NPO Enpro Inc. - 10-K

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

In addition to the risks stated elsewhere in this annual report, set forth below are certain risk factors that we believe are material. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation could be harmed. You should also consider these risk factors when you read “forward-looking statements” elsewhere in this report. You can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “hope,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of those terms or other comparable terms. Those forward-looking statements are only predictions and can be adversely affected if any of these risks occur.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our business and some of the markets we serve are cyclical and distressed market conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The markets in which we sell our products and solutions, particularly wafer fab equipment for semiconductor manufacturing, chemical companies, petroleum refineries, heavy-duty trucking, and capital equipment are, to varying degrees, cyclical and have historically experienced periodic downturns. Prior downturns have been characterized by diminished product demand, excess manufacturing capacity and subsequent erosion of average selling prices in these markets resulting in negative effects on our net sales and results of operations. Our products and solutions for the semiconductor manufacturing market, have historically been characterized by rapid changes in demand due to changes in electronics demand, economic conditions (both general and in the semiconductor and electronics industries), industry supply and demand, prices for semiconductors, the level of capital expenditures by manufacturers supplying semiconductor fabricators, and the ability of fabricators to manufacture increasingly complex and costly semiconductor devices. A prolonged and severe downward cycle in our markets, particularly in our semiconductor markets, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, in the past, we have experienced downturns in end-market demand due to uncertainty regarding the impact of tariffs or threatened tariffs and related trade tensions. The United States and other countries have imposed and may continue to impose new trade restrictions and export regulations, have levied tariffs and taxes on certain goods, and could significantly increase tariffs on a broad array of goods. Other geopolitical actions or threatened geopolitical actions may adversely affect international trade relations. These actions, or the threat of these actions in the United States or other

jurisdictions material to our operations and end markets, could depress demand for our products or increase the cost to manufacture our products, which may affect the competitiveness of our products relative to manufacturers not affected by such actions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We face intense competition that could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We encounter intense competition in almost all areas of our businesses. Customers for many of our products and solutions are attempting to reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase. To remain competitive, we need to invest continuously in manufacturing, marketing, customer service and support and our distribution networks. We also need to develop new products and solutions to continue to meet the needs and desires of our customers. In addition, if we fail to timely respond to rapid increases in demand for our products and services, or to effectively manage any corresponding expansion of our manufacturing or service capacity, our customers may divert their purchases of products and services from us to our competitors. We may not have sufficient resources to continue to make such investments or maintain our competitive position. Additionally, some of our competitors are larger than we are and have substantially greater financial resources than we do. As a result, they may be better able to withstand the effects of periodic economic downturns. Certain of our products and solutions may also experience transformation from unique branded products to undifferentiated price sensitive products and solutions. This commoditization may be accelerated by low-cost foreign competition. Changes in the replacement cycle of certain of our products and solutions, including because of improved product and service quality or improved maintenance, may affect aftermarket demand for such products and solutions. Initiatives designed to distinguish our products and solutions through superior service, continuous improvement, innovation, customer relationships, technology, new product acquisitions, bundling with key services, long-term contracts or market focus may not be effective. Pricing and other competitive pressures could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The reliance of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment on a small number of significant customers may adversely affect our financial results

A majority of the revenues of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment are derived from manufacturing, cleaning, coating and refurbishing components used in advanced node semiconductor manufacturing equipment. Due to consolidation in the semiconductor manufacturing equipment industry, a small number of companies control a significant majority of the global production of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. As a result, the segment is dependent on certain key relationships with customers in that industry, including a customer that accounted for approximately 24% of our 2025 consolidated net sales. These sales were made by our Advanced Surface Technologies segment and the loss of the segment’s relationship with that customer or other key customers or other adverse changes in the segment’s relationships with those customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Consolidation among our customers, or a decision by any one or more of our customers to no longer outsource the type of solutions provided by our Advanced Surface Technologies segment, may further concentrate our business in a limited number of customers and expose us to increased risks relating to dependence on an even smaller number of customers. The customer base of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment is also geographically concentrated, particularly in Taiwan, Singapore, and the U.S. The geographic concentration of this customer base could shift over time as a result of changes in technology and competitive landscape, geopolitical actions, including government policies and incentives to develop regional semiconductor industries. Such a change in geographic concentration may require that we incur significant cost to enable our Advanced Surface Technologies segment to continue to effectively supply its customer base.

The loss of key personnel and an inability to attract and retain qualified employees could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

We are dependent on the continued services of our leadership team and other key employees. The loss of these personnel without adequate replacement could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Additionally, we need qualified managers and skilled employees with technical and industry experience in many locations in order to operate our business successfully. From time to time, there may be a shortage of skilled labor, which may make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified employees. If we were unable to attract and retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals or our costs to do so were to increase significantly, our operations and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

If we fail to retain the agents and distributors upon whom we rely to market our products, we may be unable to effectively market our products and our revenue and profitability may decline.

The marketing success of many of our businesses in the U.S. and abroad depends largely upon our independent agents’ and distributors’ sales and service expertise and relationships with customers in our markets. Many of these agents have developed strong ties to existing and potential customers because of their detailed knowledge of our products. A loss of a

significant number of these agents or distributors, or of a particular agent or distributor in a key market or with key customer relationships, could significantly inhibit our ability to effectively market our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Increased costs for raw materials, the termination of existing supply arrangements or other disruptions of our supply chain has had, and could continue in the future to have, a material adverse effect on our business.

We have seen organic changes related to price increases of raw materials in the past, which have adversely affected our business and results of operations. The prices of some of our raw materials may continue to increase due to supply chain limitations or the imposition (or announcement of the intended imposition) of new or increased tariffs or changes in trade laws, including tariffs announced by the U.S. government in 2025 and retaliatory tariffs announced in response thereto. While we have been successful in passing along some of these higher costs, there can be no assurance we will be able to continue doing so without losing customers. Some of AST's operations rely upon sourcing certain rare earth minerals that historically have been sourced indirectly from China. While inventories of these materials are sufficient for near-term requirements, and we are working to develop alternative sources for these materials, the future supply of these materials is uncertain. The loss of a key supplier, the unavailability of a key raw material, or other disruptions of our supply chain could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, we have limited sources for certain key raw materials and other supplies.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights and knowledge relating to our products and services, our business and prospects may be negatively impacted.

We believe that proprietary products, processes, and technology are important to our success. If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property and know-how, our business and prospects could be negatively impacted. Our efforts to protect our intellectual property through patents, trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade secrets, copyrights, confidentiality, non-compete and nondisclosure agreements and other measures may not be adequate to protect our proprietary rights. Patents issued to third parties, whether before or after the issue date of our patents, could render our intellectual property less valuable. Questions as to whether our competitors’ products or services infringe our intellectual property rights or whether our products and services infringe our competitors’ intellectual property rights may be disputed. In addition, intellectual property rights may be unavailable, limited or difficult to enforce in some jurisdictions, which could make it easier for competitors to capture market share in those jurisdictions.

Our competitors may capture market share from us by selling products that claim to mirror the capabilities of our products or technology. Without sufficient protection nationally and internationally for our intellectual property, our competitiveness worldwide could be impaired, which would negatively impact our growth and future revenue. As a result, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and enforce our intellectual property rights.

Failure to maintain or renew licenses to certain intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In general, we are the owner of the rights to the products and services that we manufacture and provide. However, we also license certain intellectual property from various entities. These licenses are subject to renewal and it is possible we may not successfully renegotiate these licenses or they could be terminated in the event of a material breach. If this were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our products and solutions are often used in critical applications, which could expose us to potentially significant product liability, warranty and other claims and recalls. Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all of our significant risks or our insurers may deny coverage of material losses we incur, which could adversely affect our profitability and overall financial condition.

Our products and solutions are often used in critical applications in demanding environments, including in the nuclear, oil and gas, automotive, aerospace and pharmaceutical industries. Accordingly, product and service failures can have significant consequences and could result in significant product liability, warranty and other claims against us, regardless of whether our products and services caused the incident that is the subject of the claim, and we may have obligations to participate in the recall of products in which our products are components, if any of the components or services we supply prove to be defective. We endeavor to identify and obtain in established markets insurance agreements to cover certain significant risks and liabilities, though insurance against some of the risks inherent in our operations (such as insurance covering down-stream customer product recalls or nuclear-related liabilities) is either unavailable or available only at rates or on terms that we consider excessive. With respect to certain sales into the nuclear industry, Enpro may benefit from legal frameworks that operate as pooling arrangements to protect suppliers, although the specific structure and availability of such protections vary by country.

Depending on competitive conditions and other factors, we endeavor to obtain contractual protection against uninsured risks from our customers, including limitations on liability and indemnification. In some cases, we are unable to obtain such contractual protections, and when we do, such contractual protection may not be as broad as we desire, may not be supported by adequate insurance maintained by the customer, or may not be fully enforceable in the jurisdictions in which our customers are located. Such insurance or contractual protection may not be sufficient or effective under all circumstances or against all hazards to which we may be subject. A successful claim or product recall for which we are not insured or for which we are underinsured could have a material adverse effect on us. Additionally, disputes with insurance carriers over coverage may affect the timing of cash flows and, if litigation with the carrier becomes necessary, an outcome unfavorable to us may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our business may be adversely affected by information technology disruptions .

Our business may be impacted by information technology disruptions, including information technology attacks. Cybersecurity attacks, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data or corporate funds, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data (our own or that of third parties). We have experienced cybersecurity attacks and, while we believe that we have adopted appropriate measures and procedures to mitigate potential risks to our systems from information technology-related disruptions, it is possible that a cybersecurity attack could be successful in breaching the measures and procedures designed to protect our systems, including due to the development, through the application of artificial intelligence and quantum computing, of more advanced cybersecurity attacks. In such an event, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, misappropriation of corporate funds, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are exposed to risks related to the use of AI by us and our competitors.

We are increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities into our business operations and our products and solutions. AI technology is complex and rapidly evolving and may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory, operational and other risks. There is no guarantee that our use of AI will benefit our business operations or produce products and solutions that are preferred by our customers. Our competitors may be more successful in their AI strategy and develop superior products and solutions with the aid of AI technology. Likewise, AI may negatively impact the demand for our customers’ product and solutions, which may impact their demand for our products and solutions. Additionally, AI algorithms or training methodologies may be flawed, and datasets may contain irrelevant, insufficient or biased information, which can cause errors in outputs. This may give rise to legal liability, damage our reputation, and materially harm our business. The use of AI in the development of our products and solutions could also cause loss of intellectual property, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy and cybersecurity. The United States and other countries may adopt laws and regulations related to AI. These laws and regulations could cause us to incur greater compliance costs and limit the use of AI in the development of our products and solutions. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with these regulatory requirements could subject us to legal liabilities, damage our reputation, or otherwise have a material and adverse impact on our business.

A failure to develop new or improved products and solutions may result in a significant competitive disadvantage.

In order to maintain our market positions and margins, we need to continually develop and introduce high-quality, technologically advanced and cost-effective products and solutions on a timely basis, in many cases in multiple jurisdictions around the world. The failure to do so could result in a significant competitive disadvantage that could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Debt incurred in the future to refinance existing indebtedness, to fund strategic acquisitions or for other needs may be at interest rates greater than the rates applicable to the Company’s current indebtedness.

We may be required to obtain financing in order to fund the refinancing of our senior notes and other outstanding debt, as well as certain strategic acquisitions, if they arise. We are also exposed to risks from tightening credit markets, through the interest payable on any variable-rate debt, including the interest cost on future borrowings under our senior credit facilities. The credit environment could impact our ability to borrow money in the future. Additional financing or refinancing might not be available and, if available, may not be at economically favorable terms, including at interest rates in excess of the rates

applicable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness. Further, an increase in leverage could lead to deterioration in our credit ratings. A reduction in our credit ratings, regardless of the cause, could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing and/or increase our cost of obtaining financing. There is no guarantee we will be able to access the capital markets at financially economical interest rates, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

Our business with the U.S. government is subject to government contracting risks.

Our business with government agencies, including sales to prime contractors that supply these agencies, is subject to government contracting risks. U.S. government contracts are subject to termination by the government, either for the convenience of the government or for default as a result of our failure to perform under the applicable contract. In addition, if we or one of our divisions were charged with wrongdoing with respect to a U.S. government contract, the U.S. government could suspend us from bidding on or receiving awards of new government contracts pending the completion of legal proceedings, and if we are found liable, we could subject us to fines, penalties, repayments and treble and other damages, and/or debarment from bidding on or receiving new awards of U.S. government contracts.

Climate change and legal or regulatory responses thereto may have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

There is growing concern that a gradual increase in global average temperatures as a result of increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will cause significant changes in weather patterns around the globe and an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Such physical risks may impair our production capabilities, disrupt our supply chain or impact demand for our products. In addition, Enpro faces transition risks associated with growing concern over climate change, which may result in customer needs evolving to adjust to a low-carbon economy and in additional legal or regulatory requirements designed to reduce or mitigate the effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions on the environment. Increased energy or compliance costs, increased product investments to address evolving customer needs, and increased expenses as a result of increased legal or regulatory requirements may cause disruptions in, or an increase in the costs associated with, the manufacturing and distribution of our products. The impacts of climate change and legal or regulatory initiatives to address climate change could have a long-term adverse impact on our business and results of operations. If we fail to align product investment to adjust to a low-carbon economy, or if we do not achieve or improperly report on our progress toward achieving our goals and commitments to reduce our carbon footprint or in environmental and sustainability programs and initiatives, the results could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

At this time, Enpro voluntarily discloses its Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions; however, the Company is not currently subject to mandatory climate-related reporting under the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive or the climate-related disclosure laws in California. We would be required to incur increased compliance costs if we were to become subject to these mandatory climate-related reporting requirements.

Evolving regulatory restrictions on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may restrict the manufacture or use of fluoropolymers, including PTFE, which are currently included as critical components in certain of our products.

In February 2023, the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) proposed several options for restricting the manufacture, import and use of PFAS in the EU under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulations, potentially including PTFE and/or the fluorosurfactants that our suppliers use to manufacture PTFE. ECHA is in the process of evaluating these proposed options and preparing opinions on the socio-economic, environmental and health impacts of the proposal for consideration by the European Commission. PTFE resins are currently a critical raw material in the manufacture of certain of our products, and are included as components of several of our final products. If the manufacture or use of PTFE resins were restricted by this or other emerging regulations in the coming years, or if a substantial number of our suppliers discontinued production of PTFE resins due to regulatory pressures, and if we were unable to develop products using substitute materials that provide the same reliability and performance as our current products, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business could be materially adversely affected by numerous other risks, including rising healthcare costs, changes in environmental laws and other unforeseen business interruptions.

Our business may be negatively impacted by numerous other risks. For example, medical and other healthcare costs may continue to grow faster than general inflation or employees may receive more or higher cost services in future periods. Initiatives to address these costs, such as consumer driven health plan packages, may not successfully reduce these expenses to the extent expected or required. Failure to offer competitive employee benefits may result in our inability to recruit or maintain key employees. Other risks to our business include potential changes in environmental rules or regulations, which could

negatively impact our manufacturing processes, or changes to the magnitude of costs at existing environmental sites. Use of certain chemicals and other substances could become restricted or such changes may otherwise require us to incur additional costs which could reduce our profitability and impair our ability to offer competitively priced products. Additional risks to our business include global or local events which could significantly disrupt our operations. Certain of our facilities are located in areas at risk for hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires and/or flooding. Such natural disasters, as well as terrorist attacks, political insurgencies, pandemics and electrical grid disruptions and outages are some of the unforeseen risks that could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Acquisition Activities

We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions, which could involve certain risks and uncertainties.

We expect to continue to make acquisitions in the future. Acquisitions involve numerous inherent challenges, such as properly evaluating acquisition opportunities, properly evaluating risks and other diligence matters, ensuring adequate capital availability and balancing other resource constraints. There are risks and uncertainties related to acquisitions, including: difficulties integrating acquired technology, operations, personnel and financial and other systems; unrealized sales expectations from the acquired business; unrealized synergies and cost savings; unknown or underestimated liabilities; diversion of management attention from running our existing businesses; and potential loss of key management, employees or customers of the acquired business. In addition, internal controls over financial reporting of acquired companies may not be up to required U.S. public company standards. Our integration activities may place substantial demands on our management, operational resources and financial and internal control systems. Customer dissatisfaction or performance problems with an acquired business, technology, service or product could also have a material adverse effect on our reputation and business.

Risks Related to Our Prior Ownership of Disposed Businesses

We have exposure to contingent liabilities relating to previously owned businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows in any fiscal period.

We have contingent liabilities related to discontinued operations and previously owned businesses of our predecessors, including environmental liabilities and liabilities for certain products and other matters. In some instances we have indemnified others against those liabilities, and in other instances we have received indemnities from third parties against those liabilities.

Claims could arise relating to products, facilities, employees or former employees, or other matters related to our discontinued operations. Some of these claims could seek substantial monetary payments. For example, Enpro has entered into an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent for Interim Removal Action with the Environmental Protection Agency for the assessment and potential remediation of eight surface uranium mines in Arizona on the basis that our EnPro Holdings subsidiary, through which we hold most of our operating subsidiaries, was a potentially responsible party under federal environmental laws as the successor to a former operator in the 1950s of those mines. Further, we could potentially be liable with respect to firearms manufactured prior to March 1990 by Colt Firearms, a former operation of a corporate predecessor of EnPro Holdings, and electrical transformers manufactured prior to May 1994 by Central Moloney, another former operation of that corporate predecessor. Additionally, in 2014, prior to the sale of our former Fairbanks Morse division in 2020, Enpro Inc. guaranteed the performance of certain of Fairbanks Morse’s obligations regarding its supply of diesel engine generators used for emergency backup power at nuclear power plants in France, although Fairbanks Morse and its purchaser have agreed to indemnify us for any payments made under such guarantee.

We have established reserves related to some of these liabilities based upon our best estimates in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. However, if our insurance coverage is depleted or our reserves are not adequate, environmental and other liabilities relating to discontinued operations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our International Operations

We conduct a significant amount of our sales and service activities outside of the U.S., which subjects us to additional business risks, including foreign exchange risks, that may cause our profitability to decline.

Because we sell our products and provide services in a number of foreign countries, we are subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. In 2025, we derived approximately 43% of our net sales from sales of our products and solutions outside of the U.S. Outside the U.S., we operate 8 primary manufacturing and service facility locations (approximately 50,000 square feet or larger) located in 7 countries. Our sales and operating activities outside of the U.S. are, and will continue to be, subject to a number of risks, including:

• political and economic instability, including any conflict, threat of conflict or other external destabilizing activities that may affect Taiwan;

• unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including long-term contracts denominated in foreign currencies;

• adverse changes in foreign tax, legal and regulatory requirements;

• difficulty in protecting intellectual property;

• government embargoes, tariffs and trade protection measures, such as “anti-dumping” duties applicable to classes of products, and import or export licensing requirements, as well as the imposition of trade sanctions against a class of products imported from or sold and exported to, or the loss of “normal trade relations” status with, countries in which we conduct business, could significantly increase our cost of products or otherwise reduce our sales and harm our business;

• cultural norms and expectations that may sometimes be inconsistent with our Code of Conduct and our requirements about the manner in which our employees, agents and distributors conduct business;

• differing labor regulations; and

• acts of hostility, terror or war.

Any of these factors, individually or together, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, tapered roller bearings manufactured at our facilities in China that are imported into the United States before re-sale to customers are currently subject to “anti-dumping” duties imposed by the U.S. Department of Commerce based on its periodic review and analysis of our manufacturing and selling activities or the manufacturing and selling activities of larger Chinese suppliers of these products. Such duties, if imposed at higher levels, could materially adversely affect the commercial competitiveness of these products, which could adversely affect the business and results of operations of our Sealing Technologies segment.

Our operations outside the United States require us to comply with a number of United States and international regulations. For example, we are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), which prohibits United States companies or their agents and employees from providing anything of value to a foreign official for the purposes of influencing any act or decision of these individuals in their official capacity to help obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or corporate entity, or obtain any unfair advantage. Our activities in countries outside the United States create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees or agents that could be in violation of the FCPA, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. We have internal control policies and procedures and have implemented training and compliance programs with respect to the FCPA. However, we cannot assure that our policies, procedures and programs always will protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances. In addition, we are subject to and must comply with all applicable export controls and economic sanctions laws and embargoes imposed by the United States and other various governments. Changes in export control or trade sanctions laws may restrict our business practices, including cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries or with sanctioned entities, and may result in modifications to compliance programs and increase compliance costs, and violations of these laws or regulations may subject us to fines, penalties and other sanctions, such as loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business or debarments from export privileges. Violations of the FCPA or export controls or sanctions laws and regulations may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We intend to continue to pursue international growth opportunities, which could increase our exposure to risks associated with international sales and operations. As we expand our international operations, we may also encounter new risks that could adversely affect our revenues and profitability. For example, as we focus on building our international sales and distribution networks in new geographic regions, we must continue to develop relationships with reputable and qualified local agents, distributors and trading companies. If we are not successful in developing these relationships, we may not be able to increase sales in these regions.

Failure to properly manage these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure

Our debt agreement and the indenture governing our senior notes impose limitations on our operations, which could impede our ability to respond to market conditions, address unanticipated capital investments and/or pursue business opportunities.

The agreement governing our senior secured revolving credit facility imposes limitations on our operations, such as limitations on certain restricted payments, investments, incurrence or repayment of indebtedness, and maintenance of a consolidated net leverage ratio and an interest coverage financial ratio. In addition, the indenture governing our senior notes contains limitations on certain asset sales and granting of liens. These limitations could impede our ability to respond to market conditions, address unanticipated capital investment needs and/or pursue business opportunities.

We may not have sufficient cash to fund a required repurchase of our senior notes upon a change of control.

Upon a change of control, as defined under the indenture governing our senior notes and includes events that may be beyond our control, the holders of our senior notes have the right to require us to offer to purchase all of our senior notes then outstanding at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. In order to obtain sufficient funds to pay the purchase price of the outstanding notes, we expect that we would have to refinance our senior notes. We cannot assure you that we would be able to refinance our senior notes on reasonable terms, if at all. Our failure to offer to purchase all outstanding notes or to purchase all validly tendered notes would be an event of default under the indenture governing our senior notes. Such an event of default may cause the acceleration of our other debt.

We may incur increased interest expense as a result of our variable rate debt.

Borrowings under our revolving credit facility incur interest which is variable based on, at our option, either the federal funds rate or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Increases in the referenced rate will increase the Company's borrowing costs and negatively impact financial results and cash flows.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be volatile.

A relatively small number of shares are normally traded in any one day and higher volumes could have a significant effect on the market price of our common stock. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risks described in this section and elsewhere in this report or for reasons unrelated to our operations, such as reports by industry analysts, investor perceptions or negative announcements by our customers, competitors or suppliers regarding their own performance, as well as industry conditions and general financial, economic and political instability.

Because our quarterly revenues and operating results may vary significantly in future periods, our stock price may fluctuate.

Our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. A high proportion of our costs are fixed, due in part to significant selling and manufacturing costs. Small declines in revenues could disproportionately affect operating results in a quarter and the price of our common stock may fall. Other factors that could significantly affect quarterly operating results include, but are not limited to:

• demand for our products and services;

• the timing and execution of customer contracts;

• the timing of sales of our products and services;

• contractual penalties for late delivery of long-lead-time products;

• increases in costs or operating disruptions due to equipment or labor issues;

• changes in foreign currency exchange rates;

• changes in applicable tax rates;

• an impairment of goodwill or other intangibles at one of our reporting units;

• unanticipated delays or problems in introducing new products;

• announcements by competitors of new products, services or technological innovations;

• changes in our pricing policies or the pricing policies of our competitors;

• increased expenses, whether related to sales and marketing, raw materials or supplies, product development or administration;

• major changes in the level of economic activity in major regions of the world in which we do business;

• costs related to possible future acquisitions or divestitures of technologies or businesses;

• an increase in the number or magnitude of product liability or environmental claims;

• our ability to expand our operations and the amount and timing of expenditures related to expansion of our operations, particularly outside the U.S.; and

• economic assumptions and market factors used to determine postretirement benefits and pension liabilities.

Various provisions and laws could delay or prevent a change of control.

The anti-takeover provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and provisions of North Carolina law could delay or prevent a change of control or may impede the ability of the holders of our common stock to change our management. In particular, our articles of incorporation and bylaws, among other things:

• require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve any business combination transaction with an owner of 5% or more of our shares unless the transaction is recommended by disinterested directors;

• limit the right of shareholders to remove directors and fill vacancies;

• regulate how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholders’ meetings; and

• authorize our board of directors to issue preferred stock in one or more series, without shareholder approval.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock.

In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock to raise capital or issue shares of common stock as consideration in connection with an acquisition. In addition, a reasonable number of shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance under our equity compensation plans, including shares to be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock unit or performance share awards. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected our consolidated financial condition and operating results during the periods included in the accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, included elsewhere in this annual report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) and releases issued by the SEC. The words “may,” “hope,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and other expressions which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our shareholders, and we therefore make forward-looking statements in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Act. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control, and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A of this annual report, entitled “Risk Factors” and in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Whenever you read or hear any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributed to us or any person acting on our behalf, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In our discussion of our outlook and results of operations, we utilize financial measures that have not been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). They include adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"), and total adjusted segment EBITDA. Tables showing the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures, other than total adjusted segment EBITDA, to the comparable GAAP measures are included in "— Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures ," while the reconciliation of total adjusted segment EBITDA is included in "— Results of Operations ."

We believe non-GAAP metrics are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate our operating performance and, when read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate our ongoing operations and performance from period to period. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are some of the factors we use in internal evaluations of the overall performance of our businesses. We acknowledge that there are many items that impact our reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, the non-GAAP measures we use are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Overview

Overview . Enpro is a leading-edge industrial technology company focused on critical applications across a diverse group of growing end markets such as semiconductor, industrial process, commercial vehicle, sustainable power generation, aerospace, food and pharmaceuticals, photonics, and life sciences. We have 15 primary manufacturing and service facilities located in 8 countries, including the United States. Enpro is a leader in applied engineering and designs, develops, manufactures, and markets proprietary, value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments.

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic initiatives to focus the portfolio of businesses where we offer proprietary, industrial technology-related products and solutions with high barriers to entry, compelling margins, strong cash flow, and perpetual recurring/aftermarket revenue in markets with favorable secular tailwinds.

We manage our business as two segments: a Sealing Technologies segment and an Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

Our Sealing Technologies segment engineers and manufactures value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments, including: metallic, non-metallic and composite material gaskets; dynamic seals; compression packing; elastomeric components; custom-engineered mechanical seals used in diverse applications; hydraulic components; test, measurement and sensing applications; sanitary gaskets; hoses and fittings for hygienic process industries; fluid transfer products for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries; and commercial vehicle solutions used in wheel-end and suspension components that customers rely upon to ensure safety on our roadways.

These products are used in a variety of markets, including chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear energy, hydrogen, natural gas, food and biopharmaceutical processing, primary metal manufacturing, mining, water and waste treatment, commercial vehicle, aerospace (including commercial space), medical, filtration and semiconductor fabrication. In all these industries, the performance and durability of our proprietary products and solutions are vital for the safety and environmental protection of our customers’ processes. Many of our products and solutions are used in highly demanding applications, often in harsh environments, where the cost of failure is extremely high relative to the cost of our offerings to our customers. These environments include those where extreme temperatures, extreme pressures, corrosive agents, strict tolerances, or worn equipment create challenges for product performance. Sealing Technologies offers customers widely recognized applied engineering, innovation, process know- how and enduring reliability, driving a lasting aftermarket for many of our products and solutions.

Our Advanced Surface Technologies (AST) segment applies proprietary technologies, processes, and capabilities to deliver a highly differentiated suite of products and solutions for challenging applications in high-growth markets. The segment’s products and solutions are used in demanding environments requiring performance, precision and repeatability, with a low tolerance for failure. AST’s products and solutions capabilities include: (i) engineering, manufacturing and precision machining of complex front-end wafer processing sub-systems, including critical components used in and around semiconductor process chambers that enable the manufacture of leading-edge chips, as well as edge-welded bellows that support critical applications in the space, aerospace and defense markets; (ii) cleaning, testing, refurbishment and verification for critical components and assemblies used in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, with meaningful exposures to state-of-the-art advanced node chip applications; and (iii) coatings for critical components and assemblies for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and designing, manufacturing and selling specialized optical filters and proprietary thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets. In many instances, AST capabilities drive products and solutions that enable the performance of our customers’ high-value processes through an entire life cycle.

Acquisitions

On October 8, 2025, Enpro acquired Overlook, which is headquartered in Easthampton, Massachusetts. Overlook specializes in the design and fabrication of single-use technologies and other critical componentry for biopharmaceutical production processes.

On November 14, 2025, we acquired AlpHa. AlpHa is a Houston, Texas-based leading provider of liquid analytical sensing technologies and instrumentation for the measurement of key parameters for liquid processes. AlpHa serves customers across a diverse set of end-markets, including industrial process control, water and wastewater, laboratory, and environmental monitoring.

We paid $273.9 million, net of cash acquired, for the two acquisitions completed in the fourth quarter of 2025. We have funded these acquisitions with available cash on hand in the United States and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In connection with the acquisitions of these businesses, there were $7.4 million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025 which are included in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The post-acquisition results of Overlook and AlpHa are reflected within the Sealing Technologies segment.

On January 29, 2024, Enpro acquired all of the equity securities of AMI for $209.4 million, net of cash acquired. In connection with the acquisition of AMI, there were $3.9 million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the year ended

December 31, 2024 and included in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

AMI is a leading provider of highly-engineered, application-specific analyzers and sensing technologies that monitor critical parameters to maintain infrastructure integrity, enable process efficiency, enhance safety, and facilitate the clean energy transition. AMI is included within the Sealing Technologies segment.

Based in Costa Mesa, California, AMI serves customers in the midstream natural gas, biogas, industrial processing, cryogenics, food processing, laboratory wastewater and aerospace markets. AMI offers a portfolio of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfide and moisture analyzers and proprietary sensing capabilities that detect contaminants in a variety of processes, including natural gas and biogas streams, which enable operators to avoid flaring and, thereby, reduce CO2 emissions.

Acquisitions of redeemable non-controlling interests

In connection with our acquisition of Alluxa in October 2020, the Alluxa Executives received rollover equity interests in the form of approximately 7% of the total equity interest the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary, which we formed for the purpose of acquiring Alluxa. The Alluxa LLC Agreement entered into with the completion of the transaction, included the Put and Call Rights, under which each Alluxa Executive had the right to sell to us, and we had the right to purchase from each Alluxa Executive, one-third of the Alluxa Executive equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary during each of three exercise periods in 2024, 2025 and 2026, with any amount not sold or purchased in a prior exercise period being carried forward to the subsequent exercise periods. In January 2024, we agreed with the Alluxa Executives to change the terms of the Put and Call Rights so that all outstanding equity interests could be acquired in 2024. In February of 2024, we acquired all outstanding equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary for $17.9 million, which was the minimum fixed price set in the Alluxa LLC Agreement. As this transaction was for the acquisition of all remaining shares of a consolidated subsidiary with no change in control, it was recorded within shareholder's equity and as a financing cash flow in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. As a result of the acquisition of these equity interests, Enpro became the sole owner of Alluxa.

Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our GGB business and announced our intention to sell Garlock Pipeline Technologies, Inc. ("GPT"). These businesses comprised our remaining Engineered Materials segment ("Engineered Materials"). As a result of classifying the GGB and GPT businesses as held for sale in the third quarter of 2022, we determined Engineered Materials to be a discontinued operation.

On January 30, 2023, we completed the sale of GPT. In 2023, we received $28.9 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, resulting in a pretax gain of $14.6 million recognized in the first quarter of 2023.

The sale of GGB to The Timken Company closed on November 4, 2022. We received $298.2 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, including $3.1 million of payments made in Q1 of 2023.

Unless otherwise indicated, amounts presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations pertain to continuing operations only (see Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for information on discontinued operations and the related disposition of those operations)

Global Sales

Please refer to Item 1, "Business-Background" for information with respect to our sales by geographic region in 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Highlights

Financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(in millions, except per share data)

Net sales

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Net income attributable to Enpro Inc.

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. 1

Adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations 1

Adjusted Segment EBITDA 2

Adjusted EBITDA 1

1 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in "— Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure to the Comparable GAAP Measure " at the end of this section.

2 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in " — Results of Operations ".

Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31,

(in millions)

Sales

Sealing Technologies

Advanced Surface Technologies

Intersegment sales

Total sales

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Adjusted Segment EBITDA

Sealing Technologies

Advanced Surface Technologies

Total Adjusted Segment EBITDA

Reconciliations of Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to Adjusted Segment EBITDA

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Plus: net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests

Income from continuing operations

Income tax expense

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Acquisition and divestiture expenses

Non-controlling interest compensation allocation

Amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory

Restructuring and impairment expense, net

Depreciation and amortization expense

Corporate expenses

Interest expense, net

Goodwill impairment

Loss on pension settlement

Other expense, net

Adjusted Segment EBITDA

We measure operating performance of our reportable segments based on segment earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other selected items ("Adjusted Segment EBITDA" or "Segment AEBITDA"), which is segment revenue reduced by operating expenses and other costs identifiable with the segment, excluding acquisition and disposition expenses, non-controlling interest compensation allocation, restructuring and impairment expense, net of gains on restructuring-related sales of assets, amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted Segment EBITDA is not defined under GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Corporate expenses include general corporate administrative costs. Segment non-operating expenses and income, corporate expenses, net interest expense, goodwill impairment, loss on pension settlement and income taxes are not included in the computation of Adjusted Segment EBITDA. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those for Enpro.

Restructuring and impairment expense, net in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2025, includes income related to gains on the sale of fixed assets as a result of restructuring actions.

Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisition of Alluxa that was subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the Alluxa Executives. This expense was recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and is directly related to the terms of the acquisition. We acquired all of the Alluxa non-controlling interests in the first quarter of 2024.

Other expense, net in the table above represents other expense (non-operating) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the respective periods presented.

2025 Compared to 2024

Sales of $1,143.3 million in 2025 increased 9.0% from $1,048.7 million in 2024. The following table summarizes the impact of acquisitions and foreign currency on sales by segment:

Sales

Percent Change 2025 vs. 2024

increase/(decrease)

Organic

Acquisition

Foreign Currency

Total

Enpro Inc.

Sealing Technologies

Advanced Surface Technologies

Following is a discussion of operating results for each segment during 2025 compared to 2024:

Sealing Technologies . Sales of $732.4 million in 2025 reflect a 6.6% increase compared to $687.2 million in 2024. Excluding the favorable foreign exchange translation ($3.4 million) and the sales from recent acquisitions ($11.1 million), sales were up 4.5% or $30.7 million. By end market, we saw strong demand in aerospace, oil and gas, and food and biopharmaceuticals, as well as firm domestic demand in general industrial markets, offset in part by continued weakness in commercial vehicle OEM demand in North America and slow industrial markets internationally. Overall, higher volumes and strategic pricing initiatives equally contributed to sales growth for the year.

Segment AEBITDA of $240.7 million in 2025 increased 7.4% from $224.1 million in 2024. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 32.6% in 2024 to 32.9% in 2025. Excluding the favorable foreign exchange translation ($0.6 million) and the contribution from recently acquired businesses ($3.5 million), Adjusted Segment EBITDA increased 5.6%, or $12.5 million. The increase in Segment AEBITDA was driven primarily by the the volume and strategic pricing initiatives ($28.8 million), partially offset by material costs and mix headwinds ($3.8 million), unfavorable transactional F/X ($3.7 million) and higher selling, general, and administrative costs ($4.1 million) supporting growth initiatives, and increased payroll and benefits expenses.

Advanced Surface Technologies . Sales of $411.6 million in 2025 reflect a 13.6% increase compared to $362.2 million in 2024. Solutions serving leading-edge applications and some improvement in overall semiconductor capital equipment demand, amidst a choppy demand environment, drove the improvement.

Segment AEBITDA of $83.9 million in 2025 increased 9.2% from $76.7 million in 2024. Segment AEBITDA margin narrowed slightly from 21.2% in 2024 to 20.4% in 2025. The $7.1 million increase in segment AEBITDA was driven by higher volume ($28.4 million) partially offset by labor and benefits expenses ($11.3 million), largely in support of growth initiatives, material costs and mix headwinds ($6.6 million), unfavorable transactional foreign exchange ($2.0 million), and other expenses, including freight and incentives ($2.7 million).

Corporate expenses for 2025 increased $1.4 million as compared to 2024. The increase was driven primarily by increased medical costs offset in part by a decrease in share-price-based long-term incentive compensation expenses and lower professional fees.

Interest expense, net in 2025 decreased by $6.3 million as compared to 2024 primarily driven by lower average outstanding debt, as well as lower interest rates on variable rate debt.

Other expense, net in 2025 decreased by $4.8 million as compared to 2024, primarily due to the 2025 recovery of a reserve taken in 2024 on a long-term promissory note that was received in partial consideration for the sale of a non-strategic business in 2020 ($9.0 million) and decreased foreign exchange losses related to an intercompany note denominated in Euros which settled in the first quarter of 2025 ($1.3 million), offset in part by higher non-service pension related costs ($2.5 million),

a loss incurred on the extinguishment of debt ($1.7 million), and increased costs related to previously divested businesses ($0.9 million).

In the second quarter of 2024, Enpro initiated a plan to terminate and settle its remaining defined benefit pension plan in the United States. The termination and settlement process for this frozen plan, which preserves retirement benefits due to participants but changes the ultimate payor of such benefits, was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2025.

As a result of the plan termination, Enpro recorded a pretax, noncash settlement loss of $67.2 million in other nonoperating expense in our consolidated statement of operations in the fourth quarter of 2025. The loss was driven primarily by the recognition of actuarial losses previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated balance sheet.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $17.1 million in 2025 and $21.5 million in 2024. The effective tax rates for 2025 and 2024 were 29.6% and 22.8% respectively. The effective tax rate for 2025 is higher than the U.S. federal tax rate primarily due to higher tax rates in most foreign jurisdictions, partially offset by the favorable impact of tax credits. The effect of these items resulted in a net 6.3% increase in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, or $3.7 million additional income tax expense. In 2025 we had a decrease in tax expense relative to 2024, primarily driven by lower pre-tax income principally due to the pension plan settlement loss.

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. was $40.5 million, or $1.92 per share, in 2025 compared to income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. of $72.9 million, or $3.48 per share, in 2024.

2024 Compared to 2023

For a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2023, see "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025.

Restructuring and Other Costs

We incurred $2.5 million, $6.2 million and $5.0 million of restructuring and impairment costs during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In 2023, we incurred a goodwill impairment charge of $60.8 million related to the Alluxa reporting unit.

Of the restructuring and impairment costs incurred in 2025, 2024 and 2023, we incurred $2.5 million, $2.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, of restructuring costs related to the reorganization of sites and functions, primarily in the United States and $3.4 million, and $0.7 million, in 2024 and 2023, respectively, of non-cash impairment charges of long-lived assets. Workforce reductions associated with our restructuring activities in 2025, 2024, and 2023 totaled 35, 77, and 72 administrative and manufacturing positions, respectively.

Please see the " Overview " section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash requirements for, but not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and debt repayments have been funded from cash balances on hand, revolver borrowings and cash generated from operations. We are proactively pursuing acquisition opportunities. Should we need additional capital, we have resources available, which are discussed in this section under the heading “Capital Resources.”

As of December 31, 2025, we held $16.6 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States and $101.5 million of cash and highly liquid short-term investments outside of the United States. If the funds held outside the United States were needed for our operations in the U.S., we have several methods to repatriate such funds without significant adverse tax effects, including repayment of intercompany loans, distributions subject to a 100 percent dividends-received deduction for income tax purposes, or distributions of previously-taxed earnings.

Because of the transition tax, GILTI, and Subpart F provisions, undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries have already been subjected to U.S. income tax or are eligible for the 100 percent dividends-received deduction under Section 245A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"). We do not intend to distribute foreign earnings that will be subject to any significant incremental U.S. or foreign tax. During 2025, we repatriated $306.2 million of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in only $0.4 million of withholding taxes. We have determined that estimating any tax liability on our investment in foreign

subsidiaries is not practicable. Therefore, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

Cash Flows

Operating activities of continuing operations provided cash in the amount of $201.2 million, $162.9 million and $208.4 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in operating cash flows in 2025 versus 2024 was primarily attributable to the increase in revenue and operating income and lower net cash payments for interest. The decrease in operating cash flows in 2024 versus 2023 was primarily attributable the decline in revenue, timing of working capital, and payments related to short-term operating liabilities, as well as $18.9 million of additional tax payments made in 2024.

Investing activities of continuing operations used $316.9 million,$241.5 million , and $7.4 million of cash in 2025, 2024, and 2023. Investing activities in 2025 used cash primarily for the acquisitions of Overlook and AlpHa ($273.9 million) and investments in property, plant, and equipment ($42.0 million). Investing activities in 2024 used cash primarily for the acquisition of AMI ($209.4 million) and investments in property, plant, and equipment ($29.1 million). Investing activities in 2023 used cash primarily for investments in property, plant, and equipment ($33.9 million), partially offset by proceeds of the sale of businesses, principally the sale of GPT ($25.9 million).

Financing activities of continuing operations used $17.4 million in cash in 2025, as $26.2 million of dividend payments were offset in part by the proceeds from the issuance of our $450 million senior notes and from borrowings on our revolving credit facility net of repayments of our previously outstanding $350 million senior notes and of our term loan facility. See below for further details. Financing activities of continuing operations used $50.5 million in 2024 primarily attributable to the acquisition of non-controlling interests, primarily for the acquisition of the Alluxa non-controlling interests ($18.3 million), net repayments of debt ($8.1 million) and dividend payments ($25.3 million). Financing activities used $170.9 million in 2023, primarily attributable to payments on our term loan facilities in place during that year ($144.9 million), and by dividend payments ($24.3 million).

Capital Resources

Senior Secured Credit Facilities. On April 9, 2025, we entered into a Second Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 9, 2025 (the “Amended Credit Facility Agreement”) among the Company and our subsidiary, EnPro Holdings, Inc. ("EnPro Holdings"), as borrowers, certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, as designated borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. The Amended Credit Facility Agreement amended the agreement then governing our senior secured credit facilities and provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $800.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which will mature on April 9, 2030. On April 9, 2025, in connection with our entry into the Amended Credit Facility Agreement, we repaid the remaining outstanding principal amount of term loan borrowings outstanding under the agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities prior to such amendment, funded by borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and $59.8 million of available cash.

The Amended Credit Facility Agreement provides that we may seek incremental term loans and/or additional revolving credit commitments in an amount equal to the greater of $275.0 million and 100% of consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended four-quarter period for which we have reported financial results, plus additional amounts based on a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio. Any incremental term loans will be subject to prepayment with the net cash proceeds of non-permitted debt issuances and with the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales and casualty or condemnation events not reinvested in our business or applied to prepay such term loans within a specified period. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, at our option, bear interest at either (1) an alternate base rate (the highest of (a) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of Bank of America, N.A., and (c) the one-month Term SOFR rate plus 1.00%) or (2) the Term SOFR rate for the applicable interest period plus, in each case, an applicable margin percentage, which initially is 1.375% for Term SOFR borrowings and 0.375% for alternate base rate borrowings and is subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, a commitment fee accrues with respect to the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at an annual rate of 0.175% initially, which rate is also subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio.

Enpro Inc. and EnPro Holdings are the permitted borrowers under the Amended Credit Facility Agreement. We have the ability to add wholly owned foreign subsidiaries as borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility. Each of our domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain exclusions) is required to guarantee the obligations of the borrowers under the Amended Credit Facility Agreement and, subject to the permitted exceptions, each of the Company’s existing domestic subsidiaries has entered into the Amended Credit Facility Agreement to provide such a guarantee.

Collateral. Borrowings under the Amended Credit Facility Agreement are secured by a first priority pledge of the following assets:

• 100% of the capital stock of each domestic, consolidated subsidiary of Enpro Inc.;

• 65% of the capital stock of any first tier foreign subsidiary of Enpro Inc. and its domestic subsidiaries (subject to certain exclusions); and

• substantially all of the assets (including, without limitation, machinery and equipment, inventory and other goods, accounts receivable, bank accounts, general intangibles, financial assets, investment property, license rights, patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, chattel paper, insurance proceeds, contract rights, hedge agreements, documents, instruments, indemnification rights, tax refunds and cash, but excluding real estate interests) of Enpro Inc. and the subsidiary guarantors.

Financial Covenants. The Amended Credit Facility Agreement contains certain financial covenants and required financial ratios, including:

• a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.0 to 1.0 (with total debt, for the purposes of such ratio, to be net of unrestricted cash of Enpro Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries), which ratio may be increased (up to three times) at the borrowers’ option to not more than 4.5 to 1.0 for the four-quarter period following a significant acquisition; and

• a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0.

Affirmative and Negative Covenants . The Amended Credit Facility Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants (subject, in each case, to customary exceptions and qualifications), including covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:

•          grant liens on our assets;

• incur additional indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent obligations);

• make certain investments (including loans and advances);

• merge or make other fundamental changes;

• sell or otherwise dispose of property or assets;

• pay dividends and other distributions and prepay certain indebtedness;

• make changes in the nature of our business;

• enter into transactions with our affiliates;

• enter into burdensome contracts; and

• modify or terminate documents related to certain indebtedness.

Events of Default . The Amended Credit Facility Agreement contains events of default including, but not limited to, nonpayment of principal or interest, violation of covenants, breaches of representations and warranties, cross-default to other debt, bankruptcy and other insolvency events, material judgments, certain ERISA events, actual or asserted invalidity of loan documentation, certain changes of control of Enpro Inc. and the invalidity of subordination provisions of subordinated indebtedness.

We were in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2025. The borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2025 was $580.6 million after giving consideration to $9.4 million of outstanding letters of credit and $210.0 million of outstanding borrowings.

Senior Notes. On May 29, 2025, we completed the offering of $450 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6.125% Senior Notes due 2033 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were issued to investors at 100% of the principal amount thereof. The Senior Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Enpro Inc. and mature on June 1, 2033. Interest on the Senior Notes accrues at a rate of 6.125% per annum and is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2025. The Senior Notes are required to be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by

each of Enpro’s existing and future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under, or guarantees, our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility or guarantees any other Capital Markets Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes) of Enpro or any of the guarantors above a specified threshold. We may, on any one or more occasions, redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants that restrict our ability, subject to specified exceptions and qualifications set forth in the indenture, to incur liens on assets, engage in certain asset sales, including sale and leaseback transactions, and merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of all or substantially all assets. The indenture further requires us to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, in the event that the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales are not reinvested in acquisitions, capital expenditures, or used to repay or otherwise reduce specified indebtedness within a specified period, to the extent the remaining net proceeds exceed a specified amount.

Each holder of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase some or all of the Senior Notes held by such holder for cash upon the occurrence of a defined “change of control” event. Our ability to redeem the Senior Notes prior to maturity is subject to certain conditions, including in certain cases the payment of make-whole amounts.

We applied a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the Senior Notes to fund the redemption on June 12, 2025 of all of our outstanding 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (having an aggregate principal amount of $350 million) at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued but unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.

Contractual Obligations

A summary of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2025 is as follows:

Payments Due by Period (in millions)

Total

Less than

1 Year

Years

Years

More than

5 Years

Long-term debt

Interest on debt

Operating leases

Environmental liabilities

Total

The payments for long-term debt shown in the table above reflect the contractual principal amount for the Senior Notes. In our Consolidated Balance Sheet, these amounts are shown net of an unamortized debt discount of $5.4 million. Additional discussion regarding the Senior Notes and Amended Credit Agreement is included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources,” and in Note 11 , "Debt," to the consolidated financial statements. The interest on debt represents the contractual interest coupon. It does not include the debt discount accretion, which also is a component of interest expense.

The estimated payments of environmental liabilities is based on information currently known to us. However, it is possible that these estimates will vary from actual results and it is possible that these estimates may be updated if new information becomes available in the future or if there are changes in the facts and circumstances related to these liabilities. Additional discussion regarding these liabilities is included earlier in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Contingencies – Environmental" and "Contingencies – Crucible Steel Corporation a/k/a Crucible, Inc.,” and in Note 19 , "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements.

The table does not include obligations under our pension plans, which is included in Note 14 , "Pension," to the consolidated financial statements.

Share Repurchase Program

Enpro’s board of directors approved a two-year share repurchase authorization in October 2024, replacing the previous $50.0 million authorization that expired in October 2024. No shares were purchased under the prior repurchase program. Under the replacement authorization, which, other than the expiration date, is identical to the prior authorization, the Company may repurchase up to $50.0 million of shares in both open market and privately negotiated transactions. The Company’s management is authorized to determine the timing and amount of any such repurchases based on its evaluation of market

conditions, capital alternatives, and other factors. Repurchases may also be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans, which could result in the repurchase of shares during periods when the Company otherwise would be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws.

Dividends

On January 13, 2015, our board of directors adopted a policy under which it intends to declare regular quarterly cash dividends on Enpro’s common stock, with the determination of whether to declare a dividend and the amount being considered each quarter, after taking into account our cash flow, earnings, cash position, financial position and other relevant matters. On February 13, 2025, we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.31 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 19, 2025 to all shareholders of record as of March 5, 2025. Quarterly dividends paid in 2024 and 2023 were $0.30 and $0.29 per share, respectively. On February 13, 2026 we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.32 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 18, 2026 to all shareholders of record as of March 5, 2025

Each of the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants restricting the payment of dividends, but includes a basket permitting the payment of cash dividends of up to $50.0 million per year under the Credit Agreement and $60.0 million per year under the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Other baskets may be available under that the agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes to permit the payment of dividends in excess of the respective basket amount.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures pertaining to contingent assets and liabilities. Note 1 , “Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements and recently issued accounting guidance. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, restructuring, pensions, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical. Some of them involve significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to annual impairment testing that is conducted each calendar year in the fourth quarter. Our annual impairment testing for all of our intangible assets is November 1 of each year.

The goodwill asset impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Interim tests during the year may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change (a "triggering event") that in management's judgment would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its’ carrying amount.

To estimate the fair value of the four of our five reporting units with goodwill balances remaining, we use both a discounted cash flow and a market valuation approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses cash flow projections and a discount rate to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit while the market approach relies on market multiples of similar companies. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the discount and tax rates. For the market approach, we select a group of peer companies that we believe are best representative of each reporting unit. We used a 75% weighting for the discounted cash flow valuation approach and a 25% weighting for the market valuation approach, reflecting our belief that the discounted cash flow valuation approach is a better indicator of a reporting unit's value since it reflects the specific cash flows anticipated to be generated in the future by the business.

In the second quarter of 2023, we determined the lower than previously projected actual and forecasted financial performance of our Alluxa reporting unit to be a triggering event for an interim goodwill impairment test. We determined the carrying value of our Alluxa reporting unit to exceed its fair value and, as a result, we impaired the remaining $60.8 million of

goodwill related to Alluxa. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 reflects no goodwill related to Alluxa.

The fair value of our semiconductor reporting unit, included in the Advanced Surface Technologies segment significantly exceeded its carrying value as of November 1, 2025. All annual impairment tests of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit performed during the 3-years ended December 31, 2025 indicated there was no impairment of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit.

The fair value of the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment all exceeded their respective carrying values as of November 1, 2025. All annual impairment tests of goodwill for these reporting units performed during the 3-years ended December 31, 2025 indicated there was no impairment of goodwill for the reporting units.

Annual assessments are conducted in the context of information that was reasonably available to us as of the date of the assessment including our best estimates of future sales volumes and prices; material and labor cost and availability; operational efficiency including the impact of projected capital asset additions, and the discount rates and tax rates. We will perform our next annual goodwill impairment tests as of November 1, 2026; or earlier, if adverse changes in circumstances result in our assessment that a triggering event has occurred at any of our reporting units and an interim test is required.

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost or, when acquired as a part of a business combination, at estimated fair value. These assets include customer relationships, patents and other technology-related assets, trademarks, licenses, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets that have definite lives are amortized using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed or the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 1 to 21 years.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist primarily of trade names and future products that were in development at the time of the acquisition of AMI in January 2024, are subject to at least annual impairment testing. The impairment testing for the indefinite lived trade names compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount using the relief from royalty method. Key assumptions used in the relief from royalty method are projected revenues and royalty, discount, tax, and terminal growth rates. Impairment testing for these assets were conducted as of November 1 in 2025, 2024 and 2023 and indicated no impairment. Impairment testing related to the future products that were in development at the time of the acquisition of AMI compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value using a multi-period excess earnings method. Key assumptions used in the excess earnings method are projected revenues and profit margins, obsolescence factors, and tax, discount, and long-term growth rates. This testing was conducted as of November 1, 2025 and 2024, the first testing period after the asset was acquired, and indicated no impairment. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value or change the useful life of the asset. For additional information regarding the acquisition of AMI, see “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview as well as Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes could result in future impairments. For additional information, see “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview ” as well as Notes 1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Combinations

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic acquisitions, most of which are material. We utilize the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet beginning on the acquisition date. We may evaluate these values and adjust our estimates up to one-year from the date the business was acquired.

We estimate the fair-value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination using various valuation methods that are appropriate for the specific business combination or the specific asset or liability being valued. Various techniques are used to determine the fair-value of intangible assets, which require judgement and often comprise a significant portion of total assets acquired in a business combination. We use the income approach to determine the fair-value of our intangible assets, primarily using the relief-from-royalty or multi-period excess earnings methods. Under these valuation approaches, we use key assumptions in valuing the assets, including projected revenues and profit margins, royalty rates, obsolescence factors, customer attrition rates, contributory asset charges, tax rates, discount rates and long-term growth rates. Any excess total consideration transferred in a business combination greater than the fair value of identifiable assets acquired net of liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill.

For additional information regarding our acquisitions, see “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview as well as Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental

Although we believe past operations were in substantial compliance with the then applicable regulations, we or one or more of our subsidiaries are involved with various remediation activities or an investigation to determine responsibility for environmental conditions at 19 sites.

Our policy is to accrue environmental investigation and remediation costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In general, due to uncertainties regarding, among other factors, changes to operating and monitoring requirements based on the ongoing performance of the remediation system and/or changes to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, we do not consider costs for remediation activities beyond five years to be reasonably estimable. To the extent that capital costs to be incurred more than five years out, such as costs for the construction or decommissioning of remediation systems, can be reasonably estimated such costs are included in our environmental reserves. For sites with multiple future projected cost scenarios for identified feasible investigation and remediation options where no one estimate is more likely than all the others, our policy is to accrue the lowest estimate among the range of estimates. The measurement of our liability is based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual situation and takes into consideration factors such as existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations and prior experience in the remediation of similar contaminated sites. Liabilities are established for all sites based on these factors. As assessments and remediation progress at individual sites, these liabilities are reviewed and adjusted to reflect additional technical data and legal information. Given the uncertainties regarding the status of laws, regulations, enforcement policies, the impact of other parties potentially being fully or partially liable, technology and information related to individual sites, we do not believe it is possible to develop an estimate of the range of reasonably possible environmental loss in excess of our recorded liabilities.

We believe that our accruals for specific environmental liabilities are adequate based on currently available information. Based upon limited information regarding any incremental remediation or other actions that may be required at these sites, we cannot estimate any further loss or a reasonably possible range of loss related to these matters. Actual costs to be incurred in future periods may vary from estimates because of the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures due to unknown and changing conditions, changing government regulations and legal standards regarding liability.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Temporary differences arising between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are used to calculate future income tax assets or liabilities. This method also requires the recognition of deferred tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income (losses) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment of the change. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on its technical merits. If the recognition threshold for the tax position is met, only the portion of the tax benefit that we believe is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized is recorded. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, statute expirations, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements, changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income, future tax planning strategies, or other relevant events.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project - Pillar 2

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15%, referred to as Pillar Two, effective for tax years beginning in 2024. While it is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt Pillar Two, certain countries in which we operate have enacted legislation to adopt Pillar Two. The adoption of Pillar Two had no impact on our income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 and we expect there to be a minimal impact, if any, in subsequent years. Any impact would be accounted for as a period cost in the period in which it is incurred.

Impact of Pending Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 , "Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance," to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting guidance that we have not yet adopted.

Contingencies

A description of our contingencies is included in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures

We believe that it would be helpful to the readers of the financial statements to understand the impact of certain selected items on our reported income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. and diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, including items that may recur from time to time. Accordingly, we have included a discussion of adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., including on a per share basis, adjusted EBITDA and total adjusted segment EBITDA in this report, each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure. The items adjusted for in these non-GAAP financial measures are those that are excluded by management in budgeting or projecting for performance in future periods, as they typically relate to events specific to the period in which they occur. Accordingly, these are some of the factors the Company uses in internal evaluations of the overall performance of its businesses. In addition, management believes these non-GAAP financial measures are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate the Company’s operating performance and, when read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate the Company’s ongoing operations and performance from period to period. Management acknowledges that there are many items that impact a company’s reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

A reconciliation of (i) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., including on a per share basis, and (ii) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 as set forth below.

Reconciliation of Adjusted Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc .

Years Ended December 31,

(In Millions Except Per Share Amounts)

Average common shares outstanding, diluted

Per Share

Average common shares outstanding, diluted

Per Share

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Income tax expense

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Adjustments from selling, general, and administrative:

Acquisition expense

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets

Adjustments from other operating expense and cost of sales:

Restructuring and impairment expense, net

Amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory

Adjustments from other non-operating expense

Environmental reserve adjustments

Costs associated with previously disposed businesses

Pension expense (non-service cost)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Foreign exchange losses related to the divestiture of a discontinued operation

Long-term promissory note adjustment 1

Loss on pension settlement 2

Other adjustments

Other

Adjusted income from continuing operations before income taxes

Adjusted tax expense

Adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Restructuring and impairment expense, net in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2025, includes income related to gains on the sale of fixed assets as a result of restructuring actions.

Year Ended December 31,

(In Millions Except Per Share Amounts)

Average common shares outstanding, diluted

Per Share

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests

Income tax expense

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Adjustments from selling, general, and administrative:

Acquisition expense

Non-controlling interest compensation allocation

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets

Adjustments from other operating expense and cost of sales:

Restructuring and impairment expense

Adjustments from other non-operating expense

Environmental reserve adjustments

Costs associated with previously disposed businesses

Pension expense (non-service cost)

Goodwill impairment

Foreign exchange losses related to the divestiture of a discontinued operation

Other adjustments

Other

Adjusted income from continuing operations before income taxes

Adjusted tax expense

Income from redeemable non-controlling interest, net of taxes

Adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Adjustments in the tables above only reflect amounts attributable to Enpro Inc.

1 We received a long-term promissory note in connection to the sale of a divested business. As part of our regular review of the note, in the first quarter of 2024, we concluded a reserve was needed for expected future credit losses. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the obligor of the note refinanced all of its long-term debt, which led to the repayment of the note in full, and a recovery of the corresponding loss.

2 The termination and settlement process for our defined benefit pension plan in the United States was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2025, resulting in the recognition of a settlement loss to recognize actuarial losses previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated balance sheet.

3 Adjusted diluted earnings per share, which amounts were calculated by dividing by the weighted-average shares of diluted common stock outstanding during the periods.

The adjusted income tax expense presented above is calculated using a normalized company-wide effective tax rate excluding discrete items of 25.0%. Per share amounts were calculated by dividing by the weighted-average shares of diluted common stock outstanding during the periods.

Reconciliation of Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc. to Adjusted EBITDA

Years Ended December 31,

(In Millions)

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc.

Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests

Income from continuing operations

Adjustments to arrive at earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other selected items (" Adjusted EBITDA"):

Interest expense, net

Income tax expense

Depreciation and amortization expense

Restructuring and impairment expense, net

Environmental reserve adjustments

Costs associated with previously disposed businesses

Acquisition expense

Pension expense (non-service cost)

Non-controlling interest compensation allocations

Amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Goodwill impairment

Foreign exchange losses related to the divestiture of a discontinued operation

Long-term promissory note adjustment 1

Loss on pension settlement 2

Other

Adjusted EBITDA

Restructuring and impairment expense, net in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2025, includes income related to gains on the sale of fixed assets as a result of restructuring actions.

1 We received a long-term promissory note in connection to the sale of a divested business. As part of our regular review of the note, in the first quarter of 2024, we concluded a reserve was needed for expected future credit losses. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the obligor of the note refinanced all of its long-term debt, which led to the repayment of the note in full, and a recovery of the corresponding loss.

2 The termination and settlement process for our defined benefit pension plan in the United States was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2025, resulting in the recognition of a settlement loss to recognize actuarial losses previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated balance sheet.

Adjusted EBITDA as presented in the table above also represents the amount defined as "EBITDA" under the Indenture.

The reconciliation of income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to total adjusted segment EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is included in “— Results of Operations ."