Trilinc Global Impact Fund LLC - 10-K
0001437749-26-010358Year-over-year tone shift - average net-tone change across Risk Factors and MD&A vs the prior 10-K. This filing is 0.00pp more bullish than last year's.
Why YoY instead of absolute: the LM lexicon has ~6.6× more negative words than positive (legal/risk-disclosure language is heavy on hedging), so every 10-K reads bearish on raw tone. Year-over-year change strips that bias and surfaces the actual shift in management's framing.
Tone shift by section
The two components the gauge averages: how Risk Factors and MD&A each shifted in net tone versus last year's 10-K. The headline above is their average, so a green needle over a soft section just means the other section carried it.
Sentence-level sentiment highlighting with category and subcategory filters is coming once the snippet-scoring pipeline lands. For now, dig into the actual section text on the Sections tab.
Language change vs prior 10-K
Risk Factors (Item 1A) - words with the biggest YoY frequency increase- instability+3
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Risk Factors (Item 1A)
13,807 words
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully read and consider the risks described below together with all other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before making a decision to purchase our units. If certain of the following risks actually occur, our results of operations and ability to pay distributions would likely suffer materially, or could be eliminated entirely. As a result, the value of our units may decline, and our unitholders could lose all or part of the money they paid to buy our units.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure: General
The lack of liquidity of our privately held investments may adversely affect our business.
We have been facing liquidity constraints, primarily due to our borrowers experiencing challenges in their ability to repay amounts owed to us in a timely manner or at all. Until we are able to accumulate more cash, our primary use of our limited cash will be the payment of our expenses. Most of our investments consist and will continue to consist of loans and other fixed income instruments either originated in private transactions directly with the borrowers or via participation agreements with the direct lenders. In addition to the constraints on liquidity presented by our borrowers' inability to make repayments, our investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, including, in some instances, legal restrictions, or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to quickly obtain cash equal to the value at which we record our investments if the need arises. This could cause us to miss important business opportunities or react to changes in the market. In addition, if we are required to quickly liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments.
When we are a debt or minority equity investor in a portfolio company, which we expect will generally be the case, we may not be in a position to control the entity, and its management may make decisions that could decrease the value of our investment.
Most of our investments are and, we anticipate will continue to be in the future, either debt or minority equity investments in our portfolio companies. Therefore, we will be subject to risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree, and the management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our best interests. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our portfolio holdings. In addition, we will generally not be in a position to control any portfolio company by investing in its debt securities.
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Floating rate investments subject us to certain risks related to the discontinuation of LIBOR.
A portion of our investments bore interest at floating rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), serving as an alternative rate designated by the Company following the discontinuation of London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”), which was phased out completely in June 2023. In July 2023, the Company's legacy loans transitioned from LIBOR to Synthetic LIBOR, which was in effect until September 30, 2024. The Company's legacy loans have transitioned to SOFR following the complete phase-out of LIBOR as of September 30, 2024. The discontinuation of both LIBOR and Synthetic LIBOR and the use of alternative rates, such as SOFR, could result in interest rate decreases on our investments, which could adversely affect our cash flow, operating results and ability to make distributions to our unitholders at expected levels or at all.
As of December 31, 2025, 3.0% of the fair value of the Company’s total investments bore interest at floating rates based on SOFR.
We may be exposed to higher risks with respect to our investments that include PIK interest, particularly our investments in interest-only loans.
We have investments in loans that contain a PIK interest provision, including our largest loan which made up 27.0% of our total portfolio by value as of December 31, 2025. These investments may expose us to higher risks, including the following:
because PIK interest results in an increase in the size of the loan balance of the underlying loan, our exposure to potential loss increases when we receive PIK interest; and
it may be more difficult to value investments that include PIK interest because their continuing accruals of interest require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of the underlying collateral.
To the extent our investments are structured as interest-only loans, PIK interest will increase the size of the balloon payment due at the end of the loan term. PIK interest payments on such loans may increase the probability and magnitude of a loss on our investment.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities.
A large number of entities compete with us and make the types of investments that we seek to make in small and medium-sized privately owned businesses. We compete with a large number of commercial banks, non-bank financial institutions, private equity funds, leveraged buyout and venture capital funds, investment banks and other equity and non-equity based investment funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, certain of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships and build their market shares. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, or to identify and make investments that satisfy our investment objectives or that we will be able to fully invest our available capital.
An investment strategy focused primarily on privately held companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies, a dependence on the talents and efforts of only a few key borrower and/or sub-advisor personnel and a greater vulnerability to economic downturns.
We have invested, and will continue to invest in the future, primarily in privately held companies. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we will be required to rely on the ability of the Advisor and the respective sub-advisors’ investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investments made in, with or through these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Please see the Watch List Investments section in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information about investments for which we have not been provided with accurate and complete information from a prior sub-advisor, IIG, which has adversely impacted the value of certain of these investments.
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We may not realize gains from equity instruments granted as return enhancement vehicles when we acquire certain debt instruments.
When we invest in collateralized or senior secured loans, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities as well. Our goal is to ultimately dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Actions of our sub-advisors and other investment partners could negatively impact our performance.
We participate in investments with third parties. Specifically, we participate in investments originated by our third-party sub-advisors, whom we also refer to as “investments partners.” Such participations may involve risks not otherwise present with a direct origination of loans, including, for example:
The risk that our investment partner in an investment might become bankrupt or otherwise be unable to meet its obligations;
The risk that our investment partner will be ineffective or materially underperform relative to our expectations;
The risk that our investment partner will provide us with incomplete or inaccurate information or will misapply our funds;
The risk that the due diligence conducted by the investment partner may fail to reveal all material risks of an investment or that the investment partner omits material information about the investment, which could result in the Company being materially adversely affected;
The risk that our investment partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are or which become inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
The risk that our investment partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or
The risk that actions by such partner could adversely affect our reputation, negatively impacting our ability to conduct business.
Actions by such an investment partner, which are generally out of our control, might have the result of subjecting the investment to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and may have the effect of reducing our unitholders’ returns, particularly if the loan agreement provides that our partner can take actions contrary to our interests. As of December 31, 2025 , 37.3% of the fair value of our investment portfolio consisted of participations in loans. As described further in the Watch List Investments section in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations , IIG was the sub-advisor with respect to 5 of the 22 investments that we have deemed Watch List investments, which are investments with respect to which we have determined there have been significant changes in the credit and collection risk of the investment. As described in that section, IIG has failed to provide us with complete and accurate information with respect to our investments for which IIG was the sub-advisor, and, in 2017, sold us a $6 million participation in a loan that did not exist. IIG’s acts and omissions have negatively affected the value of certain of our investments, which could adversely affect returns to our unitholders. As of December 31, 2025 , 6.9% of our por tfolio (by fair value) consisted of investments for which IIG was the sub-advisor, all of which are deemed Watch List investments.
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We face risks related to health epidemics which could adversely affect our business.
Our business could be materially adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease. These effects could include disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to travel, including trips to meet with sub-advisors and borrowers in other countries, which could hinder our ability to effectively oversee our investments. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of the countries where our borrowers operate their businesses.
Our borrowers may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt instruments in which we invest.
Our borrowers may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt instruments in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a borrower, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that borrower would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution with respect to our investment. After repaying such senior creditors, such borrower may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with that of our debt instruments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant borrower. In addition, we may not be in a position to control any borrower through the loans we make. As a result, we are subject to the risk that any borrower in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors.
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There is a risk that our unitholders may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time or may be reduced.
We may not achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions. In addition, due to covenants and asset coverage tests, which may apply to us in the event we choose to employ financial leverage, we may be subject to restrictions on unitholder distributions.
From time to time, our board of managers may change the amount of distributions that are paid, if paid at all. For example, the daily distribution rate was reduced in March 2018 and was further reduced as of May 1, 2021. Since our NAV per unit can vary from quarter to quarter, if our board of managers continues to authorize daily distributions at an annualized rate that is based on our most recently determined NAV per unit, it is likely that the per unit dollar amount of distributions paid to our unitholders will similarly vary. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we paid distributions to unitholders for the months of January through June 2023, but we did not pay the distributions on our regular cadence and instead paid some of the distributions months after the month to which the distributions related. We did not resume the payment of regular monthly distributions for the year ended December 31, 2024, but paid two special distributions to unitholders in February and March 2024. No distributions have been paid since the two special distributions. We cannot provide any assurances as to when or if we will pay any additional distributions to our unitholders.
Our Sponsor is under no obligation to pay our operating expenses, and if we do not generate sufficient investment income to cover our operating expenses, our distributions to our unitholders may further be reduced.
If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for the investments, and the overall return for our unitholders may be reduced.
Our operating agreement permits us to make distributions from any source, including offering proceeds and, subject to certain limitations, borrowings, and we may choose to pay distributions from such other sources when we do not have sufficient cash flow from operations to fund such distributions. We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund distributions. From time to time during our operational stage, we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distributions. If we fund distributions from borrowings or the net proceeds from this offering, we will have less funds available for the investments, and your overall return may be reduced.
If we internalize our management functions, we could incur adverse effects on our business and financial condition, including significant costs associated with becoming and being self-managed and the percentage of our units owned by our unitholders could be reduced.
If we seek to list our units on an exchange as a way of providing our unitholders with a liquidity event, we may consider internalizing the functions performed for us by our Advisor. An internalization could take many forms, for example, we may hire our own group of executives and other employees or we may acquire our Advisor or its respective assets including its existing workforce. Internalizing our management functions may not result in anticipated benefits to us and our unitholders. For example, we may not realize the perceived benefits because of: (i) the costs of being self-managed; (ii) our inability to effectively integrate a new staff of managers and employees; or (iii) our inability to properly replicate the services provided previously by our Advisor or its affiliates. Additionally, internalization transactions have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation and even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to make investments or to pay distributions. In connection with any such internalization transaction, a special committee consisting of all or some of our independent managers will be appointed to evaluate the transaction and to determine whether a fairness opinion should be obtained.
We may engage in hedging activity, which could expose us to risks associated with such transactions, including the risk that we may artificially limit the investment income realized by the Company on certain investments.
As of December 31, 2025, we were not engaged in any hedging transactions. If we do engage in hedging transactions, we may expose ourselves to risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the portfolio positions should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation for any given investment at an acceptable price.
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The success of our hedging transactions will depend on our ability to correctly predict movements, currencies and interest rates. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged may vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those investments is likely to fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Our business plan anticipates external financing which may expose us to risks associated with leverage.
In order to achieve our investment objectives and our originally anticipated returns, we will need to utilize financial leverage. We may borrow money in order to make investments, for working capital and to make distributions to our unitholders. Under current or future market conditions, we may not be able to borrow all of the funds we may need. If we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire new investments to expand our operations will be adversely affected and we may be unable to pay distributions. As a result, we would be less able to achieve our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our unitholders. Furthermore, borrowing money for investments increases the risk of a loss. A decrease in the value of our investments will have a greater impact on the value of units to the extent that we have borrowed money to make investments. There is a possibility that the costs of borrowing could exceed the income we receive on the investments we make with such borrowed funds. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks that our cash flow will not be sufficient to cover the required debt service payments and that we will be unable to meet the other covenants or requirements of the credit agreements. In addition, our ability to pay distributions or incur additional indebtedness may be restricted by our credit agreements. If the value of our assets declines, we may be required to liquidate a portion or our entire investment portfolio and repay a portion or all of our indebtedness at a time when liquidation may be disadvantageous. Furthermore, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness will not be available for distributions to our unitholders.
If any future debt arrangements are collateralized with sh ares of the Company’s subsidiary that holds all of the Company’s assets, and if we default on our payments, our credit holders will have rights against such collateral, thereby reducing our asset base and the income we receive from such investments. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $2.9 million in total debt outstanding, solely related to the repurchase obligation (see Note 5. Contingencies and Related Parties for additional information).
We may enter into and have entered into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, which may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity will be uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original financing. The effect of a refinancing could affect the rate of return to our unitholders. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts, including balloon payments, may reduce our ability to make distributions to our unitholders. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $2.9 million in total debt outstanding, solely related to the repurchase obligation (see Note 5. Contingencies and Related Parties for additional information).
We may be unable to invest a significant portion of our raised capital on acceptable terms or within the time period we anticipate.
Delays in investing our raised capital may impair our performance. We may be unable to identify any investment opportunities that meet our investment objectives or that any investment that we make will produce a positive return. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds from our private placement of units, our notes offerings or future offerings on acceptable terms within the time period that we anticipate or at all, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We expect to invest proceeds we receive from our raised capital in short-term, highly-liquid investments until we use such funds to invest in assets meeting our investment objectives. The income we earn on these temporary investments is not substantial. Further, we may use the principal amount of these investments, and any returns generated on these investments, to pay for fees and expenses in connection with our capital raises and distributions. Therefore, delays in investing proceeds from our raised capital could impact the amount of and our ability to generate cash flow for distributions.
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We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to enter into restrictive covenants that relate to or otherwise limit our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our unitholders, to replace the Advisor or to otherwise achieve our investment objectives.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Financing documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to make distributions under certain circumstances. In addition, provisions of our financing documents may deter us from replacing our Advisor because of the consequences under such agreements. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
A change in interest rates may adversely affect our profitability and our hedging strategy may expose us to additional risks.
We may use a combination of equity and long-term and short-term borrowings denominated in one or more currencies to finance our lending activities. If we utilize borrowings, a portion of our income will depend upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we loan these funds. Certain of our borrowings may be at fixed rates and others at variable rates. In connection with any borrowings, we may decide to enter into interest rate hedging interests. Hedging activities may limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. An increase in interest rates would decrease the value of our investments were we seeking to liquidate our portfolio.
Non-payment by borrowers and acts or omissions by our sub-advisors that result in us not being repaid for our investments have prevented and may continue to prevent us from realizing expected income and have resulted and may continue to result in a decrease in our net asset value.
All of our fixed-income investments are subject to the risk that a borrower will fail to repay a portion or all of periodically scheduled interest and/or principal payments. When this occurs, we fail to realize expected income and, in some instances, this has resulted and may continue to result in a write-down of the value of under-performing loans as well as our net asset value. As of December 31, 2025, we ha d 22 b orrowers who had failed to repay principal and interest and were included on our Watch List. Please see the Watch List Investments section in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information about the Watch List.
Prepayments by our borrowers could adversely impact our operating results, reducing total income and increasing the number of investments the Company will have to execute.
We are also subject to the risk that investments that we make may be repaid prior to scheduled maturity. In such an event, we will generally use proceeds from prepayments first to repay any borrowings outstanding on any line of credit, if we have any outstanding. In the event that funds remain after repayment of our outstanding borrowings, we will generally reinvest these proceeds in short-term securities, pending their future investment in new investment instruments. These short-term securities will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt securities being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. As a result, our operating results could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our borrowers elect to prepay amounts owed to us. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not receive any such material prepayments.
Our investments may be long term and may require several years to realize liquidation events.
We anticipate maintaining an average portfolio duration in excess of two years with regard to our debt investments. As a result, our unitholders should not expect liquidity, if any, to occur over the near term. In addition, we expect that any warrants or other return enhancements that we receive when we make loans may require several years to appreciate in value and may not appreciate at all.
We allocate substantially all of our fixed-income investment capital to unrated instruments, which may be viewed as highly speculative.
We have and will likely continue to allocate substantially all of our fixed-income investment capital to unrated instruments. Such instruments may be viewed as highly speculative and the recovery of projected interest and principal payments is reliant on the Advisor’s and sub-advisors’ ability to accurately underwrite and manage our investments.
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Risks Related to Investments in Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Small and medium-sized businesses may have limited financial resources and may not be able to repay the loans we make to them.
Our strategy includes providing financing to borrowers that typically is not readily available to them. This may make it difficult for the borrowers to repay their loans to us. A borrower’s ability to repay its loan may be adversely affected by numerous factors, including the failure to meet its business plan, a downturn in its industry or negative economic conditions. A deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and prospects will usually be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing on any guarantees we may have obtained from the borrower’s management. We may at times be subordinated to a senior lender, and, in such situations, our interest in any collateral would likely be subordinate to another lender’s security interest.
Small and medium-sized businesses typically have narrower product offerings and smaller market shares than large businesses.
Because our target borrowers are smaller businesses, they tend to be more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. In addition, borrowers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and other capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.
Small and medium-sized businesses generally have less predictable operating results.
Our borrowers may have significant variations in their operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position, may otherwise have a weak financial position or may be adversely affected by changes in the business cycle. Our borrowers may not meet net income, cash flow and other coverage tests typically imposed by their senior lenders. A borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by senior lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, foreclosure on its senior credit facility, which could additionally trigger cross-defaults in other agreements. If this were to occur, it is possible that the borrower’s ability to repay our loan would be jeopardized.
Small and medium-sized businesses are more likely to be dependent on one or two persons.
Typically, the success of a small or medium-sized business depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our borrower and, in turn, on us.
Small and medium-sized businesses are likely to have greater exposure to economic downturns than larger businesses.
Our borrowers tend to have fewer resources than larger businesses and an economic downturn is more likely to have a material adverse effect on them. If one of our borrowers is adversely impacted by an economic downturn, its ability to repay our loan would be diminished.
Small and medium-sized businesses may have limited operating histories.
Borrowers with limited operating histories will be exposed to all of the operating risks that new businesses face and may be particularly susceptible to, among other risks, market downturns, competitive pressures and the departure of key executive officers.
Lack of minimum requirements when lending to small and medium-sized businesses could increase the risk of default.
Although our investment strategy is focused on small and medium-sized businesses meeting certain underwriting criteria, we are not required to invest only in businesses meeting certain minimum asset size, revenue size or profitability standards and the lack of these minimum requirements could create additional risks with respect to our investments, including the risk of default.
Risks Related to Non-U.S. Investments
Our investments in foreign debt and equity instruments may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
Our investment strategy contemplates investing primarily in debt and equity instruments issued by foreign companies. During 2025 and 2024, we had existing loans to companies locate d in Argentina, Botswana, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Chile, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Namibia, Netherlands, Nigeria, Peru, Romania, Singapore, and Uganda. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include the economic disruption and chan ges in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the U.S., higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. Moreover, actions by the U.S. government, including changes in trade policy, tariffs, tax laws, sanctions, or restrictions on specific countries or companies, as well as geopolitical developments such as the Russia-Ukraine war and conflicts and instability in the Middle East, could adversely affect the profitability of our non-U.S. investments.
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Non-U.S. investments involve certain legal, geopolitical, investment, repatriation, and transparency risks not typically associated with investing in the U.S.
Legal Risk: The legal framework of certain developing countries is rapidly evolving and it is not possible to accurately predict the content or implications of changes in their statutes or regulations. Existing legal frameworks may be unfairly or unevenly enforced, and courts may decline to enforce legal protections covering our investments altogether. The cost and difficulties of litigation in these countries may make enforcement of our rights impractical or impossible. Adverse regulation or legislation may be introduced at any time without prior warning or consultation.
Geopolitical Risk: Given that we invest in developing economies, there is a possibility of nationalization, expropriation, unfavorable regulation, economic, political, or social instability, military conflict, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, continuing conflicts and instability in the Middle East, war, or terrorism which could adversely affect the economies of a given jurisdiction or lead to a material adverse change in the value of our investments in such jurisdiction. Furthermore, the current U.S. presidential administration has implemented tariffs and other trade restrictions on certain non-U.S. countries, and additional measures may be imposed in the future. Retaliatory actions taken by affected countries, or the escalation of broader trade disputes, could prohibit, restrict or discourage our ability to transact in or with counterparties in such jurisdictions and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Investment & Repatriation Risks: Significant time and/or financial resources may be required to obtain necessary government approval for us to invest under certain circumstances. In addition, we may invest in jurisdictions that become subject to investment restrictions as a result of economic or other sanctions after the time of our investment. Under such circumstances, we may be required to divest of certain investments at a loss.
Transparency Risks: Disclosure, accounting, and financial standards in developing economies vary widely and may not be equivalent to those of developed countries. Although our Advisor will use its best efforts to verify information supplied to it and will engage qualified sub-advisors when appropriate, our investments may still be adversely affected by such risks.
Fluctuation in currency exchange rates may negatively affect our borrowers ’ ability to pay U.S. dollars denominated loans.
For investments denominated in U.S. dollars, if the U.S. dollar rises, it may become more difficult for borrowers to make loan payments if the borrowers are operating in markets where the local currencies are depreciating relative the U.S. dollar.
Our strategy or emphasis on environmental, social and governance ( “ ESG ” ) and impact factors may limit the investment opportunities available.
Therefore, we may underperform or perform differently than other portfolios that do not have an ESG or impact investment focus. As part of our strategy, we utilize screening and other exclusionary tools in our ESG and impact investing methodology. As such, we may forego opportunities to make certain investments when it might otherwise be advantageous to do so, or redeem investments based on their ESG and impact methodology criteria when it might otherwise be disadvantageous to do so. Further, in assigning an ESG and Impact Rating, we may depend on information that is incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable and investments that are assigned a higher rating may underperform similar investments or borrower companies with lower ratings. More recently, there has been a rise in “anti-ESG” sentiment, which has been gaining momentum in the United States, with several states and Congress having proposed or enacted “anti-ESG” policies, legislation, initiatives, or issued related legal opinions. On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order characterizing such initiatives as illegal. Policies, legislation, initiatives, litigation, legal opinions, and scrutiny regarding ESG policies could result in us facing additional compliance obligations, becoming the subject of investigations and enforcement actions, or sustaining reputational harm.
Exposure to increasing shifts in climate patterns or unpredictable climate driven events may have significant, and at times abrupt, adverse financial and operational implications .
These implications could include, and are not limited to, further disruptions to supply chains, damage to our borrowers’ critical assets and infrastructure, strain or depletion of resources, reduced demand for products and services, increased costs to do business and higher taxes. Any such disruption could have a material and adverse impact on our and our borrowers' business, financial condition and results of operations.
Economic and trade sanctions laws in the United States and other jurisdictions may prohibit us, our sub-advisors or borrower companies from transacting with or in certain countries and/or with certain individuals.
Such sanctions prohibit, among other things, transactions with, and the provision of services to, certain non-U.S. countries, territories, entities and individuals who have been placed on the sanctions list administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). In addition, certain programs administered by OFAC prohibit dealing with individuals or entities in certain countries or subject to certain sanction programs regardless of whether such individuals or entities appear on the lists maintained by OFAC, which may make it more difficult for us and our sub-advisors to identify sanctioned parties and prevent dealings with them or significantly restrict or limit investment activities in certain jurisdictions. Furthermore, President Trump's imposition of tariffs on such non-U.S. countries and any retaliatory measures taken by those countries may prohibit or discourage us from transacting with or in those countries.
Lack of compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including potential competitors, are not subject to these prohibitions. Fraudulent practices, including corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and others, occur from time-to-time in countries in which we may do business. If people acting on our behalf or at our request are found to have engaged in such practices, severe penalties and other consequences could be imposed on us that may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, our ability to make distributions to you and the value of your investment.
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Risks Related to our Advisor and its Affiliates
We are dependent upon our key management personnel and the key management personnel of our Advisor, who will face conflicts of interest relating to time management, and on our Advisor and its affiliates, for our future success.
We have no employees. Our executive officers and the officers and employees of our Advisor and its affiliates may hold similar positions in other affiliated entities and they may from time to time allocate more of their time to service the needs of such entities than they allocate to servicing our needs.
In addition, we have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our Advisor, which has significant discretion as to the implementation and execution of our business strategies and risk management practices. We are subject to the risk of discontinuation of our Advisor’s operations or termination of the Advisory Agreement and the risk that, upon such event, no suitable replacement will be found. We believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon our Advisor and that discontinuation of its operations could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
The Advisor and its affiliates are responsible for selecting the sub-advisors. Although our Advisor retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of services under the Advisory Agreement, it can delegate its responsibilities to one of its affiliates or a third party. If our Advisor or any of its affiliates fail to perform according to our expectations and in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, we could be materially adversely affected.
We may compete with other Sponsor affiliated entities for opportunities to originate or participate in investments, which may have an adverse impact on our operations.
We may compete with other Sponsor affiliated entities, and with other entities that Sponsor affiliated entities may advise or own interests in, whether existing or created in the future, for opportunities to originate or participate in impact investments. The Advisor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating investment opportunities for us and other owned and/or managed by Sponsor affiliated entities and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on us.
Sponsor affiliated entities may have, and additional entities (including those that may be advised by Sponsor affiliated entities or in which Sponsor affiliated entities own interests) may be given, priority over us with respect to the acquisition of certain types of investments. As a result of our potential competition with these entities, certain investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us may not in fact be available.
Our success will be dependent on the performance of our sub-advisors, and their failure to identify and make investments that meet our investment criteria or perform their responsibilities under the sub-advisory agreements may adversely affect our ability to realize our investment objectives.
Our Advisor employs sub-advisors in its execution of the investment strategy, not all of whom have been identified. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend, in part, on our sub-advisors’ ability to identify and invest in debt and equity instruments that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis will, in part, be a function of our sub-advisors’ execution of the investment process, their capacity to provide competent and efficient services to us, and, their ability to source attractive investments. Sub-advisors are responsible for locating, performing due diligence and closing on suitable acquisitions based on their access to local markets, local market knowledge for quality deal flow and extensive local private credit experience. Our sub-advisors will have substantial responsibilities under the sub-advisory agreements. Any failure to manage the investment process effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, because the sub-advisors are separate companies from our Advisor, the risk exists that our sub-advisors will be ineffective or materially underperform. In addition, the Sub-Advisory Agreements with the sub-advisors can only be terminated under specific circumstances and they do not automatically terminate upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement.
We may be unable to find suitable investments through our sub-advisors. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions will be dependent upon the performance of our local sub-advisors in the identification, performance of due diligence on and acquisition of investments, the determination of any financing arrangements, and the management of our projects and assets. If our sub-advisors fail to perform according to our expectations, or if the due diligence conducted by the sub-advisors fails to reveal all material risks of the businesses of our target investments, we could be materially adversely affected. Our former sub-advisor, IIG, failed to perform all of its responsibilities under its sub-advisory agreement with us, which has had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our ability to ascertain information about certain of our investments and the value of certain of our investments.
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We have paid substantial compensation to our Advisor and its affiliates. The compensation we pay to the Advisor and its affiliates may be increased by our independent managers. This compensation was not determined on an arm ’ s-length basis and therefore may not be on the same terms we could achieve from a third party.
The compensation paid to our Advisor and its affiliates was not determined on an arm’s-length basis. A third party unaffiliated with us may be willing and able to provide certain services to us at a lower price.
In addition, subject to limitations in our operating agreement, the fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interests and other payments payable to our Advisor and its affiliates may increase in the future from those previously disclosed, if such increase is approved by a majority of our independent managers.
There are significant potential conflicts of interest, which could impact our investment returns.
In the course of our investing activities, we also pay management and incentive fees to our Advisor and reimburse our Advisor for certain administrative expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. As a result, our investors invest on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after expenses, resulting in, among other things, a lower rate of return than one might achieve by making direct investments. As a result of this arrangement, there may be times when the management team of our Advisor has interests that differ from those of our unitholders, giving rise to a conflict. For example, our Advisor has incentives to recommend that we make investments using borrowings since the asset management fees that we pay to our Advisor will increase if we use borrowings in connection with our investments.
Our subordinated incentive fee may induce our Advisor to make certain investments, including speculative investments.
The management compensation structure that has been implemented under the Advisory Agreement with our Advisor may cause our Advisor to invest in higher-risk investments or take other risks. In addition to its asset management fee, our Advisor is entitled under the Advisory Agreement to receive subordinated incentive compensation based in part upon our achievement of specified levels of net cash flows. The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may create an incentive for the Advisor to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee payable from operations, sales or other sources is determined, which is calculated as a percentage of our net cash flows, may encourage our Advisor to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor our unitholders.
In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn subordinated incentive compensation may lead our Advisor to place undue emphasis on the maximization of investment income at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, maintaining sufficient liquidity, or management of credit risk or market risk, in order to achieve higher subordinated incentive compensation. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our investment portfolio.
We rely on third-party service providers to perform and support certain advisory services and processes.
These services include but are not limited to, investment research, risk management, compliance, valuation services, financial reporting, audit, custody and information technology. If a third-party service provider causes actions or errors resulting in failure to perform its duties or participates in unauthorized activities, misappropriates assets, fails to identify or disclose any potential or actual conflicts of interest, or otherwise engage in any misconduct, we may suffer adverse consequences. Such consequences could include serious financial harm and could result in litigation or regulatory breach or other unknown or unmanaged risks. There is no guarantee that the due diligence we perform will confirm their reliability, identify risks, or prevent any misconduct, or that we have any recourse against them.
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Risks related to Tax Matters
Our failure to be taxed as a partnership may result in adverse tax consequences for us and our investors.
We intend to be treated as a partnership (other than a publicly traded partnership) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation. We have not sought a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, on our tax treatment as a partnership, and there is no guarantee that such treatment would be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS.
If we were taxable as a corporation, we would not be entitled to “pass through” our income and losses to our unitholders. Instead, we would, among other things, be subject to income tax on our income and profits in the same manner and at the same rate as a corporation, and our losses, if any, would not pass through to the unitholders. Unitholders would be taxed upon distributions in the same manner that corporate shareholders are taxed on corporate distributions, resulting in distributions being treated (i) as taxable dividends to the extent of our earnings and profits, (ii) as non-taxable returns of capital to the extent they exceed our earnings and profits, up to the unitholder’s basis in its units, and (iii) thereafter as gain on sale of the unitholder’s units.
Transfer restrictions imposed with respect to our interests and potential restructurings or agreements we enter into to avoid publicly traded partnership status, may adversely impact a unitholder ’ s ability to transfer or sell its units.
No transfer of an interest may be made if it would result in the Company being treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. We may, without the consent of any unitholder, amend our operating agreement in order to improve, upon advice of counsel, the Company’s position in avoiding such publicly traded partnership status for the Company (and we may impose time-delay and other restrictions on recognizing transfers or on repurchases pursuant to unit repurchase program as necessary to do so). Furthermore, we, upon advice of counsel, may restructure the Company (including the creation or liquidation of subsidiary entities) and/or enter into any agreements that we deem necessary, without the prior approval of the unitholders, if such activities are reasonably determined by us, in our sole discretion, to avoid the Company being characterized as a publicly traded partnership under the Code.
Unitholders may be allocated taxable income in excess of the cash available for distribution to them.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be required to include in taxable income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as "original issue discount," which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan, or contracted payment-in-kind, or PIK, interest (contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term). Such original issue discount could be significant relative to our overall investment activities and will be included in taxable income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. If a borrower defaults on a loan that has original issue discount, it is possible that accrued interest previously reported as investment income will become uncollectible. Original issue discount is just one example of taxable income that may be recognized without corresponding cash. We may also be required to include in taxable income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash.
Since in certain cases we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income, for any given period, unitholders may recognize taxable income with respect to their units in excess of the cash distributions made to them.
Additionally, the payment of the distribution fee over time with respect to the Class C units, certain Class I units, and Class W units is deemed to be paid from cash distributions that would otherwise be distributable to such unitholders. Accordingly, the holders of Class C units, certain Class I units, and Class W units will receive a lower cash distribution to the extent of such unitholders’ obligation to pay such fees. Because the payment of such fees is not a deductible expense for tax purposes, the taxable income of the Company allocable to the Class C, certain Class I, and Class W unitholders may, therefore, exceed the amount of cash distributions made to such unitholders.
An audit or tax adjustment by the IRS may result in additional taxes or costs to the Company and our unitholders.
We have not requested and do not currently intend to request rulings from the IRS with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the Company or our unitholders. Thus, positions to be taken by the IRS as to any such tax consequences could differ from positions taken by us. If we are audited and the IRS challenges certain U.S. federal income tax positions taken by us, any adjustment to our return resulting from such an audit would result in adjustments to tax returns of our unitholders and might result in an examination of items in such returns unrelated to their investment in the units or an examination of tax returns for prior or later years. Moreover, we and our unitholders could incur substantial legal and accounting costs in contesting any IRS challenge, regardless of the outcome. Our management generally will have the authority and power to act for, and bind the Company in connection with, any such audit or adjustment for administrative or judicial proceedings in connection therewith.
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In certain circumstances, the IRS may collect taxes (together with applicable interest and penalties) directly from the Company following a determination that the Company has underreported taxable income to our unitholders with respect to such years. The payment of such taxes by the Company would reduce the funds available for distribution by the Company, and could adversely affect the value of our units.
Legislative or regulatory action could adversely affect our unitholders.
All statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K concerning the expected U.S. federal income tax consequences of any investment in the Company are based upon existing law and the interpretations thereof. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the Company may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative changes, possibly with retroactive effect, to the detriment of our unitholders.
Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws, including the enactment of certain tax reform measures, could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments in partnerships, and it is possible that additional legislation may be enacted in the future. There can be no assurance that future changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulatory changes will not be proposed or enacted that could impact our business and financial results. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent any new U.S. federal income tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will impact the Company. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential future changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws on an investment in our units.
Our operations may result in reportable transactions for the Company and our unitholders.
Under regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, the activities of the Company may create one or more “reportable transactions,” requiring the Company and each unitholder, respectively, to file information returns with the IRS. We will give notice to all unitholders of any reportable transaction of which we become aware in the annual tax information provided to unitholders in order to file their tax returns.
Unitholders may be required to obtain U.S. federal income tax return filing extensions and to file tax returns in multiple jurisdictions.
We will use reasonable commercial efforts to cause all tax filings to be made in a timely manner (taking permitted extensions into account); however, investment in the Company may require the filing of tax return extensions. Unitholders may have to obtain one or more tax filing extensions if the Company does not deliver Schedules K-1 by the due date of the unitholders’ returns. Although our management will attempt to cause the Company to provide unitholders with estimated annual U.S. federal income tax information prior to March 15th, the Company may not obtain annual U.S. federal income tax information from all borrowers by such date and tax return extensions may be required to be filed by unitholders. Moreover, although estimates will be provided to the unitholders by the Company in good faith based on the information obtained from the borrowers, such estimates may be different from the actual final tax information and such differences could be significant, resulting in interest and penalties to the unitholders due to underpayment of taxes or loss of use of funds for an extended period of time due to overpayment of taxes. Furthermore, the Company’s activities may require unitholders to file in multiple jurisdictions if composite state returns are not filed by the Company. We may file composite state tax returns for the benefit of unitholders that elect to participate in the filing of such returns.
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We may incur unrelated business taxable income which will be taxable to our tax – exempt investors.
Tax-exempt investors (such as an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA) may have Unrelated Business Taxable Income, or UBTI, from investments that are made by us. We have borrowed and may in the future borrow funds, which can lead to the generation of UBTI from debt financed property. We may also receive income from services rendered in connection with making loans, which is likely to constitute UBTI. We may acquire investments that generate UBTI and unitholders can expect some or all of their allocable share of income and/or profits from the Company to be UBTI. Although we have attempted to structure our investments so as to minimize generating UBTI, there is no assurance that UBTI will not be generated from our investments. The Company will not be liable to tax-exempt investors for the recognition of UBTI.
Our operations may result in the Company being subject to foreign income taxes.
We have and may continue to conduct our activities in foreign jurisdictions and, in conjunction therewith, we have formed multiple subsidiaries to conduct such activities and we may form additional subsidiaries. The conduct of activities in foreign jurisdictions (whether or not foreign subsidiaries are formed to conduct such activities) may result in the Company or its subsidiaries being subject to tax in such foreign jurisdictions. Taxes paid by the Company in such foreign jurisdictions will reduce the cash available for distribution to the unitholders. However, because we are taxable as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain foreign income taxes paid by the Company may generate a foreign tax credit that will be allocated to each unitholder, which may be used to reduce, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the tax liability of such unitholder.
Our operations may result in non-U.S. unitholders being subject to U.S. federal, state and local income and withholding tax and filing requirements.
We may generate income that is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business, and, if so, a non-U.S. unitholder will generally be required to file an annual U.S. federal income tax return and pay U.S. federal income tax, in the same manner as a U.S. unitholder, with respect to such income. A U.S. federal withholding tax, at the highest applicable effective tax rate, generally will be imposed on a non-U.S. unitholder’s allocable share of such effectively connected income (whether or not such income is distributed). There also may be state or local tax withholding. Non-U.S. investors may also be subject to the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended, which generally treats any gain or loss of a non-U.S. person that is realized in connection with the (actual or constructive) disposition of a “U.S. real property interest” as gain or loss effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business engaged in by such non-U.S. person. Additionally, in the case of a non-U.S. unitholder that is a corporation, a U.S. "branch profits tax" of up to 30% will generally apply with respect to any such effectively connected income.
Risks related to the Investment Company Act
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act and, therefore, we will not be subject to the requirements imposed on an investment company by the Investment Company Act which may limit or otherwise affect our investment choices.
The Company and our subsidiaries will conduct our businesses so that none of such entities are required to register as “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. Although we could modify our business methods at any time, at the present time we expect that the focus of our activities will involve investments in fixed-income assets and other loans of the nature described earlier.
Companies subject to the Investment Company Act are required to comply with a variety of substantive requirements including, but not limited to:
limitations on the capital structure of the entity;
restrictions on certain investments;
prohibitions on transactions and restrictions on fees with affiliated entities; and
public reporting disclosures, record keeping, voting procedures, proxy disclosures, board operations and similar corporate governance rules and regulations.
These and other requirements are intended to provide benefits and/or protections to security holders of investment companies. Because we and our subsidiaries do not expect to be subject to these requirements, you will not be entitled to these benefits or protections. It is our policy to operate in a manner that will not require us to register as an investment company, and we do not expect or intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
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Whether a company is an investment company can involve analysis of complex laws, regulations and SEC staff interpretations. We intend to conduct the Company’s operations so as not to become subject to regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. So long as the Company conducts its businesses directly and through its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries that are not investment companies and neither the Company nor the wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing in securities, the Company should not have to register. The securities issued by any subsidiary that is excepted from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other “investment securities” (as used in the Investment Company Act) its parent may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the parent entity’s total assets on an unconsolidated basis (which we refer to as the 40% test). In other words, even if some interests in other entities were deemed to be investment securities, so long as such investment securities do not comprise more than 40% of an entity’s assets, the entity will not be required to register as an investment company. If an entity held investment securities and the value of these securities exceeded 40% of the value of its total assets, and no other exemption from registration was available, then that entity might be required to register as an investment company.
We do not expect that we or any of our majority- or wholly-owned subsidiaries will be an investment company, and in particular, we will seek to assure that holdings of investment securities in the Company do not exceed 40% of the total assets of that entity as calculated under the Investment Company Act. In order to operate in compliance with that standard, we may be required to conduct our business in a manner that takes account of these provisions. In order for us to so comply, we or a subsidiary could be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell or we may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test. In addition, we may also have to forgo opportunities to acquire certain assets or interests in companies or entities that we would otherwise want to acquire, or acquire assets we might otherwise not select for purchase, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test. For example, these restrictions will limit our ability to invest directly in certain types of assets, such as in securities that represent less than 50% of the voting securities (as used in the Investment Company Act) of the issuer thereof.
If the Company or any subsidiary owns assets that qualify as “investment securities” as such term is defined under the Investment Company Act and the value of such assets exceeds 40% of the value of its total assets, the entity could be deemed to be an investment company. In that case the entity would have to qualify for an exemption from registration as an investment company in order to operate without registering as an investment company. Certain of the subsidiaries that we may form in the future could seek to rely upon one of the exemptions from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(A) or Section 3(c)(5)(B) of the Investment Company Act. The exemption pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(A) is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring notes, drafts, acceptances, open accounts receivable, and other obligations representing part or all of the sales price of merchandise, insurance, and services” (which we refer to as the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption), while the exemption pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(B) is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of making loans to manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers of, and to prospective purchasers of, specified merchandise, insurance, and services” (which we refer to as the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption). Each of the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption and the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption generally requires that at least 55% of the assets of a subsidiary relying on such exemption be invested in eligible loans and receivables. To qualify for either of the foregoing exemptions, the subsidiary would be required to comply with interpretations issued by the staff of the SEC that govern the respective activities.
In addition to the exceptions discussed above, we and/or our subsidiaries may rely upon other exceptions and exemptions, including the exemptions provided by Section 3(c)(6) of the Investment Company Act (which exempts, among other things, parent entities whose primary business is conducted through majority-owned subsidiaries relying upon the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption and/or the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption discussed above) from the definition of an investment company and the registration requirements under the Investment Company Act.
The laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of entities like the Company and our subsidiaries, including actions by the Division of Investment Management of the SEC providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exemptions, may change in a manner that adversely affects our operations. To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the exceptions discussed above or other exemptions from the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act upon which we may rely, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
If the Company or any of our subsidiaries is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, the additional expenses and operational limitations associated with such registration may reduce our unitholders’ investment return or impair our ability to conduct our business as planned.
If we become an investment company or are otherwise required to register as such, we might be required to revise some of our current policies, or substantially restructure our business, to comply with the Investment Company Act. This would likely require us to incur the expense of holding a unitholder meeting to vote on such changes. Further, if we were required to register as an investment company, but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, criminal and civil actions could be brought against us, some of our contracts might be unenforceable, unless a court were to direct enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
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Risks related to ERISA
If our assets are deemed to be “ plan assets ” for purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ( “ ERISA ” ), the Advisor and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Code.
In some circumstances where employee benefit plans subject to ERISA or other plans subject to Section 4975 of the Code (together, “ERISA Plans”) hold an equity interest in an entity, the assets of the entire entity are deemed to be “plan assets” unless the equity interest is a “publicly-offered security” or a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or another exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan fiduciaries under Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, may be applicable to us. In particular, ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of an ERISA Plan and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan and its fiduciaries or other parties who have a specified relationship with the ERISA Plan. We believe that our assets will not be treated as “plan assets” because our units should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of our units, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if the Advisor or we are deemed to hold “plan assets,” we may be exposed to liability under ERISA or the Code and our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, our unitholders should consult with their legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code on our unitholders’ investment and our performance.
Risks Relating to Our Units
The units sold will not be listed on an exchange for the foreseeable future, if ever. Therefore, it will be difficult for our unitholders to sell their units and, if they are able to sell their units, they will likely sell them at a substantial discount. Our units are generally illiquid.
Our units are illiquid assets for which there is not expected to be any secondary market nor is it expected that any will develop in the future. Moreover, our unitholders should not rely on our unit repurchase program as a method to sell units promptly because our unit repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that limit the unitholders’ ability to sell their units to us, and our board of managers may amend, suspend or terminate our unit repurchase program at any time. In particular, the unit repurchase program provides that we may make repurchase offers only if our unitholders have held our units for a minimum of one year, we have sufficient funds available for repurchase from our DRP and to the extent the total number of units for which repurchase is requested in any 12 month period does not exceed 5% of our weighted average number of outstanding units as of the same date in the prior 12 month period. Therefore, it will be difficult for our unitholders to sell their units promptly or at all. We were not able to fulfill all repurchase requests submitted during the year ended December 31, 2022 because they exceeded the limitations of the program and we repurchased a pro rata amount of the unitholders’ requests. Given that the Company had not yet filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 with the SEC as of March 31, 2023, the Company temporarily suspended the private placement, the DRP and the unit repurchase program effective April 1, 2023. The private placement was terminated on November 29, 2024. The Company's unit repurchase program has been reinstated effective September 1, 2024, solely with respect to repurchase requests made in connection with the death or disability of a unitholder. However, per the terms of the unit repurchase program, we generally limit redemptions to the proceeds from the issuance of additional units under the DRP. We have not paid distributions since we paid two special distributions in early 2024, so there have not been any distributions to reinvest pursuant to the DRP, and accordingly, no DRP proceeds to fund repurchases under the unit repurchase program. See “Part II, Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for more information. If our unitholders are able to sell their units, they may only be able to sell them at a substantial discount from the price they paid. Investor suitability standards imposed by certain states may also make it more difficult to sell units to someone in those states.
Although the Company has a perpetual duration, it disclosed previously that if the Company did not consummate a liquidity event by August 25, 2021, it would commence an orderly liquidation of its assets unless a majority of the board of managers, including a majority of the independent managers, determined that liquidation is not in the best interests of the Company’s unitholders. Since then, t he continuation of the Company’s operations has been regularly monitored and reviewed by the board of managers on a quarterly basis. The board of managers may, in its discretion, pursue a liquidation of the Company or one or more alternative transactions in the event it deems such action to be appropriate.
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Our unitholders will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them, which makes investment in our units more speculative.
Our investments are selected by our sub-advisors and reviewed by our Advisor and our unitholders do not have input into such investment decisions, so our unitholders have to rely entirely on the ability of our Advisor and sub-advisors to select suitable and successful investment opportunities. Both of these factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in units.
Our unitholders will experience substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of their units equal to the offering costs associated with their units.
Our unitholders will incur immediate dilution, which will be substantial, equal to the costs of any offering associated with the sale of units. This means that the investors who have or will purchase units will pay a price per unit that substantially exceeds the amount available with which to purchase assets and therefore, the value of these assets upon purchase. As of December 31, 2025, we have incurred a cumulative total of approximately $17.3 million in offering costs which have been reimbursed to our Sponsor.
Because of all the risks described in this section, investing in units may involve an above average degree of risk.
Because of all the risks described in this section, the investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and volatility or loss of principal. Our investments may be highly risky and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in units may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
Our unitholders may experience dilution through subsequent offerings.
Our unitholders do not have preemptive rights. If, as expected, we engage in a subsequent offering of units or securities convertible into units, issue units pursuant to our DRP or otherwise issue additional units, investors who purchase units in this offering who do not participate in those other securities issuances will experience dilution in their percentage ownership of our outstanding units. Furthermore, unitholders may experience a dilution in the value of their units depending on the terms and pricing of any unit issuances and the value of our assets at the time of issuance.
The price for units redeemed pursuant to the Company ’ s unit repurchase program and issued pursuant to the DRP is the most recently disclosed estimated NAV per unit for such class of units, which may not equal the actual NAV per unit at the time of repurchase or reinvestment. The estimated NAV per unit may not be an accurate reflection of the fair market value of the Company ’ s assets and liabilities and likely will not represent the amount of net proceeds that would result if the Company liquidated or dissolved or the amount the Company ’ s unitholders would receive upon the sale of their units.
The price for units redeemed pursuant to the Company’s unit repurchase program and offered pursuant to the DRP is equal to the most recently disclosed estimated NAV per unit of such class of units, which may not equal the actual NAV per unit on the date of repurchase or reinvestment due to the lag between the timing of the most recent NAV disclosure and the redemption or reinvestment. In addition, the estimated NAV per unit, as determined by our management in accordance with our valuation policies, may not be an accurate reflection of the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP, may not reflect the price at which the Company would be able to sell all or substantially all of its assets or the outstanding units in an arm's length transaction, may not represent the value that the Company’s unitholders could realize upon a sale of the Company or upon the liquidation of its assets and settlement of its liabilities, and may not be indicative of the price at which units would trade if they were listed on a national securities exchange. Further, our board of managers may determine the fair value of our assets completely or in part based upon internal valuation assessments and not independent valuation assessments, which may be materially different. In addition, the determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates, which may not be accurate or complete.
We do not, and do not expect to, have research analysts reviewing our performance.
We do not, and do not expect to, have research analysts reviewing our performance or our securities on an ongoing basis. Therefore, our unitholders will not have an independent review of our performance and the value of our units relative to publicly traded companies.
Table of Contents
General Risk Factors
Terrorist attacks, military conflicts, acts of war or national disasters may affect any market for units, impact the businesses in which we invest, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Terrorist acts, military conflicts, acts of war, geopolitical instability or national disasters have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant economic and political uncertainty and global economic instability. Such risks include, among others, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and related sanctions and other restrictive measures; conflicts involving Iran, Israel, and the United States of America; disruptions to global shipping and trade routes, including in the Red Sea region, heightened tensions involving China and Taiwan, and other evolving geopolitical conditions. Future terrorist activities, civil war, military or security operations, or national disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties in the regions in which we may invest, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks and national disasters are generally uninsurable.
The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, or steal confidential information. With increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity threats and attacks becoming more frequent globally, we are more susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity. The primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a successful cyber incident include operational interruption, damage to our reputation and business relationships, and compromise or corruption of our confidential information. In addition, our third-party service providers, including contractors, consultants, custodians, administrators, sub-advisors, borrower companies, suppliers with whom we conduct business are also subject to cybersecurity threats. In many cases, we must rely on the controls and safeguards put in place by such third parties to defend against, respond to, and report these incidents, and we cannot provide any assurances that confidential information will not be compromised should they become exposed to a cybersecurity incident. See "Part I, Item 1C. Cybersecurity" for information about our cybersecurity policies and practices.
- Ticker
- -
- CIK
0001550453- Form Type
- 10-K
- Accession Number
0001437749-26-010358- Filed
- Mar 30, 2026
- Period
- Dec 31, 2025 (Q4 25)
- Industry
- Finance Services
External resources
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