AIDX 20/20 Biolabs, Inc. - 10-K

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully read and consider all of the risks described below, together with all of the other information contained or referred to in this report, before making an investment decision with respect to our securities. If any of the following events occur, our financial condition, business and results of operations (including cash flows) may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

With limited exceptions, we have incurred losses since our inception, and we expect to continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future.

While we achieved profitability in 2021 and 2022, such profitability was mainly a result of COVID-19 testing, which ceased in the second quarter of 2023. Prior to 2021, we incurred losses since inception. We have financed our operations through the sale of our securities, product revenues and government research grants and contracts. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain adequate financing that we may need, or that any such financing that may become available will be on terms that are favorable to us and our stockholders. Ultimately, our ability to generate sufficient operating revenue to earn a profit depends upon our success in developing and marketing or licensing our diagnostic tests and technology. Any failure to do so could result in the possible closure of our business or force us to seek additional capital through loans or additional sales of our equity securities to continue business operations, which could dilute the value of any securities you hold, or could result in the loss of your entire investment.

We have incurred recent operating losses, which management anticipates may continue in the near term. To support ongoing operations and liquidity needs, subsequent to December 31, 2025 we have raised additional funding through a private placement of $5 million and convertible debt and bridge financing of $275,000. In addition, we have conducted a direct listing on Nasdaq as part of our capital-raising and strategic growth initiatives. Although management believes that the direct listing may enhance our access to public capital markets, there can be no assurance that such a transaction will be completed or that it will generate sufficient liquidity to fund operations.

Our company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon achieving continued revenue growth that exceeds spending increases, a trend that was achieved in 2025, with continued financial support from external financing to provide the necessary liquidity to meet its obligations as needed. Management believes that additional external financing can be obtained, including potential proceeds from other equity or debt financings. However, there can be no assurance of the success, timing, or terms of any future capital-raising activities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our stockholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in our company.

Our success will depend heavily on our cancer screening and longevity tests.

The bulk of our revenues depends almost entirely on the commercial success of our cancer tests unless we can also develop or acquire new tests for other diseases or chronic conditions. The commercial success and our ability to generate revenues will depend on a variety of factors, including the following:

competitive advantages

patient acceptance of and demand for our tests;

acceptance in the medical community;

successful sales, marketing, and educational programs, including successful direct-to-patient marketing such as online advertising;

the amount and nature of competition from other multi- cancer screening products and procedures;

the ease of use of our ordering process for physicians;

maintaining and defending patent protection of our intellectual property; and

our ability to establish and maintain adequate commercial manufacturing, distribution, sales and CLIA laboratory testing capabilities.

If we are unable to develop and maintain substantial sales of our tests or if we are significantly delayed or limited in doing so, our business prospects, financial condition and results of operation will be adversely affected.

We will need to attract additional capital to scale our business but have no assurance that we can do so successfully.

We will be incurring significant sales and marketing costs as we commercialize and scale up our diagnostic test products. We will need to raise additional capital to pay operating expenses until we are able to generate sufficient revenues from diagnostic test sales, royalties, and license fees, and we will need to sell additional equity or debt securities to meet those capital needs. Our ability to raise additional equity or debt capital will depend not only on progress made marketing and selling our diagnostic tests, but also will depend on access to capital and conditions in the capital markets. There is no assurance that we will be able to raise capital at times and in amounts needed to finance the development and commercialization of our diagnostic tests, maintenance of our CLIA certified diagnostic laboratory, and general operations. Even if capital is available, it may not be available on terms that we or our stockholders would consider favorable. Furthermore, sales of additional equity securities could result in the dilution of the interests of our stockholders.

We will spend a substantial amount of our capital on test validation, biomarker and data acquisitions, data analytics and algorithm development, but our products might not succeed in gaining widespread market acceptance.

We have developed and will continually refine new biomarker test panels and associated algorithms. The main focus of these products is on early detection of cancer. Our technologies may not prove to be sufficiently efficacious or medically useful to gain widespread adoption or market share. The diagnostics tests and software that we have introduced to the market to date have not yet generated significant revenues. Without diagnostic test sales or licensing fee revenues, we will not be able to operate at a profit, and we will not be able to cover our operating expenses without raising additional capital.

Medical organizations, physicians and employers may be reluctant to try a new diagnostic test due to the high degree of risk associated with the application of new technologies and diagnostic tests in the field of human medicine, especially if the new test differs from the current standard of care for detecting cancer in patients. Competing tests for the screening or initial diagnosis of cancer are being developed by more established and significantly better-financed diagnostics or biotech companies, and academic laboratories.

There also is a risk that our competitors may succeed in developing more accurate or more cost-effective diagnostic tests that could render our diagnostic tests and technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. Even if our tests are technically superior, we may not be able to differentiate our products sufficiently from our competition.

The success of our diagnostic tests depends on the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, government agencies and others who influence medical decision making.

The value of our diagnostic products is thus far proven mainly with real world evidence, rather than traditional clinical trials; and there is no assurance that real world evidence will gain wide acceptance by the medical establishment or regulators in the countries in which we conduct business. Also, there is no assurance that data derived from East Asia will be accepted in Western nations and generating data from Western populations could be time consuming and expensive. The value of machine learning and AI in our algorithms is novel, not entirely proven, and might not be widely embraced by the medical establishment or regulators in the countries in which we conduct business.

Our diagnostics tests may not gain market acceptance by physicians and others in the medical community. The degree of market acceptance of our tests will depend on a number of factors, including:

demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for detecting cancers;

price;

the availability and attractiveness of alternative screening methods;

the willingness of physicians to recommend or prescribe our tests;

the ease of use of our ordering process for physicians; and

evidence that our tests confer a mortality benefit rather than merely shifting the stage of cancer at time of diagnosis.

If our diagnostics tests do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate the substantial revenues we need to generate to remain profitable.

We are expecting patient self-pay to constitute a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future and this revenue growth is contingent upon individuals’ willingness to pay out of pocket for our diagnostic tests.

We expect that a substantial portion of the patients for whom we will perform diagnostic tests will have Medicare as their primary medical insurance. Medicare coverage is not expected for several years. Patients who are not covered by Medicare will generally rely on health insurance provided by private health insurance companies. If we are considered a “non-contracted provider” by a third-party payer, that payer may not reimburse patients for diagnostic tests performed by us or doctors within the payer’s network of covered physicians may not use our services to perform diagnostic tests for their patients. As a result, we may need to enter into contracts with health insurance companies or other private payers to provide diagnostic tests to their insured patients at specified rates of reimbursement which may be lower than the rates we might otherwise collect.

Until our diagnostic tests are covered by Medicare or private insurance, we expect that self-pay will constitute a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. This revenue growth will be contingent on individuals’ willingness to pay out of pocket for our diagnostic tests.

The commercial potential of our longevity test is unknown and unproven.

While OneTest for Cancer has been on the market for several years, OneTest for Longevity remains in final development and has not yet been widely offered for sale or utilized outside of our organization. We do not know the costs of customer acquisition or whether the test will be embraced by the market. Despite the emphasis on chronic disease mitigation by the Secretary of HHS, we have no evidence that our test would ever be reimbursed or otherwise recommended by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or the CMS, or any of the agencies that make up HHS. Our plans to introduce a subscription model may fail to be embraced by the marketplace and, if it is, we do not yet know what monthly or quarterly fee most consumers would be willing to pay. Our employer facing version of this test—OneTest for Workplace Wellness—might not get uptake by self-insured employers nor is it certain that it will generate enough return on investment to be a recurring purchase from these customers. The fact that we do not currently sell tests to large, self-insured employers provides sales and marketing risks.

The interface between the DII and our laboratory information system has not yet been implemented.

An important feature of OneTest for Longevity is the interface between the DII and our laboratory reports. A laboratory version of the DII for this purpose remains in the final stage of development by the team from CHI. We cannot guarantee that it will be ready in time for our product launch or that it will function through our portal and laboratory information system without technical issues.

The viability of offering automated, tailored coupons for grocery purchases is untested and unproven by us.

Part of our value proposition to consumers and revenue model for OneTest for Longevity includes automated coupons delivered to the customers’ mobile app for the foods recommended for them to lower inflammation. This concept remains mere conjecture at this stage, and we do not know whether food suppliers would be willing to share revenues with us when their coupons are redeemed, nor do we know how consumers will view this feature and what percentage will redeem the coupons.

Our CLIAx and CLIAx fund might not contribute to our growth.

Part of our growth strategy is to create a fund associated with our CLIAx. This would enable us to invest in, acquire, or transact with companies that have tests that could add to our menu or technologies, products, testing components or intellectual property that strengthen our core business. We have identified a few companies that could be candidates for this CLIAx fund but have no agreements or letters of intent with any of them. Thus, there is no guarantee that we can identify or reach agreement in the near term with any such companies to meaningfully contribute to inorganic growth.

We face substantial competition.

The development and commercialization of diagnostics tests, especially MCEDs, is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological advances. We face competition with respect to our current products and any product candidates we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Our competitors may develop comparable tests that are safer, more effective, more convenient or less costly than any products that we may develop or market or may obtain marketing approval for their products from the FDA or equivalent foreign regulatory bodies more rapidly than we may obtain approval for our product candidates. Our competitors may devote greater resources to market or sell their tests, research and development capabilities, adapt more quickly to new technologies, scientific advances or patient preferences and needs, initiate or withstand substantial price competition more successfully, or more effectively negotiate third-party licensing and collaborative arrangements. As a result, physicians and other key healthcare decision makers may choose other products over our products, switch from our products to new products or choose to use our products only in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Regarding our longevity test, we face many competitors that assess pathways of aging other than inflammation such as telomere length, methylation, microbiome, and others. Furthermore, many labs can test for C-reactive protein, the most important biomarker of inflammation. If consumers do not value the proprietary DII or grocery coupon components of our test, they may seek out alternative testing providers.

If our diagnostics tests do not perform as expected, are misused or misinterpreted, or the reliability of the technology is questioned, we could experience delayed or reduced market acceptance of the tests, increased costs and damage to our reputation. False positives or false negatives could cause harm to patients and could result in action taken against our company.

Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high-quality diagnostic tests. We believe that customers are likely to be particularly sensitive to product defects and errors. Our reputation and the public image of our diagnostic tests may be impaired if they fail to perform as expected or are perceived as difficult to use. Despite clinical verification studies, quality control and quality assurance testing, defects or errors could occur with tests.

In the future, if our diagnostic tests experience a material defect or error, this could result in loss or delay of revenues, delayed market acceptance, damaged reputation, diversion of development resources, legal claims, increased insurance costs or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could harm our business. Such defects or errors could also prompt us to amend certain warning labels or narrow the scope of the use of our diagnostic tests, either of which could hinder our success in the market. Even after any underlying concerns or problems are resolved, any widespread concerns regarding our technology or any manufacturing defects or performance errors in the test could result in lost revenue, delayed market acceptance, damaged reputation, increased service and warranty costs and claims against us.

Our inability to manage growth could harm our business.

We have added, and expect to continue to add, additional personnel in the areas of sales and marketing, laboratory operations, billing and collections, quality assurance and compliance. As we build our commercialization efforts and expand research and development activities, the scope and complexity of our operations is increasing significantly. As a result of our growth, our operating expenses and capital requirements have also increased, and we expect that they will continue to increase, significantly. Our ability to manage our growth effectively requires us to forecast expenses accurately, and to properly forecast and expand operational and testing facilities, if necessary, to expend funds to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. As we move forward with commercializing our tests, we will also need to effectively manage our growing manufacturing, laboratory operations and sales and marketing needs. If we are unable to manage our anticipated growth effectively, our business could be harmed.

We currently manufacture our tests predominantly in one facility and perform our testing in one laboratory facility. As demand for our tests grows, we may lack adequate facility space and capabilities to meet increased processing requirements. Moreover, if these or any future facilities or our equipment were damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in our operations for any reason, our ability to continue to operate our business could be materially harmed.

We currently perform testing in a single laboratory facility in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Our headquarters and manufacturing facilities are also located in Maryland. As we expand sales and increase the number of tests processed by our laboratory facility, we may need to expand or modify our existing laboratory facility or acquire new laboratory facilities to increase our processing capacity. Any failure to do so on terms acceptable to us, if at all, may significantly delay our processing times and capabilities, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operation.

If these, or any future facilities, were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise unable to operate, whether due to fire, floods, storms, tornadoes, other inclement weather events or natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, power outages, or otherwise, our business could be severely disrupted. If our laboratory is disrupted, we may not be able to perform testing or generate test reports as promptly as patients and healthcare providers require or expect, or possibly not at all. If we are unable to perform testing or generate test reports within a timeframe that meets patient and healthcare provider expectations, our business, financial results, and reputation could be materially harmed.

We currently maintain insurance against damage to our property and equipment and against business interruption and research and development restoration expenses, subject to deductibles and other limitations. If we have underestimated our insurance needs with respect to an interruption, or if an interruption is not subject to coverage under our insurance policies, we may not be able to cover our losses.

There are a limited number of manufacturers of molecular diagnostic equipment and related chemical reagents necessary for the provision of our diagnostic tests.

The test panels and algorithms that we have developed and will continue to develop rely on certain analytic equipment. There are only a few manufacturers of the equipment we will need and the chemical reagents that are required for use with a particular manufacturer’s equipment will be available only from that equipment manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the equipment we acquire discontinues operation or if we and other testing laboratories experience supply or quality issues with their equipment or reagents, it may become necessary for us to adjust our products for different analytic equipment, which would require additional experiments to ensure reproducibility of our test results using the new equipment. As a result, we may be unable to provide our diagnostic products for a period of time.

Our suppliers may experience development or manufacturing problems or delays that could limit the growth of our revenue or increase our losses.

We may encounter unforeseen situations in the manufacturing of our diagnostic tests that could result in delays or shortfalls in production. Suppliers may also face similar delays or shortfalls. In addition, suppliers’ production processes may have to change to accommodate any significant future expansion of manufacturing capacity, which may increase suppliers’ manufacturing costs, delay production of diagnostic tests, reduce our product gross margin and adversely impact our business. If we are unable to keep up with demand for tests by successfully securing supply and shipping our diagnostic tests in a timely manner, our revenue could be impaired, market acceptance for the tests could be adversely affected and our customers might instead purchase our competitors’ diagnostic tests.

To achieve widespread use of our diagnostic test and commercial scale, some individual consumers may need convenient access to blood draw services, but we cannot guarantee that these service providers will be willing to perform them.

Currently, some of those who use our tests prefer traditional venous blood collected by a licensed phlebotomist. While our business customers, such as employers, typically have little difficulty finding phlebotomists, this can be a challenge for many of our individual consumers. To address this need, we have about 1,000 retail establishments that can draw blood for our test customers. These establishments perform these services based on contracts we have with the companies Any Lab Test Now and My One Medical Source. If those contracts were to terminate or expire or if they are unable to maintain their franchisees or networks of clinics willing to draw blood, this could limit our ability to serve our customers and grow.

Our capillary blood collection devices are manufactured by other companies, and we cannot guarantee that we will have a continued supply of these devices or that the costs for them will not rise significantly.

Since we began validating and offering capillary (upper arm) blood collection, about two-thirds of our customers have elected that approach over traditional venipuncture with high success and satisfaction rates. Currently, there are only three or four manufacturers with FDA cleared upper arm collection devices and not all reliably collect the required 0.5ml of whole blood needed for our cancer MCED. Thus, if these collection device suppliers go out of business, experience supply chain disruptions, or substantially raise their prices, this could significantly disrupt our business operations.

We have limited sales and marketing resources and few distribution resources for the commercialization of any diagnostic tests that we have developed.

We currently have limited sales and marketing resources. If we are successful in developing marketable diagnostic tests, we will need to build our own marketing and sales capability, which would require the investment of significant financial and management resources to recruit, train, and manage a sales force.

The sizes of the markets for our diagnostic tests and services and any future diagnostic tests and services may be smaller than we estimate and may decline.

Our estimates of the annual total addressable market for our diagnostic tests and services are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates and assumptions, including, without limitation, the assumed prices at which we can sell our diagnostic tests and services in the market. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable market for our diagnostic tests and services in different market segments may prove to be incorrect. If the actual number of patients who would benefit from our diagnostic tests, the price at which we can sell them or the annual total addressable market for them is smaller than we have estimated, it may impair our sales growth and negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to enter into and maintain successful strategic alliances for diagnostic tests that we elect to co-develop, co-market, or out-license, we may have to reduce or delay our diagnostic test development or increase our expenditures.

To facilitate the development, manufacture, and commercialization of our diagnostic tests we may enter into strategic alliances with hospitals and biomedical research institutes, biotechnology and diagnostics companies, clinical testing reference laboratories, and marketing firms in many of the countries in which we do business. We will face significant competition in seeking appropriate alliances. We may not be able to negotiate alliances on acceptable terms, if at all. If we fail to create and maintain suitable alliances, we may have to limit the size or scope of, or delay, one or more of our product development or research programs, or we may have to increase our expenditures and may need to obtain additional funding, which may be unavailable or available only on unfavorable terms.

In some countries we may license marketing rights to diagnostics or clinical laboratory companies or to a joint venture company formed with those companies. Under such arrangements we might receive only a royalty on sales of the diagnostic tests developed or an equity interest in a joint venture company that develops the diagnostic test. As a result, our revenues from the sale of those diagnostic tests may be substantially less than the amount of revenues and gross profits that we might receive if we were to market and run the diagnostic tests ourselves.

We may become dependent on possible future collaborations to develop and commercialize many of our diagnostic test candidates and to provide the manufacturing, regulatory compliance, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities required for the success of our business.

We may enter into various kinds of collaborative research and development, manufacturing, and diagnostic test marketing agreements to develop and commercialize our diagnostic tests. There is a risk that we could become dependent upon one or more collaborative arrangements. A collaborative arrangement, upon which we might depend might be terminated by our collaboration partner or they might determine not to actively pursue the co-development of our diagnostic tests. A collaboration partner also may not be precluded from independently pursuing competing diagnostic tests or technologies.

The success of our business is substantially dependent upon the efforts of our senior management team and our ability to attract additional personnel.

Our success depends largely on the skills, experience, and performance of key members of our senior management team who are critical to directing and managing our growth and development in the future. Our success is substantially dependent upon our senior management’s ability to lead our company, implement successful corporate strategies and initiatives, develop key relationships, including relationships with collaborators and business partners, and successfully commercialize products and services. While our management team has significant experience developing diagnostic products, we have considerably less experience in commercializing these products or services. The efforts of our management team will be critical for us as we develop our technologies and seek to commercialize our tests and other products and services.

Our success also depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain managerial personnel. Competition for desirable personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain the necessary staff. The failure to maintain management or to attract sales personnel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Certain jurisdictions in which we may do business may not provide the same level of legal protections and enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights to which investors are accustomed in the United States.

We may conduct business in China and other foreign jurisdictions. In order to do business in these countries, we will be required to comply with the laws of those countries, including restrictions on exporting currency, requirements for local partners, tax laws and other legal requirements. Doing business in such foreign jurisdictions also entails political risk over which we have no control and for which we are unable to obtain insurance on acceptable terms. These countries also have different judicial systems, which may not provide the same level of legal protections and enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights to which investors are accustomed in the United States. We can provide no assurance that the applicable laws of such foreign jurisdictions will not be changed in ways unfavorable to us, or that applicable laws will be adequately enforced in order to provide the same levels of protection accorded to us in the United States.

Adverse U.S. and global market, economic and political conditions, including the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, recent events in the Middle East and other events or circumstances beyond our control could have a material adverse effect on us.

Another economic or financial crisis or rapid decline of the consumer economy, significant concerns over energy costs, geopolitical issues, including the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, recent events in the Middle East, the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market, or a declining real estate market in the U.S. can contribute to increased volatility, diminished expectations for the economy and the markets, and high levels of structural unemployment by historical standards. Market, political and economic challenges, including dislocations and volatility in the credit markets, general global economic uncertainty, uncertainty or volatility from matters such as the implementation of the governing agenda of President Donald J. Trump, and changes in governmental policy on a variety of matters such as trade, tariffs and manufacturing policies may adversely affect the economy and financial markets, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our ability to pay distributions on, and the per share trading price of, our common stock.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the resulting global governmental responses, including international sanctions imposed on Russia and other countries that are supporting Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, have led to volatility in global markets, disruptions in the energy, agriculture and other industries and have created worldwide inflationary pressures. While the conflict has not caused material disruptions to our operations to date, further escalation of the war between Russia and Ukraine could result in a significant decline in global economic activities and impact our business.

The obligations associated with being a public company will require significant resources and management attention, and we will incur increased costs.

Prior to the completion of our direct listing in February 2026, we were required to publicly report on an ongoing basis under the reporting rules set forth in Regulation A of Section 3(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, for Tier 2 offerings. We are now required to publicly report on an ongoing basis under the reporting rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The ongoing reporting requirements under Regulation A are more relaxed than for public companies reporting under the Exchange Act. For instance, we were previously required to file only annual and semiannual reports. The reporting requirements of the Exchange Act require that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition, and proxy and other information statements. We must also comply with rules and regulations implemented by the SEC, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, each of which imposes additional reporting and other obligations on public companies.

We expect these rules and regulations, and any future changes in laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, which have created uncertainty for public companies, to increase legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming and costly. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases, due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. Our investment in compliance with existing and evolving regulatory requirements will result in increased administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective.

We will be required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the second annual report we file with the SEC. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. However, our auditors will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until we are no longer a non-accelerated filer, or no longer an emerging growth company if we take advantage of the exemptions available to us through the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act.

We are in the very early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and process documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. As we transition to the requirements of reporting as a public company, we may need to add additional finance staff. We may not be able to remediate any future material weaknesses, or to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our auditors are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls when they are required to issue such opinion, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could harm our stock price.

We have previously restated our financial statements and may be required to restate our financial statements in the future, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the trading price of our securities.

During the preparation of our financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we identified certain errors in the accounting for stock-based compensation expense related to vesting of stock option awards granted to certain employees and executives in 2024. Specifically, we calculated a 25% vesting of certain options at the end of year one instead of upon issuance of the stock option. These modifications resulted in additional stock-based compensation expense that was not properly recorded in the year ended December 31, 2024. As a result, we restated our previously issued financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. We continue to refine our accounting policies, procedures and systems but there can be no assurance that previously issued financial statements will not require further correction. If we discover new accounting errors or determine that additional adjustments are necessary, we may be obligated to restate our historical financial statements.

Restatements frequently provoke heightened scrutiny from the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, other federal or state regulatory authorities and Nasdaq. Regulatory inquiries or investigations typically consume significant management attention, require substantial legal and accounting expenditures, and may result in enforcement proceedings, monetary penalties or mandated changes to our governance and controls. Restatements also may result in litigation, including class actions and stockholder derivative suits, which can be costly to defend and, if resolved unfavorably, impose damages or injunctive relief that could restrict our operations. The announcement of a restatement may erode investor confidence in the reporting financial information, reduce trading liquidity and increase stock price volatility and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain and enforce patents and to protect our trade secrets, others could use our technology to compete with us, which could create undue competition and pricing pressures. There is no certainty that our pending or future patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or that our issued patents will be deemed enforceable.

The success of our business depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing patents and other proprietary rights of others. If the technology that we use infringes a patent held by others, we could be sued for monetary damages by the patent holder or its licensee, or we could be prevented from continuing research, development, and commercialization of diagnostic tests that rely on that technology, unless we are able to obtain a license to use the patent. The cost and availability of a license to a patent cannot be predicted, and the likelihood of obtaining a license at an acceptable cost would be lower if the patent holder or any of its licensees is using the patent to develop or market a diagnostic test with which our diagnostic test would compete. If we could not obtain a necessary license, we would need to develop or obtain rights to alternative technologies, which could prove costly and could cause delays in diagnostic test development, or we could be forced to discontinue the development or marketing of any diagnostic tests that were developed using the technology covered by the patent.

We have issued patents and patent applications pending worldwide that are owned by or exclusively licensed to us. We and our collaborators expect to continue to file and prosecute patent applications covering the products and technology that we commercialize. However, there is no assurance that any of our licensed patent applications, or any patent applications that we have filed or that we may file in the future in the United States or abroad, will result in the issuance of patents.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and enforce patents and maintain trade secrets in the United States and in other countries. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining and enforcing patents, our competitors could use our technology and create diagnostic tests that compete with our diagnostic tests, without paying license fees or royalties to us.

The relatively recent Supreme Court decisions in Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories , Inc. and Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int’l may adversely impact our ability to obtain strong patent protection for some or all of our diagnostic tests and associated algorithms.

The preparation, filing, and prosecution of patent applications can be costly and time consuming.

The preparation and filing of patent applications, and the maintenance of patents that are issued, may require substantial time and money. A patent interference proceeding may be instituted with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office when more than one-person files a patent application covering the same technology, or if someone wishes to challenge the validity of an issued patent. Furthermore, our limited financial resources may not permit us to pursue patent protection of all of our technology and diagnostic tests throughout the world, even where we have legally binding patent protection and trade secret rights. Even if we are able to obtain issued patents covering our technology or diagnostic tests, we may have to incur substantial legal fees and other expenses to enforce our patent rights in order to protect our technology and diagnostic tests from infringing uses. We may not have the financial resources to finance the litigation required to preserve our patent and trade secret rights.

Our patents may not protect our diagnostic tests from competition.

We might not be able to obtain any patents beyond those that have been issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and any patents that we do obtain might not be comprehensive enough to provide us with meaningful patent protection. There will always be a risk that our competitors might be able to successfully challenge the validity or enforceability of any patent issued to us.

If we fail to meet our obligations under various license, license option, and technology transfer agreements, we may lose our rights to key technologies or data sources on which our business depends.

Our business will depend on several critical technologies and data sources that have licenses from various domestic and overseas companies and research centers. Importantly, if we fail to meet our obligations under our technology access agreement with BioInfra, this would adversely impact our ability to introduce an enhanced or premium version of our MCED test. These and other license agreements typically impose obligations on us, including payment obligations and obligations to pursue development and commercialization of diagnostic tests under the licensed patents and technology. If licensors believe that we have failed to meet our obligations under a license agreement, they could seek to limit or terminate our license rights, which could lead to costly and time-consuming dispute resolution and, potentially, a loss of the licensed rights. During the period of any such litigation our ability to carry out the development and commercialization of potential diagnostic tests, and our ability to raise any capital that we might then need, could be significantly and negatively affected. If our license rights were restricted or ultimately lost, we would not be able to continue to use the licensed patents and technology in our business.

Risks Related to Healthcare Government Regulation, Reimbursement, Product Safety and Effectiveness

We have relied on and expect to continue to rely on third parties to conduct studies of our diagnostics tests that will be required to meet our obligations under CLIA, CAP and/or other regulatory authorities and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily.

We rely on third parties, such as academic, medical and commercial entities, to conduct studies for our diagnostics tests. These include, among others, the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan and BioInfra. Our reliance on these third parties will reduce our control over these activities. These third-party contractors may not complete activities on schedule or conduct studies in accordance with regulatory requirements or our study design. We cannot control whether they devote sufficient time, skill, and resources to our studies. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of any applicable requirement to prepare, and ensure compliance with, various procedures required under good scientific and clinical practices. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if the third parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to their failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements under the CLIA or the CAP, or for other reasons, our studies may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for additional diagnostic tests.

We must successfully maintain and/or upgrade our information technology systems, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We rely on various information technology systems to manage our operations. Recently, we have implemented, and we continue to implement, modifications and upgrades to such systems and acquired new systems with new functionality. These types of activities subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing and changing these systems, including impairment of our ability to fulfill customer orders, potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, retention of sufficiently skilled personnel to implement and operate the new systems, demands on management time and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to or integrating new systems into our current systems. These implementations, modifications and upgrades may not result in productivity improvements at a level that outweighs the costs of implementation, or at all. In addition, the difficulties with implementing new technology systems may cause disruptions in our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of system failures.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Such events could cause interruption of our operations. For example, the loss of data for our diagnostic test candidates could result in delays in our regulatory filings and development efforts and significantly increase our costs. To the extent that any disruption or security breach was to result in a loss of or damage to our data, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the development of our diagnostic test candidates could be delayed.

International operations could subject us to risks and expenses that could adversely impact the business and results of operations.

To date, we have not undertaken substantial commercial activities outside the United States. We have evaluated commercialization in Asian countries. If we seek to expand internationally, or launch other products or services internationally, in the future, those efforts would expose us to risks from the failure to comply with foreign laws and regulations that differ from those under which we operate in the U.S., as well as U.S. rules and regulations that govern foreign activities such as the FCPA. In addition, we could be adversely affected by other risks associated with operating in foreign countries. Economic uncertainty in some of the geographic regions in which we might operate, including developing regions, could result in the disruption of commerce and negatively impact cash flows from our operations in those areas.

These and other factors may have a material adverse effect on any international operations we may seek to undertake and, consequently, on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is subject to various complex laws and regulations. We could be subject to significant fines and penalties if we or our partners fail to comply with these laws and regulations.

As a provider of clinical diagnostic products and services, we and our partners are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing various aspects of our business. In particular, the clinical laboratory industry is subject to significant governmental certification and licensing regulations, as well as federal and state laws regarding:

test ordering and billing practices;

marketing, sales and pricing practices;

anti-bribery such as ERKA;

health information privacy and security, including HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, and comparable state laws;

anti-markup legislation; and

consumer protection.

We are also required to comply with FDA regulations, including with respect to our labeling and promotion activities. In addition, advertising of our tests is subject to regulation by the FTC. Violation of any FDA requirement could result in enforcement actions, such as seizures, injunctions, civil penalties and criminal prosecutions, and violation of any FTC requirement could result in injunctions and other associated remedies, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Most states also have similar regulatory and enforcement authority for devices. Additionally, most foreign countries have authorities comparable to the FDA and processes for obtaining marketing approvals. Obtaining and maintaining these approvals, and complying with all laws and regulations, may subject us to similar risks and delays as those we could experience under FDA and FTC regulation. We incur various costs in complying and overseeing compliance with these laws and regulations.

Healthcare policy has been a subject of extensive discussion in the executive and legislative branches of the federal and many state governments and healthcare laws and regulations are subject to change. Development of the existing commercialization strategy for our tests has been based on existing healthcare policies. We cannot predict what additional changes, if any, will be proposed or adopted or the effect that such proposals or adoption may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we or our partners, including independent sales representatives, fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could incur significant fines and penalties and our reputation and prospects could suffer. Additionally, our partners could be forced to cease offering our products and services in certain jurisdictions, which could materially disrupt our business.

New FDA regulations of lab tests could significantly impact our commercial operations.

Most of our products have the regulatory status of LDTs, which for several decades have been regulated federally by the CMS under the CLIA statute rather than by FDA. On April 29, 2024, the FDA issued a final regulation under which they would begin to regulate LDTs starting in late 2027. However, on March 31, 2025, a U.S. District Court in Texas ordered that FDA’s LDT final rule be vacated and set aside, in its entirety. The FDA elected not to appeal the District Court decision. Thus, there is a consensus among legal experts that the FDA has no jurisdiction to regulate LDTs absent clear statutory authority from Congress. Heretofore bills to provide the FDA with this authority have failed to pass. However, there could be attempts in the future to reintroduce this legislation, especially if Democrats gain control of both Chambers. If passed into law, FDA regulation would impose substantial expenses and delays in our ability to introduce new LDTs.

If we unexpectedly are required to obtain regulatory approval of our diagnostic test products, it may take two years or more to conduct the clinical studies and trials necessary to obtain pre-market approval from the FDA. Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that the results will support our test claims or that the FDA will agree with our conclusions regarding our test results. Success in early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the later trials will replicate the results of prior clinical trials and studies. If we are required to conduct pre-market clinical trials, delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could significantly increase our test development costs and delay commercialization. Many of the factors that may cause or lead to a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to delay or denial of regulatory clearance or approval. The clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our tests are effective for the proposed indicated uses, which could cause us to abandon a test candidate and may delay development of other tests.

We are required to comply with federal and state laws governing the privacy of health information, and any failure to comply with these laws could result in material criminal and civil penalties.

HIPAA sets forth security regulations that establish administrative, physical, and technical standards for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and availability of protected health information in electronic form. We also may be required to comply with state laws that are more stringent than HIPAA or that provide individuals with greater rights with respect to the privacy or security of, and access to, their health care records. HITECH established certain health information security breach notification obligations that require covered entities to notify each individual whose protected health information is breached.

We may incur significant compliance costs related to HIPAA and HITECH privacy regulations and varying state privacy regulations and varying state privacy and security laws. Given the complexity of HIPAA and HITECH and their overlap with state privacy and security laws, and the fact that these laws are rapidly evolving and are subject to changing and potentially conflicting interpretation, our ability to comply with HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy requirements is uncertain and the costs of compliance are significant. The costs of complying with any changes to HIPAA, HITECH and state privacy restrictions may have a negative impact on our operations. Noncompliance could subject us to criminal penalties, civil sanctions and significant monetary penalties as well as reputational damage.

We are subject to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.

We are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse regulation and enforcement by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. These health care laws and regulations include the following:

ERKA;

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute;

the federal physician self-referral prohibition, commonly known as the Stark Law;

the federal false claims and civil monetary penalties laws;

the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act requirements under the Affordable Care Act; and

State law equivalents of each of the federal laws enumerated above.

Any action brought against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we are in compliance and successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to applicable penalties associated with the violation, including, among others, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages and fines, and/or exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid programs, including the California Medical Assistance Program (Medi-Cal—the California version of the Medicaid program) or other state or federal health care programs. Additionally, we could be required to refund payments received by us, and we could be required to curtail or cease our operations.

If we become subject to claims relating to the receipt and handling of bio-hazardous materials (including infected blood), we could incur significant cost and liability.

Our quality control quality assurance process might involve the receipt and handling of whole blood, serum, or plasma from one or more individuals. We are subject to federal, state and local regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of biological materials and waste products. We may incur significant costs complying with both existing and future environmental laws and regulations. In particular, we are subject to regulation by the Maryland Department of Health, the CLIA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, and to regulation under the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in the United States. OSHA or the EPA may adopt additional regulations in the future that may affect our research and development programs. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from hazardous materials cannot be eliminated completely. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damage that results, and any liability could exceed the limits or fall outside the coverage of our workers’ compensation insurance. We may not be able to maintain insurance on acceptable terms, if at all.

In the event that one or more lawsuits are filed against us, we could be subject to reputational risk.

Our diagnostic tests are intended for use only as screening devices, which trigger more in-depth diagnostic procedures. If our tests failed and the patient sued us, we could incur reputational damage if doctors or patients were dissuaded from using our tests. Repeated lawsuits could also precipitate regulatory scrutiny that could negatively impact our ability to sell our products.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

We may not be able to maintain a listing of our common stock on Nasdaq.

We must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s continued listing standards or we violate Nasdaq listing requirements, our common stock may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may materially impair stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. The delisting of our common stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.

An active trading market may not develop or continue to be liquid, and the market price of our common stock may be volatile.

Prior to our direct listing on Nasdaq in February 2026, there was not a public market for our common stock, and an active market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained, which could depress the market price of our common stock and could affect the ability of our stockholders to sell our common stock. In the absence of an active public trading market, investors may not be able to liquidate their investments in our common stock. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling our common stock, our ability to motivate our employees through equity incentive awards and our ability to acquire other companies, products or technologies by using our common stock as consideration.

The public price of our common stock also could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to the risk factors described in this report and others beyond our control, including:

the number of shares of our common stock publicly owned and available for trading;

overall performance of the equity markets and/or publicly-listed companies that offer competing products;

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue or other operating metrics;

our actual or anticipated operating performance and the operating performance of our competitors;

changes in the financial projections we provide to the public or our failure to meet these projections;

failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet the estimates or the expectations of investors;

any major change in our board of directors, management, or key personnel;

the economy as a whole and market conditions in our industry;

rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

announcements by us or our competitors of significant innovations, new products, services, features, integrations or capabilities, acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business, in the U.S. or globally;

lawsuits threatened or filed against us;

other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events; and

sales or expected sales of our common stock by us and our officers, directors and principal stockholders.

In addition, stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner often unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have paid no cash dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the near term. For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our stock. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which may never occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board deems relevant.

Future issuances of our common stock or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common stock, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and would result in the dilution of your holdings.

Future issuances of our common stock or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common stock, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Notably, we are obligated to issue 481,130 shares of common stock upon the conversion of our outstanding series E convertible preferred stock (excluding any increase as a result of antidilution adjustments), 3,656,172 shares of common stock upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, and 3,332,796 shares of common stock upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, and we have also reserved an additional 266,396 shares of common stock for issuance under our 2022 Stock Incentive Plan. We are also obliged to issue shares of common stock upon the conversion of secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $570,000, which are convertible into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $6.80 (subject to adjustment). We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future issuances of our securities on the price of our common stock. In all events, future issuances of our common stock would result in the dilution of your holdings. In addition, the perception that new issuances of our securities could occur could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred stock, which could rank senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our common stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering debt securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities, and lenders with respect to other borrowings we may make, would receive distributions of our available assets prior to any distributions being made to holders of our common stock. Moreover, the holders of our series E convertible preferred stock are entitled to preferences over holders of common stock in respect of the payment of dividends and the payment of liquidating distributions. We could also issue additional preferred stock with such preferences. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred stock in any future offering, or borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our common stock must bear the risk that any future offerings we conduct or borrowings we make may adversely affect the level of return, if any, they may be able to achieve from an investment in our common stock.

Investors in our common stock may be unable to bring claims under Sections 11 and 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act due to the tracing requirement, which may limit the remedies available to investors in a direct listing.

In a traditional underwritten initial public offering, investors can generally trace their shares to the registration statement, enabling them to bring claims under Sections 11 and 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act for material misstatements or omissions. However, in a direct listing like ours that does not involve a firm commitment underwriting—where both registered and unregistered shares may be sold into the public market on the first day of trading—investors may be unable to establish that their shares were issued pursuant to the registration statement. As a result, liability under Section 11 and possibly Section 12(a)(2) may be unavailable to some investors, even in the event of a material misstatement or omission.

In June 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Slack Technologies, LLC v. Pirani that shareholders asserting Section 11 claims must plead and prove that their shares are traceable to the allegedly defective registration statement. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in its 2025 opinion on remand, confirmed that the tracing requirement applies in the context of direct listings and that tracing shares to a registration statement is particularly difficult where registered and unregistered shares begin trading at the same time. While the scope of Section 12(a)(2) liability remains unresolved, courts may impose similar traceability requirements.

Accordingly, if you purchase our common stock in the open market, you may not be able to assert claims under Section 11 or Section 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act for any material misstatements or omissions in the registration statement relating to our direct listing. This limitation may reduce the potential remedies available to investors, limit recovery in the event of a violation of the federal securities laws, and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, because our potential liability under the Securities Act may be reduced as compared to a traditional initial public offering, investors may face greater risk in the event of inaccurate or incomplete disclosures.

If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected.

Any trading market for our common stock may be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities industry analysts. If no securities industry analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected. In the event we are covered by analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our securities, or otherwise reports on us unfavorably, or discontinues coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected.

If our shares of common stock become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.

The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not maintain a listing on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange and if the price of our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock could be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

We are subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies and our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.

We are required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to:

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and

being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our direct listing, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues are $1.235 billion or more, (iii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.

Because we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we elect to rely on these exemptions, or if taking advantage of these exemptions would result in less active trading or more volatility in the price of our common stock.

We are also a smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:

had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or

in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated public offering price of the shares; or

in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition was zero or whose public float was less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available.

As a smaller reporting company, we will not be required and may not include a compensation discussion and analysis section in our proxy statements, and we will provide only two years of financial statements. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies which could make our common stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, and limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in our management. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock are available for our board of directors to issue without stockholder approval, subject to Nasdaq’s rules. We may use these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including raising additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee stock plans. The existence of our authorized but unissued shares of common stock could render it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a proxy context, tender offer, merger or other transaction since our board of directors can issue large amounts of capital stock as part of a defense to a take-over challenge. In addition, we have authorized in our certificate of incorporation 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board acting alone and without approval of our stockholders, subject to Nasdaq’s rules, can designate and issue one or more series of preferred stock containing super-voting provisions, enhanced economic rights, rights to elect directors, or other dilutive features, that could be utilized as part of a defense to a take-over challenge.

In addition, various provisions of our bylaws may also have an anti-takeover effect. These provisions may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt of our company that a stockholder might consider in his or her best interest, including attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. Our bylaws contain limitations as to who may call special meetings as well as require advance notice of stockholder matters to be brought at a meeting. Additionally, our bylaws also provide that no director may be removed by less than a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote on the removal. Our bylaws also permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships. These provisions will prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.

Our bylaws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given us timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business before the meeting. Although our bylaws do not give the board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.

Moreover, Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock. See Exhibit 4.1 to this report for additional information.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We develop and commercialize AI-powered, laboratory-based blood tests for the early detection and prevention of cancers and chronic diseases.

We offer two families of lab tests, both under our OneTest brand: (i) OneTest for Cancer, an MCED, and (ii) OneTest for Longevity, which measures inflammatory biomarkers, that was launched in February 2026 (the Longevity test is also being branded “OneTest for Workplace Wellness” when marketed to self-insured employers). Both tests are run in our CAP accredited, CLIA licensed laboratory in Gaithersburg, MD. This laboratory also hosts our CLIAx, which we believe is the country’s first shared CLIA laboratory for overseas diagnostics start-ups seeking to launch novel lab tests in the U.S. without the expense of establishing and operating their own independent lab.

Our legacy business also includes a pioneering field test kit for screening suspicious powders for bioterror agents known as BioCheck.

Recent Developments

Additional Closing of Bridge Financing

On February 9, 2026, we completed a second closing under the Note Purchase Agreement described under “ —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Bridge Financing ” below, pursuant to which we issued a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $275,000 and a warrant to purchase 62,500 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $250,000. The note and warrant have the same terms as those described below.

Filing of Certificate of Designation and Additional Closing of Private Placement

On February 13, 2026, we filed a certificate of designation, or the Certificate of Designation, with the Delaware Secretary of State to establish the rights and preferences of the series E convertible preferred stock described under “ —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Private Placement ” below. The following is a summary of the terms of the series E convertible preferred stock.

Number and Stated Value . Pursuant to the Certificate of Designation, we have designated 45,000 shares of our preferred stock as series E convertible preferred stock. Each share of series E convertible preferred stock has a stated value of $1,098.90, or the Stated Value; provided that upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), the Stated Value will automatically increase by ten percent (10%).

Ranking . The series E convertible preferred stock ranks senior to all classes of our capital stock, including the common stock, with respect to preferences as to dividends, distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of our company. Without the prior express written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock, voting separately as a single class, we shall not authorize or issue any additional or other shares of capital stock that is of senior or pari passu rank to the series E convertible preferred stock in respect of preferences as to dividends, distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of our company.

Dividend Rights . Each share of series E convertible preferred stock shall accrue a rate of return on the Stated Value at a rate of 9% per annum, or the Preferred Return; provided that following the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), the Preferred Return will increase to 15% per annum until such Event of Default has been cured. The Preferred Return shall accrue on each share of series E convertible preferred stock from its issuance date, shall compound daily and be payable on a quarterly basis within five (5) trading days following the end of each calendar quarter, either in cash or via the issuance to the applicable holder of an additional number of shares of series E convertible preferred stock equal to the Preferred Return then accrued and unpaid, divided by the Stated Value, with the election as to payment in cash or via the issuance of additional shares of series E convertible preferred stock to be determined in our discretion.

Liquidation Rights . In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company or a Deemed Liquidation Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), each share of series E convertible preferred stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of our company available for distribution to its stockholders, before any payment shall be made to the holders of junior securities, an amount per share of series E convertible preferred stock equal to the Stated Value at such time, plus any accrued and unpaid Preferred Return (which we refer to as the Series E Preferred Liquidation Amount). If upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up or Deemed Liquidation Event, our assets available for distribution to stockholders shall be insufficient to pay the Series E Preferred Liquidation Amount, the holders of the series E convertible preferred stock shall share ratably in any distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full.

Voting Rights . The holders of the series E convertible preferred stock shall not have any voting rights and shall not vote on any matter submitted to the holders of common stock, or any class thereof, for a vote; provided that, we shall not amend or repeal the Certificate of Designation without the prior written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock, voting separately as a single class, and any such act or transaction entered into without such vote or consent shall be null and void ab initio , and of no force or effect.

Conversion Rights . Each share of series E convertible preferred stock will be convertible at any time at the option of the holder into a number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of the shares being converted by a conversion price of $11.42; provided that following the occurrence of a Trigger Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) or an Event of Default (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), such conversion price shall be equal to the lower of $11.42 and a price equal to 89% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of our common stock on its principal market during the ten (10) trading day period prior to the conversion date, but in no event lower than a floor price of 20% of the “Minimum Price” as defined in Nasdaq Rule 5635 (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events), calculated as of the most recent issuance date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not effect any conversion, and a holder will not have the right to convert, shares of series E convertible preferred stock to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon such conversion.

Redemption Rights . At any time after the date that is six (6) months from the applicable issuance date of the series E convertible preferred stock, we may elect, in the sole discretion of our board of directors, to redeem all or any portion of the series E convertible preferred stock then issued and outstanding from all of the holders by paying to the holders an amount in cash equal to the Series E Preferred Liquidation Amount then applicable to such shares of series E convertible preferred stock being redeemed multiplied by 120%. In addition, if an Event of Default (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) has occurred, the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock may, by notice to us, force us to redeem all of the issued and outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock for a price equal to (i) the Stated Value of all such shares; plus (ii) any accrued and unpaid Preferred Return with respect to all such shares, provided that such Preferred Return shall be paid in cash in an amount equal to the number of shares otherwise issuable for the Preferred Return multiplied by the Stated Value; plus (iii) any and all other amounts due and payable to the holders pursuant to the Certificate of Designation.

The Certificate of Designation also includes customary covenants and events of default, including a covenant that we will not, without the prior written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock: (i) issue, incur or guaranty any debt or additional Liabilities (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) other than (a) trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of business, (b) indebtedness or Liabilities incurred pursuant to equipment leases, purchase money financings, or capital leases entered into in the ordinary course of business, (c) indebtedness or Liabilities incurred in connection with bona fide commercial banking or credit card arrangements on customary terms, or (d) intercompany indebtedness; or (ii) issue (a) any shares of common stock, preferred stock or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock, or (b) any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or any class or series of preferred stock, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Certificate of Designation.

On February 19, 2026, we completed a second closing under the Preferred Purchase Agreement described under “ —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Private Placement ” below, pursuant to which we issued 5,000 shares of series E convertible preferred stock and the Preferred Warrant (as defined below) for a purchase price of $5,000,000, less fees of $25,000.

Conversion of Preferred Stock

On February 19, 2026, (i) an aggregate of 846,368 shares of series A preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 846,368 shares of common stock, (ii) an aggregate of 651,465 shares of series A-1 preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 651,465 shares of common stock, (iii) an aggregate of 442,402 shares of series A-2 preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 442,402 shares of common stock, (iv) an aggregate of 1,471,487 shares of series B preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 1,471,487 shares of common stock, (v) an aggregate of 1,204,040 shares of series C preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 1,204,040 shares of common stock and (vi) an aggregate of 101,565 shares of series D preferred stock were converted into an aggregate of 101,565 shares of common stock upon our direct listing on Nasdaq.

Conversion of Convertible Promissory Notes – Private Placement

On February 19, 2026, all principal and accrued interest in the aggregate amount of $73,857 due under the convertible promissory notes described under “ —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Convertible Promissory Notes - Private Placement ” below was converted into an aggregate of 14,151 shares of common stock.

Conversion of Convertible Promissory Notes – Equity Crowdfunding

On February 25, 2026, all principal and accrued interest in the aggregate amount of $760,955 due under the convertible promissory notes described under “ —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Convertible Promissory Notes - Equity Crowdfunding ” below was converted into an aggregate of 91,535 shares of common stock.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance

Our operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:

our ability to access additional capital and the size and timing of subsequent financings;

the costs of acquiring additional data, technology, and/or intellectual property to successfully reach our goals and to remain competitive;

personnel and facilities costs in any region in which we seek to introduce and market our products;

the costs of sales, marketing, and customer acquisition;

the average price per test paid by consumers;

the number of tests ordered per quarter;

the costs of third-party laboratories to run our tests;

the costs of compliance with any unforeseen regulatory obstacles or governmental mandates in any states or countries in which we seek to operate; and

the costs of any additional clinical studies which are deemed necessary for us to remain viable and competitive in any region of the world.

Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

have an auditor report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);

submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency;” and

disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues are $1.235 billion or more, (iii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenues.

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

Amount

% of Revenues

Amount

% of Revenues

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Operating expenses:

Sales, general and administrative

Research and development

Loss on impairment of fixed assets

Total operating expenses

Operating loss

Other income (expense):

Interest expense

Interest income

Gain on change in derivative liabilities

Loss on issuance of convertible note

Other income (expense), net

Total other (income) expense

Net loss

Revenues . We generated revenues from sales of OneTest, BioCheck and from our CLIAx during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Our total revenues increased by $292,790, or 16.71%, to $2,045,133 for year ended December 31, 2025 from $1,752,343 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Such an increase was due to increases in our OneTest and CLIAx revenue streams, as described in more detail below. The following table summarizes our revenues by product:

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

Amount

% of Revenues

Amount

% of Revenues

OneTest

BioCheck

CLIAx

Total revenues

Revenues from sales of OneTest increased by $312,826, or 20.98%, to $1,803,707 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $1,490,881 for the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase resulted from several developments, including an increase in the proportion and volumes for our higher priced Premium Tests. We sold 3,192 Premium Tests during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to 2,369 tests during the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of approximately 35%. We sold 5,411 Standard Tests during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to 4,806 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in Premium Tests sold also contributed to the increase in total revenue given the higher retail price point of $345 compared to $199 for the Standard Test. In addition, we increased the sales prices of both tests in June 2024. Additionally, we began multi-cancer screenings of war veterans, a new market segment.

Revenues from sales of BioCheck decreased by $25,236, or 14.23%, to $152,047 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $177,283 for the year ended December 31, 2024. This decrease continues a years-long decline since patents covering that product expired in 2021 and more direct competitors emerged.

Revenues from our CLIAx increased by $5,200, or 6.18%, to $89,379 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $84,179 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven by improvements in technical and managerial staffing and revenues attributable to biennial CLIA regulatory inspection, which took place in February 2025.

Cost of revenues . Our cost of revenues includes materials, labor, and laboratory expenses. Our cost of revenues increased by $48,560 or 3.49%, to $1,440,592 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $1,392,032 for the year ended December 31, 2024. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues was 70.44% and 79.44% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to the change in product mix, as illustrated by the table below.

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

Revenues

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Gross Margin

Revenues

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Gross Margin

OneTest

BioCheck

CLIAx

Gross profit and gross margin . As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $244,230, or 67.78%, to $604,541 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $360,311 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues (gross margin) was 29.56% and 20.56% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Sales, general and administrative expenses . Our sales, general and administrative expenses include sales, marketing, office leases, overhead, executive compensation, legal, regulatory, government relations, and similar expenses. Our sales, general and administrative expenses decreased by $1,416,744, or 29.77%, to $3,342,843 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $4,759,587 for the year ended December 31, 2024. As a percentage of revenues, sales, general and administrative expenses were 163.45% and 271.61% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Such a decrease was primarily due to optimizing the productivity and efficiency of our digital marketing campaigns by reducing spending on outside marketing agencies, moving more digital marketing efforts in-house, and achieving much better return on ad spending (ROAS) in 2025 than in 2024. Additionally, we eliminated redundancies in our operating personnel, improved productivity and output per employee, and reined in overspending on outside accounting services.

Research and development expenses . Our research and development expenses include clinical data acquisitions, laboratory validation and bridging studies, data analysis algorithms, and non-capitalizable machine learning software development. It also includes laboratory test validation and technical consultation. Our research and development expenses decreased by $669,212, or 53.04%, to $592,569 for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $1,261,781 for the year ended December 31, 2024. As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses were 28.97% and 72.01% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. R&D spending in 2025 was significantly lower than in 2024 since the prior year included two important sets of studies, one in connection with a blinded validation of our MCED test with the NCI and the other relating to validating the test using capillary blood collection devices. Both of those studies in 2024 were successful and benefit us going forward. In contrast, R&D activities in 2025 were more limited and focused primarily on development and validation of the early version of the Longevity panel, with the work continuing into 2026.

Loss on impairment of fixed assets . In the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded an impairment charge of $16,356 for certain lab equipment.

Total other income (expense) . We had total other expense net, of $407,950 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to other income, net, of $125,746 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Total other expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2025 consisted of interest expense of $156,207, loss of issuance of convertible note of $280,764 and other expense of $115, offset by interest income of $21,399 and gain on change in derivative liabilities of $7,737, while total other income, net, for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted of interest income of $79,467 and other income of $58,925 due to a refund of sales and use taxes from the State of Maryland, offset by interest expense of $12,646.

Net loss . As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, we generated a net loss of $3,738,821 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $5,551,667 for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $1,812,846, or 32.65%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,025,987. Historically, our sources of cash have included offerings of equity securities and cash generated from revenues.

We have incurred recent operating losses, which management anticipates may continue in the near term. To support ongoing operations and liquidity needs, subsequent to December 31, 2025, we have raised additional funding through a private placement of $5 million and convertible debt and bridge financing of $275,000. In addition, we have conducted a direct listing on Nasdaq as part of our capital-raising and strategic growth initiatives. Although management believes that the direct listing may enhance our access to public capital markets, there can be no assurance that such a transaction will be completed or that it will generate sufficient liquidity to fund operations.

Our company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon achieving continued revenue growth that exceeds spending increases, a trend that was achieved in 2025, with continued financial support from external financing to provide the necessary liquidity to meet its obligations as needed. Management believes that additional external financing can be obtained, including potential proceeds from other equity or debt financings. However, there can be no assurance of the success, timing, or terms of any future capital-raising activities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for the period indicated:

Years Ended December 31,

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in investing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalent at end of year

Net cash used in operating activities was $1,919,720 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $2,598,785 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was mainly attributed to the net loss of $3,738,821 and the addition of non-cash adjustments that positively impact operating cashflows, which includes $516,180 of stock-based compensation. The remaining change was primarily attributed to net positive cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $836,734, including changes in accounts payable of $496,242 and accrued liabilities of $419,263. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was mainly attributed to the net loss of $5,551,667 and the addition of non-cash adjustments that positively impact operating cashflows, which includes $2,176,098 of stock-based compensation and a loss on depreciation and amortization of $116,035. The remaining change was primarily attributed to net positive cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $619,693.

We had no investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,161,698 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $293,333 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 consisted of proceeds from the issuance of the convertible notes described below of $988,472, proceeds from the issuance of series D preferred stock of $192,338, and proceeds from the issuance of the Pre-Delivery Shares described below of $4,750, offset by deferred offering costs of $23,8562, while the net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted entirely of proceeds from the issuance of series D preferred stock.

Bridge Financing

On November 17, 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement, or the Note Purchase Agreement, with Streeterville Capital, LLC, or the Investor, pursuant to which we agreed to offer and sell to the Investor a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $295,000 and a warrant to purchase 62,500 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $250,000, which, in addition to the original issue discount described below, includes $20,000 to pay the Investor’s fees. The secured convertible promissory note and the warrant were issued on November 17, 2025. The Note Purchase Agreement also provides that, upon the mutual agreement of the parties, the parties may complete a second closing, which was completed on February 9, 2026, as described above.

These notes carry an original issue discount of $25,000 and accrue interest at a rate of eight percent (8%) per annum with the principal amount and all accrued interest being due and payable six months (6) after issuance. We may prepay these notes upon ten (10) trading days’ notice; provided that if such prepayment is made after thirty (30) days following the issuance date, then we must pay a prepayment penalty in an amount equal to 110% of the amount being prepaid.

These notes are secured by all of our assets pursuant to a security agreement and an intellectual property security agreement, each entered into between the parties on November 17, 2025, and contain customary covenants and events of default for a loan of this type. Upon an event of default, the interest rate shall increase to fifteen percent (15%) per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. In addition, these notes contain certain triggering events that would increase the outstanding balance. Upon the occurrence of a Major Triggering Event (as defined in the notes), the outstanding balance would increase by an amount equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the then outstanding balance, and upon the occurrence of a Minor Triggering Event (as defined in the notes), the outstanding balance would increase by an amount equal to five percent (5%) of the then outstanding balance.

The Investor may, at its election, convert all or any portion of the outstanding balance of these notes into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to $6.80 (subject to adjustments). Notwithstanding the foregoing, these notes provide that, on the date on which the Subsequent Registration Statement (as defined below) is declared effective by the SEC, the notes shall automatically be exchanged for a number of shares of series E convertible preferred stock equal to the outstanding balance of the notes divided by $1,000.

The warrants may be exercised at any time until February 28, 2027 at an exercise price of $8.00 (subject to standard adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and similar transactions).

The notes and the warrants also contain a beneficial ownership limitation which provides that we will not effect any conversion or exercise, and the Investor will not have the right to convert or exercise, any portion of the notes or the warrants to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion or exercise, the Investor (together with the Investor’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares upon such conversion or exercise.

The Note Purchase Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a covenant that we will not, without the Investor’s prior written consent: (i) issue, incur or guaranty any debt or additional Liabilities (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) other than (a) trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of business, (b) indebtedness or Liabilities incurred pursuant to equipment leases, purchase money financings, or capital leases entered into in the ordinary course of business, (c) indebtedness or Liabilities incurred in connection with bona fide commercial banking or credit card arrangements on customary terms, or (d) intercompany indebtedness; or (ii) issue (a) any shares of common stock, preferred stock or any option, warrant, or right to subscribe for, acquire or purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock, or (b) any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or any class or series of preferred stock, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement.

The Note Purchase Agreement also contains a most favored nation provision, which provides that, so long as the notes or the warrants are outstanding, upon our issuance of any security with any economic term or condition more favorable to the holder of such security or with a term in favor of the holder of such security that was not similarly provided to the Investor in the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), then we shall notify the Investor of such additional or more favorable term, which notice may be provided by means of a current report on Form 8-K or other filing with the SEC, and such term, at the Investor’s option, shall become a part of the Transaction Documents for the benefit of the Investor. The types of terms contained in another security that may be more favorable to the holder of such security include, but are not limited to, terms addressing conversion discounts, conversion lookback periods, interest rates, original issue discounts, floor prices, stock purchase prices, conversion prices, warrant coverage, warrant exercise prices, and anti-dilution/conversion and exercise price resets.

As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal amount of the note is $295,000 and it has accrued interest of $2,898.

Private Placement

On November 17, 2025, we entered another securities purchase agreement, or the Preferred Purchase Agreement, with the Investor, pursuant to which we agreed to offer and sell to the Investor (i) up to $40,000,000, or the Commitment Amount, in shares of newly designated series E convertible preferred stock at a purchase price of $1,000 per share; (ii) 50,000 shares of common stock, or the Commitment Shares; (iii) 475,000 shares of common stock, or the Pre-Delivery Shares; and (iv) a warrant to purchase 3,502,627 shares of common stock, or the Preferred Warrant.

The Preferred Purchase Agreement provides for closings in multiple tranches. At the first closing, which occurred on November 17, 2025, we issued the Commitment Shares and the Pre-Delivery Shares to the Investor for a purchase price of $4,750. The second closing occurred on February 19, 2026, as described above.

At any time and from time to time following the second closing and ending two (2) years thereafter, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Preferred Purchase Agreement, which includes, among others, certain trading volume requirements, we may request that the Investor purchase additional shares of series E convertible preferred Stock, at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, in an amount of no more than the Maximum Purchase Amount and no less than $250,000 by providing a written notice of such request to the Investor. “Maximum Purchase Amount” means $40,000,000 less the total Stated Value (as defined above) of all outstanding shares of series E convertible preferred stock plus accrued but unpaid interest held by the Investor as of the applicable measurement date (which we refer to as the Preferred Share Outstanding Balance).

The Preferred Warrant may be exercised at any time until November 30, 2026 at an exercise price of $11.42 (subject to standard adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and similar transactions). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Preferred Warrant also contains a beneficial ownership limitation which provides that we will not effect any exercise, and the Investor will not have the right to exercise, any portion of the Preferred Warrant to the extent that, after giving effect to the exercise, the Investor (together with the Investor’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares upon such exercise.

Pursuant to the Preferred Purchase Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within fifteen (15) days of the first closing, a registration statement on Form S-1, or the Initial Registration Statement, registering at least 5,050,000 shares of common stock for the resale of the Commitment Shares and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Preferred Warrant. The Initial Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on February 17, 2026. In addition, we agreed to file another registration statement on Form S-1, or the Subsequent Registration Statement, registering at least 10,000,000 shares of common stock for the resale of the Pre-Delivery Shares, the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the series E convertible preferred stock, and any other shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Preferred Purchase Agreement. We agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts and take all necessary actions to cause the Subsequent Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC within ninety (90) days of February 19, 2026. If the Subsequent Registration Statement has not been declared effective by such date, then we agreed to pay a cash fee to the Investor equal to one percent (1%) of the Preferred Share Outstanding Balance on such ninetieth (90th) day and continue to pay in cash a fee equal to one percent (1%) of the Preferred Share Outstanding Balance for each thirty (30) days that the Subsequent Registration Statement is not declared effective until the date that is six (6) months from February 19, 2026.

Pursuant to the Preferred Purchase Agreement, we shall have the right, at any time after the earlier of: (i) the Investor owning 250 or fewer shares of series E convertible preferred stock and the unfunded Commitment Amount equaling zero, or (ii) the date that is three (3) years from the first closing (provided that we are not in default under the Certificate of Designation), to repurchase the Pre-Delivery Shares upon a written request delivered to the Investor at a purchase price of $0.01 for each such Pre-Delivery Share (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions).

Pursuant to the Preferred Purchase Agreement and subject to certain exceptions described therein, at any time during the period beginning on February 19, 2026 and ending on the date that is one (1) year thereafter, the Investor shall have the right to participate at its discretion in any debt or equity financing in an amount of up to twenty percent (20%) of the amount sold.

The Preferred Purchase Agreement also includes other customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a most favored nation provision, which provides that, so long as the Investor owns any shares of series E convertible preferred stock or the Preferred Warrant, upon our issuance of any security with any term or condition more favorable to the holder of such security or with a term in favor of the holder of such security that was not similarly provided to the Investor in the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Preferred Purchase Agreement), then we shall notify the Investor of such additional or more favorable term, which notice may be provided by means of a current report on Form 8-K or other filing with the SEC, and such term, at the Investor’s option, shall become a part of the Transaction Documents for the benefit of the Investor. The types of terms contained in another security that may be more favorable to the holder of such security include, but are not limited to, terms addressing fixed purchase prices, conversion discounts, conversion lookback periods, interest rates/preferred return rates, dividend rights, original issue discounts, floor prices, conversion prices, anti-dilution protection and exercise prices. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this provision shall not apply to certain exempt issuances set forth in the Preferred Purchase Agreement or to the issuance of debt securities.

Convertible Promissory Notes – Equity Crowdfunding

In May 2025 and November 2025, we launched equity crowdfundings offering under Section 4(a)(6) of the Securities Act and Regulation Crowdfunding promulgated thereunder, pursuant to which we offered convertible promissory notes. We issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $712,256 for gross proceeds of $712,256 and net proceeds of approximately $668,472, of which $7,372 is subject to a holdback and will be released to us in April 2026.

These notes bear interest at a rate of fifteen percent (15%) per annum and are due and payable within ninety (90) days of written demand from the holder; provided that such written demand may not occur prior to the date that is twenty-four (24) months from the date of issuance. The notes may not be pre-paid by us without the prior written consent of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding principal amount of the notes. The notes are unsecured and contain customary events of default. The notes are convertible into common stock as follows:

If our company’s (or a successor to our company’s) shares are listed on a national securities exchange, including, without limitation, through a firm underwritten initial public offering, merger, reverse merger, or direct listing, all of the principal and accrued interest then outstanding under the notes shall be automatically converted, without any action by the holders, into a number of shares equal to the number that results from the following equation: dividing (i) all of the principal and accrued interest then outstanding under the notes by (ii) a conversion price equal to (A) eighty percent (80%) of the price per share sold to the public by the underwriters at the closing of the initial public offering, or (B) in the event of a merger, reverse merger, or direct listing, the volume weighted average price of our common stock during the five (5) trading days following such merger, reverse merger, or direct listing.

If we consummate a financing transaction whereby any equity or equity-linked securities are sold to investors in exchange for cash in which we receive gross proceeds of at least four million dollars ($4,000,000) (including the conversion of the notes) (which is referred to as a Qualified Financing), then effective upon the closing of the Qualified Financing, all of the principal and accrued interest then outstanding under the notes shall be automatically converted, without any action by the holders, into a number of shares or units, as applicable, that were sold in such Qualified Financing at a conversion price equal to eighty percent (80%) of the price per share or unit, as applicable, sold in such Qualified Financing.

If we consummate a financing transaction whereby any equity or equity-linked securities are sold to investors in exchange for cash in a transaction that does not constitute a Qualified Financing, then the holders of a majority of the then outstanding principal amount of the notes shall have the option to treat such equity financing as a Qualified Financing.

The balance of these notes as of December 31, 2025 amounted to principal of $712,256 and accrued interest of $34,748, offset by the unamortized debt discounts of $185,832 for a net balance of $561,172. As described above, these notes were converted into common stock on February 25, 2026.

Convertible Promissory Notes – Private Placement

In January 2025, we issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $70,000 for gross proceeds of $70,000. These notes bear interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum and are due and payable within thirty (30) days of written demand from the holder; provided that such written demand may not occur prior to the date that is thirty-six (36) months from the date of issuance. The notes are unsecured and contain customary events of default. The notes are convertible into our common stock as follows:

If our common stock is listed on a national stock exchange, including, without limitation, through a firm underwritten initial public offering, all of the principal and accrued interest then outstanding under the notes shall be automatically converted, without any action by the holder, into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to eighty percent (80%) of the price per share sold to the public by the underwriters at the closing of the initial public offering; provided, however, that in no event shall the number of shares be less than the number of shares issuable pursuant to a conversion upon a Qualified Financing (as defined below).

If we consummate a financing transaction whereby any equity or equity-linked securities are sold to investors in exchange for cash for gross proceeds of at least ten million dollars ($10,000,000) (which we refer to as a Qualified Financing), then effective upon the closing of the Qualified Financing, all of the principal and accrued interest then outstanding under the notes shall be automatically converted, without any action by the holder, into a number of shares or units, as applicable, that were sold in such Qualified Financing at a conversion price equal to eighty percent (80%) of the price per share or unit, as applicable, sold in such Qualified Financing; provided, however, that the conversion price per share or unit, as applicable, shall not exceed the quotient obtained by dividing $70,000,000 by the total number shares of common stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis (assuming conversion of all securities convertible into common stock and exercise of all outstanding options and warrants, but excluding the shares of equity securities issuable upon the conversion of the notes or other convertible securities issued for capital raising purposes (e.g., Simple Agreements for Future Equity)).

If we consummate an equity financing pursuant to which we sell shares of equity or equity-linked securities in a transaction that does not constitute a Qualified Financing, then the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding shall have the option to treat such equity financing as a Qualified Financing.

The balance of these notes as of December 31, 2025 amounted to principal of $70,000 and accrued interest of $3,377, offset by the unamortized debt discounts of $15,195 for a net balance of $58,182. As described above, these notes were converted into common stock on February 19, 2026.

Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments consist mostly of obligations under the convertible notes described above and the operating leases described under Item 2 “ Properties .” Other than indicated above, at December 31, 2025, we did not have other long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our balance sheet.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies

The following discussion relates to critical accounting policies for our company. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements:

Revenue Recognition . In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , we recognize revenue when the customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods and services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we deem are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) calculate transfer price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Performance obligations for three different types of services are discussed below:

OneTest ‒ Revenues from the sale of OneTest are recognized when returned serum specimens are analyzed in our CLIA laboratory and the results are reported to the customer. The specific transaction price is provided to the customer at the time of purchase either through the on-line portal or via a sales quote for commercial clients, which may be discounted from list price based on volume of tests ordered. Periodically, discounts are provided to individuals when purchased through our online portal. No estimates or adjustments are made to the transaction price for returns or refunds, since these events rarely occur. There are three customer groups: (i) individuals who purchase tests through our online portal; (ii) commercial clients that pay upfront for test kits and (iii) professional health organizations that purchase collection kits and are all billed upon completion of testing and when results are reported to the customer. Contracts with customers do not contain significant financing components based on the typical period between performance of services and collection of consideration. There are very little requests for returns or refunds. We also license proprietary algorithms to customers under contracts that include usage-based per-case testing fees. Per-case testing fees represent variable consideration based on actual usage. Revenue from such fees is recognized at the point in time when the testing services are performed, as this is when our company satisfies its performance obligation and the customer obtains the benefits of the test results. Under the accounting convention known as “breakage,” tests for which blood specimens have not been received by us more than 12 months after purchase are deemed to be revenues.

BioCheck ‒ Revenues for kits are recognized when kits are shipped to the customer. The specific transaction price is provided to the customer at the time of purchase, which may be discounted from list price based on the volume of tests ordered. No estimates or adjustments are made to the transaction price for returns or refunds, since these events rarely occur. Customers’ payment terms are due upon receipt and are not provided significant financing components based on the typical period between shipment of the product and collection of consideration. There are no requests for returns or refunds.

CLIAx – Contractually, we can earn revenue in two ways: (i) by providing laboratory services and (ii) through co-marketing activities of the CLIAx client’s laboratory developed tests. Revenue for laboratory services is recognized monthly based on agreed laboratory activities for space, equipment use and contracted personnel. The revenue that can be earned through co-marketing activities would be recognized if we sell any of the customer’s products. As of December 31, 2025, the CLIAx customer is working through its marketing plan and we have not yet performed any co-marketing activities and as a result has not sold any CLIAx products or recognized any related revenue.

Derivative Instruments . In connection with the issuances of equity instruments or debt, we may issue options, warrants, or other equity-linked instruments to purchase common stock. In certain circumstances, these instruments may be classified as liabilities rather than equity. In addition, debt instruments may contain embedded derivative features that require evaluation under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, to determine whether such features must be bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for separately as derivative liabilities.

During the periods presented, we evaluated the convertible notes issued to investors, which contain an embedded conversion feature that provides for automatic conversion at a discounted price upon the occurrence of a future qualified financing event. Because the conversion terms include a variable conversion price based on a percentage of the price in a future financing and the occurrence of that financing is outside our control, the feature is not considered to be clearly and closely related to the debt host instrument. As a result, we concluded that the conversion feature represents an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated and accounted for separately as a derivative liability under ASC 815. The derivative liability is initially measured at fair value on the issuance date of the notes and subsequently remeasured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the accompanying statements of operations.

We account for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the warrants in accordance with the applicable authoritative guidance in ASC Topic 480 and ASC Topic 815-40, “Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity.” The assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments, meet the definition of a liability, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification, including whether the warrants are indexed to our own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require net cash settlement in a circumstance outside of our control, among other conditions for equity classification.

Warrants that meet all the criteria for equity classification are recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. Warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification are recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations each period.