 2025 and reflecting the priority of our capital return program and focus on returning capital to shareholders.

The net cash outflows of $509.6 million for financing activities in 2024 was primarily driven by $685.9 million in share repurchases and $62.7 million in dividends paid, reflecting the priority of our capital return program and focus on returning capital to shareholders. During 2024, we increased borrowings under the Credit Facility as we increased our share repurchase activity and acquired Boyd Digital, resulting in net borrowings under the Credit Facility for 2024.

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Indebtedness

The outstanding principal balances of long-term debt, before unamortized discounts and fees, and the changes in those balances, are as follows:

December 31,

(In millions)

Decrease

Credit facility

4.750% senior notes due 2027

4.750% senior notes due 2031

Total long-term debt

Less current maturities

Long-term debt, net of current maturities

Credit Facility

Credit Agreement

On March 2, 2022 (the "Closing Date"), the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") among the Company, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors (the "Guarantors"), Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and letter of credit issuer, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as swingline lender, and certain other financial institutions party thereto as lenders. The Credit Agreement replaced the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2013 (the "Prior Credit Facility"), among the Company, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and letter of credit issuer, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as swingline lender, and certain other financial institutions party thereto as lenders.

The Credit Agreement (i) provides for a $1,450.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and (ii) provided for an $ 880.0 million senior secured term A loan (the "Term A Loan," collectively with the Revolving Credit Facility, the "Credit Facility"). The Revolving Credit Facility matures on the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date (or earlier upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events) and the Term A Loan was repaid in full as of December 31, 2025. The Term A Loan was fully funded on the Closing Date and proceeds from the Credit Agreement were used to refinance all outstanding obligations under the Prior Credit Facility, including a senior secured term loan A facility and senior secured term loan B facility (the "Prior Refinancing Term B Loan"), to fund transaction costs in connection with the Credit Agreement, and for general corporate purposes.

The outstanding principal amounts under the Credit Facility are comprised of the following:

December 31,

(In millions)

Revolving Credit Facility

Term A Loan

Swing Loan

Total outstanding principal amounts

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company used the $1,758.0 million cash proceeds from the FanDuel Equity Sale, to pay down the then outstanding Credit Facility debt, which consisted of $915.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, $726.0 million on the Term A Loan and $39.9 million on the Swing Loan. The full repayment of the outstanding Term A Loan extinguished the Term A Loan under the Credit Facility.

With a total revolving credit commitment of $1,450.0 million available under the Credit Facility, $135.0 million and $25.7 million in borrowings outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility and the Swing Loan, respectively, and $12.7 million allocated to support various letters of credit, there is a remaining contractual availability under the Credit Facility of $1,276.6 million as of December 31, 2025.

On January 21, 2026 (the “New Closing Date”), the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”) among the Company, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors (the “New Guarantors”), Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and letter of credit issuer, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as swingline lender, and certain other financial institutions party thereto as lenders. The New Credit Agreement amends and restates the Credit Agreement.

The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a $1,450.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “New Revolving Credit Facility”) and (ii) a $1,200.0 million senior secured term A loan delayed draw facility (the “New Term A Loan Facility”, and the loans thereunder, the “New Term A Loans”). The New Revolving Credit Facility and the New Term A Loan Facility mature on the fifth anniversary of the New Closing Date (or earlier upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain events). New Term A Loans are available to be drawn until July 1, 2027 in up to a maximum of four (4) borrowings, provided that, on February 1, 2026, the remaining borrowings available under the New Term A Loan Facility will be reduced by an amount equal to the greater of New Term A Loans previously made and $400.0 million. Proceeds from the New Credit Agreement were used to refinance all outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement and to fund transaction costs in connection with the New Credit Agreement and may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

See Note 16, Subsequent Events for additional discussion of the New Credit Agreement.

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Interest and Fees

The interest rate on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Credit Facility, and on the Term A Loan prior to its extinguishment upon full repayment in 2025, is based upon, at the Company’s option, either: (i) a rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or (ii) the base rate, in each case, plus an applicable margin. Such applicable margin is a percentage per annum determined in accordance with a specified pricing grid based on the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio and ranges from 1.25% to 2.25% (if using SOFR) and from 0.25% to 1.25% (if using the base rate). A fee of a percentage per annum (which ranges from 0.20% to 0.35% and is determined in accordance with a specified pricing grid based on the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio) will be payable on the unused portions of the Revolving Credit Facility. The rates based on SOFR will be determined based upon, at the Company’s option, either: (i) a forward-looking SOFR term rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited or any successor administrator, and based on interest periods of one, three or six months or such other interest period that is twelve months or less subject to the consent of lenders and the administrative agent, or (ii) a daily SOFR rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and will include credit spread adjustments as set forth in the Credit Agreement. The "base rate" under the Credit Agreement is the highest of (x) Bank of America’s publicly-announced prime rate, (y) the federal funds rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 0.50%, or (z) the SOFR rate for a one month interest period plus 1.00%.

The blended interest rate for outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility wa s 5.3% a nd 6.2% at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Optional and Mandatory Prepayments

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company is required to use a portion of its annual excess cash flow to prepay loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement if the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) exceeds certain thresholds set forth in the Credit Agreement. Additionally, prior to its full repayment in 2025, the loans under the Term A Loan amortized in an annual amount equal to 5.00% of the original principal amount thereof, payable on a quarterly basis.

Amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid without premium or penalty, and the unutilized portion of the commitments may be terminated without penalty, subject to certain conditions.

Subject to certain exceptions, the Company may be required to repay the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement in connection with certain asset sales and issuances of certain additional non-permitted or refinancing indebtedness.

Guarantees and Collateral

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries and are secured by the capital stock of certain subsidiaries. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, the Company and each of the guarantors granted the administrative agent first priority liens and security interests on substantially all of their real and personal property (other than gaming licenses and subject to certain other exceptions) as additional security for the performance of the secured obligations under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature which permits the incurrence of one or more new tranches of revolving credit commitments in an aggregate amount up to the sum of (i) $1,000.0 million, (ii) the amount of certain voluntary prepayments of senior secured indebtedness of the Company, and (iii) the maximum amount of incremental commitments which, after giving effect thereto, would not cause the Consolidated First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to exceed 3.00 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis, in each case, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

Financial and Other Covenants

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial and other covenants, including, without limitation, various covenants (i) requiring the maintenance of a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio on a quarterly basis of 2.50 to 1.00, (ii) requiring the maintenance of a maximum Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio on a quarterly basis, (iii) imposing limitations on the incurrence of indebtedness and liens, (iv) imposing limitations on transfers, sales and other dispositions, and (v) imposing restrictions on investments, dividends and certain other payments.

The maximum permitted Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio is calculated as Consolidated Net Indebtedness to twelve-month trailing Consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the Credit Agreement. The maximum Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio must be no higher than 4.50 to 1.00.

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Senior Notes

We currently have two issuances of senior notes (the "Senior Notes") outstanding as described below.

4.750% Senior Notes due June 2031

On June 8, 2021, we issued $900.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.750% Senior Notes due June 2031 ("4.750% Senior Notes due 2031"). The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031 require semi-annual interest payments on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031 will mature on June 15, 2031 and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain of our current and future domestic restricted subsidiaries, all of which are 100% owned by us. The net proceeds from the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031 and cash on hand were used to finance the redemption of our outstanding $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2026 and $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.000% Senior Notes due 2026.

In conjunction with the issuance of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031, we incurred approximately $13.5 million in debt financing costs that have been deferred and are being amortized over the term of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031 using the effective interest method.

At any time prior to June 15, 2026, we may redeem the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date, plus a make whole premium.

4.750% Senior Notes due December 2027

On December 3, 2019, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.750% senior notes due December 2027 ("4.750% Senior Notes due 2027"). The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 require semi-annual interest payments on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 will mature on December 1, 2027 and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain of our current and future domestic restricted subsidiaries, all of which are 100% owned by us. The net proceeds from the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 were used to finance the redemption of all of our outstanding 6.875% senior notes due 2023 and prepay a portion of a Term B loan under our Prior Credit Facility.

In conjunction with the issuance of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027, we incurred approximately $15.7 million in debt financing costs that have been deferred and are being amortized over the term of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 using the effective interest method.

We may redeem all or a portion of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 at redemption prices equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest.

In connection with the private placement of the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers in which we agreed to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to permit the holders to exchange or resell the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027. We filed the required registration statement and commenced the exchange offer in July 2020. The exchange offer was completed on August 20, 2020 and our obligations under the registration agreement have been fulfilled.

Senior Notes Restrictive Covenants

Each of the Senior Notes contains certain restrictive covenants that, subject to exceptions and qualifications, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries (as defined in the base and supplemental indentures governing the respective notes to incur additional indebtedness or liens, pay dividends or make distributions or repurchase our capital stock, make certain investments, and sell or merge with other companies). In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the respective indenture), we will be required, unless certain conditions are met, to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest (as defined in the respective indenture), if any, to, but not including, the date of purchase. If we sell assets, we will be required under certain circumstances to offer to purchase the Senior Notes.

The indentures governing the notes issued by the Company contain provisions that allow for the incurrence of additional indebtedness, if after giving effect to such incurrence, the coverage ratio (as defined in the respective indentures, essentially a ratio of the Company's consolidated EBITDA to fixed charges, including interest) for the Company's trailing four quarter period on a pro forma basis would be at least 2.0 to 1.0. Should this provision prohibit the incurrence of additional debt, the Company may still borrow under its existing credit facility. At December 31, 2025, the available borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility was $1,276.6 million.

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Covenant Compliance

As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the financial and other covenants of our debt instruments.

Scheduled Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The scheduled maturities of long-term debt, as discussed above, are as follows:

(In millions)

Total

Year Ending December 31,

Thereafter

Total outstanding principal of long-term debt

Guarantor Financial Information

In connection with the issuance of our 4.750% Senior Notes due 2027 and our 4.750% Senior Notes due 2031 (collectively, the "Guaranteed Notes" or "Senior Notes"), certain of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries (the "Senior Notes Guarantors") provide guarantees of those indentures. These Guaranteed Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain of our current and future domestic restricted subsidiaries, all of which are 100% owned by us.

Summarized combined balance sheet information for the parent company and the Senior Notes Guarantors is as follows:

December 31,

(In millions)

Current assets

Noncurrent assets

Current liabilities

Noncurrent liabilities

Summarized combined results of operations information for the parent company and the Senior Notes Guarantors is as follows:

Year Ended

(In millions)

December 31, 2025

Revenues

Operating income

Income before income taxes

Net income

Dividends

Dividends are declared at the discretion of our Board of Directors. We are subject to certain limitations regarding payment of dividends, such as restricted payment limitations related to our outstanding Senior Notes, our Credit Facility and our New Credit Agreement. The dividends declared by the Board of Directors under this program are:

Declaration date

Record date

Payment date

Amount per share

February 14, 2023

March 15, 2023

April 15, 2023

May 4, 2023

June 15, 2023

July 15, 2023

August 15, 2023

September 15, 2023

October 15, 2023

December 7, 2023

December 22, 2023

January 15, 2024

February 28, 2024

March 15, 2024

April 15, 2024

May 9, 2024

June 15, 2024

July 15, 2024

August 20, 2024

September 15, 2024

October 15, 2024

December 5, 2024

December 16, 2024

January 15, 2025

February 20, 2025

March 17, 2025

April 15, 2025

May 8, 2025

June 16, 2025

July 15, 2025

August 12, 2025

September 15, 2025

October 15, 2025

December 4, 2025

December 15, 2025

January 15, 2026

February 19, 2026

March 16, 2026

April 15, 2026

Share Repurchase Program

Subject to applicable laws, repurchases under our share repurchase program may be made at such times and in such amounts as we deem appropriate. We are subject to certain limitations regarding the repurchase of common stock, such as restricted payment limitations related to our outstanding Senior Notes, our Credit Facility and New Credit Agreement. Purchases under our share repurchase program can be discontinued at any time that we feel additional purchases are not warranted. We intend to fund the repurchases under the stock repurchase program with existing cash resources, cash generated from operations and availability under our Credit Facility or New Credit Agreement.

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On October 21, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of $300.0 million (the "Share Repurchase Program"). In addition, our Board of Directors authorized increases to the Share Repurchase Program of $500.0 million on each of June 1, 2022, May 4, 2023, May 9, 2024, December 5, 2024 and July 17, 2025. We are not obligated to repurchase any shares under this program and repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program can be discontinued at any time at our sole discretion. We repurchased 10.1 million shares and 11.1 million shares during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, we were authorized to repurchase up to an additional $362.1 million of our common stock under the Share Repurchase Program.

We have in the past, and may in the future, acquire our debt or equity securities through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, tender offers, exchange offers, redemptions or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine.

Other Items Affecting Liquidity

We anticipate funding our capital requirements using cash on hand, cash generated from operations and availability under our Credit Facility or New Credit Agreement, to the extent availability exists after we meet our working capital needs for the next twelve months. Any additional financing that is needed may not be available to us or, if available, may not be on terms favorable to us. The outcome of the specific matters discussed herein, including our commitments and contingencies, may also affect our liquidity.

Commitments

Capital Spending and Development

We continually perform ongoing refurbishment and maintenance at our facilities to maintain our standards of quality. Certain of these maintenance costs are capitalized, if such improvement or refurbishment extends the life of the related asset, while other maintenance costs that do not so qualify are expensed as incurred. The commitment of capital and the related timing thereof are contingent upon, among other things, negotiation of final agreements and receipt of approvals from the appropriate regulatory bodies. We must also comply with covenants and restrictions set forth in our debt agreements.

We currently estimate that our annual cash capital requirements to perform ongoing refurbishment and maintenance at our properties is approximately $250 million. We also expect to spend an additional $75 million in 2026 for hotel room renovation projects. We intend to fund such capital expenditures through cash on hand, our Credit Facility or New Credit Agreement and operating cash flows.

In addition to the maintenance capital spending discussed above, we continue to pursue other potential development projects that may require us to invest significant amounts of capital. In 2026, we expect to spend an additional $75 million in growth projects, which includes completion of Cadence Crossing in late March 2026 and the development of a new gaming facility at Par-A-Dice, pending regulatory approval.

Finally, we are expanding our portfolio with a $750 million resort development in Norfolk, Virginia. We opened a modest transitional casino in November 2025 and plan to open the resort, featuring a 65,000-square foot casino, a 200-room hotel, eight food and beverage outlets and other amenities, in late 2027. We expect to spend approximately $250 million to $300 million on this project in 2026.

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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following summarizes our undiscounted contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025:

Year Ending December 31,

(In millions)

Total

Thereafter

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Long-Term Debt

Credit facility

4.750% senior notes due 2027

4.750% senior notes due 2031

Total long-term debt

Interest on Fixed Rate Debt (1)

Interest on Variable Rate Debt (1)

Operating Leases - Master Leases

Operating Leases - Other

Purchase Obligations (2)

TOTAL CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Estimated interest payments are based on principal amounts and scheduled maturities of debt outstanding at December 31, 2025. Estimated interest payments for variable-rate debt are based on rates at December 31, 2025.

Purchase obligations include obligations under assessment arrangements and various contracted amounts, including construction contracts and information technology, advertising, maintenance and other service agreements.

Other Opportunities

We regularly investigate and pursue additional expansion opportunities in markets where casino gaming, including online gaming, is currently permitted. We also pursue expansion opportunities in jurisdictions where casino gaming and online gaming is not currently permitted in order to be prepared to develop projects upon approval of casino and online gaming. Such expansions will be affected and determined by several key factors, which may include the following:

the outcome of gaming license selection processes;

the approval of gaming in jurisdictions where we have been active but where casino or online gaming is not currently permitted;

identification of additional suitable investment opportunities in current gaming jurisdictions; and

availability of acceptable financing.

Additional projects may require us to make substantial investments or may cause us to incur substantial costs related to the investigation and pursuit of such opportunities, which investments and costs we may fund through cash flows from operations or availability under our Credit Facility or New Credit Agreement. To the extent such sources of funds are not sufficient, we may also seek to raise such additional funds through public or private equity or debt financings or from other sources to the extent such financing is available. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available or that, if available, such financing will be obtainable on terms favorable to us. Moreover, we can provide no assurances that any expansion opportunity will result in a completed transaction.

We are executing on an opportunity for a new casino resort development in Norfolk, Virginia. As discussed above in Capital Spending and Development , we opened a modest transitional facility in November 2025 and expect to open the resort in late 2027.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our off balance sheet arrangements consist of the following:

Indemnification

We have entered into certain agreements that contain indemnification provisions involving certain of our executive officers and directors. These agreements provide indemnity insurance pursuant to which directors and officers are indemnified or insured against liability or loss under certain circumstances, which may include liability or related loss under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. In addition, our Restated Articles of Incorporation and Restated Bylaws contain provisions that provide for indemnification of our directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Outstanding Letters of Credit

At December 31, 2025, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $12.7 million.

Other Arrangements

We have not entered into any transactions with special purpose entities, nor have we engaged in any derivative transactions.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In accordance with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management reviews and refines those estimates, the following of which could materially impact our consolidated financial statements: the recoverability of long-lived assets; valuation of indefinite-lived intangible assets; valuation of goodwill; accounting for leases; provisions for deferred tax assets, certain tax liabilities and uncertain tax positions and tax credits; and application of acquisition method of accounting.

Judgments are based on information including, but not limited to, historical experience, industry trends, conventional practices, expert opinions, terms of existing agreements and information from outside sources. Judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty, and therefore actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe the following critical accounting estimates require a higher degree of judgment and complexity, the sensitivity of which could result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets, excluding indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill (both of which are discussed further below), were carried at $3.7 billion at December 31, 2025 , or 56.5% of our consolidated total assets. We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If triggering events are identified, we then compare the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset to the carrying value of the asset. The asset is not impaired if the undiscounted future cash flows exceed its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment charge is recorded, typically measured using a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model, which is based on the estimated future results of the relevant asset group discounted using our weighted-average cost of capital and market indicators of terminal year free cash flow multiples.

A long-lived asset shall be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. The following are examples of such events or changes in circumstances:

a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset;

a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition;

iii.

a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;

an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset;

a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset; and/or

a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

We reconsider changes in circumstances on a frequent basis, and if a triggering event related to potential impairment has occurred, we may solicit third party valuation expertise to assist in the valuation of our investment. There are three generally accepted approaches available in developing an opinion of value: the sales comparison, cost and income approaches. We generally consider each of these approaches in developing a recommendation of the fair value of the asset; however, the reliability of each approach is dependent upon the availability and comparability of the market data uncovered, as well as the decision-making criteria used by market participants when evaluating a property. We will bifurcate our investment and apply the most indicative approach to overall fair valuation, or in some cases, a weighted analysis of any or all of these methods.

Developing an opinion of land value is typically accomplished using a sales comparison approach by analyzing recent sales transactions of similar sites. Potential comparables are researched and the pertinent facts are confirmed with parties involved in the transaction. This process fosters a general understanding of the potential comparable sales and facilitates the selection of the most relevant comparables by the appraiser. Valuation is typically accomplished using a unit of comparison such as price per square foot of land or potential building area. Adjustments are applied to the unit of comparison from an analysis of comparable sales, and the adjusted unit of comparison is then used to derive a value for the property.

The cost approach is based on the premise that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset of similar utility than its replacement or reproduction cost. The cost to replace the asset would include the cost of constructing a similar asset of equivalent utility at prices applicable at the time of the valuation date. To arrive at an estimate of the fair value using the cost approach, the replacement cost new is determined and reduced for depreciation of the asset. Replacement cost new is defined as the current cost of producing or constructing a similar new item having the nearest equivalent utility as the property being valued.

The income approach focuses on the income-producing capability of the asset. The underlying premise of this approach is that the value of an asset can be measured by the present worth of the net economic benefit (cash receipts less cash outlays) to be received over the life of the subject asset. The steps followed in applying this approach include estimating the expected undiscounted net cash flows attributable to the asset over its life and converting these expected net cash flows to present value through capitalization or discounting. The process uses a rate of return that accounts for both the time value of money and risk factors. There are two common methods for converting expected income into value. Those methods are the direct capitalization and DCF methods. Direct capitalization is a method used to convert an estimate of a single year's income expectancy into an indication of value in one direct step by dividing the income estimate by an appropriate capitalization rate. Under the DCF method, anticipated future cash flows and a reversionary value are discounted to an opinion of net present value at a specific internal rate of return or a yield rate, because net operating income of the subject property is not fully stabilized.

Estimates of expected cash flows are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates, potentially resulting in an impairment charge in a future period.

In 2025, as a result of our first quarter impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $32.3 million for property and equipment related to our Las Vegas Locals segment. In addition, as a result of our third quarter 2025 impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $47.3 million for property and equipment related to our Midwest & South segment and $17.8 million for property and equipment related to our Las Vegas Locals segment. Further, as a result of our fourth quarter 2025 impairment review, the Company recorded a long-lived asset impairment charge of $25.0 million for property and equipment related to our Midwest & South segment.

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Valuation of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Gaming license rights represent the value of the license to conduct gaming in certain jurisdictions, which is subject to highly extensive regulatory oversight and a limitation on the number of licenses available for issuance with these certain jurisdictions. Gaming license rights are tested for impairment using a DCF approach. The value of gaming licenses is determined using a multi-period excess earnings method, which is a specific DCF model, and cost approach. The value is determined at an amount equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable only to future gaming revenue, discounted to present value at a risk-adjusted rate of return. With respect to the application of this methodology, we used the following significant projections of future cash flows, assumptions and estimates: gaming revenues; gaming operating expenses; general and administrative expenses; tax expense; terminal value; and discount rate. These projections are modeled for a five-year period and a terminal period.

Trademarks are based on the value of our brand, which reflects the level of service and quality we provide and from which we generate repeat business. Trademarks are valued using the relief from royalty method, which presumes that without ownership of such trademarks, we would have to make a stream of payments to a brand or franchise owner in return for the right to use their name. By virtue of this asset, we avoid any such payments and record the related intangible value of our ownership of the brand name. We used the following significant projections of future cash flows, assumptions and estimates to determine value under the relief from royalty method: revenue from gaming and hotel activities; royalty rate; tax expense; terminal growth rate; discount rate; and the present value of tax benefit. The projections underlying this DCF model were forecasted for five years and a terminal value calculated using a model which divides the normalized cash flow stream by a capitalization rate. Applying the selected pretax royalty rates to the applicable revenue base in each period yielded pretax income for each property's trademarks and trade name. These pretax totals were tax effected utilizing the applicable tax rate to arrive at net, after-tax cash flows. The net, after-tax cash flows and the terminal value were then discounted to present value utilizing an appropriate discount rate. The present value of the after-tax cash flows was then added to the present value of the amortization tax benefit (considering the 15-year amortization of intangible assets pursuant to income tax regulations) to arrive at the recommended fair values for the trademarks and trade names.

Gaming license rights and trademarks are indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not subject to amortization, but are subject to an annual impairment test and between annual test dates in certain circumstances. The guidance permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment, referred to as "Step Zero," of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. We utilized this option for our 2025 annual impairment test for certain of our indefinite-lived intangible assets. If the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference. As part of our annual impairment testing, management assesses the likelihood of impairment by performing a qualitative ("Step Zero") analysis for our indefinite-lived intangibles to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair values of such intangibles exceeded their carrying values by a substantial margin. We solicit third party valuation expertise to assist in the valuation of those indefinite-lived intangible assets that are deemed to have a greater likelihood of impairment. Our annual test, performed as of October 1, 2025, resulted in no charges.

We evaluate on a quarterly basis whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances would indicate an impairment condition may exist. This evaluation requires significant judgment, including consideration of whether there have been any significant adverse changes in legal factors or in our business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel or likely sale or disposal of all or a significant portion of a reporting unit. If an event described above occurs, and results in a significant impact to our revenue and profitability projections, or any significant assumption in our valuation methods is adversely impacted, the impact could result in a material impairment charge in the future.

Management makes significant judgments and estimates as part of these analyses that are inherent in evaluating these assets for impairment. In particular, future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates. In addition, capitalization rates and the discount rates used in the impairment tests are highly judgmental and dependent in large part on expectations of future market conditions. If certain future operating results do not meet current expectations it could cause carrying values of the intangibles to exceed their fair values in future periods, resulting in an impairment charge of trademarks and gaming license rights in an amount up to its book value of $1.4 billion. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded no indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges. However, trademarks and gaming license rights in the Midwest & South segment had estimated fair values that did not significantly exceed their respective carrying values.

Valuation of Goodwill

The authoritative guidance related to goodwill impairment requires goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually. The Company has determined that each of its properties is a reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing, since discrete financial information is available at the property level. The guidance permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment, referred to as "Step Zero," of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If the carrying value of the goodwill is considered impaired, a loss is measured as the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over the fair value, with a limit of the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

As part of our annual impairment testing, management first performs a qualitative "Step Zero" analysis and assesses the likelihood of impairment. Management solicits third party valuation expertise to assist in valuations of goodwill for those reporting units that are deemed to have a greater likelihood of impairment. We perform the test annually as of October 1 using a weighting of two different approaches to determine fair value: (i) the income approach; and (ii) the market approach.

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In the valuation of a reporting unit's goodwill, the income approach focuses on the income-producing capability of the reporting unit. The underlying premise of this approach is that the value of a reporting unit can be measured by the present worth of the net economic benefit (cash receipts less cash outlays) to be received over the life of the reporting unit. The steps followed in applying this approach include estimating the expected after-tax cash flows attributable to the reporting unit over its life and converting these after-tax cash flows to present value through "discounting." The discounting process uses a rate of return which accounts for both the time value of money and investment risk factors. Finally, the present value of the after-tax cash flows over the life of the reporting unit is totaled to arrive at an indication of the fair value of the reporting unit.

The market approach is comprised of the guideline company method, which focuses on comparing the subject company to selected reasonably similar, or "guideline", publicly-traded companies. Under this method, valuation multiples are: (i) derived from the operating data of selected guideline companies; (ii) evaluated and adjusted based on the strengths and weaknesses of the subject company relative to the selected guideline companies; and (iii) applied to the operating data of the subject company to arrive at an indication of value. In the valuation of a reporting unit, the market approach measures value based on what typical purchasers in the market have paid for assets which can be considered reasonably similar to those being valued. When the market approach is utilized, data is collected on the prices paid for reasonably comparable assets. Adjustments are made to the similar assets to compensate for differences between reasonably similar assets and the asset being valued. The application of the market approach results in an estimate of the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit.

The two methodologies were weighted 50.0% toward the income approach and 50.0% toward the market approach, to arrive at an overall fair value. Our annual impairment test as of October 1, 2025, resulted in no goodwill impairment charges. We evaluate quarterly whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances have occurred that would indicate an impairment condition more than likely would exist. This evaluation requires significant judgment, including consideration of whether there had been any significant adverse changes in legal factors or in our business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel or likely sale or disposal of all or a significant portion of a reporting unit. Based upon this quarterly evaluation, we concluded that there had not been a triggering event or change in circumstance that indicated an impairment condition existed.

Although we satisfied the impairment analysis requirements for each reporting unit tested, changes to certain underlying assumptions and variables, many of which are derived from external factors, could greatly impact the results of future tests. We cannot control or influence the impact of these factors from a fair valuation perspective, but they could nonetheless have a material effect on the results of valuation, particularly the guideline company method under the market approach, in the future.

Additionally, several of the assumptions underlying the DCF method under the income approach could pose a high degree of sensitivity to the resulting fair value. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following significant projections of future cash flows, assumptions and estimates to determine value under the DCF method: total revenue, operating expenses, depreciation expense, depreciation overhang, tax expense and effective rates, debt-free net working capital, capital additions, terminal year growth factor, discount rate and the capitalization rate. A change in any of these variables that cause our discounted cash flows or terminal value or both to adversely and materially change could result in the failure of the impairment test, and a resulting impairment of our goodwill in an amount up to its book value of $958.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded no goodwill impairment charges. However, reporting units in the Midwest & South segment had estimated fair values that did not significantly exceed their carrying value.

Management makes significant judgments and estimates as part of these analyses that are inherent in evaluating these reporting units for impairment. In particular, future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates. In addition, the determination of multiples, capitalization rates and the discount rates used in the impairment tests are highly judgmental and dependent in large part on expectations of future market conditions. If certain future operating results do not meet current expectations it could cause carrying values of the intangibles to exceed their fair values in future periods, potentially resulting in an impairment charge.

Accounting for Leases

The determination of lease liabilities requires us to estimate the present value of our future lease commitments over their reasonably certain remaining lease term using a weighted average incremental borrowing rate commensurate with the rate of interest we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to our future lease payments in a similar economic environment. The determination of the incremental borrowing rate could materially impact our lease liabilities.

We estimate the expected term of a lease by assuming the exercise of renewal options, in addition to the initial non-cancelable lease term, if the renewal is reasonably certain. Generally, "reasonably certain" relates to our contractual right to renew and the existence of an economic penalty that would preclude the abandonment of the lease at the end of the initial non-cancelable lease term. The determination of the expected term could also materially impact our lease liabilities.

The determination of the expected term of a lease requires us to apply judgment and estimates concerning the number of renewal periods that are reasonably certain. If a lease is terminated prior to reaching the end of the expected term, this may result in the acceleration of depreciation or impairment of the lease right-of-use asset and related long-lived assets.

Our review performed during the fourth quarter of 2025, resulted in an operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charge of $6.0 million.

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Provisions for Deferred Tax Assets, Certain Tax Liabilities and Uncertain Tax Positions and Tax Credits

Income taxes are recorded under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance, if based on the available evidence it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on a more-likely-than-not realization threshold. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, our experience with the usability of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before expiration, and tax planning alternatives. If certain future operating results do not meet current expectations it could cause us to establish an additional valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets.

The Company's income tax returns are subject to examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in the locations where it operates. The Company assesses potentially unfavorable outcomes of such examinations based on accounting standards for uncertain income taxes, which prescribe a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. The IRS selected our federal corporate income tax return for the tax year ended December 31, 2021, for examination. The IRS examination began in the second quarter of 2024 and was closed in the second quarter of 2025 with no significant adjustments. As of December 31, 2025, there were no changes to our unrecognized tax benefits to date.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigation. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured as the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

We have established contingency reserves for material, known tax exposures. Our tax reserves reflect management's judgment as to the resolution of the issues involved if subject to judicial review. While we believe our reserves are adequate to cover reasonably expected tax risks, there can be no assurance that, in all instances, an issue raised by a taxing authority will be resolved at a financial cost that does not exceed its related reserve. With respect to these reserves, our income tax expense would include: (i) any changes in tax reserves arising from material changes during the period in the facts and circumstances (i.e., new information) surrounding a tax issue; and (ii) any difference from our tax position as recorded in the financial statements and the final resolution of a tax issue during the period.

Application of Acquisition Method of Accounting

We follow the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification 805 to account for our acquisitions. We completed the acquisition of Boyd Digital in 2024, as described in Note 2, Acquisitions , to our consolidated financial statements presented in Part II, Item 8, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $34.0 million. For purposes of these consolidated financial statements, we have allocated the purchase price to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair values as determined by us with the assistance from third-party specialists. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded as goodwill.

The assets and liabilities of the acquisition are included in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and cash flows are reported in our consolidated statements of operations and cash flows, respectively, from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements , in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Boyd Gaming Corp

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