LANC Lancaster Colony Corp - 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock is subject to certain risks inherent in our business. Before making an investment decision, investors should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. These described risks are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not known to us or that we deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. If any of these risks were to materialize, the value of our common stock could decline significantly.

RISKS RELATED TO HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY

We may be subject to business disruptions, product recalls or other claims for real or perceived safety issues regarding our food products.

We have been, and in the future may be, impacted by both real and unfounded claims regarding the safety of our operations, or concerns regarding mislabeled, adulterated, contaminated or spoiled food products. Any of these circumstances could necessitate a voluntary or mandatory recall due to a substantial product hazard, a need to change a product’s labeling or other consumer safety concerns. A pervasive product recall may result in significant loss due to the costs of a recall, related legal claims, including claims arising from bodily injury or illness caused by our products, the destruction of product inventory, or lost sales due to product unavailability. A highly publicized product recall, whether involving us or any related products made by third parties, also could result in a loss of customers or an unfavorable change in consumer sentiment regarding our products or any category in which we operate. In addition, an allegation of noncompliance with federal or state food laws and regulations could result in production interruptions or shutdowns, delayed deliveries, discontinuation of product sales, or significant adverse publicity that could harm our credibility and decrease market acceptance of our products. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Any potential claim under our insurance policies may exceed our insurance coverage, may be subject to certain exceptions or may not be honored fully, in a timely manner, or at all.

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We may be subject to a loss of sales or increased costs due to adverse publicity or consumer concern regarding the safety, quality or healthfulness of food products, whether with our products, competing products or other related food products.

We are highly dependent upon consumers’ perception of the safety, quality and possible dietary attributes of our products. As a result, substantial negative publicity concerning one or more of our products, or other foods similar to or in the same food group as our products, could lead to lower demand for our products, reduced prices and lost sales. Substantial negative publicity, even when false or unfounded, could also hurt the image of our brands or cause consumers to choose other products or avoid categories in which we operate. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Certain negative publicity regarding the food industry or our products could also increase our cost of operations. The food industry has been subject to negative publicity concerning “ultra-processed” foods and the health implications of genetically modified organisms, added sugars, trans fat, salt, artificial growth hormones, artificial colors and food additives, ingredients sourced from foreign suppliers and other supply chain concerns.

Consumers may increasingly require that our products and processes meet stricter standards than are required by applicable governmental agencies, thereby increasing the cost of manufacturing our products. If we fail to adequately respond to any such consumer concerns, we could suffer lost sales and damage our brand image or our reputation. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS

Increases in the costs, or limitations in the availability, of raw materials, packaging and freight used to produce, package and deliver our products due to inflation, geopolitical events or otherwise could adversely affect our business by increasing our costs to produce goods.

Our principal raw materials include soybean oil, packaging materials, flour, various sweeteners, dairy-related products and eggs. Our ability to manufacture and/or sell our products may be impaired by damage or disruption to our manufacturing or distribution capabilities, or by the capabilities or failures of our suppliers or contract manufacturers, due to factors that are hard to predict or beyond our control, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, fire, terrorism, pandemics or similar public health emergencies, strikes, geopolitical events, or other events.

Production of the agricultural commodities used in our business may also be adversely affected by drought, water scarcity, temperature extremes, scarcity of suitable agricultural land, worldwide demand, changes in international trade arrangements, the imposition of tariffs by certain foreign governments, livestock disease (for example, avian influenza), crop disease and/or crop pests.

We purchase a majority of our key raw materials on the open market. Our ability to avoid the adverse effects of a pronounced, sustained price increase in our raw materials is limited. We have observed increased volatility in the costs of many of these raw materials in recent years. Similarly, fluctuating petroleum prices and transportation capacity have, from time to time, impacted our costs of resin-based packaging and our costs of inbound freight on all purchased materials.

We try to limit our exposure to price fluctuations for raw materials by periodically entering into longer-term, fixed-price contracts for certain raw materials, but we cannot ensure success in limiting our exposure. Inflation has and may continue to adversely affect us by increasing our costs of raw materials, packaging and freight, as well as wage and benefit costs. Any substantial change in the prices or availability of raw materials may have an adverse impact on our profitability. Furthermore, consumer spending patterns, which may be difficult to predict in an inflationary environment, may adversely affect demand for our products. During challenging economic times, consumers may be less willing or able to pay a price premium for our branded products and may shift purchases to lower-priced offerings, making it more difficult for us to maintain prices and/or effectively implement price increases.

In addition, our retail partners and retail distributors may pressure us to rescind price increases we have announced or already implemented, whether through a change in list price or increased trade and promotional activity. We may experience further increases in the costs of raw materials and our ability to maintain prices or effectively implement price increases may be affected by several factors, including competition, effectiveness of our marketing programs, the continuing strength of our brands, market demand and general economic conditions, including broader inflationary pressures. If we cannot maintain or increase prices for our products or must increase trade and promotional activity, our margins may be adversely affected. Furthermore, price increases generally result in volume losses, as consumers tend to purchase fewer units at higher price points. If such losses are greater than expected or if we lose distribution due to price increases, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Geopolitical instability could lead to unavailability, shortages or higher costs of raw materials due to supply chain disruptions, delays in delivery, or the imposition of sanctions or increased tariffs. Changes in global grain and commodity flows could impact the markets in which we operate, which may in turn negatively impact our business, results of operations, supply chain and financial condition.

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A disruption of production at certain manufacturing facilities could result in an inability to meet customer demand for certain of our products, which could also negatively impact our ability to maintain adequate levels of product placement with our customers on a long-term basis.

Because we source certain products from single manufacturing sites and use third-party manufacturers for certain products, it is possible that we could experience a production disruption that results in a reduction or elimination of the availability of some of our products. If we are not able to obtain alternate production capability in a timely manner, or on favorable terms, it could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, including the potential for long-term loss of product placement with various customers.

We are also subject to risks of other business disruptions associated with our dependence on production facilities, distribution systems and third-party staffing agencies. For example, we rely on third-party temporary staffing agencies to support certain of our production operations. If, for any reason, we are unable to source sufficient resources from these staffing agencies to support our production expectations, it could result in an inability to meet consumer demand for certain of our products and have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, pandemics and similar public health emergencies, natural disasters, terrorist activity, cyber attacks, geopolitical events or other unforeseen events could interrupt production or distribution and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, including the potential for long-term loss of product placement with our customers.

Labor shortages, increased labor costs, and increased labor turnover could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We have experienced labor shortages, increased labor costs and increased employee turnover, which were due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related policies and mandates and exacerbated by inflationary costs. In this increasingly tight and competitive labor market, a sustained labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our workforce, or the workforce of any of our significant vendors, suppliers and other parties with which we do business, could lead to production or shipping delays and increased costs, including increased wages to attract and retain employees and increased overtime to meet demand. Changes in immigration laws and policies or the enforcement of such laws or policies could also make it more difficult for us to recruit or retain skilled employees. In addition, our ability to recruit and retain a highly skilled and diverse workforce at our corporate offices, manufacturing facilities and other work locations could be adversely impacted if we fail to respond adequately to rapidly changing employee expectations regarding fair compensation, an inclusive workplace, flexible working arrangements or other matters. These factors could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The availability and cost of warehousing and transportation for our products is vital to our success, and the loss of availability or increase in the cost of warehouse capacity and transportation could have an unfavorable impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We rely on third-party carriers to transport our products. Our ability to obtain adequate and reasonably priced methods of transportation to distribute our products, including refrigerated trailers for many of our products, is a key factor to our success. Delays in transportation, including weather-related delays and disruptions due to a pandemic or similar public health emergency, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further, higher fuel costs and increased line haul costs due to industry capacity constraints, customer delivery requirements and a more restrictive regulatory environment could negatively impact our financial results. We are often required to pay fuel surcharges that fluctuate with the price of diesel fuel to third-party transporters of our products, and, during periods of fast-rising fuel prices, such surcharges can be substantial. If we were unable to pass higher freight costs to our customers in the form of price increases, those higher costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we do not own a portion of our warehouse facilities as they are leased by us from third parties. If any of our warehouse capacity is unexpectedly decreased or compromised, particularly with respect to our frozen warehouse capacity, we could experience increased costs, decreased customer service levels, and lost revenue.

Our operations are dependent on a wide array of third parties.

The success of our end-to-end supply chain relies on the continued performance of a wide array of third parties. Suppliers, third-party manufacturers and co-packers, IT vendors, and logistics providers are among our critical partners. Although we take steps to qualify, assess and monitor third parties with whom we do business, we cannot guarantee that all third parties will perform dependably or at all. It is possible that events beyond our control, such as operational failures, financial failure, labor issues, cybersecurity events, pandemics, or other issues could impact our unaffiliated third parties. If our third parties fail to deliver on their commitments, introduce unplanned risk to our operations, or are unable to fulfill their obligations, we could experience manufacturing challenges, shipment delays, increased costs, or lost revenue.

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Increases in energy-related costs could negatively affect our business by increasing our costs to produce goods.

We are subject to volatility in energy-related costs that affect the cost of producing and distributing our products, including our petroleum-derived packaging materials. Furthermore, any sudden and dramatic increases in electricity or natural gas costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We limit our exposure to price fluctuations in energy-related costs by periodically entering into longer-term, fixed-price contracts for natural gas and electricity supply for some of our manufacturing facilities. However, due to the inherent variability of contractual terms and end dates, in addition to the extent to which the energy markets in which we operate have been deregulated to allow for contracted supply, we will retain some level of exposure to future price fluctuations for our energy-related costs.

Epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health emergencies and disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, have disrupted and may cause future disruptions to consumption, supply chains, management, operations and production processes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health emergencies and disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, as well as related government mandates, have negatively affected and may in the future negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The impacts of a widespread outbreak may include, but are not limited to, a shift in demand between our Retail and Foodservice segments or a significant reduction in overall demand resulting from forced or temporary curtailment of business operations; a disruption or shutdown of one or more of our manufacturing, warehousing or distribution facilities; failure of third parties on which we rely to meet their obligations to us; disruption to or loss of essential manufacturing and supply elements; and incurrence of additional labor, operating, and administrative costs, including insurance costs. The duration and severity of any such outbreak as well as third-party actions taken to contain the spread and mitigate public health effects are uncertain and difficult to predict. In addition, our efforts to manage the impacts of any such outbreak may be unsuccessful, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our inability to successfully renegotiate collective bargaining contracts and any prolonged work stoppages could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We believe that our labor relations with employees under collective bargaining contracts are satisfactory, but our inability to negotiate the renewal of any collective bargaining agreements, including the agreement at our Vineland, New Jersey facility, which is currently scheduled to expire in December 2025, or any prolonged work stoppages or other types of labor unrest could in some cases impair our ability to supply our products to customers, which could result in reduced sales and may distract our management from focusing on other aspects of our business and strategic priorities. Any of these activities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The loss of the services of one or more members of our senior management team could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our operations and prospects depend in large part on the performance of our senior management team, several of which are long-serving employees with significant knowledge of our business model and operations. Should we not be able to find qualified replacements or successors for any of these individuals if their services were no longer available due to retirement, resignation or otherwise, our ability to manage our operations or successfully execute our business strategy may be materially and adversely affected.

Manufacturing capacity constraints may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our current manufacturing resources may be inadequate to meet significantly increased demand for some of our food products. Our ability to increase our manufacturing capacity to satisfy demand depends on many factors, including the availability of capital, construction lead-times and delays, equipment availability and delivery lead-times, successful installation and start up, the availability of adequate skilled and unskilled labor, regulatory permitting and other regulatory requirements. Increasing capacity through the use of third-party manufacturers depends on our ability to establish, develop and maintain such relationships and the ability of such third parties to devote additional capacity to fill our orders.

A lack of sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet demand could cause our customer service levels to decrease, which may negatively affect customer demand for our products and customer relations generally, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, operating facilities at or near capacity may also increase production and distribution costs and negatively affect relations with our employees or contractors, which could result in disruptions in our operations.

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We may require significant capital expenditures to maintain, improve or replace aging infrastructure and facilities, which could adversely affect our cash flows.

Some of our infrastructure and facilities have been in service for many years, which may result in a higher level of future maintenance costs and unscheduled repairs. Further, a portion of our infrastructure and facilities may need to be improved or replaced to maintain or increase operational efficiency, sustain production capacity, or meet changing regulatory requirements. A significant increase in maintenance costs and capital expenditures could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, a failure to operate our facilities optimally could result in declining customer service capabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We may not be able to successfully consummate proposed acquisitions or divestitures, and integrating acquired businesses may present financial, managerial and operational challenges.

We look for and evaluate potential opportunities to acquire other businesses or assets that would strategically fit within our operations. We may be unable to identify businesses that complement our strategy for growth. If we do succeed in identifying a company with such a business, we may not be able to acquire the company or an interest in the company on terms that are favorable to us for many reasons, including:

• a failure to agree on the terms of the acquisition or investment;

• incompatibility between us and the management of the company that we wish to acquire or invest;

• competition from other potential acquirers;

• a lack of capital to make the acquisition or investment; or

• the unwillingness of the company to partner with us.

If we are unable to consummate, successfully integrate and grow these acquisitions or realize contemplated revenue growth, synergies and cost savings, our financial results could be adversely affected. In addition, we may, from time to time, divest or seek to divest businesses, product lines or other operations that are less of a strategic fit within our portfolio or do not meet our growth or profitability targets, particularly as customer demands evolve in the face of inflationary and other broader market factors. We may not be able to consummate any such divestitures on favorable terms or at all, in which case we may determine to exit the business, product line or other operations. As a result, our profitability may be adversely affected by losses on the sales of divested assets or lost operating income or cash flows from those businesses. We may also incur asset impairment or restructuring charges related to acquired or divested assets, which may reduce our profitability and cash flows.

These potential acquisitions or divestitures present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including diversion of management attention from ongoing businesses, difficulty with integrating or separating personnel and financial and other systems, increased expenses, assumption of unknown liabilities, indemnities and potential disputes with the buyers or sellers.

Climate change, including drought, and increasingly stringent legal and market measures to address climate change may present challenges to our business and adversely affect our business, reputation, operations and supply chain.

The effects of climate change expose us to physical, financial and operational risks, both directly and indirectly. Climate change may have a negative effect on agricultural productivity and subject us to decreased availability or less favorable pricing for certain raw materials that are necessary for our products, including, but not limited to, soybean oil, corn and corn syrup, sugar, and wheat (including durum wheat). In addition, we may be subject to decreased availability or less favorable pricing of soybean oil as a result of increased demand for soybean oil in the production of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel.

Increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters, such as drought, have in the past and may in the future result in material damage and disruptions to our manufacturing operations and distribution channels or our third-party manufacturers’ operations, particularly where a product is primarily sourced from a single location impacted by a climate event. This may require us to make additional unplanned capital expenditures, increase the prices of our raw materials due to sourcing from other locations, increase our cost of transporting and storing raw materials, or disrupt our production schedules.

Also, drought or other climate events may cause unpredictable water availability or exacerbate water scarcity. Water is critical to our business, including the operations of the suppliers on whom we depend, and the lack of available water of acceptable quality may lead to, among other things, adverse effects on our operations.

The increasing concern over climate change and related environmental sustainability matters also has and is likely to continue to result in more federal, state, and local legal and regulatory requirements, including requirements affecting key energy inputs in the manufacturing and distribution of our products, such as natural gas, diesel fuel, and electricity. These laws and regulations may include requirements to conserve water or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Depending on the nature of such legal requirements, we may experience significant increases in our compliance costs, production costs, capital expenditures, and other financial obligations to adapt our business and operations to meet new laws and regulations, which could materially affect our profitability.

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Further, our businesses could be adversely affected if we are unable to effectively address concerns from the media, shareholders, customers, and other stakeholders specific to our business regarding climate change and related environmental sustainability and governance matters.

RISKS RELATED TO THE BRANDS WE SELL AND CUSTOMER DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS

We rely on the value of our reputation and the value of the brands we sell, and the failure to maintain and enhance these brands, including as a result of negative publicity (whether or not warranted), could adversely affect our business.

We rely on the success of our well-recognized brand names. Maintaining and enhancing our brand image and recognition is essential to our long-term success. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We seek to maintain and enhance our brands through a variety of efforts, including the delivery of quality products, extending our brands into new markets and new products and investing in marketing and advertising. The costs of maintaining and enhancing our brands, including maintaining our rights to brands under license agreements, may increase. These increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Negative publicity about our company, our brands or our products, even if inaccurate or untrue, could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in our products, which could harm our business and operating results. For example, public allegations have been made against several food companies, including us, regarding unlawful child labor practices.

Allegations, even if untrue, that we, our suppliers, third-party staffing agencies, contract manufacturers or other business partners are not complying with applicable workplace and labor laws, including child labor and immigration laws, or regarding the actual or perceived abuse or misuse of migrant workers, could negatively affect our overall reputation and brand image, which in turn could have a negative impact on our relationships with customers, consumers and our brand license partners, as well as subject us to increased regulatory and political scrutiny. Moreover, failure or perceived failure to comply with legal or regulatory requirements applicable to our business could expose us to litigation, governmental inquiries and substantial fines and penalties, as well as costs and distractions, that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our reputation could also be adversely impacted by a perception that we do not maintain high ethical, social or environmental standards for all of our operations and activities. Any such negative perceptions, or any negative publicity regarding our environmental, social or governance practices, could impact our reputation with customers, consumers and other constituents, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we fail to respect our employees’ and our supply chain employees’ human rights, or inadvertently discriminate against any group of employees or hiring prospects, our ability to hire and retain the best talent will be diminished, which could have a material adverse effect on our overall business.

In addition, we increasingly rely on electronic marketing, such as social media platforms and the use of online marketing strategies, to support and enhance our brands. This “e-commerce” marketplace is growing and evolving quickly and allows for the rapid dissemination of information regarding our brands by us and consumers. We may not be able to successfully adapt our marketing efforts to this rapidly changing marketplace, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, negative opinions or commentary posted online regarding our brands, regardless of their underlying merits or accuracy, could diminish the value of our brands and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We manufacture and sell numerous products pursuant to license agreements and failure to maintain or renew these agreements could adversely affect our business.

We manufacture and sell numerous products pursuant to brand license agreements, including Chick-fil-A ® sauces and dressings, Olive Garden ® dressings, Buffalo Wild Wings ® sauces, Texas Roadhouse ® steak sauces and frozen rolls, and Subway ® sauces. Maintaining license agreements under which we market and sell certain brands is important to our business. Our brand license agreements are typically for a fixed term with no automatic renewal options or provisions. We cannot ensure that we will maintain good relationships with our brand licensors or that we will be able to renew any of our license agreements upon expiration. Our key brand license agreements can be terminated or not renewed at the option of the licensor upon short notice to us. The termination of our brand license agreements, the failure to renew any of our significant brand license agreements or failure to renew them under terms that are similar and not materially less favorable to us, including as a result of negative publicity (whether or not warranted), adverse changes in the economic health or reputation of our brand licensors, or the impairment of our relationships with our brand licensors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Competitive conditions within our Retail and Foodservice markets could impact our sales volumes and operating profits.

Competition within all of our markets is expected to remain intense. Numerous competitors exist, many of which are larger than us in size and are engaged in the development of food ingredients and packaged food products and frequently introduce new products into the market. These competitive conditions could lead to significant downward pressure on the prices of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

Competitive considerations in the various product categories in which we sell are numerous and include price, product innovation, product quality, reputation, brand recognition and loyalty, effectiveness of marketing, promotional activity and the ability to remain relevant to consumer preferences and trends.

If we do not introduce successful product innovations, or if our competitors introduce products that are more appealing to the tastes and dietary habits of consumers or considered to be of higher quality or value than our products, our sales and market share could decline, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and share price. Consumer preferences and trends may change based on a number of factors, including product taste and nutrition, food allergies, sustainability values, and animal welfare concerns. For example, consumers have increasingly focused on well-being, including reducing sodium and added sugar consumption or using weight-loss drugs to reduce consumption overall or change consumption patterns, as well as the source and authenticity of ingredients in the foods they consume. Emerging science and theories regarding health are constantly evolving, and products or methods of eating once considered healthy may over time become disfavored by consumers or no longer be perceived as healthy. Approaches regarding healthy lifestyles also are the subject of numerous studies and publications, often with differing views and opinions, some of which may be adverse to us. Furthermore, if we choose or are pressured by our competitors or customers to switch to sustainable packaging or natural ingredients for our products, it may be difficult to source sufficient quantities of such sustainable or natural materials. Our failure to anticipate and respond to changing consumer preferences on a timely basis or in line with our competitors could result in reduced demand and price decreases for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In order to maintain our existing market share or capture increased market share among our retail and foodservice channels, we may decide to increase our spending on marketing and promotional costs, advertising and new product innovation. The success of marketing, advertising and new product innovation is subject to risks, including uncertainties about trade and consumer acceptance. As a result, any such increased expenditures may not maintain or enhance our market share and could result in lower profitability.

Walmart is our largest Retail customer. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, Walmart’s business, or an adverse change in the financial condition of Walmart, could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our net sales to Walmart represented 19% and 18% of consolidated net sales for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our accounts receivable balance from Walmart as of June 30, 2025 was $31.1 million. We may not be able to maintain our relationship with Walmart, and Walmart is not contractually obligated to purchase from us. In addition, changes in Walmart’s general business model, such as reducing the shelf space devoted to the branded products we market, or devoting more shelf space to competing products, could adversely affect the profitability of our business with Walmart, even if we maintain a good relationship. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, this business could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability. Unfavorable changes in Walmart’s financial condition or other disruptions to Walmart’s business, such as decreased consumer demand or stronger competition, could also have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Chick-fil-A represents a significant portion of our Foodservice segment sales. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, this national chain restaurant’s business, or an adverse change in Chick-fil-A’s financial condition, or in the financial condition of the distributors through which Chick-fil-A buys our products, could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Sales to Chick-fil-A in our Foodservice segment, which are primarily made indirectly through several foodservice distributors, represented 21% of consolidated net sales for each of the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Chick-fil-A, like most of the other national chain restaurants with which we work, has a direct relationship with us for culinary research and development, menu development and production needs but purchases some of our products indirectly through distributors. Those distributors order our products on behalf of Chick-fil-A, and we invoice the distributors. We cannot ensure that we will be able to maintain good relationships with Chick-fil-A or any such distributors in the future. We do not have any long-term purchase commitments from Chick-fil-A or such distributors, and we may be unable to continue to sell our products in the same quantities or on the same terms as in the past. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, this business could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability. Further, unfavorable changes in the financial condition of Chick-fil-A or any significant distributor, or other disruptions to their respective businesses, such as decreased consumer demand or stronger competition, could also have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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We rely on the performance of major retailers, mass merchants, wholesalers, food brokers, distributors and foodservice customers for the success of our business and, should they perform poorly or give higher priority to other brands or products, our business could be adversely affected.

Within our Retail and Foodservice segments, we sell our products principally to retail and foodservice channels, including traditional supermarkets, mass merchants, warehouse clubs, specialty food distributors, foodservice distributors and national chain restaurants. Poor performance by our customers, or our inability to collect accounts receivable from our customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In addition, our future growth and profitability may be unfavorably impacted by recent changes in the competitive landscape for our Retail segment customers. As consolidation in the retail grocery industry continues and our retail customers also grow larger and become more sophisticated, they may demand improved efficiency, lower pricing, increased promotional programs, or specifically tailored products. If we are unable to respond to these demands, our profitability or volume growth could be negatively impacted. Consolidation also increases the risk that adverse changes in our customers’ business operations or financial performance will have a corresponding material adverse effect on us. For example, if our customers cannot access sufficient funds or financing, then they may delay, decrease, or cancel purchases of our products, or delay or fail to pay us for previous purchases. Further, these customers may increase their emphasis on private label products and other products holding top market positions. If we fail to use our sales and marketing expertise to maintain our category leadership positions to respond to such events, or if we lower our prices or increase promotional support of our products and are unable to increase the volume of our products sold, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Furthermore, within our Retail segment, many of our customers offer competitor branded products and their own store branded products that compete directly with our products for shelf space and consumer purchases. Unattractive placement or pricing, including as a result of our recent price increases due to inflation, may put our products at a disadvantage compared to those of our competitors, including private label products. Even if we obtain shelf space or preferable shelf placement, our new and existing products may fail to achieve the sales expectations set by our retailers, potentially causing these retailers to discontinue selling our products. Additionally, an increase in the quantity and quality of private label products in the product categories in which we compete could create more pressure for shelf space and placement for branded products within each such category, which could materially and adversely affect our sales. Accordingly, there is a risk that these customers give higher priority or promotional support to their store branded products or to our competitors’ products or discontinue selling our products in favor of their store branded products or other competing products. Likewise, our foodservice distributors often offer their own branded products that compete directly with our products. Failure to maintain our retail shelf space or priority with these customers and foodservice distributors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Emerging channels, such as online retailers and home meal kit delivery services, also continue to evolve and impact both the retail and foodservice industries. Our ultimate success in these channels and the resulting impacts to our financial results are uncertain.

RISKS RELATED TO CYBERSECURITY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Cyber attacks, data breaches or other breaches of our information security systems have had, and in the future could have, an adverse effect on our business strategy, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Cyber attacks, data breaches or other breaches of our information security systems, as well as those of our third-party service providers, including cloud service providers, and other third parties with which we do business, may cause equipment failures, disruptions to our operations and access to or exfiltration of supplier, customer, employee or other confidential and personal information. Our inability to operate our networks and information security systems as a result of such events, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses. Cyber attacks on businesses, which include the use of malware, ransomware, computer viruses and other means for disruption or unauthorized access, have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years and may remain undetected for an extended period. Additionally, as a result of state-sponsored cyber threats, we may face increased risks as companies based in the United States and its allied countries have become targets of malicious cyber activity.

Hardware, software or applications we utilize on our networks and work-issued devices may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security, potentially resulting in the unauthorized disclosure and misappropriation of sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and personal data. Furthermore, our increased use of mobile and cloud technologies, including as a result of our transition to our current enterprise resource planning system, has heightened these cybersecurity and privacy risks. In addition, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to information or to sabotage information technology systems change frequently. The rapid ongoing evolution and increased adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, may make it more difficult to avoid unauthorized disclosure and misappropriation of proprietary information and to

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anticipate and implement protective measures to recognize, detect, and prevent the occurrence of any of the cyber attacks. Like most businesses, we have seen, and will likely continue to see, vulnerabilities which could affect our systems or those of our third-party service providers or other third parties with which we do business.

While we have been subject to cyber attacks, none of these events has been material to our operations or financial condition. Our efforts to protect the security of our information relative to our perceived risks may be insufficient to defend against a significant cyber attack in the future. The costs associated with a significant cyber attack could include increased expenditures on cybersecurity measures, lost revenues from business interruption, litigation, regulatory fines and penalties and substantial damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business strategy, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The cost and efforts expended in our attempts to prevent cyber attacks and data breaches may continue to be significant, and our efforts to prevent these attacks may not be successful. New data security laws and regulations are being implemented rapidly, are evolving, and may not be compatible with our current processes. Changing our processes could be time consuming and expensive. Further, we may not be able to timely implement required changes, and failure to do so could subject us to liability for non-compliance. If we fail to prevent the theft of valuable information such as financial data, sensitive information about our Company and intellectual property, or if we fail to protect the privacy of customers’, consumers’ or employees’ confidential data against breaches of network or information technology security, it could result in substantial damage to our reputation and an impairment of business partner confidences and brand image, which could adversely impact our employee, customer and investor relations. Further, any potential claim under our insurance policies relating to cyber events may be subject to certain exceptions or may not be honored fully, in a timely manner, or at all. We may not have purchased sufficient insurance to cover all material costs and losses, and in the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate liability insurance on commercially desirable or reasonable terms or at all. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business strategy, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Technology failures could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

We increasingly rely on information technology systems to conduct and manage our business operations, including the processing, transmitting, and storing of electronic information. For example, our sales group and our production and distribution facilities utilize information technology to increase efficiencies and limit costs. Furthermore, a significant portion of the communications between our personnel, customers, and suppliers depends on information technology and an uninterrupted and functioning infrastructure, including telecommunications. Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions due to events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, natural disasters and other severe weather events, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, cyber attacks and other security issues. Furthermore, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies may intensify our cybersecurity risks. Our information technology systems could also be adversely affected by changes relating to remote work arrangements for our employees. If we are unable to adequately protect against these vulnerabilities, our operations could be disrupted, or we may suffer financial damage or loss because of lost or misappropriated information.

Failure to comply with current or future federal, state and foreign laws and regulations and industry standards relating to privacy and data protection could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We are subject to various privacy, information security, and data protection laws, rules and regulations that present an ever-evolving regulatory landscape across multiple jurisdictions and industry sections. Federal, state, and foreign legislators and regulators are increasingly adopting or revising privacy, information security, and data protection laws, rules and regulations that could have a significant impact on our current and planned privacy, data protection, and information security-related practices, including our collection, use, storing, sharing, retention, safeguarding and other processing of certain types of consumer or employee information, which could further increase our costs of compliance and business operations and could reduce income from certain business initiatives.

For example, we are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”). The CCPA was amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2023. The CCPA, as amended, has required us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur compliance-related costs and expenses. The effects of the CCPA, the CPRA, and laws, rules or regulations of other jurisdictions relating to privacy, data protection and information security that apply now or in the future, particularly any new or modified laws or regulations that require enhanced protection of certain types of data or new obligations with regard to data retention, transfer or disclosure, are significant, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, and could increase our costs, require significant changes to our operations, prevent us from providing certain offerings or cause us to incur potential liability in an effort to comply with such legislation.

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The rapidly evolving nature of state and federal privacy laws, including potential inconsistencies between such laws and uncertainty as to their application, adds additional complexity and compliance costs and increases our risk of non-compliance. While we strive to comply with such laws, we may not be in compliance at all times in all respects. Further, due to the uncertainty surrounding the interpretation and application of many privacy and data protection requirements, laws, regulations, and contractually imposed industry standards, it is possible that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or business activities. If so, in addition to the possibility of substantial fines, lawsuits and other claims and penalties, we could be required to make fundamental changes to our data management practices and business activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Failure to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable privacy and data security laws, rules, regulations and policies could result in additional cost and liability to us, administrative actions, damage our reputation, inhibit growth, and otherwise adversely affect our business.

RISKS RELATED TO REGULATORY AND LEGAL MATTERS

We are subject to federal, state and local government regulations that could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our business operations are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local government entities and agencies. As a producer of food products for human consumption, our operations are subject to stringent production, packaging, quality, labeling and distribution standards, including regulations promulgated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Food Safety Modernization Act. The imposition or proposed imposition of additional product labeling or warning requirements could reduce overall consumption of our products, lead to negative publicity (whether based in scientific fact or not) or leave consumers with the perception (whether or not valid) that our products do not meet their health and wellness needs. We cannot predict whether future regulation by various federal, state and local government entities and agencies would adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In recent years, our industry has been subject to increased regulatory scrutiny, including by the Federal Trade Commission and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. We anticipate that regulators will continue to scrutinize our industry closely and that additional regulation by governmental authorities may increase compliance costs, exposure to litigation and other adverse effects to our operations.

Further, now that the Supreme Court of the United States has overturned the Chevron doctrine of deference to regulatory agencies in litigation against those agencies, more companies may bring lawsuits against regulatory agencies to challenge longstanding decisions and policies, which could undermine the agency’s authority, and disrupt its normal operations, lead to uncertainty in the industry, and delay the review or implementation of our marketing plans. It is difficult to predict how current and future legislation, executive actions, and litigation, including the executive orders, will be implemented, and the extent to which they will impact our business and regulatory agencies’ ability to exercise their authority. To the extent any legislative or executive actions impose constraints on a regulatory agency’s ability to engage in oversight and implementation activities in the normal course, our business may be negatively impacted.

Additionally, there is an increased focus by foreign, federal, state and local regulatory and legislative bodies regarding environmental policies relating to climate change, regulating greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon pricing regulations, cap and trade systems or a carbon tax), energy policies and sustainability, including extended producer responsibility ("EPR") laws and regulations for packaging. Increased compliance costs and expenses due to any customer requirements, the impacts of climate change and additional legal, or regulatory requirements in these areas may cause disruptions in, or an increase in the costs associated with, the operation of our manufacturing facilities and our business, as well as an increase distribution and supply chain costs.

In addition, our business operations and the past and present ownership and operation of our properties, including idle properties, are subject to extensive and changing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the discharge of materials into the environment, the handling and disposition of wastes (including solid and hazardous wastes) or otherwise relating to protection of the environment. Although most of our properties have been subjected to periodic environmental assessments, these assessments may be limited in scope and may not include or identify all potential environmental liabilities or risks associated with any particular property. We cannot be certain that our environmental assessments have identified all potential environmental liabilities or that we will not incur material environmental liabilities in the future.

We cannot be certain that environmental issues relating to presently known matters or identified sites, or to other unknown matters or sites, will not require additional, currently unanticipated investigation, assessment or expenditures. If we do incur or discover any material environmental liabilities or potential environmental liabilities in the future, we may face significant remediation costs and find it difficult to sell or lease any affected properties.

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RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN OUR COMMON STOCK

Mr. Gerlach, a member of our Board of Directors, has a significant ownership interest in our Company.

As of June 30, 2025, Mr. Gerlach and the Gerlach family trusts owned or controlled approximately 27% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, Mr. Gerlach has significant influence on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of our common stock, including the election of directors. Mr. Gerlach’s voting power may also have the effect of discouraging transactions involving an actual or a potential change of control of our Company, regardless of whether a premium is offered over then-current market prices.

The interests of Mr. Gerlach may conflict with the interests of other holders of our common stock. This conflict of interest may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock. For instance, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock into the public market, particularly shares held by Mr. Gerlach or the Gerlach family trusts, or the perception that these sales might occur in large quantities, could cause the price of our common stock to decline, even if our business is doing well.

Anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire our Company.

Certain provisions of our charter documents, including provisions limiting the ability of shareholders to raise matters at a meeting of shareholders without giving advance notice and provisions classifying our Board of Directors, may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire our Company or influence our Board of Directors. This may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes of control or management, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of our stock.

Additionally, Ohio corporate law contains certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control. The Ohio Control Share Acquisition Act found in Chapter 1701 of the Ohio Revised Code (“ORC”) provides that certain notice and informational filings and a special shareholder meeting and voting procedures must be followed prior to consummation of a proposed “control share acquisition,” as defined in the ORC. Assuming compliance with the prescribed notice and information filings, a proposed control share acquisition may be accomplished only if, at a special meeting of shareholders, the acquisition is approved by both a majority of the voting power represented at the meeting and a majority of the voting power remaining after excluding the combined voting power of the “interested shares,” as defined in the ORC. The Interested Shareholder Transactions Act found in Chapter 1704 of the ORC generally prohibits certain transactions, including mergers, majority share acquisitions and certain other control transactions, with an “interested shareholder,” as defined in the ORC, for a three-year period after becoming an interested shareholder, unless our Board of Directors approved the initial acquisition. After the three-year waiting period, such a transaction may require additional approvals under the Interested Shareholder Transactions Act, including approval by two-thirds of our voting shares and a majority of our voting shares not owned by the interested shareholder. The application of these provisions of the ORC, or any similar anti-takeover law adopted in Ohio, could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of our stock.

Also, our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 1,150,000 shares of Class B Voting Preferred Stock and 1,150,000 shares of Class C Nonvoting Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of those shares without any further vote or action by the shareholders. The rights of the holders of our common stock may be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any Class B Voting Preferred Stock and Class C Nonvoting Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. Our Company could use these rights to put in place a shareholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” that could be used in connection with a bid or proposal of acquisition for an inadequate price.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Unless otherwise noted, references to “year” pertain to our fiscal year; for example, 2025 refers to fiscal 2025, which is the period from July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements in this section and other parts of this report involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, including statements regarding our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and financial performance. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors set forth under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” and those set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our discussion of results for 2025 compared to 2024 is included herein. For discussion of results for 2024 compared to 2023, see our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

OVERVIEW

Business Overview

The Marzetti Company is a manufacturer and marketer of specialty food products for the retail and foodservice channels.

Our financial results are presented as two reportable segments: Retail and Foodservice. Costs that are directly attributable to either Retail or Foodservice are charged directly to the appropriate segment. Costs that are deemed to be indirect, excluding corporate expenses and other unusual significant transactions, are allocated to the two reportable segments using a reasonable methodology that is consistently applied.

Over 95% of our products are sold in the United States. Foreign operations and export sales have not been significant in the past and are not expected to be significant in the future based upon existing operations. We do not have any fixed assets located outside of the United States.

Our business has the potential to achieve future growth in sales and profitability due to attributes such as:

• leading Retail market positions in several product categories with a high-quality perception;

• recognized innovation in Retail products;

• a broad customer base in both Retail and Foodservice accounts;

• well-regarded culinary expertise among Foodservice customers;

• long-standing Foodservice customer relationships that help to support strategic licensing opportunities in Retail;

• demonstrated success with strategic licensing programs in Retail through both new and established relationships in the foodservice industry;

• recognized leadership in Foodservice product development;

• experience in integrating complementary business acquisitions; and

• historically strong cash flow generation that supports growth opportunities.

Our goal is to grow both Retail and Foodservice segment sales over time by:

• introducing new products and expanding distribution;

• leveraging the strength of our Retail brands to increase current product sales;

• expanding Retail growth through strategic licensing agreements;

• continuing to rely upon the strength of our reputation in Foodservice product development and quality; and

• acquiring complementary businesses.

With respect to long-term growth, we continually evaluate the future opportunities and needs for our business specific to our plant infrastructure, IT platforms and other initiatives to support and strengthen our operations. Recent examples of resulting investments include:

• the acquisition of a sauce and dressing production facility in the Atlanta, Georgia area in February 2025;

• a significant capacity expansion project for our Marzetti dressing and sauce facility in Horse Cave, Kentucky that was fully operational beginning in March 2023; and

• our enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”) project and related initiatives, Project Ascent, that reached completion of the implementation phase in August 2023.

Project Ascent entailed the replacement of our primary customer and manufacturing transactional systems, warehousing systems, and financial systems with an integrated SAP S/4HANA system. Implementation of this system began in July 2022 and continued throughout fiscal 2023. Customer fulfillment levels remained strong before and after the initial system cutover with no unplanned disruptions in receiving orders, producing products or shipping orders. During fiscal 2023, we progressed through our ERP implementation with no major disruptions. We completed the final wave of the implementation phase in August 2023 as planned and have shifted our focus towards leveraging the capabilities of our new ERP system.

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RESULTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

(Dollars in thousands,

except per share data)

Years Ended June 30,

Change

Net Sales

Cost of Sales

Gross Profit

Gross Margin

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

Operating Income

Operating Margin

Pension Settlement Charge

Other, Net

Income Before Income Taxes

Taxes Based on Income

Effective Tax Rate

Net Income

Diluted Net Income Per Common Share

Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the year ended June 30, 2025 increased 2.0% to a new record of $1,909.1 million from the prior-year record total of $1,871.8 million, reflecting higher net sales for both the Retail and Foodservice segments driven primarily by increased volume and mix. Year-over-year comparisons for the Retail segment were unfavorably impacted by prior-year sales attributed to the perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines we exited in March 2024. Year-over-year comparisons for the Foodservice segment were favorably impacted by a temporary supply agreement (“TSA”) resulting from our acquisition of a sauce and dressing production facility located in Atlanta, Georgia (“Atlanta plant”). The acquisition was completed in February 2025. The TSA commenced in March 2025 for a period of up to 12 months. Breaking down the 2.0% increase in consolidated net sales as summarized in the table below, higher core volumes and product mix contributed approximately 220 basis points, as partially offset by approximately 90 basis points attributed to the exited perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines. The incremental sales attributed to the TSA accounted for 80 basis points.

Breakdown of Change in Consolidated Net Sales

Year Ended

June 30, 2025

Change in Core Sales Volume / Mix

Net Pricing Impact

Perimeter-of-the-Store Bakery Product Lines Exited March 2024

Incremental Sales for Temporary Supply Agreement (TSA)

Total Change in Net Sales

Consolidated sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 1.2% for the year ended June 30, 2025. Excluding the impact of all sales attributed to both the exited perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines and the TSA, consolidated sales volumes increased 0.9%.

The relative proportion of sales contributed by each of our business segments can impact a year-to-year comparison of the consolidated statements of income. The following table summarizes the sales mix over each of the last three years:

Segment Sales Mix:

Retail

Foodservice

See discussion of net sales by segment following the discussion of “Earnings Per Share” below.

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Gross Profit

Consolidated gross profit increased 5.4% to $455.6 million in 2025 compared to $432.3 million in 2024 driven by the positive impacts of our cost savings programs, volume growth and some modest cost deflation.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased 5.6% to $230.2 million in 2025 compared to $218.1 million in 2024. This increase includes investments in IT to support the continued growth of our business and $3.8 million in incremental expenditures attributed to the Atlanta plant acquisition, as partially offset by prior-year expenses for Project Ascent. The incremental acquisition-related expenditures were primarily comprised of legal and professional fees.

Expenses attributed to Project Ascent, our ERP initiative, were included within Corporate Expenses and classified separately through 2024. A portion of the costs classified as Project Ascent expenses represent ongoing costs that have continued subsequent to the completion of our ERP implementation in 2024. Beginning in 2025, these ongoing costs are no longer classified separately as Project Ascent expenses.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

In 2025, we committed to a plan to close our sauce and dressing production facility in Milpitas, California as part of our ongoing strategic initiative to better optimize our manufacturing network. Production at the facility is expected to conclude in the quarter ending September 30, 2025. In 2025, we recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $4.5 million related to this closure. These charges consisted of impairment charges for personal property and operating lease right-of-use assets, one-time termination benefits, and other closing costs. The operations of this facility were not classified as discontinued operations as the closure did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on our operations or financial results.

In 2025, we transitioned our internal transportation fleet operation to an external dedicated carrier. In 2025, we recorded resulting restructuring charges of $0.6 million for one-time termination benefits.

In 2024, we committed to a plan to exit our perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines and close our Flatout flatbread facility in Saline, Michigan and our Angelic Bakehouse sprouted grain bakery facility in Cudahy, Wisconsin. Production at these facilities ceased in March 2024, and we completed the divestiture of the real estate and manufacturing equipment at these locations during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The operations of these facilities were not classified as discontinued operations as the closures did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on our operations or financial results. In 2024, we recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $14.9 million related to these closures, as well as $2.6 million recorded in Cost of Sales for the write-down of inventories. The restructuring and impairment charges, which consisted of impairment charges for fixed assets and intangible assets, one-time termination benefits and other closing costs, were not allocated to our two reportable segments due to their unusual nature whereas the $2.6 million write-down of inventories was recorded in our Retail segment.

Operating Income

Operating income increased 10.5% to $220.3 million in 2025 compared to $199.4 million in 2024 due to the increase in gross profit and lower restructuring and impairment charges, as partially offset by the higher SG&A expenses.

The following table presents a reconciliation between operating income as reported in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and adjusted operating income, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted operating income excludes certain items affecting comparability that can impact the analysis of our underlying core business performance and trends. Management uses this non-GAAP measure in preparation of our annual operating plan and for our monthly analysis of operating results. The excluded items consist of costs related to restructuring or acquisition activities.

Year Ended June 30,

Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Reported Operating Income

Cost of Sales - Inventory Write-Down for Product Line Exit

SG&A Expenses - Acquisition Costs

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

Adjusted Operating Income (non-GAAP)

See discussion of operating results by segment following the discussion of “Earnings Per Share” below.

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Pension Settlement Charge

Prior to November 30, 2024, we sponsored multiple defined benefit pension plans that covered certain former employees under collective bargaining contracts related to closed or sold operations. All these plans were previously frozen. In August 2024, our Board of Directors approved the merger of all five pension plans and the termination of the resulting merged plan. The merged plan was terminated effective November 30, 2024. Lump sum distributions and annuity purchases from a highly rated insurance company were completed in December 2024. As a result of the pension termination, we incurred a one-time noncash settlement charge of $14.0 million in 2025. See further discussion in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other, Net

Other, net resulted in a benefit of $7.1 million in 2025 compared to a benefit of $6.2 million in 2024. This change primarily reflects higher interest income.

Taxes Based on Income

Our effective tax rate was 21.6% and 22.8% in 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of the statutory rate to the effective rate.

Earnings Per Share

As influenced by the factors discussed above, diluted net income per share totaled $6.07 in 2025, an increase from the 2024 total of $5.76 per diluted share. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for each of the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have remained relatively stable.

In 2025, the pension settlement charge reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.39, restructuring and impairment charges reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.15 and costs related to the Atlanta plant acquisition reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.11.

In 2024, costs related to our decision to exit our perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines reduced diluted earnings per share by a total of $0.49. These exit costs included restructuring and impairment charges, which reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.42, and the inventory write-down, which reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.07. In 2024, expenditures for Project Ascent reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.23.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - SEGMENTS

Retail Segment

Year Ended June 30,

Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Net Sales

Operating Income

Operating Margin

In 2025, net sales for the Retail segment reached a record $1,003.4 million, a 1.5% increase from the prior-year total of $988.4 million, reflecting higher sales volumes. Year-over-year comparisons for the Retail segment were unfavorably impacted by prior-year sales attributed to the perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines we exited in March 2024. Excluding the exited product lines, Retail net sales increased 3.3%. Retail segment net sales growth was driven by our licensing program led by Texas Roadhouse TM dinner rolls, Chick-fil-A ® sauces and Subway ® sauces. Our new gluten-free New York Bakery TM frozen garlic bread also added to the growth in Retail net sales. Retail segment sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 1.6%. Excluding the impact of all sales attributed to the exited perimeter-of-the-store bakery product lines, Retail sales volumes increased 2.9%.

In 2025, Retail segment operating income increased $4.0 million, or 1.9%, to $211.7 million due to the higher sales volume and more favorable sales mix, our cost savings programs and some modest cost deflation, as partially offset by higher sales and marketing costs as we invested to support the growth of our brands.

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Foodservice Segment

Year Ended June 30,

Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Net Sales

Operating Income

Operating Margin

In 2025, Foodservice segment net sales increased 2.5% to a record $905.7 million from the 2024 total of $883.3 million driven by increased demand from several of our national chain restaurant account customers and growth for our Marzetti ® branded Foodservice products. In the back half of the fiscal year, Foodservice segment net sales were unfavorably impacted by menu changes implemented by two of our national chain restaurant customers as they shifted their focus to value offerings. Excluding all sales attributed to the TSA resulting from the February 2025 Atlanta plant acquisition, Foodservice segment net sales increased 0.9%. Foodservice segment sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 0.9%. Excluding all TSA sales, Foodservice segment sales volumes declined 0.3%.

In 2025, Foodservice segment operating income increased 14.9% to $111.6 million driven by the beneficial impact of our cost savings programs and cost deflation, as partially offset by higher supply chain costs.

Corporate Expenses

In 2025, corporate expenses totaled $97.9 million as compared to $90.5 million in 2024. This increase primarily reflects investments in IT to support the continued growth of our business and $3.8 million in incremental expenditures attributed to the Atlanta plant acquisition, as partially offset by prior-year expenses for Project Ascent.

LOOKING FORWARD

For 2026, we anticipate Retail segment sales will continue to benefit from volume growth, with contributions from both our licensing program and our Marzetti ® , New York Bakery TM , and Sister Schubert’s ® brands. In the Foodservice segment, we expect sales to be supported by select quick-service restaurant customers in our mix of national chain restaurant accounts, while external factors, including U.S. economic performance and consumer behavior, may impact demand. With respect to our input costs, in aggregate we anticipate a modest level of inflation in fiscal 2026 that we plan to offset through contractual pricing and our cost savings programs as we remain focused on continued margin improvement in the year ahead.

We also look forward to further incorporating our newly acquired Atlanta-based sauce and dressing plant into our manufacturing network.

While the current tariff environment entails some uncertainty, based on our understanding of currently available information for existing and proposed tariffs, we do not anticipate the performance of our business will be materially impacted by tariffs.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). In accordance with GAAP, the effects of changes in tax laws or rates are recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. We expect the OBBBA to primarily provide cash tax timing benefits with no material impact on our effective tax rate.

We will continue to periodically reassess our allocation of capital to ensure that we maintain adequate operating flexibility while providing appropriate levels of cash returns to our shareholders.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We maintain sufficient flexibility in our capital structure to ensure our capitalization is adequate to support our future internal growth prospects, acquire food businesses consistent with our strategic goals, and maintain cash returns to our shareholders through cash dividends and opportunistic share repurchases. Our balance sheet maintained fundamental financial strength during 2025 as we ended the year with $161 million in cash and equivalents, along with shareholders’ equity of $998 million and no debt.

Under our unsecured revolving credit facility (“Facility”), we may borrow up to a maximum of $150 million at any one time. We had no borrowings outstanding under the Facility at June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2025, we had $2.6 million of standby letters of credit outstanding, which reduced the amount available for borrowing under the Facility. The Facility expires in March 2029, and all outstanding amounts are then due and payable. Interest is variable based upon formulas tied to SOFR or an alternate base rate defined in the Facility. We must also pay facility fees that are tied to our then-applicable consolidated leverage ratio. Loans may be used for general corporate purposes. Due to the nature of its terms, when we have outstanding borrowings under the Facility, they will be classified as long-term debt.

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The Facility contains certain restrictive covenants, including limitations on liens, asset sales and acquisitions, and financial covenants relating to interest coverage and leverage. At June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all applicable provisions and covenants of this facility, and we exceeded the requirements of the financial covenants by substantial margins. At June 30, 2025, there were no events that would constitute a default under this facility.

We currently expect to remain in compliance with the Facility’s covenants for the foreseeable future. However, a default under the Facility could accelerate the repayment of any then outstanding indebtedness and limit our access to $75 million of additional credit available under the Facility. Such an event could require a reduction in or curtailment of cash dividends or share repurchases, reduce or delay beneficial expansion or investment plans, or otherwise impact our ability to meet our obligations when due.

We believe that cash provided by operating activities and our existing balances in cash and equivalents, in addition to that available under the Facility, should be adequate to meet our liquidity needs over the next 12 months, including the projected levels of capital expenditures and dividend payments. If we were to borrow outside of the Facility under current market terms, our average interest rate may increase and have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Based on our current plans and expectations, we believe our capital expenditures for 2026 could total between $75 and $85 million.

Beyond the next 12 months, we expect that cash provided by operating activities will be the primary source of liquidity. This source, combined with our existing balances in cash and equivalents and amounts available under the Facility, is expected to be sufficient to meet our overall cash requirements.

We have various contractual and other obligations that are appropriately recorded as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements, including finance lease obligations, operating lease obligations, other post-employment benefit obligations, tax liabilities, noncurrent workers compensation obligations, deferred compensation and interest on deferred compensation. See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our lease obligations, including the maturities of minimum lease payments. It is not certain when the liabilities for other post-employment benefit obligations, tax liabilities, noncurrent workers compensation obligations, deferred compensation and interest on deferred compensation will become due. See Notes 8 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about these liabilities.

Certain other contractual obligations are not recognized as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Examples of such obligations are commitments to purchase raw materials or packaging inventory that has not yet been received as of June 30, 2025, as well as purchase orders and longer-term purchase arrangements related to the procurement of services, including IT service agreements, and property, plant and equipment. The majority of these obligations is expected to be due within one year.

Cash Flows

Year Ended June 30,

Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Provided By Operating Activities

Used In Investing Activities

Used In Financing Activities

Cash provided by operating activities and our existing balances in cash and equivalents remain the primary sources for funding our investing and financing activities, as well as financing our organic growth initiatives.

Cash provided by operating activities in 2025 totaled $261.5 million, an increase of 4.0% as compared with the 2024 total of $251.6 million. The 2025 increase was primarily due to higher net income, the current-year noncash pension settlement charge and higher noncash depreciation and amortization expense, as partially offset by unfavorable year-over-year changes in net working capital and lower noncash restructuring and impairment charges. The unfavorable net working capital changes reflected the impact of a prior-year decline in accounts receivable and a prior-year increase in accounts payable, partially offset by a prior-year increase in inventories.

Cash used in investing activities totaled $148.2 million in 2025 as compared to $67.4 million in 2024. The 2025 increase primarily reflects the $78.8 million of cash paid for the February 2025 Atlanta plant acquisition, as well as prior-year proceeds from the sale of property totaling $7.0 million. Payments for property additions were $9.6 million lower in the current year.

Financing activities used net cash totaling $115.3 million and $109.2 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The vast majority of the cash used in financing activities is attributed to the payment of dividends, and the 2025 increase in cash used in financing activities primarily reflects higher levels of dividend payments. The regular dividend payout rate for 2025 was $3.75 per share, as compared to $3.55 per share in 2024. This past fiscal year marked the 62 nd consecutive year of increased regular cash dividends.

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Future levels of share repurchases and declared dividends are subject to the periodic review of our Board of Directors and are generally determined after an assessment is made of various factors, such as anticipated earnings levels, cash flow requirements and general business conditions.

Our ongoing business activities continue to be subject to compliance with various laws, rules and regulations as may be issued and enforced by various federal, state and local agencies. With respect to environmental matters, costs are incurred pertaining to regulatory compliance and, upon occasion, remediation. Such costs have not been, and are not anticipated to become, material.

We are contingently liable with respect to lawsuits, taxes and various other matters that routinely arise in the normal course of business. We do not have any related party transactions that materially affect our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

IMPACT OF INFLATION

Our business results can be influenced by significant changes in the costs of our raw materials, packaging and freight. We attempt to mitigate the impact of inflation on our raw-material costs via longer-term fixed-price contractual commitments for a portion of our most significant market-indexed commodities, most notably soybean oil and flour. Specific to freight costs, our transportation network includes a mix of dedicated carriers and longer-term fixed-rate contracts. We also have a transportation management system in place to support our freight management processes and help us to secure more competitive freight rates. Nonetheless, we are subject to events and trends in the marketplace that will impact our costs for raw materials, packaging and freight. While we attempt to pass through sustained increases in these costs, any such price adjustments can lag the changes in the related input costs.

Although typically less notable, we are also exposed to the unfavorable effects of general inflation beyond material and freight costs, especially in the areas of labor rates, including annual wage adjustments and benefit costs. Over time, we attempt to minimize the exposure to such cost increases through ongoing improvements and greater efficiencies throughout our manufacturing operations, including benefits gained through our cost savings programs and strategic investments in plant equipment.

With regard to the impact of commodity and freight costs on Foodservice segment operating income, most of our supply contracts with national chain restaurant accounts incorporate pricing adjustments to account for changes in ingredient and freight costs. These supply contracts may vary by account specific to the time lapse between the actual change in ingredient and freight costs we incur and the effective date of the associated price increase or decrease. As a result, the reported operating margins of the Foodservice segment are subject to increased volatility during periods of rapidly rising or falling ingredient and/or freight costs because at least some portion of the change in ingredient and/or freight costs is reflected in the segment’s results prior to the impact of any associated change in pricing. In addition, the Foodservice segment has an inherently higher degree of margin volatility from changes in ingredient costs when compared to the Retail segment due to its overall lower margin profile and higher ratio of ingredient pounds to net sales. In Retail, there is an opportunity to offset the impact of inflationary costs through net price realization actions including list price increases, decreased trade spending and packaging size changes. Note that all these Retail cost-recovery options entail some inherent risks and uncertainties, and the implementation timeframe can lag the input cost changes. We also implement value engineering initiatives, such as the use of lower-cost packaging materials and alternative ingredients and/or recipes, to reduce Retail and Foodservice product costs to help offset inflation.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

This MD&A discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including, but not limited to, those related to accounts receivable allowances, distribution costs, asset impairments and self-insurance reserves. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Historically, the aggregate differences, if any, between our estimates and actual amounts in any year have not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. While a summary of our significant accounting policies can be found in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, we believe the following critical accounting policies reflect those areas in which more significant judgments and estimates are used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

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Trade-Related Allowances

Our receivables balance is net of trade-related allowances, which consist of sales discounts, trade promotions and certain other sales incentives. We evaluate the adequacy of these allowances considering several factors including historical experience, specific trade programs and existing customer relationships. These allowances can fluctuate based on the level of sales and promotional programs as well as the timing of deductions.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized. It is evaluated annually at April 30 by applying impairment testing procedures. We evaluate the future economic benefit of the recorded goodwill when events or circumstances indicate potential recoverability concerns. Carrying amounts are adjusted appropriately when determined to have been impaired.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements and their impact on our consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We desire to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the PSLRA and other applicable securities laws. Such statements can be identified by the use of the forward-looking words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “expect,” “hope” or similar words. These statements discuss future expectations; contain projections regarding future developments, operations or financial conditions; or state other forward-looking information. Such statements are based upon assumptions and assessments made by us in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe to be appropriate. These forward-looking statements involve various important risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ as a result of factors over which we have no, or limited, control including, without limitation, the specific influences outlined below. Management believes these forward-looking statements to be reasonable; however, one should not place undue reliance on such statements that are based on current expectations. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Items which could impact these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those risk factors identified in Item 1A and:

• efficiencies in plant operations and our overall supply chain network;

• price and product competition;

• the success and cost of new product development efforts;

• the lack of market acceptance of new products;

• changes in demand for our products, which may result from changes in consumer behavior or loss of brand reputation or customer goodwill;

• the impact of customer store brands on our branded retail volumes;

• the impact of any laws and regulatory matters affecting our food business, including any additional requirements imposed by the FDA or any state or local government;

• the extent to which good-fitting business acquisitions are identified, acceptably integrated, and achieve operational and financial performance objectives;

• inflationary pressures resulting in higher input costs;

• fluctuations in the cost and availability of ingredients and packaging;

• adverse changes in freight, energy or other costs of producing, distributing or transporting our products;

• the reaction of customers or consumers to pricing actions we take to offset inflationary costs;

• adverse changes in trade policies, including increased tariffs, retaliatory trade measures, or other trade restrictions;

• dependence on key personnel and changes in key personnel;

• adequate supply of labor for our manufacturing facilities;

• stability of labor relations;

• geopolitical events that could create unforeseen business disruptions and impact the cost or availability of raw materials and energy;

• dependence on a wide array of critical third parties to support our operations, including contract manufacturers, distributors, logistics providers and IT vendors;

• cyber-security incidents, information technology disruptions, and data breaches;

• the potential for loss of larger programs or key customer relationships;

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• capacity constraints that may affect our ability to meet demand or may increase our costs;

• failure to maintain or renew license agreements;

• the possible occurrence of product recalls or other defective or mislabeled product costs;

• the effect of consolidation of customers within key market channels;

• maintenance of competitive position with respect to other manufacturers;

• the outcome of any litigation or arbitration;

• significant shifts in consumer demand and disruptions to our employees, communities, customers, supply chains, production planning, operations, and production processes resulting from the impacts of epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health concerns and disease outbreaks;

• changes in estimates in critical accounting judgments; and

• certain other risk factors, including those discussed in other filings we have submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission.