PAR Par Technology Corp - 10-K

Item 1A.     RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. The risks described below are not the only risks or uncertainties we face. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently believe to be immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and stock price.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

We face extensive competition in our markets, and our failure to compete effectively could result in decreased demand for our products and services and/or price reductions, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to achieve and sustain profitability and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The markets for our products and services are characterized by rapid technological advances, intense competition among existing and emerging competitors, fluid and evolving industry practices, disruptive technology developments (including the use and integration of AI into products and service offerings), and frequent new product introductions; any one of these factors, could create downward pressure on pricing and gross margins and could adversely affect sales to our existing customers, as well as our ability to attract and sell to new customers. Our future success depends on our ability to anticipate and identify changes in customer needs and/or relevant technologies (including AI), quickly respond to customer requirements, and rapidly and effectively introduce new and innovative products, features, and functions, while maintaining the integrity, quality, and competitiveness of our existing products and services. If we fail in these efforts, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer, and our ability to achieve and sustain profitability could be adversely impacted.

Our failure to meet service level commitments or milestones under customer contracts may result in our customer contracts being less profitable, and expose us to liability and reputational harm .

Our subscription services agreements typically include service level commitments or milestones. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we may be contractually obligated to pay penalties or provide service credits for a portion of the service fees paid by our customers. Customers also typically have the right to terminate their agreements and pursue damages claims for serious or repeated failures to meet service level commitments. These contractual commitments have, and may in the future, adversely impact our revenues, ARR, and gross margins earned on our subscription services. Moreover, our failure to meet our commitments could result in customer dissatisfaction, reputational harm, or the loss of customers, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on third-party cloud and network infrastructure providers to deliver our subscription services, and any interruptions or delays in their services could harm our reputation and business.

Our ability to deliver our subscription services in a timely, secure, and reliable manner to our customers depends on the protection of the information we store with our third-party cloud providers, as well as the maintenance of third-party network infrastructures. Interruptions or delays in these services, including those which may be caused by natural disasters or malicious actors, have, and may in the future, result in service disruptions, resulting in our failure to meet service level commitments or milestones, exposing us to liability, reputational damage, and potential loss of customers. We may also incur significant costs to use alternative providers or equipment to deliver our subscription services or taking other actions to mitigate any prolonged service disruptions. Any such alternatives could be more difficult or costly to replace than what we currently license, and integration of alternatives into our information technology system could require significant work and resources and delays.

Our products might experience coding, configuration, or manufacturing errors, which could damage our reputation, deter current and potential customers from purchasing our products and materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions, results of operations, and cash flows .

Our products or product updates may contain coding, configuration or manufacturing errors that can negatively impact their functionality, performance, operation, and integration capabilities, and expose us to product liability, performance issues, warranty claims, and harm to our reputation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows .

Economic instability or regulatory or political conditions in the United States and in other countries and regions in which we, our customers, suppliers, and our other third-party providers conduct business, and the impact of such conditions or insecurities, including inflated costs of goods and muted or decreased consumer confidence and discretionary spending, could materially and adversely impact the cost and demand for our products and services, our ability to perform our contractual obligations, and execute our operational and growth strategies.

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• Cost of products and components . Certain areas of our business have and could continue to experience supply chain challenges, including: shortages, shipping delays, and increased costs due to price increases for hardware products and components (including as a result of increased demand from AI data center construction around the world) and in shipping costs; changes in U.S. and foreign trade policies, including new or increased tariffs, potential sanctions and counter-sanctions, particularly with or involving China, South Korea, and Taiwan, could result in increased costs. We have taken steps to minimize the impact of these factors. We have expanded the regions where we sell our hardware products, and we continue to adjust our pricing to reflect market conditions, increase our inventory levels of scarce components, and expand our supplier network by identifying and/or establishing alternative suppliers of our hardware products.

• Cost of labor and labor shortages . High labor costs have a direct negative impact on our results of operations and could negatively influence our customers’ investment choices, including whether and when to invest in our products and services. Additionally, fewer participants in the labor market may dampen businesses’ and consumers’ ability and desire to invest and spend, which could also negatively influence our customers’ investment choices. Any of the forgoing events could adversely impact our business, including our costs of sales and operating results.

• Changes in consumer confidence . The restaurant/retail industries depend on consumer discretionary spending. Our customers are impacted by consumer confidence, which is influenced, in part, by general economic conditions, which may negatively affect consumer discretionary spending. A material decline in consumer confidence could result in consumers dining out less, spending less on meals, or altering the source or mix of their purchasing choices, which could negatively impact our customers’ sales and, in turn, result in reduced, delayed, or cancelled orders (bookings) or a decrease in active sites, revenue, or annual recurring revenue (ARR) from our subscription services, or an increase in customer churn; or reduced, delayed or cancelled hardware sales and installations.

Issues with product and component availability or supplier performance may affect our ability to assemble, repair, and deliver our hardware products and perform related services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations .

We depend on third-party suppliers to deliver hardware products and components in sufficient quantities, at reasonable prices, and timely so that we can timely deliver and install our hardware products and perform our Advanced Exchange, depot repair and field services. We have agreements for the supply of hardware products and components, including long-term or volume-based purchase agreements with some suppliers. We have alternative sources in the event one or more of our component suppliers are not able to perform or fully perform; and we hold safety stocks of single source hardware products in quantities that we believe are sufficient to protect against possible supply chain disruptions; however, we cannot assure that hardware products and components will be available or available in needed quantities and quality or at favorable or competitive prices, including because of increased demand for hardware products and components from AI data center construction around the world. If we experience a problem (availability, quantity, quality, or pricing) with one or more of our suppliers that we are not able to cover or adequately cover from other sources, it could lead to a shortage of hardware products and components and extended lead times for the delivery and installation of our hardware products or adversely affect our performance of Advanced Exchange, depot repair and field services, which could negatively impact our ability to satisfactorily and timely meet our contractual and customer obligations. This could result in reduced sales, breach or termination of contracts, and damage to our reputation and relationships with our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Further, in some instances, we are dependent on single-source suppliers for our hardware products, which may subject us to other significant risks, including inadequate inventory, higher prices, and reduced control over delivery schedules.

Most of our suppliers of hardware products and components are located internationally, including in South Korea, China, and Taiwan, and are susceptible to hostilities in those regions and tariffs and other restrictions on trade between the United States and countries where our hardware products and components are sourced, which could increase the cost or restrict the availability of hardware products and components to us that we may not be able to offset or cover from another source. Furthermore, certain of our suppliers have and may continue to limit the allocation of hardware products and components to us and could decide to discontinue business with us (including as a result of increased demand from AI data center construction around the world), which could result in our inability to fill our supply needs, jeopardizing our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations, which could in turn, result in a decrease in sales and cash flows, contract penalties or terminations, and damage to customer relationships and our reputation.

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While we have been able to secure favorable terms from most of our suppliers, this is not the case with all of our suppliers. Unfavorable pricing, quantity, and delivery terms negatively impact our gross margins associated with hardware sales and Advanced Exchange, depot repair, and field services. To offset increased costs, we have and may in the future increase the prices of our hardware products and installation, repair, and field services. These price increases could make us less competitive, result in reduced sales, and loss of potential new customers, and cause damage to our reputation and relationships with our customers, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Inventory management is an area of focus as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of hardware product and component inventory availability and shortages and customer requirements. We hold safety stocks of single source hardware products in quantities that we believe are sufficient to protect against possible supply chain disruptions and, in some instances, we have increased our inventory levels of components to satisfy anticipated customer requirements. Higher inventory levels can lead to increased costs for hardware products and components, higher inventory expenses, and lower gross margins, potentially necessitating the write-down of excess inventory. Effective inventory management is crucial, and failure to maintain optimal inventory levels could negatively impact our financial condition, operational results, and ability to achieve and sustain profitability.

If we are unable to recruit, develop, and retain skilled employees, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely harmed.

Our ability to successfully execute our operational plans and growth strategies, achieve our business and/or development objectives, or increase the scope or range of our service or product offerings is dependent, in part, on our ability to attract, develop, and retain skilled employees, including data security and product architects, engineers and technical personnel, and sales representatives. Competition for top talent in the restaurant/retail and technology industries is intense. If we cannot effectively recruit, develop, and retain qualified employees to drive our operational and strategic goals and develop and convert opportunities our business could suffer. Our ability to recruit, develop, and retain necessary qualified employees depends on a number of factors, including compensation and benefits, flexibility regarding virtual and hybrid work arrangements, work location, work environment, and corporate culture.

Acquisitions are an element of our growth strategy, which subjects us to risks commonly associated with acquisition transactions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We expect to continue expanding our business through acquisitions of complementary companies, products, and technologies, including those in new or adjacent verticals. Acquisition transactions are subject to risks including:

• the diversion of our management’s time and focus from operating PAR’s business;

• difficulties in obtaining required regulatory or stakeholder approvals;

• equity or debt financing transactions to finance an acquisition, including potential dilution from the issuance of our capital stock or the incurrence of additional debt or the failure to obtain satisfactory financing terms;

• the failure of our due diligence to identify significant issues associated with or arising out of an acquisition transaction, including issues related to the acquisition target (such as quality of product or technology and financial reporting, accounting practices, and internal controls) or country specific laws and regulations;

• our inability to fully realize the expected financial or strategic benefits of an acquisition transaction including within the timeframe we expected;

• unforeseen costs, cost overruns, or unanticipated investments;

• failure to successfully integrate and further develop the acquired business, product, or technology;

• employee retention costs and expenses, including compensation and benefit costs and retention payments to executive officers and key employees;

• difficulties coordinating and managing geographically separate organizations, and with foreign acquisitions, the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to comply with country specific laws and regulations;

• difficulties entering geographic markets, new market segments, or new verticals in which we have limited or no prior experience, which may expose us to unfamiliar market dynamics and heightened execution risk;

• cybersecurity and data security and protection related considerations, controls and exposures, including risks related to becoming subject to additional rapidly evolving and complex regulatory regimes;

• inability to retain customers and suppliers of the acquired business, and on terms similar to, or better than, those in place with the acquired business;

• assumed and unknown liabilities; and

• failure to maintain our internal controls and systems.

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If we fail to realize expected benefits or synergies from our acquisitions, such as cost-savings and earnings accretion, or if we decrease our liquidity by using a significant portion of our available cash to finance acquisitions, incur additional indebtedness or issue additional equity securities to finance acquisitions or incur or assume unanticipated liabilities, losses or costs associated with our acquisitions, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our international operations subject us to local laws and regulatory regimes, geopolitical or economic changes or events, uncertainties, and other factors that could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, 16.9%, 12.5%, and 8.5%, respectively, of our total consolidated revenues were derived from sales outside of the United States. Our business, financial condition, and operations could suffer due to a variety of international risks including:

• compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the United Kingdom's Data Protection Act (the "UK-GDPR") and similar laws and regulations governing data privacy and data protection, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption laws, and other regulatory or contractual limitations governing our operations and sale of products and services in foreign jurisdictions, and the risks and costs of non-compliance with such laws and regulations, including fines, penalties, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation;

• compliance with the EU AI Act and similar laws and regulations of other foreign jurisdictions governing the development, adoption, and use of AI, which could result in significant additional costs or result in fines or other penalties for failing to comply;

• geopolitical events, such the Russia-Ukraine war, tensions with China and between China and Taiwan, hostilities in the Middle East, and uncertainty relating to new or increased tariffs or other trade restrictions implemented by the U.S. or retaliatory trade measures or tariffs implemented by other countries, which could result in reduced economic activity, increased costs in operating our business, or other potentially adverse economic outcomes;

• compliance by international employees with accounting practices generally accepted in the United States, including adherence to our accounting policies and internal controls;

• increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

• increased risks of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of financial statements and irregularities in financial statements;

• reduced protection of our intellectual property rights in certain countries and practical difficulties and costs of enforcing those rights abroad;

• difficulties in managing international employees and exposure to different employment practices and local labor conditions and regulations, including labor issues faced by suppliers or immigration and labor laws which may adversely impact our access to technical and senior management;

• compliance with the laws and regulatory requirements of numerous foreign jurisdictions, including foreign taxing jurisdictions and overlapping of different tax regimes;

• sales and customer service challenges associated with operating in different countries;

• difficulties in receiving payments from different geographies, including difficulties associated with currency fluctuations, payment cycles, transfer of funds, or collecting accounts receivable; and

• increased management, travel, infrastructure, and legal compliance costs associated with having international operations.

The risks described above could increase the cost of doing business internationally, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, our international employees, including our employees located in India, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Serbia, and third-party consultants, including consultants located in the Philippines, Ukraine, Poland, and Nicaragua, provide software development and support services. A sustained loss of the software development services provided by our international employees and third-party consultants could negatively impact our software development efforts, adversely affect our competitive position, harm our reputation, impede our ability to achieve and sustain profitability, and negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Natural disasters, pandemics, or other natural or manmade disasters or outbreaks could negatively impact our business and operations.

Our business is susceptible to losses and interruptions caused by flooding, hurricanes, earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, pandemics and other natural or manmade disasters any one of which could

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have an adverse impact in countries or regions in which we conduct our business or offer and sell our services and products or our customers conduct their businesses and, in turn, decrease the demand for our services or products. Such events could also: cause delays or disruptions in access to our subscription services or third-party providers’ software and systems; cause supply chain disruptions, resulting in shortages or delays in shipments of hardware products and components; create health and safety risks to our employees and distract employee productivity; and result in changes in consumer spending choices and customer investment decisions, any one of which could harm our business and results of operations. Moreover, we may be subject to climate-related regulations and reporting requirements and changing market dynamics and stakeholder expectations regarding climate change and any impact our operations have or may have on the environment, all of which may impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Cyber Security, Data Privacy, and Intellectual Property

Our cloud applications and information technology systems or those of our service providers could be subject to cyberattacks or other security incidents, which could result in operational disruptions, costly governmental investigations or litigation and other adverse consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows .

We experience cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to our cloud applications and information technology systems on a regular basis, and we anticipate that we will continue to be subject to such attempts as we continue to expand the products and services we offer to customers. Despite our cybersecurity program and the technical and organizational security measures we use to detect and prevent unauthorized access and usage, our cloud applications and information technology systems, and the third-party cloud computing platforms on which our cloud applications and data are stored or processed, are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, including computer viruses, distributed denial of services attacks, malware, social engineering, credential-based attacks, supply chain attacks and other attacks which may result in unauthorized access by malicious actors, including nation-states and their agents. Such events have caused, and in the future could result in, the disruption of access to or the interruption of the operation of our cloud applications and information technology systems, or the cloud computing platforms and cloud applications of our third-party providers.

Even though prior events did not have a material adverse effect on our cloud applications and information technology systems or the cloud computing platforms and cloud applications of our third-party providers/integrators and our operations, there can be no guarantee that the same will be the case in the future. Cyber-attacks have become increasingly more sophisticated, frequent, and difficult to predict and protect against. In particular, the shift to a widespread remote working environment, including additional remote development teams, and the addition of new infrastructures, as well as the emergence and maturation of AI capabilities, increases the opportunities available to malicious actors, and, as such, increases the risk of a cyber-attack potentially occurring which may result in the disruption of access to or the interruption of the operation of our cloud applications and information technology systems, or the cloud computing platforms and cloud applications of our third-party providers/integrators. A material failure or disruption in our operations due to such an attack could result in unauthorized access, data loss, misappropriation of information, interruption of systems availability or denial of access to applications or information required by our customers to conduct their businesses, which in turn could result in costly governmental investigations and litigation, breach of contract claims, indemnity obligations, and reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Security defects and vulnerabilities in our cloud applications and information technology systems or those of our service providers, integrators, and customers could result in claims of liability against us, damage our reputation, or otherwise materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our cloud applications and information technology systems and those of our third-party service providers/integrators and customers are inherently subject to security defects and vulnerabilities due to the release of new technologies and new techniques developed by malicious actors. If the manner and timing of how we fix identified security defects and vulnerabilities to our cloud applications and information technology systems is wrong or the manner and timing of how our third-party service providers/integrators, or third-party network providers fix defects and vulnerabilities in their cloud applications and information technology systems is wrong, or our customers do not implement or timely implement security updates or version upgrades provided by us or our third-party service providers\integrators, then our and our third-party service providers\integrators cloud applications and information technology systems, and the information technology systems of our customers may be left vulnerable to delays and disruptions to access, which may result in our customer’s being unable to conduct their businesses. Unchecked security defects or vulnerabilities, may result in a material failure of our or our third-party providers\integrators cloud applications and information technology systems, substantial service disruptions, unauthorized access or denial of

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access, data loss or misappropriation of information, which in turn could result in breach of contract claims, indemnity obligations, governmental investigations and litigation, indemnity obligations, and reputational damage, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our failure to comply with data privacy or data protection laws and regulations could subject us to significant penalties and legal liability, harm our reputation or otherwise materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows .

Global data privacy and data protection legislation, enforcement, and policy activity are rapidly expanding and creating a complex compliance environment and the potential for significant liability in the event of a data incident. We are subject to data privacy and data protection laws and regulations (including AI laws and regulations) in the United States and abroad, some of which place restrictions on our ability to process personal data across our business. For example:

• Various state data privacy and data protection laws, including the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act ("CPRA"), the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act ("BIPA"), the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, the Colorado Privacy Act, the Utah Consumer Privacy Act, Connecticut’s Act Concerning Personal Information Privacy and Online Monitoring, the New York SHIELD Act, and the regulations implementing these laws, establish data privacy rights to their respective residents (including in California, where residents have a private right of action for violations of the CCPA and CPRA) and regulate how we may collect, use, process and store personal data.

• The General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") and the United Kingdom’s Data Protection Act 2018 ("UK-GDPR"), impose requirements relating to the processing of personal data, the information provided to individuals regarding the processing of their personal data, the security, confidentiality, minimization, and retention of personal data, notifications in the event of personal data breaches and the use of third-party processors. The GDPR and the UK GDPR impose substantial fines for breaches of data protection requirements, which can be up to four percent of annual worldwide revenues or 20 million Euros, whichever is greater.

These laws and regulations are evolving and the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain; nevertheless, our failure or perceived failure to adequately address data privacy and data protection concerns, or to comply with applicable laws and regulations could damage our reputation, discourage current or potential customers from using our products and services, and result in costly governmental investigations, enforcement actions or litigation, breach of contract claims, indemnity obligations, additional insurance costs, complaints by private individuals, and/or the payment of penalties to consumers or governmental entities, which could have a material and adverse effect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and materially and adversely harm our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

We believe that our products and services do not infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties; however, third parties have asserted infringement, misappropriation, and other related claims against us in the past and we cannot guarantee that third parties will not assert such claims against us with respect to our current or future products and services, or that any such assertions will not require us to enter into royalty arrangements or settlement agreements, or result in costly litigation or in our being unable to use certain intellectual property. Infringement assertions and related causes of action from third parties have involved, and may in the future involve, patent holding companies or non-practicing entities or other patent owners who have no relevant product revenue, and therefore our viable and supportable defenses may provide little or no deterrence to these entities or patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

There are risks related to our information technology systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows .

We are in the process of combining our customer relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems into a single pre-existing CRM and ERP system, both of which are intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations by streamlining information flow. The implementation processes are complex and time-consuming and are subject to project delays, integration risks, data conversion risks, and risks associated with the efficient and effective adoption of these systems by employees and customers. These risks

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could result in operational inefficiencies that materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows due to:

• unforeseen and unbudgeted costs;

• reduced, delayed, or cancelled orders (bookings) for our subscription services, a decrease in sites actively using our subscription services or a decrease in subscription service revenue or annualized recurring revenue (ARR) from our subscription services, or an increase in customer churn;

• reduced, delayed, or cancelled hardware sales and installations; and

• customer payment delays.

Furthermore, the implementation processes of these systems may create change management risks that require effective internal controls to mitigate. Our failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results.

Our use of AI could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We actively develop AI-native products and sophisticated AI tooling, integrating advanced AI technologies across our product development, internal operations, and customer solutions. We are committed to significantly expanding these capabilities with the clear ambition to establish and maintain PAR's role as an AI innovation leader within our industry. However, our expanding use of AI—and that of third parties—carries risks, including the potential for bias or inaccurate outputs leading to flawed decision-making, misuse or infringement of intellectual property rights, operational inefficiencies, and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. Ensuring the integrity and security of AI tools and usage may require significant investment, potentially impacting our gross margins; however, if we fail to properly address these issues our reputation could be harmed and the demand for our products or services reduced, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding AI technologies is rapidly evolving and uncertain, with jurisdictions around the world applying, or considering applying, laws and regulations related to intellectual property, cybersecurity, export controls, privacy, data security, and data protection to AI, or general legal frameworks on AI, such as the Colorado AI Act, which goes into effect in June 2026, or the EU AI Act, parts of which went into effect in 2025. These laws and regulations are evolving and the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are uncertain; nevertheless, our failure or perceived failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, industry standards or ethical requirements and expectations relating to AI could damage our reputation, discourage current or potential customers from using our products and services, and result in costly governmental investigations, enforcement actions or litigation, breach of contract claims, indemnity obligations, additional insurance costs, and/or penalties, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Moreover, t he public may perceive AI negatively, associating it with job displacement and privacy and ethical concerns. This perception could harm our reputation, lead to reduced demand for our products or services or harm our ability to obtain favorable pricing or other terms for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Financial Related Risks

We may not be able to achieve and sustain profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the trading price of our common stock .

We have incurred operating losses in each of the last several years, including for the year ended December 31, 2025. For us to achieve and sustain profitability, we must operate our business consistent with our capital allocation strategy, which focuses on the allocation of our capital to revenue generating activities, while controlling expenses. We cannot assure that we will be successful in achieving or sustaining profitability in the future, among other things:

• our investments in new products, new features for existing products—including the development of AI-native products, advanced AI tooling and capabilities, and related infrastructure—may require significantly greater capital than anticipated, or these initiatives may not deliver the expected commercial success, incremental revenue, or business growth;

• we may not realize the anticipated revenue contributions or operational synergies of our acquired businesses or achieve our targeted growth rates or improve our market share; and

• we may not be able to control expenses at the levels planned due to internal and external factors, such as a recession or slowed economic growth, inflationary pressures, and geopolitical events, many of which are beyond our control.

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If we fail to achieve and sustain profitability, our financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted and the market price of our common stock could decline.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, one customer accounts for a significant portion of our revenues. The loss of this customer's purchase of hardware, subscription services, and professional services, or a significant reduction, delay, or cancellation of purchases of hardware, subscription services, and professional services by this customer, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and cash flows.

Aggregate sales of hardware, subscription services, and professional services to the one customer and their respective franchisees accounted for 21% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025. Significant reductions, delays or cancellations of hardware sales, subscription services, and professional services to this customer and its franchisees would reduce our revenue and operating income and could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and cash flows.

We may not have sufficient cash flow from our operating subsidiaries to pay our debt, which may seriously harm our business .

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including our 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”), our 1.50%

Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”), and our 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes", and together with the 2026 Notes and the 2027 Notes, the "Senior Notes"), depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our operating subsidiaries may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt because of factors beyond our control. If our operating subsidiaries are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to raise funds through debt or equity issuances, refinance our indebtedness and otherwise access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

Our indebtedness could, among other things, restrict or limit our ability to plan and react to changes in our business and our industries; place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors who have less debt; and limit our ability to borrow additional amounts to fund acquisitions, for working capital, and for other general corporate purposes.

A conversion of the Senior Notes, or a fundamental change under the Senior Notes, if triggered, may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations .

If a fundamental change occurs, holders of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Senior Notes in cash. Furthermore, upon conversion of any Senior Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle the conversion (excluding cash in lieu of delivering fractional shares of our common stock), we must make cash payments in respect of the Senior Notes. Even if holders do not elect to convert their Senior Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a material portion of the outstanding principal of the Senior Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital. Any of the cash payments described above could be significant, and if we fail to repurchase the Senior Notes when required or deliver the consideration due upon conversion, we will be in default under the indentures governing the Senior Notes. In such an event of default, holders of the Senior Notes with the defaulted indebtedness could elect to declare all principal, together with accrued and unpaid interest, due and payable, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We make estimates and assumptions in connection with the preparation of our financial statements, and any changes to those estimates and assumptions could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition .

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we use certain estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and other factors. Our most critical accounting estimates are described in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”. For example, we make significant estimates and assumptions when accounting for revenue

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recognition, the recognition and measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations and asset acquisitions at fair value, stock-based compensation, identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, valuation allowances for receivables, and valuation of excess and obsolete inventories. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

A portion of our total assets consists of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, which are subject to a periodic impairment analysis. A significant impairment determination in any future period could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, even without a significant loss of revenue or increase in cash expenses attributable to such period .

Our goodwill was approximately $898.0 million at December 31, 2025 and our intangibles were $203.4 million at December 31, 2025. Identifiable intangible assets are primarily a result of business acquisitions and internally developed capitalized software. We test our goodwill and identifiable intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate possible impairment. We describe the impairment testing process more thoroughly in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” Our estimates are subject to uncertainties. If we determine an impairment has occurred at any point in time, we will be required to reduce goodwill or identifiable intangible assets on our balance sheet, which could materially and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Additional information about our impairment testing is contained in "Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report.

Ineffective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, and results of operations .

Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, failure or interruption of information technology systems, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information accurately and within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC could be adversely affected. This could cause our financial reporting to be unreliable and potentially result in a restatement of our financial statements, which in turn could lead to a loss of investor confidence and a decline in the trading price of our common stock, and could subject us to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. Any such consequence or other negative effect could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our financial results may be impacted by changes in tax law or changes in our tax position.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Changes to existing tax laws, regulations, or their interpretation may materially and adversely affect our effective tax rate, tax payments, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Our future tax rates could be influenced by several factors, including changes in accounting standards, modifications to tax laws at federal, state, or international levels, or new tax rulings and regulations issued by government authorities.

We are also subject to sales tax laws in various states and countries, and changes to these laws or their interpretation could affect our tax responsibilities. Certain state tax authorities may challenge or dispute our tax reporting, potentially requiring us to collect or remit additional taxes, which could result in penalties, interest, and other sanctions. Moreover, some states have enacted or are considering new tax obligations for online marketplaces, payment service providers, and other intermediaries, which could increase our compliance burden and result in additional reporting and record-keeping requirements. Non-compliance with these obligations could lead to substantial monetary penalties and restrict our ability to operate in certain jurisdictions. Any one of these consequences or other negative effects could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Our tax position may be further impacted by fluctuations in the mix of earnings between jurisdictions with varying tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, including net operating losses (“NOLs”), and adjustments to unrecognized tax benefits. Tax authorities may review and challenge the pricing arrangements between our domestic and foreign subsidiaries, and an adverse determination in this regard could negatively impact our financial results. Additionally, if we are unable to utilize our NOLs or other deferred tax assets due to changes in

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tax laws or insufficient future taxable income, we could face an increased cash tax liability, which could have a materially adverse effect on cash flows and financial condition.

Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Stock

We have not paid dividends in the past and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends and other considerations that our board of directors deems relevant. Until such a time that we pay a dividend, our investors must rely on sales of their PAR common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

Future sales of our common stock or other securities could depress the price of our common stock and could result in dilution to our shareholders.

We have and likely will in the future issue and sell shares of common stock or other securities to raise capital or issue securities for a variety of purposes, including in connection with acquisitions of other businesses or other strategic transactions. The issuance of newly issued shares of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock could dilute existing shareholders by reducing each share’s percentage ownership of the company, thereby decreasing current shareholders’ proportionate interest in future earnings, assets, and voting power, and potentially lowering the market price of our common stock. Additionally, dilution may have a negative impact on the price of our common stock if investors react unfavorably to a transaction involving the issuance of shares.

Our evaluation or completion of strategic transactions may negatively impact our business and stock price .

Our board of directors and management periodically evaluate strategic transactions to maximize value for our shareholders, including strategic acquisitions, sales of non-strategic assets or businesses, capital markets and other transactions. We cannot provide assurance that any transaction will be completed; whether we decide to pursue a transaction will depend on numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. Such factors include the interest of potential acquisition targets or acquirers, sources of financing and terms, market conditions, and industry trends. Even if a transaction is completed, there can be no assurance that the transaction will be successful or have a positive effect on shareholder value. In addition, our financial results and operations could be adversely affected, including the diversion of management’s attention from our operations and the execution of other strategies. We have and will continue to incur substantial expenses associated with identifying, evaluating, and negotiating potential strategic transactions, including legal, accounting, and financial advisor fees. Furthermore, the public announcement of a strategic transaction may negatively impact our operating results if investors react unfavorably to the announcement or if we are not able to realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction. We do not intend to disclose developments or provide updates with respect to potential strategic transactions unless and until disclosure is appropriate or required. Accordingly, speculation regarding potential strategic transactions could cause our stock price to significantly fluctuate.

The trading price and volume of our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility, which could result in losses for our shareholders .

The trading price and volume of our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility, which could result in losses for our shareholders. Additionally, such volatility could limit our ability to finance strategic transactions, including acquisitions, using our common stock, potentially impacting our ability to pursue valuable opportunities. A number of factors can impact the trading price of our common stock, including:

• the actual or perceived impact of uncertainties, volatility, and economic disruption created by macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events, including, inflation, recession, interest rate fluctuations, actual and potential shifts in and uncertainties with respect to U.S. and foreign trade policies (including new or increased tariffs or other trade restrictions implemented by the U.S. or retaliatory trade measures or tariffs implemented by other countries), actual or anticipated military or political conflicts (including the Russian-Ukraine war, tensions with China and between China and Taiwan, hostilities in the Middle East)

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and global pandemics or other public health crises, on our business, our customers, and the industries in which we operate;

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations (including, shortfalls or changes in expectations about, our revenue, gross margins, earnings, annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), sales of our product and service offerings or other key performance metrics;

• the performance and prospects of major customers;

• our quarterly or annual financial results or those of other companies operating in our industries;

• the lack of earnings guidance;

• investor perception of us and the industries in which we operate;

• the contents of published research reports about us or the industries in which we operate;

• any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;

• actions by institutional shareholders;

• operating and stock performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us (and changes in their market valuations) and overall performance of the equity markets;

• announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, dispositions, strategic relationships, or capital commitments; and

• litigation and governmental investigations.

In addition, the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general has experienced and may continue to experience uneven investor confidence, which may cause the trading price for our common stock to decline for reasons unrelated to our operating performance.

Our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, and the federal district courts as the exclusive forum for Securities Act claims, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain what some shareholders believe to be a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, other employees, or agents.

Our bylaws provide that unless we select or consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, all complaints asserting any internal corporate claims, which are claims (including claims brought on PAR’s behalf): (i) that are based upon a violation of a duty (including any fiduciary duty) owed by a current or former director, officer, employee, or shareholder in such capacity; or (ii) as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to applicable jurisdictional requirements, be made in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have, or declines to accept, subject matter jurisdiction, another state court or a federal court located within the State of Delaware). Further, unless we select or consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. The choice-of-forum provision in our bylaws does not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, and shareholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in our common stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum selection provisions described in our bylaws. These choice-of-forum provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and such persons. It is possible that a court may find these provisions of our bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, in which case we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may discourage a takeover of our company.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in our management or control over us. For example, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, collectively:

• authorize the issuance of undesignated preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;

• provide that vacancies on our board of directors, including vacancies resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;

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• permits only the board of directors, or the chairman of the board of directors or the president pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the then authorized number of our directors to call special meetings of shareholders;

• prohibit shareholder action by written consent except by unanimous written consent of all shareholders; and

• establish advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for elections as directors or to bring other business before an annual meeting of our shareholders.

These provisions could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control, even though a majority of shareholders may consider such proposal, if effected, desirable. Such provisions could also make it more difficult for third parties to remove and replace the members of our board of directors. Moreover, these provisions may inhibit increases in the market price of our common stock that may result from takeover attempts or speculation.

Item 7.     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included under "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under "Forward-Looking Statements" above and "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors" above.

The following section generally discusses year-over-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. Discussions related to year-over-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 are included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025.

2025 Operating Performance Highlights

Organic - Year-over-year

growth of 15.0%

Total - Year-over-year

growth of 15.7%

GAAP - Year-over-year improvement of 120 basis points (bps)

Non-GAAP - Year-over-year improvement of 90 basis points (bps)

Net Loss from Cont. Ops.

Year-over-year improvement of $5.3 million

Adjusted EBITDA

Year-over-year improvement of $29.3 million

Refer to "Key Performance Indicators and Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for important information on key performance indicators, such as annual recurring revenue (ARR), and non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP subscription service gross margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA. We use these key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our performance.

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Macroeconomic Environment

The tariff and supply chain environment is complex and evolving. Beginning in the second quarter of 2025, the U.S. government implemented a series of significant new tariffs, including on imports from several countries where we source certain components and hardware products. Other countries have responded with retaliatory actions or plans for retaliatory actions. There has been significant uncertainty resulting from the implementation, termination, and conditional pause of these tariffs and the situation remains fluid, including because of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. Additionally, increased demand for hardware products and components from AI data center construction around the world has created uncertainty as to whether these products will be available or available in needed quantities and quality or at favorable or competitive prices. We continue to monitor macroeconomic trends and uncertainties in light of continuing changes to global trade policies and supply chain pressures, which may have adverse effects on our hardware revenue and hardware gross margin. As a result of these events, we anticipate increased supply chain challenges, commodity cost volatility, and consumer and economic uncertainty. Management continues to evaluate and implement mitigating actions, including potential supply chain resiliency movements, cost or pricing measures and alternative shipping practices, if needed, as the macroeconomic environment evolves.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was signed into law. The Act contains changes to U.S. federal tax law, including reinstatement of immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenditures, and has multiple effective dates. The enacted legislation did not have a material impact on our annual effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, and resulted in a decrease to taxes payable. We will continue to evaluate all applicable provisions of the legislation and their impact on our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2026 and beyond.

COMPONENTS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues

Subscription Service

Consists of revenue from software-as-a-service ("SaaS") solutions, related software support, managed platform development services, and transaction-based payment processing services.

Hardware

Consists of revenue from the sale of point-of-sale terminals and tablets, wireless headsets, drive-thru systems, kitchen display systems, kiosks, printers, payment devices, and other in-store peripherals.

Professional Service

Consists of revenue from hardware support, installations and implementations, and on-site and technical support.

Cost of Sales

Subscription Service

Consists of expenses directly related to the delivery of our software, including customer support and infrastructure management personnel costs, hosting and cloud infrastructure costs, amortization of capitalized and acquired developed technology, third-party software licensing fees, and payment processing fees.

Hardware

Consists of expenses directly related to the production, procurement, and delivery of hardware products sold to customers, including manufacturing and procurement personnel costs, freight charges, excess and obsolete inventory expenses, and allocated overhead.

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Professional Service

Consists of the personnel costs of our deployment team associated with delivering these services and costs related to hardware repairs and advanced exchange contracts.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

Consists of employee-related costs incurred for personnel that support sales and marketing activities, as well as general marketing and event costs.

General and Administrative

Consists of employee-related costs incurred for management and administrative functions, including finance, legal, human resources, and information technology. General and administrative expenses also include costs related to fees paid for certain professional services and software, insurance, and occupancy costs, as well as bad debt expense and depreciation expense.

Research and Development

Consists of uncapitalized engineering and product development personnel costs associated with improvements to our platform and the development of new product offerings and expenses associated with the use of third-party software directly related to the development of our products and services.

Amortization of Identifiable Intangible Assets

Consists of amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets including customer relationships, non-competition agreements, and trade names.

Adjustment to Contingent Consideration Liability

Reflects a reduction to the fair market value of the contingent consideration liability related to the acquisition of MENU Technologies A.G. in July 2022 (the “MENU Acquisition”).

Gain on Insurance Proceeds

Consists of insurance proceeds from the settlement of legacy insurance claims.

Other Non-Operating Expenses

Interest expense, net

Consists of interest incurred on the 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, and 2030 Notes, as well as on the credit facility with Blue Owl Capital Corporation as administrative agent and collateral agent and Blue Owl Credit Advisors, LLC as lead arranger and bookrunner (the "Credit Facility") prior to its repayment in January 2025 and on the 4.500% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes") prior to the induced conversion in October 2023, offset by interest earned from cash held in money market accounts and on our marketable securities.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Represents the loss on inducement of our 2024 Notes and partial inducement of our 2026 Notes, and the loss related to the early repayment of the Credit Facility.

Other (expense) income, net

Consists of foreign currency transaction gains and losses and other miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.

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(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes

Consists of U.S. federal and state income tax, international income taxes in various foreign jurisdictions, and interest and penalties related to income taxes. Our effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period due to changes in the mix of income and losses in jurisdictions with a wide range of tax rates, the effect of acquisitions, changes resulting from the amount of recorded valuation allowance, and permanent differences between GAAP and local tax laws. Refer to "Note 13 – Income Taxes" of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for additional information about our income taxes and effective tax rate.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

Consolidated Results

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Revenues, net:

Subscription service

Hardware

Professional service

Total revenues, net

Gross margin

Subscription service

Hardware

Professional service

Total gross margin

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing

General and administrative

Research and development

Amortization of identifiable intangible assets

Adjustment to contingent consideration liability

Gain on insurance proceeds

Total operating expenses

Operating loss

Other (expense) income, net

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Interest expense, net

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

Net loss from continuing operations

Net income from discontinued operations

Net loss

Historical results from our Government segment are reported as discontinued operations. Refer to "Note 4 - Discontinued Operations" within "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information.

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Revenues, Net

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of

total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Revenues, net:

Subscription service

Hardware

Professional service

Total revenues, net

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Total revenues were $455.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $105.6 million or 30.2% compared to $350.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Subscription service revenues were $291.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $83.7 million or 40.4% compared to $207.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven by increased Engagement Cloud subscription service revenues of $53.8 million, of which $31.2 million was attributable to inorganic revenue growth due to the inclusion of approximately six additional months of revenue from the Plexure product line and two additional months of revenue from the existing PAR Retail business in the current period, and from customer contracts acquired in the GoSkip Asset Acquisition (now integrated into the PAR Retail product line). The residual increase of $22.6 million from Engagement Cloud subscription services was driven by organic growth in both active sites and average revenue per site through cross-selling initiatives, upselling, and price increases. Operator Cloud subscription service revenues increased $29.9 million, of which $20.3 million was attributable to inorganic revenue growth contributed by the Delaget product line and the inclusion of approximately six additional months of revenue from the TASK product line in the current period. The residual increase of $9.6 million from Operator Cloud subscription services was primarily driven by organic growth in active sites.

Hardware revenues were $106.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $19.4 million or 22.3% compared to $87.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by increased revenues from sales of peripherals (scanners, printers, and components) of $5.0 million, terminals of $4.9 million, kiosks of $2.4 million, kitchen display systems of $2.1 million, and an increase in international sales of $3.4 million. These increases were substantially driven by the timing of tier-one enterprise customer hardware refresh cycles and the onboarding of Operator Cloud customers purchasing hardware. Hardware revenues will continue to be affected by the timing of the aforementioned drivers.

Professional service revenues were $58.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $2.4 million or 4.4% compared to $55.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by a $4.1 million increase in hardware repair services and field operations, partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in implementation revenues as a result of offering discounts and incentives on SaaS implementations to facilitate the adoption of our recurring subscription service revenue streams.

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Gross Margin

Year Ended

December 31,

Gross Margin Percentage

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Gross margin

Subscription service

120 bps

550 bps

Hardware

(140) bps

200 bps

Professional service

(40) bps

1,060 bps

Total gross margin

170 bps

950 bps

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Total gross margin as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, increased to 43.5% as compared to 41.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Subscription service margin as a percentage of subscription service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, increased to 54.7% as compared to 53.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by operating efficiencies in hosting and customer support costs relative to the growth in subscription service revenues for both Engagement Cloud and Operator Cloud, as well as improved margin contributions stemming from post-acquisition operations of the Delaget product line and the inclusion of approximately two additional months of PAR Retail product line results in the current period. These improvements were partially offset by an impairment loss recorded in the current period related to the write-off of capitalized software development costs for the PAR Clear product.

Hardware margin as a percentage of hardware revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, decreased to 22.9% as compared to 24.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by increased supply chain costs resulting from recently implemented U.S. tariff policies, partially offset by a year-over-year reduction in compensation expense as we aligned our hardware-related workforce with organizational priorities. The Company began implementing pricing adjustments during the third quarter of 2025 to mitigate the impact of tariffs in future periods.

Professional service margin as a percentage of professional service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, was relatively unchanged at 25.0% as compared to 25.4% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Sales and Marketing Expenses ("S&M")

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Sales and marketing

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

S&M expenses were $48.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $7.2 million or 17.3% compared to $41.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by a $6.7 million increase in inorganic S&M expense stemming from post-acquisition operations of the Delaget product line and the inclusion of approximately six additional months of TASK Group S&M expense and two additional months of PAR Retail S&M expense in the current period. Organic S&M expense increased by $0.5 million, primarily driven by an increase in commission expense due to year-over-year sales growth.

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General and Administrative Expenses ("G&A")

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

General and administrative

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

G&A expenses were $122.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $13.8 million or 12.7% compared to $108.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by a $10.8 million increase in inorganic G&A expense stemming from post-acquisition operations of the Delaget product line and the inclusion of approximately six additional months of TASK Group G&A expense and two additional months of PAR Retail G&A expense in the current period. The residual $3.0 million increase was primarily driven by certain non-cash or non-recurring expenses consisting of a $4.4 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and a $3.7 million litigation expense in the current period, partially offset by a $4.8 million decrease in costs related to transaction due diligence and integration and a $0.3 million decrease in severance costs related to non-recurring restructuring events.

Research and Development Expenses ("R&D")

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Research and development

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

R&D expenses were $81.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $14.5 million or 21.6% compared to $67.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was substantially driven by a $9.5 million increase in inorganic R&D expense stemming from post-acquisition operations of the Delaget product line, the inclusion of approximately six additional months of TASK Group R&D expense and two additional months of PAR Retail R&D expense in the current period, and R&D expense resulting from the integration of assets acquired in the GoSkip Asset Acquisition. Organic R&D expense increased by $5.0 million, primarily driven by an increase in development costs as we continue to invest in improving and diversifying our product and service offerings.

Other Operating Expenses: Amortization of Intangible Assets / Contingent Consideration / Insurance Proceeds

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Amortization of identifiable intangible assets

Adjustment to contingent consideration liability

Gain on insurance proceeds

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Amortization of identifiable intangible assets was $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $5.0 million as compared to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven by an increase in amortizable intangible assets stemming from the Stuzo Acquisition, the TASK Group Acquisition, the Delaget Acquisition, and the GoSkip Asset Acquisition.

Included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was a $0.6 million reduction to the

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fair value of the contingent consideration liability for certain post-closing revenue focused milestones from the MENU Acquisition. There was no comparable adjustment to contingent consideration liability for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.5 million in insurance proceeds received from the settlement of a legacy insurance claim. There was no comparable gain for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Other (expense) income, net

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Other expense, net was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a change of $2.3 million as compared to other income, net of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The change was substantially driven by foreign currency transaction fluctuations, with net foreign currency losses recognized in the current period compared to net gains in the prior period.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 related to the early repayment of the Credit Facility. Loss on extinguishment of debt was $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to the induced conversion of a portion of the 2026 Notes.

Interest Expense, Net

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Interest expense, net

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Interest expense, net was $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $4.1 million or 40.4% as compared to $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by the replacement of the Credit Facility with the 2030 Notes, which bear a lower interest rate.

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Taxes

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

The provision for income taxes was $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a change of $7.7 million as compared to a benefit from income taxes of $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The change was primarily due to the absence of the benefit recorded in the prior year, resulting from a reduction of the Company's valuation allowance following the establishment of deferred tax liabilities in connection with the Stuzo Acquisition and Delaget Acquisition. The provision recorded during the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily related to foreign income tax expense.

Net Income from Discontinued Operations

Year Ended

December 31,

Percentage of total revenue

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Net income from discontinued operations

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Net income from discontinued operations was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $84.7 million as compared to $84.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2025, a $0.2 million gain from the divestiture of RRC was recognized as a result of a favorable net working capital settlement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, an $81.2 million gain on sale of PGSC and RRC was recognized. The residual amount represents PGSC and RRC operating income, offset by a provision for income taxes relating to the gain on sale of PGSC and RRC.

Key Performance Indicators and Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

We monitor certain key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures in the evaluation and management of our business; certain key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures are provided in this Annual Report because we believe they are useful in facilitating period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect and should be viewed independently of our financial performance determined in accordance with GAAP. Key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures are not forecasts or indicators of future or expected results and should not have undue reliance placed upon them by investors.

Key Performance Indicators

Within this Annual Report, the Company makes reference to annual recurring revenue, or ARR, and active sites, which are both key performance indicators. The Company utilizes ARR and active sites as key performance indicators of the scale of our subscription services for both new and existing customers.

ARR is the annualized revenue from our subscription services, which includes subscription fees for our SaaS solutions and related support, managed platform development services, and transaction-based fees for payment processing services. We generally calculate ARR by annualizing the monthly recurring revenue for all active sites as of the last day of each month for the respective reporting period. ARR is an operating measure, it does not reflect our revenue determined in accordance with GAAP, and ARR should be viewed independently of, and not combined with or substituted for, our revenue and other financial information determined in accordance with GAAP. Further, ARR is not a forecast of future revenue and investors should not place undue reliance on ARR as an indicator of our future or expected results. Our reported ARR is based on a constant currency, using the exchange rates established at the beginning of the year and consistently applied throughout the period and to comparative

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periods presented. The table below presents our ARR on a constant currency basis, calculated using the exchange rates set at the beginning of 2025. Using the exchange rates established during the prior period, Engagement Cloud ARR and Operator Cloud ARR as of December 31, 2024 were $2.9 million and $0.6 million higher, respectively, than the constant currency ARR reported below. There was no impact to ARR as of December 31, 2023 as the exchange rate effects only began with the TASK Group Acquisition in 2024.

Active sites represent locations active on our subscription services as of the last day of the respective reporting period. Our key performance indicators ARR and active sites are presented as two subscription service product lines:

• Engagement Cloud consisting of PAR Engagement (Punchh and PAR Ordering), PAR Retail (including GoSkip), and Plexure product offerings.

• Operator Cloud consisting of PAR POS, PAR Pay, PAR OPS (Data Central and Delaget) and TASK product offerings.

Annual Recurring Revenue

As of December 31,

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Engagement Cloud:

Organic

Inorganic*

Total Engagement Cloud

Operator Cloud:

Organic

Total Operator Cloud

Total

*Inorganic Engagement Cloud ARR represents GoSkip ARR only as of December 31, 2025.

Revaluing our ending ARR as of December 31, 2025 using exchange rates determined at the beginning of 2026, our Engagement Cloud ARR would be $186.7 million and Operator Cloud ARR would be $130.5 million.

Active Sites

Year Ended December 31,

Increase (decrease)

(in thousands)

Engagement Cloud:

Organic

Inorganic*

Total Engagement Cloud

Operator Cloud:

Organic

Total Operator Cloud

*Inorganic Engagement Cloud active sites includes GoSkip active sites only as of December 31, 2025.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with GAAP, this Annual Report contains references to the non-GAAP financial measures below. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with useful supplemental information about our operating performance, enable comparison of financial trends and results between periods where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in operating our business and measuring our performance. Our non-GAAP financial measures reflect adjustments based on one or more of the following items below. The income tax effect of the below adjustments, with the exception of non-recurring income taxes, were not tax-effected due to the valuation allowance on all of our net deferred tax assets.

Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and the financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP and reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated. Additionally, these measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures disclosed by other companies.

Non-GAAP Measure or Adjustment

Definition

Usefulness to management and investors

Non-GAAP subscription service gross margin percentage

Represents subscription service gross margin percentage adjusted to exclude amortization from acquired and internally developed software, stock-based compensation, severance, and impairment of capitalized software development costs.

We believe that non-GAAP subscription service gross margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA provide useful perspectives with respect to the Company's core operating performance and ongoing cash earnings by adjusting for certain non-cash and non-recurring charges that may not be indicative of our financial performance.

Adjusted EBITDA

Represents net loss before income taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization adjusted to exclude discontinued operations, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration, transaction costs, gain on insurance proceeds, severance, impairment loss, litigation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, and other expense (income), net.

Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share

Represents net loss per share excluding amortization of acquired intangible assets, non-recurring income taxes, non-cash interest, discontinued operations, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration, transaction costs, gain on insurance proceeds, severance, impairment loss, litigation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, and other expense (income), net.

We believe that adjusting our diluted net loss per share to remove non-cash and non-recurring charges provides a useful perspective with respect to the Company's operating performance as well as comparisons to past and competitor operating results.

Stock-based compensation

Consists of non-cash charges related to our employee equity incentive plans.

We exclude stock-based compensation because management does not view these non-cash charges as part of our core operating performance. This adjustment facilitates a useful evaluation of our current operating performance as well as comparisons to past and competitor operating results.

Contingent consideration

Adjustment reflects a non-cash reduction to the fair market value of the contingent consideration liability related to the MENU Acquisition.

We exclude changes to the fair market value of our contingent consideration liability because management does not view these non-cash, non-recurring charges as part of our core operating performance. This adjustment facilitates a useful evaluation of our current operating performance as well as comparisons to past and competitor operating results.

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Non-GAAP Measure or Adjustment

Definition

Usefulness to management and investors

Transaction costs

Adjustment reflects non-recurring professional fees incurred in transaction due diligence and integration, including costs incurred in the acquisitions of Stuzo, TASK Group, and Delaget.

We exclude professional fees incurred in corporate development and integration because management does not view these non-recurring charges, which are inconsistent in size and are significantly impacted by the timing and valuation of our transactions, as part of our core operating performance. This adjustment facilitates a useful evaluation of our current operating performance, comparisons to past and competitor operating results, and additional means to evaluate expense trends.

Gain on insurance proceeds

Adjustment reflects the gain on insurance proceeds due to the settlement of legacy claims.

We exclude these non-recurring adjustments because management does not view these costs as part of our core operating performance. These adjustments facilitate a useful evaluation of our current operating performance as well as comparisons to past and competitor operating results.

Severance

Adjustment reflects severance tied to non-recurring restructuring events included in cost of sales, sales and marketing expense, general and administrative expense, and research and development expense.

Litigation expense

Adjustment reflects non-recurring legal fees incurred in connection with certain litigation matters and the release of a loss contingency and settlement expenses for certain legal matters.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Adjustment reflects loss on extinguishment of debt related to the conversion of the 2024 Notes and a portion of the 2026 Notes, and related to the early repayment of the Credit Facility.

Discontinued operations

Adjustment reflects income from discontinued operations related to the divestiture of our Government segment.

Impairment loss

Adjustment reflects impairment loss related to the discontinuance of the Brink POS trademark and the write-off of capitalized software development costs related to the PAR Clear product.

Other expense (income), net

Adjustment reflects foreign currency transaction gains and losses and other non-recurring income and expenses recorded in other (expense) income, net in the accompanying statements of operations.

Non-recurring income taxes

Adjustment reflects a partial release of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting from the Stuzo Acquisition and Delaget Acquisition.

We exclude these non-cash and non-recurring adjustments for purposes of calculating non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share because management does not view these costs as part of our core operating performance. These adjustments facilitate a useful evaluation of our current operating performance, comparisons to past and competitor operating results, and additional means to evaluate expense trends.

Non-cash interest

Adjustment reflects non-cash amortization of issuance costs and discount related to the Company's long-term debt.

Acquired intangible assets amortization

Adjustment reflects amortization expense of acquired developed technology included within cost of sales and amortization expense of other acquired intangible assets.

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The tables below provide reconciliations between net loss and adjusted EBITDA, diluted net loss per share and non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share, and subscription service gross margin percentage and non-GAAP subscription service gross margin percentage. Amounts presented in the reconciliations and other tables presented herein may not sum due to rounding.

(in thousands)

Year Ended

December 31,

Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA

Net loss

Discontinued operations

Net loss from continuing operations

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

Interest expense, net

Depreciation and amortization

Stock-based compensation

Contingent consideration

Litigation expense

Transaction costs

Gain on insurance proceeds

Severance

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Impairment loss

Other expense (income), net

Adjusted EBITDA

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Year Ended

December 31,

Reconciliation between GAAP and Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share

Diluted net loss per share

Discontinued operations

Diluted net loss per share from continuing operations

Non-recurring income taxes

Non-cash interest

Acquired intangible assets amortization

Stock-based compensation

Contingent consideration

Litigation expense

Transaction costs

Gain on insurance proceeds

Severance

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Impairment loss

Other expense (income), net

Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

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(in thousands)

Year Ended

December 31,

Reconciliation between GAAP and Non-GAAP Subscription Service Gross Margin Percentage

Subscription Service Gross Margin Percentage

Subscription Service Gross Margin

Depreciation and amortization

Stock-based compensation

Severance

Impairment loss

Non-GAAP Subscription Service Gross Margin

Non-GAAP Subscription Service Gross Margin Percentage

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $79.6 million. Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less, including money market funds.

Cash used in operating activities was $27.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in cash used in operating activities of $1.9 million was due to additional net working capital requirements substantially driven by an increase in accounts receivable resulting from revenue growth.

Cash used in investing activities was $13.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $180.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 included $4.3 million of cash consideration paid in connection with the GoSkip Asset Acquisition, capital expenditures of $3.3 million for fixed assets, and capital expenditures of $5.6 million for developed technology costs associated with our software platforms. The greater amount of cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was largely driven by $309.4 million of cash consideration paid in connection with the Stuzo Acquisition, the TASK Group Acquisition, and the Delaget Acquisition (net of cash acquired), partially offset by $96.1 million of cash consideration received in connection with the disposition of PGSC and RRC and $36.7 million of proceeds from net sales of short-term held-to-maturity investments.

Cash provided by financing activities was $12.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $278.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily consisted of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2030 Notes of $111.1 million (net of issuance costs), partially offset by the repayment in full of $93.6 million principal amount outstanding under the Credit Facility plus accrued interest and prepayment premium. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily consisted of a private placement of common stock of $194.5 million (net of issuance costs) and $87.3 million (net of issuance costs) from the Credit Facility. We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations.

We expect our available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our operating needs for at least the next 12 months. Over the next 12 months our total contractual obligations are $77.2 million, consisting of purchase commitments for normal operations (purchase of inventory, software licensing, use of external labor, and third-party cloud services) of $48.6 million, interest payments of $6.1 million and principal payments of $20.0 million related to long-term debt, and facility lease obligations of $2.4 million. We expect to fund such commitments with cash provided by operating activities and our sources of liquidity.

Our non-current contractual obligations are $413.1 million, consisting of purchase commitments for normal operations (purchase of inventory, software licensing, use of external labor, and third-party cloud services) of $16.7 million, interest payments of $9.1 million and principal payments of $380.0 million related to long-term debt, and facility leases of $7.4 million. Refer to "Note 5 – Leases" and “Note 10 – Debt” of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for additional information. We expect to fund such commitments with cash provided by operating activities, our sources of liquidity, and if necessary, equity, equity-linked, or debt financing arrangements.

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After period end, the Company acquired approximately $17.1 million aggregate principal amount of its remaining outstanding 2026 Notes (the "Additional Exchanged Notes") in exchange for 485,186 shares of the Company's common stock, plus approximately $134,000 in cash for accrued and unpaid interest on the Additional Exchanged Notes to, but excluding, the closing date (the "Additional Notes Exchange"). Following the Additional Notes Exchange, an aggregate of approximately $2.9 million principal amount of the 2026 Notes remained outstanding. Refer to "Note 17 – Subsequent Events" of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for additional information.

Our actual cash needs will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, growth of our SaaS revenues, the timing and extent of spending to support our product development and acquisition integration efforts, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, market acceptance of our products, and the factors described above in Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Annual Report and our other filings with the SEC.

From time to time, we may seek to raise additional capital through equity, equity-linked, and debt financing arrangements. In addition, our board of directors and management regularly evaluate our business, strategy, and financial plans and prospects. As part of this evaluation, the board of directors and management periodically consider strategic alternatives to maximize value for our shareholders, including strategic transactions such as an acquisition, or a sale or spin-off of non-strategic company assets or businesses. We cannot provide assurance that any additional financing or strategic alternatives will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires the use of estimates, assumptions, judgments, and subjective interpretations of accounting principles that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. We believe our use of estimates and underlying accounting assumptions adhere to GAAP and are consistently applied. Valuations based on estimates are reviewed for reasonableness and adequacy on a consistent basis. However, because these estimates are inherently uncertain, actual results could differ. Our estimates are also subject to uncertainties, including those associated with market conditions, risks, and trends. Refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Annual Report for additional information. The accounting policies and estimates summarized below are those that we consider critical, due to the significant judgments and assumptions involved and their potential impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Refer to “Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for additional information regarding our accounting policies and other disclosures required by GAAP.

Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenue is derived from three types of revenue: hardware sales, subscription services, and professional services, which may be sold separately or bundled together in a single contract. ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , requires the Company to distinguish and measure performance obligations under customer contracts. Contract consideration is allocated to all performance obligations within the arrangement or contract. Assessing whether products and services constitute distinct performance obligations that should be recognized separately or combined may require judgment. Performance obligations that are determined not to be distinct are combined with other performance obligations until the combined unit is determined to be distinct and that combined unit is then recognized as revenue over time or at a point in time depending on when control is transferred. The Company evaluated the potential performance obligations and evaluated whether each performance obligation met the ASC Topic 606 criteria to be considered a distinct performance obligation.

The primary method used to estimate a stand-alone selling price is the price that the Company charges for the particular good or service sold by the Company separately under similar circumstances to similar customers. Assessing the stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation may involve significant judgment. Key pricing factors taken into consideration include our discounting policies, transaction size and volume, target customer demographic, price lists, as well as both historical and current sales and contract prices.

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For certain arrangements, particularly those involving managed platform development services and transaction-based payment processing, we must determine whether we are acting as a principal or an agent. This assessment is based on our level of control over the services before they are transferred to the customer, our pricing discretion, and our responsibility for fulfillment. Where we conclude that we are the principal, we recognize revenue on a gross basis; otherwise, revenue is recorded net of certain pass-through costs.

Accounts Receivable – Current Expected Credit Losses

The Company maintains a provision for accounts receivables that it does not expect to collect. In accordance with ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses , the Company accrues its estimated losses from uncollectible accounts receivable to the provision based upon recent historical experience, the length of time the receivable has been outstanding, other specific information as it becomes available, and reasonable and supportable forecasts not already reflected in the historical loss information. Provisions for current expected credit losses are charged to current operating expenses. Actual losses are charged against the provision when incurred.

Inventories

The Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method. The Company uses certain estimates and judgments and considers several factors including hardware demand, changes in customer requirements, and changes in technology to provide for excess and obsolescence reserves to properly value inventory.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

We capitalize certain costs related to the development of our platform and other software applications for internal use in accordance with ASC Topic 350-40 , Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal - Use Software . We begin to capitalize our costs to develop software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. We stop capitalizing these costs when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, including the completion of all significant testing. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally estimated to be three to seven years. We also capitalize costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditure will result in additional functionality and expense costs incurred for maintenance and minor upgrades and enhancements. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria together with costs incurred for training and maintenance are expensed as incurred and recorded within research and development expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

We exercise judgment in determining the point at which various projects may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. To the extent that we change the manner in which we develop and test new features and functionalities related to our platform, assess the ongoing value of capitalized assets or determine the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, the amount of internal-use software development costs we capitalize and amortize could change in future periods.

Accounting for Business Combinations

We account for acquired businesses in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations , which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their respective fair values on the date of acquisition. The fair value of the consideration paid is assigned to the underlying net assets of the acquired business based on their respective fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded to goodwill. Intangible assets are amortized over the expected life of the asset. Fair value determinations and useful life estimates are based on, among other factors, estimates of expected future cash flows from revenues of the intangible assets acquired, estimates of appropriate discount rates used to present value expected future cash flows, estimated useful lives of the intangible assets acquired and other factors. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience, information obtained from the management of the acquired companies, and future expectations. For these and other reasons, actual results may vary significantly from estimated results.

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Discontinued Operations

In determining whether a group of assets disposed of (or is to be disposed of) should be presented as a discontinued operation, the Company analyzes whether the group of assets disposed of represented a component of the entity; that is, whether it had historic operations and cash flows that were discrete both operationally and for financial reporting purposes. In addition, the Company considers whether the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The assets and liabilities of a discontinued operation, other than goodwill, are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. When a portion of a reporting unit that constitutes a business is to be disposed of, the goodwill associated with that business is included in the carrying amount of the business based on the relative fair values of the business to be disposed of and the portion of the reporting unit that will be retained. Interest is allocated to discontinued operations if the interest is directly attributable to the discontinued operations or is interest on debt that is required to be repaid as a result of the disposal.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation for employee stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units using a straight-line method over the vesting period, based on the fair value at the grant date. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which incorporates assumptions as to the fair value of stock price, volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. In valuing stock options, significant judgment is required in determining the expected volatility of the Company's common stock and the expected life that individuals will hold their stock options prior to exercising. Expected volatility is based on the historical and implied volatility of the Company's common stock. The expected life of stock options is derived from the historical actual term of stock option grants and an estimate of future exercises during the remaining contractual period of the stock option. While volatility and estimated life are assumptions that do not bear the risk of change subsequent to the grant date of stock options, these assumptions may be difficult to measure, as they represent future expectations based on historical experience. Further, expected volatility and the expected life of stock options may change in the future, which could substantially change the grant-date fair value of future awards and, ultimately, the expense the Company records.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the accounting and reporting for the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with the reporting requirements of ASC Topic 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets . The Company will recognize impairment of long-lived assets or asset groups if the net book value of such assets exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset or asset group for assets to be held and used, or the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value less cost to sell for assets to be sold.

Goodwill

Fair values of the reporting unit are estimated using a weighted methodology considering the output from both the income and market approaches. The income approach incorporates the use of a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including revenue growth, operating income margin and discount rate. The market approach incorporates the use of the quoted price and public company methods utilizing public market data for our company and comparable companies.

Under GAAP, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, there is no need to perform any further testing. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform a quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded based on that difference.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Refer to “Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to consolidated financial statements in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report for details.