CMT Core Molding Technologies Inc - 10-K

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors describe various risks that may affect our business, financial condition, and operations. References to “we,” “us,” and “our” in this “Risk Factors” section refer to Core Molding Technologies and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires.

Risks Relating to our Business

Our business has concentration risks associated with significant customers.

Sales to five customers constituted approximately 65% of our 2025 total sales. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total sales for this period. The loss of any significant portion of sales to any of our significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Accounts receivable balances with five customers accounted for 68% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2025. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains reserves for potential bad debt losses. If the financial conditions of any of these customers were to deteriorate, impacting their ability to pay their receivables, our reserves may not be adequate which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Beginning in the second half of 2024 and continuing through 2026, our business with Volvo, a significant customer accounting for approximately 14% of our 2024 total sales, transitioned from production programs that the Company supplied to new programs that the Company does not support. There is no assurance that we will be able to replace the loss of any revenue that we may experience from the expiration of our existing production programs with Volvo, or from the loss of any other significant customer whether due to unexpected loss or future expiration of production programs.

Furthermore, these customers may not continue to do business with us as they have in the past and we may not be able to supply these customers or any of our other customers at current levels.

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Our business is affected by the cyclical and overall nature of the industries and markets that we serve.

The North American heavy and medium-duty truck industry, on which the demand of our products is largely dependent, is highly cyclical. In 2025, approximately 44% of our product sales was in this industry. The market for this industry fluctuates in response to factors that are beyond our control, such as: general economic conditions; interest rates; federal and state regulations, including engine emissions regulations, import regulations, tariffs (for example, on products imported into or exported from the U.S., including under U.S. or other trade laws or measures, or other key markets); and other taxes, consumer spending, fuel costs, supply chain constraints, our customers' inventory levels and production rates, and the overall strength and variability of the economy. Our manufacturing operations have a significant fixed cost component. Accordingly, during periods of changing demands, including an increase or slowdown in truck demand, the profitability of our operations may change proportionately more than revenues from operations. In particular, the continuing adoption or expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action (or inaction) related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs and prices, our customers, our suppliers, and the economy, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, our operations are typically seasonal as a result of regular customer maintenance shutdowns, which typically vary from year to year based on production demands and occur in the third and fourth fiscal quarters of each calendar year. This seasonality may result in decreased net sales and profitability during the third and fourth fiscal quarters of each calendar year. Weakness and variability in overall economic conditions or in the markets that we serve, or significant reductions by our customers in their inventory levels or future production rates, could result in decreased demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Price increases in raw materials (including price increases due to prolonged inflation or imposition of tariffs) and availability of raw materials, including disruptions in supply chain, could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We purchase resins and fiberglass for use in production as well as hardware and other components for product assembly. The prices for purchased materials are affected by the prices of material feed stocks such as crude oil, natural gas, and downstream components, as well as processing capacity versus demand. If we are unsuccessful in developing ways to mitigate the adverse effects of these raw material price increases or are unable to offset the increase through price increases to our customers, our results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.

We rely upon a global supply chain to deliver the raw materials, components, systems and parts that we need to manufacture and service our products. Any direct or indirect supply chain disruptions, including from the effects of any imposition of tariffs or retaliatory trade measures, pandemics or epidemics, economic slowdowns, recessions, geopolitical events, natural disasters or similar catastrophes, inflation or rising interest rates, may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, recent inflationary pressures have resulted in increased raw material, labor and logistics expenses and evolving trade policies could continue to make sourcing products from foreign countries difficult and costly, including the imposition of tariffs and related retaliatory measures, which may force us to face higher costs that could require us to raise prices for our products, which, may adversely affect our results of operations. If our costs are subject to continuing significant inflationary pressures and/or imposition of tariffs, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability to do so, or any significant delay in our ability to act, could materially harm our results of operations and financial condition.

Long-term fixed price customer contracts could adversely impact operating results in an inflationary economy.

In order to obtain new business in a competitive environment, the Company enters into long-term contracts that fix the customer product price and requires the Company to accept all product orders pursuant to such contracts. These fixed price customer contracts allow for certain price increases but may not provide for recovery of all of the Company's cost increases. As a result, if the Company’s operating costs, such as raw material, labor and overhead costs, increase the Company may not be able to increase the price of products sold to customers under such contracts as well as others enough to offset operating costs increases, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Cost reduction and quality improvement initiatives by original equipment manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are primarily a components supplier to large original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) that are able to exert considerable pressure on components suppliers to reduce costs, improve quality, and provide additional design and engineering capabilities. OEMs continue to demand and receive price reductions and measurable increases in quality through their use of competitive selection processes, rating programs, and various other arrangements. We may be unable

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to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset such price reductions. OEMs may also seek to save costs by purchasing components from suppliers that are geographically closer to their production facilities or relocating production to locations with lower cost structures and purchasing components from suppliers with lower production costs. These decisions by OEMs could require us to shift production between our facilities, move production lines between our facilities, or open new facilities to remain competitive. Shifting production, moving production lines, or opening new locations could result in significant costs required for capital investment, transfer expenses, and operating costs. Additionally, OEMs have generally required component suppliers to provide more design engineering input at earlier stages of the product development process, the costs of which have, in some cases, been absorbed by the suppliers. To the extent that the Company does not meet the quality standards or demands of quality improvement initiatives sought by OEMs, or does not match the quality of suppliers of comparable products, OEMs may choose to purchase from these alternative suppliers, and as a result the Company may lose existing business or not qualify for new business with OEMs. Future price reductions, increased quality standards, and additional engineering capabilities required by OEMs may reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We operate in highly competitive markets, and if we are unable to effectively compete it may negatively impact future operating results, sales, and earnings.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. We compete with a number of other manufacturers that produce and sell similar products. Our products primarily compete on the basis of capability, product quality, cost, and delivery. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources, research and development facilities, design engineering, manufacturing, and marketing capabilities. If we are unable to develop new and innovative products, diversify the markets, materials, and processes we utilize and increase operational enhancements, we may fall behind competitors or lose the ability to achieve competitive advantages. In the highly competitive market in which we operate, this may negatively impact our ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers, and if that occurs, it may negatively impact future operating results, sales, and earnings.

We may be subject to additional shipping expense or late fees if we are not able to meet our customers' on-time demand for our products.

We must continue to meet our customers' demand for on-time delivery of our products. Factors that could result in our inability to meet customer demands include a failure by one or more of our suppliers to supply us with the raw materials and other resources that we need to operate our business effectively, potential quality issues could materialize forcing us to halt, delay or materially adjust deliveries, and an unforeseen spike in demand for our products, which would create capacity constraints, among other factors. If this occurs, we may be required to incur additional shipping expenses to ensure on-time delivery or otherwise be required to pay late fees, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Additionally, our customers may halt or delay their production for the same reason if one of their other suppliers fails to deliver necessary components. This may cause our customers to suspend their orders or instruct us to suspend delivery of our products, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Increasing competition for highly skilled and talented workers, as well as labor shortages, could adversely affect our business.

Our success largely depends on the efforts and abilities of our key personnel and our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Their skills, experience, and industry contacts significantly benefit us. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us or increase labor costs, including high employment levels and government regulations or policies and enforcement. The increasing competition for highly skilled and talented employees has resulted, and could in the future result, in higher compensation costs resulting in difficulties in maintaining a capable workforce. If we are unable to hire and retain skilled employees capable of performing at a high level, or if mitigation measures we may take to respond to a decrease in the availability of skilled laborers, such as overtime and third-party outsourcing, have unintended negative effects, then our business could be adversely affected. A sustained labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor cost inflation, as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees, which could negatively

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affect our ability to efficiently operate our manufacturing facilities and overall business and have other adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

Work stoppages or other labor issues at our facilities or at our customers' facilities, or those of our supplies or vendors, could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As of December 31, 2025, unions at our Columbus, Ohio, Matamoros and Monterrey, Mexico, and Cobourg, Canada facilities represented approximately 65.8% of our entire workforce. As a result, we are subject to the risk of work stoppages and other labor-relations matters. The current Columbus, Ohio, Matamoros, Mexico, Cobourg, Canada, and Monterrey, Mexico union contracts extend through August 12, 2028, December 31, 2026, November 1, 2025 and February 14, 2026, respectively. Any prolonged work stoppage or strike at our unionized facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Any failure by us to reach a new agreement upon expiration of such union contracts may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

In addition, if any of our customers, vendors or suppliers experience a material work stoppage, that customer may halt or limit the purchase of our products or that supplier or vendor may interrupt supply or services of our necessary production components. This could cause us to shut down, partially or completely, production facilities relating to these products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our foreign operations in Mexico and Canada subject us to risks that could negatively affect our business.

We operate manufacturing facilities in Matamoros and Monterrey, Mexico and Cobourg, Canada. As a result, a significant portion of our business and operations is subject to the risk of changes in economic conditions, tax systems, consumer preferences, social conditions, safety and security conditions, and political conditions inherent in Mexico and Canada, including changes in the laws and policies that govern foreign investment, as well as changes in United States laws, policies and regulations relating to foreign trade, investment and relations with these two countries. Changes in laws, policies and regulations related to foreign trade, investment and relations may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. Similarly, the potential imposition of tariffs, especially in Mexico, may lead to further challenges that may negatively affect our business if there is a resulting reduction in demand for our products, result in the loss of customers and harm our competitive position in key markets.

Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of new or increased tariffs and the resulting consequences, as well as U.S. foreign relations, could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Evolving U.S. trade policies and foreign relations could make sourcing and selling products between foreign countries difficult and costly, as the Company and its customers sell foreign produced products into the U.S. and the Company sources a portion of its raw materials used in production from outside of the U.S. For example, in early 2025, the current U.S. administration announced significant new tariffs on foreign imports into the U.S., specifically from Mexico and Canada, all of which were subsequently postponed for 30 days prior to becoming effective. We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. or other countries will impose new or additional quotas, duties, taxes or other similar restrictions upon the import or export of our products in the future, nor can we predict the outcome of negotiations between the U.S. and affected countries, the responses of other countries or regions, exemptions or exclusions that may be granted, availability and cost of alternative sources of supply, and demand for our products in affected markets. The continuing adoption or expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs and prices, our customers, our suppliers, and the economy, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our business is subject to risks associated with manufacturing equipment and infrastructure.

We convert raw materials into molded products through a manufacturing process at each production facility. A catastrophic loss of the use of all or a portion of our facilities due to accident, fire, explosion, natural disaster, interruption or stoppage due to regulatory or governmental action, or other reasons, whether short or long-term, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Unexpected failures of our equipment and machinery may result in production delays, revenue loss, and significant repair costs, as well as injuries to our employees. Any interruption in production capability may require us to make large capital

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expenditures to remedy the situation, which could have a negative impact on our profitability and cash flows. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to offset the lost revenues or increased costs that we may experience during a disruption of our operations. Because we supply our products to OEMs, a temporary or long-term business disruption could result in a permanent loss of customers. If this were to occur, our future sales levels and therefore our profitability could be materially adversely affected.

Our business is subject to risks associated with new business awards. In order to recognize profit from new business, we must accurately estimate product costs as part of the quoting process and implement effective and efficient manufacturing processes. Expected future sales from business awards may not materialize. We may not realize the sales or operating results that we anticipate from new business awards, and we may experience difficulties in meeting the production demands of new business awards.

The success of our business relies on our ability to produce products which meet the quality, performance, and price expectations of our customers. Our ability to recognize profit is largely dependent upon accurately identifying the costs associated with the manufacturing of our products and executing the manufacturing process in a cost-effective manner. All costs may not be accurately identified during the Company's quoting process and the expected level of manufacturing efficiency may not be achieved. As a result, we may not realize the anticipated operating results related to new business awards. We will continue to pursue, and may be awarded, new business from existing or new customers. The Company may make capital investments, which may be material to the Company, in order to meet the expected production requirements of existing or new customers related to these business awards, and to support the potential production demands which may result from continued sales growth. The anticipated impact on the Company's sales and operating results related to these business awards may not materialize, as our growth could be adversely affected by many factors, including macroeconomic events such as inflation, recession, and interest rate increases, competition, and labor market shortages or regulations. Any delays or production difficulties encountered in connection with these business awards, and any change in customer demand, could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and liquidity, and the benefits we anticipate may never materialize.

We have made acquisitions and may make acquisitions in the future. We may not realize the operating results that we anticipate from these acquisitions or from acquisitions or business exits we may make in the future, and we may experience difficulties in integrating the acquired businesses or may inherit significant liabilities related to such businesses.

We explore opportunities to acquire businesses that we believe are related to our core competencies, some of which may be material to us. We expect such acquisitions will produce operating results consistent with our other operations; however, any such acquisition could fail to produce the expected operating results.

Any acquisitions may present significant challenges for our management due to the increased time and resources required to properly integrate management, employees, information systems, accounting controls, personnel, operations, and administrative functions of the acquired business with those of ours and to manage the combined company on a going forward basis. The diversion of management's attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the integration of these businesses could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and liquidity, and the benefits we anticipate may never materialize.

If we are unable to meet future capital requirements, our business may be adversely affected.

As we grow our business, we may have to incur significant capital expenditures. We may make capital investments to, among other things, build new or upgrade our facilities, purchase equipment, and enhance our production processes. We may not have, or be able to obtain, adequate funds to make all necessary capital expenditures when required, and the amount of future capital expenditures may be materially in excess of our anticipated or current expenditures. If we are unable to make necessary capital expenditures we may not have the capability to support our customer demands, which in turn could reduce our sales and profitability and impair our ability to satisfy our customers' expectations. The need for additional capital may necessitate that the Company incur further indebtedness or issue additional stock in the equity markets in order to raise the capital needed. In addition, even if we are able to invest sufficient resources, these investments may not generate net sales that exceed our expenses, generate any net sales at all, or result in any commercially acceptable products.

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We may not achieve expected efficiencies related to the proximity of our customers' production facilities to our manufacturing facilities, or with respect to existing or future production relocation plans.

Certain facilities are located in close proximity to our customers in order to minimize both our customers' and our own costs. If any of our customers were to move or if nearby facilities are closed or impaired, that may impact our ability to remain competitive. Additionally, our competitors could build a facility that is closer to our customers' facilities which may provide them with a geographic advantage. Any of these events might require us to move closer to our customers, build new facilities, or shift production between our current facilities to meet our customers' needs, resulting in additional cost and expense.

Our products may be rendered obsolete or less attractive if there are changes in technology, regulatory requirements, governmental policies or competitive processes.

Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and competitive processes may render certain products obsolete or less attractive. Future chemical regulations may restrict our ability to manufacture products, cause us to incur substantial expenditures to comply with them, and subject us to liability for adverse environmental or health effects linked to the manufacture of our products. Failure to comply with future regulations and policies may subject us to penalties or other enforcement actions. Our ability to anticipate changes in these areas will be a significant factor in our ability to remain competitive. If we are unable to identify or compensate for any one of these changes it may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We may incur costs, time, and other resources by developing strategies, plans, and programs to expand and grow our business which may produce short term success but not achieve the targeted or promoted growth, revenue or profitability projections, estimates or targets that we set and announce which may negatively impact our financial results and not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of these strategies, plans, or programs.

Our ability to achieve our business and financial objectives is subject to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. For example, we may not be successful in implementing our strategy or plans for growth and expansion if unforeseen factors emerge diminishing the current levels or any future expected growth in our business, or we experience increased pressure on our margins. Furthermore, our future growth is dependent in part on us making the right investments at the right time in people, technology, product development, manufacturing capacity and/or locations, and to expand into new markets where our business and products will thrive. If we fail to realize expected rates of return on our investments, we may incur losses on such investments to implement or growth strategies or plans and be unable to timely redeploy the invested capital to take advantage of other markets, potentially resulting in lost market share to our competitors and unplanned losses. As a result, costs and expenses relating to such growth strategies and plans may vary significantly from year to year depending on the scope of such activities. Such costs and expenses could adversely impact our financial results.

Failure to manage periods of growth or contraction may seriously harm our business.

Our industry frequently sees periods of expansion and contraction which require companies to adjust to customers’ needs and market demands. We regularly contend with these issues and must carefully manage our business to meet customer and market requirements. If we fail to manage these growth and contraction decisions effectively, we may find ourselves with either excess or insufficient resources and our business and our profitability could suffer as a result.

Periods of contraction or reduced net sales, or other factors negatively affecting particular markets, require us to assess whether facilities remain viable, whether staffing levels need to be reduced, and how to respond to changing levels of customer demand. While maintaining excess capacity or higher levels of employment entails short-term costs, reductions in capacity or employment could impair our ability to respond to new opportunities and programs, market improvements or to maintain customer relationships. Our decisions to reduce costs and capacity can affect our short-term and long-term results and result in restructuring charges.

Expansions, including the transfer of operations to other facilities and aggressive growth strategies, include the risk of additional costs and start-up inefficiencies. If we are unable to effectively manage our expansion projects or related anticipated net sales are not realized, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We may be unable to successfully execute and realize the expected financial benefits from strategic initiatives.

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From time to time, our business has engaged in strategic initiatives for growth and other objectives, and such activities may occur in the future. While we expect meaningful financial benefits from our strategic initiatives, we may not realize the full benefits expected within the anticipated timeframe. Adverse effects from strategy-driven organizational or operational changes or initiatives could interfere with our realization of anticipated synergies, customer service improvements and cost savings from these strategic initiatives. Additionally, our ability to fully realize the benefits and implement strategic initiatives may be limited by certain contractual commitments. Moreover, we may incur substantial expenses in connection with the execution of strategic plans in excess of what is forecasted. Further, strategic initiatives can be a complex and time-consuming process that can place substantial demands on management, which could divert attention from other business priorities or disrupt our daily operations. Any of these failures could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, which could constrain our liquidity.

Customers may cancel, delay or change the scope of projects or orders. As a result, unexpected changes or fluctuation in our backlog can impact our on production schedules and implementation of our production processes which can have an adverse effect on our financial results and not be indicative of our future revenue or financial performance..

Customers may cancel, delay or change the scope of projects or orders for reasons beyond our control. If a customer elects to cancel an order, we may not realize the full amount of revenues included in our backlog and the typical timeline for our ordered backlog of expected shipments may be extended for a period of time that impacts our revenues and productions schedules which can have an adverse impact on our financial performance and revenue projections. Furthermore, if we receive relatively large orders in any given quarter or time period, fluctuations in the levels of our quarterly backlog can result because the backlog in that quarter may reach levels that may not be sustained in subsequent quarters. As a result, our backlog may not be indicative of our future revenues and there is no guarantee that we will ship all orders that comprise our backlog.

Financial and Accounting Risks

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, or financial condition.

Because of our international operations, we are exposed to risk associated with value changes in foreign currencies, which may adversely affect our business. Historically, our reported net sales, earnings, cash flow, and financial condition have been subjected to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our primary exchange rate exposure is with the Canadian dollar and the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. We may experience losses from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and such losses could adversely affect our sales, earnings, cash flow, liquidity, results of operations or financial condition.

Our stock price can be volatile.

Our stock price can fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors. Factors include actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results, our relatively small public float, changes in securities analysts' estimates of our future earnings, the loss of major customers, or significant business developments relating to us or our competitors, and other factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section. Our common stock also has a low average daily trading volume, which limits a person's ability to quickly accumulate or quickly divest themselves of large blocks of our stock. In addition, a low average trading volume can lead to significant price swings even when a relatively few number of shares are being traded. On March 11, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $7,500,000 of its outstanding shares of common stock. Repurchases of shares of common stock under the stock repurchase program are made in the open market. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be suspended or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion. Company stock repurchases under the program may result in common stock price and volume fluctuations. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 201,999 common shares under the stock repurchase program and had a remaining repurchase authorization of $1,387,000 as of December 31, 2025.

We have incurred impairment charges in the past and we may be required to incur additional impairment charges in the future on a portion or all of the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets associated with our reporting unit which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Each year, and more frequently on an interim basis if appropriate, we are required by ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” to assess the carrying value of our indefinite lived intangible assets and goodwill to determine

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whether the carrying value of those assets is impaired. Such assessment and determination involves significant judgments to estimate the fair value of our reporting unit including estimating future cash flows, near term and long term revenue growth, and determining appropriate discount rates, among other assumptions. As of December 31, 2025, goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles were $20,855,000, or 9.1% of our total assets. If operating earnings fall below forecasted operating earnings, we would perform an interim or annual goodwill impairment analysis. Should that analysis conclude that the reporting unit’s fair value were to be below carrying value a goodwill impairment charge would be necessary. Any such charges could materially adversely affect our financial results in the periods in which they are recorded.

Our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may be insufficient to allow us to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and this could cause our financial statements to become materially misleading and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

We require effective internal control over financial reporting in order to provide reasonable assurance with respect to our financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we cannot provide reasonable assurance with respect to our financial statements and effectively prevent fraud, our financial statements could become materially misleading, which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. If we are not able to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be harmed. Any material weakness could affect investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements. As a result, our ability to obtain any additional financing, or additional financing on favorable terms, could be materially and adversely affected. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and the market value of our stock and require us to incur additional costs to improve our internal control systems and procedures. In addition, perceptions of the Company among customers, suppliers, lenders, regulators, investors, securities analysts, and others could also be adversely affected. Material weaknesses may arise in the future due to our failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting.

Our failure to comply with our debt covenants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

The Company’s credit agreements contain certain covenants. The Company’s ability to borrow money and repay existing debt on scheduled terms under its existing credit agreements requires the Company to be compliant with its covenants. If a default of covenants were to occur, we may not be able to pay our debts or borrow sufficient funds, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Legal, Insurance, Tax and Cybersecurity Risks

Changes in the legal, regulatory, and social responses, including those of stockholder activist organizations, to climate change, including any possible effect on energy prices, could adversely affect our business and reduce our profitability.

Many of our products are made from a material whose manufacturing process involves the emission of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that scientists have attributed as a cause of climate change. Our products require transportation from our facilities to the site where they are used, which consumes energy. Although it is uncertain at this time precisely what actions various governmental bodies will take early to address the effects of climate change and to achieve goals in response to the potential effects of climate change, various proposed legislative or regulatory initiatives related to climate changes, such as cap-and-trade systems, increased limits on emissions of greenhouse gases and fuel efficiency standards, or other measures, could in the future have a material impact on us, our customers, or the markets we serve, thereby resulting in a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operation. For example, customers in the transportation (automotive and truck) industry could be required to incur greater costs in order to comply with such initiatives, which could have an adverse impact on their profitability or viability. This could in turn lead to further changes in the structure of the transportation industry that could reduce demand for our products. We are also reliant on energy to manufacture our products, with our operating costs being subject to increase if energy costs rise. If new regulations would result in higher energy costs we may not be able to recover our operating cost increases through production efficiencies and price increases. Increases in energy prices for any reason (including as a result of new initiatives related to climate change) will increase our operating costs and likely reduce our profitability. Until the timing, scope and extent of any future regulation becomes known, we cannot predict its effect on our cost structure or our operating results, but it is likely our costs will

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increase in relation to any climate change legislation and regulation concerning greenhouse gases, which could have an adverse effect on our future financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In addition, changes in weather severity may result in sufficient insurance availability to be limited or the price of insurance to materially increase. The Company, its suppliers and customers are located in areas that may be subject to damage or disruption due to changes in weather severity (i.e. floods, hurricanes, fires, etc.). Although the Company maintains property and business interruption insurance, damage from a weather event, natural disaster, or disruption in the supply chain or customer demand may not be fully covered by our insurance and could cause a material adverse impact on our business. Disruption in our supply chain could also have an adverse effect on our ability to manufacture and deliver our products on a timely basis, and thereby affect our results of operations. Thus, any supply chain disruption, however small, could potentially cause the complete shutdown of an assembly line of one of our customers, and any such shutdown could expose us to claims for compensation. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient insurance coverage or the cost of insurance materially increases, the Company’s financial condition and results of operation could be materially impacted.

We may be subject to product liability claims, recalls or warranty claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

As a components supplier to OEMs, we face a business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that our products malfunction and result in significant property damage, personal injury or death. Product liability claims could result in significant losses as a result of expenses incurred in defending claims or the award of damages. In addition, we may be required to participate in recalls involving components sold by us if any prove to be defective, or we may voluntarily initiate a recall or make payments related to such claims in order to maintain positive customer relationships. While we do maintain product liability insurance, it may not be sufficient to cover all product liability claims, and as a result, any product liability claim brought against us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, we warrant the quality of our products under limited warranties, and as such, we are subject to risk of warranty claims in the event that our products do not conform to our customers’ specifications. Such warranty claims may result in costly product recalls, significant repair costs, and damage to our reputation, all of which would adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our inability to protect our proprietary information and enforce our intellectual property rights through infringement proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely principally on nondisclosure agreements, other contractual arrangements, trade secret law, trademark registration, and patents to protect our intellectual property. However, these measures may be inadequate to protect our intellectual property from infringement by others or to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do U.S. laws. Our inability to protect our proprietary information and enforce our intellectual property rights through infringement proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We could also be subject to claims that we may be infringing certain patent or other intellectual property rights of third parties. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of patent and other intellectual property litigation, such litigation could result in our payment of significant monetary damages and/or royalty payments, negatively impact our ability to sell current or future products, reduce the market value of our products and services, lower our profits, and could otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Finally, certain subcontractors, vendors, and third parties provide services that are complimentary and compatible with our products and processes. If we are unable to secure access and/or rights to any such third party services, our ability to continue to produce our products without interruption could be challenged, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operation, and demand for our products.

Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect against the potential hazards to our business.

We maintain property, business interruption, stop loss for health care and workers' compensation, director and officer, product liability, cyber, and casualty insurance coverage, but such insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential claims, including losses resulting from war risks, terrorist acts, or product liability claims relating to products we manufacture. Consistent with market conditions in the insurance industry, premiums and deductibles for some of our insurance policies have been increasing and may continue to increase in the future. In some instances, some types of

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insurance may become available only for reduced amounts of coverage, if at all. In addition, our insurers may challenge coverage for certain claims. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we were not fully insured or that our insurers disputed, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

We are subject to environmental, occupational health and safety rules and regulations that may require us to make substantial expenditures or expose us to financial or other obligations including substantial damages, penalties, fines, civil or criminal sanctions, and remediation costs that could adversely affect our results.

Our operations, facilities, and personnel are subject to extensive and evolving state and federal laws and regulations pertaining to air emissions, wastewater discharges, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous materials and wastes, health and safety, the investigation and remediation of contamination, and the protection of the environment and natural resources. It is difficult to predict the future interpretations and developments of environmental and health and safety laws, policies, and regulations or their impact on our future results and cash flows. Continued compliance could result in significant increases in capital expenditures and operating costs. In addition, we may be exposed to obligations or involved from time to time in administrative or legal proceedings relating to environmental, health and safety or other regulatory matters, and may incur financial and other obligations relating to such matters that could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our provision for income tax, adverse tax audits, or changes in tax policy could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Our provision for income taxes and cash flow related to taxes may be negatively impacted by: (1) changes in the mix of earnings taxable in jurisdictions with different statutory rates, (2) changes in tax laws and accounting principles, (3) changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, (4) discovery of new information during the course of tax return preparation, (5) increases in nondeductible expenses, or (6) being subject to include foreign income in the United States as part of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income or the GILTI tax provision. Tax audits may also negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are subject to continued examination of our income tax returns, and tax authorities may disagree with our tax positions and assess additional tax. We regularly evaluate the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Outcomes from examinations may have a negative impact on our future financial condition and operating results.

We may use artificial intelligence in our business and operations, and challenges with effectively managing its use could harm our business and expose us to costly liability.

Our use of artificial intelligence technologies carries inherent risks, and there can be no assurance that our use of artificial intelligence will enhance our products or achieve any improvements in innovation or efficiency. In addition, we could be exposed to liability as a result of any misuse of artificial intelligence and machine learning-technology by our personnel while carrying out Company responsibilities. We also face risks of competitive disadvantage if our competitors more effectively use artificial intelligence to drive internal efficiencies or create new or enhanced products. If we fail to effectively manage our use of artificial intelligence in our business and operations, our business could be harmed or we could be exposed to costly liability, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Cybersecurity incidents may threaten our confidential information, disrupt operations and result in harm to our reputation and adversely impact our business and financial performance.

Cybersecurity incidents across industries, including ours, are increasing in sophistication and frequency and may range from uncoordinated individual attempts to measures targeted specifically at us. These attacks include but are not limited to, malicious software or viruses, attempts to gain unauthorized access to, or otherwise disrupt, our information systems, attempts to gain unauthorized access to business, proprietary or other confidential information, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. Cybersecurity failures may be caused by employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of our customers, vendors, suppliers, and their products. We have been subject to cybersecurity incidents in the past. Based on information known to date, past incidents have not had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, if our controls are not effective in timely identifying the occurrence of material cybersecurity incidents involving our information systems or data, then we may not comply with the SEC’s cybersecurity disclosure regulations, which could lead to regulatory action, fines, penalties, inquiries or reprimands that adversely impact our business, as well as lead to a decline in customer engagement or confidence, negative publicity,

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and possibly an increase in our operating costs to improve monitoring and compliance features relating to cybersecurity. The rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies may intensify these risks. We, or third parties who provide material services to us, may experience such incidents in the future, potentially with more frequency or sophistication. In the conduct of our business, we collect, use, transmit and store data on information systems, which are vulnerable to disruption and an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Failures of our IT systems as a result of cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions could result in a breach of critical operational or financial controls and lead to a disruption of our operations, commercial activities or financial processes. Cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions impacting significant customers and/or suppliers could also lead to a disruption of our operations or commercial activities. Despite our attempts to implement safeguards on our systems and mitigate potential risks, our actions may not be sufficient to prevent cyberattacks or security breaches that manipulate or improperly use our systems or networks, compromise confidential or otherwise protected information, destroy or corrupt data, or otherwise disrupt our operations. The occurrence of such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to Economic Conditions

Economic conditions and disruptions in the financial markets could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Disruptions or unpredictable variability in the financial markets could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition if our ability to borrow money were to be impaired. Disruptions or unpredictable variability in the financial markets may also have a material adverse impact on the availability and cost of credit in the future. Our ability to pay our debt or refinance our obligations will depend on our future performance, which could be affected by, among other things, prevailing economic conditions. Disruptions in the financial markets may also have an adverse effect on the U.S. and world economies, which would have a negative impact on demand for our products. In addition, tightening of credit markets may have an adverse impact on our customers' ability to finance the sale of their products or our suppliers' ability to provide us with raw materials, either of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY

Core Molding Technologies and its subsidiaries operate in the engineered materials market as one operating segment as a molder of thermoplastic and thermoset structural products. During the year ended December 31, 2025 the Company's operating segment consisted of one component reporting unit. The Company produces and sells molded products for varied markets, including medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, building products, industrial and utilities and other commercial markets. Core Molding Technologies has its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operates six production facilities in the United States, Canada and Mexico.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

General

The Company’s business and operating results are directly affected by changes in overall customer demand, operational costs, and performance and leverage of our fixed cost and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") infrastructure.

Product sales fluctuate in response to several factors, including many that are beyond the Company’s control, such as general economic conditions, interest rates, government regulations, consumer spending, labor availability, and our customers’ production rates and inventory levels. Product sales consist of demand from customers in many different markets with different levels of cyclicality and seasonality. The Company's largest market, North American truck, which is highly cyclical, accounted for 44%, 56%, and 52% of the Company’s product revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Operating performance is dependent on the Company’s ability to manage changes in input costs for items such as raw materials, labor, and overhead operating costs. The Company has certain contractual commitments that restrict its ability to pass through changes in input costs to certain customers. As a result, during periods of significant increases or decreases in input costs operating results may be impacted.

Performance is also affected by manufacturing efficiencies, including items such as on time delivery, quality, scrap, and productivity. Market factors of supply and demand can impact operating costs. In periods of rapid increases or decreases in customer demand, the Company is required to ramp operational activity up or down quickly, which may impact manufacturing efficiencies more than in periods of steady demand.

Operating performance is also dependent on the Company’s ability to effectively launch new customer programs, which are typically extremely complex in nature. The start of production of a new program is the result of a process of developing new molds and assembly equipment, validation testing, manufacturing process design, development and testing, along with training and often hiring employees. Meeting the targeted levels of manufacturing efficiency for new programs usually occurs over time as the Company gains experience with new tools and processes. Therefore, during a new program launch period, start-up costs and inefficiencies can affect operating results.

Business Outlook

Looking forward, based on industry analyst projections, customer forecasts, cyclical demand, anticipated program launches and price changes, the Company expects revenues for the calendar year 2026 to increase by approximately 0 to 5 percent as compared to 2025 and the second half of 2026 to be greater than the first half of 2026. The Company also expects a consistent mix in 2026 as compared to 2025 between product revenues and tooling revenues as new programs launch during 2026. In 2026, the Company expects to incur incremental one-time costs of approximately $2,500,000 in connection with the Mexico Expansion Project, primarily related to press relocations and the temporary overlap of two facility leases in Monterrey, as well as approximately $1,000,000 associated with the Company’s succession plan. Both expenses will primarily be incurred during the first half of 2026 and will be recorded in Selling, General, and Administrative expenses.

The Company continues to monitor evolving geopolitical tensions involving Iran and any potential impact such developments may have on global supply chains, such as cost and availability. While disruptions could create volatility in the costs of certain inputs used in the Company’s manufacturing processes, the Company maintains contractual raw material adjustment mechanisms with many of its customers that allow for changes in material costs to be passed through, which may help mitigate the financial impact of such fluctuations.

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2025 compared to 2024

Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 totaled $273,798,000 and $302,378,000, respectively. Included in total sales were tooling project sales of $41,593,000 and $11,286,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These sales are sporadic in nature and fluctuate in regard to scope and related revenue on a period-to-period basis. Product sales, excluding tooling project sales, for the year ended December 31, 2025 were $232,205,000 compared to $291,092,000 for the same period in 2024. The decrease in sales is primarily the result of lower demand from the medium and heavy-duty truck and power sports, including transitioning the Company's business with Volvo from existing programs that the Company currently supplies to new programs that the Company does not support, offset by new program launches and price increases.

The Company's product sales for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 by market are as follows (in thousands):

Medium and heavy-duty truck

Power sports

Building products

Industrial and utilities

All other

Net product revenue

Gross margin was approximately 17.4% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared with 17.6% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The gross margin percentage decrease was due to unfavorable product mix and production inefficiencies of 1.0% offset by net changes in selling price and raw material cost of 0.8%.

Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") totaled $33,364,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, which included severance expense of $1,455,000 and portfolio optimization related expense of $420,000. Excluding severance and portfolio optimization costs, SG&A cost for the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled $31,489,000 compared to $35,271,000, when excluding $1,294,000 of severance costs in 2024. Decreased SG&A expenses resulted primarily from lower bonus, labor and benefits of $2,044,000 and lower stock compensation of $761,000, offset by higher healthcare cost of $628,000.

Net interest expense totaled $1,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to net interest income of $193,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recognized interest income of $1,218,000 from investment of the Company's accumulated cash balances during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $1,443,000 in 2024.

Income tax expense was approximately $3,482,000, or 23.7% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2025. Income tax expense was approximately $4,182,000, or 23.9% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company recorded net income for 2025 of $11,195,000 or $1.29 per diluted share, compared with net income of $13,299,000 or $1.51 per diluted share for 2024.

Comprehensive income totaled $12,841,000 in 2025, compared with comprehensive income of $10,290,000 in 2024. The increase was primarily related to increase of foreign currency hedges of $4,605,000 offset by decreases in net income of $2,104,000.

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2024 compared to 2023

Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $302,378,000 and $357,738,000, respectively. Included in total sales were tooling project sales of $11,286,000 and $10,363,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These sales are sporadic in nature and fluctuate in regard to scope and related revenue on a period-to-period basis. Product sales, excluding tooling project sales, for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $291,092,000 compared to $347,375,000 for the same period in 2023. The decrease in sales is primarily the result of lower demand from customers in all of the Company's significant markets.

The Company's product sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 by market are as follows (in thousands):

Medium and heavy-duty truck

Power sports

Building products

Industrial and utilities

All other

Net product revenue

Gross margin was approximately 17.6% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with 18.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The gross margin percentage decrease was due to lower fixed cost leverage of 1.4% and unfavorable product mix and production inefficiencies of 1.3% offset by net changes in selling price and raw material cost of 2.3%.

Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") totaled $36,565,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, which included severance expense of $1,294,000. Excluding severance expense, SG&A cost for the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled $35,271,000 compared to $37,983,000 in 2023. Decreased SG&A expenses resulted primarily from lower bonus, labor and benefits of $2,380,000 and lower stock compensation of $426,000, offset by higher foreign currency translation of $1,336,000.

Net interest income totaled $193,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net interest expense of $1,011,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recognized interest income of $1,443,000 from investment of the Company's accumulated cash balances during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $357,000 in 2023.

Income tax expense was approximately $4,182,000, or 23.9% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024. Income tax expense was approximately $5,422,000, or 21.3% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in tax expense percentage year-over-year was due to increase in foreign taxes and permanent compensation differences, offset by foreign direct investment tax deduction.

The Company recorded net income for 2024 of $13,299,000 or $1.51 per diluted share, compared with net income of $20,324,000 or $2.31 per diluted share for 2023.

Comprehensive income totaled $10,290,000 in 2024, compared with comprehensive income of $22,572,000 in 2023. The decrease was primarily related to decreases in net income of $7,025,000, foreign currency hedges of $2,674,000, and post retirement benefit plan adjustments of $2,747,000.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flow

The Company’s primary sources of funds have been cash generated from operating activities and borrowings from third parties. Primary cash requirements are for operating expenses, capital expenditures, repayments of debt, and acquisitions. The Company from time to time will enter into foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps to mitigate risk of foreign exchange and interest rate volatility. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $66,856,000 and $19,843,000, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $29,668,000 and $21,719,000, respectively.

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $19,185,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025. Net income of $11,195,000 positively impacted operating cash flows. Cash flows were positively impacted by non-cash deductions in net income from depreciation and amortization and share based compensation of $12,348,000 and $1,788,000, respectively. An increase in working capital of $5,332,000 resulted in a decrease in cash. The decrease in cash from working capital was primarily related to net changes in accounts payable, inventory and prepaid and other assets.

Cash used in investing activities totaled $17,268,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, of which $10,809,000 relates to purchases of property, plant and equipment for additional capacity, automation, new programs and equipment improvements at the Company’s production facilities and $6,459,000 relates to the Mexico expansion project. At December 31, 2025, purchase commitments for capital expenditures in progress were approximately $13,766,000. The Company anticipates spending approximately $25,000,000 to $30,000,000 during 2026 on property, plant and equipment purchases for all of the Company's operations. Included in the Company's anticipated spending in 2026 is approximately $18,000,000 to $20,000,000 for the Mexico expansion project.

Cash used in financing activities totaled $5,662,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025. Cash activity primarily consisted of the purchase of treasury stock related to the Company's stock buy back plan of $3,174,000, repayments of long-term debt of $1,887,000 and purchase of treasury stock of $601,000 in exchange for payment of taxes related to net share settlements of equity awards.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had $38,058,000 of cash on hand, an available revolving line of credit of $25,000,000 and capex line of credit of $25,000,000. If a material adverse change in the financial position of the Company should occur, or if actual sales or expenses are substantially different than what has been forecasted, the Company's liquidity and ability to obtain further financing to fund future operating and capital requirements could be negatively impacted.

Management believes cash on hand, cash flow from operating activities and available borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement will be sufficient to meet the Company’s current liquidity needs.

Huntington Credit Agreement

On July 22, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement and on March 7, 2024, entered into the First Amendment to the credit agreement (as amended, the “Huntington Credit Agreement”) with The Huntington National Bank (“Huntington”), as the sole lender, administrative agent, lead arranger and book runner, and the lenders from time to time thereto. Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured loans (the “Huntington Loans”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $75,000,000 ($38,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022), comprised of three $25,000,000 commitments: a term loan commitment, a CapEx loan commitment, and a revolving loan commitment.

At the option of the Company, the Huntington Loans shall be comprised of Alternative Base Rate (ABR) Loans or Secure Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Loans.

ABR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to ABR plus a margin of 280 to 330 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. ABR is the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50% per annum and (c) Daily Simple SOFR for such day (taking into account any floor set forth in the definition of “Daily Simple SOFR”) plus 1.00% per annum; provided, that if the ABR shall be less than 0.00%, then ABR shall be deemed to be 0.00%.

SOFR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus a margin of 180 to 230 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. Daily Simple SOFR means, for any day (a “SOFR Rate Day”), a rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) SOFR for the day (such day, the “SOFR Determination Date”) that is five (5) U.S.

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Government Securities Business Days prior to (i) if such SOFR Rate Day is a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, such SOFR Rate Day or (ii) if such SOFR Rate Day is not a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, the U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately preceding such SOFR Rate Day, in each case, as such SOFR is published by the SOFR Administrator on the SOFR Administrator’s Website, and (b) 0.00%.

The Company’s obligations under the Huntington Credit Agreement are secured by all of the U.S. and Canadian assets of the Company, including all of its equity interests in each of the Company’s U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and 65% of the Company’s equity interest in its Mexican subsidiaries, and are unconditionally guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company.

The Huntington Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, conditions, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of December 31, 2025.

Voluntary prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Huntington Loans are permitted at any time without premium or penalty.

In connection with the credit agreement, the Company incurred debt origination fees of $402,000 related to the Huntington Credit Agreement, which is being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. The aggregate unamortized deferred financing fees as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $129,000 and $210,000, respectively.

Huntington Capex Loan

Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured Capex loan (the “Huntington Capex Loan”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 (none of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022 and through December 31, 2025). Proceeds of the Huntington Capex Loan would be used to finance the ongoing capital expenditure needs of the Company.

Any borrowings from the Huntington Capex Loan will be converted to new term loans annually each February, beginning February 2025, and will have monthly principal repayments based on a sixty-month amortization period with all amounts outstanding on the Huntington Capex Loan being fully due on July 22, 2027.

Huntington Revolving Loan

Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a revolving loan commitment (the “Huntington Revolving Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($13,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Company has $25,000,000 of available revolving loans of which none is outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The interest rate for the Huntington Revolving Loan was 5.46% as of December 31, 2025.

The Huntington Credit Agreement makes available to the Company a revolving commitment in the maximum amount of $25,000,000 at the Company’s option at any time during the five-year period following the closing. The revolving loan commitment terminates, and all outstanding borrowings thereunder must be repaid on July 22, 2027.

Huntington Term Loan

Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a Term Loan commitment (the “Huntington Term Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($25,000,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Huntington Term Loan is to be repaid in monthly installments beginning August 2022 of $104,000 per month for the first 24 months, $156,000 per month for the next 24 months, $208,000 for the next 12 months and the remaining balance to be paid on July 22, 2027. The interest rate for the Huntington Term Loan was 5.46% as of December 31, 2025.

Interest Rate Swap Agreement

The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that became effective July 22, 2022 and continues through July 2027, which was designed as a cash flow hedge for an initial aggregate amount of $25,000,000 of the Huntington Term Loan. Under this agreement, the Company will pay a fixed SOFR rate of 2.95% to the swap counterparty in exchange for the Term Loans daily variable SOFR. The fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $23,000 at December 31, 2025.

Shelf Registration

On December 22, 2023 the Company filed a universal shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which became effective on January 8, 2024. The Registration Statement replaces an existing shelf Registration Statement which expired on December 16, 2023. The Registration Statement registered common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, depositary shares, rights, units, and any combination of the foregoing, for a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $50 million, which may be sold from time to time. The terms of any securities offered under the Registration Statement and intended use of

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proceeds will be established at the times of the offerings and will be described in prospectus supplements filed with the SEC at the times of the offerings. The Registration Statement has a three-year term.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS

The Company has the following minimum commitments under contractual obligations, including purchase obligations, as defined by the SEC. A “purchase obligation” is defined as an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on the Company and that specifies all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Other long-term liabilities are defined as long-term liabilities that are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Based on this definition, the table below includes only those contracts which include fixed or minimum obligations. It does not include normal purchases, which are made in the ordinary course of business.

The following table provides aggregated information about the maturities of contractual obligations and other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2025:

2030 and

after

Total

Long-term debt

Interest (A)

Operating lease obligations

Contractual commitments for capital expenditures

Post retirement benefits

Total

(A) Estimated future interest payments based on the effective interest rate as of December 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discuss the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill and other long-lived assets, self-insurance, post-retirement benefits, revenue recognition and income taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Management believes the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

Accounts Receivable Allowances

Management maintains allowances for credit losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company determined that $58,000 allowance for credit losses was needed at December 31, 2025 and no allowances for credit losses was needed at December 31, 2024. Management also records estimates for customer returns and deductions, discounts offered to customers, and for price

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adjustments. Should customer returns and deductions, discounts, and price adjustments fluctuate from the estimated amounts, additional allowances may be required. The Company had an allowance for estimated chargebacks of $212,000 at December 31, 2025 and $227,000 at December 31, 2024.

Inventories

Inventories, which include material, labor and manufacturing overhead, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The inventories are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of determining inventory costs. Inventory quantities on-hand are regularly reviewed, and where necessary, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory are recorded based on historical and anticipated usage. The Company has recorded an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $1,137,000 at December 31, 2025 and $1,392,000 at December 31, 2024.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangibles. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. The Company evaluates, whether impairment exists for long-lived assets on the basis of undiscounted expected future cash flows from operations before interest. There was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

Goodwill

The purchase consideration of acquired businesses have been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on the estimated fair values on the respective acquisition dates. Based on these values, the excess purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill. The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. FASB ASC Topic 350 prohibits the amortization of goodwill and requires these assets be reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level.

The annual impairment tests of goodwill may be completed through qualitative assessments; however the Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test for the reporting unit in any period. The Company may resume the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit in any subsequent period.

Under a qualitative and quantitative approach, the impairment test for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. As part of the qualitative assessment, the Company considers relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the Company. Such events and circumstances could include changes in economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit specific events and capital markets pricing. The Company places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect the Company's fair value or carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform step one of the impairment test. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company proceeds to a quantitative approach.

The Company performed its annual impairment test for the years end December 31, 2025 and 2024, and determined there was no impairment of the Company’s goodwill.

Self-Insurance

The Company is self-insured with respect to Columbus, Ohio; Gaffney, South Carolina; Winona, Minnesota; and Brownsville, Texas for medical, dental and vision claims and Columbus, Ohio for workers’ compensation claims, all of which are subject to stop-loss insurance thresholds. The Company is also self-insured for dental and vision with respect to its Cobourg, Canada location. The Company has recorded an estimated liability for self-insured medical, dental and vision claims incurred but not reported and worker’s compensation claims incurred but not reported at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 of $845,000 and $1,087,000, respectively. The accrual was included within the Other Current Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Post-Retirement Benefits

Management records an accrual for post-retirement costs associated with the health care plan sponsored by the Company for certain retirees. Should actual results differ from the assumptions used to determine the reserves, additional provisions may be required. In particular, increases in future healthcare costs above the assumptions could have an adverse effect on

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the Company's operations. The effect of a change in healthcare costs is described in Note 14 - Post Retirement Benefits . The Company had a liability for post-retirement healthcare benefits based on actuarial computed estimates of $3,287,000 at December 31, 2025 and $3,298,000 at December 31, 2024.

Revenue Recognition

The Company historically has recognized revenue from two streams, product revenue and tooling revenue. Product revenue is earned from the manufacture and sale of sheet molding compound and thermoset and thermoplastic products. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized as products are shipped, as the Company transfers control to the customer and is entitled to payment upon shipment. In certain circumstances, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when products are produced and the customer takes control at our production facility.

Tooling revenue is earned from manufacturing multiple tools, molds and assembly equipment as part of a tooling program for a customer. Given that the Company is providing a significant service of producing highly interdependent component parts of the tooling program, each tooling program consists of a single performance obligation to provide the customer the capability to produce a single product. Based on the arrangement with the customer, the Company recognizes revenue either at a point in time or over time. When the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment, the Company recognizes tooling revenue at a point in time. In such cases, the Company recognizes revenue upon customer acceptance, which is when the customer has legal title to the tools.

Certain tooling programs include an enforceable right to payment. In those cases, the Company recognizes revenue over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of its performance obligation. The Company uses a cost-to-cost measure of progress for such contracts because it best depicts the transfer of value to the customer and also correlates with the amount of consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company evaluates the balance of deferred tax assets that will be realized based on the premise that the Company is more likely than not to realize deferred tax benefits through the generation of future taxable income. Management makes assumptions, judgments, and estimates to determine our current and deferred tax provision and also the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates provisions and deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available evidence.

As of December 31, 2025 the Company had a net deferred tax asset of $1,402,000 and $221,000 related to tax positions in Mexico and Canada and deferred tax liabilities of $1,035,000 related to tax positions in the United States. Deferred tax assets are included in "Other non-current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and deferred tax liabilities are included in "Other non-current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had a valuation allowance of $1,327,000 against the deferred tax asset related to local (city) jurisdiction tax positions, due to cumulative losses over the last three years in the local jurisdiction and uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to realize the deferred assets. The Company believes that the net deferred tax assets associated with the Mexican and Canada tax jurisdictions are more-likely-than-not to be realizable based on estimates of future taxable income.

Management recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional disclosures regarding income taxes paid. The Company has fully implemented the requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the current reporting period and has included the corresponding disaggregated reconciliation tables and income tax paid disclosures within the related footnote. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. (See Note 13, Income Taxes.)

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